DOCSLIB.ORG

International Relation and Organization

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

INTERNATIONAL RELATION AND ORGANIZATION BA [ Political Science ] Fifth Semester EDCN 803C [ENGLISH EDITION] Directorate of Distance Education TRIPURA UNIVERSITY Reviewer Dr Biswaranjan Mohanty Assistance Professor, Department of Political Science, SGTB Khalsa College, University of Delhi Authors: Miss Lianboi Vaiphei, Dr. Rajneesh Kumar Gupta and Pranav Kumar, (Units: 1.0-1.2, 1.4, 4.3, 4.4-4.4.1) © Reserved, 2017 Dr Sudhir Kumar Suthar, Nidhi Shukla & Shailza Singh, (Units: 1.3, 1.5-1.9, 3.3) © Reserved, 2017 Dr M.D. Tarique Anwer, (Units: 2.0-2.2, 2.4, 3.0-3.2, 3.5-3.9) © Reserved, 2017 Prakash Chandra, (Unit: 2.6, 2.6.1, 2.6.3-2.11) © Reserved, 2017 Dr S.S. Jaswal, (Unit: 3.4) © Dr S.S. Jaswal, 2017 Dr Namita Sahay, (Unit: 4.4.3-4.9) © Dr Namita Sahay, 2017 Vikas Publishing House, (Units: 2.3, 2.5, 2.6.2, 3.2.1-3.2.4, 4.0-4.2, 4.4.2) © Reserved, 2017 Books are developed, printed and published on behalf of Directorate of Distance Education, Tripura University by Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd. All rights reserved. No part of this publication which is material, protected by this copyright notice may not be reproduced or transmitted or utilized or stored in any form of by any means now known or hereinafter invented, electronic, digital or mechanical, including photocopying, scanning, recording or by any information storage or retrieval system, without prior written permission from the DDE, Tripura University & Publisher. Information contained in this book has been published by VIKAS® Publishing House Pvt. Ltd. and has been obtained by its Authors from sources believed to be reliable and are correct to the best of their knowledge. However, the Publisher and its Authors shall in no event be liable for any errors, omissions or damages arising out of use of this information and specifically disclaim any implied warranties or merchantability or fitness for any particular use. Vikas® is the registered trademark of Vikas® Publishing House Pvt. Ltd. VIKAS® PUBLISHING HOUSE PVT. LTD. E-28, Sector-8, Noida - 201301 (UP) Phone: 0120-4078900 • Fax: 0120-4078999 Regd. Office: 7361, Ravindra Mansion, Ram Nagar, New Delhi – 110 055 • Website: www.vikaspublishing.com • Email: [email protected] SYLLABI-BOOK MAPPING TABLE International Relation and Organization Syllabi Mapping in Book Unit-I Introduction to International Relations Unit 1: Introduction to 1. Nature and Scope of International Relations International Relations 2. Actors of International Society – The State and the Non-State Actors – Their Role in International Politics-Crisis in Territorial States 3. Concept of National Power-Elements of National Power Unit-II Foreign Policies of Various Countries Unit 2: Foreign Policies of 1. Definition of Foreign Policy – (Various Factors in Various Countries Shaping the Foreign Policy) Determinants of Foreign Policy: (a) Legislature (b) Public Opinion (c) Civil Services 2. National Interest – Role of National Interest in the Formulation of Foreign Policy of a Country 3. Instruments and Techniques of State Interaction (a) Propaganda (b) Diplomacy 4. Foreign Policy: India, UK, USA and China Unit-III Neocolonialism Unit 3: Neocolonialism 1. Post-Cold War Politics, Neocolonialism 2. Emergene of the Third World-Problems of the Third World Countries 3. Non-Aligned Movement, Universal Declaration of Human Rights Unit-IV International Organizations Unit 4: International 1. The League Covenant and the United Nations Organizations Charter Compared 2. Purposes and Principles of the UNO, UN Charter, Principal Organs of the UNO 3. International Organizations – SAARC, OPEC, WTO, IMF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1 UNIT 1 INTRODUCTION TO INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS 3-35 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Unit Objectives 1.2 Nature and Scope of International Relations 1.3 Actors of International Society—The State and the Non-State Actors—their Role in International Politics—Crisis in Territorial States 1.3.1 Emergence of Non-State Actors in International Relations 1.4 Concept of National Power—Elements of National Power 1.5 Summary 1.6 Key Terms 1.7 Answers to ‘Check Your Progress’ 1.8 Questions and Exercises 1.9 Further Reading UNIT 2 FOREIGN POLICIES OF VARIOUS COUNTRIES 37-156 2.0 Introduction 2.1 Unit Objectives 2.2 Definition of Foreign Policy—Various Factors in Shaping the Foreign Policy 2.3 Determinants of Foreign Policy: Legislature, Public Opinion and Civil Services 2.4 National Interest-Role of National Interest in the Formulation of Foreign Policy of a Country 2.5 Instruments and Techniques of State Interaction: Propaganda and Diplomacy 2.5.1 Propaganda 2.6 Foreign Policy: India, UK, USA and China 2.6.1 India’s Foreign Policy 2.6.2 United Kingdom’s Foreign Policy 2.6.3 USA’s Foreign Policy 2.6.4 China’s Foreign Policy 2.7 Summary 2.8 Key Terms 2.9 Answers to ‘Check Your Progress’ 2.10 Questions and Exercises 2.11 Further Reading UNIT 3 NEOCOLONIALISM 157-203 