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Home , Karbala, Kerbala District

KeRBALA GOVeRNORATe PROFILe overvieW2 JuNe 2015

12,065 IDP FAMILIES 11,374 IDP families 94% displAceMenT over TiMe 72,390 IDP INDIVIDUALS IDP population density IDP families hosted in the governorate1 57% OF ALL IDPS ARE UNDER 383 IDP families 308 IDP families 11,824 14 3% 3% 11,507 12,065 10,919 11,685 11,125 64% OF IDPS ARE LIVING IN 9,881 10,588 RELIGIOUS BUILDINGS 9,317 11,401

GovernorATe of oriGin

6% idps in 12% 2% ll ira f a q 2,686 2% o 1% % 795 605 2 722 14%

63% 14 14 14 15 14 14 14 15 14 14 14 15 15 15 14 ------Jul Jan Jun Oct Apr Apr Sep Feb Dec Aug Nov Mar Mar May May 99% Anbar MosT coMMon shelTer TYpes Diyala Ninewa inTenTions al-Din WAves of displAceMenT 3% 87% 8%

9% Govt. Total 69% 27% 4% 3% Religious Rented Hotel/motel buildings 64% housing 21% 9% Kerbala 70% 26% 3% 45% Al-Hindiya 76% 23% 1% Top prioriTY needs 52%

Ain Al-Tamur 7% 63% 1 2 3 4 5 30% 90% Locally integrate in current location Return to place of origin

Access Waiting on one or several factors Shelter Food NFIs Health to work 1- Pre-June14 2- June-July14 3- August14

1. IDP families who displaced to and within the governorate. 2. All information, unless otherwise specified, in this report is from IOM’s Displacement rackingT Matrix (DTM) from 24 May 2015, Round XXI and from field reports of the Rapid Assessment and Response Teams. For more information on the DTM, visit: http://iomiraq.net/dtm-page 1 IOM Iraq Governorate profile: Kerbala, June 2015 Displacement trends 1. IDPs by governorate of origin Relatively stable security situation prevailing in Governorate of origin Overview the governorate has been pulling IDPs9 since the onset of recent violence. Reportedly, many of District of Anbar Baby- Bagh- Diyala Kirkuk Ninewa Salah Total of IDP Kerbala is located in south central Iraq. With those who fled to Kerbala have already had a rel- displacement lon dad al-Din individuals a total population of 1,012,3563 individuals, ative or acquaintance here, which facilitated their 10 it is one of the country’s smallest governo- assimilation in the current location. However, as Ain Al-Tamur 2,256 - 18 - - 24 - 2,298 rate and a holy site for Shia , which aforementioned, the similar religious background Al-Hindiya 108 - - 12 - 1,698 30 1,848 attracts pilgrims from , Afganistan, Paki- remains the main pull factor for IDPs heading to stan and India.4 As a result, Kerbala has well this governorate. Kerbala 2,382 600 300 720 336 63,078 828 68,244 developed religious infrastructure, including Kerbala saw the first wave of displacement from Grand Total 4,746 600 318 732 336 64,800 858 72,390 hussayniyat and . January to June 2014 totalling 2,526 individuals.11 Over the past decade, Kerbala received over 71% of whom displaced mostly from Heet, Ra’au and Falluja districts in Anbar governorate due to the Armed Groups(AGs) devel- 57,000 IDPs in the aftermath of the 2006 Sa- opments. 5 marra bombing. In general, almost all IDPs who currently reside in the governorate fled after June. The stable security situation and particular With the capture of and in June and July, a total number of 37,320 IDP individuals sought haven in the gover- ethno-religious make-up of the governorate norate. 92% of whom displaced mostly from Telafar in Ninewa. With new severe laws imposed on the seized population and the continue to pull new IDPs.6 In addition to ongoing violence, IDPs continued to flee in search for safe locations. blooming religious tourism, which boosts up the local economy. Since August, the AGs advancements in Ninewa and Salah al-Din governorates, including persecution based on ethno-religious The recent crisis has already driven here over affiliation and direct threats have brought an additional number of IDPs to Kerbala, totalling 32,544 persons. Over 93% of whom 72,300 persons, the majority of whom dis- arrived mostly from Ninewa, in particular Telafar district. As the conflict unfolds more IDPs continue to flee here and settle in the placed from Ninewa after June and were re- governorate’s capital - Kerbala, which remain the most common destination for IDPs in the overall period of displacement. portedly Shiaa of Turkmen origin. Waves of displacement in 2014 Kerbala, after hosts the second largest share of IDPs who stay in religious buildings, June-July totalling 30% of those who displaced within Pre June Post August the country and reside in the aforementioned 37,320 IDP individuals 32,544 IDP individu- shelter type. 2,526 IDP individ- (5,721 families) uals (421 families), 92% displaced from als (5,424 families) Reportedly, due to the August 2014 decision the majority dis- Ninewa 93% displaced from of local authorities IDPs who originate in An- placed from Anbar Ninewa bar are required to provide a local sponsor upon their arrival to .7 In May, the MoMD registration process cov- ered only IDPs who originate in Anbar, due to the statistical purposes.8 2014 Kerbala 2015 Iraq Anbar crisis12 Mosul crisis The offensive In January clashes broke June 10, IS seized control of August. As IS continued per- out in , after the Ira- Mosul. Terrorists issued a secuting Ninewa minorities, qi army stormed a protest statement that Iraqi Chris- a vast population of Kurdish camp suspected of shelter- tians must ”convert, pay Yazidis sought refuge in the ing insurgents. 94,927 fam- taxes, or be killled”. 117,284 nearby Sinjar mountain. ilies displaced. families displaced. 288,129 families displaced.

