DOCSLIB.ORG

A Short Historical Review by Fr. Lawrence Hyde

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Short Historical Review by Fr. Lawrence Hyde LAURENCE HYDE O.S.B. A SHORT HISTORICAL REVIEW OF THE SYLVESTRINE MONKS IN CEYLON from 1845 to 1920 FOREWORD Several years ago during a visit to the Benedictine Abbey of New Norcia, Western Australia, a monk who had visited Sri Lanka in 1967, gave me as a gift a photocopy of a manuscript in his own possession. The title of the manuscript is «Short Historical Review of the Sylvestrine Monks in Ceylon from 1845 to 1920». It was an essay of a then-young Sylvestrine monk, Laurence Hyde, written in 1920 (1). In the Introduction (Chapter I) he had explained the reasons for his essay. «In undertaking to compile this short brochure on the work of the Benedictine Monks of the Sylvestrine Congregation in Ceylon I have been actuated by two motives - the first, to commit in writing what must very soon pass out of the realm of actual tradition and become only a memory of the past, second, to encourage the young gene-rations of my brethren to emulate the great deeds of their fathers». When Hyde wrote his Historical Review in 1920, the chief players mentioned in this essay had died: Mgr. Bonjean had passed away 18 years earlier, in 1902, and Mgr. Pagnani ten years later, in 1911. Yet, the memories of the 1880s were still a painful reminiscence for some of the surviving missionaries such as the Sylvestrine Augustine Pancrazi and the secular priest Pius Fernando, who had through lived the vicissitudes of the Colombo vicariate at that time. Hyde continued his Historical Review: «The older generation of missionaries must in due course of nature succumb to the inevitable fate that awaits all human kind, and the older generation of Christians, who have been witnesses of their labours for the salvation of souls are fast dying out. Soon there will be no living voice left to recount what brave men have done and suffered for the glory of God, prompted by the spirit of Faith and assisted by prodigious zeal». To justify the purpose of this Review Hyde clarified his aim. «It is therefore doubly a pleasure to me to put on record this short account of their labours as an act of homage to the spirit of the Sylvestro-Benedictines, whose nurturing care I have experience during a quarter of a century of intercourse with them». I treasured this manuscript; however, I have, perhaps, neglected this Histo- rical Review in my studies due to the insufficient documentation by Hyde. On the other hand, I consider that this Review is of great importance for us, since Hyde has reported many details of this story, even when he intentionally omitted details of the trials and sufferings of the people who were involved, or had heard it viva voce from people close to those events. Hyde’s Historical Review is also important because it illustrates twenty-eight years of Mgr Pagnani’s administration of the new diocese of Kandy, and near 40 years of the apostolate of the Sylvestrine missionaries after their renunciation of (1) The original is kept on the archives of St. Sylvester’s monastery, Montefano, Ampitiya. Kandy, Sri Lanka. A SHORT HISTORICAL REVIEW OF THE SYLVESTRINE MONKS IN CEYLON - From 1845 to 1920 6 LAURENCE HYDE O.S.B. the easier part of the Colombo vicariate in 1883. Hyde’s Review is an early records of their struggles. Hyde worried to verify the historical events recorded in this Review. «I have carefully scanned all available records for information, and have put before my reader only those facts that have for their authority either con-temporary documents or unimpeachable testimony. I am aware that the enterprise bristles with difficulties of a nature that might daunt the bravest, nor do I claim that what I have written is the last word in historical accuracy: for the documents at hand are sadly deficient in much that would be of very great interest, while unfortunately events have tended in the past to restrict the freer and larger scope of action which would have made the historian’s work an easier and more pleasant task. Still I am hopeful that my efforts will be sympathetically viewed. And if I am ready to admit at the start that