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The Main Chapel of the Durres Amphitheater Decoration and Chronology1
SPIOX - B1: MFA092 - cap. 13 - (1ª bozza) MEFRA – 121/2 – 2009, p. 569-595. The main chapel of the Durres amphitheater Decoration and chronology1 Kim BOWES and John MITCHELL The amphitheater at Durres in central Albania series of limited excavations to clarify the is one of the larger and better preserved building’s post-Roman and Byzantine chronology, amphitheaters of the Roman world, as well as one we completed an in-depth study of the mosaic of the eastern-most examples of the amphitheater chapel, its structure and decoration (fig. 1). form. Nonetheless, it is not for its Roman architecture that the building is best known, but ANCIENT DYRRACHIUM AND ITS AMPHITHEATER its later Christian decoration, specifically, a series of mosaics which adorn the walls of a small chapel Named Epidamnos by its Greek founders and inserted into the amphitheater’s Roman fabric. Dyrrachium by the Romans, Durres was the First published by Vangel Toçi in 1971, these principal city of Epirus Vetus and the land mosaics were introduced to a wider scholarly terminus of the Via Egnatia, the road that audience through their inclusion in Robin throughout late antiquity and the Byzantine Cormack’s groundbreaking 1985 volume Writing period linked Rome to Constantinople.3 Durres in Gold.2 Despite the mosaics general renowned, also sat on a major Adriatic trade route linking the however, they have been studied largely as northern Greek Islands to Dalmatia and northern membra disjecta, cut off from their surrounding Italy. Thus, like Marseilles or Thessaloniki, Durres context, both architectural and decorative. was a place where road met sea and the cultural 6In 2002 and 2003, the authors and a team of currents of east and west mingled. -
A New Model to Modernize U.S. Infrastructure
Bridging the Gap Together: A New Model to Modernize U.S. Infrastructure May 2016 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS BPC staff produced this report in collaboration with a distinguished group of senior advisors and experts. BPC would like to thank Aaron Klein, Fellow, Economic Studies and Policy Director, Initiative on Business and Public Policy, the Brookings Institution, and the council’s staff for their contributions and continued support. In addition, BPC thanks all the organizations and individuals who participated in the research and contributed to the council’s roundtables and regional forums for their feedback. EXECUTIVE COUNCIL ON INFRASTRUCTURE 7KH([HFXWLYH&RXQFLORQ,QIUDVWUXFWXUHLVDZRUNLQJJURXSRIFRUSRUDWH&(2VDQGH[HFXWLYHVGUDZQIURPWKHÀQDQFLDOLQGXVWULDO logistics, and services industries. The council has developed recommendations to help facilitate increased private sector investment in U.S. infrastructure. DISCLAIMER This report is a product of the BPC Executive Council on Infrastructure, whose membership includes executives of diverse RUJDQL]DWLRQV7KHFRXQFLOUHDFKHGFRQVHQVXVRQWKHVHUHFRPPHQGDWLRQVDVDSDFNDJH7KHÀQGLQJVDQGUHFRPPHQGDWLRQV expressed herein do not necessarily represent the views or opinions of the council member companies, the members of the Political Advisory Group, the Bipartisan Policy Center’s founders or its board of directors. 1 Executive Council on Infrastructure Doug Peterson President and CEO, S&P Global Co-Chair, Executive Council on Infrastructure Susan Story President and CEO, American Water Co-Chair, Executive Council on Infrastructure Eric Cantor Vice Chairman and Managing Director, Moelis & Co. Former House Majority Leader Patrick Decker President and CEO, Xylem Inc. Michael Ducker President and CEO, FedEx Freight Jack Ehnes &KLHI([HFXWLYH2IÀFHU&DOLIRUQLD6WDWH7HDFKHUV· Retirement System (CalSTRS) Jane Garvey Chairman of North America, Meridiam P. Scott Ozanus Deputy Chairman and COO, KPMG Suzanne Shank Chairman and CEO, Siebert Brandford Shank & Co., LLC 2 Political Advisory Group Haley Barbour Former Governor Steve Bartlett Former U.S. -
Transport Infrastructure Development Performance
