DOCSLIB.ORG

Gandhi As Mahatma: Gorakhpur District, Eastern UP, 1921-2'

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Gandhi As Mahatma: Gorakhpur District, Eastern UP, 1921-2' Gandhi as Mahatma 289 of time to lead or influence a political movement of the peasantry. Gandhi, the person, was in this particular locality for less than a day, but the 'Mahatma' as an 'idea' was thought out and reworked in Gandhi as Mahatma: popular imagination in subsequent months. Even in the eyes of some local Congressmen this 'deification'—'unofficial canonization' as the Gorakhpur District, Eastern UP, Pioneer put it—assumed dangerously distended proportions by April-May 1921. 1921-2' In following the career of the Mahatma in one limited area Over a short period, this essay seeks to place the relationship between Gandhi and the peasants in a perspective somewhat different from SHAHID AMIN the view usually taken of this grand subject. We are not concerned with analysing the attributes of his charisma but with how this 'Many miracles, were previous to this affair [the riot at Chauri registered in peasant consciousness. We are also constrained by our Chaura], sedulously circulated by the designing crowd, and firmly believed by the ignorant crowd, of the Non-co-operation world of primary documentation from looking at the image of Gandhi in this district'. Gorakhpur historically—at the ideas and beliefs about the Mahatma —M. B. Dixit, Committing Magistrate, that percolated into the region before his visit and the transformations, Chauri Chaura Trials. if any, that image underwent as a result of his visit. Most of the rumours about the Mahatma.'spratap (power/glory) were reported in the local press between February and May 1921. And as our sample I of fifty fairly elaborate 'stories' spans this rather brief period, we cannot fully indicate what happens to the 'deified' image after the Gandhi visited the district of Gorakhpur in eastern UP on 8 February rioting at Chauri Chaura in early 1922 and the subsequent withdrawal 1921, addressed a monster meeting variously estimated at between 1 of the Non-Co-operation movement. The aim of the present exercise lakh and 2.5 lakhs and returned the same evening to Banaras. He was is then the limited one of taking a close look at peasant perceptions of accorded a tumultuous welcome in the district, but unlike in Gandhi by focusing on the trail of stories that marked his passage Champaran and Kheda he did not stay in Gorakhpur for any length through the district. The location of the Mahatma image within 1 Research for this paper was funded by grants from the British Academy and existing patterns of popular beliefs and the way it informed direct Trinity College, Oxford. I am extremely grateful to Dr Ramachandra Tiwari for action, often at variance with the standard interpretations of the letting me consult the back numbers of Swadesh in his possession. Without his Congress creed, are the two main issues discussed in this essay. hospitality and kindness the data used in this paper could not have been gathered. Earlier versions of this essay were discussed at St Stephen's College, Delhi, the Indian Institute of Management, Calcutta, and the Conference on the Subaltern in South In a number of contemporary nationalist writings peasant perceptions Asian History and Society, held at the Australian National University, Canberra, in of and beliefs about Gandhi figure as incidents of homage and November 1982.1 am grateful to David Arnold, Gautam Bhadra, Dipesh Chakrabarty, offering. Touching instances of devotion and childlike manifestations Partha Chatterjee, Bernard Cohn, Veena Das, Anjan Ghosh, Ranajit Guha, David of affection are highlighted in the narratives of his tour in northern Hardiman, Christopher Hill, S. N. Mukherjce, Gyan Pandey, Sumit Sarkar, Abhijit 2 Sen, Savyasaachi and Harish Trivedi for their criticisms and suggestions. My debt to India during the winter of 1920-2. And if this spectacle of popular Roland Barthes, 'Introduction to the Structural Analysis of Narratives', in Stephen regard gets out of hand, it is read as a sign of the mule-like obstinacy Heath (ed.), Image-Music-Test (Glasgow, 1979), Peter Burke, Popular Culture in (hathagraha) of simple, guileless kisans. The sight and sound of Early Modern Europe (London, 1979), Ch. 5 and Ranajit Guha, Elementary Aspects of 2 Peasant Insurgency in Colonial India (Delhi, 1983), Ch. 6 is too transparent to require See Mahadev Desai, Day-to-day with Gandhi (Secretary's Diary), iii (Varanasi, detailed acknowledgement. 