3.0 Introduction 3.1 Unit Objectives 3.2 Post-Cold War Politics 3.2.1 Neocolonialism 3.2.2 Emergence of the Third-World Problems of the Third World Countries 3.2.3 New International Economic Order 3.2.4 International Economic Imbalance and Structural Adjustment 3.3 Non-Alignment Movement 3.4 Universal Declaration of Human Rights 3.5 Summary 3.6 Key Terms 3.7 Answers to ‘Check Your Progress’ 3.8 Questions and Exercises 3.9 Further Reading UNIT 4 INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS 205-257 4.0 Introduction 4.1 Unit Objectives 4.2 The League Covenant and the United Nations Charter Compared 4.2.1 The League Covenant 4.2.2 The United Nations Organization 4.3 Purposes and Principles of the UNO, UN Charter, Principal Organs of the UNO 4.4 International Organizations 4.4.1 SAARC 4.4.2 OPEC 4.4.3 WTO 4.4.4 IMF 4.5 Summary 4.6 Key Terms 4.7 Answers to ‘Check Your Progress’ 4.8 Questions and Exercises 4.9 Further Reading Introduction INTRODUCTION International relations, as the name suggests, is the study of relationships between NOTES various nations. The interaction of nations, institutions, cultures and ethnicities is relevant to everyone because everybody is affected by the decisions made by governments and learning about these issues helps in the better understanding of the world around. Since the 1970s, the study of international relations has been marked by a renewed debate about the relationship between structures and institutions in international systems. International financial institutions have different specific objectives and different areas of specialization and expertise. The enhanced partnership for sustainable growth and poverty reduction underscores the different core mandates of the IMF and the World Bank. Similarly, there are various international organizations which have been set up to promote not only good regional relation but to also provide a common platform for a global relationship. But the world is dynamic and the power relation between nations change all the time. This book is an effort to understand the manner in which international relations are forged and maintained. This book is written in a self-instructional format and is divided into four units. Each unit begins with an Introduction to the topic followed by an outline of the Unit objectives. The content is then presented in a simple and easy-to-understand manner, and is interspersed with Check Your Progress questions to test the reader’s understanding of the topic. A list of Questions and Exercises is also provided at the end of each unit, and includes short-answer as well as long-answer questions. The Summary and Key Terms section are useful tools for students and are meant for effective recapitulation of the text. Self-Instructional Material 1 Introduction to UNIT 1 INTRODUCTION TO International Relations INTERNATIONAL NOTES RELATIONS Structure 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Unit Objectives 1.2 Nature and Scope of International Relations 1.3 Actors of International Society—The State and the Non-State Actors— their Role in International Politics—Crisis in Territorial States 1.3.1 Emergence of Non-State Actors in International Relations 1.4 Concept of National Power—Elements of National Power 1.5 Summary 1.6 Key Terms 1.7 Answers to ‘Check Your Progress’ 1.8 Questions and Exercises 1.9 Further Reading 1.0 INTRODUCTION In an increasingly globalized world, the study of international relations becomes a significant field of study. This field of study is an amalgamation of issues, initiatives, cooperation based on varied subjects like history, law, science, environment, trade and economics etc. International relations then as a subject, reflects the study of relations between nations. But before the nuances of the relations between economies are determined, it is important to also study the concept of nation states and the elements which make one country more powerful than another. In this unit, you will study about the nature and scope of international relations; actors of international society including both state and non-state actors and their roles in the international politics, and the concept and elements of national power. 1.1 UNIT OBJECTIVES After going through this unit, you will be able to: • Discuss the nature and scope of international relations • Describe the role of state and non-state actors of international society in international politics • Assess the emergence of non-state actors in international relations • Analyse the concept and elements of national power Self-Instructional Material 3 Introduction to International Relations 1.2 NATURE AND SCOPE OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS NOTES Even though international relations (as a subject of study) has fascinated many scholars for several centuries, it has evolved as a distinct discipline only in the 17th century. The discipline came into being in the West, under the Latin term intergentes (meaning international).
Recommended publications
  • Peace Corps Romania Survival Romanian Language Lessons Pre-Departure On-Line Training

