DOCSLIB.ORG

Phylogenetic Relationships of Aurantioideae (Rutaceae) Based on RAD-Seq

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Phylogenetic Relationships of Aurantioideae (Rutaceae) Based on RAD-Seq Tree Genetics & Genomes (2018) 14:6 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11295-017-1223-z ORIGINAL ARTICLE Phylogenetic relationships of Aurantioideae (Rutaceae) based on RAD-Seq Yukio Nagano1 & Takashi Mimura2 & Nobuhiro Kotoda2 & Ryoji Matsumoto2 & Atsushi J. Nagano3,4,5 & Mie N. Honjo3 & Hiroshi Kudoh3 & Masashi Yamamoto6 Received: 31 July 2017 /Revised: 27 November 2017 /Accepted: 25 December 2017 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2018 Abstract The economically and nutritionally important genus Citrus belongs to the subfamily Aurantioideae in the family Rutaceae. Here, we analyzed the phylogenetic relationships of the subfamily Aurantioideae based on RAD-Seq. The RAD-Seq data produced phylogenetic trees with high support values, clear discriminations based on branch length, and elucidations of early branching events. Our genetic classification corresponded well with the classical morphological classification system and supported the subdivision of Citreae, one of two tribes of the Aurantioideae, into three subtribes—Triphasiinae, Citrinae, and Balsamocitrinae. Additionally, it was largely consistent with the subdivision of Clauseneae, the other tribe of the Aurantioideae, into three subtribes—Micromelinae, Clauseninae, and Merrillinae; the exception was Murraya paniculata. With the exception of members of primitive citrus fruit trees, namely, Severinia buxifolia and Hesperethusa crenulata, lower-level morphological groupings under subtribes based on genetic and morphological classifications corresponded well. The phylogenetic relationship between Asian Btrue citrus fruit trees^ (genera Citrus, Poncirus,and Fortunella) and Australian/New Guinean citrus fruit trees (genera Microcitrus, Eremocitrus,andClymenia) was incon- sistent between present classification based mainly on the nuclear genome and the previous classification based on the chloroplast genome. This inconsistency may be explained by chloroplast capture. Our findings provide a valuable insight into the genetic relationships of the subfamily Aurantioideae in the family Rutaceae. Keywords Citrus . Aurantioideae . Rutaceae . RAD-Seq . Phylogeny . Genetic classification Communicated by W.-W. Guo Introduction Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11295-017-1223-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. Citrus is an economically and nutritionally important genus and a member of the subfamily Aurantioideae in the family * Yukio Nagano Rutaceae. In addition to Citrus species, some other members [email protected] of Aurantioideae are used for various purposes such as foods, spices, medicinal chemicals, cosmetics, and garden trees. 1 Analytical Research Center for Experimental Sciences, Saga Therefore, it is important to understand the phylogenetic rela- University, 1 Honjo-machi, Saga 840-8502, Japan tionships of the subfamily Aurantioideae. 2 Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, 1 Honjo-machi, Classical morphology divided the subfamily Saga 840-8502, Japan Aurantioideae into two tribes—Clauseneae and Citreae 3 Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, 509-3 2-chome, (Swingle and Reece 1967). Recent molecular classifica- Hirano, Otsu, Shiga 520-2113, Japan tions, using small numbers of DNA sequences, also clear- 4 JST PRESTO, 4-1-8, Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan ly discriminated Citreae from Clauseneae (Bayer et al. 5 Faculty of Agriculture, Ryukoku University, 1-5 Yokotani, Seta 2009;Penjoretal.2013;Schwartzetal.2015). Oe-cho, Otsu, Shiga 520-2194, Japan Morphological classification subdivided each tribe into 6 Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, three subtribes. The tribe Clauseneae consists of Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan Micromelinae, Clauseninae, and Merrillinae, and the tribe 6 Page 2 of 11 Tree Genetics & Genomes (2018) 14:6 Citreae consists of Triphasiinae, Citrinae, and RAD-Seq analysis Balsamocitrinae (Swingle and Reece 1967). However, re- cent molecular studies did