Relict plant survey

Reliktväxter - en undersökning om kunskapsläget i Norden = Relict plants - a survey on the state of knowledge in the Nordic region Relict plant survey

“Do you know of any locality for relict plants in the Nordic region?” + “Do you know if the relict plants at this locality have some kind of protection?” Relict plant survey

“Do you know of any locality for relict plants in the Nordic region?” “Do you know if the relict plants at this locality have some kind of protection?” •Ulvåsa

•Old fortresses in south east finland Don’t know

•Backafallen onVen (Viola odorata )

•Medieval cloister grounds on iceland

•Hammershus

•Svartsjö castle park Cultural heritage listing

•Ekolsund castle Cultural heritage listing Relict plant survey

“Do you know of any locality for relict plants in the Nordic region?” “Do you know if the relict plants at this locality have some kind of protection?” •Stenhammars slott Cultural heritage listing

•Källslätten and Stora Hyttnäs outside Falun

•Nydala

•Alvastra cloister

•Possibly in Tycho’s garden on Ven

•Inula helenium in the moat of Landskrona citadell

•Excavated seeds at Varnhem cloister Relict plant survey

“Do you know of any locality for relict plants in the Nordic region?” “Do you know if the relict plants at this locality have some kind of protection?” •Feral garden plants on a lime-rich dry meadow at a summer cottage at Billingen

•Latyrus at Höjentorp

•Lilium dalhansonii at Kinnekulle

•Medieval cloisters in Norway Probably not

•A lot! More than 130 localities inventoried on Bornholm, about 900 still lacking Management plans for Hammershus, Ertholmene and St Ols church. Some voluntary agreements with land owners. Relict plant survey

“Do you know of any locality for relict plants in the Nordic region?” “Do you know if the relict plants at this locality have some kind of protection?” •1000s Many can be found in “Artportalen” Very few are protected

•Most old gardens contain some relict plants If the garden is protected by “Plan och bygglagen ” or “ kulturminneslagen ” and the regulations explicitly mention the plant and gives directions for it shall be treated. Inventories are, however, rarely made before the regulations are decided.

•Humulus lupulus at several localities in northern Uppland No protection

•Several older and abandoned garden centres in Stockholms län No protection Relict plant survey

“Do you know of any locality for relict plants in the Nordic region?” “Do you know if the relict plants at this locality have some kind of protection?” •Hayfields and meadows in Skåne Monitored by the Swedish Environmental protection Agency

•1000s across Denmark E.g. Castles, castle ruins, mansions, cloisters, market places, fishing villages etc. Normally no protection. Lack of awareness is a big problem

•Several places on Bornholm No formal protection but some informal protection by Tino

•All gardens where we know something about their history

•Old gardens (often on former cloister properties) in Asker Relict plant survey

“Do you know of any locality for relict plants in the Nordic region?” “Do you know if the relict plants at this locality have some kind of protection?” •Rosmarinus officinalis at Domkirkeodden , Hamar The Rosemary is taken care of

•Aristolochia clematitis at the Larvik mansion

•Scopolia carniolica at several places at Romerike

•Valby outdoor museum in Västerås

•An old garden in Tammerfors The owner knows about the value of the old plants

•Linnés Hammarby Cultural heritage listing

•Several on Bornholm No protection Relict plant survey

“Do you know the name of any individual or authority with responsibility for inventory or protection of relict plants?” Relict plant survey

“Do you know the name of any individual or authority with responsibility for inventory or protection of relict plants?”

•CBM, NordGen, Sesam

•No real authority but some organisation that is active in the field E.g. Varsinais-Suomen

•NordGen

•Per Arvid Åsen//Norway

•POM, county administration boards

•The medical history museum of Iceland

•POM, NordGen Relict plant survey

“Do you know the name of any individual or authority with responsibility for inventory or protection of relict plants?”

