Guide to the Cuthbert C. Hurd Papers X2772.2004
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Lynn Conway Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Emerita University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2110 [email protected]
IBM-ACS: Reminiscences and Lessons Learned From a 1960’s Supercomputer Project * Lynn Conway Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Emerita University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2110 [email protected] Abstract. This paper contains reminiscences of my work as a young engineer at IBM- Advanced Computing Systems. I met my colleague Brian Randell during a particularly exciting time there – a time that shaped our later careers in very interesting ways. This paper reflects on those long-ago experiences and the many lessons learned back then. I’m hoping that other ACS veterans will share their memories with us too, and that together we can build ever-clearer images of those heady days. Keywords: IBM, Advanced Computing Systems, supercomputer, computer architecture, system design, project dynamics, design process design, multi-level simulation, superscalar, instruction level parallelism, multiple out-of-order dynamic instruction scheduling, Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, VLSI design. 1 Introduction I was hired by IBM Research right out of graduate school, and soon joined what would become the IBM Advanced Computing Systems project just as it was forming in 1965. In these reflections, I’d like to share glimpses of that amazing project from my perspective as a young impressionable engineer at the time. It was a golden era in computer research, a time when fundamental breakthroughs were being made across a wide front. The well-distilled and highly codified results of that and subsequent work, as contained in today’s modern textbooks, give no clue as to how they came to be. Lost in those texts is all the excitement, the challenge, the confusion, the camaraderie, the chaos and the fun – the feeling of what it was really like to be there – at that frontier, at that time. -
6.0.119 Plot Subroutine for FORTRAN with Format 1620-FO
o o o DECK KEY PLOT SUBROUTlNE 1. FORTRAN Plot Demonstration Deck to Read FOR FORTRAN Values from and Compute the Sine, Cosine WITH FORMAT and Natural Log (1620-FO-004 Version 1) 2. Plot Subroutine Program Deck 3. Plot Subroutine Source Deck 4. Plot Subroutine Demonstration Data Deck Author: Edward A. VanSchaik IBM Corporation 370 W. First Street Dayton, Ohio . "7 Plot Subroutine for FORTRAN with Format (1620-FO-OO4 Version 1) Author: Edward A. VanSchaik IDM Corporation Plot Subroutine of IBM 1620 FORTRAN with Format 3'70 West First Street Dayton 2, Ohio INTRODUCTION Direct Inquiries To: Author Since many IBM 1620 applications are in areas where a rough plot of the results can be quite useful, it was felt that a subroutine incorporated into A. Purpose/Description: This program presents a subroutine which can be FORTRAN was necessary. GOTRAN provides a statement for plotting easily used in FORTRAN for plotting single or multiple curves without requiring a separate program and a knowledge of GOTRAN language. This the GOTRAN problem of determining which curve has the lower magnitude. write-up presents a subroutine which can be easily used in FORTRAN for Also this method can be used to generate the curves on cards for off-line plotting single or multiple curves without the GOTRAN problem of detf;'lr printing. mining which curve has the lower magnitude. Also this method can be used to generate the curves on cards for off-line printing. B. Method: N/A METHOD OF USE C. Restrictions and Range: Normally a range of 0-'70 should be the limitation for typewriter output since the carriage can handle only 80 to 85 positions. -
A Study for the Coordination of Education Information and Data Processing from Kindergarten Through College