1965), pp. 143ff. and 262-6. For a condensed version of the same ideas, see D. G. Tendulkar, Mahatma: Life of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, ii (Bombay, 1952), p. 78. 290 Selected Subaltern Studies Gandhi as Mahatma 291 uncouth peasants invading the train carrying Gandhi, rending the so also Mahatma Gandhi has appeared as an avatar, I hear. Until I have sky with cries of *jai' and demanding darshan at an unearthly hour, seen him death will not appear'. This simple faith moved India's millions could be annoying and unnerving. But all was not yet lost because who greeted him everywhere with the cry, 'Mahatma Gandhi-ki-jai'. Prostitutes of Barisal, the Marwari merchants of Calcutta, Oriya coolies, local Congress leaders could be counted on to restrain the militant railway strikers, Santals eager to present khadi chaddars, all claimed his 3 exuberance of lathi-wielding, torch-bearing enthusiasts. A passage attention. tided 'Boundless Love' from the tour diary of his secretary is repre­ From Aliearh to Dibrugarh and then as far as Tinnevelly he went from sentative of how peasant attitudes towards Gandhi have been written village to village, from town to town, sometimes speaking in temples and 5 about in nationalist narratives: mosques. Wherever he went he had to endure the tyranny of love. It is impossible to put in language the exuberance of love which Gandhiji Examples of such darshan-seeking scenes could be multiplied, and and Shaukat Ali experienced in Bihar. Our train on the B.N.W. Railway we shall come back to them in our account of Gandhi's passage line stopped at all stations and there was not a single station which was not through Gorakhpur. It is worth stressing here that the Gandhi- crowded with hundreds of people at that time. Even women, who never darshari motif in nationalist discourse reveals a specific attitude stir out of their homes, did not fail to present themselves so that they towards the subalterns—the sadharan janta or ordinary people as could see and hear him. A huge concourse of students would everywhere smother Gandhiji with their enthusiasm. If at some place a sister would they are referred to in the nationalist Hindi press. To behold the take off her coral necklace and tell him, T give this specially for you to Mahatma in person and become his devotees were the only roles wear', at some other, sanyasis would come and leave their rosaries on his assigned to them, while it was for the urban intelligentsia and full- lap. If beautiful sheets or handspun and hand-woven cloth, many yards time party activists to convert this groundswell of popular feeling long, would be presented at one place, at some other place would turn up into an organized movement. Thus it would appear that even in the a loving villager from the woods, boastful of his trophy, saying, 'Maharaj relationship between peasant devotees and their Mahatma there was (an address of reverence) this is my feat of strength. The tiger was a terror to our people; I am giving the skin to you'. At some places, guns normally room for political mediation by the economically better off and used as fog-signals were fired in his honour. At some others, we came socially more powerful followers.6 across railway officers who would not give the green flag, when our train The idea of the artifacts of the 'mythopoeic imagination of childlike came within their jurisdiction, in order to have and let others have peasants' being mediated by political intermediaries occurs in anti- Gandhiji's darshan. Not minding the fact that our 'Special* was certain to pass by them in terrific speed, people were seen at some places, standing nationalist discourse as well. Referring to stories about the power of along the railway lines in distant hope of having just a glimpse of Gandhiji Gandhi current in Gorakhpur and other districts of eastern UP in the or at least of making their loud shouts of 'Gandhi-Shaukat Ali-ki-jai' spring of 1921, the.Pioneer wrote in an editorial: reach his ear. We have met with even policemen who had the courage to Mr Gandhi is beginning to reap the penalty of having allowed himself to approach Gandhiji to salute him or touch his hand, and CID's [sic] also be unofficially canonized (as we should say in the West) by his adoring who would plaintively say, 'We have taken to this dirty