    Peace Corps Romania Survival Romanian Language Lessons Pre-Departure On-Line Training

    US Peace Corps in Romania Survival Romanian Peace Corps Romania Survival Romanian Language Lessons Pre-Departure On-Line Training Table of Contents………………………………………………………………………. 1 Introduction……………………………………………………………………………… 2 Lesson 1: The Romanian Alphabet………………………………………………… 3 Lesson 2: Greetings…………………………………………………………………… 4 Lesson 3: Introducing self…………………………………………………………… 5 Lesson 4: Days of the Week…………………………………………………………. 6 Lesson 5: Small numbers……………………………………………………………. 7 Lesson 6: Big numbers………………………………………………………………. 8 Lesson 7: Shopping………………………………………………………………….. 9 Lesson 8: At the restaurant………………………………………………………..... 10 Lesson 9: Orientation………………………………………………………………… 11 Lesson 10: Useful phrases ……………………………………………………. 12 1 Survival Romanian, Peace Corps/Romania – December 2006 US Peace Corps in Romania Survival Romanian Introduction Romanian (limba română 'limba ro'mɨnə/) is one of the Romance languages that belong to the Indo-European family of languages that descend from Latin along with French, Italian, Spanish and Portuguese. It is the fifth of the Romance languages in terms of number of speakers. It is spoken as a first language by somewhere around 24 to 26 million people, and enjoys official status in Romania, Moldova and the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina (Serbia). The official form of the Moldovan language in the Republic of Moldova is identical to the official form of Romanian save for a minor rule in spelling. Romanian is also an official or administrative language in various communities and organisations (such as the Latin Union and the European Union – the latter as of 2007). It is a melodious language that has basically the same sounds as English with a few exceptions. These entered the language because of the slavic influence and of many borrowing made from the neighboring languages. It uses the Latin alphabet which makes it easy to spell and read.
  • The Main Chapel of the Durres Amphitheater Decoration and Chronology1

