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Checklist of the Orchids of the Crimea (Orchidaceae)

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Checklist of the Orchids of the Crimea (Orchidaceae) J. Eur. Orch. 46 (2): 407 - 436. 2014. Alexander V. Fateryga and Karel C.A.J. Kreutz Checklist of the orchids of the Crimea (Orchidaceae) Keywords Orchidaceae, checklist of species, new nomenclature combinations, hybrids, flora of the Crimea. Summary Fateryga, A.V. & C.A.J. Kreutz (2014): Checklist of the orchids of the Crimea (Orchidaceae).- J. Eur. Orch. 46 (2): 407-436. A new nomenclature checklist of the Crimean orchids with 49 taxa and 16 hybrids is proposed. Six new taxa are added and ten taxa are excluded from the latest checklist of the Crimean vascular flora published by YENA (2012). In addition, five nomenclature changes are proposed: Epipactis persica (Soó) Nannf. subsp. taurica (Fateryga & Kreutz) Fateryga & Kreutz comb. et stat. nov., Orchis mascula (L.) L. var. wanjkovii (E. Wulff) Fateryga & Kreutz stat. nov., Anacamptis ×simorrensis (E.G. Camus) H. Kretzschmar, Eccarius & H. Dietr. nothosubsp. ticinensis (Gsell) Fateryga & Kreutz stat. nov., ×Dactylocamptis uechtritziana (Hausskn.) B. Bock ex M. Peregrym & Kuzemko nothosubsp. magyarii (Soó) Fateryga & Kreutz comb. et stat. nov., and Orchis ×beyrichii Kern. nothosubsp. mackaensis (Kreutz) Fateryga & Kreutz comb. et stat. nov. Moreover, a new variety, Limodorum abortivum (L.) Sw. var. viridis Fateryga & Kreutz var. nov. is described. Zusammenfassung Fateryga, A.V. & C.A.J. Kreutz (2014): Eine Übersicht der Orchideen der Krim (Orchidaceae).- J. Eur. Orch. 46 (2): 407-436. Eine neue nomenklatorische Liste der Orchideen der Krim mit 49 Taxa und 16 Hybriden wird vorgestellt. Sechs Arten sind neu für die Krim. Zehn Taxa, die noch bei YENA (2012) in seiner Checklist aufgelistet wurden, kommen auf der Krim nicht vor und wurden gestrichen. Fünf nomenklatorische Änderungen Journal Europäischer Orchideen 46 (2): 2014. 407 werden durchgeführt: Epipactis persica (Soó) Nannf. subsp. taurica (Fateryga & Kreutz) Fateryga & Kreutz comb. et stat. nov., Orchis mascula (L.) L. var. wanjkovii (E. Wulff) Fateryga & Kreutz stat. nov., Anacamptis ×simorrensis (E.G. Camus) H. Kretzschmar, Eccarius & H. Dietr. nothosubsp. ticinensis (Gsell) Fateryga & Kreutz stat. nov., ×Dactylocamptis uechtritziana (Hausskn.) B. Bock ex M. Peregrym & Kuzemko nothosubsp. magyarii (Soó) Fateryga & Kreutz comb. et stat. nov. und Orchis ×beyrichii Kern. nothosubsp. mackaensis (Kreutz) Fateryga & Kreutz comb. et stat. nov. Schließlich wird eine neue Varietät, Limodorum abortivum (L.) Sw. var. viridis Fateryga & Kreutz var. nov. beschrieben. Резюме Фатерыга, А.В. & К.А.Й. Кройтц (2014): Чеклист орхидей Крыма (Orchidaceae).- J. Eur. Orch. 46 (2): 407-436. Предложен новый номенклатурный чеклист орхидей Крыма, насчитывающий 49 таксонов и 16 гибридов. По сравнению с последним чеклистом сосудистой флоры Крыма, опубликованным ЕНОЙ (2012), добавлено шесть таксонов и исключено десять. Предложено пять номенклатурных изменений: Epipactis persica (Soó) Nannf. subsp. taurica (Fateryga & Kreutz) Fateryga & Kreutz comb. et stat. nov., Orchis mascula (L.) L. var. wanjkovii (E. Wulff) Fateryga & Kreutz stat. nov., Anacamptis ×simorrensis (E.G. Camus) H. Kretzschmar, Eccarius & H. Dietr. nothosubsp. ticinensis (Gsell) Fateryga & Kreutz stat. nov., ×Dactylocamptis uechtritziana (Hausskn.) B. Bock ex M. Peregrym & Kuzemko nothosubsp. magyarii (Soó) Fateryga & Kreutz comb. et stat. nov. и Orchis ×beyrichii Kern. nothosubsp. mackaensis (Kreutz) Fateryga & Kreutz comb. et stat. nov. Кроме того, описана новая разновидность Limodorum abortivum (L.) Sw. var. viridis Fateryga & Kreutz var. nov. * * * Introduction The Crimean Peninsula is situated between 44°23' and 46°19' of northern latitude and 32°30' and 36°40' of eastern longitude. The distance from the most northern point of the peninsula to the most southern one is 207 km; that from 2 east to west is 324 km. The area of the Crimea is about 26,900 km (BAGROVA & al. 2001). The peninsula is divided to two main orographical parts: a large flat part on the north and mountain part on the south. The Crimean Mountains 408 Journal Europäischer Orchideen 46 (2): 2014. stretch for 180 km from south-west to north-east (from Sevastopol to Feodosiya) and consist of three main ridges. A total of 47 landscape types can be recognized in the Crimea; eight belonging to the flat part of the peninsula and 39 to the mountain one. These landscapes comprise seven major habitat zones: semi-desert steppe and saline lands, true steppes (mainly tilled), premontane forest steppes, forests of the northern mountain slopes, mountain meadows and yayla (= alpine meadow) steppes, forests of the southern mountain slopes, and submediterranean vegetation of the south coast (BIODIVERSITY SUPPORT PROGRAM 1999: map 2). According