The Geography of Gandhāran Art
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Issues and Challenges to Academic Journalism and Mass Communication in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Volume 6 number 3 Journalism Education page 53 Issues and challenges to academic journalism and mass communication in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan Sajjad Ali, University of Swat, KPK, Pakistan; Muhammad Shahid, University of Peshawar, Pakistan; Muhammad Saeed, The Islamia University of Bahawlpur, Pakistan; Muhammad Tariq, The Islamia University of Bahawlpur, Pakistan. Abstract Through this study, the researchers aim to explore the his- tory of Journalism and Mass Communication education in Pakistan in general and the evolution of academic disci- pline in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) in particular. The study also explores the problems and prospects of the Journal- ism and Mass Communication Departments in KPK. The re- searchers used qualitative method and collected the data though secondary resources as well as conducted in-depth interviews with the chairpersons and in-charge of the de- partments. The researchers developed five questions and six objectives to explore the history of academic journal- ism in KPK and highlight the problems of the concerned de- partments. The study disclosed that the academic Journal- ism and Mass Communication started as discipline in 1974 and presently there are seven departments in government universities and one in a private sector university. The Articles Page 54 Journalism Education Volume 6 number 3 study found out the answers of the designed questions and proved the objective that the departments of journal- ism and Mass Communication are facing academic, profes- sional, curricula, administrative, technical, lack of research culture, lack of coordination with other journalism depart- ments and media organizations, printing, broadcasting, telecasting, online journalism, practical journalism, educa- tion system, lack of research environment, administrative, technical and financial resources for the development of research journal publication. -
Buddhist Histories
JIABS Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies Volume 25 Number 1-2 2002 Buddhist Histories Richard SALOMON and Gregory SCHOPEN On an Alleged Reference to Amitabha in a KharoÒ†hi Inscription on a Gandharian Relief .................................................................... 3 Jinhua CHEN Sarira and Scepter. Empress Wu’s Political Use of Buddhist Relics 33 Justin T. MCDANIEL Transformative History. Nihon Ryoiki and Jinakalamalipakara∞am 151 Joseph WALSER Nagarjuna and the Ratnavali. New Ways to Date an Old Philosopher................................................................................ 209 Cristina A. SCHERRER-SCHAUB Enacting Words. A Diplomatic Analysis of the Imperial Decrees (bkas bcad) and their Application in the sGra sbyor bam po gnis pa Tradition....................................................................................... 263 Notes on the Contributors................................................................. 341 ON AN ALLEGED REFERENCE TO AMITABHA IN A KHARO∑™HI INSCRIPTION ON A GANDHARAN RELIEF RICHARD SALOMON AND GREGORY SCHOPEN 1. Background: Previous study and publication of the inscription This article concerns an inscription in KharoÒ†hi script and Gandhari language on the pedestal of a Gandharan relief sculpture which has been interpreted as referring to Amitabha and Avalokitesvara, and thus as hav- ing an important bearing on the issue of the origins of the Mahayana. The sculpture in question (fig. 1) has had a rather complicated history. According to Brough (1982: 65), it was first seen in Taxila in August 1961 by Professor Charles Kieffer, from whom Brough obtained the photograph on which his edition of the inscription was based. Brough reported that “[o]n his [Kieffer’s] return to Taxila a month later, the sculpture had dis- appeared, and no information about its whereabouts was forthcoming.” Later on, however, it resurfaced as part of the collection of Dr. -
The Apsidal Temple of Taxila
T HE THE APSIDAL TEMPLE OF TAXILA: A TRADITIONAL HYPOTHESIS AND PSIDA L POSSIBLE NEW INTERPRETATIONS T EMP L E Luca Colliva O F T AXI L A The so called ‘apsidal temple’ of Sirkap is an imposing building belonging, according to Marshall, : T RADI to the Indo-Parthian period (Figure 1) (Marshall 1951, 150-151). It is built over an artificial terrace T facing the main street in the northern part of the town and was brought to light by John Marshall at IONA th the beginning of the last century after some minor excavations during the 19 century. Unlike his L H predecessors, who were very doubtful about its nature (Cunningham 1871, 126-128), Marshall identified YPO T this building as a Buddhist gr. ha-stūpa (Marshall 1930, 111; Marshall 1951, 