things are better as they stand, it is not in any other spirit I do so then that we are tools of a Divine Providence, who disposes all things with a sure and merciful hand. No human society, however well constituted, can ever be so perfect that the chances of a flaw will be for ever obviated». In spite of the shortcomings of this Review I believe that the publication of this manuscript can be useful to those who are fascinated by the history of the Catholic Church in Sri Lanka, since Hyde himself affirmed that he heard viva voce many details of records by people who lived during the period of these events. THE AUTHOR: Dom Lawrence Hyde was born on 8th November 1891 at Ootacamund (India). His parents were Humphry William Hyde and Winifred Hyde (nee Murphy). His father was a military and civil engineer. He was baptised on 22nd November 1891 at St. Mary’s Church, Ootacamund. His baptismal name was Arthur Edgar Thomas. He was educated at St. Anthony’s College, Kandy, from 1901 to 1907. He took the habit of the Sylvestrine monks at St. Anthony’s Abbey, in 1908, from Abbot Pancrazi. He was ordained a priest by Bishop Bede Beckmeyer on 22nd December 1917. He was appointed Principal of St. Anthony’s College, Kandy, on 11 May 1921. He was a champion in 1927 to transfer St. Anthony’s College to Katugastota. From 17th March 1936 to 1958 he was Vicar General of the Diocese of Kandy, On 27th December 1950 he was appointed Parish Priest of Paradeniya. He died on 21 December 1982 at Lake Side Hospital, Kandy. My contribution to the Historical Review has been to enhance the manu- script with footnotes to guarantee the authenticity of the details in our author’s narrative. In addition, I have added to this manuscript an Addendum and two appendixes. Appendix “D” : Biographical Data concerning the Italian Sylvestrine Monks who went to Sri Lanka for more than a century, i.e. from 1845 to 1950. Appendix “E”: Biographical Data concerning the Sylvestrine Tertiaries who worked in the Colombo Vicariate, Sri Lanka, from 1856 to 1883. Dom Bede Barcatta o.s.b. A SHORT HISTORICAL REVIEW OF THE SYLVESTRINE MONKS IN CEYLON FROM 1845 TO 1920 7 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION In undertaking to compile this short brochure on the work of the Benedictine Monks of the Sylvestrine Congregation in Ceylon, I have been actuated by two motives - first, to commit to writing what very soon must pass out of the realm of the actual tradition and become only a memory of the past, - the second, to encourage the young generation of my brethren to emulate the great deeds of their Fathers. The older generation of missionaries must in due course of nature succumb to the inevitable fate that awaits all human kind, and the older generation of Christians who have been witnesses of their labours for the salvation of souls are fast dying out. Soon there will be no living voice left to recount what brave men have done and suffered for the glory of God, prompted by the spirit of Faith and animated by prodigious zeal. It is therefore doubly a pleasure to me to put on record this short account of their labours as an act of homage to the spirit of the Sylvestro-Benedictines whose nurturing care I have experienced during a quarter of a century of intercourse with them. I have carefully scanned all available records for information, and have put before my reader only those facts that have for their authority either contemporary documents or unimpeachable testimony. I am aware that the enterprise bristles with difficulties of a nature that might daunt the bravest, nor do I claim that what I have written is the last word in historical accuracy: for the documents at hand are sadly deficient in much that would be of very great interest, while unfortunately events have tended in the past to restrict the freer and larger scope of action which would have made the historian’s work an easier and more pleasant task. Still I am hopeful that my efforts will be sympathetically viewed. And if I am ready to admit at the start that things are better as they stand, it is not in any other spirit I do so then that we are tools of a Divine Providence, who disposes all things with a sure and merciful hand. No