DOCSLIB.ORG

The Journal of Organic Chemistry 1976 Volume.41 No.13

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Journal of Organic Chemistry 1976 Volume.41 No.13 VOLUME 41 JUNE 25, 1 976 NUMBER 13 J OCE A h THE JOURNAL OF Organic Chemistry ch e m /c . PUBLISHED BIWEEKLY BY THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY t h e j o u r n a l o f Organic Chemistry EDITOR-IN-CHIEF: FREDERICK D. GREENE Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 SENIOR EDITORS Werner Herz James A. Moore Martin A. Schwartz Florida State University University of Delaware Florida State University Tallahassee, Florida Newark, Delaware Tallahassee, Florida ASSISTANT EDITOR: Theodora W. Greene ADVISORY BOARD Robert A. Benkeser Neville Finch William M. Jones Albert I. Meyers Henry Rapoport John I. Brauman Paul G. Gassman Jay K. Kochi John G. Moffatt William Sheppard Orville L. Chapman Ralph Hirschmann James A. Marshall Roy A. Olofson Robert V. Stevens Stanton Ehrenson Donald M. Jerina James C. Martin Leo A. Paquette Barry M. Trost David A. Evans Carl R. Johnson Marvin L. Poutsma Nicholas J. Turro EX-OFFICIO MEMBERS: George H. Coleman, Sanihel Island, Florida Edward M. Burgess, Georgia Institute of Technology (Secretary-Treasurer of the Dioision of Organic Chemistry of the American Chemical S(tciety) Published by the Editorial Department at the ACS Easton North America, more than 90 days beyond AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY address. issue date, (b) all other foreign, more than Page charges o f $70.00 per page are as­ one year beyond issue date; or if the reason BOOKS AND JOURNALS DIVISION sessed for papers published in this journal. given is “missing from files”. Hard copy Ability to pay does not affect acceptance or claims are handled at the ACS Columbus D. H. Michael Bowen, Director scheduling of papers. address. Bulk reprints or photocopies of indi­ Microfiche subscriptions are available Editorial.Department: Charles R. Bertsch, vidual articles are available. For informa­ at the same rates but are mailed first class Head; Marianne C. Brogan, Associate tion write to Business Operations, Books to U.S. subscribers, air mail to the rest of Head; Eileen B. Segal, Production Ed­ and Journals Division, at the ACS Wash­ the world. Direct all inquiries to Business itor; Fern S. Jackson, Assistant Editor; ington address. Requests for permission to Operations, Books and Journals Division, Andrew J. D’Amelio, Editorial Assis­ reprint should be directed to Permissions, at the ACS Washington address or call tant. Books and Journals Division, at the ACS (202)872-4444. Graphics and Production Department: Washington address. Single issues in hard copy and/or micro­ Bacil Guiley, Head The American Chemical Society and its fiche are available from Special Issues Research and Development Department: Editors assume no responsibility for the Sales at the ACS Washington address. Cur­ Seldon W. Terrant. Head statements and opinions advanced by con­ rent year $5.00. Back issue rates available tributors. from Special Issues Sales. Back volumes Advertising Office: Centcom, Ltd.. 50 W. are available in hard copy and/or micro­ State St.. Westport, Conn. 06880. Subscription and Business Information form. Write to Special Issues Sales at the 1976 subscription rates— including sur­ ACS Washington address for further infor­ face postage: mation. M icrofilm editions of ACS period­ Do- Canada, ical publications are available from volume © Copyright, 1976, by the American mestic PUAS Foreign 1 to the present. For further information, Chemical Society. No part of this publica­ contact Special Issues Sales at the ACS Member $26.00 $33.25 $34.25 tion may be reproduced in any form with­ Washington address. Nonmember 104.00 111.25 112.25 out permission in writing from the Ameri­ Supplementary material must be or­ Supplementary 15.00 19.00 20.00 can Chemical Society. dered directly from Business Operations, materia] Published biweekly by the American Books and Journals Division, at the ACS Chemical Society at 20th and Northamp­ Air mail and Air freight rates are Washington address. Orders over 20 pages