•Artdatabanken (wild plants), POM (cultivated plants)

•POM

•E-A Larsson Göteborg botanical garden, POM

•DAUM, DAG, DAL, the Nordic museum archive, Folklivsarkivet in Lund, Forum för trädgårdshistorisk forskning

•Bernt Løjtnant, Naturstyrelsen Bornholm (Hammershus), Morten Bach Jørgensen (Bornholms Regionskomune),

•No one in Denmark though Bernt Løjtnant and the Danish Agriculture Museum Gammel Estrup have made inventories Relict plant survey

“Do you know the name of any individual or authority with responsibility for inventory or protection of relict plants?”

•POM, SLU

•Per Arvid Åsen in Kristiansand, Dagfinn Moe in Bergen

•POM and Riksantikvarieämbetet (RAÄ) RAÄ is responsible for plants in historically valuable gardens but they have shown very little interest so far.

•POM, outdoor museums

•The environmental protection agency, SLU-Alnarp

•The flora inventories have registered plants without noting if they are relict plants but it should be possible to extract information from the inventories anyway. Relict plant survey

“Do you know the name of any individual or authority with responsibility for inventory or protection of relict plants?”

•Bernt Løjtnant, some less successful attempts by Danish museums to collect garden plants.

•POM

•Tino Hjort Bjerregaard

•POM

•Åsmund Asdal, Genressursutvalget for kulturplanter

•POM have made several inventories, Else-Marie Streses collection of Humulus lupulus.

•POM, NordGen Relict plant survey

“Do you know the name of any individual or authority with responsibility for inventory or protection of relict plants?”

•Bernt Løjtnant, some less successful attempts by Danish museums to collect garden plants.

•Regional botanical societies have made inventories and ”Floraväktare” monitor redlisted species.

•Katarina Frost & maria Löfgren Vallby friluftsmuseum Västerås

•POM

•POM

•Tino Hjort Bjerregaard Relict plant survey

“Do you know about any attempt to restore cloister gardens, old gardens etc.?” + “in that case do you know which principles have been used?” + “Do you know where the plant materials come from?” Relict plant survey

“Do you know about any attempt to restore cloister gardens, old gardens etc.?” “in that case do you know which principles have been used?” “Do you know where the plant materials come from?”

•Tycho Brahes garden on Ven Attempt to find the oldest exemplars of the species used at the reconstruction Collection sites among others

•Alvastra, Gunnebo slott, The colonnades at Drottningholm, Övedskloster, Gröönsö, Sofiero/Fredriksdal, Staberg, Huseby, Karlslunds herrgård, Linnés Hammarby, Råshult among others

•Uraniborg The Florens Charter Relict plant survey

“Do you know about any attempt to restore cloister gardens, old gardens etc.?” “in that case do you know which principles have been used?” “Do you know where the plant materials come from?”

• Uraniborg, Nydala cloister garden At Uraniborg: The plants had to be documented to be in cultivation in Denmark during 1580s and 1590s. At Uraniborg Plants were collected in different places in Denmark and Europe. Relict plants collected on site on Ven were also used. The collection is documented in the book “Tycho Brahe: stjärnornas herre”

•Nydala klosterträdgård

•Hammershus, Ven

•Gamla staberg, Falun Relict plant survey

“Do you know about any attempt to restore cloister gardens, old gardens etc.?” “in that case do you know which principles have been used?” “Do you know where the plant materials come from?”

•Skálholt Mostly for exibition

•Nydala cloister, the Tycho Brahe garden on Ven

•The Linné garden Linneus’ publications and manuscripts Some relict material from the site

•Uranienborg on Ven. Gunnebo castle and gardens, Varnhem cloister garden, Sundsby manor, Åsen village? Meadow orchards in Urshult.

•Tycho’s garden on Ven, Nydala cloister garden, etc. Relict plant survey

“Do you know about any attempt to restore cloister gardens, old gardens etc.?” “in that case do you know which principles have been used?” “Do you know where the plant materials come from?”

•Baroniet Rosendal (good example), Bogstad (bad example), ongoing as Stend at Bergen and Eidsvoll at Oslo A mix. Tries to convey the importance of the Florence convention but that is not always wished for Different sources, though low awareness from the commissioning body

•Gunnebo among others Relict plant survey

“Do you know about any attempt to restore cloister gardens, old gardens etc.?” “in that case do you know which principles have been used?” “Do you know where the plant materials come from?”