human society, however well constituted, can ever be so perfect that the chances of a flaw will be for ever obviated. If, therefore, in the course of this narrative, it should seem to anyone that the act of any person or persons mentioned therein is blameworthy, it should suffice to remind him that we cannot at this distance of time view such an action in its true perspective, since we are unacquainted with the 8 LAURENCE HYDE O.S.B. whole mental process that led up to it. If good has been done, “da gloriam Deo”, if otherwise, let us not in charity sit in judgment upon others. We must remember, too, that the Church in Ceylon was not so well constituted a hundred years ago as it is at the present day. The reader ought to be able to make the comparison himself if he has the patience to read this narrative through.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Part I: the Kandyan Kings and Cosmopolitan Discourse
    THE MANY FACES OF THE KANDYAN KINGDOM, 1591-1765: LESSONS FOR OUR TIME?1 PART I: THE KANDYAN KINGS AND COSMOPOLITAN DISCOURSE Introduction This paper discusses the reign of Vimaladharmasūriya, the first consecrated king of Kandy (1591-1604) and his successors during whose reigns the Kandyan kingdom became a place that provided a home for diverse cultures and communities. Prior to this Kandy was ruled by three local kings, the first being Senāsammata Vikramabāhu (c. 1469-1511). Senāsammata means elected by the sēna or army or perhaps by members of the aristocratic class known as banḍ āras (“lords).” Vikramabāhu tried to assert his independence from the sovereign kings of Kōṭṭe. That kingdom commenced with Bhūvanekabāhu V (1371-1408) and ended with Bhūvanekabāhu VII (1521-51) and his grandson Dharmapāla (1551- 1597), the first Catholic sovereign. Vikramabāhu was badly defeated and had to pay a large tribute. After Dharmapāla died Kōṭṭe became part of Portugal which now had control over much of Jaffna in the north and the Maritime provinces in the south. The Portuguese were a presence in Kōṭṭe from 1506 and had the support of Bhūvanekabāhu VII but not his brother Māyādunne, the ruler of Sītāvaka 1 who was a foe of the Portuguese. His intrepid son Rājasinha I (1581-1593) at one time nearly brought about the whole kingdom of Kōṭṭe and much of Kandy under his rule. As for the fortunes of Kandy Vikramabāhu was followed by his son Jayavīra Banḍ āra (1511- 1552) during whose time Catholic friars became a presence in the court.2 In order to please the Portuguese and the king of Kōṭṭe he became a nominal Catholic until he was deposed and exiled by his son Karalliyadde Banḍ āra (1552-1582) who became a devoted Catholic and publicly embraced Catholicism around 1562-1564.
    [Show full text]
  • J^Jst^Ksspoudlc
    Pontiff s death He burst into tears ten. hquar« and the principal thor¬ to carry Cardinal Gibbons and Card- ' Iserl Thrt be 1or.e " primary for all parties, and for all! exclaiming ".ill of Cod oughfares leading to the Vatican with lnal O'Connell to Rom? was suggested ofllcere. for the PHILIP H. Golf Me then loft fo*- Rome with his son-! troops ready to intervene should occa- this Australian ballot and POWERS FOUND Racing afternoon Thd plan was con- a corrupt in-law. s,on arlf,5 I" 'ho cas,e of the death eelvfd bocause of the uncertainty of practices act. for State re- DEAD NEAR HIS HOM Tennis Baseball PIN A11 ( KIIK)IOMi:S or I luu x. however. 011 account of (ho the steamship formatories for youthful criminals, for l.\ l OWr.CTlOX WITH sailing?. use of convicts In SPORTS DEATH; hour. such precautions were not nec- lime quarries and on Prominent Clarke County Mao-®ellp"»"* Forma! ceremonies in connection | essn i y. AVIM. public Shooting Aquatics ASK CARDINALS roads, for laws to secure an to Have Hern Accltlenf^lly K1|M with the death of the Pope occurred at Father Francis Xavier Werm, gen¬ TO AI'l'ISALi KOH PEACI5 lend of discrimination In U hlle After Tblevea. an early hour »-» the morning on the eral of the Society of Jesus. also dleci [Special Cable to The for laws freight rates. arrival of Cardinal Delia who In Rome Times-Dispatch.] providing fair compensation WINCHESTER. VA'.. August Mu COLTS LOSE OPENING 'SHANKS'S SINGLE WINS Volpe.