ton Sts., Easton, Pa. 18042. Second class available from Membership & Subscription PUAS, Other postage paid at Washington, D.C., and at Services, at the ACS Columbus address. U.S. Canada Foreign additional mailing offices. New and renewal subscriptions should be sent with payment to the Office Microfiche $2.50 $3.00 $3.50 Editorial Information of the Controller at the ACS Washington Photocopy Instructions for authors are printed in address. Changes of address must include 1-7 pages 4.00 5.50 7.00 the first issue of each volume. Please con­ both old and new addresses with ZIP code 8-20 pages 5.00 6.50 8.00 form to these instructions when submitting and a recent mailing label. Send all address are available only on microfiche, 4 X 6 in. manuscripts. changes to the ACS Columbus address. 24X, negative, silver halide. Orders must Manuscripts for publication should be Please allow 6 weeks for change to become state photocopy or microfiche if both are submitted to the Editor, Frederick D. effective. Claims for missing numbers will available. Full bibliographic citation in­ Greene, at his Cambridge, Mass., address. not be allowed if loss was due to failure of cluding names of all authors and prepay­ Correspondence regarding accepted pa­ notice of change of address to be received ment are required. Prices are subject to pers and proofs should be directed to the in the time specified: 'f claim is-dsted, (a) change. Membership. & Subscription Services Editorial Department American Chemical Societv American.Ciiemical Society American Chemical Society 1155 16th St., N.W. P.O. Box 333? ' V : 20th and Northampton Sts. Washington, D.C. 20036 Colon,bus. Ohio 43210 . Easton, Pa. 18042 (202) 872-4600 ;e ii) 121-7230 (215)258-9111 N otice Authors last printed in the issue of January 9, 1976 JOCEAh 41(13) 2231-2354 (1976) ISSN 0022-3263 THE JOURNAL OF Organic Chemistry V o l u m e 4 1 , N u m b e r 13 J u n e 25,1976 Tadashi Sasaki,* Ken Kanematsu, 2231 Facile Seletal Rearrangement by Reaction of Polycyclic Olefins with Akihiro Kondo, and Kyoji Okada Lead(IV) and Thallium(III) Salts Philip E. Eaton,* Claudio Giordano, 2236 Annulated Cyclopentadienone Ketals. A Route to 1,2-Bridged and Ulrich Vogel Norbornenes Philip E. Eaton,* Claudio Giordano, 2238 cis,syn,cis-Tricyclo[6.3.0.03’7]undecane Ketones George Schloemer, and Ulrich Vogel Richard C. Larock 2241 Mercury in Organic Chemistry. 7. A Convenient Synthesis of Symmetrical Conjugated Dienes and Polyenes Brian F. Hegarty and 2247 Mercuration of Naphthalene— Salient Features William Kitching* Roger L. Clough, Pierre Mison, and 2252 Coupling of Nonequivalent Aromatic Rings by Soluble Nickel John D. Roberts* Catalysts. A General Route to the 1,8-Diarylnaphthalenes Thomas S. Croft* and John J. McBrady 2256 Reduction of Perfluoroacyl Halides with Organosilicon Hydrides. A Direct Synthesis of Fluorine Containing Esters and Lactones R. Weiss,* H. Kölbl, and C. Schlierf 2258 Controlled Substituent Exchange in Cyclopropenium Ions. Role of Counterion in Friedel-Crafts Reactions of the Trichlorocyclopropenium Ion Douglas E. Applequist* and 2262 Substituent Effects in the Homolytic Brominolysis of Substituted Lee F. McKenzie Phenylcyclopropanes Edwin D. Stevens,* James D. Kramer, 2266 X-Ray Crystal Structure Analysis of Triquinacene at 90 K and Leo A. Paquette ■ Masafumi Yoshimoto and 2269 Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships of D- and Corwin Hansch* L-N-Acyl-a-aminoamide Ligands Binding to Chymotrypsin. On the Problem of Combined Treatment of Stereoisomers Alfred Hassner* and James E. Galle 2273 Ring Opening of Aziridine Phosphonates. Correlation of Structure, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectra, and Reactivity S. Kukolja,* M. R. Gleissner, 2276 Synthesis of 3-Hydroxy-, 3-Chloro-, and 3-Methoxy-3-cephems from A. I. Ellis, D. E. Dorman, and Penicillins via 4-Dithio-2-azetidinone Intermediates J. W. Paschal Nobuyuki Ishibe* and Makoto Tamura 2279 Photochemical Reaction of 4-Diphenylmethylene-4H-thiopyrans Stephen R. Byrn,* 2283 Comparison of the Solid and Solution Conformations of Methapyriline, Constance Wier Gräber, and ■ Tripelennamine, Diphenhydramine, Histamine, and Choline. The Sharon L. Midland Infrared-X-Ray Method for Determination of Solution Conformations Yves Letourneux, Güniz Büjüktür, 2288 20-Methylcholesterol Maria T. Ryzlak, Ajit K. Benerjee, and Marcel Gut* Bhaskar R. Samant and 2292 Synthesis and Cyclization of 21-Hydroxyethylthioprogesterone Frederick Sweet* Derivatives William W. Lee,* Abelardo P. Martinez, 2296 Daunomycinone Analogues via the Diels-Alder Reaction. Synthesis Thomas H. Smith, and David W. Henry and Chemistry of Some 6,ll-Dihydroxy-5,12-naphthacenediones Sidney M. Hecht,* Benjamin L. Adams, 2303 Chemical Transformations of 7,9-Disubstituted Purines and Related and John W. Kozarich Hetercycles. Selective Reduction of Imines and Immonium Salts Jack E. Baldwin,* 2312 A Convenient Route to the Dihydroxyacetone Substituent O. William Lever, Jr., and Nathan R. Tzodikov B. Lee,* P. R. Story, and 2314 Macrocycles. Synthesis and Thermal Decomposition of J. R. Sanderson 3-Benzosuberone Diperoxide- 1 A * 9 «K1! 1)^1 rf4 ~ ' 2A J. Org. Chem., Voi. 41, No. 13,1976 Crown ethers, by virtue of NEWtheir unique ability CROWN to complex alkali metal cations, ETHERS have attained a place of /p-ominence LOWER in organic, inorganic PRICES and physical chemistry. They act as phase transfer catalysts transferring solid ionic reagents directly into organic solvents such as benzene or acetonitrile without the presence of water. Crown ethers have also proven useful in the selective extraction of certain ions from mixtures. They tend to be selective towards cations with radii near the size of the crown cavity. Polymers of dibenzo-crowns bind to cations more strongly than the free crowns. They have been used as column packings for the separation of alkali metal cations. We believe that they might also be used successfully to generate neuseable phase transfer catalyst beds. In addition to the new crowns we have also added some exotic mono- and di- methyl ethers of glycols.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Electroanalytical Chemistry of Some Organometallic Compounds of Tin, Lead and Germanium
    ELECTROANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY OF SOME ORGANOMETALLIC COMPOUNDS OF TIN, LEAD AND GERMANIUM by Nani Bhushan Fouzder M.Sc. (Rajshahi) A Thesis Submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy of the University of London. Chemistry Department, Imperial College of Science and Technology, London S.W.7. September, 1975. 11 ABSTRACT. The present thesis concerns the investigation into the electrochemical behaviour of some industrially important organometallic compounds of tin, lead and germanium and development of suitable electrochemical methods for the analysis of these compounds at formula- tion and at trace level. The basic principles of the electrochemical techniques used inthis investigation have been given in the first part of the 'Introduction', while the various factors which control the electrode process have been discussed in the second part of the 'Introduction' in chapter 1. The electrochemical behaviour and analytical determination of some important organotin fungicides and pesticides such as tri-n-butyltin oxide, triphenyl- tin acetate, etc., some antihelminthic compounds such as dibutyltin dilaureate and dibutyltin dimaleate and some widely used PVC-stabilizers such as di-n-Octyltin dithioglycollic acid ester (Irgastab 17 MOK), Irgastab 17M and Irgastab 15 MOR have been described in the following three chapters. For each type of compound a detailed mechanism of the electrochemical process has been proposed and established. The electrochemical behaviour of organolead compounds and of the organogermanium compounds have been described in the next three chapters. In each case, the mechanism of reduction of these compounds has been established and methods 9fc their determina- tion at ordinary and at trace level have been developed. Finally, in the eighth chapter a brief intro- duction into the highspeed liquid chromatographic technique has been given and analysis of organotin compounds by this method using a wall-jet electrode detector has been described.
