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Gall Midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) New to the Danish Fauna

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Gall Midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) New to the Danish Fauna See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/309155026 Gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) new to the Danish fauna Article · October 2016 CITATIONS READS 0 779 4 authors: Simon Haarder Hans Henrik Bruun University of Copenhagen University of Copenhagen 31 PUBLICATIONS 74 CITATIONS 120 PUBLICATIONS 2,624 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Keith Harris Marcela Skuhravá 32 PUBLICATIONS 274 CITATIONS 88 PUBLICATIONS 559 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Historical Danish plant biodiversity View project Deep history or current environment? Determinants of landscape-level grassland plant diversity. View project All content following this page was uploaded by Hans Henrik Bruun on 14 October 2016. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. Ent. Tidskr. 137 (2016) New gall midges from Denmark Gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) new to the Danish fauna SIMON HAARDER, HANS HENRIK BRUUN, KEITH M. HARRIS & MARCELA SKUHRAVÁ Haarder, S., Bruun, H.H., Harris, K.M. & Skuhravá, M.: Gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomy- iidae) new to the Danish fauna. [Nya gallmyggor (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) för den danska faunan.] – Entomologisk Tidskrift 137(3): 79-98. Uppsala, Sweden 2016. ISSN 0013-886x. First records of twenty-three gall midge species in Denmark are reported: Asphondylia ervi Rübsaamen, Contarinia acetosellae Rübsaamen, C. viburnorum Kieffer, Dasineura astragalorum (Kieffer), D. fructum (Rübsaamen), D. harrisoni (Bagnall), D. lotharingi- ae (Kieffer), D. papaveris (Winnertz), D. saxifragae (Kieffer), D. traili (Kieffer), Her- bomyia robusta Möhn, Jaapiella chelidonii Fedotova, Lasioptera arundinis Schiner, L. calamagrostidis Rübsaamen, Mayetiola festucae Ertel, M. phalaris Barnes, M. ventricola (Rübsaamen), Mycodiplosis coniophaga (Winnertz), Parallelodiplosis galliperda (Löw), Piceacecis abietiperda (Henschel), Rabdophaga strobilina (Bremi), Taxomyia taxi (Inch- bald) and a probably undescribed species of Contarinia Rondani. Thus, 363 fully identified gall midge species are now documented from Denmark along with 25 species, which have been identified to genus level only. The species number per subfamily is 335 Cecido- myiinae (311 fully identified and 24 identified to the genus level only), 0 Winnertziinae and 14 Porricondyliinae (13 fully identified and one identified to the genus level only), 24 Micromyinae and 15 Lestremiinae. S. Haarder, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, University of Copenhagen, Stig- bøjlen 7, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. E-mail: [email protected] H-H. Bruun, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. K. M. Harris, 81 Linden Way, Ripley, Woking, Surrey, GU23 6LP, United Kingdom. M. Skuhravá, Bítovská 1227, 140 00 Praha 4, Czech Republic. Gall midges (Cecidomyiidae) is a species-rich family Cecidomyiinae to have brightly coloured dipteran family with over 6000 species described barrel-shaped larvae (Mamaev & Krivosheina Worldwide, half of which occur in the Palaearc- 1993). In addition to Cecidomyiinae, the family tic Region (Gagné & Jaschhof 2014). In general, consists of five more subfamilies: Catotrichinae, adults are minute to small (1 mm to 5 mm) in- Lestremiinae, Micromyinae, Porricondylinae sects with elongated legs, reduced wing vena- and Winnertziinae (Gagné & Jaschhof 2014). tion and long, often moniliform (string-of-beads Among those almost all species are mycetopha- shaped) antennae (Fig. 1). As a family-specific gous or saprophagous. trait, larvae are equipped with a sclerotized struc- This paper is focused on species of Cecido- ture, the sternal spatula, on the ventral side below myiinae. They exhibit a number of different feed- the head (Fig. 1.). This structure has, however, ing strategies, such as zoophagy (other insects, been lost in some species. Gall midge larvae ex- mites etc.), mycetophagy and phytophagy. The hibit great variety in shape, often adapted to the activity of phytophagous larvae often results in specific environment, but there is a tendency for characteristic and striking galls on the affected phytophagous gall-inducing species in the sub- plant organs. It is this capacity – gall induction – 79 Simon Haarder et al. Ent. Tidskr. 