    [Show full text]
  • Barquilla De La Santa Maria BULLETIN of the Catholic Record Society­ Diocese of Columbus
    Barquilla de la Santa Maria BULLETIN of the Catholic Record Society­ Diocese of Columbus Vol. X:XV, No. 9 Sept. 3: Beatification of Pope Pius IX September, 2000 Episcopal Lineages of the Bishops of Columbus Part 1: Bishop Elwell The Church we profess to be one, holy, catholic, Bishops of Columbus descend. Looking back and apostolic. Regarding the last ofthese marks, before his time, it was a last minute change in his the Second Vatican Council said the following in consecrator, not discovered until the 1960s, that Lumen Gentium, The Dogmatic Constitution on caused all lineages written until that time to be in the Church. "That divine mission, which was error. committed by Christ to the apostles, is destined to last until the end of the world ... For that very Interest in episcopal lineage in the United States reason the apostles were careful to appoint was shown as early as 1916, when articles successors... They accordingly designated such focused on the subject in the Catholic Historical men and then made the ruling that likewise on Review. Study of the subject was facilitated in their death other proven men should take over 1940 by the publication by Catholic University's their ministry. Among those various offices Rev. Joseph Bernard Code of the Dictionary of which have been exercised in the Church from the American Hierarchy (New York: the earliest times the chiefplace, according to the Longmans, Green and Co.). Seminarians at Mt. witness of tradition, is held by the function of St. Mary Seminary of the West in Cincinnati those who, through their appointment to the published an article in the April, 1941 issue of dignity and responsibility of bishop, and in virtue their Seminary Studies titled, "The Episcopal consequently of the unbroken succession, going Lineage of the Hierarchy of the United States".
    [Show full text]
  • Entre Goa E Ceilão: a Formação Do Clero Nativo E As Dimensões Das Mestiçagens No Oriente Português (Séculos XVI-XVIII)
    UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE MINAS GERAIS FACULDADE DE FILOSOFIA E CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS - FAFICH PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM HISTÓRIA Ana Paula Sena Gomide Entre Goa e Ceilão: a formação do clero nativo e as dimensões das mestiçagens no Oriente português (Séculos XVI-XVIII). Belo Horizonte 2018 Ana Paula Sena Gomide Entre Goa e Ceilão: a formação do clero nativo e as dimensões das mestiçagens no Oriente português (Séculos XVI-XVIII). Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em História da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, como requisito parcial à obtenção do título de Doutor em História. Linha de pesquisa: História Social da Cultura Orientador: Prof. Dr. Eduardo França Paiva Belo Horizonte 2018 AGRADECIMENTOS Agradeço à Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior pela bolsa de doutorado concedida entre 2014 e 2018, que possibilitou a realização desta pesquisa. Agradeço ao professor Eduardo França Paiva, que gentilmente aceitou orientar esta pesquisa. Agradeço por toda paciência, pelas críticas e reflexões historiográficas realizadas ao longo do doutorado, que sem dúvidas, acrescentaram, e muito, no resultado final deste trabalho. Obrigada por me apresentar o universo das dinâmicas de mestiçagens! Ao professor Manuel Lobato devo uma orientação que me ajudou a aprofundar nos aspectos mais complexos do mundo português no Oriente, especialmente nas relações políticas e culturais em Ceilão. Obrigada pelas ótimas sugestões e por propor um caminho temático mais produtivo para a tese, que sem dúvidas, fez toda diferença no resultado final. À professora Maria de Deus Beites Manso, que desde os anos da graduação é uma das minhas grandes referências na temática da presença portuguesa na Índia, agradeço por todos os conselhos e pela leitura sempre cuidadosa.
    [Show full text]
  • Summary of Sexual Abuse Claims in Chapter 11 Cases of Boy Scouts of America
    Summary of Sexual Abuse Claims in Chapter 11 Cases of Boy Scouts of America There are approximately 101,135sexual abuse claims filed. Of those claims, the Tort Claimants’ Committee estimates that there are approximately 83,807 unique claims if the amended and superseded and multiple claims filed on account of the same survivor are removed. The summary of sexual abuse claims below uses the set of 83,807 of claim for purposes of claims summary below.1 The Tort Claimants’ Committee has broken down the sexual abuse claims in various categories for the purpose of disclosing where and when the sexual abuse claims arose and the identity of certain of the parties that are implicated in the alleged sexual abuse. Attached hereto as Exhibit 1 is a chart that shows the sexual abuse claims broken down by the year in which they first arose. Please note that there approximately 10,500 claims did not provide a date for when the sexual abuse occurred. As a result, those claims have not been assigned a year in which the abuse first arose. Attached hereto as Exhibit 2 is a chart that shows the claims broken down by the state or jurisdiction in which they arose. Please note there are approximately 7,186 claims that did not provide a location of abuse. Those claims are reflected by YY or ZZ in the codes used to identify the applicable state or jurisdiction. Those claims have not been assigned a state or other jurisdiction. Attached hereto as Exhibit 3 is a chart that shows the claims broken down by the Local Council implicated in the sexual abuse.
