CANADIAN MILITARY JOURNAL Vol. 17, No. 1, Winter 2016 Vol. 17, No. 1, Winter 2016 CONTENTS 3 EDITOR’S CORNER 4 LETTER TO THE EDITOR CANADA’S MILITARY OF TOMORROW 5 Core Competencies and the Army: A Complex yet Potentially Rewarding Relationship Cover by Christopher Young A CC-177 Globemaster III 15 From an International Strategy to Tactical Actions: aircraft prepares to land How Canada Could Run Campaigns at Thule Air Force Base, by Erick Simoneau Greenland, after dropping off 25 Simple Changes, Strategic Gain: equipment at Canadian Forces The Case for Personnel Recovery in Canada Base Alert during Operation by James Pierotti Boxtop, 30 September 2016. Credit: DND photo TN11-2016-0804-018 PERSONNEL ISSUES by Corporal Ryan Moulton 38 Reflections of a Liaison Officer by James McKay MILITARY HISTORY 47 Canadian Infantry in North Africa, January–May 1943 by R. Daniel Pellerin 57 The Missiles of Anadyr: Soviet Cold War Plans That Could Have Included the Destruction of RCAF Station Comox, 1962–1969 by Sean M. Maloney VIEWS AND OPINIONS 68 150 Years of Military History in Downtown Montreal Core Competencies and by Diane Joly the Army: A Complex yet 75 Poland’s Choice for Patriot Potentially Rewarding by Debalina Ghoshal Relationship COMMENTARY 79 Maritime Futures Revisited by Martin Shadwick 84 BOOK REVIEWS From an International Strategy to Tactical Actions: How Canada Could Run Campaigns Canadian Military Journal/Revue militaire canadienne is the official professional journal of the Canadian Armed Forces and the Department of National Defence. It is published quarterly under authority of the Minister of National Defence. Opinions expressed or implied in this publication are those of the author, and do not necessarily represent the views of the Department of National Defence, the Canadian Armed Forces, Canadian Military Journal, or any agency of the Government of Canada. Crown copyright is retained. Articles may be reproduced with permission of the Editor, on condition that appropriate credit is given to Canadian Military Journal. Each issue of the Journal is published simultaneously in print and electronic versions; it is available on the Internet at www.journal.forces.gc.ca. ISSN 1492-465X Vol. 17, No. 1, Winter 2016 • Canadian Military Journal 1 How to Contact Us CANADIAN Canadian Military Journal MILITARY PO Box 17000, Station Forces Kingston, Ontario JOURNAL CANADA, K7K 7B4 www.journal.forces.gc.ca Fax: (613) 541-6866 E-mail: [email protected] Editor-in-Chief Translation David L. Bashow Translation Bureau, (613) 541-5010 ext. 6148 Public Services and Procurement Canada [email protected] Publication Manager Commentary Claire Chartrand Martin Shadwick (613) 541-5010 ext. 6837 [email protected] Editorial Advisor Michael Boire Oversight Committee Simple Changes, Strategic Gain: The Case Chairman for Personnel Recovery Brigadier-General S.J.R. Whelan, Commander, Canadian Defence Academy (CDA) in Canada Members Mr. David L. Bashow, Editor-in-Chief, Brigadier-General S.G. Friday, Commandant Canadian Military Journal (CMJ) Royal Military College of Canada (RMCC) Colonel Marty Cournoyer, representing Major Chris Young, representing Chief of the Air Staff (CAS) Chief of Staff Army Strategy Dr. H.J. Kowal, Principal, Lieutenant-Colonel Kimberley Maynard, Royal Military College of Canada (RMCC) Director Canadian Forces Military Law Centre (CFMLC), Canadian Defence Academy (CDA) Commander Hugues Canuel, representing Chief of the Maritime Staff (CMS) Ms. Hanya Soliman, representing Chief of the Defence Intelligence (CDI) Reflections of a Liaison Officer Editorial Board Dr. Douglas Bland Philippe Lagassé Major (ret’d) Michael Boire Lieutenant-Colonel (ret’d) David Last Major Bernard Dionne Dr. Chris Madsen Lieutenant-Colonel (ret’d) Douglas Delaney Dr. Sean Maloney Dr. Rocky J. Dwyer Professor Brian McKercher Lieutenant-Colonel (ret’d) Michael Goodspeed Dr. Paul Mitchell Major-General (ret’d) Daniel Gosselin Dr. Nezih Mrad Major John Grodzinski Dr. Scot Robertson Dr. David Hall Professor Stéphane Roussel Professor Michael Hennessy Professor Elinor Sloan Canadian Infantry Colonel Bernd Horn Chief Warrant Officer G.R.C. McCann in North Africa, Professor Hamish Ion Colonel (ret’d) Randall Wakelam January–May 1943 NOTE TO READERS As a bilingual journal, readers should take note that where citations are translated from their original language, the abbreviation [TOQ] at the end of the note, which stands for “translation of original quote”, indicates to the readers that the original citation can be found in the published version of the Journal in the other official language. 