A Estruturação Do Poder Local Em Angola E a Contribuição Do
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Angola Social Protection Public Expenditure Review (PER)
Angola Social Protection Public Expenditure Public Disclosure Authorized Review (PER) Public Disclosure Authorized Main Report June 21, 2018 Public Disclosure Authorized Vice President: Makhtar Diop Country Director: Elisabeth Huybens Practice Manager: Jehan Arulpragasam Task Team Leaders: Andrea Vermehren/Emma Monsalve Montiel Public Disclosure Authorized 0 CONTENTS Acknowledgments .......................................................................................................................................... i Acronyms ...................................................................................................................................................... ii Executive Summary ...................................................................................................................................... v Chapter 1 Country Context ..................................................................................................................... vii Chapter 2: Social protection spending trends and composition ............................................................. xiv Chapter 3: Pensions ................................................................................................................................. xx Chapter 4: Social safety net programs .................................................................................................. xxv Conclusion ........................................................................................................................................... -
2.3 Angola Road Network
2.3 Angola Road Network Distance Matrix Travel Time Matrix Road Security Weighbridges and Axle Load Limits For more information on government contact details, please see the following link: 4.1 Government Contact List. Page 1 Page 2 Distance Matrix Uige – River Nzadi bridge 18 m-long and 4 m-wide near the locality of Kitela, north of Songo municipality destroyed during civil war and currently under rehabilitation (news 7/10/2016). Road Details Luanda The Government/MPLA is committed to build 1,100 km of roads in addition to 2,834 km of roads built in 2016 and planned rehabilitation of 7,083 km of roads in addition to 10,219 km rehabilitated in 2016. The Government goals will have also the support from the credit line of the R. of China which will benefit inter-municipality links in Luanda, Uige, Malanje, Cuanza Norte, Cuanza Sul, Benguela, Huambo and Bié provinces. For more information please vitsit the Website of the Ministry of Construction. Zaire Luvo bridge reopened to trucks as of 15/11/2017, this bridge links the municipality of Mbanza Congo with RDC and was closed for 30 days after rehabilitation. Three of the 60 km between MCongo/Luvo require repairs as of 17/11/2017. For more information please visit the Website of Agencia Angola Press. Works of rehabilitation on the road nr, 120 between Mbanza Congo (province Zaire) and the locality of Lukunga (province of Uige) of a distance of 111 km are 60% completed as of 29/9/2017. For more information please visit the Website of Agencia Angola Press. -
Mapa Rodoviario Benguela
PROVÍNCIAPROVÍNCIAPROVÍNCIAPROVÍNCIAPROVÍNCIA DEDE DO DODO MALANGECABINDA BENGO ZAIREUÍGE REPÚBLICA DE ANGOLA MINISTÉRIO DAS FINANÇAS FUNDO RODOVIÁRIO BENGUELA Eval Loeto Tapado Eval Guerra10 1 7 EC 100-7 12 6 Cinjamba 6 2 15 1 5 6 Caiandula Hangala Nomaca1 8 Bumba Inguelume Santa 8 2 10 Egito Braia 13 Teresa 3 22 Balombo5 6 Canjala Vouga 1 3 Bom Jesus 10 2 1 BALABAIA Luime 15 9 9 Tala 7 Cuula 10 6 CHILA 17 Banja 2 4 Casseque 12 Calul 7 10 25 20 9 16 EN 110 EN 100 10 3 Chicala 17 20 12 Chicuma Balombo Satanda 10 do Egito 20 7 4 15 Cuula1 2 Nunda Moma LOBITO 3 Choundo 14 Brita 5 10 Hanha Cuhula 8 Cangumbi 2 5 2 15 Felino 2 11 EC 367 Fonte do Jomba 3 2 Cubal 17 Cubal CAVIMBE 10 Ussoque 1 4 17 7 Culango Cubal do Lombodo Lumbo 10 Chinjir CHINGONGO 8 9 17 Culai 21 15 Chimbambo 13 2 9 6 Cubal de Quissaine Achuio EN 250 Cota LOBITO 8 7 13 18 3 21 MONTE 3 18 1 7 12 7 CANATA 11 1 BOCOIO 12 Bussa 8 Londengo BELO Amera Caluita BALOMBO 8 18 10 Lamalo 4 8 Cúmia 2 5 9 Chifena 10 7 CATUMBELA Balombo Caala Balombo 4 Aldeia do EN 250 Uequia BOCOIO 10 11 Luango 10 3 13 2 Biopio 20 Cubal15 do CamoneNunce BALOMBO 4 Lussinga 7 8 11 Lomete EN 100 Barragem Crabeiro Lopes8 6 Cateque 4 10 Humbondo Lucunga 22 Damba Maria 6 Saleiro 9 13 Temba 8 EC 356 CATUMBELA 7 16 Mabubo 4 Upano 7 2 Tola Cavicha BENGUELA 6 11 10 PASSE 5 5 Chimuco 7 Chiculo Cagendente 4 2 4 10 Caota 5 16 10 EC 355 Cuvomba 3 7 11 6 5 1 16 Vicua BAIA FARTA 5 EC 250-1 10 CuchiEN 110 16 1 Baia Azul NavegantesCavaco10 12 2 Capilongo EC 356-1 4 4 6 3 Chivanda 1 7 2 7 7 5 9 5 6 12 Cutembo ENDungo 100-2 -