•Stadsholmen, Åsögatan 208, Bastugatan 30 B, Mäster Pers gränd 4, The Drottningholm colonnades – all in Stockholm, Husebybruk, Gunnebo Differ from case to case. Use plant material found at the site or in a garden belonging to a neighbour or realtive. To much research is done on this in Sweden. Very few garden centers have old plant material, e.g. Herbert Arvidsson Usually bought from garden centers that carry the same or similar plant.

•Unbelieveable many Differ from case to case Differ from case to case Relict plant survey

“Do you know about any attempt to restore cloister gardens, old gardens etc.?” “in that case do you know which principles have been used?” “Do you know where the plant materials come from?”

•Linnues’ garden, Vadstena clositer garden, Hovdala castle, kulturens Östarp, Tycho’s garden Rothofska colony, Glimmingehus Written sources, pollen analysis, replantations SLU/ Alnarp , Landskrona culture board, Department of geology, Lund University

•Several, e.g. Some cloister gardens Usually from seeds that do not belong in the garden in question. The plants that have been used at Kalundborg have been found living wild on the premises Relict plant survey

“Do you know about any attempt to restore cloister gardens, old gardens etc.?” “in that case do you know which principles have been used?” “Do you know where the plant materials come from?”

•Kvarndala It is very important to use the right plant material in all kinds of gardens. The purpose is to show what a place looked like and you do not do that properly is you use the wrong varieties, away of growth etc. Local, older plant material with a history, material from NordGen

•Landeriträdgården, Göteborg’s botanical garden Free interpretation of a stilistic garden from the second half on the 19 th century. Aim at using authentic plant material. POM, some relict material from the site, some obtained material with known cultural background. Relict plant survey

“Do you know about any attempt to restore cloister gardens, old gardens etc.?” “in that case do you know which principles have been used?” “Do you know where the plant materials come from?”

•Several attempts

•Ystad cloister, Bäckaskogs castle, Hovdala castle, Bosjö cloister

• Several. In particular Bostad mansion in Oslo, Gran and Spydeberg vicarages, Fåbro farm To recreate the gardens as they were in their heydays based on documents, archeological investigations and relict plants found at the site. If this is not available, use plant material and methods from the time in question. Norwegian and foreign garden centers, and collection from other gardens.

•Gunnebo castle Relict plant survey

“Do you know about any attempt to restore cloister gardens, old gardens etc.?” “in that case do you know which principles have been used?” “Do you know where the plant materials come from?”

•Drottningholm, Tycho’s garden

•Drottningholm castle park, Karlberg catle park, Stadsholmens reference gardens,Stockholm, Tullgarn castle park, Nyköpings hus , Krusenstiernska iron core garden, Krapperup castle park, Kvarndala farm,Tycho’s garden, Gamlegård (own by Kulturen). In accordence with a course in garden restauration at SLU/Alnarp

•Valby outdoor museum, Västerås Abandoned homesteads in Västmanland Relict plant survey

“Do you know about any attempt to restore cloister gardens, old gardens etc.?” “in that case do you know which principles have been used?” “Do you know where the plant materials come from?”

•Nydala cloister garden Layout and structure according to a 9 th century physicians herbary in St Gallen. Choice of plant material based on Nordic medieval findings. Plant matrial from Tycho’s garden recreation project, Julita, and mostly from Sedish garden centers.

•Stor-Sarvlak’s mansion, Lovisa and Piper’s Park at Sveaborg The Florence Charter

•Linneus’ garden, The barock garden, Uppsala botanical garden As accurate as possible Own material or other material Relict plant survey

“Do you know about any attempt to restore cloister gardens, old gardens etc.?” “in that case do you know which principles have been used?” “Do you know where the plant materials come from?”

•Skálholt, Nes við Seltjörn

•Hammershus, Christiansö Relict plant survey

“How familiar are you with the Florence Charter?”” Relict plant survey

“How familiar are you with the Florence Charter?”

2.7

N=41 Relict plant survey

“How familiar are you with the Florence Charter?”

The Florence Charter: Guidelines for preservation of historical gardens ICOMOS (International Scientific Committee on Monuments and Sites) 1982