    The Main Chapel of the Durres Amphitheater Decoration and Chronology1

    SPIOX - B1: MFA092 - cap. 13 - (1ª bozza) MEFRA – 121/2 – 2009, p. 569-595. The main chapel of the Durres amphitheater Decoration and chronology1 Kim BOWES and John MITCHELL The amphitheater at Durres in central Albania series of limited excavations to clarify the is one of the larger and better preserved building’s post-Roman and Byzantine chronology, amphitheaters of the Roman world, as well as one we completed an in-depth study of the mosaic of the eastern-most examples of the amphitheater chapel, its structure and decoration (fig. 1). form. Nonetheless, it is not for its Roman architecture that the building is best known, but ANCIENT DYRRACHIUM AND ITS AMPHITHEATER its later Christian decoration, specifically, a series of mosaics which adorn the walls of a small chapel Named Epidamnos by its Greek founders and inserted into the amphitheater’s Roman fabric. Dyrrachium by the Romans, Durres was the First published by Vangel Toçi in 1971, these principal city of Epirus Vetus and the land mosaics were introduced to a wider scholarly terminus of the Via Egnatia, the road that audience through their inclusion in Robin throughout late antiquity and the Byzantine Cormack’s groundbreaking 1985 volume Writing period linked Rome to Constantinople.3 Durres in Gold.2 Despite the mosaics general renowned, also sat on a major Adriatic trade route linking the however, they have been studied largely as northern Greek Islands to Dalmatia and northern membra disjecta, cut off from their surrounding Italy. Thus, like Marseilles or Thessaloniki, Durres context, both architectural and decorative. was a place where road met sea and the cultural 6In 2002 and 2003, the authors and a team of currents of east and west mingled.
  • General Assembly Distr.: General 18 August 2015

    General Assembly Distr.: General 18 August 2015

    United Nations A/70/194 General Assembly Distr.: General 18 August 2015 Original: English Seventieth session Request for the inclusion of a supplementary item in the agenda of the seventieth session Observer status for the International Conference of Asian Political Parties in the General Assembly Letter dated 11 August 2015 from the representatives of Australia, Cambodia, Japan, Nepal, the Philippines, the Republic of Korea and Sri Lanka to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General We, the undersigned, have the honour to request, in accordance with rule 14 of the rules of procedure of the General Assembly, the inclusion in the agenda of the seventieth session of the General Assembly a supplementary item entitled “Observer status for the International Conference of Asian Political Parties in the General Assembly”. The International Conference of Asian Political Parties (ICAPP) was launched in Manila, the Philippines, in September 2000 to build bridges of political cooperation and to establish networks of mutual benefit among mainstream political parties in Asia, both ruling and in opposition. Over its first decade, ICAPP has grown steadily in both membership and influence. As of June 2015, ICAPP ’s membership has reached more than 360 eligible political parties in 52 States and 1 territory in Asia. After establishing fraternal linkages and cooperation with the Permanent Conference of Political Parties in Latin America and the Caribbean (COPPPAL) in 2008, ICAPP has also been undertaking efforts to reach out to the political parties in other continents, and successfully helped political parties in Africa establish the Council of African Political Parties (CAPP) in 2013.
  • Why Is the Dollar Shrinking?

    Why Is the Dollar Shrinking?

