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Rutaceae) Di Kawasan Madura Floribunda 5(3) 2015 82 PENINJAUAN ULANG MARGA CITRUS (RUTACEAE) DI KAWASAN MADURA Arifin Surya Dwipa Irsyam1 & Tatik Chikmawati2 1Sekolah Pascasarjana, Program Biologi Tumbuhan, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam. Kampus IPB Dramaga, Bogor. 2Departemen Biologi, Fakultas MIPA, Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam. Kampus IPB Dramaga, Bogor. Arifin Surya Dwipa Irsyam & Tatik Chikmawati. 2015. Review on Citrus (Rutaceae) of Madura. Floribunda 5(3): 82–91. — Flora of Java did not clearly mention Citrus species in Madura. Since it was published in 1965, there are no review on Citrus of Madura. This research was undertaken to provide an updated infor- mation on Citrus of Madura. Plant explorations were conducted in Bangkalan, Sampang, Pamekasan and Sumenep district. Ten species of Citrus were obtained. One of them, C. × floridana (J. Ingram & H. Moore) Mabb., is a new record for Java and Madura. Keywords: Citrus, flora, Madura, Rutaceae. Arifin Surya Dwipa Irsyam & Tatik Chikmawati. 2015. Peninjauan Ulang Marga Citrus (Rutaceae) di Ka- wasan Madura. Floribunda 5(3): 82–91. — Flora of Java tidak tegas menyebutkan jenis-jenis Citrus yang terdapat di Madura. Sejak buku tersebut terbit pada tahun 1965 belum dilakukan peninjauan ulang mengenai Citrus Madura. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menyediakan informasi terbaru Citrus di Madura. Eksplorasi dilakukan di Kabupaten Bangkalan, Sampang, Pamekasan dan Sumenep. Sebanyak sepuluh jenis Citrus ditemukan. Satu di antaranya, yaitu C. × floridana (J. Ingram & H. Moore) Mabb., merupakan rekaman baru untuk Jawa dan Madura. Kata kunci: Citrus, flora, Madura, Rutaceae. Pulau Madura terletak di sebelah timur laut maxima (Burm.) Osbeck. Kabupaten Pamekasan pulau Jawa. Di sebelah selatan dan timur laut pulau pernah dikenal sebagai salah satu pusat pembudi- Madura, masih terdapat tujuh puluhan pulau yang dayaan Citrus (Satsijati 1992), namun kegiatan berukuran lebih kecil, termasuk Kepulauan Ka- tersebut terhenti akibat serangan virus CVPD pada ngean (Rifai 2007). Tanah kawasan ini bertipe tahun 1960-an. Saat ini belum diketahui jenis apa kompleks mediteranian merah dan litosol dengan saja yang masih tersisa setelah wabah virus CVPD, tanah aluvial berkapur yang kurang subur (Rifai karena penelitian botani di kawasan Madura masih 2007). Kondisi beriklim kering akibat pengaruh minim. angin monsun dan tanah berkapur mengakibatkan Jenis Citrus yang tumbuh di kawasan Madu- vegetasi tetumbuhannya khas, dan salah satu ta- ra tidak disebutkan secara pasti dalam Flora of naman yang dapat tumbuh pada kondisi lingkung- Java jilid 2 (Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink an tersebut adalah Citrus. 