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 035 317 24 EM 007 717 AUTHOR Keenan, W. W. TTTLR A Study for the Coordination of Education Information and Data Processing from Kindergarten through College. Final Report. INSTITUTION Minnesota National Laboratory, St. Paul. SDONS AGENCY Office of Education (DREW), Washington, D.C. Bureau of Research. BUREAU NO BR-8-v-001 PUB DATE Sep 69 GRANT OEG-6-8-008001-0006 NOTE 165p. EDRS PRICE EDRS Price MF-$0.75 HC-$8.35 DESCRIPTORS Computer Oriented Programs, *Educational Coordination, Educational Planning, *Electronic Data Processing, Feasibility Studies, Indexing, Institutional Research, *State Programs, *State Surveys ABSTPACT The purpose of this project was to study the feasibility of coordinating educational information systems and associated data processing efforts. A non-profit organization, representing key educational agencies in the state of Minnesota, was established to advise and guide the project. A statewide conference was held under the auspices of the Governor to mobilize interest, to provide and disseminate information, and to do preliminary planning. A status study was conducted which covered all institutions in the state and included hardiare utilized, plans, training of staff and special projects and efforts that might be underway. On the basis of the conference, the status study, and subsequent meetings, a basic overall plan for the coordination and development of information systems in education in the state of Minnesota was completed and disseminated. Appendixes include a report on the conference, the status report, and the resultant state plan. (JY) 4 FINAL REPORT Project No. 8-F-001 Grant No. OEG-6 -8 -008001-0006 A STUDY FOR THE COORDINATION OF EDUCATION INFORMATION AND DATA PROCESSING- FROM KINDERGARTEN THROUGH COLLEGE W. -
Systems Simulator Programming Language for the Ibm 1620 Computer
A SYSTEMS SIMULATOR PROGSAMMING LANGUAGS FOR THE IBM 1620 COMPUTER by THOMAS ALLEN liTEBB III B. S. , Kansas State University, I965 A MASTER'S THESIS submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree MASTER OF SCIENCE Department of Industrial Engineering KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY Manhattan, Kansas 1966 Approved by: Major Professor t-p 2(;6»? r4 \lO(f U/ 3(^ C. X . , Oom m-ey-^ TABLE OP CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1 FOHTBAH II k DECISION SYSTEMS 1? RANDOM NUMBERS 2? IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MODIFIED PROCESSOR 30 TRIAL PROGRAMS 36 CONCLUSION UrO FIGURES 42 APPENDIX 1 91 APPENDIX 2 109 BIBLIOGEAPHY 137 ''] ''} ^ : : yj '"'"' \' '- ... ^ '^. \ *, - - T - \ IHTRODUCTION Through simulation the performance of an orcanizatlon or some part of an orcanization can be represented over a certain period of time (Martin, I96I). This is accomplished by devising mathe- matical models representing the components of the organization and 'oroviding decision systems for these components to represent the various interrels-tionships. A digital computer may be used to progress through the model for various intervals of time, paus- ing at the end of each interval to compute the interactions be- ti.'cen certain components. In this way it is possible to obtain a "simulated" history of the organization under certain specified conditions. By changing the conditions and repeating the process it is possible to compare various parameters or decision systems. In -this manner it is possible to experiment with changes in an organization without affecting the actual organization being studied. Eandon variations are characteristic of many organizations. In many situations, the randomness is so essential that the com- mon simplifying technique of using average values simply "assumes away" the problem. -
Museum Monthly Reports
