Phylogenetics of Tribe Orchideae (Orchidaceae: Orchidoideae)
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Breeding Ecology of Kittlitz's Murrelet at Agattu Island, Alaska, in 2010
AMNWR 2011/01 BREEDING ECOLOGY OF KITTLITZ’S MURRELET AT AGATTU ISLAND, ALASKA, IN 2010: PROGRESS REPORT Photo: R. Kaler/USFWS 1 2 1 1 3 Robb S. A. Kaler , Leah A. Kenney , Jeffrey C. Williams , G. Vernon Byrd , and John F. Piatt Key Words: Alaska, Aleutian Islands, Brachyramphus brevirostris, breeding ecology, growth rates, Kittlitz’s murrelet, Near Islands, nest site selection, parental provisioning, reproductive success. 1Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge 95 Sterling Highway, Suite 1 Homer, Alaska 99603 2Department of Biological Sciences University of Alaska Anchorage Anchorage, Alaska 99501 3Alaska Science Center, US Geological Survey 4210 University Drive Anchorage, Alaska 99508 Cite as: Kaler, R.S.A., L.A. Kenney, J.C. Williams, G.V. Byrd, and J.F. Piatt. 2011. Breeding biology of Kittlitz’s murrelet at Agattu Island, Alaska, in 2010: progress report. U.S. Fish and Wildl. Serv. Rep. AMNWR 2011/01. 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................... 3 STUDY AREA .............................................................................................................................. 4 METHODS .................................................................................................................................... 4 RESULTS ...................................................................................................................................... 8 2010 SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................... -
Dactylorhiza Nevski, the Correct Generic Name of the Dactylorchids
DACTYLORHIZA NEVSKI, THE CORRECT GENERIC NAME OF THE DACTYLORCHIDS By P. F. HUNT and V. S. SUMMERHAYES Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew ABSTRACT The correct generic name for the dactylorchids (marsh and spotted orchids) is shown to be Dactylorhiza Nevski. A list of species of Dactylorhiza is given and the subspecies occurring in the British Isles are indicated. Several new combinations at specific and subspecific rank and five new bigeneric hybrid formulae are published for the first time. In his Species Plantarum (939-944, 1753) Linnaeus divided the genus Orchis into three parts based on the morphology of the roots, namely: Bulbis indivisis, Bulbis palmatis and Bulbis fasciculatis. Some time later, Necker, in his Elementa Botanica (3, 129, 1790), raised these groups to generic level although he actually used the category name 'species naturalis' for them. Orchis L. was retained for Bulbis indivisis whilst Bulbis palmatis and Bulbis fasciculatis became Dactylorhiza Necker. The next important treatment of the genus was by Klinge, in 1898 (Acta Hort. Petrop. 17,148). He recognized two subgenera, namely Eu-orchis, into which he placed the Linnaean Bulbis indivisis, and Dactylorchis which included Bulbis palmatis. This classification was adopted by many later workers, but in 1935, Nevski, in his account of the Orchidaceae for the Flora URSS, substituted Necker's name Dactylorhiza for the second of Klinge's sub genera on the ground that it was earlier than Dactylorchis Klinge. Nevski also seems to have excluded Linnaeus's Bulbis fasciculatis, at least by implication. Two years later, however, Nevski evidently decided that the two subgenera were better treated as distinct genera and adopted the generic name Dactylorhiza, making a new combination, D. -
Guide to the Flora of the Carolinas, Virginia, and Georgia, Working Draft of 17 March 2004 -- LILIACEAE
