DOCSLIB.ORG

South African Citrus Thrips in Australia - Identity, Pest Status and Control

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
South African Citrus Thrips in Australia - Identity, Pest Status and Control South African citrus thrips in Australia - identity, pest status and control Chris Freebairn QLD Department of Primary Industries & Fisheries Project Number: CT03022 CT03022 This report is published by Horticulture Australia Ltd to pass on information concerning horticultural research and development undertaken for the citrus industry. The research contained in this report was funded by Horticulture Australia Ltd with the financial support of the citrus industry. All expressions of opinion are not to be regarded as expressing the opinion of Horticulture Australia Ltd or any authority of the Australian Government. The Company and the Australian Government accept no responsibility for any of the opinions or the accuracy of the information contained in this report and readers should rely upon their own enquiries in making decisions concerning their own interests. ISBN 0 7341 1695 0 Published and distributed by: Horticultural Australia Ltd Level 7 179 Elizabeth Street Sydney NSW 2000 Telephone: (02) 8295 2300 Fax: (02) 8295 2399 E-Mail: [email protected] © Copyright 2008 FINAL REPORT: CT03022 South African citrus thrips in Australia: identity, pest status and control (October 2003 – February 2008) Author: Christopher Gavin Freebairn Research provider: Primary Industries & Fisheries, Queensland Maroochy Research Station, Nambour - 1 - South African citrus thrips in Australia: identity, pest status and control. HAL CT03022 Project Leader Other team members C.G. Freebairn, Entomologist Daniel Smith (deceased) [email protected] Jonathan Smith, Technical Officer Lindsay Smith, Operational assistant Department of Primary Industries & Fisheries, Queensland Maroochy Research Station, Nambour. Purpose The purpose the research reported here was to assess the potential risk to Australian citrus (and other horticultural crops) posed by South African citrus thrips, Scirtothrips aurantii, a serious exotic pest first detected in Australia in Brisbane in March 2002, and to assess control and management options compatible with Queensland’s longstanding citrus IPM system. Disclaimer Recommendations contained in this publication do not represent HAL policy. No person should act on the basis of the contents of this publication, whether as to matters of fact, opinion or other content, without first obtaining specific, independent professional advice. Funded by: - 2 - Contents Page MEDIA SUMMARY ……….…….…………........….……..………….……….….....…... 4 TECHNICAL SUMMARY …….………………..….…………….……..……………… 5 Extension ……..…..…....……..........…………….….…...………………..……………….… 6 Acknowledgments ………….…...................……..…...………..…………………..……… 7 TECHNICAL REPORT 1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION ………………........................…………….….………....…. 8 2. THRIPS REARING & BIOLOGY………………….....…………………………………… 12 3. HOST UTILISATION AND PERFORMANCE ..……….........……...........…..…………… 17 4. INSECTICIDE EFFICACY…………………….……..……….….………………………… 66 5. PREDATION BY Euseius victoriensis ..…..….…..…....…………..…...………….….. 72 6. SURVEILLANCE & PEST RISK ANALYSIS…..…….……........……………………..…. 73 7. GENERAL DISCUSSION ......……………..…….…........……….……………………. 75 8. CONCLUSIONS ……………………………….….…..…........………………………… 84 9. RECOMMENDATIONS & FURTHER RESEARCH ……...……………….………. 85 BIBLIOGRAPHY …………………………….…….……….........………………………… 86 Figures……………………….……………………...………….…………………………..….. 100 Plates…………..………….……………………………………….…………………………… 108 Appendices 1. Milestone reports……………………..……………………..….…….….……………….. 116 2. Citrus Insight reports ………………………………..…..……………….……………… 129 3. Australian Citrus News article………….………………..……....….…………………. 136 4. Exposure of potted citrus to SACT experiment report ……...........