.J LI j' .. ... ' .J t / . oJ , EXHIBITS AND AR~HJVES D::::PhRTIV1Et\'Y' -- OCTOBER '83 REPORT STAFFING: "'1eredith Stelling, Cooro i na tor Gregory Welch, Operations Manager/Research Bill Wisheart , Registr~r/Photo and Video Archives Beth Par kh urst, Re search RECENT ARTIFACT AC0UISITIONS (since October 1, 1983): X239. 83 Monr oe High Speed Adding Calculator, gift of Lee Swanson. X240.83 Vari-typer, gift of Lee Swanson. X241.83 HP-65 Programmable Calculator, gift of Stephen and Barbara Gross. X241.83 BIAX memory cores, gift of G.B. Westrom. X243.83 - X259.83 The University of Illinios Department of Computer Science Collection of Drawing Instruments, Slide Rules, Calculators and Circuit Boards. X243.83 Smith's Im proved Protactor. 7 X246.83 ILLIAC III Ci rcuit Boards. /o X2~7. 83 ILLIAC II Ci r cuit Board. /0 X250.e3 Keuffel & Esser Cylind rical Slide Rule. ? X260.83 - X274.83 The SAGE AN/SFQ-7 computer. Gi ft of The National 1'1useum of Science and Technology, Ontario. X2r,r . 83 1/2 naste r console ~ C5l5U X2f,} . [;3 "· ,o.onet j c Dr U':l Uni t. 5. (f(5D ~ I X2',2 . P3 IRM 7J8 printer. /C1t7 X2 G ~ . 83.1':>, - E 5 RAda r Operato r's Consoles. ~~ 107.J7.J X7r.t. £'3.Z>. - E 5 Auxiliary Consoles. -------6?:!O/02J7..) X2C,S . 83?l, - E 5 Operator's Chairs. 50 I X7 :- F. f' 3 I RIv! 2 G Car d Pu n c h . / CJ7) X767 . S3 IB"'1 723 Ca rd Recorne r. -
Introduction to Computer Data Representation
Introduction to Computer Data Representation Peter Fenwick The University of Auckland (Retired) New Zealand Bentham Science Publishers Bentham Science Publishers Bentham Science Publishers Executive Suite Y - 2 P.O. Box 446 P.O. Box 294 PO Box 7917, Saif Zone Oak Park, IL 60301-0446 1400 AG Bussum Sharjah, U.A.E. USA THE NETHERLANDS [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Please read this license agreement carefully before using this eBook. Your use of this eBook/chapter constitutes your agreement to the terms and conditions set forth in this License Agreement. This work is protected under copyright by Bentham Science Publishers to grant the user of this eBook/chapter, a non- exclusive, nontransferable license to download and use this eBook/chapter under the following terms and conditions: 1. This eBook/chapter may be downloaded and used by one user on one computer. The user may make one back-up copy of this publication to avoid losing it. The user may not give copies of this publication to others, or make it available for others to copy or download. For a multi-user license contact [email protected] 2. All rights reserved: All content in this publication is copyrighted and Bentham Science Publishers own the copyright. You may not copy, reproduce, modify, remove, delete, augment, add to, publish, transmit, sell, resell, create derivative works from, or in any way exploit any of this publication’s content, in any form by any means, in whole or in part, without the prior written permission from Bentham Science Publishers. 3. The user may print one or more copies/pages of this eBook/chapter for their personal use. -
Advanced Computer Techniques (ACT)
Report to the Computer History Museum on the Information Technology Corporate Histories Project Professional Services Sector Advanced Computer Techniques (ACT) Company Details Name: Advanced Computer Techniques (ACT) Sector: Professional Services Description Charles Lecht founded ACT in 1962 with a capital investment of $800 and a $100,000 contract from Univac to fix problems in the compiler for its LARC computer. It went public in 1968 and by 1979 had revenues of nearly $16.5 million. Facilitators Luanne Johnson Statistics Contributors (0), Events (3), Stories (0), Documents (2), References (1), Discussions (0 threads, 0 posts) Entered By: Luanne Johnson October 25, 2007 Contributors Contributor Luanne Johnson Date Joined October 25, 2007 Job Description Luanne Johnson is a Co-Chair of the Software Industry Special Interest Group at the Computer History Museum. Statistics Documents (2) , References (1) Date Entered February 22, 2011 Timeline 1962 Milestones ACT is founded by Charles Lecht (1962) Charles Lecht founds Advanced Computer Techniques (ACT) with a capital investment of $800 and a $100,000 contract from Univac to fix problems in the compiler for its LARC computer. Related References The Computer Establishment Report to the Computer History Museum on the Information Technology Corporate Histories Project Professional Services Sector 1968 Milestones ACT goes public (1968) ACT goes public in 1968. Related References The Computer Establishment 1979 Milestones ACT has revenues of nearly $16.5 million (1979) In fiscal 1979, ACT has -