150); this interpretation HESIS has indeed never been questioned and is accepted, also, in the last study on urban form in Taxila A (Coningham & Edwards 1998, 50). ND However, we cannot deem this attribution certain. No traces are detectable of the main stūpa P OSSIB Marshall recognises in the ‘circular room’ (Marshall 1951, 151). Besides, what Marshall describes as L E two additional stūpas are nothing but scanty remains of foundations belonging to two monuments N of uncertain nature. As I already pointed out in a more exhaustive way (Colliva in press), Marshall EW I was probably convinced that the apsidal shape of this building was enough to identify it as a N T Buddhist caitya. The discovery at Sonkh of an apsidal-shaped temple, probably dedicated to a nāga ERPRE cult, shows, on the contrary, that non-Buddhist religious buildings with an apsidal plan occur in T A T periods chronologically consistent with that of the “apsidal temple” of Sirkap (Härtel 1970; Härtel IONS 1993). -
Ancient Universities in India
Ancient Universities in India Ancient alanda University Nalanda is an ancient center of higher learning in Bihar, India from 427 to 1197. Nalanda was established in the 5th century AD in Bihar, India. Founded in 427 in northeastern India, not far from what is today the southern border of Nepal, it survived until 1197. It was devoted to Buddhist studies, but it also trained students in fine arts, medicine, mathematics, astronomy, politics and the art of war. The center had eight separate compounds, 10 temples, meditation halls, classrooms, lakes and parks. It had a nine-story library where monks meticulously copied books and documents so that individual scholars could have their own collections. It had dormitories for students, perhaps a first for an educational institution, housing 10,000 students in the university’s heyday and providing accommodations for 2,000 professors. Nalanda University attracted pupils and scholars from Korea, Japan, China, Tibet, Indonesia, Persia and Turkey. A half hour bus ride from Rajgir is Nalanda, the site of the world's first University. Although the site was a pilgrimage destination from the 1st Century A.D., it has a link with the Buddha as he often came here and two of his chief disciples, Sariputra and Moggallana, came from this area. The large stupa is known as Sariputra's Stupa, marking the spot not only where his relics are entombed, but where he was supposedly born. The site has a number of small monasteries where the monks lived and studied and many of them were rebuilt over the centuries. We were told that one of the cells belonged to Naropa, who was instrumental in bringing Buddism to Tibet, along with such Nalanda luminaries as Shantirakshita and Padmasambhava. -
The Silk Road in World History
The Silk Road in World History The New Oxford World History The Silk Road in World History Xinru Liu 1 2010 3 Oxford University Press, Inc., publishes works that further Oxford University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education. Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With offi ces in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Published by Oxford University Press, Inc. 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016 www.oup.com Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Oxford University Press. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Liu, Xinru. The Silk Road in world history / Xinru Liu. p. cm. ISBN 978-0-19-516174-8; ISBN 978-0-19-533810-2 (pbk.) 1. Silk Road—History. 2. Silk Road—Civilization. 3. Eurasia—Commerce—History. 4. Trade routes—Eurasia—History. 5. Cultural relations. I. Title. DS33.1.L58 2010 950.1—dc22 2009051139 1 3 5 7 9 8 6 4 2 Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper Frontispiece: In the golden days of the Silk Road, members of the elite in China were buried with ceramic camels for carrying goods across the desert, hoping to enjoy luxuries from afar even in the other world. -
An Archaeological Analysis of Early Buddhism and the Mauryan Empire at Lumbini, Nepal
Durham E-Theses The Mauryan Horizon: An Archaeological Analysis of Early Buddhism and the Mauryan Empire at Lumbini, Nepal TREMBLAY, JENNIFER,CARRIE How to cite: TREMBLAY, JENNIFER,CARRIE (2014) The Mauryan Horizon: An Archaeological Analysis of Early Buddhism and the Mauryan Empire at Lumbini, Nepal , Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/11038/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk 2 Abstract The Mauryan Horizon: An Archaeological Analysis of early Buddhism and the Mauryan Empire at Lumbini, Nepal Jennifer Carrie Tremblay The archaeology of Buddhism in South Asia is reliant on the art historical study of monumental remains, the identification of which is tied to the textual historical sources that dominate Buddhist scholarship. The development and spread of early Buddhism from the third century BCE has been intrinsically linked with the Mauryan Emperor Asoka, and is consequently reliant on the identification of ‘Mauryan’ remains in the archaeological record. -