……………… 138 5. Pest risk analysis & Surveillance reports…………………..………………… 144 FRONT COVER Scirtothrips aurantii (ovipositing – top R; female & male – bottom L & R), a major citrus pest in Southern Africa, was detected for the first time in Australia in 2002 on the declared noxious exotic succulent plants Bryophyllum delagoense (top left), then the subject of a weed biocontrol program. Given its potential to damage citrus fruits for up to 12 weeks from petal fall, we conducted laboratory experiments to determine the potential host range of this thrips in Australia to assess the threat it posed to citrus and other crops, and evaluated insecticide and biocontrol options compatible with Queensland’s long standing citrus IPM system. - 3 - MEDIA SUMMARY South African citrus thrips (SACT), Scirtothrips aurantii, is a major pest of citrus in South Africa, banana in Yemen and grapes in Réunion; it also attacks mango, macadamia and tea. Control relies largely on pesticides, to which it rapidly develops resistance. First detected in Australia in Brisbane in March 2002 on mother of millions, weedy Madagascan succulents, SACT posed a serious threat to Queensland horticulture, including the $100M citrus crop. If SACT behaved in Australia as it does in South African citrus, costs of production would increase, fruit pack-outs fall, and the longstanding IPM system, which relies heavily on a suite of biological control agents likely to be disrupted by increased insecticide usage, would be jeopardised. Climate matching indicted that the threat also extended to southern Australia. SACT is reported from a very broad range of plants, however, in extensive surveillance in Brisbane it was found breeding only on mother of millions, and did not attack citrus, mango or native plants such as Acacia or Grevillea. This aroused speculation that SACT in Australia could be a host-restricted cryptic species, actually not S. aurantii but another species indistinguishable from it, that lives on Bryophyllum but does not attack citrus or other crops. We tested the capacity of Australian S. aurantii to reproduce on 16 crop, 7 ornamental, 8 native and 5 weed species. To develop strategies to manage it in our horticultural crops we tested its susceptibility to insecticides registered in citrus, determined the capacity of the native predatory mite Euseius victoriensis to kill and survive on this thrips, conducted surveillance in the Sunshine Coast area and communicated our findings to Industry. We found that Australian S. aurantii – 1) reproduced at very high levels on Bryophyllum, the traded succulent Kalanchoe blossfeldiana, macadamia and mango - 2) reproduced at moderate to good levels on Navelina orange, Tahitian lime, Eureka lemon, grapefruit, peach, grape, tea and the natives Acacia sophorae, A. longifolia and Syzygium moorei - 3) performed poorly or very poorly, but produced some offspring on many on the other plants tested. We also found that Australian S. aurantii adults were highly susceptible to very low rates of all insecticides tested, and that the predatory mite Euseius victoriensis killed up to six first and small second instar larvae per day, and survived as well on a diet of SACT as on Typha pollen, the food used to mass rear the predator. These findings suggest S. aurantii in Australia could attack important crops, and that natives such as Acacia may act as bridging hosts, allowing it to survive in the absence of its apparently preferred hosts, mother of millions. They also suggest, however, that if this thrips ever attacks Australian crops it should be easily controlled, as it was highly susceptibility to very low rates of a range of insecticides. The predatory mite E. victoriensis killed up to 6 larvae per day and should contribute to biological control if this thrips ever attacks citrus. In the most recent surveys S. aurantii was found at numerous