    WHY THE DOLLAR IS SHRINKINO IRVING FISHER Econ5135 . 5 Harvard College Library WWECCLESIONES AE HARD DIANA ACAD TRISTO NOV AC SIX UM IN CHRTTIIS FROM THE QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS WHY - - WHY IS THE DOLLAR SHRINKING ? THE MACMILLAN COMPANY NEW YORK • BOSTON · CHICAGO · DALLAS ATLANTA • SAN FRANCISCO MACMILLAN & CO ., LIMITED LONDON • BOMBAY • CALCUTTA MELBOURNE THE MACMILLAN CO . OF CANADA , LTD . TORONTO WHY IS THE DOLLAR SHRINKING ? A STUDY IN THE HIGH COST OF LIVING BY IRVING FISHER PROFESSOR OF POLITICAL ECONOMY IN YALE UNIVERSITY AUTHOR OF " THE PURCHASING POWER OF , MONEY " " THE NATURE OF CAPITAĚ AND INCOME , " ETC , དར་ * New York THE MACMILLAN COMPANY 1914 All rights reserved Econ 5136 . 5 . : From the Quarterly Journal of Economics . COPYRIGHT , 1914 , BY THE MACMILLAN COMPANY . Set up , and elegrotyped . Published September , 1914 . O " Norwood Press J . 8 . Cushing Co . - Berwick & Smith Co . Norwood , Mass . , U . 8 . A . To SIR DAVID BARBOUR VETERAN ADVOCATE OF THE PRINCIPLES FOR WHICH THIS BOOK STANDS PREFACE PRESENT - DAY discussion on the high cost of living shows some bewilderment in the mind of the general public as to the mechanism by which the scale of money prices is determined . Few people realize that the principles determining the general scale of prices are quite distinct from the principles determining the individual prices themselves . Few realize , for instance , that the money price of any commodity has to do not only with that commod ity but also with money , and that , therefore , a monetary element enters into every price . The object of this book is to state , as simply as possible , the general principles which fix the scale of prices , and to show the manner in which these principles apply to the present “ high cost of living .
  • IGO Codebook V3 Short Copy.Pdf

    IGO Codebook V3 Short Copy.Pdf

    Codebook for Correlates of War 3 International Governmental Organizations Data Set Version 3.0 Jon Pevehouse Department of Political Science University of Wisconsin – Madison Roseanne McManus Department of Political Science Penn State University Timothy Nordstrom Department of Political Science University of Mississippi July 2019 1 I. Overview of the data sets The data in the Correlates of War IGO data sets capture state memberships in the network of international governmental organizations (IGOs). The expanded version 3.0 updates the original Wallace and Singer (1970) data set and version 2.1 to provide membership information from 1816- 2014. Similar to version 2.1, version 3.0 comprises three different data sets, each with a different unit of analysis. First, version 3.0a contains membership data based on the IGO-year unit of analysis. Thus, each line of data in 3.0a represents a specific IGO’s membership in a given year (e.g. the U.N. in 1970). Second, version 3.0b presents membership data based on the country-year. This data will allow the research to see which IGOs an individual country belonged to in any annual period (e.g. Canada in 1992). Finally, version 3.0c aggregates the individual country memberships into joint dyadic memberships. This version of the data set presents shared memberships for each dyad and which individual IGOs are included in a dyad’s membership profile (e.g., Thailand-India in 2000). II. Defining a Population of IGOs IGOs have become a ubiquitous part of international life. IGOs are created to deal with political, economic, social, cultural, and environmental problems.
  • The Latin Union Experience and the Lolr: the French Position

    The Latin Union Experience and the Lolr: the French Position

    Annual ESHET Conference Nicolas Barbaroux Antwerp - 2017- May 18-20 (First Draft- Do not quote) The Latin Union experience and the LoLR: the French position "These movements in the market for precious metals became the immediate cause, in 1865, of the so-called Latin Currency Union between France, Belgium, Switzerland and Italy (...) Other European countries had at that time, either a silver currency, as in Germany and Scandinavia or a depreciated paper currency, as in Austria and Russia. If those countries had gradually attached themselves to the Latin Union, with its free minting of silver and gold at a legally established ratio then the traditional ratio between gold and silver might possibly have been preserved. Adhesion to the Latin Union was, in fact, contemplated by Germany shortly before the outbreak of the war in 1870, but owing to the war the plan never came to fruition." (Wicksell, 1935 (1906): 38) 1. Introduction In the aftermath of the E.U sovereign debt crisis, a central bank's duties debate emerged among bankers and policymakers mostly in E.U. This fundamental debate started in 2013 when the Bundesbank appealed the European Central bank (ECB) to the European Court of Justice (ECJ) owing to the adoption of the 2012 Outright Monetary Transactions (OMT) program. Despite the 2015 June (16th) decision from ECJ, the German central bank saw this freedom of central bank's action as incompatible with the Maastricht Treaty, namely the no bailout rule (art.12). Beyond the ECJ's decision, the Germans (re)opened a structural controversy on the central bank's duty, among them the one of Lender of Last Resort (hereafter LoLR) when a monetary union is concerned.
  • A New Model to Modernize U.S. Infrastructure

