ISSN 0126-5539 PERSATUAN GEOLOGI

NEWSLETIER OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF MALAYSIA

KANDUNGAN (Contents) CATATAN GEOLOGI (Geological Notes)

Azman Abdul Ghani: Microscopic observation of mantle feldspar from 1 Noring granite, Stong Complex K.M. Leong: Sabah Crystalline Basement: "Spurious" radiometric ages? 5 Continental?

PERTEMUAN PERSATUAN (Meetings of the Society)

D. Jeffrey Over: Conodonts and mass extinctions in the Phanerozoic 9 Stephane Ducrocq: Tertiary mammal faunas from Thailand 10 Yaowalak Chaimanee: Plio-Pleistocene fossil from caves and fissure 11 fillings of Thailand Tertiary Basins of Peninsular Malaysia and its adjacent offshore areas 12 - Report

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Local News 19 OSEA98 44 PETEX 98 - Scaling the Peaks 45 Shallow Tethys (ST) 5 46 Kalendar (Calendar) 48 Majlis (Council) 1997/98

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Ahn~AhU "MajliS(¢QUncillots)·, 1997-99 1997-98 Tan Boon Kong Abd. Ghani Mohd Rafek Azhar Hj. Hussin Abdul Rahim Samsudin K.K Liew Abdul Hadi Abd. Rahman Kadderi Md. Desa Sia Hok Kiang

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AwPeckChin FooWahYang Mazlan Madon Tan Boon Kong Azhar Hj. Hussin C.A. Foss Ian Metcalfe Tan Teong Hing KR. Chakraborty N.S. Haile S. Paramananthan Teoh Lay Hock Choo Mun Keong C.S. Hutchison Senathi Rajah H.D. Tjia Chu Leng Heng Lee Chai Peng Shu Yeoh Khoon Wan Hasiah Abd. Denis N.K Tan Leong Lap Sau P.H. Stauffer Yeap Cheng Hock

The Society was founded in 1967 with the aim of promoting the advancement of earth sciences particularly in Malaysia and the Southeast Asian region. The Society has a membership of about 600 earth scientists interested in Malaysia and other Southeast Asian regions. The membership is worldwide in distribution.

Published by the Geological Society of Malaysia, Department of Geology, , 50603 Kuala Lumpur. Tel: 603-757 7036 Fax: 603-756 3900 E-mail: [email protected] Printed by Art PrlnNng Works Sdn. Bhd., 29 Jalan Rlong, 59100 Kuala Lumpur. Microscopic observation of mantle feldspar from Noring granite, Stong Complex

AzMAN ABDUL GHANI Geology Department University of Malaya 50603 Kuala Lumpur

Abstract: A mantle feldspar from the Noring granite is described and has been compared to the rapakivi texture from elsewhere. The texture consists of euhedral to subhedral K-feldspar mantled by numerous small plagioclase crystals.

INTRODUCTION mm to 2 cm across. Sketches of some of the textures in the hand specimen is given in Figure This short note describe microscopic 2. features of mantle feldspar found in the Noring granite, Stong Complex, Kelantan. The The K-feldspar core consists of a single interpretation, chemistry and petrogenesis of crystal or several crystals usually showing simple the texture will be presented elsewhere. The twinning. Not infrequently the K-feldspar core Stong Complex is made up of three plutons, contains mineral inclusions usually small namely Noring granite, Berangkat tonalite and irregular outline plagioclase and less commonly Kenerong microgranite (Fig. 1). General geology euhedral hornblende, magnetite and biotite. of the granite and surrounding areas have been Average composition of the K-feldspar core is given by Hutchison (1969), Singh et al. (1 984) Or89.6-97.4 AblO .4-2.6. Microscopic observation and Cobbing et al. (1992). shows that the plagioclase rim is composed of numerous euhedral to subhedral plagioclase, PETROGRAPHIC DESCRIPTIONS usually less than 1 mm in size (Fig. 3). Individual rim plagioclases are mostly zoned. Composition The Noring granite is coarse grained with of the plagioclase rim is restricted to An -44. average grain size between 0.5 mm to 3 cm. 38 Where the plagioclase is in contact with the K­ Petrographically the rock is made up of a mixture feldspar core, the contact is usually replacive of plagioclase, pinkish K-feldspar megacryst, and irregular. Small plagioclase inclusions quartz, hornblende, biotite, apatite, sphene, can be found in the K-feldspar core being most allanite, zircon, epidote and magnetite. abundant near the contact with plagioclase The notable texture of this rock is the rim. In one sample, the plagioclase rim seems mantled feldspar in which whitish plagioclase to penetrate into the K-feldspar core [see Fig. (plagioclase rim) mantled the pinkish K-feldspar 2 (d)]. Microscopic investigation show that the (K-feldspar core). The size of the texture ranges plagiocIases show several highly irregular outline from several mm to 3 cm. The thickness of the crystals (Fig. 4). Islands of small plagioclase plagioclase rim varies from 1 mm to 10 mm. crystals are also abundant at the plagioclase­ The K-feldspar core also varies in size, from 2 K-feldspar contacts.