sites on the Darling Downs, the most northerly near Taroom, only 150 km west of Mundubbera in the Central Burnett, Queensland’s largest citrus producing area. These detections indicate a rapid expansion in range of the thrips, previously known only from suburban Brisbane and Laidley, but again it was found only on mother of millions, to which it was causing significant damage. If S. aurantii continues to prefer the widespread and weedy mother of millions, for which it will provide a degree of biological control, and refrains from attacking the valuable crops that overseas experience and our research has shown it can utilise as hosts, this may be one of those rare occasions when a potentially devastating exotic pest incursion turns out to be a good thing, and the Australian form of SACT can be renamed the ‘Bryophyllum thrips’. - 4 - TECHNICAL SUMMARY The problem Scirtothrips aurantii, a major pest of citrus in South Africa, and a pest of mango, macadamia, banana and grape in the region, was found in Brisbane in 2002. This exotic thrips represented a threat to horticultural crops and a serious challenge to citrus IPM. It develops rapidly, has many generations yearly, a broad host range, readily develops resistance to insecticides, and is very damaging to citrus fruits for up to 12 weeks after petal fall. Extensive surveillance in Brisbane detected breeding populations on the exotic succulent weeds Bryophyllum spp., but not on any of the expected crop or native hosts such as citrus, mango, Acacia or Grevillea. The science We developed a rearing method for S. aurantii, determined its’ potential to attack crop, native, ornamental and weed species; determined its’ susceptibility to insecticides; assessed the capacity of the predatory mite Euseius victoriensis to kill and persist on larvae, surveyed Bryophyllum on the Sunshine Coast and communicated our findings to Industry. We found that Australian S. aurantii: 1. Developed successfully on a range of hosts, but performed best on Bryophyllum
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Thrips Simplex Distinguishing Features Both Sexes Fully Winged
    Thrips simplex Distinguishing features Both sexes fully winged. Body and legs dark brown, tarsi and antennal segment III yellowish brown; fore wings brown, base paler. Antennae 8-segmented; III–IV with forked sense cone. Head with 2 pairs of ocellar setae; pair III small, arising just inside anterior margins of ocellar triangle; postocular setae pairs I & III slightly longer than ocellar setae III, postocular setae pair II minute. Pronotum with 2 pairs of posteroangular setae, outer pair slightly shorter than inner pair; posterior margin with 3–4 Female Head & pronotum pairs of setae. Metanotum reticulate medially, reticles elongate on posterior half, most reticles with faint internal markings; median setae short, arising behind anterior margin; campaniform sensilla absent. Fore wing first vein with about 7 setae on distal half; second vein with about 14 setae. Abdominal tergite II with 3 lateral marginal setae; tergites V–VIII with paired ctenidia, on VIII posteromesad to spiracles; tergite VIII posteromarginal comb of microtrichia complete but slightly irregular; pleurotergites without discal setae, but bearing ciliate microtrichia. Sternite II with 2 pairs of marginal setae, III–VII with 3 pairs; sternite II with 1–2 discal setae, III–VII with about 12 discal Meso & metanota setae in single row. Antenna Antenna Male smaller than female; tergite VIII with no posteromarginal comb; sternites III–VII with large transverse pore plate, discal setae arising laterally. Related species Metanotum The genus Thrips is the second largest genus in the Thysanoptera, and currently includes, worldwide, over 290 species. All members of genus Thrips lack ocellar setae I on the head, and they all have ctenidia on tergite VIII posteromesad to the spiracles.
