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Maulana Azad's Vision of Modern India

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International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Research International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Research ISSN: 2455-2070 Impact Factor: RJIF 5.22 www.socialsciencejournal.in Volume 4; Issue 2; March 2018; Page No. 107-113 Maulana Azad‘s vision of modern India Dr. Meraj Ahmad Meraj Assistant Professor, Department of Arabic, Aliah University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India Abstract Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, a multi-dimensional personality, bloomed into a valiant freedom fighter; an apostle of Hindu-Muslim unity is one of the pioneer nation builders of modern India. He is remembered in the history of India not only for the role he played in the freedom struggle of the country, but also as the first Education Minister of independent India, he made exemplary contributions in nation-building leaving his indelible imprints in the field of education. He believed that materialization of India as a developed nation is possible only through union, solidarity and communal harmony. Maulana Azad is undoubtedly one of the architects of modern secular India who occupies a special place in the Indian History. Being a creative thinker acquainted with both traditional and modern education, Maulana Azad laid an undying impact on the educational aspects of modern India. This paper is an attempt to explore the vision and thought of Azad which were inevitable in laying down the foundation of modern India. This paper also highlights his policies and principles as existing in his writings and speeches to explore a devised to make India a centre of all intellectual and scientific developments in the world. Keywords: Moulana Azad, modern India, secularism, nationalism, Hindu-Muslim unity Introduction its cultural life is and will remain one politically. [1]” The aim Moulana Azad occupies a distinctive position in the history of of this paper is to investigate the contribution made by our Freedom Movement. An erudite person, Maulana Azad Maulana Azad in nation building. It also discusses the was one of the few Philosopher- Statesmen our nation has significance and relevance of his thoughts and ideas in the been gifted with. He was most assuredly an outstanding modern age. scholar, a great journalist, a matchless orator but which equal Maulana Abul Kalam Azad was born on November 11, 1888 ease he was also a great statesman who played a significant in Mecca, the birth place of Islam. He belonged to an orthodox role in every crisis which India faced in its struggle to make Muslim family. The original name of Maulana Abul Kalam our country free and independent. During the Freedom Azad was Abul Kalam Ghulam Muhiyuddin. His ancestors Movement and in the years immediately following came to India from Afghanistan. His mother was an Arab and independence, he was closely associated with crucial decision his father Maulana Khairuddin was a Bengali Muslim of making in the country. Moulana Azad was a man with a Afghan origin. Maulana Khairuddin shifted to Mecca in 1857. mission. His greatest mission in life, perhaps, was Hindu- He returned to India in 1890 and started living in Calcutta. His Muslim unity and the unity and integrity of the country. He mother died when he was only 11 years old. At the age of detested partition of the country. His mission was for national fourteen, he married to young Zuleikha Begum. Maulana Abul integration and unity of the country. Azad was passionately Kalam Azad received the traditional Islamic education at patriotic and had strong empathies for anti-colonial politics home. After that he was taught Arabic, Persian, philosophy, since his teenage. In the wake of the Khilafat, Non- Geometry, mathematics and algebra by some great teachers. cooperation Movement, he joined the Indian National He also acquired huge knowledge in English, history, politics Congress and presided over its special session of 1923. He and general science. Maulana Azad started writing articles remained with Gandhi and Nehru even as their constituency of reinterpreting and analyzing the Qur'an, the Hadith, and the support amongst the Indian Muslims dwindled over the years. rules of Fiqh and Kalam. He rejected the orthodoxy of Taqlid After Independence, he committed himself to project of and accepted the modern principles of Tajdid. Initially, he was building a secular, pluralist and progressive nation-state and influenced by Pan-Islamic movement of Jamaluddin Afghani was instrumental in founding academic and cultural and by the thought of Sir Syed Ahmed Khan. He was also institutions such as the Indian Institute of Technology, Sahitya deeply inspired by modernism and western philosophy. He Akademi, Sangeet Natak Akademi, University Grants visited Iraq and met the revolutionary nationalist who opposed Commission and many more institutions and organizations. the imperialism. He also went to Egypt and met Shaikh Maulana Azad’s ideals have made significant contribution to Muhammad Abduh, Saeed Reza and other revolutionary India becoming a sovereign, secular and democratic republic. leaders