    [Show full text]
  • The Holy See
    The Holy See APOSTOLIC JOURNEY OF HIS HOLINESS POPE FRANCIS TO SRI LANKA AND THE PHILIPPINES (12-19 JANUARY 2015) HOLY MASS AND CANONIZATION OF BLESSED JOSEPH VAZ HOMILY OF HIS HOLINESS POPE FRANCIS Galle Face Green, Colombo Wednesday, 14 January 2015 [Multimedia] “All the ends of the earth will see the salvation of our God” (Is 52:10) This is the magnificent prophecy which we heard in today’s first reading. Isaiah foretells the preaching of the Gospel of Jesus Christ to all the ends of the earth. This prophecy has a special meaning for us, as we celebrate the canonization of a great missionary of the Gospel, Saint Joseph Vaz. Like countless other missionaries in the history of the Church, he responded to the Risen Lord’s command to make disciples of every nation (cf. Mt 28:19). By his words, but more importantly, by the example of his life, he led the people of this country to the faith which gives us “an inheritance among all God’s holy ones” (cf. Acts 20:32). In Saint Joseph we see a powerful sign of God’s goodness and love for the people of Sri Lanka. But we also see in him a challenge to persevere in the paths of the Gospel, to grow in holiness ourselves, and to testify to the Gospel message of reconciliation to which he dedicated his life. A priest of the Oratory in his native Goa, Saint Joseph Vaz came to this country inspired by missionary zeal and a great love of its people.
    [Show full text]
  • SH 90 Septimo
    «Septimo Iam» and the Order of Friars Minor «of the Leonine Union» Noel Muscat OFM One hundred years ago, on 4th October 1909, Pope Saint Pius X1 published the Apostolic Letter Septimo iam, on the occasion of the 700th anniversary of the approval of the Franciscan Rule. The Letter, however, does not specifically deal with the historical event it commemorated, namely the approval of the Forma vitae of Saint Francis by Innocent III in 1209. Rather, it dwells upon a thorny problem brought about by the turn of events during the last decades of the 19th century, which culminated in the unification of the Ordo Fratrum Minorum de Regularis Observantia (Order of Friars Minor of the Regular Observance) on 4th October 1897, with the publication of Leo XIII’s Bulla Felicitate quadam, whereby the four autonomous families of the same Order under the obedience of one Minister General, namely the Observants, Riformati, Alcantarines and Recollects, were to unite under one family simply known as Ordo Fratrum Minorum, Order of Friars Minor. A detailed history of these events has already been published in 1994 in the doctoral dissertation of Maurice Carmody.2 We shall be basing the historical account of what happened on this scholarly work, but at the same time we shall take into consideration the contents of Septimo iam, as well as those of another Apostolic Letter published shortly afterwards by Pius X, entitled Paucis ante diebus, on 1st November 1909. The unification of the Order was not an easy task. Many factors and persons had contributed to make its implementation very difficult both for Pope Leo XIII as well as for the Minister General Luigi da Parma (1889-1897), the architects of the process of unification.