    [Show full text]
  • Toxicological Profile for Lead
    LEAD 355 CHAPTER 5. POTENTIAL FOR HUMAN EXPOSURE 5.1 OVERVIEW Pb and Pb compounds have been identified in at least 1,287 and 46 sites, respectively, of the 1,867 hazardous waste sites that have been proposed for inclusion on the EPA National Priorities List (NPL) (ATSDR 2019). However, the number of sites evaluated for Pb is not known. The number of sites in each state is shown in Figures 5-1 and 5-2, respectively. Of these 1,287 sites for Pb, 1,273 are located within the United States, 2 are located in the Virgin Islands, 2 are located in Guam, and 10 are located in Puerto Rico (not shown). All the sites for Pb compounds are only in the United States. Figure 5-1. Number of NPL Sites with Lead Contamination LEAD 356 5. POTENTIAL FOR HUMAN EXPOSURE Figure 5-2. Number of NPL Sites with Lead Compound Contamination • Pb is an element found in concentrated and easily accessible Pb ore deposits that are widely distributed throughout the world. • The general population may be exposed to Pb in ambient air, foods, drinking water, soil, and dust. For adults, exposure to levels of Pb beyond background are usually associated with occupational exposures. • For children, exposure to high levels of Pb are associated with living in areas contaminated by Pb (e.g., soil or indoor dust in older homes with Pb paint). Exposure usually occurs by hand-to- mouth activities. • As an element, Pb does not degrade. However, particulate matter contaminated with Pb can move through air, water, and soil.
    [Show full text]
  • United States Patent 0 ’ CC Patented Nov
    2,859,225 United States Patent 0 ’ CC Patented Nov. 4, 1958 1 2 conversion of lead to tetraethyllead above that obtained in present commercial practice without requiring the use‘ 2,159,225 of metallic sodium, metallic lead, alkyl halogen com6 MANUFACTURE or ORGANOLEAD COMPOUNDS pounds, or lead halides. These and other objects of this invention are accom Sidney M. Blitzer and Tillmon H. Pearson, Baton Rouge, plished by reacting a lead chalko'gen, i. e., lead oxide or La., asignors to Ethyl Corporation, New York, N. Y., sul?de, with a non-lead metalloorganic compound of suf a corporation of Delaware ?cient stability under reaction conditions, where the organo portion is a hydrocarbon radical and wherein the No Drawing. Application March 25 1955 10 Serial No. 496,919 ’ metallo element is directly attached to carbon and may additionally be attached to another metallic element. In 13 Claims. (Cl. 260—437) certain embodiments of this invention it is preferred to employ a catalyst. The so-called metalloid elements are not contemplated as they do not form true metalloorganic This invention relates to a process for the manufacture compounds. Thus, this invention comprises the metatheti of organolead compounds. In particular, this invention is cal reaction between lead chalkogen and a non-lead metal directed to a novel process for the manufacture of tetra loorganic compound. 7 ethyllead from lead oxides and sul?des. In general, the metalloorganic reactants of the present The process employed in present commercial practice invention have the general formula M‘R, or M’MIR," for the manufacture of tetraethyllead has been in use for where M1 and M2 are true metals other than lead, R is a number of years and, in general, is satisfactory.