ISSN 0126-5539 Warta Geologi, Vol. 24, No . 1, Jan-Feb 1998, pp.1-4 c ~

f

h 9

KAPAL BATHOUTH 1+ + + +, Coarse primary texture + + + + . biotite granite ~ ++ D• + •• Medium or fine primary texture + • biotite granite ~- Secondary ma\lmatic variants and microgranltes k~'~; ::'j Coarse primary texture 1 : j.... I homblendic granite

Medium or fine primary texture hornblendic granite or granodionte

• Gabbro/dlonte t

o kilometre. 30 I , Figure 2. Sketches some of the mantle feldspars in hand specimens. Black spot is either biotite or opaque phase. p: Plagioclase rim; k: K­ feldspar core. Scale bar = 1 cm. Figure 1. Location of the Noring granite in relation to other granite batholiths of Eastern Peninsular Malaysia (modified after Cobbing et ai., 1992). ~ B- ~ {, .

:-~ N ,!I>o ~ .t"' 'iii';:s ~ ~ 0-> !§

~ ~ ~ I I

Figure 3. Microscopic sketch of the mantle feldspar. Note that the 'plagioclase Figure 4. Microscopic sketch of the penetrate plagioclase. The texture in GO rim' consists of numerous small plagioclase crystals. PI: Plagioclase; Ksp: K- hand specimen is shown in Fig. 2d. PI: Plagioclase; Ksp: K-feldspar; Qu: feldspar; Qu: Quartz; Hbl: Hornblende; Bi: Biotite; Sph: Sphene. Quartz; Hbl: Hornblende; Bi: Biotite. 4 AzMAN ABDUL GHANI Table 1. Comparison of the mantle feldspar with the rapakivi texture from Proterozoic granite.

MANTLE FELDSPAR RAPAKIVI TEXTURE (Noring Granite) FELDSPAR

Plagioclase composition AnSS-An44 (Andesin) An10-An40 (Oligoclase-Andesin)

Age of the granite Cretaceous Proterozoic era (1.0 to 1.7 Ga)

K-feldspar core Usually euhedral to subhedral Usually ovoid, may consist of but may consists of single or single crystal or more complex several K-feldspar crystals intergrowth of several crystals

Plagioclase rim Consists of numerous small Single crystal of oligoclase- plagioclase crystals in optically andesin in optically continuity discontinuity. with the albite lamallae of perthite ovoid or several different oriented plagioclase grains.

Inclusion Islands of small plagioclase Plagioclase inclusion common are common in the K-feldspar in the K-feldspar core. core especially near the contacts with plagioclase rim.

. K-feldspar composition OrS9.6-97.4 Ab10.4-2.6 Or50-80 Ab2O-50 ~.5-4

COMPARISON WITH OTHER RAPAKIVI REFERENCES TEXTURE HUTcmsoN, C.S., 1969. Some notes on the Stong The mantle feldspar in the present study Complex. Newsletter Geol. Soc. Malaysia, 21, 8-11. has been compared to the rapakivi texture SINGH, D.S., CHU, L.H., TEOH, L.H., LOGANATHAN, P., (mantling of ovoid K-feldspar megacrysts by . COBBING, E.J. AND MALLICK, D.LJ., 1984. The Stong plagioclase) found in Proterozoic granites (e.g. Complex: a reassessment. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Sederholm, 1891; Dempster et al., 1991,1994; Bull., 17,61-77. Ramo and Haapala, 1995) (Table 1). There are COBBING,E.J.,PrrFIELn,P.E.J., DARBYSHIRE, D.P.F.,AND several notable differences between those two MALLIcK, D.I.J., 1992. The granites of the South­ textures, especially the age of the granites and East Asian tin belt. Overseas Memoir 10, B.G.S. the plagioclase composition. The rapakivi texture SEDERHOLM, J.J., 1891. Uber die finnlandischen is usually found in granites with age ranging Rapakiwigesteine. Tscher marks Mineral. Petrol. from 1.0 to 1.7 Ga whereas the Noring granite Mitt., 12, 1-31. has been dated as Cretaceous (Singh et al., 1984). DEMPSTER, T.J., HUTl'ON, D.H.W., HARRIsON, T.N., BROWN, Plagioclase rims in the present study have a P.E.ANDJENKIN, G.R.T., 1991. Texturalevolutionof rather restricted composition, An38-44 compared the Rapakivi granites, south Greenland - Sr, 0 to AnlO-40 for the rapakivi texture. The rapakivi and H isotopic investigations. Contrib. Mineral. texture is typically composed of ovoid magacrysts Petrol., 107, 459-471. of K-feldspar with a millimeter-thick shell of DEMPSTER, T.J., JENKIN, G.R.T. AND RoGERS, G., 1994. oligoclase whereas the mantle feldspar of the The origin ofRapakivi texture. Jour. Petrol., 35(4), Noring granite consists of subhedral K-feldspar 963-981. core mantled by numerous euhedral to subhedral RAMo, O.T. AND IIAAPALA, 1.,1995. One hundred years plagioclase of andesine composition. ofRapakivigranite. Mineral. Petrol., 52,128-185.