Problems of Chronology in Gandhāran Art
Rienjang and Stewart (eds) Problems of Chronology in Gandhāran Art Edited by Wannaporn Rienjang Peter Stewart Problems of Chronology in Gandhāran Art Since the beginning of Gandhāran studies in the nineteenth century, chronology has been one of the most significant challenges to the understanding of Gandhāran art. Many other ancient societies, including those of Greece and Rome, have left a wealth of textual sources which have put their fundamental chronological frameworks beyond doubt. In the absence of such sources on a similar scale, even the historical eras cited on inscribed Gandhāran works of art have been hard to place. Few sculptures have such inscriptions and the majority lack any record of find-spot or even general provenance. Those known to have been found at particular sites were sometimes moved and reused in antiquity. Consequently, the provisional dates assigned to extant Gandhāran sculptures have sometimes differed by centuries, while the narrative of artistic development remains doubtful and inconsistent. Building upon the most recent, cross-disciplinary research, debate and excavation, this volume reinforces a new consensus about the chronology of Gandhāra, bringing the history of Gandhāran art into sharper focus than ever. By considering this tradition in its wider context, alongside contemporary Indian art and subsequent developments in Central Asia, the authors also open up fresh questions and problems which a new phase of research will need to address. Problems of Chronology in Gandhāran Art is the first publication of the Gandhāra Connections project at the University of Oxford’s Classical Art Research Centre, which has been supported by the Bagri Foundation and the Neil Kreitman Foundation. -
1.Punjab Tourism for Economic Growth.Cdr
Punjab Tourism for Economic Growth Consortium for c d p r Development Policy Research w w w . c d p r . o r g . p k c d p r Report R1703 State June 2017 About the project The final report Punjab Tourism for Economic Growth has been completed by the CDPR team under overall guidance Funded by: World Bank from Suleman Ghani. The team includes Aftab Rana, Fatima Habib, Hina Shaikh, Nazish Afraz, Shireen Waheed, Usman Key Counterpart: Government of Khan, Turab Hussain and Zara Salman. The team would also +924235778180 [email protected] Punjab like to acknowledge the advisory support provided by . Impact Hasaan Khawar and Ali Murtaza. Dr. Ijaz Nabi (IGC,CDPR) With assistance from provided rigorous academic oversight of the report. CDPR, Government of Punjab has formulated a n d a p p r o v e d k e y principles of policy for tourism, providing an In brief anchor for future reforms Ÿ Government of Punjab is keen and committed to and clearly articulating i t s c o m m i t m e n t t o developing a comprehensive strategy for putting p r o m o t e t o u r i s m , tourism on a solid footing. e s p e c i a l l y h e r i t a g e Ÿ CDPR has been commissioned by the government to tourism. Government of help adopt an informed, contemporary, view of tourism Punjab has been closely involved in formulation of and assist in designing a reform program to modernize www.cdpr.org.pk f o l l o w - u p the sector. -
Guide to Islamabad
GUIDE TO ISLAMABAD Abstract We at the World Bank Group Family Network (WBGFN) Islamabad have put together this short guide to help you with all the basic needs. If you need any more help, feel free to contact the author or any of the other members listed in this guide. WBGFN Islamabad Pakistan Table of Contents WBGFN Islamabad Contacts ................................................................................................................... 2 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................... 3 Climate .................................................................................................................................................................. 4 Language .............................................................................................................................................................. 4 Time Zone ............................................................................................................................................................. 4 Currency ............................................................................................................................................................... 4 Living ............................................................................................................................................................... 5 Childcare and Household Staff ........................................................................................................................ -