    [Show full text]
  • Genesis and Evolution in the Chemistry of Organogermanium, Organotin and Organolead Compounds
    CHAPTER 1 Genesis and evolution in the chemistry of organogermanium, organotin and organolead compounds MIKHAIL G. VORONKOV and KLAVDIYA A. ABZAEVA A. E. Favorsky Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Favorsky Str., 664033 Irkutsk, Russia e-mail: [email protected] The task of science is to induce the future from the past Heinrich Herz I. INTRODUCTION ..................................... 2 II. ORGANOGERMANIUM COMPOUNDS ...................... 5 A. Re-flowering after Half a Century of Oblivion ................. 5 B. Organometallic Approaches to a CGe and GeGe Bond ......... 6 C. Nonorganometallic Approaches to a CGe Bond ............... 11 D. CGe Bond Cleavage. Organylhalogermanes ................. 13 E. Compounds having a GeH Bond ........................ 14 F. Organogermanium Chalcogen Derivatives .................... 17 G. Organogermanium Pnicogen Derivatives ..................... 26 H. Compounds having a Hypovalent and Hypervalent Germanium Atom .................................... 29 I. Biological Activity ................................... 32 III. ORGANOTIN COMPOUNDS ............................. 33 A. How it All Began ................................... 33 B. Direct Synthesis ..................................... 36 C. Organometallic Synthesis from Inorganic and Organic Tin Halides ... 39 D. Organotin Hydrides .................................. 41 E. Organylhalostannanes. The CSn Bond Cleavage .............. 43 The chemistry of organic germanium, tin and lead compounds —Vol.2 Edited by
    [Show full text]
  • Transfer Report
    LOW AND ZERO SAPS ANTIWEAR ADDITIVES FOR ENGINE OILS by Juliane F. L. Benedet A Thesis submitted to Imperial College London in fulfilment of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and the Diploma of Imperial College. November 2012 Tribology Section Department of Mechanical Engineering Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine London PREFACE This thesis is a description of work carried out in the Tribology Section of the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, under the supervision of Professor Hugh A. Spikes. Except where acknowledged, this material is original work and no part of it has been submitted for a degree at this or any other university. ABSTRACT Almost all modern engine lubricants use the additive zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP) to provide antiwear and extreme pressure protection. However existing and proposed emissions regulations include constraints in the concentration of ZDDP or other sulphated ash-, phosphorus- and sulphur- (SAPS) containing additives in engine oils, as well as limits to the permissible phosphorus loss from the oil in running engines. The deleterious effects of SAPS on exhaust aftertreatment systems from ZDDP decomposition has lead to a great interest in identifying alternative low and zero SAPS antiwear additives that can partially of fully replace ZDDP in the next generation of engine oils to extend the life of exhaust after-treatment systems. The aim of the work described in this thesis is to explore under the same test conditions, the film-forming, friction and wear-reducing properties of a very wide range of low and zero SAPS antiwear additives as possible replacements for ZDDP in engine oils, and, where additive types are effective, to investigate their mechanism of action.
    [Show full text]
  • United States Patent Office Patented Nov
    2,859,228 United States Patent Office Patented Nov. 4, 1958 2 plished by reacting a lead halide wherein the halide has an atomic weight greater than 35, that is the chlorides, 2,859,228 bromides, and iodides of lead, and mixed lead halides, with an organo metallic compound of group III A of the MANUEFACTURE OF ORGANOLEAD COMPOUNDS 5 periodic table, that is boron, aluminum gallium, and in Sidney M. Blitzer and Tillmon H. Pearson, Baton Rouge, dium, wherein the group II. A metal is the sole metal La., assignors to Ethyl Corporation, New York, N.Y., in the metallo organic compound. a corporation of Delaware In accordance with this invention, it has been dis covered that to produce organolead compounds it is un No Drawing. Application March 28, 1955 O necessary, to start with a lead alloy, or in fact to em. Seria No. 497,378 ploy metallic lead at all. Among the lead halides that 7 Claims. C.260-437) can be employed in the process of this invention are lead chloride, lead bromide, leadiodide, lead bromoiodide, lead chloroiodide, and lead chlorobromide. This invention relates to a process for the manufacture 5 The process of the present invention can best be under of organolead compounds. In particular, this invention stood by considering the: chemical equation involved. In is directed to an improved process for the manufacture general, the process proceeds according to the equation of tetraethyllead. The process employed in present commercial practice for the manufacture of tetraethylead has been in use for where R is an organic radical and X is halogen having a number of years and, in general, is satisfactory.
