DOCSLIB.ORG

Review Article Conservation Status of the Family Orchidaceae in Spain Based on European, National, and Regional Catalogues of Protected Species

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Review Article Conservation Status of the Family Orchidaceae in Spain Based on European, National, and Regional Catalogues of Protected Species Hind ile Scientific Volume 2018, Article ID 7958689, 18 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/7958689 Hindawi Review Article Conservation Status of the Family Orchidaceae in Spain Based on European, National, and Regional Catalogues of Protected Species Daniel de la Torre Llorente© Biotechnology-Plant Biology Department, Higher Technical School of Agronomic, Food and Biosystems Engineering, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, 28140 Madrid, Spain Correspondence should be addressed to Daniel de la Torre Llorente; [email protected] Received 22 June 2017; Accepted 28 December 2017; Published 30 January 2018 Academic Editor: Antonio Amorim Copyright © 2018 Daniel de la Torre Llorente. Tis is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Tis report reviews the European, National, and Regional catalogues of protected species, focusing specifcally on the Orchidaceae family to determine which species seem to be well-protected and where they are protected. Moreover, this examination highlights which species appear to be underprotected and therefore need to be included in some catalogues of protection or be catalogued under some category of protection. Te national and regional catalogues that should be implemented are shown, as well as what species should be included within them. Tis report should be a helpful guideline for environmental policies about orchids conservation in Spain, at least at the regional and national level. Around 76% of the Spanish orchid fora are listed with any fgure of protection or included in any red list, either nationally (about 12-17%) or regionally (72%). 1. Introduction 1970, herborization by numerous Spanish botanists has generated many studies, resulting in the development of Te family Orchidaceae is widely represented in Europe, abundant local, provincial, and regional catalogues of the with 35 known genera, of which 25 are present in the Iberian territory, which contain new information concerning Iberian Peninsula—26 including the Canary Islands—where representatives of the Orchidaceae family, such as Granada the representation of this family is one of the most extensive [6, 7], Navarre [8], Portugal [9, 10], Albacete [11], Andalusia ones, at least on an extratropical, equivalent level or only [12, 13], Balearic Islands [14, 15], Cuenca [16, 17], Extremadura slightly lower than in other countries of the Mediterranean [18, 19], Jae´n [20], Burgos [21–23], Catalonia [24–26], Alicante region. Taxonomic and foristic studies of this family in [27, 28], M´alaga [29], Almer´ıa [30], Galicia [31, 32], La Rioja the Iberian Peninsula have been increasing slowly, though [33], the Basque Country [34], Murcia [35], and Arago´n in a fragmented way over time. Te frst published quotes [36]. Te most updated and complete corological work that regarding the Orchidaceae family date back to 1861 [1, 2], collects information on the distribution of Orchidaceae in the and the frst in-depth study of the family was conducted autonomous community of Madrid dates to 1994 [37]. Later in 1887 [3]. Later, in 1930, a doctoral thesis examining the works have helped to supplement such information [38]. species in Spanish territory was published [4], but it was Additional evidence of incipient interest in the Orchi- not until 1973 that a compendium comprising more or less daceae family is the publication of several European and all knowledge of Spanish orchids to date was published [5]. Mediterranean orchid guidelines [39–46]. All this research Since the 1960s, numerous French, Belgian, German, and work has generated an intense proliferation of names given English orchidologists have visited Spain and have extensively to members of the Orchidaceae family in Spanish territories. contributed, with the description of new taxa, to taxonomic However, recent works are helping to simplify the nomencla­ and corological knowledge of this family. In addition, since ture complexity of existing synonymy for this family. Tese 2 Te Scientifc World Journal works include the entire family, certain subfamilies, tribes or (1) Andalusia [94, 95] subtribes [47–60], or more specifc works at the level of cer­ (2) Arago´n [96–98] tain genera like Serapias [61], Dactylorhiza [62, 63], Nigritella and Gymnadenia [64–66], Anacamptis, Orchis, and Neotinea (3) Asturias [99] [67–69], Limnorchis and Platanthera [70], Chamorchis and (4) Balearic