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RAHARISOLONJANAHARY Rindraniaina Sylvie PROJET D

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RAHARISOLONJANAHARY Rindraniaina Sylvie PROJET D UNIVERSITE D’ANTANANARIVO DOMAINE SCIENCES ET TECHNOLOGIE MENTION SCIENCES DE LA TERRE ET DE L’ENVIRONNEMENT PARCOURS RESSOURCES MINERALES ET ENVIRONNEMENT Mémoire De fin d’étude pour l’obtention du Diplôme de Master 2 Parcours : Ressources Minérales et Environnement PROJET D’EXPLOITATION D’OR PAR DRAGUE SUCEUSE DANS LE LIT DE LA RIVIERE LOHARIANDAVA : CARACTERISATION DES PARAMETRES MINIERS, ENVIRONNEMENTAUX ET SOCIAUX Présentée par RAHARISOLONJANAHARY Rindraniaina Sylvie Soutenu le 5 Aout 2016 Devant les membres de jury Président du jury : Professeur RAKOTONDRAZAFY Raymond Rapporteur : Docteur RANDRIAMALALA René Paul Examinateurs : -Docteur RASOAMIARAMANANA Armand -Docteur RAMBOLAMANANA Voahangy UNIVERSITE D’ANTANANARIVO DOMAINE SCIENCES ET TECHNOLOGIE MENTION SCIENCES DE LA TERRE ET DE L’ENVIRONNEMENT PARCOURS RESSOURCES MINERALES ET ENVIRONNEMENT Mémoire De fin d’étude pour l’obtention du Diplôme de Master 2 Parcours : Ressources Minérales et Environnement PROJET D’EXPLOITATION D’OR PAR DRAGUE SUCEUSE DANS LE LIT DE LA RIVIERE LOHARIANDAVA : CARACTERISATION DES PARAMETRES MINIERS, ENVIRONNEMENTAUX ET SOCIAUX Présentée par RAHARISOLONJANAHARY Rindraniaina Sylvie Soutenu 5 Aout 2016 Devant les membres de jury Président du jury : Professeur RAKOTONDRAZAFY Raymond Rapporteur : Docteur RANDRIAMALALA René Paul Examinateurs : -Docteur RASOAMIARAMANANA Armand -Docteur RAMBOLAMANANA Voahangy DEDICACE A ma mère RAHARINELINA Nirinarisoa Jeannette. A la mémoire de mon père RAKOTONDRAZANANY, qui voudrait bien y assister, mais fut parti avant l’heure. Ceci marque que j’ai pu réaliser son rêve. A mes sœurs : Patricia, Hanitra et Hortense. A mes frères : José Alain et Setra. A mes beaux-frères : Roméo et Ndriana A mes neveux et nièces : Jordie, Tommy, Steven, Fanaiky, Miangaly, Mioty et Mirindra. A ma grand-mère : RAVAOARINELINA. A tous ceux qui m’a enseigné durant mes parcours. A mes cousins (es) A toute ma famille. A mes collègues. A mes amis (es) REMERCIEMENTS A DIEU pour la force, la connaissance et sa puissance Mes remerciements s’adressent particulièrement à Messieurs et Madame : Le Professeur RAHERIMANDIMBY Marson Professeur Titulaire, Doyen de la Faculté des Sciences de l’Université d’Antananarivo. Le Professeur RAKOTONDRAZAFY Raymond Vice-Doyen de la Faculté des Sciences, Enseignant à la Faculté des Sciences. D’avoir présidé et d'avoir bien voulu se joindre au jury et aussi pour sa contribution aux expériences en pétrographie. Le Docteur ANDRIAMAMONJY Solomampiely Alfred Maître de conférences, Responsable de Mention Sciences de la Terre et de l’Environnement, Enseignant à la Faculté des Sciences. Le Docteur RANDRIAMALALA René Paul Maître de conférences, Enseignant à la Faculté des Sciences. D’avoir contribué avec enthousiasme aux différentes expériences, pour son aide régulière et pour sa grande disponibilité. Le Docteur RASOAMIARAMANANA Armand Maître de conférences, Enseignant à la Faculté des Sciences. D’avoir accepté de faire partie de mon jury et qui m'a soutenu constamment dans le traitement des données morphoscopiques. Le Docteur RAMBOLAMANANA Voahangy Maître de conférences à l’Université d’Antananarivo D’avoir accepté de prêter attention à mon travail et de m'avoir accordé un temps précieux pour relire très attentivement ce manuscrit. Je tiens aussi à exprimer mes sincères remerciements envers les personnes ci-après: - Tous les enseignants et le personnel technique et administratif du département des Sciences de la Terre et de l’Environnement. - Monsieur Tsito, technicien du laboratoire de pétrologie - Monsieur RAKOTONDRAMANANA Fidinjarasoa, technicien du laboratoire des mines. i - Monsieur RAKOTOMAHEFA David, analyste programmeur, pour l’aide considérable qu’il m’a apportée à plusieurs reprises en termes de documentation et conseils. - RAKOTOARIMALALA Rivoarinjaka et RATSIMANIVA Jackson Omer Elysé pour leur sens de l’humour au milieu des pires difficultés matérielles. - Mes collègues Valery, Alpha Safidy, Lanto, Mirah, et Nadia. Je n’oublie pas Monsieur RAZANADRAHONA Arthur, titulaire du permis pour ses précieux aides et conseils ainsi que la famille RAZANAPARANY Bruno Laurent pour leur accueil chaleureux au cours de mes descentes sur terrain. Ma mère chérie dont l’appuie ne s’est jamais démentie, à tous les membres de la famille qui m’ont soutenu moralement et financièrement. Enfin, je tiens à remercier infiniment, à tous ceux qui ont contribué de près ou de loin à l’élaboration de ce mémoire pour leur amitié et leur collaboration. ii TABLE DES MATIERES DEDICACE ................................................................................................................................ 