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ORCHIDS of CENTRAL SPAIN (Cuenca Province) a field Guide

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ORCHIDS of CENTRAL SPAIN (Cuenca Province) a field Guide See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330683348 ORCHIDS OF CENTRAL SPAIN (Cuenca Province) A field guide Book · January 2019 CITATIONS READS 0 372 3 authors, including: Eduardo Soto Perez José Luis Benito Alonso playgei Jolube Consultor Botánico y Editor. Fotógrafo 4 PUBLICATIONS 2 CITATIONS 287 PUBLICATIONS 2,601 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Mapa de hábitats CORINE de Aragón (España) View project Flora Montiberica (Journal) View project All content following this page was uploaded by José Luis Benito Alonso on 28 January 2019. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. Collection Essential Guides of Flora, 2 ORCHIDS OF CENTRAL SPAIN (Cuenca Province) A field guide Agustín Coronado Martínez Eduardo Soto Pérez www.jolube.es at sale on Book 2019 Contents Prologue................................................ 6 Ophrys dyris ............................................ 122 How to use this guide ................................ 8 Ophrys incubacea ...................................... 124 The three natural landscapes of Cuenca ......... 20 Ophrys insectifera ..................................... 126 Types of Habitat in Cuenca ........................ 24 Ophrys lupercalis ...................................... 128 Rare and protected habitats ......................... 32 Ophrys lutea ............................................ 130 General Biology ...................................... 38 Ophrys scolopax ........................................ 132 Morphology and Anatomy ............................ 40 Ophrys speculum ....................................... 134 Phenology ............................................. 46 Ophrys sphegodes ...................................... 136 Orchids found in Cuenca ............................ 48 Ophrys subinsectifera ................................. 138 Key for identifying Orchid genera ................. 50 Ophrys tenthredinifera ............................... 140 Aceras anthropophorum ............................. 52 Genus Orchis ........................................... 142 Anacamptis pyramidalis ............................. 54 Orchis cazorlensis ...................................... 144 Genus Cephalanthera ............................... 56 Orchis champagneuxii ................................. 146 Cephalanthera damasonium ........................ 58 Orchis fragrans ......................................... 148 Cephalanthera longifolia ............................ 60 Orchis langei ............................................ 150 Cephalanthera rubra ................................. 62 Orchis militaris ......................................... 152 Coeloglossum viride .................................. 64 Orchis palustris ......................................... 154 Genus Dactylorhiza ................................. www.jolube.es66 Orchis papilionacea .................................... 156 Dactylorhiza elata .................................... 68 Orchis picta ............................................. 158 Dactylorhiza fuchsii ..................................at 70 Orchis purpurea ........................................ 160 Dactylorhiza incarnata .............................. 72 Orchis tenera ........................................... 162 Dactylorhiza insularis ................................ 74 Orchis ustulata ......................................... 164 Dactylorhiza maculata ............................... 76 Genus Platanthera ................................... 166 Dactylorhiza sambucina .............................sale 78 Platanthera algeriensis ............................... 168 Genus Epipactis ...................................... 80 Platanthera bifolia .................................... 170 Epipactis cardina .....................................on 82 Serapias lingua ......................................... 172 Epipactis distans ...................................... 84 Spiranthes aestivalis .................................. 174 Epipactis helleborine ................................ 86 Spiranthes spiralis ..................................... 176 Epipactis hispanica ................................... 88 Neighbouring species ................................ 178 Epipactis kleinii ....................................... 90 Additional Biology .................................... 184 Epipactis microphyllaBook ................................ 92 Orchids and fungi ...................................... 184 Epipactis palustris .................................... 94 Orchid cultivation .................................... 186 Epipactis tremolsii ................................... 96 Cultivation in pots ..................................... 192 Gymnadenia conopsea ............................... 98 Evolution ................................................ 194 Himantoglossum hircinum .......................... 100 Pollination methods ................................... 196 Genus Limodorum.................................... 102 Hybrids .................................................. 202 Limodorum abortivum ............................... 102 Unusual cases .......................................... 204 Limodorum trabutianum ............................ 104 Orchids protection..................................... 205 Listera ovata .......................................... 106 Some interesting facts ................................ 207 Neotinea maculata ................................... 108 Locations ............................................... 209 Neottia nidus-avis .................................... 110 Spanish-English Lexicon of Habitats ................. 232 Genus Ophrys ........................................ 112 Glossary of terms ...................................... 233 Ophrys apifera ........................................ 114 Useful links ............................................. 235 Ophrys arnoldii ....................................... 116 Bibliography ........................................... 238 Ophrys bilunulata .................................... 118 Index of scientific names ............................. 242 Ophrys castellana .................................... 120 4 5 Prologue We imagine that many of our readers will have come across this book with surprise to discover that orchids are to be found in Central Spain (Cuenca province). It was the same for us, in fact the first time we tried to identify one we had trouble in determi- ning which family it belonged to, let alone believe it! We were astonished that these wonderful flowers that we thought belonged exclusively to the tropical forests could also form part of the habitat of the mountains, woods and river banks of our own province. Once we had confirmed the existence of orchids in Europe we began our tentative research, certain that we wouldn’t find more than a dozen different species. With orchids it’s a bit like with mushrooms; hunting for them becomes a hypnotic entertain- ment which you can’t stop even though the sun is going down. When we’d identified twenty different species we just had an uncontrollable need to carry on finding more, to explore every corner of our land and discover where their hiding places were, which were their favourite landscapes, and in which months they were flowering. Totally bewitched, we spent the next seven years enjoying one of our favourite pas- times: going out to the country, exploring the terrain, breathing in the pure air, slee- ping rough, venturing into the maze of woodlands,www.jolube.es and uncovering the secrets of the natural world. We discovered the subtle relationships of an ecosystem which permits such an incredible ability to be so amazingly atin harmony, such detailed complexity and efficiency where each of its elements is provided for and lacks for nothing. At the beginning of this field worksale we started with a small reference material which, in line with our growing interest into the various aspects of the ecology of orchids, expanded into volumes which filled our bookshelves but which no longer fit into our rucksacks. on Since the mid-17th C, and basically stimulated by commercial interests in their attrac- tiveness for gardens and greenhouses around the world, research into the Orchidaceae family has opened up new fields, techniques and questions for work in the biological sciences: in ecology,Book plant physiology, improvements in genetics, molecular genetics, etc. Morel’s work in the cultivation of orchid meristems set the foundations for the So why a guide to Cuenca province in Central Spain? Our Serranía mountain range is cloning of plant species. Kullenberg’s work on orchid pollinator types and adaptations one of the most densely populated in orchid species in the whole of the Iberian Pe- established the methods for developing numerous subsequent studies on habitat and ninsula, and we are delighted to be able to demonstrate that Cuenca’s well-preserved pollination. The work by Zettler and Rasmussen on the symbiosis of land orchids and natural environment attracts orchid specialists from all over Europe. their specific fungi has permitted extraordinary advances in research into mycorrhiza. While Chase, Bateman, Pridgeon and Qamariz-Zaman, together with their respective But the main reason for publishing this guide is that we are convinced that this floral collaborators, have achieved one of the first refined evaluations of the genetic diver-
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