Islands [100] Tr a u n s t e i n e r a [71], or Ophrys [72, 73]. (5) Basque Country [101–103] Te study of the taxa in this family, specifcally its conservation and stability in landscapes, is essential for the (6) Canary Islands [104, 105] stability of the vegetation and landscape [19]. Much of the (7) Cantabria [106] representatives of the family Orchidaceae appear in areas with minimal processing and a certain environmental stability, (8) Castilla-La Mancha [107, 108] although there may be human presence. Tis situation has (9) Castilla y Leo´n [109] facilitated the use of orchids as bioindicators in the envi­ (10) Catalonia [110] ronmental management of the territory in dehesas [74] and deciduous forests [75] and in the conservation of habitats. (11) Comunidad Valenciana [111] (12) Extremadura [112] 2. Material and Methods (13) Galicia [113] Te nomenclature suggested by Flora iberica has been fol­ (14) La Rioja [114] lowed in this work for the family Orchidaceae [76]. (15) Madrid [115] Te following catalogues and regulations have been (16) Murcia [116] checked. At the European level, the following have been consulted: (17) Navarre [117]. (i) Habitats Directive [77] Te data obtained from the aforementioned catalogues (ii) Berne Convention [78]. were analysed, and the results of this analysis are presented in the Results of this report. At the national level, the following have been consulted: Te taxa included in the CNEA were those species, subspecies, or populations of wild fora that require specifc (i) National Catalogue of Treatened Species (CNEA) [79] measures of protection. Te category in which those taxa and successive modifcations and updates that afect must be included is determined by considering threat factors the Orchidaceae family [80–82] facing the taxa throughout its natural distribution area inside (ii) Law on Natural Heritage and Biodiversity [83] the national territory, notwithstanding any potential mitigat­ ing or aggravating local circumstances of that threat [79]. As (iii) Red List of Spanish Vascular Flora [84] and successive a rule, a species, subspecies, or populations of wild fora that modifcations and updates: require specifc or special measures of protection and conser­ (iv) 2008 Red List of Spanish Vascular Flora [85] vation must be included in regional catalogues. Besides, some (v) 2010 Red List of Spanish Vascular Flora, updated with regions include more specifc criteria for their catalogues. For the data of the Addendum 2010 to the Atlas and Red example, the RC of the Balearic Islands includes those taxa Book of the Vascular Treatened Flora [86] that require conservation measures because of their special interest or because the taxa are not included in the CNEA (vi) Atlas and Red Book of the Vascular Treatened Flora [100]; the RC of the Canary Islands includes those taxa that [86–89]. require specifc measures of protection or that are interesting for Canarian ecosystems [105]; the RC of Extremadura, the At the regional level, the following have been consulted: RC of Galicia, and the RC of La Rioja include those taxa (i) Plan of Recovery of Cypripedium calceolus L. in Arago´ n that require specifc measures of protection attending to [90]—the only regional plan for recovery of orchids in their rarity, singularity, representativeness, or exceptional Spain nature [112–114]. Te RC of Catalonia includes those taxa that are threatened in Catalonia and that require conservation (ii) Plans for recovery and conservation of certain wild measures according to their ecological and environmental species and habitats protected in Andalusia [91] values [110]. Te RC of Castilla-La Mancha includes those (iii) Red List of the Vascular Flora of Andalusia [92] taxa that are native to Castilla-La Mancha and maintain stable populations in the region, are subjected to threat factors, (iv) Red List of the Vascular Flora of CAPV (Comunidad or are of special interest, thus requiring specifc measures Auto´noma del Pa´ıs Vasco), thereafer Red List of the of protection [107]. Te RC of Andalusia includes those Basque Country [93]. taxa that deserve special attention and protection due to Likewise, this study examined the seventeen correspond­ their scientifc, ecological, or cultural value or due to their ing regional catalogues (RC) of each of the seventeen singularity, rarity, or degree of threat; it includes as well those autonomous Spanish communities: taxa that are protected in diferent appendixes of international Te Scientifc World Journal 3 directives and agreements ratifed by Spain [94]; the same Once the National Catalogue of Treatened Species [79] criteria are expressed in the Law on Natural Heritage and was revised, no orchid species were found; subsequent addi­ Biodiversity [83]. tions and modifcations included H. metlesicsianum in the Danger of Extinction category (included as B. metlesicsiana) [80] and subsequently C. calceolus in the same category [81]. 