    [Show full text]
  • Tropical Horticulture: Lecture 32 1
    Tropical Horticulture: Lecture 32 Lecture 32 Citrus Citrus: Citrus spp., Rutaceae Citrus are subtropical, evergreen plants originating in southeast Asia and the Malay archipelago but the precise origins are obscure. There are about 1600 species in the subfamily Aurantioideae. The tribe Citreae has 13 genera, most of which are graft and cross compatible with the genus Citrus. There are some tropical species (pomelo). All Citrus combined are the most important fruit crop next to grape. 1 Tropical Horticulture: Lecture 32 The common features are a superior ovary on a raised disc, transparent (pellucid) dots on leaves, and the presence of aromatic oils in leaves and fruits. Citrus has increased in importance in the United States with the development of frozen concentrate which is much superior to canned citrus juice. Per-capita consumption in the US is extremely high. Citrus mitis (calamondin), a miniature orange, is widely grown as an ornamental house pot plant. History Citrus is first mentioned in Chinese literature in 2200 BCE. First citrus in Europe seems to have been the citron, a fruit which has religious significance in Jewish festivals. Mentioned in 310 BCE by Theophrastus. Lemons and limes and sour orange may have been mutations of the citron. The Romans grew sour orange and lemons in 50–100 CE; the first mention of sweet orange in Europe was made in 1400. Columbus brought citrus on his second voyage in 1493 and the first plantation started in Haiti. In 1565 the first citrus was brought to the US in Saint Augustine. 2 Tropical Horticulture: Lecture 32 Taxonomy Citrus classification based on morphology of mature fruit (e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • Classification and Cultivars
    1 Classification and Cultivars 2 Two Tribes • Clauseneae • Citreae has 3 Subtribes –Triphasiinae –Balsamocitrineae –Citrinae 3 Fortunella • Four species - Small trees and shrubs. • Flowers later than Citrus. • Freeze - hardy • Small fruit –‘Meiwa’ and ‘Marumi’ - round –‘Nagami’ ovate 4 Poncirus • Two trifoliate spp. –trifoliata ‘Flying Dragon’ –poyandra • Deciduous • Thorny, Cold hardy, long thorns • Makes great hedges , rootstocks 5 Microcitrus • Northeastern rainforest Australia • Moderate-sized trees. • Leaves are unifoliate dimorphic • Microcitrus australasica –Resistant to burrowing nematode and phytophthora • Micro leaves, flowers, and fruit 6 Clymenia • Unifoliate acuminate leaves tapering into very short petiole. • Branches are thornless. • Style shorter than other true Citrus and stigma is larger and flattened • Fruit - ovoid, thin peeled, many oil glands, many small seeds. 7 Eremocitrus • Xerophytic native of Australia • Spreading long drooping branches • Leaves unifoliate, greyish green, thick, leatherly, and lanceolate. • Sunken stomata, freeze hardy • Ideal xeroscape plant. 8 Citrus - Subgenus Eucitrus • Vesicles - no acrid or bitter oil • C. medica (Citrons) –Uses - candied peel, • Jewish ceremony • Exocortis indicator 9 Citrus limon (Lemons) • Commerce –‘Lisbon’ and ‘Eureka’ • Dooryard –Meyer (Lemon hybrid) • Rough Lemon –Rootstock 10 Lemon Hybrids • Lemonage (lemon x sweet orange) • Lemonime (lemon x lime) • Lemandrin (lemon x mandarin) • Eremolemon (Eremocitrus x lemon) - Australian Desert Lemon 11 Citrus aurantifolia (Limes) • ‘Key’ or ‘Mexican’ limes • ‘Tahiti’ or ‘Persian’ limes some are triploids and seedless • C. macrophylla (lime-like fruit) –Rootstock in California • Lemonimes (lime x lemon) • Limequats (lime x kumquat) 12 • Not grown either in Tahiti or Persian (Iran) • Seedless and marketed when still dark green 13 C. aurantium - Sour Orange • ‘Seville’ in Southern Europe –Orange marmalade • ‘Bouquet’ & ‘Bergamot’ • - Italy –Essential oil • Many forms like ‘Bittersweet’ –Rootstock - High quality fruit.