work for the sake 4 countrymen. We say 'reap the penalty', because it is inconceivable that a of the sinning flesh, but please do accept these five rupees'. man of his transparent candour and scrupulous regard for truth should hear without chagrin the myths which are being associated with him as a Seeking darshan was obviously a fairly visible sign of popular worker of miracles. The very simple people in the east and south of the reverence, and no wonder it occupies a prominent place in descrip­ United Provinces afford a fertile soil in which a belief in the powers of the tions of Gandhi's tours. D. G. Tendulkar writes of the Mahatma's 'Mahatmaji', who is after all little more than a name of power to them, 'tour of mass conversions to the new creed' in 1921 as follows: may grow.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Dr. VP Sharma Senior Principal Scientist
    Curriculum Vitae Dr. V.P. Sharma Senior Principal Scientist CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research) M.G.Marg, Lucknow 2013 Prof. Vinod Pravin Sharma Sr.Principal Scientist & Quality Manager CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research Post Box No. 80, M.G. Marg, Lucknow – 226 001, INDIA. Phone: 2627583, 2620107 Cell: 91-9935500100 FAX: 91-0522-2628227/2611547 Email:[email protected] DATE OF BIRTH & PLACE : December 10, 1964 Allahabad ACADEMIC QUALIFICATIONS : Degree University Year Subject(s) Botany Zoology and B.Sc. Lucknow University, Lucknow 1982 Chemistry M.Sc. Lucknow University, Lucknow 1984 Chemistry Proficiency in French Lucknow University, Lucknow 1988 French Kanpur University, Ph. D. * 1994 Chemistry Kanpur Human Resource PGD in HRM IGNOU, Govt. of India, New Delhi 1996 Management * Title of the thesis: Synthesis and toxicological evaluation of Plasticizer-Stabilizer complexes for plastics. DETAILS AND NATURE OF PRESENT AND PREVIOUS EMPLOYMENT: Nature of Post held College / Institute From / To Employment Lecturer St. Francis College, Lucknow 9.07.84 to 12.05.87 Teaching Indian Institute of Toxicology Research and Scientist ‘B’ 12.05.87 to12.05.92 Research, CSIR, Lucknow Development Indian Institute of Toxicology Research and Scientist ‘C’ 12.05.92 to 12.05.97 Research, CSIR, Lucknow Development Indian Institute of Toxicology Research and Scientist ‘E-I’ 12.05.97 to 12/5/02 Research, CSIR, Lucknow Development Research and Indian Institute of Toxicology Scientist ‘E-II’ 12.05.02 to 12.05.07 Development Research, CSIR, Lucknow Sr. Principal Scientist & Quality Manager IITR Teaching , Research & as well as Faculty under Indian Institute of Toxicology Development 12.05.07 to date Academy of Scientific & Research, CSIR, Lucknow Industrial Research[ AcSIR] Dr V.
    [Show full text]
  • Cow Care in Hindu Animal Ethics Kenneth R
    THE PALGRAVE MACMILLAN ANIMAL ETHICS SERIES Cow Care in Hindu Animal Ethics Kenneth R. Valpey The Palgrave Macmillan Animal Ethics Series Series Editors Andrew Linzey Oxford Centre for Animal Ethics Oxford, UK Priscilla N. Cohn Pennsylvania State University Villanova, PA, USA Associate Editor Clair Linzey Oxford Centre for Animal Ethics Oxford, UK In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the ethics of our treatment of animals. Philosophers have led the way, and now a range of other scholars have followed from historians to social scientists. From being a marginal issue, animals have become an emerging issue in ethics and in multidisciplinary inquiry. Tis series will explore the challenges that Animal Ethics poses, both conceptually and practically, to traditional understandings of human-animal relations. Specifcally, the Series will: • provide a range of key introductory and advanced texts that map out ethical positions on animals • publish pioneering work written by new, as well as accomplished, scholars; • produce texts from a variety of disciplines that are multidisciplinary in character or have multidisciplinary relevance. More information about this series at http://www.palgrave.com/gp/series/14421 Kenneth R. Valpey Cow Care in Hindu Animal Ethics Kenneth R. Valpey Oxford Centre for Hindu Studies Oxford, UK Te Palgrave Macmillan Animal Ethics Series ISBN 978-3-030-28407-7 ISBN 978-3-030-28408-4 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28408-4 © Te Editor(s) (if applicable) and Te Author(s) 2020. Tis book is an open access publication. Open Access Tis book is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made.