3. Figures don›t include IDPs and Syrian refugees population and are based on Gol COSIT (2007); 7. RART monthly narrative report. May 2015 4. Kerbala Governorate Profile, JAU 2013; 5. Iraq: Babylon, Kerbala, Najaf - Governorate profiles post Feb 2006 IDP needs assessments Dec 2007, IOM 8. RART monthly narrative report, May 2015 2007; 6. IDPs and returnees are generally categorized in three different groups: those displaced prior to 2006 due to circumstances such asthe first and 9. Number of individuals is counted by multiplying number of families by 6, that is an average size of an Iraqi family.; second Gulf Wars, policies of the former regime, and environmental issues; those displaced after the dramatic rise in sectarian conflict between 2006- 10. RART monthly narrative report, May 2015 ; 11. ibid. 12. Ongoing displacement, IOM 2014 2 2008; and those who were displaced in late 2013 until present due to the armed group offensives that affected Iraq and Syria. IOM Iraq Governorate profile: Kerbala, May 2015

Reportedly, IDPs were likely to move between Najaf, , Babylon and Qa- dissiya governorates in search of better opportunities and more suitable 2. Intentions by district Intentions shelter. Frequently, they move to stay with other relatives or seek humanitarian 1% 3% 4% 8% The intentions in Kerbala don’t correspond aid.13 23% with trends observed in the country, given IOM reported that between March and April many families returned to their ar- 30% 26% 27% the vast majority of populations displaced 14 eas of origin, including in Salah al-Din. Since then and due to the across Iraq desire to return to their governo- April Ramadi crisis numbers have been slowly, but steadily increasing. rate of origin. Across Iraq, IDPs are the most likely to settle in the governorates’ capitals, if pos- On the contrary, in Kerbala an estimated 69% sible. This is a result of easy access to the basic services, availability of housing 87% of IDPs intend to locally integrate in their 63% 76% and job opportunities. In addition to the presence of relevant offices to complete 70% 69% current location. This is presumably due to registration procedures. Similar trend was also observed in Kerbala governo- the similar religious background with the rate, given that Kerbala district, which is an administrative capital of the gov- host community and IDP population. Report- ernorate hosts the largest share of IDPs, amounting to 68,244 IDP individuals. edly, host community and religious authori- 7% 95% of whom were driven from Ninewa. The presence of religious buildings is 3% ties continue to help those who displaced by an additional pull factor for those who are currently being accommodated by Ain Al- Al-Hindiya Kerbala Govt. Total Iraq providing them with food. Also, the majority Tamur Kerbala district. In general, the district’s population make-up is very diverse and of IDPs who stay with host families live with comprises Shabak, Turkmen and Arab groups, however the majority overall pop- Waiting on one or several factors their relatives, so social and family bonds only ulation is Shia . strengthen their intentions to integrate. Return to place of origin Another 27% want to return to their place Locally integrate in current location of origin.This is likely due to the fact that the period of time spent in displacement has not yet exceeded two years, so they haven’t had Gender- age breakdown time to settle in their new locations. With- out relatives support and employment those Notably, 57% of all IDPs assessed in Kerbala 3. Gender-age breakdown IDPs are more likely to return. This is also due were under 14. Additionally, overall the ratio of 16,000 to the unsound living conditions prevailing in males to females among IDPs in the governo- religious buildings, including lack of access to rate was 3:4. 14,000 sanitation and water system. 12,000 Only 4% of IDPs in the governorate wait to 10,000 determine their intentions. It is high, in par- ticular in Ain Al-Taymur district, which pop- 8,000 ulation make-up comprises mostly IDPs who 6,000 originate in Anbar. Due to the turmoil prevail- ing in their districts of origin and upcoming 4,000 ISF campaign to reclaim territories under the 2,000 AGs control, they are more likely to hesitate whether they want to return or integrate. 0 0-5 6-14 15-24 25-59 60+