3. Results and Discussion In the recent update of the CNEA in 2011 [82], the two 3.1. At the European Level. Cypripedium calceolus L. and Spi- species listed frst (H. metlesicsianum and C. calceolus) have ranthes aestivalis (Poir.) Rich. are the two only orchid species the same category of protection, and two more species are included in the Habitats Directive whose distribution area added in the List of Wild Species in Regime of Special includes Spain [77]. No orchid species whose distribution Protection, Orchis provincialis Balb. and S. aestivalis. area includes Spain appear in the Berne Convention [78]. O. provincialis presents a kind of Mediterranean distri­ bution that restricts its presence mainly to the northern and western areas of the Iberian Peninsula.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • H3.3 Macaronesian Inland Cliff
    European Red List of Habitats - Screes Habitat Group H3.3 Macaronesian inland cliff Summary The perennial vegetation of crevices and ledges of cliff faces in Macaronesia away from coastal salt-spray is of very diverse character - some, for example, dominated by succulents, others rich in ferns and bryophytes characteristic of shaded situations - and it includes several hundreds of taxa endemic to the archipelagoes. The main threats are mountaineering and rock climbing, outdoor sports and leisure activities, and construction of infrastructures such as roads and motorways. Synthesis There is no evidence of significant past reductions, either in the last 50 years or historically, and also future prospects are good, as no serious threats are envisaged, besides touristic/leisure activities and putative faulty environmental impact assessments that may overlook this habitat as valuable. Reduction in quantity, reduction in quality and criteria of geographic distribution yield the Least Concern (LC) category. In spite of the LC category, conservation policy and management should restrict to the maximum any threat to or reduction of the habitat, as it has a very high conservation value, because of high endemism of species and communities with many local and regional variaties. Overall Category & Criteria EU 28 EU 28+ Red List Category Red List Criteria Red List Category Red List Criteria Least Concern - Least Concern - Sub-habitat types that may require further examination Four general subtypes can be distinguished based on species composition and different ecological conditions. However, at present, no data are available to carry out an individual assessment of each of them. In the future, if detailed plot sampling has been carried out, such an evaluation may be possible.
    [Show full text]
  • A Phylogenomic Analysis of the Floral Transcriptomes of Sexually Deceptive and Rewarding European Orchids, Ophrys and Gymnadenia
    Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2019 A phylogenomic analysis of the floral transcriptomes of sexually deceptive and rewarding European orchids, Ophrys and Gymnadenia Pineiro Fernandez, Laura ; Byers, Kelsey J R P ; Cai, Jing ; Sedeek, Khalid E M ; Kellenberger, Roman T ; Russo, Alessia ; Qi, Weihong ; Aquino Fournier, Catharine ; Schlüter, Philipp M Abstract: The orchids (Orchidaceae) constitute one of the largest and most diverse families of flowering plants. They have evolved a great variety of adaptations to achieve pollination by a diverse group of pollinators. Many orchids reward their pollinators, typically with nectar, but the family is also well- known for employing deceptive pollination strategies in which there is no reward for the pollinator, in the most extreme case by mimicking sexual signals of pollinators. In the European flora, two examples of these different pollination strategies are the sexually deceptive genus Ophrys and the rewarding genus Gymnadenia, which differ in their level of pollinator specialization; Ophrys is typically pollinated by pseudo-copulation of males of a single insect species, whilst Gymnadenia attracts a broad range of floral visitors. Here, we present and describe the annotated floral transcriptome of Ophrys iricolor, an Andrena- pollinated representative of the genus Ophrys that is widespread throughout the Aegean. Furthermore, we present additional floral transcriptomes of both sexually deceptive and rewarding orchids, specifi- cally the deceptive Ophrys insectifera, Ophrys aymoninii, and an updated floral transcriptome of Ophrys sphegodes, as well as the floral transcriptomes of the rewarding orchids Gymnadenia conopsea, Gym- nadenia densiflora, Gymnadenia odoratissima, and Gymnadenia rhellicani (syn.