not clearly reveal this level of The DNA purification procedure was identical to that described classification (Bayer et al. 2009;Penjoretal.2013; by Penjor et al. (2014). The method used to create the library Schwartz et al. 2015), probably because they did not have for double-digest RAD-Seq was identical to that described by the capability to determine earlier branching events. Sakaguchi et al. (2015), which is a modification of the original The data size used in previous molecular analyses was double-digest RAD-Seq (Peterson et al. 2012)asfollows:BglII small, i.e., small numbers of markers or short DNA se- was used as the first restriction site adjacent to the binding site quences. Therefore, these previous studies did not dis- of the primer to read a single-end sequence, and EcoRI was criminate the earlier branching events that separated major used as the second restriction site adjacent to the binding site to taxa. In addition, it was difficult to reveal genetic relation- read an index sequence. The library was sequenced with 49 bp ships among closely related species. Next-generation se- single-end reads in one lane of an Illumina HiSeq2000 quencing produces a large amount of data; hence, it is (Illumina, San Diego, CA, USA) by BGI Hong Kong. At worthwhile using it to reveal the genetic relationships BGI, the raw data were modified using the following two steps: within the subfamily Aurantioideae. In comparison with (1) reads that were polluted by adapter sequences were deleted, whole genome sequencing, restriction site-associated and (2) reads that contained > 50% low-quality bases (quality DNA sequencing (RAD-Seq) can analyze many samples value ≤ 5) or > 10% N bases were removed. inexpensively and simultaneously, and it is suitable for studying the relationships between genetically similar in- Phylogenetic analysis based on the pyRAD program dividuals (Baird et al. 2008). The original report of RAD- Seq(Bairdetal.2008) has more than 1000 Google Reads were further cleaned using the process_shortreads pro- Scholar citations, and the technique has been applied to gram of the Stacks package (version 1.46) with -c (clean data, many types of model and non-model organisms (Andrews remove any read with an uncalled base) and -q (discard reads et al. 2016). In our case, we used this method to analyze with low-quality scores) options (Catchen et al. 2011, 2013). Citrus species (Penjor et al. 2014, 2016), which are ge- For the construction of phylogenetic trees, multiple alignments netically similar because of their cross-compatibilities. were created using the pyRAD program (version 3.0.66) The relationships between genetically distant individuals (Eaton 2014). In multiple alignments c80m12, c85m12, and at the genus and/or family level have been analyzed using c90m12, Wclust (clustering threshold as a decimal) was set to RAD-Seq data with the new software PyRAD (Eaton 0.80, 0.85, and 0.90, respectively, with Mindepth (min cover- 2014). The clustering method of PyRAD does not use age for a cluster) = 6, NQual (max # sites with quality < 20) = the reference genome and allows for lower similarity 4, MinCov (min samples in a final locus) = 12, and MaxSH thresholds and inclusion of indels. Therefore, it is possible (max inds with shared hetero site) = 3. In multiple alignments to analyze relationships within the subfamily c80m4, c85m4, and c90m4, Wclust was set to 0.80, 0.85, and Aurantioideae using RAD-Seq. The RAD-Seq method 0.90, respectively, with Mindepth = 6, NQual = 4, MinCov = and the programs required to analyze the resulting data 4, and MaxSH = 3. In these calculations, the default parameter were reviewed by Andrews et al. (2016). of maximum depth filtering was used. For all six multiple In the present study, we analyzed the genetic relationships alignments, phylogenetic trees based on maximum likelihood within the subfamily Aurantioideae based on RAD-Seq. The were constructed using the RAxML program (version 8.2.10) obtained phylogenetic trees elucidated branching order well. (Stamatakis 2014) (-f = a, -x = 12,345, -p = 12,345, -N (boot- Herein, we describe new findings and confirm previous find- strap value) = 1000, and -m = GTRGAMMA). For multiple ings. Our molecular classification is consistent