The Expansion of Slavery in Benguela During the Nineteenth Century
IRSH (), pp. – doi:./S © Internationaal Instituut voor Sociale Geschiedenis The Expansion of Slavery in Benguela During the Nineteenth Century M ARIANA P. CANDIDO Department of History, University of Notre Dame O’Shaughnessy, Notre Dame, IN USA E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT: This article explores the nature and expansion of slavery in Benguela, in West Central Africa, during the nineteenth century, engaging with the scholarship on second slavery. Robert Palmer, Eric Hobsbawm, and Janet Polasky have framed the nineteenth century as the age of contagious liberty, yet, in Benguela, and elsewhere along the African coast, the institution of slavery expanded, in part to attend to the European and North American demand for natural resources. In the wake of the end of the slave trade, plantation slavery spread along the African coast to supply the grow- ing demand in Europe and North America for cotton, sugar, and natural resources such as wax, ivory, rubber, and gum copal. In Portuguese territories in West Central Africa, slavery remained alive until , when enslaved people were put into systems of apprenticeship very similar to labor regimes elsewhere in the Atlantic world. For the thousands of people who remained in captivity in Benguela, the nineteenth century continued to be a moment of oppression, forced labor, and extreme violence, not an age of abolition. After the abolition of slave exports, local merchants and recently arrived immi- grants from Portugal and Brazil set up plantations around Benguela making extensive use of unfree labor. In this article, I examine how abolition, colonialism, and economic exploitation were part of the same process in Benguela, which resulted in new zones of slavery responding to industrialization and market competition. -
Angolan Transport Infrastructures
Angolan Transport Infrastructures (Re)Building for the Future Research December 2020 Infrastructure follows pattern of population and natural resources Angola’s population of around 31 million is unequally distributed across the country. Transport Infrastructures The most densely populated areas are around the capital (Luanda) and a few other Tiago Bossa Dionísio major cities (Cabinda, Benguela, Lubango and Huambo). Overall, the coast and the (+351) 964 643 530 southern and eastern parts of the country are less populated than the interior [email protected] highlands. The distribution of the Angolan population results, for the most part, from the devastating impact of the long-lasting civil war period (1975-2002). However, it is also influenced by the presence of vast natural resources and agricultural potential. The interior highlands are abundant in water resources and are, therefore, well suited for agriculture. The south and southeast are dry savanna while the far north is covered by rain forest. Angola’s oil fields are located in the coastal region in the north and west. The country is also rich in various minerals that are found in its western and central parts. Meanwhile, the distribution of infrastructure networks follows the pattern of the population and natural resources. As such, greater density of transport, power and information and communication technology infrastructure is located along the western half of the country. Local authorities have invested heavily in rebuilding infrastructure Angola’s transport infrastructure suffered extensive damage during the civil war period (1975-2002), with destruction and neglect leading to the closure of most of the road and rail networks. -
Inventário Florestal Nacional, Guia De Campo Para Recolha De Dados