    [Show full text]
  • Citrus Trifoliata (Rutaceae): Review of Biology and Distribution in the USA
    Nesom, G.L. 2014. Citrus trifoliata (Rutaceae): Review of biology and distribution in the USA. Phytoneuron 2014-46: 1–14. Published 1 May 2014. ISSN 2153 733X CITRUS TRIFOLIATA (RUTACEAE): REVIEW OF BIOLOGY AND DISTRIBUTION IN THE USA GUY L. NESOM 2925 Hartwood Drive Fort Worth, Texas 76109 www.guynesom.com ABSTRACT Citrus trifoliata (aka Poncirus trifoliata , trifoliate orange) has become an aggressive colonizer in the southeastern USA, spreading from plantings as a horticultural novelty and use as a hedge. Its currently known naturalized distribution apparently has resulted from many independent introductions from widely dispersed plantings. Seed set is primarily apomictic and the plants are successful in a variety of habitats, in ruderal habits and disturbed communities as well as in intact natural communities from closed canopy bottomlands to open, upland woods. Trifoliate orange is native to southeastern China and Korea. It was introduced into the USA in the early 1800's but apparently was not widely planted until the late 1800's and early 1900's and was not documented as naturalizing until about 1910. Citrus trifoliata L. (trifoliate orange, hardy orange, Chinese bitter orange, mock orange, winter hardy bitter lemon, Japanese bitter lemon) is a deciduous shrub or small tree relatively common in the southeastern USA. The species is native to eastern Asia and has become naturalized in the USA in many habitats, including ruderal sites as well as intact natural commmunities. It has often been grown as a dense hedge and as a horticultural curiosity because of its green stems and stout green thorns (stipular spines), large, white, fragrant flowers, and often prolific production of persistent, golf-ball sized orange fruits that mature in September and October.
    [Show full text]
  • (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2010/0071096 A1 Yamada Et Al
    US 20100071096A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2010/0071096 A1 Yamada et al. (43) Pub. Date: Mar. 18, 2010 (54) PLANT DISEASE AND INSECT DAMAGE Publication Classification CONTROL COMPOSITION AND PLANT (51) Int. Cl. DISEASE AND INSECT DAMAGE AOIH 5/10 (2006.01) PREVENTION METHOD AOIN 55/10 (2006.01) AOIN 25/26 (2006.01) (75) Inventors: Eiichi Yamada, Chiba (JP): AOIH 5/00 (2006.01) Ryutaro Ezaki, Shiga (JP); AOIH 5/02 (2006.01) Hidenori Daido, Chiba (JP) AOIH 5/08 (2006.01) AOIP3/00 (2006.01) Correspondence Address: BUCHANAN, INGERSOLL & ROONEY PC (52) U.S. Cl. ............................ 800/295: 514/63; 504/100 POST OFFICE BOX 1404 (57) ABSTRACT ALEXANDRIA, VA 22313-1404 (US) The invention provides a plant disease and insect damage control composition including, as active ingredients, dinote (73) Assignee: Mitsui Chemicals, Inc., Minato-ku furan and at least one fungicidal compound; and a plant (JP) disease and insect damage prevention method that includes applying Such a composition to a plant body, Soil, plant seed, (21) Appl. No.: 12/516,966 stored cereal, stored legume, stored fruit, stored vegetable, silage, stored flowering plant, or export/import timber. The (22) PCT Filed: Nov. 22, 2007 invention provides a new plant disease and insect damage (86). PCT No.: PCT/UP2007/072635 control composition and a plant disease and insect damage prevention method with very low toxicity to mammals and S371 (c)(1), fishes, the composition and method showing an effect against (2), (4) Date: May 29, 2009 plural pathogens and pest insects, including emerging resis tant pathogens and resistant pest insect, by application to a (30) Foreign Application Priority Data plant body, soil, plant seed, stored cereal, stored legume, stored fruit, stored vegetable, silage, stored flowering plant, Nov.
