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Direktiv S L 4 fi <? W8/f? Ohje _ __ Direktiv Sl 4.2 Guide &*£&%•?'•• V.. Säteilyturvakeskus Strälsäkerhetscentralen Finnish Centre for Radiation and Nuclear Safety FINNISH CENTRE FOR RADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY ST 4.2 6 June 1991 Radiation Meters for Civil Defence 1 General 3 2 Universal Survey Meter 3 3 Basic Survey Meter 4 4 Dosimeters 5 4.1 Quartz Fiber Dosimeter 5 4.2 Electronic Dosimeter 5 5 Installed Meters for Environmental Monitoring 5 6 Bibliography 6 Appendix A Radiation Characteristics of Ambient Dose Equivalent (Rate) Meters Appendix B Electrical, Mechanical and Environmental Characteristics of Ambient Dose Equivalent (Rate) Meters Appendix C Electromagnetic Susceptibility This ST Guide takes effect on 1 January 1992 and will remain in force until further notice. Helsinki 1994 Erweko Painotuote ISBN 951-47-9513-X ISSN 0789-4511 Authorization The Finnish Centre for Radiation and Nuclear Safety (STUK) issues general guides according to § 70 paragraph 2 of the Radiation Act (592/91) in order to achieve the safety levei mentioned in the Act. Translation. Original text in Finnish. FINNISH CENTRE FOR RADIATION ST 4.2 AND NUCLEAR SAFETY Table 1. General requirements for the uni­ 1 General versal survey meter. Because of their specific application, radia­ tion meteis used in civil defence must meet Characteristics Requirement technical requirements that are slightly dif­ ferent from the present standards of radiation Lower limit of the meters. The aim of the requirements is to range of dose rates < 0.1 uSv/b guarantee sufficient measurement accuracy and reliable operation even in extreme en­ Upper limit of Ute vironmental conditions. Whenever possible range of dose rates >10 Sv/h the requirements laid down in this guide are based on the following international stand­ Lower limit of the ards: range of doses < 1 MSV Upper limit of the IEC 846 "Beta, X and Gamma Radia­ range of doses >10 Sv tion Dose Equivalent and Dose Equivalent Rate Meters for Use in Sealing IP 65* Radiation Protection" 1} Standard SFS 2972 with the interpre­ IEC 1017-1 "Portable, Transportable tation that there shall be no water or Installed X or Gamma Radiation inside the enclosure after the test. Ratemeters for Environmental Moni­ toring. Part 1: Ratemeters" and on the draft standard Additional requirements: IEC 45 B (Secretariat) 104 "Direct The meter must be easy to use. It must Reading, Personal Dose Equivalent be applicable for outdoor use (for and/or Dose Equivalent Rate Monitors cold, damp or dark environments). It for X, Gamma and High Energy Beta must be well protected against electro­ Radiation". magnetic interference and easy to decontamine with soap and water. The Ministry of the Interior confirms the applicability of the meters for use in civil The meter must be equipped with a defence. plug-in unit for a probe intended for the measurement of surface con­ tamination. The sensitivity (the lowest 2 Universal Survey detectable surface activity) for high- energy beta emitters (^Y/^Sr) must be Meter 4 Bq/cm2. The detection threshold is considered to be exceeded if the in­ The measurement quantities are the ambient crease in indication caused by the sur­ 2 dose equivalent rate (in short, dose rate) and face activity 4 Bq/cm is at least three the ambient dose equivalent (in short, dose). times higher than the standard devia­ The universal >urvey meter is intended for tion of background readings at the many measurement purposes and for a wide dose rate of 0.2 uSv/h. range of dose rates. General requirements for the universal survey meter are given in The batteries must be of a type that is Table 1. listed to be kept in stock for emer­ gencies. 3 FINNISH CENTRE FOR RADIATION ANO NUCLEAR SAFETY ST 4.2 There must be a continuous audio an analogous display for the rapid signal in the meter for easy observa­ observation of changes in dose rate or tion of dumges in dose rate or in sur­ in surface activity. face activity. The accessories must be designed for long- The range of dose rates for which the term storage and outdoor transportation. meter is intended must be clearly marked on the meter. The unit (e.g. Tables on performance characteristics and uSv/h or mSv/h) must be clearly seen performance testing are presented in Appen­ either from the switchboard or from dices A to C the display. The dose memory must not become empty when the meter is switched off 3 Basic Survey Meter or its batteries are changed. The measurement quantities are the ambient There must be a clear logic in the dose equivalent rate (in short, dose rate) and setting of various operations. The the ambient dose equivalent (in short, dose). change of a probe or any similar General requirements for the basic survey measure shall not cause operational meter are given in Table 