Monitorização e Avaliação de Recursos Florestais Nacionais de Angola Inventário Florestal Nacional Guia de campo para recolha de dados . NFMA Working Paper No 41/P– Rome, Luanda 2009 Monitorização e Avaliação de Recursos Florestais Nacionais As florestas são essenciais para o bem-estar da humanidade. Constitui as fundações para a vida sobre a terra através de funções ecológicas, a regulação do clima e recursos hídricos e servem como habitat para plantas e animais. As florestas também fornecem uma vasta gama de bens essenciais, tais como madeira, comida, forragem, medicamentos e também, oportunidades para lazer, renovação espiritual e outros serviços. Hoje em dia, as florestas sofrem pressões devido ao aumento de procura de produtos e serviços com base na terra, o que resulta frequentemente na degradação ou transformação da floresta em formas insustentáveis de utilização da terra. Quando as florestas são perdidas ou severamente degradadas. A sua capacidade de funcionar como reguladores do ambiente também se perde. O resultado é o aumento de perigo de inundações e erosão, a redução na fertilidade do solo e o desaparecimento de plantas e animais. Como resultado, o fornecimento sustentável de bens e serviços das florestas é posto em perigo. Como resposta do aumento de procura de informações fiáveis sobre os recursos de florestas e árvores tanto ao nível nacional como Internacional l, a FAO iniciou uma actividade para dar apoio à monitorização e avaliação de recursos florestais nationais (MANF). O apoio à MANF inclui uma abordagem harmonizada da MANF, a gestão de informação, sistemas de notificação de dados e o apoio à análise do impacto das políticas no processo nacional de tomada de decisão. -
The Botanical Exploration of Angola by Germans During the 19Th and 20Th Centuries, with Biographical Sketches and Notes on Collections and Herbaria
Blumea 65, 2020: 126–161 www.ingentaconnect.com/content/nhn/blumea RESEARCH ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2020.65.02.06 The botanical exploration of Angola by Germans during the 19th and 20th centuries, with biographical sketches and notes on collections and herbaria E. Figueiredo1, *, G.F. Smith1, S. Dressler 2 Key words Abstract A catalogue of 29 German individuals who were active in the botanical exploration of Angola during the 19th and 20th centuries is presented. One of these is likely of Swiss nationality but with significant links to German Angola settlers in Angola. The catalogue includes information on the places of collecting activity, dates on which locations botanical exploration were visited, the whereabouts of preserved exsiccata, maps with itineraries, and biographical information on the German explorers collectors. Initial botanical exploration in Angola by Germans was linked to efforts to establish and expand Germany’s plant collections colonies in Africa. Later exploration followed after some Germans had settled in the country. However, Angola was never under German control. The most intense period of German collecting activity in this south-tropical African country took place from the early-1870s to 1900. Twenty-four Germans collected plant specimens in Angola for deposition in herbaria in continental Europe, mostly in Germany. Five other naturalists or explorers were active in Angola but collections have not been located under their names or were made by someone else. A further three col- lectors, who are sometimes cited as having collected material in Angola but did not do so, are also briefly discussed. Citation: Figueiredo E, Smith GF, Dressler S. -
VI. O Acto Eleitoral
VI. O acto eleitoral No dia 5 de Setembro de 2008, em todas as Províncias do país, os angolanos levantaram-se cedo para exercerem o seu direito de voto. Infelizmente, cedo se descobriu que não seriam essas as eleições que se esperava viessem a ser exemplares para o Continente Africano e para o Mundo. Eis aqui um resumo das ocorrências fraudulentas que, em 5 de Setembro de 2008, caracterizaram o dia mais esperado do processo político, o dia D: 1. Novo mapeamento das Assembleias de Voto 1.1 O mapeamento inicialmente distribuído aos Partidos Políticos, assim como os locais de funcionamento das Assembleias de Voto e os cadernos de registo eleitoral, não foram publicitados com a devida antecedência, para permitir uma eleição ordeira e organizada. 