    [Show full text]
  • Thrips Setosus (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), the Japanese Flower Thrips, in Cultivation of Hydrangea in the Netherlands
    entomologische berichten 103 76 (3) 2016 Thrips setosus (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), the Japanese flower thrips, in cultivation of Hydrangea in the Netherlands Gijsbertus Vierbergen Antoon J.M. Loomans KEY WORDS First record, introduction, invasive species, minor pest, risks Entomologische Berichten 76 (3): 103-108 Thrips setosus Moulton, the Japanese flower thrips, has been found for the first time in the Netherlands. On September 30 2014, 22 females and 5 larvae of this species were detected on Hydrangea in a nursery at Kudelstaart. Until then, T. setosus had only been known from Japan and South Korea, where it is a polyphagous minor pest and with no known association with Hydrangea. Remarkably, interceptions in the international trade of plant products of this opportunistic species are very scarce, and this thrips has not been recorded as an invasive species. A survey carried out showed its presence in several Hydrangea nurseries in the Netherlands. However, the origin of the populations and the year of introduction into the country could not be established. Based on a short risk analysis it has been decided not to focus on elimination of the species, but to inform national and international organizations involved in plant protection about its occurrence. Details about its detection and identification, and the results of the survey, are presented. Introduction For diagnostic purposes he sent this material together with site Thrips (Thysanoptera) are known as plant pests worldwide, information to the National Reference Centre of the NVWA. especially in ornamentals and vegetables. Some species On the infested plant material, ten thrips females and five (e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • Checklist of the Vascular Alien Flora of Catalonia (Northeastern Iberian Peninsula, Spain) Pere Aymerich1 & Llorenç Sáez2,3
    BOTANICAL CHECKLISTS Mediterranean Botany ISSNe 2603-9109 https://dx.doi.org/10.5209/mbot.63608 Checklist of the vascular alien flora of Catalonia (northeastern Iberian Peninsula, Spain) Pere Aymerich1 & Llorenç Sáez2,3 Received: 7 March 2019 / Accepted: 28 June 2019 / Published online: 7 November 2019 Abstract. This is an inventory of the vascular alien flora of Catalonia (northeastern Iberian Peninsula, Spain) updated to 2018, representing 1068 alien taxa in total. 554 (52.0%) out of them are casual and 514 (48.0%) are established. 87 taxa (8.1% of the total number and 16.8 % of those established) show an invasive behaviour. The geographic zone with more alien plants is the most anthropogenic maritime area. However, the differences among regions decrease when the degree of naturalization of taxa increases and the number of invaders is very similar in all sectors. Only 26.2% of the taxa are more or less abundant, while the rest are rare or they have vanished. The alien flora is represented by 115 families, 87 out of them include naturalised species. The most diverse genera are Opuntia (20 taxa), Amaranthus (18 taxa) and Solanum (15 taxa). Most of the alien plants have been introduced since the beginning of the twentieth century (70.7%), with a strong increase since 1970 (50.3% of the total number). Almost two thirds of alien taxa have their origin in Euro-Mediterranean area and America, while 24.6% come from other geographical areas. The taxa originated in cultivation represent 9.5%, whereas spontaneous hybrids only 1.2%. From the temporal point of view, the rate of Euro-Mediterranean taxa shows a progressive reduction parallel to an increase of those of other origins, which have reached 73.2% of introductions during the last 50 years.
    [Show full text]
  • Prickly News South Coast Cactus & Succulent Society Newsletter | Feb 2021
    PRICKLY NEWS SOUTH COAST CACTUS & SUCCULENT SOCIETY NEWSLETTER | FEB 2021 Guillermo ZOOM PRESENTATION SHARE YOUR GARDEN OR YOUR FAVORITE PLANT Rivera Sunday, February 14 @ 1:30 pm Cactus diversity in northwestern Argentina: a habitat approach I enjoyed Brian Kemble’s presentation on the Ruth Bancroft Garden in Walnut Creek. For those of you who missed the presentation, check out the website at https://www. ruthbancroftgarden.org for hints on growing, lectures and access to webinars that are available. Email me with photos of your garden and/or plants Brian graciously offered to answer any questions that we can publish as a way of staying connected. or inquiries on the garden by contacting him at [email protected] [email protected]. CALL FOR PHOTOS: The Mini Show genera for February are Cactus: Eriosyce (includes Neoporteria, Islaya and Neochilenia) and Succulent: Crassula. Photos will be published and you will be given To learn more visit southcoastcss.org one Mini-show point each for a submitted photo of your cactus, succulent or garden (up to 2 points). Please include your plant’s full name if you know it (and if you don’t, I will seek advice for you). Like us on our facebook page Let me know if you would prefer not to have your name published with the photos. The photos should be as high resolution as possible so they will publish well and should show off the plant as you would Follow us on Instagram, _sccss_ in a Mini Show. This will provide all of us with an opportunity to learn from one another and share plants and gardens.