2. errors which could endanger safety. It must be possible to switch the alarm Table 2. General requirements for the basic thresholds off when the continuous survey meter. audio signal is in use. In addition to the above requirements, it is Characteristics Requirement recommended that the meter should be Lower limit of the equipped with: range of dose rates < 0.1 uSv/h a long-stemmed probe to measure Upper limit of the high dose rates from a distance range of dose rates >10 mSv/h" a sensitive probe to search for low- Lower limit of the activity radiation sources distributed on range of doses <1 uSv a wide area Upper limit of the a sensitive probe to measure volume range of doses >1 Sv activity from food samples etc. (may be the same probe as above). Sealing IP 54* >} The limit is based on technical Further, it is recommended that there should points of view. A wider range up be in the meter: to higher doses is recommendable. 2) Standard SFS 2972 with the in­ a connection plug to the power net terpretation that there shall be no water inside the enclosure after a clear alarm signal which is switched the test. on when the dose rate or the dose exceeds a preset threshold, and 4 FINNISH CENTRE FOR RADIATION ST 4.2 AND NUCLEAR SAFETY h addition: The sealing class must be at least IP 54, according to standard SFS 2972 with the The batteries must be of a type that is interpretation that there shall be no water listed to be kept in stock for emerg­ inside the enclosure after the test. encies. The temperature dependence of the meter There must be a continuous audio response shall not exceed ± 20 % in the signal in the meter for easy obser­ temperature range -30 to +55 °C. vation of changes in dose rate. The requirements concerning performance Tables on performance characteristics and characteristics and performance testing are performance testing are presented in Appen­ presented in the draft standard IEC 45 B dices A to C. (Secretariat) 104. The requirements are available from the Finnish Centre for Radia­ tion and Nuclear Safety, on request. Dosimeters Quartz Fiber Dosimeter 5 Installed Meters The measurement quantity is the personal for Environmental dose equivalent* (in short, dose). The range Monitoring of doses shall be 0 to 500 mSv. The measurement quantities are the ambient The relative intrinsic error shall not exceed dose equivalent rate (in short, dose rate) and + 20 %. The increase in indication caused the ambient dose equivalent (in short, dose). by leakage current shall not be more than General requirements for the installed meters SO mSv, when the dosimeter is stored for for environmental monitoring are given in seven days at room temperature. Table 3. Other quality tests specified in standard In addition to the above requirements, the ISO 4071** can also be carried out for the instruments should comply with the follow­ quartz fiber dosimeter. The user's manuals of ing recommendations: the dosimeters should specify at which values of the ambient quantities (temperature, hu­ There should be a plug-in unit in the midity, etc.) the meters will pass the tests. central part of the system to control an air sampler which starts when the dose Electronic Dosimeter rate exceeds a preset value. The measurement quantity is the personal The central parts of the system (e.g. dose equivalent* (in short, dose). A suitable a microcomputer) should meet the range of doses is 1 \iSv to 10 Sv. requirements of standard EEC 950. Tables on performance characteristics and * The quantities intended for pocket and portable performance testing are presented in Appen­ radiation meters differ because of the attenuation dices A to C. and backscatter of radiation in the body (see items 2, 3 and 5). The difference is insignificant in typical radiation measurements for civil defence. ** Under revicing, will be replaced by ISO 11934. 5 FINNISH CENTRE FOR RADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY ST 4.2 Table 3. General requirements for the in­ 3 ISO 4071. Exposure Meters and Dosi­ stalled meters for environmental monitoring. meters - General Methods for Testing. 4 IEC 1017-1. Portable, Transportable or Characteristics Requirement Installed X or Gamma Radiation Rate- meters for Environmental Monitoring. Part Lower limit of the 1: Ratemeters. range of dose rates < 0.1 nSv/h 5 IEC 45 B (Central Office) 103 (draft, Upper limit of the later DEC 1017-2). Portable or Installed X range of dose rates >10 Sv/h or Gamma Radiation Equipment for Envi­ ronmental Monitoring. Part II: Integrating Lower limit of the Assemblies. iange of doses < 0.1 nSv 6 IEC 68 - 2. Part 2: Basic Environmental Upper 'imit of the Testing ProceoVes. Tests: 68-2-1 CoM, range of doses >10 Sv 68-2-2 Dry heat 68-2-3 Damp Heat Steady State, 68-2-6 Vibration, 68-2-27 Sealing of the probe IP65W Shock.
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