------.~.-~-+4-.------Manuscript received 7 November 1997

Warta Geologi, Vol. 24, No.1, Jan-Feb 1998 Sabah Crystalline Basement: "Spurious" radiometric ages? Continental?

K.M. LEONG PRSS Sdn. Bhd. Lot 3288 & 3289 Off Jalan Ayer Item, Kawasan Institusi Bandar Baru Bangi 43000 Kajang

The Sabah Crystalline Basement rocks in Hutchison (1988, 1989, p. 193), in reference the Upper Segama area comprise metamorphic to the radiometric ages, states: rocks, mainly amphibolite, and igneous rocks The metagabbro K:Ar radiometric - granite, granodiorite, diorite and tonalite, dates as old as 210 Ma (Early the most abundant being granodiorite. The Jurassic) have to be spurious for concept of an igneous and metamorphic the gabbro and metagabbro basement underlying Late Mesozoic-Early conformably (or structurally) underlie Tertiary rocks in Sabah was first advanced by the Chert-Spilite Formation as Reinhard and Wenk (1951), and later refined integral layers of the same patchily by Kirk (1964, 1968) and Leong (1974). More metamorphosed ophiolite. recently, Tongkul (1991) referred to a pre­ Cretaceous "older metamorphosed oceanic However, it should be noted that the rock basement" of Sabah on which "new oceanic types radiometrically dated in the Jurassic­ basement" as extrusion of basalt and intrusion Triassic age range are not "metagabbros". In of basic and ultrabasic rocks and associated fact, Hutchison (1989, p. 54) had earlier referred sediments occurred during the Early Cretaceous. to the same rock samples as "granodiorite and The rock sequences of the Cretaceous "new biotite tonalite". Interestingly, Omang and oceanic basement" known as the Chert-Spilite Barber (1996) also used the word 'spurious' to Formation unconformably overlie the Crystalline describe the pre-Cretaceous ages. They then Basement (Wong and Leong, 1968). assigned a "Neogene" age for igneous intrusive bodies in the Upper Segama area without However, the age and the crustal presenting new data or evidence (see Fig. 1 in composition of the Crystalline Basement are Omang and Barber, 1996). still topics of debate. In the recent 1990-1993 joint project AGE between the Geological Survey of Malaysia, Sabah and the Japan International Co-operation The K:Ar radiometric ages of the Agency - Metal Mining Agency of Japan (JICA), metamorphic rocks are all Cretaceous; however, as part of the detailed mineral investigations two samples of the igneous rocks (tonalite), in Sabah, several igneous rocks samples were and a sample of biotite-rich hornfels in the S. collected and whole rock K:Ar datings were Litog Klikog Kiri area dated 150 and 210 Ma, carried out. Samples from the Crystalline and 160 Ma respectively, that is in the range Basement were dated 158±30 Ma and 210±20 Jurassic-Triassic (Leong, 1974; Table 7). Ma (that is Jurassic-Triassic), similar to the