    [Show full text]
  • In the Name of Krishna: the Cultural Landscape of a North Indian Pilgrimage Town
    In the Name of Krishna: The Cultural Landscape of a North Indian Pilgrimage Town A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA BY Sugata Ray IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Frederick M. Asher, Advisor April 2012 © Sugata Ray 2012 Acknowledgements They say writing a dissertation is a lonely and arduous task. But, I am fortunate to have found friends, colleagues, and mentors who have inspired me to make this laborious task far from arduous. It was Frederick M. Asher, my advisor, who inspired me to turn to places where art historians do not usually venture. The temple city of Khajuraho is not just the exquisite 11th-century temples at the site. Rather, the 11th-century temples are part of a larger visuality that extends to contemporary civic monuments in the city center, Rick suggested in the first class that I took with him. I learnt to move across time and space. To understand modern Vrindavan, one would have to look at its Mughal past; to understand temple architecture, one would have to look for rebellions in the colonial archive. Catherine B. Asher gave me the gift of the Mughal world – a world that I only barely knew before I met her. Today, I speak of the Islamicate world of colonial Vrindavan. Cathy walked me through Mughal mosques, tombs, and gardens on many cold wintry days in Minneapolis and on a hot summer day in Sasaram, Bihar. The Islamicate Krishna in my dissertation thus came into being.
    [Show full text]
  • Letter Circular 38: Reports and Papers Relative to the Investigation Of
    . WSH : EMS III-7 Letter Circular LC 38 DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Mar. 1, 1924. EUREAU OF STANDARDS WASHINGTON, D.C. * * REPORTS AND PAPERS RELATIVE TO TOE INVESTIGATION OF AUTOMOTIVE POWER PLANTS, BUREAU OF standards . (The publications not starred may be secured through the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautic s* 3341 Navy Bldg., w 17th & B Sts * t N i , , Washington, D. 0. Those marked with a star are publications of the Bureau of Standards and may be purchased from the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., at the prices stated. In addition, references are .. given .to a number of papers published in -various technical journals.) N . A. C. A ~ Technical R eport s Number Title 43 Synopsis of Aeronautic Radiator Investigations for the years 1917 and 1918. (42,1 44 The Altitude Laboratory for the Testing of Aircraft Engines. (52) 45 Effect of Compression Ratio, Pressure, Temperature, and Humidity on Power. Part I. Variation of Horse- power with Altitude and Compression Ratio (?); Part II. Value of Supercharging (9); Part III . 1 .:Variation of Horsepower with Temperature (8); Part IV. Influence of Water Injection on Engine Performance (34>>; (Out of print. May be consulted at leading libraries.) 46 A Study of Airplane Engine Tests. 47 Power Characteristics of Fuels for Aircraft Engines. Part I. Power Characteristics of Aviation Gasoline (ll); Part II. Power Characteristics of Sumatra and Borneo Gasolines (33); Part III. Power Characteris- tics of 20% Benzol Mixture (32) 48 Carbureting Conditions Characteristic of Aircraft Engines (10) r • j « . Letter Circular 38—March 1, 1924. 2 Numb er Title 49 Metering Characteristics of Carburetors: Part I.