Gandharan Sculptures in the Peshawar Museum (Life Story of Buddha)
Gandharan Sculptures in the Peshawar Museum (Life Story of Buddha) Ihsan Ali Muhammad Naeem Qazi Hazara University Mansehra NWFP – Pakistan 2008 Uploaded by [email protected] © Copy Rights reserved in favour of Hazara University, Mansehra, NWFP – Pakistan Editors: Ihsan Ali* Muhammad Naeem Qazi** Price: US $ 20/- Title: Gandharan Sculptures in the Peshawar Museum (Life Story of Buddha) Frontispiece: Buddha Visiting Kashyapa Printed at: Khyber Printers, Small Industrial Estate, Kohat Road, Peshawar – Pakistan. Tel: (++92-91) 2325196 Fax: (++92-91) 5272407 E-mail: [email protected] Correspondence Address: Hazara University, Mansehra, NWFP – Pakistan Website: hu.edu.pk E-mail: [email protected] * Professor, Department of Archaeology, University of Peshawar, Currently Vice Chancellor, Hazara University, Mansehra, NWFP – Pakistan ** Assistant Professor, Department of Archaeology, University of Peshawar, Pakistan CONTRIBUTORS 1. Prof. Dr. Ihsan Ali, Vice Chancellor Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan 2. Muhammad Naeem Qazi, Assistant Professor, Department of Archaeology, University of Peshawar, Pakistan 3. Ihsanullah Jan, Lecturer, Department of Cultural Heritage & Tourism Management, Hazara University 4. Muhammad Ashfaq, University Museum, Hazara University 5. Syed Ayaz Ali Shah, Department of Archaeology, University of Peshawar, Pakistan 6. Abdul Hameed Chitrali, Lecturer, Department of Cultural Heritage & Tourism Management, Hazara University 7. Muhammad Imran Khan, Archaeologist, Charsadda, Pakistan 8. Muhammad Haroon, Archaeologist, Mardan, Pakistan III ABBREVIATIONS A.D.F.C. Archaeology Department, Frontier Circle A.S.I. Archaeological Survery of India A.S.I.A.R. Archaeological Survery of India, Annual Report D.G.A. Director General of Archaeology E.G.A.C. Exhibition of the German Art Council I.G.P. Inspector General Police IsMEO Instituto Italiano Per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente P.M. -
Geographical Differences and Similarities in Gandhāran Sculptures ��������������������������������������������41 Satoshi Naiki Part 2 Provenances and Localities
The Geography of Gandhāran Art Proceedings of the Second International Workshop of the Gandhāra Connections Project, University of Oxford, 22nd-23rd March, 2018 Edited by Wannaporn Rienjang Peter Stewart Archaeopress Archaeology Archaeopress Publishing Ltd Summertown Pavilion 18-24 Middle Way Summertown Oxford OX2 7LG www.archaeopress.com ISBN 978-1-78969-186-3 ISBN 978-1-78969-187-0 (e-Pdf) DOI: 10.32028/9781789691863 © Archaeopress and the individual authors 2019 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright owners. This book is available direct from Archaeopress or from our website www.archaeopress.com Contents Acknowledgements ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������iii Editors’ note �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������iii Contributors ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� iv Preface ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ix Wannaporn Rienjang and Peter Stewart Part 1 Artistic Geographies Gandhāran art(s): methodologies and preliminary results of a stylistic analysis ������������������������� 3 Jessie Pons -
Narration in Gandharan Reliefs
Narration in Gandharan Reliefs Muhammad Shehzad Haider Master of Architecture 1997 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Architecture in the faculty of Built Environment at the University of New South Wales, Australia, 1997. U N S w 1 2 SEP 1997 LIBRARY Dedicated To My Parents Contents Acknowledgments List of Plates Introduction 1 Gandhara: 7 Geography 7 Evolution of Gandharan Art 9 Foreign Influences in Gandharan Stone Reliefs 15 Types of Narration in Gandharan Stone Reliefs 22 Monoscenic Narratives: the theme of Action 22 Monoscenic Narratives: Being in a State 25 Conflated Narrative 26 Continuous Narrative 26 Linear Narrative 29 The stone Bas-Reliefs of Gandhara 31 Themes of Narration 32 The Jatakas 32 Life of Buddha 38 Characteristics of Gandharan Stone Reliefs. 56 Notes 59 Bibliography 62 Acknowledgments This paper would not be completed without the guidance of my supervisor, Mr. Michael Tawa who always put me on the right track during the process of my research and presented me with questions that has to be answered. Special thanks to Premporn Khemavuk who always supported and encouraged me during my thesis and helped me in getting information regarding the topic. Besides using the vast collection of books in University of New South Wales, I am also much obliged to the library of University of Sydney that has a good collection of valuable books regarding my topic. I would also like to thank Amir Arif for his moral support during my thesis. LIST OF PLATES 1. Presentation of the Bride to Sidhartha 14 2.