1965), sehingga keberadaan dan keanekaragam- Citrus sudah lama berada di kawasan Madu- annya belum diketahui. Sementara itu, konsep mar- ra seperti dibuktikan oleh adanya nama-nama dae- ga Citrus juga telah mengalami perubahan rah jherruk bhali, jherruk budhun atau jherruk (Mabberley 2010; Mabberley 2013). Oleh sebab buton, jherruk jheppon, jherruk kombi’, jherruk itu dibutuhkan adanya suatu informasi terbaru labay atau jherruk dhurgha, jherruk limon, jherruk mengenai marga Citrus di kawasan ini. Eksplorasi macan, jherruk peccel, jherruk porot dan jherruk jenis Citrus di Kabupaten Bangkalan, Sampang, rante atau jherruk kanceng (Kiliaan 1905; Pen- Pamekasan dan Sumenep telah dilakukan untuk ninga & Hendriks 1913). Beberapa jenis Citrus meninjau ulang dan menyediakan informasi terba- dari Pulau Kangean pernah dikoleksi oleh Backer ru mengenai Citrus Madura. antara tahun 1914 hingga 1920 dan Dommers pada tahun 1920. Berdasarkan koleksi spesimen yang BAHAN DAN METODE PENELITIAN disimpan di Herbarium Bogoriense (BO) terekam 3 jenis yang telah teridentifikasi, yaitu C. × aurantii- Bahan yang digunakan pada penelitian ini folia (Christm.) Swingle, C. hystrix DC. dan C. adalah 9 koleksi herbarium yang disimpan di BO, 83 Floribunda 5(3) 2015 khususnya yang berasal dari kawasan Madura, dan medica L. 36 koleksi hasil eksplorasi. Spesimen koleksi BO Poncirus Raf., Sylva Tellur. 143. 1838. yang diamati adalah Citrus × aurantiifolia Tipe: P. trifoliata (L.) Raf. (Christm.) Swingle (Dommers 211), Citrus hystrix Oxanthera Montrouz., Mém. Acad. Natl. DC. (CA Backer 264, Dommers 230), Feroniella Sci. Lyon, Cl. Sci., sér. 2 10: 186. 1860. Tipe: O. lucida (Scheff.) Swingle (CA Backer 19784, Hoff- fragrans Montrouz. man 6576, Beumee 4967, Koorders 24947), dan Feroniella Swingle, Bull. Soc. Bot. France Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr. (CA Backer 27038, 59: 776. 1913; Backer, Beknopte Fl. Java 6, fam. Dommers 173). 145: 26. 1948; Backer & Bakh. f., Fl. Java 2: 107. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan me- 1965. Tipe: F. oblata Swingle tode jelajah mengikuti Rugayah dkk. (2004). Bagi- Eremocitrus Swingle, J. Agric. Res. 2: 86. an tumbuhan yang diambil adalah ranting yang 1914; Citrus subg. Eremocitrus (Swingle) Burkill, berbunga atau berbuah. Bagian tersebut dipotong Gard. Bull. Straits Settlem. 5: 218. 1931. Tipe: E. dengan pisau atau gunting dahan, kemudian diberi glauca (Lindl.) Swingle label gantung. Untuk pengawetan di lapangan, ba- Fortunella Swingle, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 5: gian tumbuhan yang telah diambil diletakkan di 167. 1915; Citrus subg. Fortunella (Swingle) Bur- antara lipatan koran, kemudian diberi alkohol 70% kill, Gard. Bull. Straits Settlem. 5: 218. 1931. secukupnya dan dibungkus dalam kantung plastik. Tipe: F. margarita (Lour.) Swingle. Setiap jenis spesimen diambil duplikatnya seba- Microcitrus Swingle, J. Washington Acad. nyak 4 buah dan untuk memudahkan proses identi- Sci. 5: 570. 1915; Citrus subg. Microcitrus fikasi maka setiap contoh jenis dibuat foto. Data (Swingle) Burkill, Gard. Bull. Straits Settlem. 5: yang dicatat dalam buku lapangan antara lain no- 218. 1931. Tipe: M. australasica (F.Muell.) Swin- mor koleksi, lokasi dan tanggal pengambilan, habi- gle tat, karakter morfologi yang mungkin hilang saat Clymenia Swingle, J. Arnold Arbor. 20: 251 dibuat spesimen herbarium (indumentum, getah, –253. 