Computer Based Acquisitions System at Texas A&I
1 COMPUTER BASED ACQUISITIONS SYSTEM AT TEXAS A&I UNIVERSITY .. Ned C. MORRIS: Texas A&I University, Kingsville, Texas. In September, 1966, a system was initiated at the University which pro vides for the use of automatically produced multiple orders and for the use of change cards to update order information on previously placed orders already on disk storage. The system is geared to an IBM 1620 Central Processing Unit (40K) which has processed a total of 10, 222 order transactions the first year. It is believed that the system will lend itself to further development within its existing framework and that it will be capable of handling future work loads. In 1925, the library at Texas A&l University (first known as South Texas State Teachers College and later as Texas College of Arts and Industries) had an opening day collection of some 2,500 volumes. By the end of August, 1965, the library's collection had grown to 142,362 volumes, in cluding 3,597 volumes purchased that year. The book budget doubled in September of 1965, and the acquisitions system was severely taxed as the library added by purchase a total of 6,562 volumes. After one full year under the mechanized system discussed below, a total of 9,062 vol umes had been added by purchase. Counting gifts, transfers, and cancel lations, the computer actually handled 10,222 order transactions the first year. The computer-based acquisitions system now in operation was initiated in September of 1966, eleven months after the decision was made to ~echanize the process. -
A History of the Personal Computer Index/11
A History of the Personal Computer 6100 CPU. See Intersil Index 6501 and 6502 microprocessor. See MOS Legend: Chap.#/Page# of Chap. 6502 BASIC. See Microsoft/Prog. Languages -- Numerals -- 7000 copier. See Xerox/Misc. 3 E-Z Pieces software, 13/20 8000 microprocessors. See 3-Plus-1 software. See Intel/Microprocessors Commodore 8010 “Star” Information 3Com Corporation, 12/15, System. See Xerox/Comp. 12/27, 16/17, 17/18, 17/20 8080 and 8086 BASIC. See 3M company, 17/5, 17/22 Microsoft/Prog. Languages 3P+S board. See Processor 8514/A standard, 20/6 Technology 9700 laser printing system. 4K BASIC. See Microsoft/Prog. See Xerox/Misc. Languages 16032 and 32032 micro/p. See 4th Dimension. See ACI National Semiconductor 8/16 magazine, 18/5 65802 and 65816 micro/p. See 8/16-Central, 18/5 Western Design Center 8K BASIC. See Microsoft/Prog. 68000 series of micro/p. See Languages Motorola 20SC hard drive. See Apple 80000 series of micro/p. See Computer/Accessories Intel/Microprocessors 64 computer. See Commodore 88000 micro/p. See Motorola 80 Microcomputing magazine, 18/4 --A-- 80-103A modem. See Hayes A Programming lang. See APL 86-DOS. See Seattle Computer A+ magazine, 18/5 128EX/2 computer. See Video A.P.P.L.E. (Apple Pugetsound Technology Program Library Exchange) 386i personal computer. See user group, 18/4, 19/17 Sun Microsystems Call-A.P.P.L.E. magazine, 432 microprocessor. See 18/4 Intel/Microprocessors A2-Central newsletter, 18/5 603/4 Electronic Multiplier. Abacus magazine, 18/8 See IBM/Computer (mainframe) ABC (Atanasoff-Berry 660 computer. -
EMEA Headquarters in Paris, France
1 The following document has been adapted from an IBM intranet resource developed by Grace Scotte, a senior information broker in the communications organization at IBM’s EMEA headquarters in Paris, France. Some Key Dates in IBM's Operations in Europe, the Middle East and Africa (EMEA) Introduction The years in the following table denote the start up of IBM operations in many of the EMEA countries. In some cases -- Spain and the United Kingdom, for example -- IBM products were offered by overseas agents and distributors earlier than the year listed. In the case of Germany, the beginning of official operations predates by one year those of the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company, which was formed in 1911 and renamed International Business Machines Corporation in 1924. Year Country 1910 Germany 1914 France 1920 The Netherlands 1927 Italy, Switzerland 1928 Austria, Sweden 1935 Norway 1936 Belgium, Finland, Hungary 1937 Greece 1938 Portugal, Turkey 1941 Spain 1949 Israel 1950 Denmark 1951 United Kingdom 1952 Pakistan 1954 Egypt 1956 Ireland 1991 Czech. Rep. (*split in 1993 with Slovakia), Poland 1992 Latvia, Lithuania, Slovenia 1993 East Europe & Asia, Slovakia 1994 Bulgaria 1995 Croatia, Roumania 1997 Estonia The Early Years (1925-1959) 1925 The Vincennes plant is completed in France. 