Guide to the Flora of the Carolinas, Virginia, and Georgia, Working Draft of 17 March 2004 -- LILIACEAE LILIACEAE de Jussieu 1789 (Lily Family) (also see AGAVACEAE, ALLIACEAE, ALSTROEMERIACEAE, AMARYLLIDACEAE, ASPARAGACEAE, COLCHICACEAE, HEMEROCALLIDACEAE, HOSTACEAE, HYACINTHACEAE, HYPOXIDACEAE, MELANTHIACEAE, NARTHECIACEAE, RUSCACEAE, SMILACACEAE, THEMIDACEAE, TOFIELDIACEAE) As here interpreted narrowly, the Liliaceae constitutes about 11 genera and 550 species, of the Northern Hemisphere. There has been much recent investigation and re-interpretation of evidence regarding the upper-level taxonomy of the Liliales, with strong suggestions that the broad Liliaceae recognized by Cronquist (1981) is artificial and polyphyletic. Cronquist (1993) himself concurs, at least to a degree: "we still await a comprehensive reorganization of the lilies into several families more comparable to other recognized families of angiosperms." Dahlgren & Clifford (1982) and Dahlgren, Clifford, & Yeo (1985) synthesized an early phase in the modern revolution of monocot taxonomy. Since then, additional research, especially molecular (Duvall et al. 1993, Chase et al. 1993, Bogler & Simpson 1995, and many others), has strongly validated the general lines (and many details) of Dahlgren's arrangement. The most recent synthesis (Kubitzki 1998a) is followed as the basis for familial and generic taxonomy of the lilies and their relatives (see summary below). References: Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (1998, 2003); Tamura in Kubitzki (1998a). Our “liliaceous” genera (members of orders placed in the Lilianae) are therefore divided as shown below, largely following Kubitzki (1998a) and some more recent molecular analyses. ALISMATALES TOFIELDIACEAE: Pleea, Tofieldia. LILIALES ALSTROEMERIACEAE: Alstroemeria COLCHICACEAE: Colchicum, Uvularia. LILIACEAE: Clintonia, Erythronium, Lilium, Medeola, Prosartes, Streptopus, Tricyrtis, Tulipa. MELANTHIACEAE: Amianthium, Anticlea, Chamaelirium, Helonias, Melanthium, Schoenocaulon, Stenanthium, Veratrum, Toxicoscordion, Trillium, Xerophyllum, Zigadenus. -
Hemipiliopsis, a New Genus of Orchidaceae
Hemipiliopsis, a New Genus of Orchidaceae Yibo Luo and Singchi Chen (Xinqi Chen) Laboratory of Systematic & Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxincun 20, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China. [email protected] ABSTRACT. Hemipiliopsis, a monotypic new genus Hoc genus novum Hemipiliae et Habenariae simile, sed of Orchidaceae, is described based on H. purpureo- ab ambobus forma calcaris, a priore viscidiis plus minusve expositis, stigmatis lobulis duobus elongato-pulvinatis, a punctata (K. Y. Lang) Y. B. Luo & S. C. Chen (Ha- posteriore planta (cum caule, folio, pedunculis, rachidi, benaria purpureopunctata K. Y. Lang) from south- bracteis, pedicellis, ovariis, sepalis et petalis) purpureo- eastern Xizang (Tibet). Its possible relationships to punctata, stigmatis lobulis parieti postico cavitatis af®xis, Brachycorythis, Hemipilia, and Habenaria are dis- atque rostello magno differt. cussed. Terrestrial herb; tubers ellipsoid or subellipsoid, Key words: China, Hemipiliopsis, Orchidaceae. ¯eshy. Stem erect, usually with one leaf near the base. Leaf elliptic to ovate-oblong, acuminate or While the senior author worked on the genus acute, amplexicaul at base. In¯orescence loosely Hemipilia Lindley, he felt it dif®cult to treat a spe- several- to many-¯owered, spotted with purple on cies that is very similar in habit to Hemipilia but rachis and peduncle; bracts ovate-lanceolate, with was described by Lang (Lang & Tsi, 1978) as Ha- evident purple spots dorsally; pedicel and ovary benaria purpureopunctata K. Y. Lang. Moreover, with purple spots. Flowers spotted with purple ex- Lang mentioned that this generic placement was cept the lip; dorsal sepal erect, oblong, concave, based on the presence of a small rostellum, naked forming a hood together with petals; lateral sepals viscidia, and two protruding clavate stigmas (Lang obliquely ovate-elliptic, usually 6 re¯exed; petals & Tsi, 1978). -