ISSN 0126-5539 Warta Ge%gi, Vol. 24, No.1, Jan-Feb 1998, pp. 5-8 6 K.M.LEONG ages reported in Leong (1974) (Lim Peng Siong, personal communication, June 1997), From the above discussions, it is clear that there are evidences of continental crustal CRUSTAL COMPOSITION material within the Sabah Crystalline Basement. Tjia (1988) interpreted the Crystalline The limited K:Ar ages also point to Jurassic­ Basement as fragments of pre-Cretaceous Triassic and/or earlier age. However, its consolidated crust, and that the mixture of relationship to the younger Chert-Spilite felsic and mafic constituents of the Basement Formation and associated ultrabasic and basic suggested that it was at a continental margin. intrusions, or the "new oceanic basement" or Tjia (1988) also postulated that the entire East 'ophiolitic basement', are not yet completely Sabah Terrane, which included the Crystalline resolved. The key in the resolution of these Basement to be allochthoneous. Tongkul (1991) intriguing geological questions may lie in a referred to the Crystalline Basement as "older fuller understanding of the acid igneous rocks metamorphosed oceanic basement, with 'rare' of the Sabah Crystalline Basement. These occurrences of acid igneous rocks". Schluter et acid igneous rocks are fairly widespread in the al. (1996, Fig. 19) indicated the presence of Upper Segama area, occurring as large bodies, part of a larger allochthoneous continental note ably in the Dismal Gorge, Danum Gorge fragment (drifted from? Australia) extending and S. Purut areas apart from the Kawag­ into eastern Sabah, with similar continental Litog Klikog Kiri area (Fig. 1). Their relationship material underlying the Cagayan Ridge. to the amphibolites and other metamorphic rocks also need to be studied in more detail. Hutchison (1989) noted the high K:aO content in some of the granitic rocks in the With the improvement of accessibility from Litog Klikog Kiri area, Upper Segama which the Danum Valley Field Station, geologists can supported the hypothesis of a continental now map these acid igneous bodies in more basement. However, Hutchison concluded that, detail and to collect more samples for apart from the samples in the Litog Klikog petrographic studies, chemical analysis, and Kiri area, for other samples "their extremely radiometric age datings. Hopefully the new low potassium values show that they are data will not only increase our understanding genetically related to the ophiolites". It should of the "old basement" but also resolve key be noted that with the exception of one sample, outstanding issues, including the origin of the the results ofchemical analysis of seven tonalite­ alluvial gold in the Upper Segama. granodiorite samples show a range of 1.27 to 2.25 wt. per cent. These potassium values are REFERENCES not low and certainly not 'extremely low' in contrast to the potassium values of eleven HUTCIDSON, C.S., 1988. Stratigraphic-tectonic model samples of amphibolites and metagabbros, which for eastern Borneo. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull 22, range from 0.07 to 0.87 wt. per cent, and to the 135-151. values of ten gabbroic samples HUTCHISON, C.S., 1989. Geological Evolution ofSouth­ (unmetamorphosed) which range from nil to east Asia. Oxford Monographs on geology and 0.52 wt. per cent (see Leong, 1974, tables 5, 6 geophysics, No. 13, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 368 and 28). p. HUTCHISON, C.S., 1997. Tectonic framework of the LATEST DEVELOPMENT Neogene basins ofSa bah. Abstract GSM Petroleum Geology Conference 1997. In the recent GSM Petroleum Geology KIRK, H.J.C., 1964. Igneous rocks of Sabah and Seminar, Hutchison (1997)·presented new pre­ Sarawak. Borneo Reg. Malaysia Geol. Survey Ann. Cretaceous radiometric ages very similar to Report for 1963, 1964, 82-94. those reported by JICA In addition, the presence KIRK, H.J.C., 1968. The igneous rocks ofSarawak and of pre-ophiolitic "continental microcontinents" Sabah. Geol. Survey Borneo Reg. Malaysia, Bull. 5, in Sabah was also mentioned. 210p.

Warta Geo/ogi, Vol. 24, No.1, Jan-Feb 1998 DISTRIBUTION OF CRYSTALLINE BASEMENT, UPPER SEGAMA - DARVEL BAY AREA 5 10 Mnes _! I

Tonalite, granodiorite, minor gran~e , pegmatite, aplite and assocla1ed homfels

~ Gneiss, schist, ~ amphlbolne and meta-igneous rocks

Danum Valley Field Station • (DVFS)

DAAVEL BAY

~ P. Tabewlan p,Bohsyan D o ~ P. SlIumpat ()JP.MaJ

P. BaIJk IWtambu ~ ~ t{TP. BalJk Lsut

Figure 1. Distribution of Crystalline Basement, upper Segama - Darvel Bay area (from Leong, 1974, Fig. 11 with minor additions). 8 K.M. LEONG LEONG, KM., 1974. The Geology and Mineral Resources stratigraphic terranes and detachment faulting of of the Upper Segama Vallay and Darvel Bay area, the South China Sea and Sulu Sea. Marine Geology, Sabah, Malaysia. Geological Survey of Malaysia, 130,39-78. Mem. 4 (Revised), 354 p. TJIA, H.D., 1988. Accretion tectonics in Sabah: OMANG, S.A.K AND BARBER, AJ., 1996. Origin and Kinabalu Suture and East Sabah accreted terrane. tectonic significance of the metamorphic rocks Geol. Soc. Malay. Bull. 22, 237-251. associated with the Darvey Bay Ophiolite, Sabah. TONGKUL, F., 1991. Tectonic evolution of Sabah, In: Hall, R. and Blundell, D.J. (Eds.), Tectonic Malaysia. Journ. ofSEAsia Earth Science, 6(3/4), evolution of Southeast Asia. Geol. Soc. ofLondon, 395-406. Special Publication, 106, 263-279. WONG, N.P.Y. AND LEONG, KM., 1968. Unconformity REINHARD, M. AND WENK, E., 1951. The geology of the between theChert-Spilite Formation and Colony of North Borneo, Brit. Borneo Geological Crystalline Basement around Sungai Agob and Survey, Bull. 1. Sungai Dabalan. Borneo Reg. Malaysia Geol. SCHLUTER,H.U.,HINz,KANDBLOcK,M., 1996. Tectono- Survey, Bull 9, 32-33.