1.2 Para agravar a situação, no dia da votação, o mapeamento dos locais de funcionamento das Assembleias de Voto produzido pela CNE não foi o utilizado. O mapeamento utilizado foi outro, produzido por uma instituição de tal modo estranha à CNE e que os próprios órgãos locais da CNE desconheciam. Em resultado, i. Milhares de eleitores ficaram sem votar; ii. Aldeias e outras comunidades tiveram de ser arregimentadas em transportes arranjados pelo Governo, para irem votar em condições de voto condicionado; iii. Não houve mecanismos fiáveis de controlo da observância dos princípios da universalidade e da unicidade do voto. 1.3 O Nº. 2 do Art.º 105 da Lei Eleitoral é bastante claro: “a constituição das Mesas fora dos respectivos locais implica a nulidade das eleições na Mesa em causa e das operações eleitorais praticadas nessas circunstâncias, salvo motivo de força maior, devidamente justificado e apreciado pelas instâncias judiciais competentes ou por acordo escrito entre a entidade municipal da Comissão Nacional Eleitoral e os delegados dos partidos políticos e coligações de partidos ou dos candidatos concorrentes.” 1.4 Em todos os casos que a seguir se descreve, foram instaladas Assembleias de Voto anteriormente não previstas. -
ANGOLA FOOD SECURITY UPDATE July 2003
ANGOLA FOOD SECURITY UPDATE July 2003 Highlights The food security situation continues to improve in parts of the country, with the overall number of people estimated to need food assistance reduced by four percent in July 2003 relieving pressure on the food aid pipeline. The price of the least-expensive food basket also continues to decline after the main harvest, reflecting an improvement in access to food. According to the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), the results of both the latest nutritional surveys as well as the trend analysis on admissions and readmissions to nutritional rehabilitation programs indicate a clear improvement in the nutritional situation of people in the provinces considered at risk (Benguela, Bie, Kuando Kubango). However, the situation in Huambo and Huila Provinces still warrants some concern. Household food stocks are beginning to run out just two months after the main harvest in the Planalto area, especially for the displaced and returnee populations. In response to the current food crisis, relief agencies in Angola have intensified their relief efforts in food insecure areas, particularly in the Planalto. More than 37,000 returnees have been registered for food assistance in Huambo, Benguela, Huila and Kuando Kubango. The current food aid pipeline looks good. Cereal availability has improved following recent donor contributions of maize. Cereal and pulse projections indicate that total requirements will be covered until the end of October 2003. Since the planned number of beneficiaries for June and July 2003 decreased by four percent, it is estimated that the overall availability of commodities will cover local food needs until end of November 2003. -
Chapter 3 Profile of the Study Area
Chapter 3 Profile of the Study Area 3.1 Benguela Province 3.1.1 Outline Benguela Province is located in mid-west Angola. Its northern part meets the Province of Kwanza Sul, the east with Huambo, and the south with the Province of Huila and Namibe. The surface area is 39,826,83km2, and covers 3.19% of the national territory. It consists of 9 Municipalities including Lobito, and 27 Comunas and has a population of 1.93 million. The major Municipalities are Lobito (population: 736,000), Benguela (470,000) and Cubal (230,000). Its climate is dry and hot in the coastal areas, with an average temperature of 24.2 degrees Celsius with a highest temperature of 35 degrees Celsius. Vegetation is concentrated in the western areas, and in recent years, the forest areas along the coastline are decreasing due to deforestation. It has approx 1 million hectare of potential farmland and can produce various agricultural products thanks to its rich land and water sources. Primary products include bananas, corn, potatoes (potato, sweet potato), wheat flour, coconuts, beans, citrus fruit, mangos, and sugar cane. It is known nationwide for its variety of production, and the scale of cattle breeding ranks 4th in country. Currently cultivated areas total approx 214,000ha, and the production of primary products reaches approx 247,000 tons. Table 3-1 Profile of Municipalities in Benguela (As of 2007) Estimated Surface area Municipality Density/km2 population (km2) Benguela 469,363 2,100 223.5 Lobito 736,978 3,685 200.0 Baia Farta 97,720 6,744 14.5 Ganda 190,006 4,817 39.4 Cubal 230,848 4,794 48.2 Caimbambo 44,315 3,285 13.5 Balombo 27,942 2,635 10.6 Bocoio 55,712 5,612 9.9 Chongoroi 75,256 6,151 12.2 Total.. -