    [Show full text]
  • Flora Protetta (Misure Generali Di Conservazione Di Rete Natura 2000, Protezione Della Flora Spontanea) 2018 Dir
    Flora protetta (Misure Generali di Conservazione di Rete Natura 2000, Protezione della Flora spontanea) 2018 Dir. Rete LR 2/77 Divisione Ordine Famiglia Taxon RER Sinonimie Habitat Natura 2000 Flora All. II-IV MGC spontanea Acarosporales Acarosporaceae Acarospora placodiiformis X Ascomycota Arthoniales Roccellaceae Ingaderia troglodytica Paralecanographa grumulosa X Lecanorales Cladoniaceae Cladonia spp. (group) X Entolomataceae Entoloma bloxamii X Agaricales Psathyrellaceae Psathyrella ammophila X Boletaceae Boletus dupainii X Boletales Paxillaceae Alpova rubescens X Basidiomycota Hymanochaetales Hymenochaetaceae Fomitiporia pseudopunctata Phellinus pseudopunctatus X Pezizales Pezizaceae Peziza pseudoammophila X Russulales Hericiaceae Hericium erinaceus X Xylariales Xylariaceae Poronia punctata X Bryales Bryaceae Bryum warneum Bryum oelandicum X Buxbaumiales Buxbaumiaceae Buxbaumia viridis X X Dicranales Leucobryaceae Leucobryum glaucum X Bryophyta Hypnales Amblystegiaceae Drepanocladus vernicosus Hamatocaulis vernicosus X X Othothrichales Othothrichaceae Orthotrichum rogeri X Pottiales Pottiaceae Tortula revolvens X Sphagnales Sphagnaceae Sphagnum spp. (group) X Diphasiastrum tristachyum Diphasium tristachyum X Diphasiastrum alpinum X Lycopodiales Lycopodiaceae Huperzia selago X Lycopodiophyta Lycopodium annotinum X Lycopodium clavatum X Selaginellales Selaginellaceae Selaginella selaginoides X Caldesia parnassifolia X X Alismataceae Baldellia ranunculoides X Alismatales Sagittaria sagittifolia X Hydrocharitaceae Stratiotes aloides
    [Show full text]
  • Epipactis Tremolsii Seed Diversity in Two Close but Extremely Different Populations: Just a Case of Intraspecific Variability?