    A New Model to Modernize U.S. Infrastructure

    Bridging the Gap Together: A New Model to Modernize U.S. Infrastructure May 2016 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS BPC staff produced this report in collaboration with a distinguished group of senior advisors and experts. BPC would like to thank Aaron Klein, Fellow, Economic Studies and Policy Director, Initiative on Business and Public Policy, the Brookings Institution, and the council’s staff for their contributions and continued support. In addition, BPC thanks all the organizations and individuals who participated in the research and contributed to the council’s roundtables and regional forums for their feedback. EXECUTIVE COUNCIL ON INFRASTRUCTURE 7KH([HFXWLYH&RXQFLORQ,QIUDVWUXFWXUHLVDZRUNLQJJURXSRIFRUSRUDWH&(2VDQGH[HFXWLYHVGUDZQIURPWKHÀQDQFLDOLQGXVWULDO logistics, and services industries. The council has developed recommendations to help facilitate increased private sector investment in U.S. infrastructure. DISCLAIMER This report is a product of the BPC Executive Council on Infrastructure, whose membership includes executives of diverse RUJDQL]DWLRQV7KHFRXQFLOUHDFKHGFRQVHQVXVRQWKHVHUHFRPPHQGDWLRQVDVDSDFNDJH7KHÀQGLQJVDQGUHFRPPHQGDWLRQV expressed herein do not necessarily represent the views or opinions of the council member companies, the members of the Political Advisory Group, the Bipartisan Policy Center’s founders or its board of directors. 1 Executive Council on Infrastructure Doug Peterson President and CEO, S&P Global Co-Chair, Executive Council on Infrastructure Susan Story President and CEO, American Water Co-Chair, Executive Council on Infrastructure Eric Cantor Vice Chairman and Managing Director, Moelis & Co. Former House Majority Leader Patrick Decker President and CEO, Xylem Inc. Michael Ducker President and CEO, FedEx Freight Jack Ehnes &KLHI([HFXWLYH2IÀFHU&DOLIRUQLD6WDWH7HDFKHUV· Retirement System (CalSTRS) Jane Garvey Chairman of North America, Meridiam P. Scott Ozanus Deputy Chairman and COO, KPMG Suzanne Shank Chairman and CEO, Siebert Brandford Shank & Co., LLC 2 Political Advisory Group Haley Barbour Former Governor Steve Bartlett Former U.S.
  • Congressional Record-Sen Ate

    Congressional Record-Sen Ate

    8718 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. SEPTEJ\IBER 19, from the files of the House1 without leaving copies, papers in the case We, therefore, think there is no merit in the proposition, and that of J. W. Chickering. it ought to be inde1initely postponed. LEA-VE OF ABSENCE. The renort was agreed to, and the joint resolution indefinitely post­ poned. 1\Ir. Fmm,. by unanimous consent, obtained indefinite leave of ab­ Mr. P ALUER, from the Committee on Commerce, reported an sence, on account of important business. amendment intended to be proposed to the ~eneral deficiency appro­ 'Ihe hour of 5 o'clock having arrived, the House, in accordance with priation bill; whi<'h was referred to the Committee on Appropriations. its standing order, adjourned. Mr. WILSON, of Maryland, from the Committee on Claims,. to whom were referred the following bills, reported them severally without PRIVATE BILLS INTRODUCED AND REFERRED. amendment, and submitted renorts thereon: · UndEJr the rnle private bills of the following titles were introduced A bill (H. R. 341) for the relief of John Farley; and and referred· as indicated below: A bill (S. 729) for the relief of J. A. Henry and others. By Mr. BLAND (by request): A bill (H. R. 11456) to pay Philip Mr. CHANDLER, fn>m the Select Committee on fud~an Traders, to Henke.Lfor property unlawfully confucateci and destroyed-to the Com­ whom was referred the bill (S. 3522) regulating th~ purchase of timber mittee on War Claims. from. Indians, reported it with an amendment.. l:y Air. BUTLEH.: A bill (H. R.
  • List of Chief Ministers Bombay and Maharashtra No Name Term of Office Party Days in Office Chief Ministers of Bombay State 1 B. G