1930 The first Scandinavian IBM sales convention is held in Stockholm, Sweden. 4507CH01B 2 1932 An IBM card plant opens in Zurich with three presses from Berlin and Stockholm. 1935 The IBM factory in Milan is inaugurated and production begins of the first 080 sorters in Italy. 1936 The first IBM development laboratory in Europe is completed in France. -
Some Sign I Ficant New Applications of Computers
SOME SIGN IFICANT NEW APPLICATIONS OF COMPUTERS Mathematical Models of Air Traffic Control Systems Management and Control By Exception Automated Information Processing Assistance For Military Systems (Part 1 ) NOVEMBER 1961 • VOL. 10 - . NO. 11 ."I•• H( AD "W INFINITUM 8y~ ord t. :l all You can solve your computer problems quickly and economically by using our 32K-word storage IBM 704. the our Whether you need long or short runs, they can be readily scheduled on our machine at the same attractive dat rate for every shift-$275 per hour, including all peripheral equipment and the services of our experienced tod operators - Bring your program to us and work in our Client's Room between runs-or mail us your program "8: 8Yf with instructions for running it and we will mail back the printout within 24 hours - or simply leave your rep entire problem in the hands of our capable mathematical analysts and programmers whose skills can be relied upon _ If you need pipe stress, structural stress, flow analysis, or curve fitting, one of our 2eneral programs might well be just what you are looking for - To take advantage of our prompt, efficient computer NC services, call us collect, New London, Conn., Hilltop 5-4321, Ext. 1449. Wire or write: Electric Boat, Groton, Conn. GENERAL DVNAMIC~,.I ELECTRIC BOAT GI I I D COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for November, 1961 co ncr, Vest lrp., sing staI, . Y. ally, An am [nc., om- lCOll lrp., ling ,Ito, ich. cir- eIcI, 'A alII, 30S ical ate, 30s star Ol esty rep. -
SEC News Digest, 03-24-1969
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION ~~~~ lIDil@J!~~ A brief summary of financial proposals filed with and actions by the S.E.C. ( In ordering full text of Releases from SEC Publications Unit cite number) (Issue No. 69-56) FOR R E LEA SE _-,Ha=c...=c!!.h..,.!!2:=4..........;1~9~6L9 _ SEC AMENDS TEMPORARY RULES RELATING TO TENDER OFFERS. ETC. The SEC today announced the adoption of amendments to its rules under Sections 13(d), 13(e), 14(d) and 14(f) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Those sections of the Act relate to matters such as the acquisition of equity securities by the issuer thereof or other persons, the invitation of tender offers, and changes in the majority of the directors of a company. The amended rules require the filing of eight copies of all material required to be fUed with the CommiSSion under those sections. Previously the number of copies to be filed was not specified. (Release 34-8556) CENTRAL POWER & LIGHT RECEIVES ORDER. The SEC haa issued a second supplemental order under the Holding Company Act (Release 35-16321) authorizing Central Power and Light Company ("CP&L"), a Corpus Chriati subSidiary of Central and South West Corporation, Wilmington, Del. holding company, to increase the &aOunt of notes it may sell to the parent from $11,000,000 to $20,000,000 to be outstanding at anyone time. CP&L will use the funds to finance temporarily its construction program. HARTFORD FUND RECEIVES ORDER. The SEC haa issued an order under the Investment Company Act (Relea.e IC-5639) exempting Hartford Mutu'll Investment Fund, Inc., Hartford, Conn., from the $100,000 min1mu1llnet worth and certain other provisions of the Act.