1968 Technical Highlights of the National Bureau of Standards
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TECHNICAL HIGHLIGHTS 196B U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE / National Bureau of Standards UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE C. R. Smith, Secretary John F. Kincaid, Assistant Secretary for Science and Technology NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS A. V. Astin, Director 1968 Technical Highlights of the National Bureau of Standards Institute for Basic Standards Institute for Materials Research Institute for Applied Technology Center for Radiation Research Annual Report, Fiscal Year 1968 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.G. 20402 - Price $1 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 6-23979 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1 Management Progress 1 Center for Radiation Research Created. Reorganization of Boulder Laboratories. New Institute Directors Named. Special Programs 3 Research Associate Program. Foreign Scientist Visitation Program. Utilization of Federal Laboratories 5 Legislative Report 6 Flammable Fabrics Act. Fire Research and Safety Act. Standard Reference Data Act. TWO KEY STANDARDS PROGRAMS 9 The National Standard Reference Data System 9 History of the Program 10 Responsibilities of NBS. Operation of the System. General Status of the Program. The Standard Reference Data Act. International Cooperation. Current Data Project Activity 19 Nuclear Properties. Atomic and Molecular Properties. Thermodynamic and Transport Properties. Solid State Properties. Chemical Kinetics. Colloid and Surface Properties. Data Systems Design and Development 24 Information Services 25 The Standard Reference Materials Program 26 History of the Program 26 Current Activity 33 INSTITUTE FOR BASIC STANDARDS 39 Physical Quantities 39 International Base Units 40 Length. Time and Frequency. Temperature. Electric Cur- rent. Fundamental Physical Constants. Mechanical Quantities 47 Electrical Quantities—D.C and Low Frequency 49 Electrical Quantities—Radio Frequency 51 High Frequency Region. Microwave Region. Electro- magnetic Field Standards. New Calibration Services. Thermal Quantities 56 Photometric and Radiometric Quantities 57 iii INSTITUTE FOR BASIC STANDARDS—Continued Physical Properties 61 Atomic and Molecular Properties. Solid State Properties. Thermodynamic and Transport Properties. Applied Mathematics 72 Technical Assistance to Others 73 Studies for Other Groups. Conferences and Symposia. INSTITUTE FOR MATERIALS RESEARCH 79 Preparation and Characterization of Materials 79 Preparation , 79 Synthesis. Crystal Growth. Characterization 83 Composition. Structure. Data on the Properties of Materials 98 Mechanical Properties and Strength oj Materials 98 Reactivity and Corrosion 102 Thermodynamics and Kinetic Data 105 Electric, Magnetic, and Optical Properties 113 Technical Assistance to Others 119 Advisory and Consulting Services 119 Conferences and Symposia 120 INSTITUTE FOR APPLIED TECHNOLOGY 123 Technological Measurements and Standards 123 Building Technology 124 Automatic D ata Processing 128 ADP Standards. Consultative and Advisory Services. Research. Computer Services. Electronic Technology 132 Systems Analysis 134 Motor Vehicle Safety 135 Tire Systems. Occupant Restraint Systems. Braking Systems. Engineering Materials 137 Engineering Standards 139 Technological Innovation and Diffusion 142 Invention and Innovation 142 The Clearinghouse 143 CENTER FOR RADIATION RESEARCH 145 Radiation Measurement and Standards 145 Nuclear Physics Research 148 Facilities Operations 150 Technical Assistance to Others 152 Studies for Other Agencies. Conferences. APPENDIXES 155 Organization of the National Bureau of Standards 155 Summary of NBS Staff 161 Financial Data 162 iv APPENDIXES—Continued Research Associates and Guest Workers 162 Advisory Committees 165 Statutory Visiting Committee 165 Technical A dvisory Panels 166 Awards and Honors 171 Education, Training, and University Liaison 171 Publications 174 Publications in the Bureau's Series 174 Publication in Outside Journals 183 Patents 210 v INTRODUCTION Management Progress The National Bureau of Standards has continuing responsibility in a number of areas under terms of the Organic Act which created it in 1901 and through subsequent amendments to the Act. In addition, as a result of changing technology and through special legislative acts, new and expanding activities have been undertaken over the years. Changes in Bureau activity have occasionally resulted in redirection of admin- istrative and management emphasis ; the most recent major reorganiza- tion came in 1964 with the formation of four Institutes to encompass the various activities that existed at that time. The significant changes that have taken place in the past fiscal year are discussed below. In each