with the clas- alignments c80m12, c85m12, and c90m12, phylogenetic trees sical morphological classification (Swingle and Reece 1967). based on Bayesian inference were constructed using the MrBayes program (version 3.2.2) (Ronquist and Huelsenbeck 2003) (lset nst = 6, rates = invgamma, mcmc Materials and methods ngen = 100,000, samplefreq = 1000, nchains = 4, and savebrlens = yes). In each analysis, the midpoint was used as Plant materials a root. The number of phylogenetically informative sites was calculated using MEGA version 7 (Kumar et al. 2016). Thirty-five species from 22 genera of the subfamily Aurantioideae were used in this study (Table 1). The ma- Phylogenetic analysis based on the Stacks program terials have been preserved at the Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, and the Faculty of Agriculture, For the de novo analysis, the cleaned reads were analyzed Kagoshima University. using the denovo_map.pl script of the Stacks package Tree Genetics & Genomes (2018) 14:6 Page 3 of 11 6 Table 1 Species used to analyze the genetic relationships within Aurantioideae Tribe Subtribe Group Latin name (common name/accession name) Source Accession no. Clauseneae Micromelinae Micromelum minutum (Forst.) Wt. & Arn. Saga Univ. 8650 Clauseninae Clausena
Load more

Recommended publications
  • UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA RIVERSIDE Cross-Compatibility, Graft-Compatibility, and Phylogenetic Relationships in the Aurantioi
    UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA RIVERSIDE Cross-Compatibility, Graft-Compatibility, and Phylogenetic Relationships in the Aurantioideae: New Data From the Balsamocitrinae A Thesis submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Plant Biology by Toni J Siebert Wooldridge December 2016 Thesis committee: Dr. Norman C. Ellstrand, Chairperson Dr. Timothy J. Close Dr. Robert R. Krueger The Thesis of Toni J Siebert Wooldridge is approved: Committee Chairperson University of California, Riverside ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am indebted to many people who have been an integral part of my research and supportive throughout my graduate studies: A huge thank you to Dr. Norman Ellstrand as my major professor and graduate advisor, and to my supervisor, Dr. Tracy Kahn, who helped influence my decision to go back to graduate school while allowing me to continue my full-time employment with the UC Riverside Citrus Variety Collection. Norm and Tracy, my UCR parents, provided such amazing enthusiasm, guidance and friendship while I was working, going to school and caring for my growing family. Their support was critical and I could not have done this without them. My committee members, Dr. Timothy Close and Dr. Robert Krueger for their valuable advice, feedback and suggestions. Robert Krueger for mentoring me over the past twelve years. He was the first person I met at UCR and his willingness to help expand my knowledge base on Citrus varieties has been a generous gift. He is also an amazing friend. Tim Williams for teaching me everything I know about breeding Citrus and without whom I'd have never discovered my love for the art.
    [Show full text]
  • Known Host Plants of Huanglongbing (HLB) and Asian Citrus Psyllid
    Known Host Plants of Huanglongbing (HLB) and Asian Citrus Psyllid Diaphorina Liberibacter citri Plant Name asiaticus Citrus Huanglongbing Psyllid Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr. Serr.: bael, Bengal quince, golden apple, bela, milva X Aeglopsis chevalieri Swingle: Chevalier’s aeglopsis X X Afraegle gabonensis (Swingle) Engl.: Gabon powder-flask X Afraegle paniculata (Schum.) Engl.: Nigerian powder- flask X Atalantia missionis (Wall. ex Wight) Oliv.: see Pamburus missionis X X Atalantia monophylla (L.) Corr.: Indian atalantia X Balsamocitrus dawei Stapf: Uganda powder- flask X X Burkillanthus malaccensis (Ridl.) Swingle: Malay ghost-lime X Calodendrum capense Thunb.: Cape chestnut X × Citroncirus webberi J. Ingram & H. E. Moore: citrange X Citropsis gilletiana Swingle & M. Kellerman: Gillet’s cherry-orange X Citropsis schweinfurthii (Engl.) Swingle & Kellerm.: African cherry- orange X Citrus amblycarpa (Hassk.) Ochse: djerook leemo, djeruk-limau X Citrus aurantiifolia (Christm.) Swingle: lime, Key lime, Persian lime, lima, limón agrio, limón ceutí, lima mejicana, limero X X Citrus aurantium L.: sour orange, Seville orange, bigarde, marmalade orange, naranja agria, naranja amarga X Citrus depressa Hayata: shiikuwasha, shekwasha, sequasse X Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck: see Citrus maxima X Citrus hassaku hort. ex Tanaka: hassaku orange X Citrus hystrix DC.: Mauritius papeda, Kaffir lime X X Citrus ichangensis Swingle: Ichang papeda X Citrus jambhiri Lushington: rough lemon, jambhiri-orange, limón rugoso, rugoso X X Citrus junos Sieb. ex Tanaka: xiang