137 (2016) Figure 1. The gall midge Cupressatia siskiyou (Felt, 1917). An adult male (left) and a larva removed from its seed gall on Chamaecyparis lawsoniana (right). Key family characters are marked as la: long antennae; ll: long legs; rwv: reduced wing venetion; ss: sternal spatula. Gallmyggan Cupressatia siskiyou (Felt, 1917). En vuxen hane (till vänster) och en larv urplockad ur sin frögall på ädelcypress (till höger). Kännetecken för familjen är långa antenner (la), långa ben (ll), få och ogrenade vingribbor (rwv), och bröstben eller sternal spatula (ss). Foton: SH. that has served as an inspiration for the common Methods name of the family. The new records primarily result from more or Gall midges have been studied in Denmark by less opportunistic searches by the first two au- a number of amateur and professional scientists thors. However, systematic recording of fungal for the last 150 years (summarized by Skuhravá biodiversity in a set of 130 study sites under the et al 2006). By the beginning of the 21st century, nationwide research project BioWide has result- the Danish Cecidomyiidae fauna was known to ed in a significant bycatch of rarely recorded consist of 178 species, and the family was ranked species of gall midges, including as many as as one of the least investigated dipteran families three of the species reported here. This work has in this territory (Petersen & Meier 2001). A few been conducted by Dr. Thomas Læssøe. Com- years later, a revised checklist including 286 mon to these species is gall position on basal species was reported by Skuhravá et al. (2006). plant parts close to the ground, and a field my- This impressive increase was based on field in- cologist’s tool – the ‘truffle rake’ - being instru- vestigations carried out by Marcela Skuhravá mental in the discoveries. This tool (in fact, just and Vaclav Skuhravý near Copenhagen in 2002, a hand rake from any plant nursery) was used Jørgen Jørgensen’s investigations from 1997 to to probe for fungal fruitbodies found in leaf lit- 2003 on the island of Læsø, and a revision of ter, deep in dense grass turf or below tall and the entire gall midge collection in the Natural entangled herbs and vines – i.e. positions conve- History Museum in Copenhagen. This impor- nient to neglect. In addition, the two first authors tant work sparked a renewed interest in the fau- have made systematic surveys of plant galling nistics of this group (Bruun & Skuhravá 2011, arthropods in about half of the BioWide sites Bruun et al. 2012, Bruun et al. 2014, Jørgensen using the field method described by Skuhravá & 2009). The current paper reports the finding of Skuhravý (2009). 23 species from the subfamily Cecidomyiinae Most of the species reported here have been not previously recorded from Denmark. identified through a combination of generic lar- val characters and species-specific host plant 80 Ent. Tidskr. 137 (2016) New gall midges from Denmark NEJ Figur 2. The fauna provinces of Denmark. NWJ From Enghoff & Nielsen (1977): SJ: South Jutland; EJ: East Jutland; WJ: West Jutland; NWJ: Northwest Jutland; NEJ: Northeast Jut- EJ land; F: Funen; LFM: Lolland-Falster-Møn; SZ: South Zealand; NWZ: Northwest Zealand; WJ NEZ: Northeast Zealand; B: Bornholm. NEZ NWZ Faunaprovinser i Danmark. Från Enghoff & Nielsen (1977): SJ: Sønderjylland; EJ: Østjyl- F SZ land; WJ: Vestjylland; NWJ: Nordvestjylland; SJ B NEJ: Nordøstjylland; F: Fyn; LFM: Lolland- Falster-Møn; SZ: Sydsjælland; NWZ: Nor- LFM dvestsjælland; NEZ: Nordøstsjælland; B: Bornholm. identity, galled plant part and gall morphology Abbreviations and demarcations of fauna dis- (e.g. Buhr 1964-1965, Redfern & Shirley 2011). tricts are in accordance with Enghoff & Nielsen For all the species reported here, this was suf- (1977) (Fig. 2). Collector (“leg.” in text) abbre- ficient for correct identification. Nevertheless, viations are as follows: Aksel Jørgensen (AJ), rearing of adults was attempted as often as suffi- Ditte Arp (DA), Erik A. Thomsen (EAT), Hans cient numbers of mature third instar larvae were Henrik Bruun (HHB), Ken Alminde (KA), Ras- found, but often failed (for reasons discussed mus Ejrnæs (RE), Simon Haarder (SH), Søren below). For the genera Lasioptera and Mayetio- Johan Abel Nielsen (SJAN) and Thomas Læssøe la larvae were identified to species using Möhn (TL). (1955) and Ertel (1975), respectively. Yukawa (1985) provided diagnostic features for the pupa Results of Asphondylia ervi. For these species, rearing Accounts for the newly recorded species, includ- was not tried, except for L. arundinis, due to the ing biology, Danish records and known distribu- plentiful larval material available. tion, are provided below in alphabetical order: Figure 3. Pod gall of Asphondylia ervi on Vicia sativa. A single pupa is visible in the opened pod (right). Gall förorsakad av Asphondylia ervi på balja av åkervicker (Vicia sativa). En puppa är synlig i den öppnade baljan (till höger). Foto: SH 81 Simon Haarder et al. Ent. Tidskr. 137 (2016) a b Figure 4. Contarinia ace- tosellae on Rumex aceto- c d sella – a) Flower bud galls, – b) Larvae in opened gall, – c) Pupae isolated from galls, – d) A reared adult male specimen. Contarinia
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