Cally Plant List a ACIPHYLLA Horrida
Cally Plant List A ACIPHYLLA horrida ACONITUM albo-violaceum albiflorum ABELIOPHYLLUM distichum ACONITUM cultivar ABUTILON vitifolium ‘Album’ ACONITUM pubiceps ‘Blue Form’ ACAENA magellanica ACONITUM pubiceps ‘White Form’ ACAENA species ACONITUM ‘Spark’s Variety’ ACAENA microphylla ‘Kupferteppich’ ACONITUM cammarum ‘Bicolor’ ACANTHUS mollis Latifolius ACONITUM cammarum ‘Franz Marc’ ACANTHUS spinosus Spinosissimus ACONITUM lycoctonum vulparia ACANTHUS ‘Summer Beauty’ ACONITUM variegatum ACANTHUS dioscoridis perringii ACONITUM alboviolaceum ACANTHUS dioscoridis ACONITUM lycoctonum neapolitanum ACANTHUS spinosus ACONITUM paniculatum ACANTHUS hungaricus ACONITUM species ex. China (Ron 291) ACANTHUS mollis ‘Long Spike’ ACONITUM japonicum ACANTHUS mollis free-flowering ACONITUM species Ex. Japan ACANTHUS mollis ‘Turkish Form’ ACONITUM episcopale ACANTHUS mollis ‘Hollard’s Gold’ ACONITUM ex. Russia ACANTHUS syriacus ACONITUM carmichaelii ‘Spätlese’ ACER japonicum ‘Aconitifolium’ ACONITUM yezoense ACER palmatum ‘Filigree’ ACONITUM carmichaelii ‘Barker’s Variety’ ACHILLEA grandifolia ACONITUM ‘Newry Blue’ ACHILLEA ptarmica ‘Perry’s White’ ACONITUM napellus ‘Bergfürst’ ACHILLEA clypeolata ACONITUM unciniatum ACIPHYLLA monroi ACONITUM napellus ‘Blue Valley’ ACIPHYLLA squarrosa ACONITUM lycoctonum ‘Russian Yellow’ ACIPHYLLA subflabellata ACONITUM japonicum subcuneatum ACONITUM meta-japonicum ADENOPHORA aurita ACONITUM napellus ‘Carneum’ ADIANTUM aleuticum ‘Japonicum’ ACONITUM arcuatum B&SWJ 774 ADIANTUM aleuticum ‘Miss Sharples’ ACORUS calamus ‘Argenteostriatus’ -
View .Pdf of This Issue
The Hardy Orchid Society Newsletter No. 21 July 2001 The Hardy Orchid Society Committee is… President: Richard M Bateman Vice-Presidents: Paul Harcourt Davies and Norman Heywood Chairman: Richard Manuel, Wye View Cottage, Leys Hill, Ross-on-Wye, Herefordshire, HR9 5QU Secretary: Sarah Marks, 83 Ladysmith, East Gomeldon, Salisbury, Wilts, SP4 6LE Treasurer: Tony Beresford, Pound Farm, Wearne, Langport, Somerset, TA10 0QJ Membership Secretary: Nick Storer, 17 Orchard Close, Lymm, Cheshire, WA13 9HH Show Secretary: Doreen Webster, 25 Highfields Drive, Loughborough, Leics, LE11 3JS Newsletter Editor: Moira Tarrant, Bumby’s, Fox Rd., Mashbury, Chelmsford, CM1 4TJ Meetings Secretary: Colin Clay, 14 Cromwell Place, Lighthorne Heath, Leamington Spa, CV33 9TG Ordinary Member (publicity): Simon Tarrant, Bumby’s, Fox Rd., Mashbury, Chelmsford, CM1 4TJ Ordinary Member (Newsletter Dist.): Bill Temple, Primrose Cottage, Hanney Rd., Ste- venton, Oxon, OX13 6AP Ordinary Member (Seed & Fungus Bank): Ted Weeks, 74 Over Lane, Almondsbury, Bristol, BS32 4BT Co-opted Member (BOC Rep.): Richard Nicol, 1364 Evesham Rd., Astwood Bank, Red- ditch, Worcs, B96 6BD Contents P.3 From the New President, Richard Bateman P.5 Report of the 9th AGM of the Hardy Orchid Society P.7 Publicity Posters, Simon Tarrant P.8 HELP!, Richard Manuel P.8 HOS Plant Show 2001, Tony Hughes P.10 Does DNA reveal All about the Evolution of Terrestrial Orchids? Part 3, Richard Bateman P.14 Getting Started - the Basics of Hardy Orchid Cultivation, Alan Dash P.20 Chemical Warfare, Richard Manuel P.21 AGS Summer South Show - Silver Award, Carol Dash P.22 Seed and Fungus Bank, Ted Weeks Colour Insert between Pages 12 and 13 Cover illustration: Serapias lingua by Carol Dash HOS Newsletter 21, July 2001 From the New President of the HOS Richard Bateman I am of course delighted to accept the Presidency of the Hardy Orchid Society. -