------.~.-~-.~.------Manuscript received 11 December1997

Warta Geologi, Vol. 24, No.1, Jan-Feb 1998 9

~~~~~~C_e_r_a_m~ah~~_e_k_n_ik~(~_e_c_h_n_ic_a_l_Ta_l_k~)~~~~~

Conodonts and mass extinctions in the Phanerozoic D . JEFFREY OVER Laporan (Report) Dr. D. Jeffrey Over ofthe Department of Geological Sciences, State University of New York College at Geneseo, Geneseo, New York 14454, USA, ([email protected]), gave the above talk on Tuesday, 13 January 1998, at the Geology Department, University of Malaya. Abstrak (Abstract) The Frasnian-Famennian boundary that subdivides the Upper Devonian represents one of the five major mass extinctions in the Phanerozoic that mark major changes and turn over in biota. The Frasnian-Famennian extinction is most puzzling because there is no consensus as to the cause for the extinction. The extinction resulted in a major decline in shallow water stromatoporoids, corals, brachiopods, and trilobites. The boundary itself is defined by the abundant occurrence of the conodont Palmatolepis triangularis after the extinction of Frasnian conodont species. Conodonts are the phosphatic tooth-like remains of an extinct eel-like organism of chordate affinities. Conodonts are useful biostratigraphic indicators throughout their range and their color change under increasing thermal and pressure conditions is used to determine hydrocarbon maturation. The Global Stratigraphic Section and Point for the Frasnian-Famennian boundary was recently established in southern France at Coumiac, but like numerous other localities there is a hiatus at the boundary. The highest Frasnain in Europe, North Africa, and N orthAmerica is characterized by two distinct organic-rich intervals called the Kellwasser Events. These dark colored strata correspond to regional benthic anoxia and changes in organic isotope concentrations. In the shale facies of North America the boundary horizon has been recognized in numerous sections to a discrete horizon within essentially conformable strata. Locally in current alignment of orthocone nautiloids and hummocky cross-strata indicate high energy events in the extinction interval, but geochemical and microscopic analysis have not yielded evidence for a bolide impact. Ash layers at the base of the Upper Kellwasser Bed and the boundary horizon suggest volcanism as a factor in the extinction event and are potential zircon sources for accurate dating of the boundary horizon.

D . JEFFREY OVER

Warta Geologi, Vol. 24, No.1, Jan-Feb 1998 12

Tertiary Basins of Peninsular Malaysia and its adjacent offshore areas - Report

The GSM's Sedimentology & Stratigraphy Study Group successfully organised a half-day seminar entitled "Tertiary Basins of Peninsular Malaysia and its adjacent offshore areas". The seminar, which was held on the Saturday, 21st February 1998 at the Department of Geology, University Malaya, was well attended by 40 participants. Six papers on Tertiary deposits of Peninsular Malaysia were presented. Registered participants each received an unedited volume of five full-papers and an extended abstract. Of the six papers presented, three papers were concerned with the Tertiary Batu Arang Beds; the best exposed Cenozoic rocks of Peninsular Malaysia. These were presented by Prof. John Kuna Raj, Dr. Azhar Hj. Hussein and Intan Suhaila and Mustaffa Kamal Shuib and Abdul Hadi Abd. Rahman, all from University Malaya. Results of geophysical studies on the Bukit Arang Tertiary Basin in Perlis were presented by Dr. Lee Chong Yan from Universiti Sains Malaysia. Qalam Azad Roslee and Dr. Teh Guan Hoe, both from University Malaya, reviewed the stratigraphy and structure of the Nenering Tertiary Beds of Hulu . A review paper on Tertiary and possible Tertiary deposits of Peninsular Malaysia by Prof. John Kuna Raj, Abdul Hadi Abd. Rahman and Mustaffa Kamal Shuib nicely rounded up the seminar. It was highlighted during the seminar that there was a noticeable bias on the Tertiary rocks of Batu Arang. This is due to a combination of lack of investigations on other Tertiary rocks, as well as the lack of outcrops. The committee was also hoping to get papers on adjacent offshore areas, especially the Tertiary ofthe Strait of Malacca. Unfortunately, since most of the data is with the oil companies, this was not forthcoming. The committee hopes that specialists who have worked on this data will present them in the near future. The seminar was followed up with a fieldtrip to in Hulu Perak to look at the Nenering Tertiary Beds. Led by Dr. Teh Guan Hoe and Qalam Azad, the group of 12 participants left the Department of Geology, University Malaya at about 2.30 pm in two 4WDs belonging to the Department of Geology, University Malaya, after a tasty meal of packed chicken rice. A noisy, chilly thunderstorm greeted the group on arrival at Lawin. As no fieldwork was possible that day due to the heavy downpour the group headed straight for Grik for the night, arriving at 6.30 pm. Early the next day, the group spent a good early morning fieldwork looking at the Nenering Beds unconformally overlying the tightly folded limestone of the Kroh Formation at km 12 of the Kg. Air Panas-Kg. Lallang road. Samples were collected with the hope to firmly establish the age of the Nenering beds. Next, after getting the necessary clearance from the officer in charge of the troop manning the border road, the participants started looking at the well-lithified conglomerates of the Nenering beds unconformally overlying the Kroh Formation which can be traced across the border into Thailand. A honey collector in the area provided the participants with the right tonic of refreshing, freshly collected honey. The next stop was the less lithified conglomerates of the Nenering beds overlying the tightly folded phyllites of the Kroh Formation. Having seen enough of the Nenering beds, it was time for lunch at Grik. After lunch the group visited the Lawin Tertiary beds to see for themselves the similarities and differences with the Nenering beds. A visit to the picnic spot nearby to cool off in the cold stream waters turned out to be a bonus with the discovery of an important outcrop of the Tertiary beds resting on the Lawin granite. The group headed back for KL around 5 pm, arriving in KL around 9 pm. Abdul Hadi AR & G.H. Teh

Warta Ge%gi, Vol. 24, No.1, Jan-Feb 1998 9