    [Show full text]
  • "Front Matter and Index". In: Analytical Atomic Spectrometry with Flames and Plasmas
    Analytical Atomic Spectrometry with Flames and Plasmas. Jose A. C. Broekaert Copyright > 2002 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA ISBNs: 3-527-30146-1 (Hardback); 3-527-60062-0 (Electronic) Jose A. C. Broekaert Analytical Atomic Spectrometry with Flames and Plasmas Analytical Atomic Spectrometry with Flames and Plasmas. Jose A. C. Broekaert Copyright > 2002 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA ISBNs: 3-527-30146-1 (Hardback); 3-527-60062-0 (Electronic) Analytical Atomic Spectrometry with Flames and Plasmas Valeur, B. Molecular Fluorescence. Principles and Applications 2001. ISBN 3-527-29919-X Gunzler, H. and Williams, A. Handbook of Analytical Techniques 2001. ISBN 3-527-30165-8 Hubschmann, H.-J. Handbook of GC/MS 2001. ISBN 3-527-30170-4 Welz, B. and Sperling, M. Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Third, Completely Revised Edition 1998. ISBN 3-527-28571-7 Analytical Atomic Spectrometry with Flames and Plasmas. Jose A. C. Broekaert Copyright > 2002 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA ISBNs: 3-527-30146-1 (Hardback); 3-527-60062-0 (Electronic) Jose A. C. Broekaert Analytical Atomic Spectrometry with Flames and Plasmas Weinheim ± New York ± Chichester ± Brisbane ± Singapore ± Toronto Analytical Atomic Spectrometry with Flames and Plasmas. Jose A. C. Broekaert Copyright > 2002 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA ISBNs: 3-527-30146-1 (Hardback); 3-527-60062-0 (Electronic) Prof. Dr. Jose A. C. Broekaert Typesetting Asco Typesetters, Hong Kong UniversitaÈt Leipzig Printing betz-druck gmbH, D-64291 Institut fuÈr Analytische Chemie Darmstadt LinneÂstraûe 3 Bookbinding Wilhelm Osswald & Co., 67433 04103 Leipzig Neustadt Germany ISBN 3-527-30146-1 9 This book was carefully produced.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 the Metabolism of Triphenyllead
    1 THE METABOLISM OF TRIPHENYLLEAD ACETATE IN THE RAT by Barbara Morris Being a thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the University of London November, 1975 Department of Biochemistry St. Mary's Hospital Medical School London. 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am sincerely grateful to Professor R.T. Williams for his supervision of this project. I particularly wish to thank Dr. Graham Dring for his continued interest and great patience during the period of this research. My thanks must also be extended to my colleagues of the Biochemistry Department for many useful discussions. I am indebted to Mr. F. Audas and his technical staff for their continued help. I wish to give my thanks to the staff of the M.R.C. Cyclotron Unit for the gifts of 203Pb and to Drs. Smith and Barltrop of the Paediatrics Department for their help over the counting of this isotope. I also wish to thank Dr. Drasar of the Bacteriology Department for his help with the bacteriological studies. I am indebted to the Medical Research Council and to Pure Chemicals Ltd. for their supporting grants. Finally I wish to thank my parents and husband for their fin- ancial support during my extended education and my mother and husband for their help with the typing of this thesis. 3 ABSTRACT The metabolic fate of triphenyllead acetate, a potential mollus- cicide, has been studied in the rat. Three isotopically labelled 14 forms of the compound were synthesized namely tri(U- C)phenyllead 203 acetate, tn...( 3- H)phenyllead acetate and triphenyl( Pb)lead acetate.