    plants Article Epipactis tremolsii Seed Diversity in Two Close but Extremely Different Populations: Just a Case of Intraspecific Variability? 1 1, , 1 2 Antonio De Agostini , Pierluigi Cortis * y , Annalena Cogoni , Roberta Gargiulo and Giuseppe Fenu 1 1 Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Sant’Ignazio da Laconi 13, 09123 Cagliari, CA, Italy; [email protected] (A.D.A.); [email protected] (A.C.); [email protected] (G.F.) 2 Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Richmond, Surrey TW9 3DS, UK; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Shared first co-authorship. y Received: 9 November 2020; Accepted: 20 November 2020; Published: 23 November 2020 Abstract: Analysis of the seed morphology is a widely used approach in ecological and taxonomic studies. In this context, intraspecific variability with respect to seed morphology (size, weight, and density) was assessed in two close Epipactis tremolsii Pau. populations sharing the same ecological conditions, except for the soil pollution distinguishing one of them. Larger and heavier seeds were found in plants growing on the heavy metal polluted site, while no differences in seed density were detected between seeds produced by plants growing on the contaminated and the control site. Moreover, seed coats and embryos varying together in their dimensions were described in the control population, while coats varying in their size independently from embryos were described in plants growing on the polluted site. Seeds from the two studied populations significantly differed in several parameters suggesting that intraspecific seed variability occurred in the case study. Keywords: Epipactis; intraspecific variability; seed ecology; seed morphometry; heavy metals 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Actes Du 15E Colloque Sur Les Orchidées De La Société Française D’Orchidophilie
    Cah. Soc. Fr. Orch., n° 7 (2010) – Actes 15e colloque de la Société Française d’Orchidophilie, Montpellier Actes du 15e colloque sur les Orchidées de la Société Française d’Orchidophilie du 30 mai au 1er juin 2009 Montpellier, Le Corum Comité d’organisation : Daniel Prat, Francis Dabonneville, Philippe Feldmann, Michel Nicole, Aline Raynal-Roques, Marc-Andre Selosse, Bertrand Schatz Coordinateurs des Actes Daniel Prat & Bertrand Schatz Affiche du Colloque : Conception : Francis Dabonneville Photographies de Francis Dabonneville & Bertrand Schatz Cahiers de la Société Française d’Orchidophilie, N° 7, Actes du 15e Colloque sur les orchidées de la Société Française d’Orchidophilie. ISSN 0750-0386 © SFO, Paris, 2010 Certificat d’inscription à la commission paritaire N° 55828 ISBN 978-2-905734-17-4 Actes du 15e colloque sur les Orchidées de la Société Française d’Orchidophilie, D. Prat et B. Schatz, Coordinateurs, SFO, Paris, 2010, 236 p. Société Française d’Orchidophilie 17 Quai de la Seine, 75019 Paris Cah. Soc. Fr. Orch., n° 7 (2010) – Actes 15e colloque de la Société Française d’Orchidophilie, Montpellier Préface Ce 15e colloque marque le 40e anniversaire de notre société, celle-ci ayant vu le jour en 1969. Notre dernier colloque se tenait il y a 10 ans à Paris en 1999, 10 ans c’est long, 10 ans c’est très loin. Il fallait que la SFO renoue avec cette traditionnelle organisation de colloques, manifestation qui a contribué à lui accorder la place prépondérante qu’elle occupe au sein des orchidophiles français et de la communauté scientifique. C’est chose faite aujourd’hui. Nombreux sont les thèmes qui font l’objet de communications par des intervenants dont les compétences dans le domaine de l’orchidologie ne sont plus à prouver.