    [Show full text]
  • Medicinal Practices of Sacred Natural Sites: a Socio-Religious Approach for Successful Implementation of Primary
    Medicinal practices of sacred natural sites: a socio-religious approach for successful implementation of primary healthcare services Rajasri Ray and Avik Ray Review Correspondence Abstract Rajasri Ray*, Avik Ray Centre for studies in Ethnobiology, Biodiversity and Background: Sacred groves are model systems that Sustainability (CEiBa), Malda - 732103, West have the potential to contribute to rural healthcare Bengal, India owing to their medicinal floral diversity and strong social acceptance. *Corresponding Author: Rajasri Ray; [email protected] Methods: We examined this idea employing ethnomedicinal plants and their application Ethnobotany Research & Applications documented from sacred groves across India. A total 20:34 (2020) of 65 published documents were shortlisted for the Key words: AYUSH; Ethnomedicine; Medicinal plant; preparation of database and statistical analysis. Sacred grove; Spatial fidelity; Tropical diseases Standard ethnobotanical indices and mapping were used to capture the current trend. Background Results: A total of 1247 species from 152 families Human-nature interaction has been long entwined in has been documented for use against eighteen the history of humanity. Apart from deriving natural categories of diseases common in tropical and sub- resources, humans have a deep rooted tradition of tropical landscapes. Though the reported species venerating nature which is extensively observed are clustered around a few widely distributed across continents (Verschuuren 2010). The tradition families, 71% of them are uniquely represented from has attracted attention of researchers and policy- any single biogeographic region. The use of multiple makers for its impact on local ecological and socio- species in treating an ailment, high use value of the economic dynamics. Ethnomedicine that emanated popular plants, and cross-community similarity in from this tradition, deals health issues with nature- disease treatment reflects rich community wisdom to derived resources.
    [Show full text]
  • Tropical Horticulture: Lecture 32 1
    Tropical Horticulture: Lecture 32 Lecture 32 Citrus Citrus: Citrus spp., Rutaceae Citrus are subtropical, evergreen plants originating in southeast Asia and the Malay archipelago but the precise origins are obscure. There are about 1600 species in the subfamily Aurantioideae. The tribe Citreae has 13 genera, most of which are graft and cross compatible with the genus Citrus. There are some tropical species (pomelo). All Citrus combined are the most important fruit crop next to grape. 1 Tropical Horticulture: Lecture 32 The common features are a superior ovary on a raised disc, transparent (pellucid) dots on leaves, and the presence of aromatic oils in leaves and fruits. Citrus has increased in importance in the United States with the development of frozen concentrate which is much superior to canned citrus juice. Per-capita consumption in the US is extremely high. Citrus mitis (calamondin), a miniature orange, is widely grown as an ornamental house pot plant. History Citrus is first mentioned in Chinese literature in 2200 BCE. First citrus in Europe seems to have been the citron, a fruit which has religious significance in Jewish festivals. Mentioned in 310 BCE by Theophrastus. Lemons and limes and sour orange may have been mutations of the citron. The Romans grew sour orange and lemons in 50–100 CE; the first mention of sweet orange in Europe was made in 1400. Columbus brought citrus on his second voyage in 1493 and the first plantation started in Haiti. In 1565 the first citrus was brought to the US in Saint Augustine. 2 Tropical Horticulture: Lecture 32 Taxonomy Citrus classification based on morphology of mature fruit (e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • Classification and Cultivars