    List of Chief Ministers Bombay and Maharashtra No Name Term of Office Party Days in Office Chief Ministers of Bombay State 1 B. G

    List of Chief Ministers Bombay and Maharashtra No Name Term of office Party Days in office Chief Ministers of Bombay State 1 B. G. Kher 15 August 1947 21 April 1952 1711 Days Morarji Desai 21 April 1952 31 October 1956 1654 Days 2 MLA for Bulsar Chikhli Indian National Congress Yashwantrao Chavan 1 November 1956 5 April 1957 1307 Days 3 MLA for Karad North 5 April 1957 30 April 1960 Chief Ministers of Maharashtra Yashwantrao Chavan 1 May 1960 19 November 1962 933 Days 1 MLA for Karad North Marotrao Kannamwar 20 November 1962 24 November 1963 370 Days 2 MLA for Saoli P. K. Sawant 25 November 1963 4 December 1963 10 Days 3 MLA for Chiplun 5 December 1963 1 March 1967 1548 Days Indian National Congress Vasantrao Naik 1 March 1967 13 March 1972 1840 Days MLA for Pusad 4 13 March 1972 20 February 1975 709 Days [Total 4097 Days] Shankarrao Chavan 21 February 1975 16 May 1977 816 Days 5 MLA for Bhokar 17 May 1977 5 March 1978 293 Days Vasantdada Patil 6 5 March 1978 18 July 1978 134 Days Sharad Pawar 18 July 1978 17 February 1980 Progressive Democratic Front 580 Days 7 MLA for Baramati Vacant 17 February 1980 8 June 1980 N/A 113 Days - (President's rule) Abdul Rehman Antulay 9 June 1980 12 January 1982 583 Days 8 MLA for Shrivardhan Babasaheb Bhosale 21 January 1982 1 February 1983 377 Days 9 MLA for Nehrunagar 6 Vasantdada Patil 2 February 1983 1 June 1985 851 Days [Total 1304 Days] Shivajirao Patil Nilangekar 3 June 1985 6 March 1986 277 Days 10 MLA for Nilanga Indian National Congress 5 Shankarrao Chavan 12 March 1986 26 June 1988 837 Days
  • STATEMENTS by MINISTERS (I) the Following Statements Were Made by Ministers During the Session: —

    STATEMENTS by MINISTERS (I) the Following Statements Were Made by Ministers During the Session: —

    STATEMENTS BY MINISTERS (I) The following Statements were made by Ministers during the Session: — Sl. Date Subject matter of the Statement Name of the Minister Time taken No. Hrs.Mts. 1. 07-07-2009 Anniversary of the attack on Indian Embassy in Shri S.M. Krishna 0-08 Kabul on the 7th July, 2008. 2. 09-07-2009 Significant developments in our neighbourhood. -do- 0-56 3. 14-07-2009 Accident at Delhi Metro site on the 12th July, Shri Saugata Ray 0-35 2009. 4. 17-07-2009 Regarding recent visits to Italy, France and Egypt. Dr. Manmohan Singh, 0-22 Prime Minister 5. 21-07-2009 Recent visit to India by the Secretary of State of Shri S.M. Krishna 0-39 the United States of America, Ms. Hillary Clinton. 6. 28-07-2009 Decisions taken by the board of Delhi Metro Rail Shri S. Jaipal Reddy 0-26 Corporation (DMRC) on the basis of the report of high-level committee that enquired into the accident at the DMRC construction site on the 12th of July, 2009. 7. 31-07-2009 Import of raw and white/refined sugar. Shri Sharad Pawar 0-40 06-08-2009 (II) The following Statements were laid by Ministers on the Table of the House during the Session: — Sl. Date Subject matter of the Statement Name of the Minister Time taken No. Hrs.Mts. 1. 10-07-2009 Status of implementation of recommendations Shri Srikant Jena 0-01 contained in the Twenty-seventh Report of the Department-related Parliamentary Standing Committee on Chemicals and Fertilizers, 2008-09.
  • Transport Infrastructure Development Performance