M F

13. RART monthly narrative report, May 2015 13. Ibid. 14. Ibid. 3 IOM Iraq Governorate profile: Kerbala, May 2015 shelTer MoveMenT over TiMe IDPs are allowed to stay for free in most religious buildings. shelTers This, in addition to the high cost of rent and similar religious background between IDPs and the host community, factors Kerbala is reported to have the second, high- into why IDPs in Kerbala have been likely to stay in critical est percentage of IDPs in Iraq who reside in shelters, particularly in the above mentioned mosques and religious buildings, which is related to the fact husseiniyat. Given that Kerbala received the largest wave of that this governorate has a significant place on displacement in the aftermath of the July - August develop- a country’s religious map. As a result, 64% of ments in Ninewa, the figures of critical shelters rose dramat- IDPs reside either in mosques or hussayniyat, ically in July. which are informal religious buildings com- monly used as a prayer rooms for men. Both Many families have applied to rent homes, a procedure that are free of charge and reportedly translate into requires the approval of the local authorities. Those who re- poor living conditions - with lack of privacy, ceived this aproval moved into rented houses, explaining the poor condition of sanitation system and over- slow drop that has been occuring since the beginning of 2015. crowding.15 IOM staff reported also that this shelter type lacks lighting and impose strict 4. Shelters by districts limitations on women, given that they fear of going out at night, even to use a toilet.16 100% Turkmen IDPs from Tel Afar living in a religious building In frequent, these buildings are raised along located along the road from Kerbala to Najaf. Behind, the 90% 18% the main road from Karbala to Najaf, which is 21% makeshift partition is visble.

a popular Shiaa route, connecting 80% two important . Small number of available religious buildings in 70% 57% Ain Al-Tamur district results in high percentage of IDPs who rent a house, which is due to the 60% 82% small size of the displaced population and af- 5. Shelters over time18 fordable rent prices. 50% 68% 64% 10000 In general, across the governorate, 21% of 40% 9000 IDPs stay in rented housing, which is related to 8000 the high prices of rent, in particular in Kerbala 30% 7000 district. 33% 6000 Yet, only 5% of IDPs in Kerbala reside with host 20% 5000 families, who are reportedly their relatives, es- 4000 17 10% 9% pecially Ain Al-Tamur district. Also 9% could 18% 4% 10% 3000 afford to rent a hotel room. All of those IDPs 6% 5% 5% 2000 reside in Kerbala district, which has the most 0% Ain Al-Tamur Al-Hindiya Kerbala Grand Total 1000 developed infrastructure and holds the largest 0 share of IDPs in the governorate. Host Families Hotel/Motel

Informal settlements Religious Building Camp Private housing Critical shelters Rented housing

15. RART monthly narrative report, May2015; 16.ibid.; 17.ibid. inadequate to provide safe living conditions to the displaced population. Private settings include host families, rented housing and hotels/motels. 18. Critical shelter arrangements include: unfinished and abandoned buildings, religious buildings, school buildings, informal settlements, other While these shelter arrangements should ensure better living standards to their occupants, they can entail a considerable burden to the host formal settlements, as well as unknown arrangements. These shelter types are classified as critical since the facilities are either not sustainable or community as well as place strain on the functioning of basic services. Please refer to Annex 3 on DTM Shelter definitions for further information. 4 IOM Iraq Governorate profile: Kerbala, May 2015 6. The five top priorityneeds by districts IDPs reportedly have limited access to health facilities, as IDPs can’t afford to pay for necessary medications prioriTY needs Grand Total 17% 21% 11% 16% 22% and doctor’s fees, and are often living far away from medical facilities. Additionally, lack of resources has The needs for shelter/housing (22%), food prevented families in Ain al-Taimur from sending their (21%), access to work (17%) were all closely children to schools. Many of the Turkmen and Shabak tied and originate from economic hardship. Kerbala 17% 21% 11% 16% 23% IDPs also face a language barrier in the -speak- ing schools. 20 Almost 68% of the IDPs in Kerbala stay in re- ligious buildings and suffer from unemploy- ment, as well as poverty, especially those sit- Al-Hindiya 27% 17% 7% 17% 28% uated along the Kerbala-Najaf road, which is far from the centers. Additionally, they are reportedly deprived of privacy.19 All this 7. The top five priority needs by shelter types combined means that need for shelter re- Ain Al-Tamur 24% 10% 25% 18% 17% mains very high. In spite of the assistance provided by the 21% 22% 22% host community and religious authorities, 25% 28% 29% 30% IDPs continue to be in need of a sustainable Access to Work Education Food Health NFI Shelter/Housing food supply. 8% With upcoming summer season need for 15% 17% 16% 17% NFIs was identified to be one of the top 16% 15% priority needs by 16% of the respondents. 19% Mohammed is 7 and suffers from hemophilia. His fam- 12% 11% Overcrowded religious buildings represent 9% 10% ily is currently staying in Kerbala and has no access to 19% unsound living conditions that deteriorate health care that makes boy’s life extremely hard. 25% more as the temperature increases. There- 14% 23% 18% 6% 21% fore, providing IDPs with summer kits, in- 24% cluding air coolers, fans, etc is a top priority 9% recommendation. 29% 25% 20% 23% 20% 13% 17%

Access to Work Education Food Health NFI Other Sanitation/ Hygiene Shelter/Housing 19. RART monthly narrative report, May 2015 20. Ibid. 5