    1 Classification and Cultivars 2 Two Tribes • Clauseneae • Citreae has 3 Subtribes –Triphasiinae –Balsamocitrineae –Citrinae 3 Fortunella • Four species - Small trees and shrubs. • Flowers later than Citrus. • Freeze - hardy • Small fruit –‘Meiwa’ and ‘Marumi’ - round –‘Nagami’ ovate 4 Poncirus • Two trifoliate spp. –trifoliata ‘Flying Dragon’ –poyandra • Deciduous • Thorny, Cold hardy, long thorns • Makes great hedges , rootstocks 5 Microcitrus • Northeastern rainforest Australia • Moderate-sized trees. • Leaves are unifoliate dimorphic • Microcitrus australasica –Resistant to burrowing nematode and phytophthora • Micro leaves, flowers, and fruit 6 Clymenia • Unifoliate acuminate leaves tapering into very short petiole. • Branches are thornless. • Style shorter than other true Citrus and stigma is larger and flattened • Fruit - ovoid, thin peeled, many oil glands, many small seeds. 7 Eremocitrus • Xerophytic native of Australia • Spreading long drooping branches • Leaves unifoliate, greyish green, thick, leatherly, and lanceolate. • Sunken stomata, freeze hardy • Ideal xeroscape plant. 8 Citrus - Subgenus Eucitrus • Vesicles - no acrid or bitter oil • C. medica (Citrons) –Uses - candied peel, • Jewish ceremony • Exocortis indicator 9 Citrus limon (Lemons) • Commerce –‘Lisbon’ and ‘Eureka’ • Dooryard –Meyer (Lemon hybrid) • Rough Lemon –Rootstock 10 Lemon Hybrids • Lemonage (lemon x sweet orange) • Lemonime (lemon x lime) • Lemandrin (lemon x mandarin) • Eremolemon (Eremocitrus x lemon) - Australian Desert Lemon 11 Citrus aurantifolia (Limes) • ‘Key’ or ‘Mexican’ limes • ‘Tahiti’ or ‘Persian’ limes some are triploids and seedless • C. macrophylla (lime-like fruit) –Rootstock in California • Lemonimes (lime x lemon) • Limequats (lime x kumquat) 12 • Not grown either in Tahiti or Persian (Iran) • Seedless and marketed when still dark green 13 C. aurantium - Sour Orange • ‘Seville’ in Southern Europe –Orange marmalade • ‘Bouquet’ & ‘Bergamot’ • - Italy –Essential oil • Many forms like ‘Bittersweet’ –Rootstock - High quality fruit.
    [Show full text]
  • Palynological Properties of the Genus Haplophyllum (Rutaceae) in Jordan
    Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2015) 4(9): 281-287 ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 4 Number 9 (2015) pp. 281-287 http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article Palynological Properties of the Genus Haplophyllum (Rutaceae) in Jordan Dawud Al-Eisawi* and Mariam Al-Khatib Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, the University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan *Corresponding author A B S T R A C T Pollen morphological characteristics of four Haplophyllum species occurring in Jordan; H. blanchei, H. buxbaumii, H. poorei and H. K e y w o r d s tuberculatum, have been investigated by both light and scanning electron Haplophyllum, microscopy (SEM). Data about symmetry, polarity, shape, size, apertures Rutaceae, and surface sculpturing are recorded. H. blanchei and H. tuberculatum Pollen-grains, pollen grains subprolate shape, while H. buxbaumii have prolate to Jordan spheroidal shape and H. poorei have spheroidal shape. Pollen grains of all species have radial symmetry, with tricolpate aperatures, isopolar, with striate perforated sculpture. Introduction The genus Haplophyllum has 68 species Khader, 1997), the genus Allium (Omar, (Townsend, 1986), with a maximum species 2006) and the genus Tulipa (Al-Hodali, diversity in Turkey, Iran and Central Asia 2011) and others. (Salvo et al., 2011). The Haplophyllum genus is represented by five taxa in Jordan; Palynological characters were adopted by H. blanchei, H. buxbaumii, H. poorei, H. many scientists including pollen tuberculatum and H. fruticulosum (Al- morphology for the family Rutaceae. The Eisawi, 1982, 2013), but recent revision of pollen morphology of the subfamily this genus in Jordan (Al-Khatib, 2013) Aurantioideae (Rutaceae) was studied.