    [Show full text]
  • Thirty-Second Annual List of Papers
    1923.] LIST OF PUBLISHED PAPERS 485 THIRTY-SECOND ANNUAL LIST OF PAPERS READ BEFORE THE AMERICAN MATHEMATICAL SOCIETY AND SUBSEQUENTLY PUBLISHED, INCLUDING REFERENCES TO THE PLACES OF PUBLICATION ALEXANDER, J. W. A proof and extension of the Jordan-Brouwer separa­ tion theorem. Read April 29, 1916. Transactions of this Society, vol. 23, No. 4, pp. 333-349; June, 1922. Invariant points of a surface transformation of given class. Read Dec. 28, 1922. Transactions of this Society, vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 173- 184; April, 1923. BARNETT, I. A. Differential equations with a continuous infinitude of variables. Read Dec. 28, 1918. American Journal of Mathematics, vol. 44, No. 3, pp. 172-190; July, 1922. Linear partial differential equations with a continuous infinitude of variables. Read Dec. 28, 1918, and April 24, 1920. American Journal of Mathematics, vol. 45, No. 1, pp. 42-53; Jan., 1923. BELL, E. T. On restricted systems of higher indeterminate equations. Read (San Francisco) June 18, 1920. Transactions of this Society, vol. 22, No. 4, pp. 483-488; Oct., 1921. Anharmonic polynomial generalizations of the numbers of Bernoulli and Euler. Read (San Francisco) April 9, 1921. Transactions of this Society, vol. 24, No. 2, pp. 89-112; Sept., 1922. Periodicities in the theory of partitions. Read (San Francisco) April 8, 1922. Annals of Mathematics, (2), vol. 24, No. 1, pp. 1-22; Sept., 1922. Relations between the numbers of Bernoulli, Euler, Genocchi, and Lucas. Read (San Francisco) April 8, 1922. Messenger of Mathe­ matics, vol. 52, No. 4, pp. 56-64, and No. 5, pp. 65-68; Aug.
    [Show full text]
  • Tharus and Their Enhancement in Modern Time of Lakhimpur-Kheri District,U.P
    International Journal of Innovative Social Science & Humanities Research ISSN: 2349-1876 (Print) | ISSN : 2454-1826 (Online) Tharus and Their Enhancement in Modern Time of Lakhimpur-Kheri District,U.P. Dr. Nutan Singh, Associate Professor, Deptt. Of History, Y.D.P.G.College,Lakhimpur Kheri. E-mail: [email protected] Dr. Dhirendra Kumar Singh, (Corresponding Author), Associate Professor, Deptt. Of Botany, Y.D.P.G.College,Lakhimpur Kheri. E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT This study investigate the origin of Tharus, its affinities, internal organization, social nature in the form of lifestyle , religion, food-drinks ,occupations and social reforms by means of festivals, marriages and dance of Tharus. It is all possible by their life activity, survey of Tharu villages and vitality of the forest which is of ethnobotanical use. Forest provides economic uplift to the Tharus through vegetables, fruits, medicines through their plant resources. The main motive of the forest shall be to envisage long term harmonious relationship between the forest and Tharu’s social and economic interest. This paper inculcates that it would not only benefit the Tharus (Tribals) but also the country as a whole. Introduction The sub-Himalayan Tarai region of Uttar Pradesh is natural forces for centuries and have led a secluded inhabited by two important scheduled tribes, life.Even today, the Tharu depend upon the outside namely, the Tharus and the Bhoxax. The Tharus are world for only such articles as salt, kerosene, oil and found in the northern district of this area viz, Gonda, cloths. They make use of many plant species to meet Baharaich, Gorakhpur, Nainital and Lakhimpur Kheri.