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia Engineering 178 ( 2017 ) 319 – 329 16th Conference on Reliability and Statistics in Transportation and Communication, RelStat’2016, 19-22 October, 2016, Riga, Latvia Transport Infrastructure Development Performance Oksana Skorobogatova, Irina Kuzmina-Merlino* Transport and Telecommunication Institute, 1 Lomonosova str., Riga, LV-1019, Latvia Abstract Transport infrastructure is an integral part of the transport system of any city or state. In connection with the development of society and intensification of international relations due to the globalization processes, the importance of transport as a factor for economic and social development has enhanced. Various aspects of the activities related to the development of transport infrastructure have increasingly become the objects of scientific researches. Transportation as an economic factor is a measure of economic activity and at the same time transportation is a reflection of economic activity. So, the questions about transport infrastructure performance measurement and relationship between transport infrastructure and economic growth are the subjects for discussions in both academic and non-academic circles. This paper highlights the role of the transportation industry in economic development of Latvia, describes the concept of transport infrastructure as an important part of the state transport system, and estimates the employed international approaches to the measurement of performance of transport infrastructure development. The article focuses on the necessity for the development of the methodology of measuring the transport infrastructure performance, that should be applied systematically and that would be generally helpful to all responsible people making transportation-related decisions. © 20172017 The The Authors. Authors. Published Published by Elsevierby Elsevier Ltd. -
Why Is Infrastructure Important? 23
Why Is Infrastructure David Alan Aschauer* As the decade of the 1990s begins, new challenges present them- selves to the citizenry of the United States. Among the most important are concerns about the environment, economic productivity, and inter- national competitiveness, and a rearrangement of standing strategic military relationships. Our future quality of life, economic prosperity, and security depend crucially on how we choose to meet these new challenges. The apparent failure of the communist economic system and the associated relaxation of Cold War tensions offer the potential for a significant reallocation of the nation’s resources from military to other uses. A crucial question then arises whether these resources should be channeled to the private sector, effecting overall government expendi- ture reduction, or kept within the public sector, thereby inducing an alteration in the composition of government spending. The first direction, expenditure reduction, certainly has merit to a broad class of individuals. Many would point to the fact that total federal government outlays, expressed relative to gross national product, rose from 14.8 percent in 1950 to 21.6 percent in 1980 and, in 1989, to 21.8 percent. Others would point to the persistence of federal budget deficits. To both groups, expenditure reduction would be of benefit to economic performance, either by reducing the overall scale of govern- ment activity in the economy or by allowing a reduction in interest rates and an expansion in domestic investment activity. *Formerly Senior Economist, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, and now Elmer W. Campbell Professor of Economics, Bates College. 22 David Alan Aschauer But the second direction, expenditure reorientation, may also have merit. -
Pakistan Country Reader
PAKISTAN COUNTRY READER TABLE OF CONTENTS David D. Newsom 1947-1950 Information Officer, USIS, Karachi Merritt N. Cootes 1947-1949 Acting Principal Officer, Lahore 1949-1951 Public Affairs Officer, Karachi James W.S. Spain 1951-1953 Cultural Affairs Officer, USIS, Karachi 1969 Chargé d’Affaires, Islamabad William J. Crockett 1952-1954 Administrative Officer, Karachi Roy O. Carlson 1953-1954 Vice Consul, Dacca Edward E. Masters 1953-1954 Political Officer, Karachi John O. Bell 1955-1957 Chief of U.S. Operations Mission, ICA, Karachi Jane Abell Coon 1957-1959 Political Officer, Karachi Michael P.E. Hoyt 1957-1959 Administrative / Consular Officer, Karachi Ridgway B. Knight 1957-1959 Minister Counselor, Karachi Charles E. Marthinsen 1957-1959 Economic/Commercial Officer, Dacca Stanley D. Schiff 1957-1959 Economic Officer, Karachi Dennis Kux 1957-1960 Economic Officer, Karachi 1969-1971 Political Officer, Islamabad Royal D. Bisbee 1958-1961 Branch Public Affairs Officer, Lahore Christopher Van Hollen 1958-1961 Political Officer, Karachi, Rawalpindi, and Islamabad William M. Rountree 1959-1962 Ambassador, Pakistan William E. Hutchinson 1959-1963 Deputy Public Affairs Officer, USIS, Karachi L. Bruce Laingen 1960-1964 Political Officer, Karachi 1965-1967 Office Director, Pakistan and Afghanistan Affairs, Washington, DC 1971-1973 Country Director for Pakistan and Afghanistan, Washington, DC Ben Franklin Dixon 1962-1964 Political-Military Assistant, Karachi Archer K. Blood 1962-1964 Political Officer and Deputy Principal Officer, Dacca 1970-1971 Consul General, Dacca R. Grant Smith 1963-1964 Rotation Officer, Karachi 1970-1972 India Desk Officer, Washington, DC Maurice Williams 1963-1967 Director, USAID, Karachi Raymond C. Ewing 1964-1966 Executive Assistant, USIS, Lahore Raymond Malley 1964-1969 Assistant Director, USAID, Karachi Jordan Thomas Rogers 1965-1968 Economic Counselor, Karachi 1968-1969 Deputy Chief of Mission, Rawalpindi C. -