Disperis and Epipogium (Orchidaceae): Two New Generic Record for the Flora of Odisha Fmlisfjl ,Oa Bfiiksft;E ¼Vkwfdzmslh½ : Vk
Nelumbo Vol 59(2), (159-163) 2017 ISSN (Print) : 0976-5069 DOI : 10.20324/nelumbo/v32/2017/120461 ISSN (Online) : 2455-376X Disperis and Epipogium (Orchidaceae): two new generic record for the flora of Odisha Truptirekha Kar1, Maloth Mohan1 and Kishore Kumar Mandal2 1Similipal Tiger Reserve, Bhanjpur, Baripada, Odisha -757002, India 2P. G. Department of Botany, North Orissa University, Baripada, Odisha -757003, India Corresponding author: [email protected] fMLisfjl ,oa bfiiksft;e ¼vkWfdZMslh½ : vksM+h’kk ds ouLifrtkr ds fy, nks u, oa’kijd vfHkys[k =qfIrjs[kk dj] ekyksFk eksgu ,oa fd’kksj dqekj eaMy lkjka’k vksfM+lk jkT; ds fy, nks uohu oa'kijd vfHkys[k ds :Ik esa nks vkWfdZM tkfr;ka fMLisfjl uhy?ksjsfUll okbV ,oa bfiiksft;e jksft;e ¼Mh- MkWu ½ fyaMy çFke ckj ntZ fd;s x;s A çLrqr 'kks/k i= esa bu nksuksa tkfr;ksa dk foLr`r ofxZdh fooj.k] forj.k ij fVIi.kh ,oa vklkuh ls igpku ds fy, ,d QksVksIysV nh x;h gS A ABSTRACT Two orchid species viz. Disperis neilgherrensis Wight and Epipogium roseum (D. Don) Lindl. are reported as new distributional record for the state of Odisha. These genera are recorded first time for the flora of Odisha. Detailed taxonomic description, notes on distribution and photo plates are provided for easy identification. Keywords: Disperis, Epipogium , Flora, Orchidaceae, Similipal INTRODUCTION (Seidenfaden, 1969). The genus is well known for its extremely complicated flower morphology and structure; The genus Disperis Sw. with about 70 species is well rep- with various fused floral parts and highly elaborated lip resented in Africa, Madagascar and its adjacent Indian bearing appendages (Kurzweil & Linder, 1991; Kurz- Ocean islands (Manning, 1999; La Croix & al., 2002). -
Jahresberichte Des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins In
Die Orchideen der Randgebiete des europäischen Florenbereiches Titelbild: Neottianthe cucullata (Foto: E. Klein) Die Orchideen der Randgebiete des europäischen Florenbereiches Redaktion: Karlheinz Senghas und Hans Sundermann Jahresberichte des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins Wuppertal Heft 29 - 1976 BRÜCKE-VERLAG KURT SCHMERSOW - HlLDESHElM Dieses Heft stellt den erweiterten Bericht über die „5.Wuppertaler Orchideen-Tagung" und damit die Fortsetzung von Heft 19 der Jahresberichte „Probleme der Orchideen- gattung Ophrys" (1964), von Heft 21/22 „Probleme der Orchideengattung Dactylorhiza" (1968), von Heft 23 „Probleme der Orchideengattung Epipactis" (1970) und von Heft 25 „Probleme der Orchideengattung Orchis, mit Nachträgen zu Ophrys, Dactylorhiza, Epipactis und Hybriden" (1972) dar. Das Heft erscheint gleichzeitig als Sonderheft der Zeitschrift „DIE ORCHIDEE", Herausgeber Deutsche Orchideen-Gesellschaft e. V. Ausgegeben arn 1. Dezember 1977. Naturwissenschaftlicher Verein Wuppertal und FUHLROTT-Museum Wuppertal Redaktions-Komitee: D. BRANDES (Mikroskopie), W. KOLBE (Zoologie unter Aus- schluß der Ornithologie), H. LEHMANN (Ornithologie), H. KNUBEL (Geographie), H. A. OFFE, M. LÜCKE (Geologie, Paläontologie und Mineralogie), H. SUNDERMANN (Botanik unter Ausschluß der Mykologie), H. WOLLWEBER (Mykologie) Schriftentausch und -vertrieb: FUHLROTT-Museum . Auer Schulstraße 20 .5600 Wuppertal 1 Satz und Druck: Hagemann-Druck, Hildesheim Inhaltsverzeichnis Vorwort (K. SENGHAS) .......................... Programm der 5 . Wuppertaler Orchideen-Tagung -
The Analysis of the Flora of the Po@Ega Valley and the Surrounding Mountains