    [Show full text]
  • Impacts of Insecticides on Predatory Mite, Neoseiulus Fallacis (Acari: Phytoseidae) and Mite Flaring of European Red Mites, Panonychus Ulmi (Acari: Tetranychidae)
    IMPACTS OF INSECTICIDES ON PREDATORY MITE, NEOSEIULUS FALLACIS (ACARI: PHYTOSEIDAE) AND MITE FLARING OF EUROPEAN RED MITES, PANONYCHUS ULMI (ACARI: TETRANYCHIDAE) By Raja Zalinda Raja Jamil A DISSERTATION Submitted to Michigan State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Entomology–Doctor of Philosophy 2014 ABSTRACT IMPACTS OF INSECTICIDES ON PREDATORY MITE, NEOSEIULUS FALLACIS (ACARI: PHYTOSEIDAE) AND MITE FLARING OF EUROPEAN RED MITES, PANONYCHUS ULMI (ACARI: TETRANYCHIDAE) By Raja Zalinda Raja Jamil Panonychus ulmi, the European red mite, is a major agricultural pest found in most deciduous fruit growing areas. It is the most important mite species attacking tree fruits in humid regions of North America. Bristle-like mouthparts of this mite species pierce the leaf cell wall and ingestion of their contents including chlorophyll causes bronzing injury to leaves. Heavy mite feeding early in the season (late Jun and July) reduce tree growth and yield as well as the fruit bud formation, thereby reduce yields the following year. Biological control of this pest species by predators has been a cornerstone of IPM. Phytoseiid mite, Neoseiulus fallacis (Garman) is the most effective predator mite in Michigan apple orchards and provides mid- and late-season biological control of European red mites. Achieving full potential of biological control in tree fruit has been challenging due to the periodic sprays of broad-spectrum insecticides. There have been cases of mite flaring reported by farmers in relation to the reduced-risk (RR) insecticides that were registered in commercial apple production in the past ten years. These insecticides are often used in fruit trees to control key direct pests such as the codling moth.
    [Show full text]
  • Dinâmica Populacional De Ácaros Em Cafezal Próximo a Fragmento Florestal E Conduzido Sob a Ação De Agrotóxicos No Município De Monte Alegre Do Sul - SP
    1 Dinâmica Populacional de Ácaros em Cafezal Próximo a Fragmento Florestal e Conduzido sob a Ação de Agrotóxicos no Município de Monte Alegre do Sul - SP LUIZ HENRIQUE CHORFI BERTON Livros Grátis http://www.livrosgratis.com.br Milhares de livros grátis para download. 2 DADOS DE CATALOGAÇÃO NA PUBLICAÇÃO (CIP) Núcleo de Informação e Documentação - Biblioteca Instituto Biológico Secretaria da Agricultura e Abastecimento do Estado de São Paulo Berton, Luiz Henrique Chorfi Dinâmica populacional de ácaros em cafezal próximo a fragmento florestal e conduzido sob a ação de agrotóxicos no município de Monte Alegre do Sul, SP / Luiz Henrique Chorfi Berton. – São Paulo, 2009. Dissertação (Mestrado) Instituto Biológico (São Paulo). Programa de Pós-Graduação. Área de concentração: Sanidade Vegetal, Segurança Alimentar e o Ambiente Linha de pesquisa: Biodiversidade: caracterização, interações, interações ecológicas em agroecossistemas. Orientador: Adalton Raga Versão do título para o inglês: Population dynamics of mites in a coffee plantation under pesticide treatment close to a forest fragment in Monte Alegre do Sul County, State of São Paulo. 1. Acarofauna em cafezal 2. Dinâmica populacional 3. Ação de agrotóxicos 4. Fragmento florestal 5. Monte Alegre do Sul, SP I. Raga, Adalton II. Instituto Biológico (São Paulo). Programa de Pós-Graduação III. Título IB/Bibl /2009/021 3 INSTITUTO BIOLÓGICO PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO Dinâmica Populacional de Ácaros em Cafezal Próximo a Fragmento Florestal e Conduzido sob a ação de Agrotóxicos no Município de Monte Alegre do Sul - SP LUIZ HENRIQUE CHORFI BERTON Dissertação apresentada ao Instituto Biológico, da Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios, para obtenção do título de Mestre em Sanidade, Segurança Alimentar e Ambiental no Agronegócio.