1939. Tipe: C. polyandra (Ridl.) Swingle. warna daun, bunga dan buah), nama lokal dan Pohon atau perdu, ranting muda pipih- pemanfaatannya. Spesimen yang telah diambil se- berabungan atau gilig, duri tunggal dan jarang ber- lanjutnya dibawa ke Laboratorium Taksonomi pasangan, aksilar. Daun tunggal, majemuk me- Tumbuhan, Departemen Biologi Fakultas MIPA, nyirip gasal, majemuk berpinak daun 3 atau 1; IPB, untuk diproses dan diamati lebih lanjut. susunan daun berseling, bentuk helaian bervariasi, Spesimen diidentifikasi menggunakan pusta- menjangat, tulang tengah gundul atau berambut, ka sebagai berikut, The botany of Citrus and its berbintik-bintik kelenjar; tangkai daun dengan atau wild relatives of the orange subfamily (Family Ru- tanpa sayap. Bunga soliter atau tersusun dalam taceae, subfamily Aurantioideae) (Swingle 1943), perbungaan memberkas, aksilar, bunga banci atau Flora of Java vol. 2 (Backer & Bakhuizen van den jantan; kelopak berlekatan, memangkuk, bercuping Brink 1965), A Revised Handbook to the Flora of 4–5; mahkota berlepasan, bercuping 4–5, melon- Ceylon vol. 5 (Stone 1985), Citrus fruits of Assam jong-memita, putih atau merah-ungu, tebal, me- (Stone 1994), Tree Flora of Sabah and Sarawak nyirap; benang sari berjumlah 4–10 kali dari vol. 1 (Jones 1995) dan Flora of Australia vol. 26 jumlah mahkota, berlepasan atau berpautan sebagi- (Mabberley 2013). Karakter morfologi yang dia- an, tangkai sari memita atau membenang; cakram mati mengacu pada deskriptor Citrus (IPGRI 1999) bunga memangkuk atau berbentuk cincin; bakal yang telah dimodifikasi. Terminologi yang digu- buah berlokul 5–14 atau lebih, bakal biji 2–8 atau nakan mengikuti Rifai (2008) dan Beentje (2012). lebih dalam setiap lokul. Buah baka, perikarp men- jangat atau keras, berbintik-bintik kelenjar; lokul HASIL buah berisi vesikula pulpa atau pulpa yang seperti gom. Biji beberapa-banyak per lokul, testa menja- Citrus L. ngat, rata atau berabungan, kotiledon hijau-putih Citrus L., Sp. Pl. 2: 782. 1753; Swingle, Ci- susu, embrio 1 atau lebih. trus Ind. 1: 386. 1943; Backer, Beknopte Fl. Java 6, fam. 145: 27. 1948; Backer & Bakh. f., Fl. Java 2: Citrus amblycarpa (Hassk.) Ochse 103. 1965; Stone, Rev. Handbk. Fl. Ceylon 5: 422. Citrus amblycarpa (Hassk.) Ochse, Ind. 1985; Jones, Tree Fl. Sabah & Sarawak 1: 362. Vrucht. 217. 1917; Tanaka, Journ. Bot. Lxviii. 1995; Zhang & Mabberley, Fl. China 11: 90. 1998; 233. 1930; Backer, Beknopte Fl. Java 6, fam. 145: Mabberley, Fl. Australia 26: 504. 2013. Tipe: C. 32. 1948; Backer & Bakh. f., Fl. Java 2: 109. 1965; Floribunda 5(3) 2015 84 Kunci Identifikasi Jenis 1. A. Ranting muda gilig dan rata, daun majemuk menyirip gasal, perikarp keras, buah berlokul 1 .............. ................................................................................................................................................. C. lucida B. Ranting muda pipih dan berabungan, daun majemuk berpinak daun 1 atau tunggal, perikarp men- jangat, lokul buah lebih dari 1 .............................................................................................................. 2 2. A. Tangkai daun lebih panjang atau sama dengan panjang helaian, sayap selebar helaian daun atau lebih dari ½ lebar daun, benang sari berlepasan, tangkai sari membenang ..................................... C. hystrix B. Tangkai daun lebih pendek dari panjang helaian, tidak bersayap atau sayap dengan lebar ≤ ¾ dari lebar helaian daun, benang sari berpautan, tangkai sari memita ......................................................... 3 3. A. Tepi daun
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