    [Show full text]
  • Die Gattung Epipactis Und Ihre Systematische Stellung Innnerhalb Der Unterfamilie Neottioideae, Im Lichte Enhvickiungsgeschichtli- Eher Untersuchungen
    Jber. natnrwiss. Ver Wuppertal 51 43 - 100 Wuppertal, 15.9.1998 Die Gattung Epipactis und ihre systematische Stellung innnerhalb der Unterfamilie Neottioideae, im Lichte enhvickiungsgeschichtli- eher Untersuchungen. Kar1 Robatsch Mit Zeichnungen von L. FREIDINGER und C. A. MRKVICKA Zusammenfassung: Die systematische Stellung der Gattung Epipactis in der Subtribus Cephalantherinae wie auch die Stel- lung dieser Subtribus innerhalb der Unterfamilie Neottioideae wird an Beispielen enhvickungsgeschicht- licher Untersuchungen diskutiert. Nach den neuesten molekularen Daten, die aus DNA-Sequenzanalysen gewonnen wurden, ist ein Stammbaum erstellt worden, in dem die Neottioideae in die "epidendroids" eingereiht wurden. Das steht im Widerspruch zu dem in unserer Arbeit praktizierten Klassifikations- System, das in "Die Orcliideen" R. SCHLECHTER in der Bearbeitung von F. BMEGER und K. SENGHAS venvendet wird. Die Ableitung einer Orchideenblüte aus dem Liliiflorae-Erbe ermögliclit eine Differentialdiagnose zwi- schen den Orchidaceae und den Apostasiaceae. Die Apostasiaceae, die viele Autoren als Unterfamilie Apostasioideae zu den Orchidaceae stellen, werden durch vergleichende Blütenanalysen von dieser Familie abgetrennt. Der Entwickiungstendenz des Gynoeceums der Orchideen, durch die es zum Auf- bau eines Rostellums mit seinen Organen kommt, steht die Reduktionstendenz des Gynoeceums der Apostasiaceae, durch die es zu einer Verminderung des ursprünglich trimeren Stigmas kommt, gegen- über. Die Autogamie der Gattung Epipactis (Sektion Epipactis)
    [Show full text]
  • Conserving Europe's Threatened Plants
    Conserving Europe’s threatened plants Progress towards Target 8 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation Conserving Europe’s threatened plants Progress towards Target 8 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation By Suzanne Sharrock and Meirion Jones May 2009 Recommended citation: Sharrock, S. and Jones, M., 2009. Conserving Europe’s threatened plants: Progress towards Target 8 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation Botanic Gardens Conservation International, Richmond, UK ISBN 978-1-905164-30-1 Published by Botanic Gardens Conservation International Descanso House, 199 Kew Road, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3BW, UK Design: John Morgan, [email protected] Acknowledgements The work of establishing a consolidated list of threatened Photo credits European plants was first initiated by Hugh Synge who developed the original database on which this report is based. All images are credited to BGCI with the exceptions of: We are most grateful to Hugh for providing this database to page 5, Nikos Krigas; page 8. Christophe Libert; page 10, BGCI and advising on further development of the list. The Pawel Kos; page 12 (upper), Nikos Krigas; page 14: James exacting task of inputting data from national Red Lists was Hitchmough; page 16 (lower), Jože Bavcon; page 17 (upper), carried out by Chris Cockel and without his dedicated work, the Nkos Krigas; page 20 (upper), Anca Sarbu; page 21, Nikos list would not have been completed. Thank you for your efforts Krigas; page 22 (upper) Simon Williams; page 22 (lower), RBG Chris. We are grateful to all the members of the European Kew; page 23 (upper), Jo Packet; page 23 (lower), Sandrine Botanic Gardens Consortium and other colleagues from Europe Godefroid; page 24 (upper) Jože Bavcon; page 24 (lower), Frank who provided essential advice, guidance and supplementary Scumacher; page 25 (upper) Michael Burkart; page 25, (lower) information on the species included in the database.
    [Show full text]
  • Orchid Observations in Croatia in 2016
    1 Orchid observations in Croatia in 201 6 Frank Verhart, Maastricht , the Nether lands [email protected] I ntroduction and general remarks As in 2014/2015 I visited Croatia for observation of wild orchids. In 2016 I went to Croatia twice. From 14 april until 1 May I was on the Southern Dalmatian peninsula Pelješac and from 11 until 30 June I explored the area between the Plitvice National Park and the city of Karlovac in the counties Lika - Senj and Karlovac. As always I did observations o f wild orchids on locations often not registered in the Flora Croatica Database (FCD) , a project of the Department of Botany of the University of Zagreb . At Pelješac interesting observations I did include those of Cephalanthera damasonium and Orchis ustula ta , as both have not been reported before from the peninsula. I found Epipactis microphylla , Ophrys bombyliflora and Serapias ionica , all of which have been recorded very rarely from Pelješac in the past. The visit to the inland of Croatia in June also yie lded observations of Epipactis microphylla , however by far the most frequently seen orchid species was Orchis ustulata of which a great many locations were recorded, many of those new. In the next chapters I present the results of these visits. Distrib ution maps The distribution maps in this article were taken from the Flora Croatica Database (FCD, Nikolić 2016 ) . The units of distribution are based on MTB, a current standard for mapping flora in Croatia. MTB is an abbreviation of the German “ “Meßtischblätter” , which means topographic map and corresponds with 10 degrees longitude and 6 degrees latitude grid.