~~~~~~C_e_r_a_Dl~ah__ ~_e_k_n_ik~(~_e_c_h_n_ic_a_l_T_al_k_) ______~~

Conodonts and mass extinctions in the Phanerozoic D. JEFFREY OVER Laporan (Report) Dr. D. Jeffrey Over of the Department of Geological Sciences, State University of New York College at Geneseo, Geneseo, New York 14454, USA, ([email protected]), gave the above talk on Tuesday, 13 January 1998, at the Geology Department, University of Malaya. Abstrak (Abstract) The Frasnian-Famennian boundary that subdivides the Upper Devonian represents one of the five major mass extinctions in the Phanerozoic that mark major changes and turn over in biota. The Frasnian-Famennian extinction is most puzzling because there is no consensus as to the cause for the extinction. The extinction resulted in a major decline in shallow water stromatoporoids, corals, brachiopods, and trilobites. The boundary itself is defined by the abundant occurrence of the conodont Palmatolepis triangularis after the extinction of Frasnian conodont species. Conodonts are the phosphatic tooth-like remains of an extinct eel-like organism of chordate affinities. Conodonts are useful biostratigraphic indicators throughout their range and their color change under increasing thermal and pressure conditions is used to determine hydrocarbon maturation. The Global Stratigraphic Section and Point for the Frasnian-Famennian boundary was recently established in southern France at Coumiac, but like numerous other localities there is a hiatus at the boundary. The highest Frasnain in Europe, North Africa, and North America is characterized by two distinct organic-rich intervals called the Kellwasser Events. These dark colored strata correspond to regional benthic anoxia and changes in organic isotope concentrations. In the shale facies of North America the boundary horizon has been recognized in numerous sections to a discrete horizon within essentially conformable strata. Locally in current alignment of orthocone nautiloids and hummocky cross-strata indicate high energy events in the extinction interval, but geochemical and microscopic analysis have not yielded evidence for a bolide impact. Ash layers at the base ofthe Upper Kellwasser Bed and the boundary horizon suggest volcanism as a factor in the extinction event and are potential zircon sources for accurate dating of the boundary horizon.

D . JEFFREY OVER

Warta Geologi, Vol. 24, No.1 , Jan-Feb 1998 10 Technical Talks by Stephane Ducrocq and Yaowalak Chaimanee Laporan (Report) Prof. Jean-Jacques Jaeger, Dr. Stephane Ducrocq and Dr. Haiyan Buffetant from Montpellier II University, France and Dr. Yaowalak Chaimanee from the Geological Survey Division, Department of Mineral Resources, Thailand, were here on a recent visit to search for mammalian fossils in the Batu Arang Tertiary coal deposits and fissure fillings in limestones around Raub and Ipoh. Many mammalian fossils, especially teeth, have been found in the Tertiary basins and fissure fillings of limestones in Thailand and they would like to extend their search southwards into Peninsular Malaysia to see if such fossils are also found here. We are indeed very fortunate to have Dr. Ducrocq and Dr. Chaimanee share their findings in Thailand with us during their short visit here in their two talks to the Society on the 15 January 1998 at the Geology Department, University of Malaya. C.P. Lee Tertiary mammal faunas from Thailand STEPHANE DUCROCQ Abstrak (Abstract) Intensive survey in continental basins of Thailand has led to the discovery and study of several Tertiary mammalian communities in southern and northern Thailand. The Krabi Basin (South Thailand) has yielded three rich and diversified Paleogene mammalian faunas (Wai Lek, Bang Pu Dam, and Bang Mark) for which a late Eocene age (about 35 My) has been allocated on the basis of their mammal associations and stages of evolution. The Krabi community can be considered a reference community for Southeast Asia because the oldest representatives of several extant families of mammals (hippos, pigs, megabats, colugos, ruminants), and the first undoubtedly remains of anthropoid primates of Southeast Asia have been discovered there. This led to significantly modify several concepts on early mammalian evolution. The cenogram method (whose structure is related to the general environment of a faunal community) has been used in order to tentatively reconstruct the paleoenvironments of southern Thailand during the late Eocene, and this study suggests a forested habitat submitted to an alternance of dry and rainy seasons with quite high temperatures (tropical climate). According to the mammal fossil record, intercontinental exchanges were likely during the Eocene between South Asia and Europe, North Africa and even North America. The northern part of Thailand has so far yielded seven distinct fossiliferous localities of middle Miocene age distributed within five basins. These communities include small to large mammals. All these localities take place in a time span ranging from about 16 to 14 My, and a diachronism has been pointed out among these localities. Mae Long (Li Basin) would be the oldest locality (about 16 My) followed by Had Pu Dai (Lampang Basin), and then Huai Siew and Ban San Klang (both in Pong Basin). Ban Na Sai (Li Basin) and Mae Teep might be contemporaneous with Ban San Klang, and Mae Moh is considered the youngest locality. Paleoenvironmental study suggests that middle Miocene mammalian faunas of northern Thailand seem to have inhabited a quite open environment, with small areas offorests likely intermixed with grasslands, and submitted to a likely monsoonal climate, cooler than that characterized the Eocene. Mammalian faunas ofSo utheast Asia are therefore valuable and precise biostratigraphic tools that allow to accurately date Tertiary basins. They also represent a reference for the better understanding of early mammal evolution. Additional prospection and fossil collecting are therefore obviously needed in order to improve the knowledge of paleoenvironment evolution and the Tertiary chronological scales in Asia.