    [Show full text]
  • Bioremediation of Arsenic, Chromium, Lead, and Mercury
    Bioremediation of Arsenic, Chromium, Lead, and Mercury August 2004 Prepared by Adebowale Adeniji National Network of Environmental Management Studies Fellow for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response Technology Innovation Office Washington, DC www.clu-in.org 1 Bioremediation of Arsenic, Chromium, Lead, and Mercury NOTICE This document was prepared by Adebowale Adeniji, a National Network of Environmental Management studies grantee, under a fellowship from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. This report was not subject to EPA peer review or technical review. The EPA makes no warranties, expressed or implied, including without limitation, warranty for completeness, accuracy, or usefulness of the information, warranties as to the merchantability, or fitness for a particular purpose. Moreover, the listing of any technology, corporation, company, person, or facility in this report does not constitute endorsement, approval, or recommendation by the EPA. This report provides a basic orientation and current status of bioremediation for contaminants located in the subsurface. This report contains information gathered from a range of currently available sources, including project documents, reports, periodicals, Internet searches, and personal communication with involved parties. References for each case study are provided immediately following the case study. All sources are organized in alphabetical order at the end of the document. No attempts were made to independently confirm the resources used. It has been reproduced to help provide federal agencies, states, consulting engineering firms, private industries, and technology developers with information on the current status of this project. This paper addresses the status of the application of biological treatment to clean up hazardous metals from the earth’s subsurface (i.e., in situ bioremediation).
    [Show full text]
  • United States Patent Office
    2,897,071 United States Patent Office Patented July 28, 1959 1 2 ber of operational difficulties, including loss of antiknock effectiveness, carburetion difficulties such as the clogging of jets, filters, screens and the like resulting from the 2,897,071 formation of sludge, gum and other types of sediment, GASOLINE FUELS 5 as well as the above-described effects upon the color of Lewis F. Gilbert, Detroit, Mich., assignor to Ethy Cor the identified antiknock fluids. poration, New York, N.Y., a corporation of Delaware The prior art contains many proposals whereby one or more of these difficulties may be obviated, but these have No Drawing. Application June 30, 1953 not proved very satisfactory because of the inherent con Serial No. 365,265 0. plexity of the problem. For example, although many antioxidants have been developed which satisfactorily 4 Claims. C. 44-69) protect oxygen-sensitive fuels, oils and other, inherently unstable organic hydrocarbons against atmospheric de terioration, such antioxidants almost without exception This invention relates to the improvement of organo 5 are unsatisfactory for the protection of organolead.com lead material and in particular to adjuvants for tetra pounds and organolead-containing compositions. ethyllead and tetraethylead-containing compositions. When organolead-containing compositions are utilized Organolead compounds have long been known as anti in internal combustion engines other difficulties are fre knock agents for fuel adapted for use in spark ignition quently encountered. As indicated previously, antiknock type internal combustion engines. Thus, it has been pro 20 fluids are provided with corrective agents or scavengers posed in the prior art to use lead aryls such as tetra so as to effectively reduce the amount of metallic de phenylead and lead alkyls such as tetramethyl posits in the engine by forming volatile metallic com lead, tetraethylead, tetrapropyllead, dimethyldiethyl pounds which emanate from the engine in the exhaust lead, and the like as antiknock agents.
    [Show full text]
  • The Effect of Organometallic and Quaternary Ammonium Compounds on the Growth of Microorganisms Lowell Lawrence Wallen Iowa State College
    Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 1954 The effect of organometallic and quaternary ammonium compounds on the growth of microorganisms Lowell Lawrence Wallen Iowa State College Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Biochemistry Commons Recommended Citation Wallen, Lowell Lawrence, "The effect of organometallic and quaternary ammonium compounds on the growth of microorganisms " (1954). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 14151. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/14151 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overiaps.
    [Show full text]
  • Organolead Compounds Edmund B
    Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 1932 Organolead compounds Edmund B. Towne Iowa State College Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Organic Chemistry Commons Recommended Citation Towne, Edmund B., "Organolead compounds" (1932). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 14733. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/14733 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. BY Signature was redacted for privacy. Signature was redacted for privacy. Signature was redacted for privacy. UMI Number: DP14602 INFORMATION TO USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleed-through, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. UMI UMI Microform DP14602 Copyright 2006 by ProQuest Information and Learning Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest Information and Learning Company 300 North Zeeb Road P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 Q^XJH i'A,, r ^ T" 6:= & o ACniO??13DC3£S!l1' Th® writer -wislieB to ©xpross hia appreeiatloa to Doe tor Henry G'ilmaii irliose InTalaable advice aad, encouragement haTe ' made tliis work possible.
    [Show full text]