    [Show full text]
  • Citrus Trifoliata (Rutaceae): Review of Biology and Distribution in the USA
    Nesom, G.L. 2014. Citrus trifoliata (Rutaceae): Review of biology and distribution in the USA. Phytoneuron 2014-46: 1–14. Published 1 May 2014. ISSN 2153 733X CITRUS TRIFOLIATA (RUTACEAE): REVIEW OF BIOLOGY AND DISTRIBUTION IN THE USA GUY L. NESOM 2925 Hartwood Drive Fort Worth, Texas 76109 www.guynesom.com ABSTRACT Citrus trifoliata (aka Poncirus trifoliata , trifoliate orange) has become an aggressive colonizer in the southeastern USA, spreading from plantings as a horticultural novelty and use as a hedge. Its currently known naturalized distribution apparently has resulted from many independent introductions from widely dispersed plantings. Seed set is primarily apomictic and the plants are successful in a variety of habitats, in ruderal habits and disturbed communities as well as in intact natural communities from closed canopy bottomlands to open, upland woods. Trifoliate orange is native to southeastern China and Korea. It was introduced into the USA in the early 1800's but apparently was not widely planted until the late 1800's and early 1900's and was not documented as naturalizing until about 1910. Citrus trifoliata L. (trifoliate orange, hardy orange, Chinese bitter orange, mock orange, winter hardy bitter lemon, Japanese bitter lemon) is a deciduous shrub or small tree relatively common in the southeastern USA. The species is native to eastern Asia and has become naturalized in the USA in many habitats, including ruderal sites as well as intact natural commmunities. It has often been grown as a dense hedge and as a horticultural curiosity because of its green stems and stout green thorns (stipular spines), large, white, fragrant flowers, and often prolific production of persistent, golf-ball sized orange fruits that mature in September and October.
    [Show full text]
  • 119-123 (2008) ว. วิทย. กษ. 39 : 3 (พเศษิ ) : 119-123 (2551)
    Agricultural Sci. J. 39 : 3 (Suppl.) : 119-123 (2008) ว. วิทย. กษ. 39 : 3 (พเศษิ ) : 119-123 (2551) การยับยั้งเชื้อราสาเหตุโรคพืชดวยสารสกัดจากพืชในสกุล Rutaceae 16 ชนิด Antimicrobial activity of 16 plant extracts of the Rutaceae family against phytopathogenic fungi เนตรนภสิ เขียวขาํ 1, Harald Greger2 และ สมศิริ แสงโชต1ิ Netnapis Khewkhom1, Harald Greger2 and Somsiri Shangchote1 Abstract The lipophilic extract of 16 plant extracts of the Rutaceae family was selected for investigation of antifungal properties. Antifungal active compounds bioautography bioassays against Cladosporium herbarum have been detected. Comparative studies of Toddalia sp. (leaves), Limonia acidissima (leaves), Vepris bilocularis (leaves), Coleonema pulchellum (roots), Triphasia trifoliata (leaves), Pleiospermum alatum (leaves and stem), Acronychia pedunculata (leaves), and Atalantia sp. (leaves) extract showed clear inhibition zones on TLC plates against C. herbarum. In microdilution bioassay, the leaf extracts of Fortunella hindsii exhibited the strongest fungicidal activity with a MIC value at 312.5 μg/mL and showed an inhibition of spore germination at EC50 of 114 μg/mL for Botrytis cinerea. L. acidissima leaf extracts displayed a MIC of 1250 μg/mL and showed an inhibition of spore germination with EC50 0 values at 589 μg/mL for B. cinerea. The leaf extracts of two different collections of Glycosmis mauritiana (RUT 213/7) and (RUT 400) revealed clear differences for the antifungal activity: the EC50 value of the former was at 70 μg/mL, but 1249 μg/mL for the latter. G. mauritiana (RUT 213/7) revealed clear differences for the antifungal activity: the EC50 value at 70 μg/mL. Stem extracts of Pleiospermum alatum showed activities with values at EC50 262 μg/mL against B.