4 REMERCIEMENTS ................................................................................................................... i TABLE DES MATIERES ........................................................................................................ iii LISTE DES ACRONYMES ...................................................................................................... v LISTE DES FIGURES ............................................................................................................. vii LISTE DES TABLEAUX ......................................................................................................... ix INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................... 1 CHAPITRE I : GENERALITES .............................................................................................. 2 I-1- CARACTERISATION DE L’OR ................................................................................... 2 I-1-1- Les propriétés de l’or ................................................................................................ 2 I-1-2-Les gisements d’or dans le monde ............................................................................. 2 I-1-3- Les gisements d’or à Madagascar ............................................................................. 3 I-2-CADRAGE DU PROJET ................................................................................................. 4 I-2-1-Localisation ............................................................................................................... 4 I-2-2-Cadre géographique ................................................................................................... 5 I-2-3-Géologie régionale ..................................................................................................... 7 I-2-4-Cadre juridique .......................................................................................................... 9 I-3-METHODE D’APPROCHE POUR LA REALISATION DU MEMOIRE .................. 10 CHAPITRE II : ETUDE QUANTITATIVE ET QUALITATIVE DU GISEMENT DES LITS DE RIVIERES DE LOHARIANDAVA .................................................................................. 11 II-1-ETUDE STRATIGRAPHIQUE ET PETROGRAPHIQUE SECTORIELLE .............. 11 II.1.1- Les formations magmatiques ................................................................................. 11 II.1.2-Les formations métamorphiques ............................................................................. 14 II.2- ETUDE GEOTECTONIQUE DU SECTEUR ............................................................. 16 II-2-1-Approche géotectonique par le système de télédétection ....................................... 16 II-2-2-Contrôle géotectonique par le réseau hydrographique ........................................... 18 II-3-MODE DE GISEMENT ET MINERALISATION EN OR DANS LE LIT DE LA RIVIERE LOHARIANDAVA ............................................................................................. 20 II.3.1- Origine de la minéralisation en or dans le secteur ................................................. 20 II.4-ETUDE MINERALOGIQUE ET MORPHOSCOPIQUE DE L’OR DE LOHARIANDAVA .............................................................................................................. 26 II.4.1- Matériels et méthode .............................................................................................. 26 II.4.2- Résultats ................................................................................................................. 27 II-5-ESTIMATION QUANTITATIVE DU GISEMENT DES LITS DE LA RIVIERE DE LOHARIANDAVA .............................................................................................................. 29 II-5-1-Essai de calcul de réserve : ..................................................................................... 29 iii II-5-2-Extension du gisement : ......................................................................................... 30 CHAPITRE III : RESULTATS CONCERNANT L’EFFICACITE DE LA METHODE PAR DRAGUE SUCEUSE .............................................................................................................. 31 III.1- DESCRIPTION DE LA METHODE D’EXPLOITATION PAR DRAGUE ............ 31 III-1-1-Etape 1 : L’extraction ............................................................................................ 32 III-1-2-Etape 2 : La séparation ......................................................................................... 33 III -1-3-Etape 3: La récupération ..................................................................................... 34 III-2-LE PROGRAMME ANNUEL D’ACTIVITES POUR L’EXPLOITATION PAR DRAGUE .............................................................................................................................
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