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Appendix a Biographical Notes Appendix A Biographical Notes Most of the individuals who appear in the documents and who had some important role to play are included in this section. The common Indian practice of adding an honorific ji' (or jee) to the main or part of the main name (e.g. Subhasji, Lalajee) and also to the surname (e.g. Gandhijee), and of using in some cases only the prefix (Mahatmaji, Maulana, Dr Saheb), often causes a problem of identifi­ cation. To help readers solve this problem all such 'incomplete' names are listed in the index, each with a cross-reference. Thus, for example, 'Lalaji' will appear in the index with a cross-reference - see Rai, Lala Lajpat. Having thus ascertained the full name the reader may turn back to this seetion for further details about the person concerned. Abdullah, Sheikh Muhammad, born 1905: educated Srinagar and Aligarh; Muslim leader of Kashmir; President National Conference, 1939-42 and 1944-46; launched Quit-Kashmir movement against the Maharaja of Kashmir in 1946; Prime Minister of Kashmir 1948-5$ dismissed and arrested in 1953; restored to the chief ministership of the State in 1975 by Mrs Gandhi. Abell, Sir George, born 1904: I.C.S.; Private Secretary to the Viceroy, 1945-47· Aga Khan, Sultan Mahomed Shah, 1875-1958: the third Aga Khan was the spiritual chief ofthe Ismaili sect ofthe Shia Muslims; President ofthe Muslim League 1906- 13; first Indian to be elected President of the League ofNations Assembly, in 1937. Aiyer, Sir C. P. Ramaswami, 1879-1966: lawyer of the Madras High Court; member of Viceroy's council 1931 and 1942; Dewan (Prime Minister) of the Indian State of Travancore, 1936-47. Aiyer,.Sir P. S. Sivaswami, 1864-1946: Advocate-General of Madras, 1908- 12; member ofMadras Governor's Council, 1912- 17; President of the National Liberal Federation of India in 1919 and 1926. Alexander,A. V. (Lord), 1885-1965: First Lord ofthe Admiralty, 1929- 31,1940-45,1945-46; Memberofthe CabinetDelegation to India, 1946; created Ist Viscount in 1950. Ali, Asaf, 1888 - 1953: U.P. Muslim; called to the Bar in 1912; joined Biographical Notes Congress politics in 1920; member ofIndian Legislative Assembly, 1934- 46; member ofthe Interim Government, 1946-47; India's ambassador to U.S.A., 1947-48. Ali, Muhammad, 1878-1931: educated at Aligarh and Oxford; a Pan­ Islamist and the prominent leader ofthe Khilafat movement, for which he was interned twice-1915-19, 1921-3; Congress President, 1923. Ali, Shaukat, 1873-1937: like his younger brother Muhammad Ali he played a leading role in the short-lived khilafat phase of the Indian politics. Ali, Syed Ameer, 1849- 1928: one ofthe first Indian Muslims to read for the Bar (1873) and to become a High Court judge (1904); retired to England in 1908 and became the founder and president of the London branch of the Muslim League. Ambedkar, Dr B. R., 1891 - 1956: Ph.D. in 1916 from Columbia University; called to Bar in 1923; began legal practice and also an active public career in Bombay from 1924; by 1928 he emerged as the leader of the Depressed Classes; attended Round Table Conferences, 1930-3; member of the Governor-General's Executive Council, 1942-6; Law Minister in Nehru's Cabinet, 1947-51; on 14 October 1956 he embraced Buddhism and advised his followers to follow suit. Amery, L. S., 1875-1955: educated at Harrow and Cambridge; Times correspondent in South Africa during Boer War; Conservative Secretary of State for India, 1940-45. Aney, Dr M. S., 1880- 1968: a right-wing Congressman from Berar; Vice­ President of the Responsivist Party formed in 1926; member of the Governor-General's Council, 1941 -3. Ansari, M. A., 1880- 1936: a medical practitioner; as anationalist (or Congress) Muslim he was elevated to the Congress Presidency in 1927 when the communal tension was high. Attlee, C . .R. (Lord), 1883- 1967: came into elose touch with Indian affairs as a member of the Simon Commission in 1927; leader of Labour Party, 1935 - 55; Deputy Prime Minister, 1942 - 5; Prime Minister, 1945- 51; created Earl in 1955. A yyangar, N. Gopalaswami, 1882 - 1953: in Madras Civil Service, 1905- 37; Dewan ofKashmir, 1937-47; Minister in Nehru's Cabinet 1947-53· Azad, A. K., 1889-1958: Nationalist Muslim and chief adviser to Congress High Command on the Muslim minority problem; Congress President, 1939-46; Education Minister in Nehru's Cabinet 1947-58. Bajaj, Jamnalal, 1889-1942: cotton merchant and banker from Central Province who entered politics in 1920 and functioned as the treasurer of Congress for some years. Baldwin, Stanley (Lord), 1867-1947: educated Harrow and Cambridge; Conservative Prime Minister, 1923, 1924-9, 1935-7; created Earl in 1937· Biographical Notes Bannerjia, S. N., 1848- 1925: the first-generation Indian nationalist from Bengal who entered politics after his dismissal from the Indian