Olympic Infrastructure—Global Problems of Local Communities on the Example of Rio 2016, Pyeongchang 2018, and Krakow 2023
sustainability Article Olympic Infrastructure—Global Problems of Local Communities on the Example of Rio 2016, PyeongChang 2018, and Krakow 2023 Bartosz Dendura Faculty of Architecture, Cracow University of Technology, 31-155 Kraków, Poland; [email protected]; Tel.: +48-12-374-2443 Received: 31 October 2019; Accepted: 18 December 2019; Published: 23 December 2019 Abstract: Every potential Olympic Games organiser assumers that the games they organise will be special, that they will help to set new, high standards both in the organisation of sports events themselves, as well as in the planning and carrying out of projects accompanying the games. Since the document entitled Agenda 21 was approved by the UN at the Earth Summit in 1992, environmental protection has become the mainstay of the discussion among the Olympic family, and the problem of sustainable planning has become one of the main features of published reports. The conclusion of the conference coincided with the Lillehammer Winter Olympics of 1994, which were praised as the first green games to be held, under the motto “White Green Games”. Four years prior, in Nagano, its organisers advertised the games with the slogan “Coexistence with nature”. London 2012, with its motto “Inspire a Generation”, highlighted the educational aspect of the events and the words “environment” and “sustainability” were on the lips of everyone everywhere in the context of every activity the organisers were undertaking. During Rio 2016, the motto was “Green Games for Blue Planet”. The goal of the article is to investigate whether these mottoes have been actually reflected in the measures taken by authorities and encompassing the period between proclaiming them as Games organisers, during the sports event itself, and during the post-Games period. -
Belmont Park Redevelopment Project Final Scope for Preparation of a Draft Environmental Impact Statement
Belmont Park Redevelopment Project Final Scope for Preparation of a Draft Environmental Impact Statement A. INTRODUCTION This document is the final scope of work (“Final Scope”) for a Draft Environmental Impact Statement (DEIS) to inform the environmental review process for the proposed redevelopment of two underutilized parcels (the “Project Sites”) located within Belmont Park in the unincorporated hamlet of Elmont, Town of Hempstead, Nassau County, NY. This Final Scope has been prepared to describe the Proposed Project (as defined below), present the proposed framework and methodologies for the DEIS analysis, and discuss the procedures to be followed in the preparation of the DEIS. The DEIS will be prepared pursuant to the State Environmental Quality Review Act (SEQRA) and its implementing regulations at 6 NYCRR Part 617. Empire State Development (ESD) is serving as the lead agency under SEQRA. A Draft Scope for the project was issued on February 27, 2018. Oral and written comments were received during the scoping meetings held by ESD on March 22, 2018 at Elmont Memorial Library at 700 Hempstead Turnpike, Elmont, NY 11003. Written comments were accepted from the issuance of the Draft Scope through the public comment period, which ended April 12, 2018. The majority of the comments relevant to the Draft Scope focused on: (1) potential health and safety concerns related to the proposed siting of a new electrical substation to serve the Proposed Project; (2) traffic generated by the proposed uses and associated pedestrian safety; (3) the adequacy of parking for the proposed uses; (4) infrastructure and community services capacity concerns; (5) buffers between the Project Sites, North Lot, and adjacent communities (6) visual and safety concerns related to the proposed height of the hotel; and (7) concerns about whether the hotel could include a casino. -
Professional Sports Facilities, Franchises and Urban Economic Development