    [Show full text]
  • Flora of Mentone, and to a Winter Flora of the Riviei'a, Including the Coast from Marseilles to Genoa
    s liii Mm, r : CONTRIBUTIONS FLORA OF MEI^TO^E Mmt^r Jfkra ai tlje glibkra, INCLUDING THE COAST FROM MARSEILLES TO GENOA LmmAMY J. TRAHERNE MOGGRIDGE, F.L.S. LONDON L. REEVE & CO., 5, HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN. 1871. t LONDON : SAVILL, EDWARDS AND CO.. PRINTERS, CHANDOS STREET COVENT GARDEN. LT»tAKV PEEFACE. The want of an illustrated Continental Flora has long been felt by tourists, invalids, and others, who fail, either from want of power or inclination, to determine their plants by the present available means. Though unable at present to commence such an undertaking, I hope that the present work may afford some facilities which may induce not a few invalids and others to turn their attention to the study of the wild flowers of the district, and thus find a pleasant subject for recreation. When considering the thousands of idle hands which J every winter pull myriads of flowers to pieces south of the Alps, and the restless energies all for employment in weary I thousand craving ^^ satiety of absolute rest, it becomes quite a marvel that these hundred- ^ handed colonies of English should so rarely be set to work at drawing '>^ for publication some few of the wonderful objects of Natural History by "^ which they are everywhere surrounded. In the water, the earth, the • air, unknown wonders await dilio;ent search and investigation, while y ' O O ' S the host of things half-known teems with opportunity for scientific inquiry. Well-directed research in any definite direction must afford a> happy employment for the invalid, and tend towards the advance- ir5 ment of knowledge.
    [Show full text]
  • The Red Data List of Irish Plants
    The Red Data List of Irish Plants The risks that species face are each very different, however, as a guide to the susceptibility of a given species, an agreed set of categories has been established internationally, and these are used to determine the potential risk that a species could become extinct. These categories are:- CRITICALLY ENDANGERED or CR - Species that are declining at a fast rate, and face imminent risk of extinction. ENDANGERED or E - Species that are declining, or grow in habitats likely to be disturbed, 'developed' or facing an ongoing degradation. VULNERABLE or V - Species that are currently not endangered, but would be extremely vulnerable if their habitats are disturbed in the future. There are seven species of plant that require immediate intervention (CR) if we are to save them from joining the fate of 11 other species that are now known to be extinct in Ireland. A number of these are already extinct in the Republic, and are not therefore legally protected under the 1999 Flora Protection Act. In the list below, 188 species of plant are listed, of which 64 are flowering plants, 4 ferns, 14 mosses, 4 liverworts, 1 lichen and 2 algae. Protected=1999 Flora Protection Order; (protected)= formerly protected by 1987 Order; {protected}= formerly protected by 1980 Order; (NI)= protected in Northern Ireland only. EXTINCT (9) Pheasant's-eye Adonis annua -- Corncockle Agrostemma githago Cogal Corn Chamomile Anthemis arvensis Fíogadán goirt Purple Spurge Euphorbia peplis Spuirse dhearg Sea Stock Matthiola sinuata Tonóg chladaigh
    [Show full text]
  • Handbook a “Improving the Availability of Data and Information