    [Show full text]
  • The Temples of the Interfaces a Study of the Relation Between Buddhism and Hinduism at the Munnesvaram Temples, Sri Lanka
    The Temples of the Interfaces A Study of the Relation between Buddhism and Hinduism at the Munnesvaram Temples, Sri Lanka. by Rohan Neil Bastin A Thesis Submitted for the Degree of Ph.D. University College, The University of London. June 1991 ProQuest Number: 10609845 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 10609845 Published by ProQuest LLC(2017). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 ABSTRACT The two important temples at Munnesvaram, on the west coast of Sri Lanka, are Hindu and are run by Tamil priests. Their patronage is largely Sinhalese Buddhist. They are the context for an examination of the relations between Hinduism and Buddhism in modern Sri Lanka in a period of violent ethnic tension between Tamils and Sinhalese. The thesis falls in two parts. The first deals with the history of the temples in the colonial and post-colonial eras, the history of religious difference, and with a social analysis of the two groups of priests and of the worshippers. This establishes grounds for a consideration of current anthropological debates on hierarchy and on historicity.
    [Show full text]
  • Selling the Mission : the German Catholic Elite and the Educational
    Selling the mission : the German Catholic elite and the educational migration of African youngsters to Europe AITKEN, Robbie <http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3332-3063> Available from Sheffield Hallam University Research Archive (SHURA) at: http://shura.shu.ac.uk/9858/ This document is the author deposited version. You are advised to consult the publisher's version if you wish to cite from it. Published version AITKEN, Robbie (2015). Selling the mission : the German Catholic elite and the educational migration of African youngsters to Europe. German History, 33 (1), 30- 51. Copyright and re-use policy See http://shura.shu.ac.uk/information.html Sheffield Hallam University Research Archive http://shura.shu.ac.uk Selling the Mission: The German Catholic elite and the educational migration of African youngsters to Europei Robbie Aitken, Sheffield Hallam University In coverage of the 35th General Assembly of German Catholics held in Freiburg im Breisgau from 2-6 September 1888 a handful of local and regional newspapers remarked upon the presence of two young Africans among the guests.ii The youngsters, Mbange Akwa from Douala, Cameroon and Dagwe from Liberia, had been brought to Freiburg by Father Andreas Amrhein. Amrhein was the founder of the Benedictine Mission Society, based at St Ottilien near Munich, where the youngsters were being educated. He was a proponent of Catholic involvement in the German colonial project and the fledgling mission had already sent its first missionaries to German East Africa the previous year. During the Assembly Mbange and Dagwe were photographed alongside Ludwig Windthorst, the prominent politician and leader of the Catholic Centre Party, who, according to reports, was to take on the role of their godfather.iii Following the establishment of an overseas empire in 1884 he became increasingly vocal in calling for Catholics to be granted permission to missionize in the new German territories.
    [Show full text]
  • Sketches of Church History, from AD 33 to the Reformation
    Sketches of Church History, from AD 33 to the Reformation Author(s): Roberston, J. C. Publisher: Grand Rapids, MI: Christian Classics Ethereal Library Description: This very brief overview of Christian history is a condensation of Robertson©s multi- volume series on the same subject, The History of the Christian Church from the Apostolic Age to the Reformation. Though not possessing the same depth of the larger work, Sketches is masterfully written and struc- tured in its breadth of information, making it perfectly access- ible for interested laypersons and students looking to review. As a scholar of Christian history, Robertson selects informa- tion carefully and strategically as to maximize his readers© understanding without overwhelming them with copious amounts of detail. Kathleen O©Bannon CCEL Staff Subjects: Christianity History By period Early and medieval i Contents Title Page 1 Part I 2 Chapter 1. The Age of the Apostles (A.D. 33–100) 3 Chapter 2. St. Ignatius (AD 116 6 Chapter 3. St. Justin Martyr (AD 166) 9 Chapter 4. St. Polycarp (AD 166) 12 Chapter 5. The Martyrs of Lyons and Vienne (AD 177) 14 Chapter 6. Tertullian; Perpetua and Companions (AD 181–206 16 Chapter 7. Origen (AD 185–254) 19 Chapter 8. St. Cyprian, Part I (AD 200–253) 22 Chapter 9. From Gallienus to the End of the Last Persecution (AD 261–313) 27 Chapter 10. Constantine the Great (AD 313–337) 32 Chapter 11. The Council of Nicaea (AD 325) 36 Chapter 12. St. Athanasius 39 Chapter 13. The Monks. 47 Chapter 14. St. Basil and St.