    [Show full text]
  • Australia and Huanglongbing
    AUSTRALIA AND HUANGLONGBING GAC Beattie1, P Holford1, DJ Mabberley1,2, AM Haigh1 and P Broadbent3 1Centre for Plant and Food Science, University of Western Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith South DC, New South Wales 1797, Australia; 2 Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AB, United Kingdom; 3 PO Box 46 Mulgoa, NSW 2745, Australia ABSTRACT Preparations are now underway for potential incursions of huanglongbing and its two known vectors, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama and Trioza erytreae del Guercio, into Australia. These preparations, particularly the development of an incursion management plan (IMP), involve extensive reviews of literature related to the origins of Citrus and huanglongbing, and of host records for the disease and its vectors. This paper briefly discusses issues and aspects of the IMP, including pre- and post-incursion management plans. Key words: Incursion Management Plan (IMP), huanglongbing, Australia INTRODUCTION prepared for the Australian citrus industry (Beattie and Barkley 2009). Preparation of The pathogens that cause huanglongbing the plan has involved a thorough review of (HLB) are not known to occur in Australia host records for the disease and its vectors, neither are the two known vectors of the assessment of likely entry pathways, the disease, the Asiatic citrus psyllid Diaphorina biology of the disease and the vectors, and citri Kuwayama [Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: methods to limit the impact of the disease Psylloidea: Psyllidae] and the African citrus should one or both vectors be introduced psyllid
    [Show full text]
  • Citrus Aurantium Hybrid. Ponciros Trifoliata (Tri22 [1431 Australian Strain), Cirros Sinensis and (Cirrus Sinensis X P
    Citrus aurantium hybrid. Ponciros trifoliata (Tri22 [1431 Australian strain), Cirros sinensis and (Cirrus sinensis x P. Recent Advances in Aurantioideae Taxonomy tri/oUata) were used as Australian standard rootstocks for KruegerRR comparisoD purposes. The trial was established in October USDA-ARS National Clonai Gennplasm Repository for 1999 to evaluate the horticultural perfonnance of new Citrus & Dates, 1060 Martin Luther King Blvd, Riverside, rootstocks grafted from single-node cuttings to Navelina Califomia 92501 USA. [email protected] oranges. Five years of data (2002-2007) were collected on More than 60 years have passed since Swingle (1943) tree growth, fruit yie1d and quality to identify superior reviewed Aurantioideae taxonomy and more than 40 sinee rootstocks for the next phase of semi commercial plantings. the minor revision of Swingle and Reece (1967). In this Chinese Poncirus tri/olita types, Donghai and Houpi time period, various genera within the Aurantioideae have produced higher yield efficiencies of 2.8 and 2.9 kg.cm2 been revised or new species publisbed. Revised genera respectively at this site and both rootstocks had smaller include Clymenia, Poncirus, Luvugna, Wenzelia, truck circumference of 20 and 22 cm respectively. While Monanthocitrus, Oxanthera, Clausena, and Murraya. ln one of the erythrosa types, Anjiang HODgju also showed sorne cases, it has been proposed to split genera and.in promise in terms of yield, quality and fruit size. Data on others to consolidate genera. New species have been tree growth, fruit quality and fruit size distribution are described and published within specific genera. This paper presented for ail the otber rootstocks.