    [Show full text]
  • National Highways Authority of India
    a - = ----- f- -~ - |l- National HighwaysAuthority of India (Ministry of Road Transport & Highways) New Delhi, India _, Public Disclosure Authorized Final Generic EMP: Lucknow- Ayodhya Stretch on NH-28 and Gorakhpur Bypass August, 2004 E895 Volume 4 Public Disclosure Authorized -F~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-r Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized fl4V enmiltennt± ILArD f'~-em. .I,iuv*e D A 1 Iii 4~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~40 Shri V.K. Sharma General Manager DHV Consultants Social & Environmental Development Unit Branch Office National Highway Authority of India C-154, Greater Kailash-I Plot No. G 5 & G 6 New Delhio- 110 048 Sector - 10, Dwarka Telephone +91-11-646 643316455/5744 New Delhi Fax +91-11-622 6543 E-mail:[email protected] New Delhi, 10OhAugust 2004 Our Ref. MSP/NHAI/0408.094 Subject Submission of Final Report: Independent Review of EIA, EMIPand EA * Process Summary for Lucknow-Ayodhya section of NH-28 and Gorakhpur Bypass Project * Dear Sir, We are submitting the Final Report of Independent Review of EIA, EMP and EA Process Sumnmaryfor Lucknow Ayodhya section of NH-28 and Gorakhpur Bypass Project for your kind consideration. We hope you would appreciate our efforts in carrying out the assignment. Thanking you, Yours s iferely DHV C ultan M.S. Prakash (Dr. Team Leader l l I D:\UmangWH-28FiraReport August 10 doc\covoumglt doe DHVConsultants Is partof the DHVGroup. Laos, t .-. n rntarnalaHuncarv. Hona Kona. rIndia, Inronesi, Israel, Kenya. I(*$Ž4umg I - o-o- ....... 0. Q-io...,. GenericEnvironmental Management Plan for Lucknow- Ayodhyasection of | NH-28and Gorakhpurbypass I'1if-s a] an I 3Leiito]3 a ,"I .m.D3Vy3 II .
    [Show full text]
  • Nationalism in India
    Chap 1.2 : Nationalism in India www.cbse.online CBSE BOARD Objective Questions Exam 2019-2020 CLASS : 10th SUB : Social Science Unit 4 : India and Contemporaray World - II CCHAPTERHAPTER 11.2.2 For 15 Years Exams Chapter-wise Question Bank visit www.cbse.online or whatsapp at 8905629969 Nationalism in India 1. OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS Ans : (d) Customs 9. From which year, the National Movement spread 1. The Round Table Conferenc which was boycotted by to new areas incorporating new social groups and the Congress. developing new modes of struggle? (a) Second (b) First (a) 1914 (b) 1916 (c) Third (d) None of the above (c) 1919 (d) 1918 Ans : (b) First Ans : (c) 1919 2. Federation of Indian Commerce and Industries was 10. What created a new economic and political situation formed by: in India during 1913-1918? (a) British traders (b) Indian farmers (a) War (b) Femine (c) Indian merchants (d) None of the above (c) Peace (d) Flood Ans : (c) Indian merchants Ans : (a) War 3. Who was the President of Muslim League in 1930? 11. When did Mahatma Gandhi return to India? (a) Sir Muhammad Iqbal (a) January 1912 (b) January 1914 (b) Shaukat Ali (c) January 1913 (d) January 1915 (c) Muhammad Ali Jinnah Ans : (d) January 1915 (d) Maulana Azad 12. When was the Non-cooperation Khilafat Movement Ans : (a) Sir Muhammad Iqbal begin in India? (a) January 1919 (b) January 1921 4. During the British India, how many provinces were there? (c) February 1920 (d) February 1922 (a) Six (b) Eight Ans : (b) January 1921 (c) Seven (d) Nine 13.