    Transport Infrastructure Development Performance

    Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia Engineering 178 ( 2017 ) 319 – 329 16th Conference on Reliability and Statistics in Transportation and Communication, RelStat’2016, 19-22 October, 2016, Riga, Latvia Transport Infrastructure Development Performance Oksana Skorobogatova, Irina Kuzmina-Merlino* Transport and Telecommunication Institute, 1 Lomonosova str., Riga, LV-1019, Latvia Abstract Transport infrastructure is an integral part of the transport system of any city or state. In connection with the development of society and intensification of international relations due to the globalization processes, the importance of transport as a factor for economic and social development has enhanced. Various aspects of the activities related to the development of transport infrastructure have increasingly become the objects of scientific researches. Transportation as an economic factor is a measure of economic activity and at the same time transportation is a reflection of economic activity. So, the questions about transport infrastructure performance measurement and relationship between transport infrastructure and economic growth are the subjects for discussions in both academic and non-academic circles. This paper highlights the role of the transportation industry in economic development of Latvia, describes the concept of transport infrastructure as an important part of the state transport system, and estimates the employed international approaches to the measurement of performance of transport infrastructure development. The article focuses on the necessity for the development of the methodology of measuring the transport infrastructure performance, that should be applied systematically and that would be generally helpful to all responsible people making transportation-related decisions. © 20172017 The The Authors. Authors. Published Published by Elsevierby Elsevier Ltd.
  • Canal Side Design Guidelines

    Canal Side Design Guidelines

    Canal Side Design Guidelines Issued by: Erie Canal Harbor Development Corporation A subsidiary of the New York State Urban Development Corporation d/b/a Empire State Development Corporation 95 Perry Street- Suite 500 Buffalo, NY 14203-3030 Prepared by: Ehrenkrantz, Eckstut & Kuhn Architects July, 2009 revised March, 2010 Table of Contents 1. Introduction 3 2. Use 5 3. Massing 8 4. Circulation 12 5. Architectural Features 16 6. Materials 23 7. Signage 25 8. Lighting 26 9. Erie Canal Harbor Parcels 27 10. Sustainability 28 11. Design Review Process 33 Appendix 36 Sections 3.3 & 3.5 of the 2005 Erie Canal Harbor Amendment to the Urban Renewal Plan for the Waterfront Redevelopment Project 1. Introduction Canal Side (the “Project”) is a new mixed-use neighborhood that will reconnect Downtown Buffalo to the Lake Erie waterfront through a network of streets, canals, and public spaces, evoking the City’s history, while creating a timeless neighborhood that will help defi ne its future. With approximately 1.1 million square feet of development, including retail, restaurant, hotel, offi ce, cultural, and residential uses, Canal Side is made up of 23 development parcels within approximately 20 acres on the Buffalo Riverfront (“Project Area”). Anchored by a destination retailer, the Project offers urban amenities and year-round offerings and experiences, including restaurants, entertainment venues, retail outlets, cultural attractions, public spaces, and increased access to the Buffalo River. The proposed Canal Side Site Plan (“Site Plan”, see Exhibit 1) identifi es the conceptual design for the mixed-use project. These Canal Side Design Guidelines (“Guidelines”) apply to all development parcels within Canal Side.