    Improving the availability of data and information on species, habitats and sites Focus Area A Handbook on the application of existing scientific approaches, methods, tools and knowledge for a better implementation of the Birds and Habitat Directives Environment FOCUS AREA A IMPROVING THE AVAILABILITY OF DATA AND i INFORMATION ON SPECIES, HABITATS AND SITES Imprint Disclaimer This document has been prepared for the European Commis- sion. The information and views set out in the handbook are Citation those of the authors only and do not necessarily reflect the Schmidt, A.M. & Van der Sluis, T. (2021). E-BIND Handbook (Part A): Improving the availability of data and official opinion of the Commission. The Commission does not information on species, habitats and sites. Wageningen Environmental Research/ Ecologic Institute /Milieu Ltd. guarantee the accuracy of the data included. The Commission Wageningen, The Netherlands. or any person acting on the Commission’s behalf cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information Authors contained therein. Lead authors: This handbook has been prepared under a contract with the Anne Schmidt, Chris van Swaay (Monitoring of species and habitats within and beyond Natura 2000 sites) European Commission, in cooperation with relevant stakehold- Sander Mücher, Gerard Hazeu (Remote sensing techniques for the monitoring of Natura 2000 sites) ers. (EU Service contract Nr. 07.027740/2018/783031/ENV.D.3 Anne Schmidt, Chris van Swaay, Rene Henkens, Peter Verweij (Access to data and information) for evidence-based improvements in the Birds and Habitat Kris Decleer, Rienk-Jan Bijlsma (Approaches and tools for effective restoration measures for species and habitats) directives (BHD) implementation: systematic review and meta- Theo van der Sluis, Rob Jongman (Green Infrastructure and network coherence) analysis).
    [Show full text]
  • Odontoglossum Orchidaceae. O. Chiriquense
    138 Origin: from Baronscourt Nurseries, Newtownstewart, Co. Tyrone, but the exact history is not recorded. Now rare, but O it has been distributed by Gary Dunlop, Ballyrogan Odontoglossum Nurseries, Newtownards, Co. Down, who named the plant. Orchidaceae. refs: G. Dunlop (in litt. 25 January 1998); Ballyrogan Nurseries plant lists 1996, 1997 [without description] O. chiriquense ‘Glasnevin Variety’ c. 1900 syn: Oncidium coronarium, Odontoglossum coronarium O. macrodonta [dwarf] before 1922 Flowers plain yellow (without brown markings); in A dwarf shrub ... ‘I have never seen bloom on the dwarf Olearia’ many-flowered inflorescence, about 6cm across. (Praeger 1922). Origin: presumably from the Royal Botanic Gardens, Origin: from Carrablagh, Co. Donegal, noticed by H. C. Hart. Glasnevin, but its origins are not recorded; the species This is said by Praeger (1922) to have arisen ‘curiously comes from central America and Peru. enough, in the same garden ... at Carrablagh on Lough award: AM (17 July 1900), shown by Royal Botanic Gardens, Swilly’ as Escallonia rubra ‘Woodside’ (qv.). Carrablagh and Glasnevin. Woodside belonged to Henry Chichester Hart and his ref: Journ. Roy. Hort. Soc. 25 (1900): clii. family. ref: Ir. gardening 17 (1922): 18-19. ❀❀❀ O. nitida ‘Castlewellan Variety’ c. 1912 Oenothera ‘much better than the type’. Onagraceae. Evening primrose. Origin: from Daisy Hill Nursery, Newry, Co. Down; t his would have been obtained from Earl Annesley, who had a O. fruticosa ‘Lady Brookeborough’ remarkable garden at Castlewellan (see Nelson & Deane unknown syn: O. tetragona ‘Lady Brookeborough’, ‘Lady Brookborough’ (1993)). The name appears in manuscript in Smith’s Flowers ‘large and brilliant’. annotated copy of catalogue no.
    [Show full text]