case, the change was designed to make the Bureau more responsive to needs of the commercial, scientific, and industrial groups which it serves. Center for Radiation Research Created A Center for Radiation Research was formed to provide more effec- tive management of the Bureau's large radiation facilities, previously under two different Institutes in the NBS structure. With all of its major radiation-producing machines under central management the Bureau will be able (1) to provide special services to all of its programs, (2) to carry out more vigorous basic research and (3) to share its unique resources with other Government agencies and with universities. Special radiation facilities at KBS include a ten megawatt nuclear research reactor and a 100 million electron volt linear accelerator, as well as a number of other radiation-producing machines and sources. These facilities, especially the large machines, are used in a wide variety of studies by various units in the Bureau, and are available to the Government and academic communities of the Washington area. NBS studies cover radiation measurement and standards, basic nature of matter and radiation, and the effects of radiation on matter and materials. The new Center for Radiation Research is composed of a Reactor Radiation Division, Linac Radiation Division, Nuclear Radiation Divi- sion, and Applied Radiation Division. 1 Reorganization of Boulder Laboratories During the fiscal year the NBS Boulder, Colo., Laboratories were unified, under a single, local management for the first time since 1964, when the Bureau's programs were divided up between the Institute for Basic Standards (IBS), the Institute for Materials Research (IMR), the Institute for Applied Technology (IAT), and the Central Radio Propagation Laboratory (CRPL). The last has since become part of the Environmental Science Services Administration. A reorganization which began in midyear was completed June 30, bringing all of the Boulder elements into the NBS Institute for Basic Standards, organized to provide "the central national basis for a com- plete, consistent system of physical measurement, coordinated with those of other nations." Transfer of the Boulder Cryogenics Division into IBS and the appointment of a Deputy Director for IBS-Boulder to direct the activ- ities of five research divisions and the services of three support divi- sions, created a common bond in fulfilling the IBS assignment to develop and maintain standards for physical quantities and for the measurement of physical properties. New Institute Directors Named New Directors for the three NBS Institutes were named during the year. The average age of the new Directors is 44, indicative of manage- ment policy to fill senior positions with young persons who are scientifi- cally well qualified but also attuned to the expanding and changing role of science and technology in the Nation. Dr. Ernest Ambler, Chief of the NBS Inorganic Materials Division was named to head the Institute for Basic Standards. Dr. Ambler, a Briton by birth, came to the United States in 1953, and joined NBS the same year. He began performing magnetic research and nuclear orientation studies at temperatures approaching absolute zero and, within eight months after coming to the Bureau, completed the first nuclear alinement experiments to be conducted in the United States. Dr. Ambler received his B.A., M.A., and Ph. D. degrees at Oxford University in 1945, 1949 and 1953. He shared in the 1964 Samuel Wes- ley Stratton Award for work demonstrating that the quantum me- chanical law of parity conservation does not hold in weak interactions. He was also honored for this work with a Department of Commerce Gold Medal Award in 1957, the Washington Academy of Sciences Award in 1957, and the John Price Wetherill Medal of the Franklin Institute in 1962. In 1960, Dr. Ambler was named one of the ten out- standing young men in the Federal Government, receiving the Arthur S. Fleming Award in recognition of his outstanding work in science. 2 Dr. John D. Hoffman heads the Institute for Materials Research. He has been with NBS since 1954, when he joined the Polymer Structure Section as a physical chemist. In 1956, a Dielectrics Section under Dr. Hoffman's direction was established to investigate such areas as dielec- tric properties of polymers, precision dielectric measurements, and theoretical studies on relaxation phenomena in molecular crystals. In 1964 he was named Polymers Division Chief. Dr. Hoffman received his B.S. in chemistry at Franklin and Marshall College in 1942 ; and in 1948 and 1949, he received his M.S. and Ph. D. degrees in physical chemistry from Princeton University. Dr. Hoffman was presented the 1967 Samuel Wesley Stratton Award. He was corecipient, in 1961 of an NBS Special Act of Service Award. The Washington Academy of Sciences awarded him a certificate