to the latest review (YENA 2012: 201-204), the vascular flora of the Crimea includes 127 plant families, 760 genera and 2,536 species and subspecies, including 106 endemics, 156 neophytes and 12 extinct taxa. The history of the study of the Crimean orchids covers more than 200 years. The first significant floristic contributions to the knowledge of the Crimean vascular flora (including orchids) were published by such famous botanists as PALLAS (1795), MARSCHALL VON BIEBERSTEIN (1808), and VON STEVEN (1857) (YENA 2012: 146-150; HAHN 2012: 9-59). However, the first comprehensive review of the Crimean orchids which should be noticed specially was published by WULFF (1930: 77-124). He listed 44 species with two additional varieties and 10 hybrids; this list was an excellent basis for further contributions. NEVSKI (1935: 589-730) listed only 38 orchid species in the Crimean flora, combining several pairs of closely related taxa with each other. Additional corrections to Wulff’s list were published by PRIVALOVA & PROKUDIN (1959: 72-80) who added one species, namely Spiranthes spiralis (L.) Chevall., and excluded two others which had been in their opinion incorrectly identified. The next important list of the Crimean orchids was published as an identification key of the vascular plants of the Crimea (RUBTZOV 1972: 96-103); this also listed 38 orchid species. Four years later SMOLYANINOVA (1976: 10-59) listed 44 species and 3 additional subspecies of Orchis mascula (L.) L. In comparison with WULFF (l.c), she also added Epipactis atrorubens (Hoffm.) Besser and excluded S. spiralis. PROKUDIN (1987: 405-412) listed 42 orchid species in a key for the vascular flora of Ukraine. Both RUBTZOV (l.c.) and PROKUDIN (l.c.) did not add any data on new findings of any taxa but obviously used mainly the data already published by WULFF (l.c.). The different numbers of species in their lists were only the result of different opinions regarding the taxonomy of several problematic species. In SOBKO (1989: 73-177) 42 species of orchids were listed for the Crimean flora. A further new species for the flora of the Crimea was Neotinea ustulata (L.) R.M. Bateman, Pridgeon & M.W. Chase discovered by ALEKSEEV (1993: 101- 102). All data on the Crimean orchids available up to the end of the 20th century were summarized by GOLUBEV (1996, republished in 2008: 77-78) and Journal Europäischer Orchideen 46 (2): 2014. 409 POPKOVA (2001: 39-53). Their lists were identical and contained in total 47 species. Both lists were synoptic and made without any critical review of available herbarium material; both lists were therefore similar to the data provided by SMOLYANINOVA (1976: 10-59) but with N. ustulata and without Orchis mascula (L.) L. subsp. pinetorum (Boiss. & Kotschy) E.G. Camus which had been listed in the regional flora since WULFF (1930: 98). Other subspecies of O. mascula were regarded as separate species. At the beginning of the 21th century three new orchid species were added to the flora of the Crimea: Himantoglossum affine (Boiss.) Schltr. (YENA & al. 2008: 472), Epipactis purpurata Smith and Epipactis condensata Boiss. ex D.P. Young (EFIMOV 2008: 72-77). However, the first was later synonymized with Himantoglossum caprinum (M. Bieb.) Spreng. (SRAMKÓ & al. 2012: 21- 24; MOLNÁR & al. 2012: 8-10). The record of N. ustulata and the erroneous record of Orchis signifera Vest = Orchis mascula subsp. speciosa (Mutel) Hegi, published by SMOLYANINOVA (1976: 44) were not included in the Red Book of Ukraine (DIDUKH 2009: 203-211) which listed 45 orchid species for the Crimea. After that, the most recent comprehensive, but still synoptic, list of the Crimean orchids was published by YENA (2012: 146-150), where a total of 50 species and subspecies were listed. This list was based on GOLUBEV (2008: 77-78) but excluding Orchis mascula (L.) L. subsp. wanjkovii (E. Wulff) Soó (which was reduced to O. mascula s. str.) and adding S. spiralis, two Epipactis species listed by EFIMOV (2008: 72-77) and Epipactis persica (Soó) Nannf. The latter species was added to the flora of the Crimea for the first time under that name although had previously been listed by WULFF (1930: 116) under the name “Epipactis latifolia (L.) All. var. latifolia f. gracilis Dager.” now considered conspecific with Epipactis albensis Nováková & Rydlo which does not grow in the Crimea. Several new floristic findings and taxonomical opinions (mainly relative to the genus Epipactis) were not included into Yena’s list because they were published later (FATERYGA & KREUTZ 2012: 201-202; HAHN 2012: 33-37; KREUTZ & FATERYGA 2012: 713-715; FATERYGA & al. 2013: 652-654; FATERYGA & al. 2014: 24) or related only to the new variety Anacamptis pyramidalis (L.) Rich. var. orientalis Kreutz (KREUTZ 2011: 276-278) (Yena’s list was restricted to species and subspecies). The purpose
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