    [Show full text]
  • UC Riverside UC Riverside Electronic Theses and Dissertations
    UC Riverside UC Riverside Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Cross-Compatibility, Graft-Compatibility, and Phylogenetic Relationships in the Aurantioideae: New Data From the Balsamocitrinae Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1904r6x3 Author Siebert Wooldridge, Toni Jean Publication Date 2016 Supplemental Material https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1904r6x3#supplemental Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA RIVERSIDE Cross-Compatibility, Graft-Compatibility, and Phylogenetic Relationships in the Aurantioideae: New Data From the Balsamocitrinae A Thesis submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Plant Biology by Toni J Siebert Wooldridge December 2016 Thesis committee: Dr. Norman C. Ellstrand, Chairperson Dr. Timothy J. Close Dr. Robert R. Krueger The Thesis of Toni J Siebert Wooldridge is approved: Committee Chairperson University of California, Riverside ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am indebted to many people who have been an integral part of my research and supportive throughout my graduate studies: A huge thank you to Dr. Norman Ellstrand as my major professor and graduate advisor, and to my supervisor, Dr. Tracy Kahn, who helped influence my decision to go back to graduate school while allowing me to continue my full-time employment with the UC Riverside Citrus Variety Collection. Norm and Tracy, my UCR parents, provided such amazing enthusiasm, guidance and friendship while I was working, going to school and caring for my growing family. Their support was critical and I could not have done this without them. My committee members, Dr. Timothy Close and Dr. Robert Krueger for their valuable advice, feedback and suggestions.
    [Show full text]
  • Citrus Industry Biosecurity Plan 2015
    Industry Biosecurity Plan for the Citrus Industry Version 3.0 July 2015 PLANT HEALTH AUSTRALIA | Citrus Industry Biosecurity Plan 2015 Location: Level 1 1 Phipps Close DEAKIN ACT 2600 Phone: +61 2 6215 7700 Fax: +61 2 6260 4321 E-mail: [email protected] Visit our web site: www.planthealthaustralia.com.au An electronic copy of this plan is available through the email address listed above. © Plant Health Australia Limited 2004 Copyright in this publication is owned by Plant Health Australia Limited, except when content has been provided by other contributors, in which case copyright may be owned by another person. With the exception of any material protected by a trade mark, this publication is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-No Derivs 3.0 Australia licence. Any use of this publication, other than as authorised under this licence or copyright law, is prohibited. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/ - This details the relevant licence conditions, including the full legal code. This licence allows for redistribution, commercial and non-commercial, as long as it is passed along unchanged and in whole, with credit to Plant Health Australia (as below). In referencing this document, the preferred citation is: Plant Health Australia Ltd (2004) Industry Biosecurity Plan for the Citrus Industry (Version 3.0 – July 2015). Plant Health Australia, Canberra, ACT. Disclaimer: The material contained in this publication is produced for general information only. It is not intended as professional advice on any particular matter. No person should act or fail to act on the basis of any material contained in this publication without first obtaining specific and independent professional advice.
    [Show full text]