    [Show full text]
  • List of Class Wise Ulbs of Uttar Pradesh
    List of Class wise ULBs of Uttar Pradesh Classification Nos. Name of Town I Class 50 Moradabad, Meerut, Ghazia bad, Aligarh, Agra, Bareilly , Lucknow , Kanpur , Jhansi, Allahabad , (100,000 & above Population) Gorakhpur & Varanasi (all Nagar Nigam) Saharanpur, Muzaffarnagar, Sambhal, Chandausi, Rampur, Amroha, Hapur, Modinagar, Loni, Bulandshahr , Hathras, Mathura, Firozabad, Etah, Badaun, Pilibhit, Shahjahanpur, Lakhimpur, Sitapur, Hardoi , Unnao, Raebareli, Farrukkhabad, Etawah, Orai, Lalitpur, Banda, Fatehpur, Faizabad, Sultanpur, Bahraich, Gonda, Basti , Deoria, Maunath Bhanjan, Ballia, Jaunpur & Mirzapur (all Nagar Palika Parishad) II Class 56 Deoband, Gangoh, Shamli, Kairana, Khatauli, Kiratpur, Chandpur, Najibabad, Bijnor, Nagina, Sherkot, (50,000 - 99,999 Population) Hasanpur, Mawana, Baraut, Muradnagar, Pilkhuwa, Dadri, Sikandrabad, Jahangirabad, Khurja, Vrindavan, Sikohabad,Tundla, Kasganj, Mainpuri, Sahaswan, Ujhani, Beheri, Faridpur, Bisalpur, Tilhar, Gola Gokarannath, Laharpur, Shahabad, Gangaghat, Kannauj, Chhibramau, Auraiya, Konch, Jalaun, Mauranipur, Rath, Mahoba, Pratapgarh, Nawabganj, Tanda, Nanpara, Balrampur, Mubarakpur, Azamgarh, Ghazipur, Mughalsarai & Bhadohi (all Nagar Palika Parishad) Obra, Renukoot & Pipri (all Nagar Panchayat) III Class 167 Nakur, Kandhla, Afzalgarh, Seohara, Dhampur, Nehtaur, Noorpur, Thakurdwara, Bilari, Bahjoi, Tanda, Bilaspur, (20,000 - 49,999 Population) Suar, Milak, Bachhraon, Dhanaura, Sardhana, Bagpat, Garmukteshwer, Anupshahar, Gulathi, Siana, Dibai, Shikarpur, Atrauli, Khair, Sikandra
    [Show full text]
  • Hugh Macdiarmid, Author and Publisher J.T.D
    Studies in Scottish Literature Volume 21 | Issue 1 Article 7 1986 Hugh MacDiarmid, Author and Publisher J.T.D. Hall Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/ssl Part of the English Language and Literature Commons Recommended Citation Hall, J.T.D. (1986) "Hugh MacDiarmid, Author and Publisher," Studies in Scottish Literature: Vol. 21: Iss. 1. Available at: https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/ssl/vol21/iss1/7 This Article is brought to you by the Scottish Literature Collections at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Studies in Scottish Literature by an authorized editor of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. J.T.D. Hall Hugh MacDiarmid, Author and Publisher In his volume of autobiography, Lucky Poet, Hugh MacDiarmid declared that at an early age he had decided that his life's work would not follow a conventional pattern and would exist outside the scope of ordinary professional activities: I was very early determined that I would not 'work for money', and that whatever I might have to do to earn my living, I would never devote more of my time and my energies to remunerative work than I did to voluntary and gainless activities, and actes gratuits, in Gide's phrase.1 It is perhaps not surprising that his chosen field was literature. In the same volume, MacDiarmid claimed that a "literary strain" had been struggling to the fore over several generations on both sides of the family. If his home background was thus conducive to literature, he also found ample encouragement in the resources of the local library in Langholm which were available to him, and which he consumed with an omnivorous appetite.2 Early writings were occasionally rewarded by prizes in literary competitions, or accorded the ultimate accolade of publication.3 MacDiarmid's teachers at Broughton School were aware of his great talents, and 54 J.T.D.