Warta Geologi, Vol. 24, No.1, Jan-Feb 1998 11 Plio-Pleistocene fossil from caves and fissure fillings of Thailand YAOWALAK CHAIMANEE Abstrak (Abstract) The main objective ofthis work was to contribute to the understanding ofthe evolutionary history ofthe rodents of Thailand during the last 3 million years (Late Pliocene-Pleistocene) and to the knowledge of the environmental changes that occurred in that area. Twenty rodents localities were discovered all over the country, from fissure fillings and from caves, and their content was studied. 41 species were identified, 30 Murinae among which two new genera, Ratchaburimys and Prohadromys, and 7 new species, which are described, and 11 Sciuridae, including 6 flying squirrels. Most fossil species could be identified as belonging to extant species still living in Thailand or in adjacent countries, either in Indochina or in Sundaland. Some important changes in species distributions through time could be demonstrated. As we could use only molar characters for the identification of these fossils, we tested the value of our characters in the light of phylogenetic analysis. Using cladistic analysis, we propose therefore several original phylogenetic relationships between these Southeast Asian fossil and extant rodents. The taxonomic knowledge and the changes in community composition and in species distributions which occurred through time allowed us to build up the frame of a biochronological scale that will allow the date Plio-Pleistocene terrestrial deposits in Southeast Asia by using fossil rodents. A variety of quantitative methods have been used, as multivariate statistical analysis, parsimony analysis method and probabilistic similarity index, tojustify on a more rigorous basis our qualitative interpretations. This relative chronology is tentatively calibrated on the availability of a few absolute ages as UraniumlThorium dates from calcite. Important changes in the composition and in the distribution of species pinpoint to the importance of climatic changes during the Plio­ Pleistocene in Thailand. Until now, only data relative to the Holocene were available from that country. The fossil rodents show that during the Latest Tertiary, there was a significative amount ofgrasslands by comparison to the present day, indicating stronger seasonality. Since that time, climate seem to have become wetter with less seasonality and evergreen forests have become progressively more widespread over the country. In Snake Cave, more than 130,000 years ago, during Late Middle Pleistocene times, the climate was wet and cooler than today, and the rodent composition indicate a downwards shift of at least 1,000 meters in vegetational zones. We relate this development of evergreen forests to the radiation of the genus Rattus, whose species become more and more numerous through the Plio-Pleistocene. Also, the climatic history seems in good agreement with some climatic global models which correlate cooling and increasing humidity through Plio-Pleistocene in Southeast Asia to the uplift of Tibet plateau.