Ci vii Service in 1874; twice President of Congress, in 1895 and 1902; left Congress in 1918 and became one of the founders of the Indian Liberal F ederation; Minister in the Bengal Government, 192 I - 3. Bari, Abdul, ? - 1947: Bihari Muslim who began his political career in the Khilafat and non-cooperation movement of 1920; had a major hand in the formation of the Bihar Socialist Party in 193 I; labour and trade union leader of his province till his death. Basu, B. N., 1859-1924: attorney ofthe Calcutta High Court; President of Congress in 1914; member of Secretary of State's Council, 1917-24. Besant, Mrs Annie, 1847 - 1933: British theosophist who went to India in 1895; President of the Theosophical Society, 1907-33; founded the Central Hindu College at Bahares; established Indian Horne Rule League in 1916; interned by the Madras Governor in 1917 for her seditious speeches and, as a result, elevated to Congress Presidency the same year by the Indian Nationalists; a liberal politician who fell out of tune with Gandhi's politics and was, conseqeuently, edged out ofthe central political arena in 1920. Bhabha, C. H., born 1910: a Parsi businessman and industrialist from Bombay; member Interim Government, 1946-47; Commerce Minister in Nehru's Cabinet, 1947-48. Bhargava, Dr Gopichand, 1889- 1966: medical practitioner from Hissar, Punjab; entered political arena under the leadership of Lajpat Rai and attained provincial prominence during the Punjab disturbances of 1919; Chief Minister of East Punjab, 1947 - 5 I. Bhopal, Air Vice-Marshai N awab of, 1894-I 960: became ruler of the State in May 1926; Chancellor of Chamber of Princes, 1931-32 and 1941-7; attended Indian Round Table Conference, 1931-32. Bikaner, Lieut-Gen. Ganga Singh, Maharaja of, 1880-1943: assumed ruling powers in 1898; attended Indian Round Table Conference, 1930-3 I. Birkenhead, Lord (F. E. Smith), 1874- 1930: Attorney-General, 1915- 19; Secretary ofState for India, 1924-8. Bonnerjee, W. C., 1844- 1906: barrister of the Calcutta High Court; President of Congress in 1885 and 1892. Bose, Sarat Chandra, 1889-1950: eider brother ofSubhas Chandra Bose; a prominent left-wing Congress leader of Bengal; member of the Indian Legislative Assembly in 1945; member of Interim Government in 1946. Bose, Subhas Chandra, 1897-1945: resigned from the I.C.S. andjoined the non-cooperation movement of 1920; started his political career in Bengal under the wing ofC. R. Das; made his mark on the national politics in 1928 by joining the socialists and demanding complete independence for India; elected Congress President in 1938 and re-elected in 1939 against Gandhi's wishes but had to resign; soon after he founded the Forward Block, which represented militant aggressive nationalism; early in 1941 he Biographical Notes eseaped from India to Germany, met Hitler and in 1943 was taken by a German submarine to Indonesia whenee he flew toJapan; General Tojo welcomed his eollaboration and soon he was baek in South-east Asia to take over the eommand, in Oetober 1943, ofthe Indian National Army; died in an air erash in 1945. Brelvi, Syed Abdulla, 1892 - 1949: Congress Muslim who was the editor of the Nationalist newspaper Bombay Chronicle, 1920-49. Bu tler, Sir Harcourt, 1869 - 1938: One of the first two Bu tlers (the other being his brother Sir Montagu Butler, father ofR. A. (Lord) Butler) to go to India as a Member of the I.C.S.; Lieutenant-Governor of Burma, 1915-18; Lieutenant-Governor of V.P., 1918-21; Governor of V.P. 1921-23; Chairman Indian States Committee, 1927-9. Campbell-Johnson, Alan, born 1913: edueated Westminster and Oxford; Press Attaehe to Lord Mountbatten, 1947-48. Chapekar Brothers-Damodar (1870-97), Balkrishna (1873-1899), Wasudeo (1879~9): the three brothers, Chitpauan Brahmins from Konkan, swayed by terrorist zeal, killed the plague offieers Rand and Lt Ayerst on 22June 1897; they were tried, eonvieted and hanged at different times between 1898 and 1899. Chelmsford, Lord, 1868- 1933: Governor ofQueensland, 1905-9 and of New South Wales, 1909-13; Vieeroy oflndia, 1916-21. Chiang Kai-shek, Generalissirno, 1887-1975: soldier and statesman, ruler of China from 1928 to 1949, and subsequentlly head of a Chinese Government in exile on Taiwan. Chiang Kai-shek (Soong Mei-ling), Madame, born 1897: sister of Madame Sun Yat-sen; married Chiang Kai-shek in 1927; in 1943 she addressed the joint session of the V.S. Congress - the first Chinese and seeond woman to do so. Chintamani, C. Y., 1880-1941: editor of the Leader (Allahabad); a Liberal Minister in the V.P. Government, 192 I - 3; President of the National Liberal Federation of India in 1920 and 1931. Chundrigar, Ismail Ibrahim, 1897-1960: leader of the Provineial Mus­ lim League in Bombay in I 940S and the League's member ofthe Interim Government from Oetober 1946 to August 1947.
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