of the Arab world [2]. Maulana Azad was moved by the He remained steadfast on his opinion about religion, idea of anti-imperialism. He came back to India and joined the nationalism and freedom. He said: “partition is a tragedy for Indian freedom movement. He protested against the racial India. We must not however, forget that the nation is one and discrimination of the British Government. Maulana Azad had 107 International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Research a natural inclination towards writing and this resulted in the advocated the principles of the non-cooperation movement start of the monthly magazine "Nairang-e-Alam" in 1899. He and in the process became drawn to Gandhi and his opposed the communal separatism of All India Muslim philosophy. During that time he supported the Khilafat League in 1905. Azad fiercely criticized the Muslim movement. It is worth mentioning that Azad was not anti- politicians who were more inclined towards the communal British till 1905. He was influenced by Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, issues without focusing on the national interest. He also though he did not subscribe to the philosophy of Aligarh rejected the theories of communal separatism advocated by movement. Afterwards he got disillusioned with the British the All India Muslim League. In 1912, He started publishing a and became anti-imperialistic. Till the end of the Khilafat weekly journal in Urdu named Al-Hilal to propagate Movement, Azad emphasized the Hindu-Muslim unity. The revolutionary ideas amongst the Muslims [3]. He also wrote period 1919-22 is understood as the heyday of Hindu-Muslim many articles in this journal to promote communal harmony. unity against the colonial rule. This was the period when the In 1914, British Government banned Al-Hilal for spreading leaderships of Congress and the Khilafat movement often extremist views. Latter, he started a new journal named Al- overlapped. This was in tune with Gandhi’s idea that British Balagh and again started propagating revolutionary ideas and can be fought only with united Hindus and Muslims. Strikes, nationalism through this journal [4]. demonstrations and Satyagrahas took place around the In 1923, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad became the President of country, while ‘Hindu-Musalman ki Jai was the famous the special session of the Indian National Congress. In 1930, slogan. he participated in Mahatma Gandhi movement Salt Satyagraha. In his presidential speech he clearly stated that Maulana Azad: A revolutionary journalist ignoring the idea of religious separatism is very important. His Maulana Azad, an erudite religious scholar, combining in him speech thus still stands as the insignia of communal harmony. the finest of the traditional values with the best of modern He held this post till the year 1946. He wanted unified nation concepts; a prolific writer and fearless journalist; he acquired and opposed the partition as well as Jinnah's Two-Nation proficiency in several languages, including Urdu, Arabic, Theory. After independence Maulana Abul Kalam Azad Persian and Hindi. From a very young age, he showed great became the first education Minister of India. He was the literary flare and edited a weekly called Al-Misbah and also member of Constituent Assembly which was responsible for brought out a monthly journal called Lissan-us-Sidq. He drafting the constitution of India. Maulana Azad wanted to worked for a short period with al- Nadwa under guidance of spread education among the common people of the country. In Shibli Nomani. He worked with the renowned newspaper 1956 he was selected as the President of the UNESCO “Wakeel” in Amritsar. Azad’s background shaped him to be a General Conference in Delhi. On February 22, 1958, he scholar but his rebellious minds led to the politics that turned passed away. His birthday, November 11, is celebrated as him towards journalism. He brought an Urdu weekly Al-Hilal National Education Day in India. Maulana Abul Kalam Azad and started to attack British policies for Indians. After Al-Hilal was posthumously awarded India's highest civilian honour he launched second weekly named Al-Balagh. In 1914, The Bharat Ratna in 1992. British Government put a ban on the weekly. Unfazed by the move, Maulana Azad, few months later, launched a new Maulana Azad and Khilafat Movement weekly, called "Al-Balagh". Failed to put a prohibition on the The Khilafat Movement (1919-1924) was a major pan-Islamic writings of Maulana Azad, the British Government then movement started to save the Ottoman Empire and it extended finally decided to deport him off Calcutta in 1916. When to India against the British power. During the First World Maulana Azad reached Bihar, he was arrested and put under War, Turkey helped Germany to war against British. Turkish house arrest. This detention continued till December 31, 1919. being the founder of Islamic government and the central After his release on January 1, 1920, Azad returned to the power of the Muslim unity, the Turkish emperor “Khalifa” political atmosphere and actively participated in the was the political and religious leader of all Muslims across the movement.
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