    [Show full text]
  • Confessions, by Augustine
    1 AUGUSTINE: CONFESSIONS Newly translated and edited by ALBERT C. OUTLER, Ph.D., D.D. Updated by Ted Hildebrandt, 2010 Gordon College, Wenham, MA Professor of Theology Perkins School of Theology Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas First published MCMLV; Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 55-5021 Printed in the United States of America Creator(s): Augustine, Saint, Bishop of Hippo (345-430) Outler, Albert C. (Translator and Editor) Print Basis: Philadelphia: Westminster Press [1955] (Library of Christian Classics, v. 7) Rights: Public Domain vid. www.ccel.org 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction . 11 I. The Retractations, II, 6 (A.D. 427) . 22 Book One . 24 Chapter 1: . 24 Chapter II: . 25 Chapter III: . 25 Chapter IV: . 26 Chapter V: . 27 Chapter VI: . 28 Chapter VII: . 31 Chapter VIII: . 33 Chapter IX: . 34 Chapter X: . 36 Chapter XI: . 37 Chapter XII: . 39 Chapter XIII: . 39 Chapter XIV: . 41 Chapter XV: . 42 Chapter XVI: . 42 Chapter XVII: . 44 Chapter XVIII: . 45 Chapter XIX: . 47 Notes for Book I: . 48 Book Two . .. 50 Chapter 1: . 50 Chapter II: . 50 Chapter III: . 52 Chapter IV: . 55 Chapter V: . 56 Chapter VI: . 57 Chapter VII: . 59 Chapter VIII: . 60 Chapter IX: . .. 61 3 Chapter X: . 62 Notes for Book II: . 63 Book Three . .. 64 Chapter 1: . 64 Chapter II: . 65 Chapter III: . 67 Chapter IV: . 68 Chapter V: . 69 Chapter VI: . 70 Chapter VII: . 72 Chapter VIII: . 74 Chapter IX: . .. 76 Chapter X: . 77 Chapter XI: . 78 Chapter XII: . 80 Notes for Book III: . 81 Book Four . 83 Chapter 1: . 83 Chapter II: . 84 Chapter III: .
    [Show full text]
  • Narration of the History of Our Proud Ancestral (Orang Jawa) Heritage
    Page. 1 Narration of the History of our Proud Ancestral (Orang Jawa) Heritage. by Noor R. Rahim June 2016. Page. 2 Contents: Preface Page 4. Chapter 1. Page 6. 5. 1.1 Background Information Page 7. 1.2 Batavia – The Administrative Centre & Central Hub of Commerce Page 9. 1.3 Invitation to the Dutch VOC by The King of Kandy Page 9. Chapter 2. Page 11. 2.1 Our Ancestors Arrival and Domicile in Sailan Page 12. 2.2 Colonial Forts/Fortresses and Garrisons Page 13. 2.3 Pictures of Forts that are intact Page 15. 2.4 Pictures of Forts in bad state/dilapidated Page 17. 2.5 The domicile of the Soldiers & their Families Page 18. 2.6 Handover from Dutch to the British and Temporary “Dual Control” Page 19. 2.7 Our Malay Ancestors Military Service with the British Page 19. 2.8 The 1st Kandyan War – 1803 Page 19. 2.9 The 2nd Kandyan War – 1815 Page 20. 2.10 The Great Rebellion of 1817 – 1818 (aka The Uva-Wellasa Uprising) Page 21. 2.11 The Matale Rebellion of 1848 Page 21. 2.12 The effects of Disbanding of the Regiment Page 22. 2.13 Sacrifices and Bravery of the Malays serving In the Armed Forces & Police services. Page 22. Page. 3 Chapter 3. Page 24. 3.1 Legacy of our Ancestors Page 25. 3.2 Religious following Page 26. 3.3 Some of the well-known Mosques built by the Malays Page 27. 3.4 Malays that attained Sainthood Page 33. Chapter 4. Page 35.
    [Show full text]