United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (Ocha)
UNITED NATIONS OFFICE FOR THE COORDINATION OF HUMANITARIAN AFFAIRS (OCHA) HUMANITARIAN SITUATION IN ANGOLA Situation Report Reporting Period: 1 – 15 October 2003 Critical Issues q Humanitarian partners reported concerns about the food security situation in Chicuma, Ganda Municipality, Benguela Province. q The Kuito – Chipeta road in Bié Province was reopened for humanitarian operations. q A drought is causing hunger amongst populations in the municipalities of Cahama, Kuvelai, Kwanhama and Ombanja, Cunene Province. q Thirty metric tons of food for distribution in Rivungo were delayed at the Namibian border due to transport problems and bad road conditions. q Food distribution was temporarily suspended in Calandula Municipality, Malanje Province, after humanitarian workers were beaten during a distribution. q Due to an increased number of returning refugees from Zambia, there is a shortage in seeds and tools for distribution in Lumbala N’Guimbo, Moxico Province. Provincial Update Bengo Province: The road to Muxaluando has been partially rehabilitated easing access to Nambuangongo which will be assessed at the end of the month. Humanitarian partners are beginning interventions in Cassoneca, including much-needed water facilities projects, in preparation for the expected arrival of 2,000 refugees and returning populations. Benguela Province: Humanitarian partners conducting an assessment in Chicuma, Ganda Municipality report the food security situation is alarming. During a recent assessment humanitarian partners found that the population lacked adequate food reserves and seeds and tools for the agricultural season. Although malnutrition levels are currently under control, humanitarian partners recommend the extending the supplementary feeding centre as a preventive measure due to the food insecurity combined with a weak health system. -
5.Present Status and Issues of the Target Ports 5-15 5.2 Port of Lobito
THE STUDY ON URGENT REHABILITATION PROGRAM OF PORTS IN THE REPUBLIC OF ANGOLA - FINAL REPORT - 5.Present Status and Issues of the Target Ports 5.2 Port of Lobito 5.2.1 Overview Port of Lobito is located at 30km north of Benguela, in middle area of Angolan coast and physical distribution base in Middle West area utilizing Benguela Railway connecting to inland areas. City of Lobito has about 800 thousand population and the main industries are Benguela Railway, Petroleum, Cement, Brewery, Water and Sewer Company including Lobito Port Authority. The port has been constructed in 1903 by landfill of everglade. The port has the same location pattern as port of Luanda and good natural port. Main handling cargos are daily commodity and restoration related material such as construction material, oil, flour, sugar, grain and general cargo. At this moment, the restoration works of Benguela railways is underway and the port is expected to be important as international hub port for the countries like Zambia, Botswana and Zimbabwe who have no coast and Congo. Figure 5-5 shows the layout of the Port of Lobito and Photo 5-14 shows a panoramic view of the Port of Lobito. Figure 5-5 Present Layout of the Port of Lobito 5-15 THE STUDY ON URGENT REHABILITATION PROGRAM OF PORTS IN THE REPUBLIC OF ANGOLA - FINAL REPORT - 5.Present Status and Issues of the Target Ports Photo 5-14 Panoramic View of the Port of Lobito (2005) 5.2.2 Natural Condition 1) Meteorological Conditions Meteorological information such as temperature, humidity and precipitation for the period from 1991 to 2004 were obtained through the National Institute of Meteorology and Geophysics (INAMET) in Angola.