Professional Sports Facilities, Franchises and Urban Economic Development UMBC Economics Department Working Paper 03-103 Dennis Coates Department of Economics University of Maryland, Baltimore County Brad R. Humphreys Department of Economics University of Maryland, Baltimore County Abstract Local political and community leaders and the owners of professional sports teams frequently claim that professional sports facilities and franchises are important engines of economic development in urban areas. These structures and teams allegedly contribute millions of dollars of net new spending annually and create hundreds of new jobs, and provide justification for hundreds of millions of dollars of public subsidies for the construction of many new professional sports facilities in the United Sates over the past decade. Despite these claims, economists have found no evidence of positive economic impact of professional sports teams and facilities on urban economies. We critically review the debate on the economic effects of professional sports and their role as an engine of urban economic redevelopment, with an emphasis on recent economic research. Economic Development and Sports On the surface, sports facilities and franchises appear to be prime candidates for economic development projects aimed at revitalizing urban neighborhoods. Unlike abstract economic development tools like tax credits and empowerment zones, sports facilities – stadiums, arenas, 2 football pitches, etc. – are highly visible structures. Sporting events are wildly popular throughout the world and widely understood and appreciated by residents of cities. In the United States, new sports facilities are frequently cited as important components of urban redevelopment initiatives and sources of considerable economic growth in terms of job creation and income generation. -
Towards Zero Energy Stadiums: the Case Study of the Dacia Arena in Udine, Italy
energies Article Towards Zero Energy Stadiums: The Case Study of the Dacia Arena in Udine, Italy Mattia Manni 1 , Valentina Coccia 1,2, Andrea Nicolini 1,2 , Guido Marseglia 3 and Alessandro Petrozzi 1,* 1 CIRIAF—Interuniversity Research Centre on Pollution and Environment “Mauro Felli”, 06125 Perugia, Italy; [email protected] (M.M.); [email protected] (V.C.); [email protected] (A.N.) 2 Department of Engineering, University of Perugia, 06125 Perugia, Italy 3 Research Department, Link Campus University of Rome, 00165 Rome, Italy; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +39-075-585-3806 Received: 13 July 2018; Accepted: 4 September 2018; Published: 11 September 2018 Abstract: The environmental impacts of sport events have been growing during the last decades, which has led to the organizing associations developing adequate countermeasures to both reduce carbon emissions due to construction and operational stages compensate for the emissions. This work aims at proposing an approach to stadiums energy enhancement that includes strategies largely recognized as effective and applicable to several building typologies (residential, commercial, academic, etc.). The selected case study is the Dacia Arena in northern Italy that has been recently refurbished and renovated. The proposed workflow has as a goal minimizing the increment of the operational emissions, caused by new heated areas in the stadium. Firstly, the energy consumption was estimated in dynamic state for Scenario 0 (current state) and Scenario 1 (refurbished state) to quantify the new plant’s energy demand. Secondly, two hypothetical system layouts were proposed and evaluated. In the first, the power for lighting, cooling and heating is supplied by a system that couples photovoltaic panels with heat pump. -
Cash, Political Institutions, Corruption, and Policy Gestalts
Policy Studies ISSN: 0144-2872 (Print) 1470-1006 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/cpos20 Explaining infrastructure underperformance in Brazil: cash, political institutions, corruption, and policy Gestalts Leslie Elliott Armijo & Sybil D. Rhodes To cite this article: Leslie Elliott Armijo & Sybil D. Rhodes (2017) Explaining infrastructure underperformance in Brazil: cash, political institutions, corruption, and policy Gestalts, Policy Studies, 38:3, 231-247, DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2017.1290227 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/01442872.2017.1290227 Published online: 10 Mar 2017. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 437 View Crossmark data Citing articles: 2 View citing articles Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=cpos20 POLICY STUDIES, 2017 VOL. 38, NO. 3, 231–247 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01442872.2017.1290227 Explaining infrastructure underperformance in Brazil: cash, political institutions, corruption, and policy Gestalts Leslie Elliott Armijoa and Sybil D. Rhodesb aSchool for International Studies, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC, Canada; bDepartment of Political Science and International Relations, Universidad del CEMA, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina ABSTRACT ARTICLE HISTORY Brazil’s infrastructure underperforms compared to that of peer Received 11 August 2016 emerging economies. Why? The political institutions of coalitional Accepted 17 January 2017 presidentialism with strong federalism undermine rational national KEYWORDS planning. Politicians’ incentives to distribute ‘pork’ combine with Infrastructure; Brazil; public sector-specific oligopoly characteristics, offering fertile ground for policy; political institutions; corruption. Yet the greatest challenge is low infrastructure coalitional presidentialism; investment, a consequence of weak private capital markets and clientelism; corruption; regulatory inconsistency. -
Arena District
Arena District Columbus, Ohio Project Type: Mixed Use/Multiuse Volume 37 Number 03 January–March 2007 Case Number: C037003 PROJECT TYPE Built on the site of a former penitentiary, the Arena District in downtown Columbus, Ohio, is a 75-acre (30.35-hectare) entertainment center with the 685,000-square-foot (63,639-square-meter) Nationwide Arena serving as its anchor. The arena is home to the National Hockey League’s Columbus Blue Jackets and the Arena Football League’s Columbus Destroyers. Developed to help transform the area into a 24/7 neighborhood, supportive retail and restaurants, a movie theater, office space, and residential units constitute the rest of the district in an architectural style that blends historic buildings and facades with new construction. The Arena District is the result of a public/private partnership among Nationwide Realty Investors, the Dispatch Printing Company, and the city of Columbus. LOCATION Central Business District SITE SIZE 75 acres/30.35 hectares LAND USES Mixed-Use District, Entertainment Center, Arena, Retail, Office Building(s), Condominiums, Multifamily Rental Housing KEYWORDS/SPECIAL FEATURES Urban Regeneration Public/Private Partnership Infill Development Adaptive Use DEVELOPER Nationwide Realty Investors Columbus, Ohio 614-857-2330 www.Arena-District.com ARCHITECT 360 Architects Columbus, Ohio 614-221-5407 www.360architects.com PLANNER MSI Design Columbus, Ohio 614-621-2796 www.msidesign.com GENERAL DESCRIPTION The Arena District is a 75-acre (30.35-hectare) master-planned neighborhood in downtown Columbus, Ohio. Originally home to the Ohio State Penitentiary, the site lay barren for more than a decade before it was purchased by Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company during the mid-1990s. -
Zumaia Footbridge
PEDESTRIAN BRIDGES 100 - ISSF STAINLESS STEEL IN BRIDGES Zumaia Footbridge Location: Zumaia, Spain Crosses: river Type: truss bridge for pedestrians Opened in: 2008 Materials: duplex stainless steel EN 1.4462, Outokumpu Stainless steel products: truss Architects: PEDELTA Photographs: Picture courtesy of PEDELTA More information: outokumpu.com Zumaia Footbridge. Picture courtesy of Outokumpu. Discover more possibilities with stainless steel in infrastructure PEDESTRIAN BRIDGES 101 - ISSF STAINLESS STEEL IN BRIDGES History the use of automobile traffic in the area, improving structure would not fit. The idea is to design a bridge the mobility of bicycles and pedestrians in the that enhances the natural value of the river and The bridge, located in front of the sports arena, urban district. In this bridge’s location, a town with understands its environment, instead of creating a has improved the pedestrian flow between the two a rich cultural memory and natural surroundings, useless or pointless landmark. banks of the river. The municipality wanted to avoid a sensationalist, exhibitionist or superfluous Zumaia Footbridge. Picture courtesy of Outokumpu. Why stainless steel? Pedelta’s proposal is a pure and sober structure, but with an innovating and challenging spirit. The bridge crosses a 28 m long channel and has a 5 m wide deck. The structural outline is clear and conceptually very simple: two Vierendeel trusses which function as a guardrail and where the lateral lighting and handrail is integrated. Pure simplicity. It is the first bridge structurally combining two high performance and corrosion-resistant materials: stainless steel and glass fiber reinforced polymers (GFRP). Pedelta received the Civil engineering mention award (2nd Prize) in Construmat Exhibition for the Zumaia hybrid (Stainless steel and GFRP) footbridge (2009).