2 Canadian Military Journal • Vol. 17, No. 1, Winter 2016 EDITOR’S CORNER elcome to yet another frosty edition of the troop lending program designed to provide selected Canadians Canadian Military Journal. While it is with combat experience. Pellerin believes that this troop lending still autumn in the Great White North as I program was a success, particularly for the infantry members, pen these words, the Farmers’ Almanac is because “…the experience that infantry officers and NCOs gained calling for a nasty one and the horses are serving in front-line units marked an important phase in their Wgrowing their winter coats. And they are, respectively, hardly training. As intended, they were able to bring this experience to ever, and never wrong… their home units to prepare them for upcoming operations in the Mediterranean and Northwest Europe.” Taking point in this issue, armoured officer Major Chris Young discusses the Canadian Army’s recently embraced concept In the last of our major articles, historian Sean Maloney of core competencies, which its leadership believes are “…the focuses upon a little-known aspect of the Cold War, namely, most important functions or groups of functions that define the the strategic importance to the USSR of the Pacific Northwest. basic purpose of the Army of Tomorrow.” After a broad overview Maloney notes that while the world’s attention was focused upon of the core competencies concept as it has developed in various the Caribbean, the eastern seaboard of North America, central business and military environments, Canadian and foreign, Young Europe and the Inner German Border, the Pacific Northwest was then explores the various core competency frameworks being considered “a strategic backwater with almost no public attention adopted within those environments in an attempt to identify best directed towards it. Yet, in the late-1950s and early-1960s, there practices associated with core competency development. were significant if low key developments undertaken by the Soviet Union that put this region ‘under the mushroom cloud,’ as it were.” Next, tactical aviator Colonel Erick Simoneau “…seeks to Furthermore, Maloney believes that had nuclear war erupted, there bridge the dichotomy between the Canadian Armed Forces’ man- would have been significant ramifications for Canada’s west coast date and its budgets, by offering a manner of intervention that is population centres and defence establishments. Canada-specific and designed to protect Canada’s national interests and values.” Simoneau maintains that this would be a nationally- This brings us to our two very different Views and Opinions unifying initiative that through focusing upon ‘pan-governmental pieces. In the first, heritage consultant and historian Diane Joly and niche expeditionary stabilization operations, would “…position examines the commemorative monuments that grace the core of Canada as a credible actor within the international community, downtown Montreal in Dorchester Square and Place du Canada. while taking into account budgetary and geopolitical realities.” Joly suggests that in Montreal at the dawn of the 20th Century, multiple visions of Canada co-existed. For example, “Some citi- Moving right along, Major James Pierotti, an air combat zens, mainly Anglophones, viewed Canada as a colony with a systems officer with extensive experience in the Search and Rescue duty to contribute to the prestige of Great Britain. Others, mostly (SAR) community believes that SAR “…is but one aspect of a Francophones, saw it as an autonomous power within the British larger capability called Personnel Recovery (PR) that uses aircraft Empire. In the middle were the moderates, who wanted the two and helicopters, not just in a domestic environment, but also in a groups to get along and live together in harmony.” She then offers deployed and foreign combat environment.” After exposing Canada’s that the commemorative monuments in the aforementioned loca- very limited PR policy through comparison with that of Canada’s tions are illustrative of those visions, and collectively, that they allies, Pierotti identifies small changes “…that could provide the “…show how the site originally symbolized British power, but CAF a smooth integration into the PR organization of any future gradually came to reflect contemporary Canada and Montreal.” coalition. It will be argued that Canada requires additional PR policy and training in all branches of the CAF to better integrate The second opinion piece by Research Fellow Debalina with coalition partners for future combat operations.” Ghoshal provides an update as to why Poland recently decided to finalize an agreement to buy a Raytheon-made Patriot air and Reservist and academic Lieutenant-Colonel James McKay missile defence system for the nation. She further states that this then reflects upon a recent experience as the Canadian Joint new missile defence system in Poland will form a component of Operations Command (CJOC) Liaison Officer to U.S. European the European Phased Adaptive Approach, which is planned to Command, and seeks to put paid to the notion that liaison officer become operational in 2018. positions are “…generally perceived as either a reward for a long career, or as an easy task for a senior officer between more impor- Then, our own resident commentator Martin Shadwick takes tant positions in Canada.” After examining the duties of liaison a look at the current state of the Royal Canadian Navy and planned officers to foreign military headquarters at both operational and maritime futures for this fighting force.