    [Show full text]
  • Freeze Response of Citrus and Citrus- Speeds (Nisbitt Et Al., 2000)
    HORTSCIENCE 49(8):1010–1016. 2014. and tree and grove size (Bourgeois et al., 1990; Ebel et al., 2005). Protection using microsprinklers is compromised by high wind Freeze Response of Citrus and Citrus- speeds (Nisbitt et al., 2000). Developing more cold-tolerant citrus varieties through breeding related Genotypes in a Florida Field and selection has long been considered the most effective long-term solution (Grosser Planting et al., 2000; Yelenosky, 1985). Citrus and Citrus relatives are members Sharon Inch, Ed Stover1, and Randall Driggers of the family Rutaceae. The subtribe Citrinae U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, is composed of Citrus (mandarins, oranges, Agricultural Research Service, 2001 South Rock Road, Fort Pierce, FL pummelos, grapefruits, papedas, limes, lem- ons, citrons, and sour oranges); Poncirus 34945 (deciduous trifoliate oranges); Fortunella Richard F. Lee (kumquats); Microcitrus and Eremocitrus (both Australian natives); and Clymenia National Clonal Germplasm Repository for Citrus and Dates, U.S. (Penjor et al., 2013). There is considerable Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 1060 Martin morphological and ecological variation within Luther King Boulevard, Riverside, CA 92521 this group. With Citrus, cold-hardiness ranges from cold-tolerant to cold-sensitive (Soost and Additional index words. Aurantioideae, citrus breeding, cold-sensitive, defoliation, dieback, Roose, 1996). Poncirus and Fortunella are frost damage, Rutaceae, Toddalioideae considered the most cold-tolerant genera that Abstract. A test population consisting of progenies of 92 seed-source genotypes (hereafter are cross-compatible with Citrus. Poncirus called ‘‘parent genotypes’’) of Citrus and Citrus relatives in the field in east–central trifoliata reportedly can withstand tempera- Florida was assessed after natural freeze events in the winters of 2010 and 2011.
    [Show full text]
  • The Remote Citroid Fruit Tree Glycosmis Pentaphylla Is a Host of Citrus Leprosis Virus C and Exhibits Novel Leprosis Symptoms Fi
    031_TESTI_DN_499 25-06-2009 12:55 Pagina 499 Journal of Plant Pathology (2009), 91 (2), 499-505 Edizioni ETS Pisa, 2009 499 DISEASE NOTE DISEASE NOTE THE REMOTE CITROID FRUIT TREE FIRST REPORT OF PHOMOPSIS GLYCOSMIS PENTAPHYLLA IS A HOST ACTINIDIAE CAUSING CANKERS ON OF CITRUS LEPROSIS VIRUS C AND SHOOTS OF KIWIFRUIT IN GREECE EXHIBITS NOVEL LEPROSIS SYMPTOMS T. Thomidis J. Freitas-Astúa1,2, A.L. Fadel2, R. Antonioli-Luizon2, M. Bas- tianel2, V.M. Novelli2, E.W. Kitajima3 and M.A. Machado2 Alexander Technological Education Institute of Thessaloniki, School of Agricultural Technology, Department 1Embrapa Cassava and Tropical Fruits, s/n, Cruz das Almas, BA, of Crop Production, 57400 Sindos, Thessaloniki, Greece Brazil, 44380-000 2Centro APTA Citros Sylvio Moreira-IAC, CP 4, Cordeirópolis, SP, In June and through summer 2007, wilted and blighted Brazil,13490-970 shoots with distinct dark cankers were observed on ki- 3Departamento de Entomologia, Fitopatologia e Zoologia Agrícola, wifruit plants of cvs Hayward and Tsechelidis in the ESALQ, CP9, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil, 13418-900 province of Imathia (Greece). Isolations made on acidified potato dextrose agar yielded a fungus which was identified Citrus leprosis virus C (CiLV-C), the causal agent of as Phomopsis actinidiae (Henn.) Died. on the basis of mor- one of the main virus disease of citrus in Brazil, is consid- phological and sporulation characters. Circular chalk ered to have a narrow host range. However, recent studies white-colored aerial mycelial mats developed in culture af- ter incubation at 25°C for 7 days. After additional 3-4 have shown that some weeds, hedgerow and windbreak weeks, black, spherical or bluntly conical pycnidia 230-500 plants can host CiLV-C, thus may play a role in the epi- µm in size bearing a- and b-conidia were formed all over demiology of the disease (Bastianel et al., 2006).
    [Show full text]