    [Show full text]
  • District Population Statistics, 32-Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh
    I Census of India, 1951 DISTRICT POPULATllON STATiSTICS UTTAR PRADESH 32-GORAKHPUR DISTRICT ,I 315.42 \'LLAHAJ~AD : ~G AND STA;TIONERY. UTTAR PRADESH, INDIA 1951 1953 I GORDPS Price, Re.1-S. OFFICE OF THE REGISTRAR GENERAL, INDIA, NEW DELHI. 2011 [LIBRARY] Class No._ 315.42 Book No._ 1951 GOR DPS 21236 Accession No. ________ LED CASTES IN UTTAR PRADESH (1) Throughout the State- (1) Agariya (22) Bhuyiar (43) Kanjar (2) Badi (23) Boria (44) Kapariya (3) Badhik (24) Chamar (45) Karwal (4) Baheliya (25) Chero (46) Khaiz-aha (5) Baiga (26) Dabgar (47) Kharot (tJ) Baiswar (27) Dhangar (48) Kharwar (excluding BenbfUlsi) (1) Bajaniya (28) Dhanuk (49) Kol (8) Bajgi (29) Dharkar (50) Korwa (9) Ba.lahar (30) Dhpbi (51) Lalbegi (10) Ba.!miki (31) Dhusia or Jhusifl (52) Majhwar (II) Ba.ngaU (32) Dom (53) Nat (2) Banmanus (33) Domar (54) Pankha CD} Bansphor (34} Dusadh (55} Parahiya (14) Barwar (35) aharami (56) Pasi (15) Basor (36) Ghasiya (57) Patsri (16) Bawariya (37) GuaI (58) Rawat (7) Beldar (33) Habura (59) Saharya (18) Bedya (39) Hari (60) Sana.urhiya (19) Bhantu (40) Hela, (61) Sansiya (20) Bhoksa (41) Jatava (62) Shilpkar (21.) Bhuiya (42] Kalabaz (63) Turaiha (2) In Bunrlelkhand Division and the portion of Mirzapur District, south of Kai'l16ur Range- Gond FOREWORD THE Uttar Pradesh Government asked me in March, 1952, [0 supply them for the purposes of elections to local bodies population statistics with separation for scheduled castes (i) mohalla/ward -wise for urban areas, and (ii) vil1age~wise for rural areas.
    [Show full text]
  • Annexure-V State/Circle Wise List of Post Offices Modernised/Upgraded
    State/Circle wise list of Post Offices modernised/upgraded for Automatic Teller Machine (ATM) Annexure-V Sl No. State/UT Circle Office Regional Office Divisional Office Name of Operational Post Office ATMs Pin 1 Andhra Pradesh ANDHRA PRADESH VIJAYAWADA PRAKASAM Addanki SO 523201 2 Andhra Pradesh ANDHRA PRADESH KURNOOL KURNOOL Adoni H.O 518301 3 Andhra Pradesh ANDHRA PRADESH VISAKHAPATNAM AMALAPURAM Amalapuram H.O 533201 4 Andhra Pradesh ANDHRA PRADESH KURNOOL ANANTAPUR Anantapur H.O 515001 5 Andhra Pradesh ANDHRA PRADESH Vijayawada Machilipatnam Avanigadda H.O 521121 6 Andhra Pradesh ANDHRA PRADESH VIJAYAWADA TENALI Bapatla H.O 522101 7 Andhra Pradesh ANDHRA PRADESH Vijayawada Bhimavaram Bhimavaram H.O 534201 8 Andhra Pradesh ANDHRA PRADESH VIJAYAWADA VIJAYAWADA Buckinghampet H.O 520002 9 Andhra Pradesh ANDHRA PRADESH KURNOOL TIRUPATI Chandragiri H.O 517101 10 Andhra Pradesh ANDHRA PRADESH Vijayawada Prakasam Chirala H.O 523155 11 Andhra Pradesh ANDHRA PRADESH KURNOOL CHITTOOR Chittoor H.O 517001 12 Andhra Pradesh ANDHRA PRADESH KURNOOL CUDDAPAH Cuddapah H.O 516001 13 Andhra Pradesh ANDHRA PRADESH VISAKHAPATNAM VISAKHAPATNAM Dabagardens S.O 530020 14 Andhra Pradesh ANDHRA PRADESH KURNOOL HINDUPUR Dharmavaram H.O 515671 15 Andhra Pradesh ANDHRA PRADESH VIJAYAWADA ELURU Eluru H.O 534001 16 Andhra Pradesh ANDHRA PRADESH Vijayawada Gudivada Gudivada H.O 521301 17 Andhra Pradesh ANDHRA PRADESH Vijayawada Gudur Gudur H.O 524101 18 Andhra Pradesh ANDHRA PRADESH KURNOOL ANANTAPUR Guntakal H.O 515801 19 Andhra Pradesh ANDHRA PRADESH VIJAYAWADA
    [Show full text]