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE NAT. CROAT. VOL. 7 No 3 227¿274 ZAGREB September 30, 1998 ISSN 1330¿0520 UDK 581.93(497.5/1–18) THE ANALYSIS OF THE FLORA OF THE PO@EGA VALLEY AND THE SURROUNDING MOUNTAINS MIRKO TOMA[EVI] Dr. Vlatka Ma~eka 9, 34000 Po`ega, Croatia Toma{evi} M.: The analysis of the flora of the Po`ega Valley and the surrounding moun- tains, Nat. Croat., Vol. 7, No. 3., 227¿274, 1998, Zagreb Researching the vascular flora of the Po`ega Valley and the surrounding mountains, alto- gether 1467 plant taxa were recorded. An analysis was made of which floral elements particular plant taxa belonged to, as well as an analysis of the life forms. In the vegetation cover of this area plants of the Eurasian floral element as well as European plants represent the major propor- tion. This shows that in the phytogeographical aspect this area belongs to the Eurosiberian- Northamerican region. According to life forms, vascular plants are distributed in the following numbers: H=650, T=355, G=148, P=209, Ch=70, Hy=33. Key words: analysis of flora, floral elements, life forms, the Po`ega Valley, Croatia Toma{evi} M.: Analiza flore Po`e{ke kotline i okolnoga gorja, Nat. Croat., Vol. 7, No. 3., 227¿274, 1998, Zagreb Istra`ivanjem vaskularne flore Po`e{ke kotline i okolnoga gorja ukupno je zabilje`eno i utvr|eno 1467 biljnih svojti. Izvr{ena je analiza pripadnosti pojedinih biljnih svojti odre|enim flornim elementima, te analiza `ivotnih oblika. -
Extrapolating Demography with Climate, Proximity and Phylogeny: Approach with Caution
! ∀#∀#∃ %& ∋(∀∀!∃ ∀)∗+∋ ,+−, ./ ∃ ∋∃ 0∋∀ /∋0 0 ∃0 . ∃0 1##23%−34 ∃−5 6 Extrapolating demography with climate, proximity and phylogeny: approach with caution Shaun R. Coutts1,2,3, Roberto Salguero-Gómez1,2,3,4, Anna M. Csergő3, Yvonne M. Buckley1,3 October 31, 2016 1. School of Biological Sciences. Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science. The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia. 2. Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, UK. 3. School of Natural Sciences, Zoology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland. 4. Evolutionary Demography Laboratory. Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research. Rostock, DE-18057, Germany. Keywords: COMPADRE Plant Matrix Database, comparative demography, damping ratio, elasticity, matrix population model, phylogenetic analysis, population growth rate (λ), spatially lagged models Author statement: SRC developed the initial concept, performed the statistical analysis and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. RSG helped develop the initial concept, provided code for deriving de- mographic metrics and phylogenetic analysis, and provided the matrix selection criteria. YMB helped develop the initial concept and advised on analysis. All authors made substantial contributions to editing the manuscript and further refining ideas and interpretations. 1 Distance and ancestry predict demography 2 ABSTRACT Plant population responses are key to understanding the effects of threats such as climate change and invasions. However, we lack demographic data for most species, and the data we have are often geographically aggregated. We determined to what extent existing data can be extrapolated to predict pop- ulation performance across larger sets of species and spatial areas. We used 550 matrix models, across 210 species, sourced from the COMPADRE Plant Matrix Database, to model how climate, geographic proximity and phylogeny predicted population performance. -
Trade in Zambian Edible Orchids—DNA Barcoding Reveals the Use of Unexpected Orchid Taxa for Chikanda
G C A T T A C G G C A T genes Article Trade in Zambian Edible Orchids—DNA Barcoding Reveals the Use of Unexpected Orchid Taxa for Chikanda Sarina Veldman 1,* , Seol-Jong Kim 1 , Tinde R. van Andel 2 , Maria Bello Font 3, Ruth E. Bone 4, Benny Bytebier 5 , David Chuba 6, Barbara Gravendeel 2,7,8 , Florent Martos 5,9 , Geophat Mpatwa 10, Grace Ngugi 5,11, Royd Vinya 10, Nicholas Wightman 12, Kazutoma Yokoya 4 and Hugo J. de Boer 1,2 1 Department of Organismal Biology, Systematic Biology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden; [email protected] (S.-J.K.); [email protected] (H.J.d.B.) 2 Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; [email protected] (T.R.v.A.); [email protected] (B.G.) 3 Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Postboks 1172, Blindern, 0318 Oslo, Norway; [email protected] 4 Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AB, UK; [email protected] (R.E.B.); [email protected] (K.Y.) 5 Bews Herbarium, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pr. Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; [email protected] (B.B.); fl[email protected] (F.M.); [email protected] (G.N.) 6 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Zambia, Box 32379 Lusaka, Zambia; [email protected] 7 Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9505, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands 8 University of Applied Sciences Leiden, Zernikedreef 11, 2333 CK Leiden, The Netherlands 9 Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum national d’histoire naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, CP50, 45 rue Buffon 75005 Paris, France 10 School of Natural Resources, The Copperbelt University, PO Box 21692 Kitwe, Zambia; [email protected] (G.M.); [email protected] (R.V.) 11 East African Herbarium, National Museums of Kenya, P.O. -
Wildlife Travel Burren 2018
The Burren 2018 species list and trip report, 7th-12th June 2018 WILDLIFE TRAVEL The Burren 2018 s 1 The Burren 2018 species list and trip report, 7th-12th June 2018 Day 1: 7th June: Arrive in Lisdoonvarna; supper at Rathbaun Hotel Arriving by a variety of routes and means, we all gathered at Caherleigh House by 6pm, sustained by a round of fresh tea, coffee and delightful home-made scones from our ever-helpful host, Dermot. After introductions and some background to the geology and floral elements in the Burren from Brian (stressing the Mediterranean component of the flora after a day’s Mediterranean heat and sun), we made our way to the Rathbaun, for some substantial and tasty local food and our first taste of Irish music from the three young ladies of Ceolan, and their energetic four-hour performance (not sure any of us had the stamina to stay to the end). Day 2: 8th June: Poulsallach At 9am we were collected by Tony, our driver from Glynn’s Coaches for the week, and following a half-hour drive we arrived at a coastal stretch of species-rich limestone pavement which represented the perfect introduction to the Burren’s flora: a stunningly beautiful mix of coastal, Mediterranean, Atlantic and Arctic-Alpine species gathered together uniquely in a natural rock garden. First impressions were of patchy grassland, sparkling with heath spotted- orchids Dactylorhiza maculata ericetorum and drifts of the ubiquitous and glowing-purple bloody crane’s-bill Geranium sanguineum, between bare rock. A closer look revealed a diverse and colourful tapestry of dozens of flowers - the yellows of goldenrod Solidago virgaurea, kidney-vetch Anthyllis vulneraria, and bird’s-foot trefoil Lotus corniculatus (and its attendant common blue butterflies Polyommatus Icarus), pink splashes of wild thyme Thymus polytrichus and the hairy local subspecies of lousewort Pedicularis sylvatica ssp.