Warta Geologi, Vol. 24, No. 1, Jan-Feb 1998 12

Tertiary Basins of Peninsular Malaysia and its adjacent offshore areas - Report

The GSM's Sedimentology & Stratigraphy Study Group successfully organised a half-day seminar entitled "Tertiary Basins of Peninsular Malaysia and its adjacent offshore areas". The seminar, which was held on the Saturday, 21st February 1998 at the Department of Geology, University Malaya, was well attended by 40 participants. Six papers on Tertiary deposits of Peninsular Malaysia were presented. Registered participants each received an unedited volume of five full-papers and an extended abstract. Of the six papers presented, three papers were concerned with the Tertiary Batu Arang Beds; the best exposed Cenozoic rocks of Peninsular Malaysia. These were presented by Prof. John Kuna Raj, Dr. Azhar Hj. Hussein and Intan Suhaila and Mustaffa Kamal Shuib and Abdul Hadi Abd. Rahman, all from University Malaya. Results of geophysical studies on the Bukit Arang Tertiary Basin in Perlis were presented by Dr. Lee Chong Yan from Universiti Sains Malaysia. Qalam Azad Roslee and Dr. Teh Guan Hoe, both from University Malaya, reviewed the stratigraphy and structure of the Nenering Tertiary Beds of Hulu Perak. A review paper on Tertiary and possible Tertiary deposits of Peninsular Malaysia by Prof. John Kuna Raj, Abdul Hadi Abd. Rahman and Mustaffa Kamal Shuib nicely rounded up the seminar. It was highlighted during the seminar that there was a noticeable bias on the Tertiary rocks of Batu Arang. This is due to a combination oflack of investigations on other Tertiary rocks, as well as the lack of outcrops. The committee was also hoping to get papers on adjacent offshore areas, especially the Tertiary ofthe Strait of Malacca. Unfortunately, since most ofthe data is with the oil companies, this was not forthcoming. The committee hopes that specialists who have worked on this data will present them in the near future. The seminar was followed up with a fieldtrip to Pengkalan Hulu in Hulu Perak to look at the Nenering Tertiary Beds. Led by Dr. Teh Guan Hoe and Qalam Azad, the group of 12 participants left the Department of Geology, University Malaya at about 2.30 pm in two 4WDs belonging to the Department of Geology, University Malaya, after a tasty meal of packed chicken rice. A noisy, chilly thunderstorm greeted the group on arrival at Lawin. As no fieldwork was possible that day due to the heavy downpour the group headed straight for Grik for the night, arriving at 6.30 pm. Early the next day, the group spent a good early morning fieldwork looking at the Nenering Beds unconformally overlying the tightly folded limestone of the Kroh Formation at km 12 of the Kg. Air Panas-Kg. Lallang road. Samples were collected with the hope to firmly establish the age of the Nenering beds. Next, after getting the necessary clearance from the officer in charge of the troop manning the border road, the participants started looking at the well-lithified conglomerates ofthe Nenering beds unconformally overlying the Kroh Formation which can be traced across the border into Thailand. A honey collector in the area provided the participants with the right tonic of refreshing, freshly collected honey. The next stop was the less lithified conglomerates of the Nenering beds overlying the tightly folded phyllites of the Kroh Formation. Having seen enough ofthe Nenering beds, it was time for lunch at Grik. After lunch the group visited the Lawin Tertiary beds to see for themselves the similarities and differences with the Nenering beds. A visit to the picnic spot nearby to cool offin the cold stream waters turned out to be a bonus with the discovery of an important outcrop of the Tertiary beds resting on the Lawin granite. The group headed back for KL around 5 pm, arriving in KL around 9 pm. Abdul Hadi AR & G.H. Teh

Warta Geologi, Vol. 24, No.1, Jan-Feb 1998 Captions to figures

1. The Organising Chairman starting off the Seminar. 8. C.Y. Lee with his Bukit Arang paper. 2-4. Sections of the participants. 9. Abdul Hadi with his joint paper. 5. Azhar receiving momento from Session Chairman C.P. 10. A question for J.K. Raj . Lee . 11 . C.S. Hutchison summing up. 6. Qalam presenting his joint paper. 12. Final words from the Organising Chairman. 7. Tea time at a new location. 13-14. Lunch of packed ch icken rice. Captions to figures 1. Time to stretch (and air) legs at Changkat Jeri ng Interchange. 5. A group photo at a landslide at fault contact between the Nenering deposit and Kroh Formation. 2. At the Nenering outcrop along the Kg. Air Panas - Kg. Lalang Highway. 6. Looking at the extension of the Neneri ng deposit across the border. 3. Abdul Hadi briefing on the manner of deposition. 7-8. Studying the Lawin deposit. 4. Time to examine and di scuss the Nenering outcrop along the Border Road. 9. A last group photo. 15

.'t",··- ,-I .t~ , ';',; ·4y

KEAHLIAN (Membership) ( ~ 0" _.- ._ •• _~ )

The following applications for membership were approved:

Full Members

1. Asiah Mohd Salih 4. Mohamad Nazly Nasir Mohamad Petronas Research & Scientific Services SSP Geotechnics Sdn. Bhd., Level G, Wisma Sdn. Bhd., Lot 3288 & 3289, OffJalanAyer SSP I, Jalan SRB/3, Serdang Raya, Seri Itam, Kawasan Institusi bangi, 43000 Kembangan, Selangor. Kajang. 5. Asiah Mohd Salih 2. Shamsul Nizam Ariffin Petronas Research & Scientific Services No. 12 Jalan 1114F, Off Jalan Universiti, Sdn. Bhd., Lot 3288 & 3289, OffJalanAyer 46200 Petaling J aya. Itam, Kawasan Institusi Bangi, 43000 Kajang. 3. Jusmila Baharom Pernas Charter Management Sdn. Bhd., Tingkat 35, Menara PNB, 20lA, Jalan Tun Razak, 50710 Kuala Lumpur.

Student Members

1. Zainal Abidin Jamaluddin 7. Syed Mohd Rodizan Syed Mohd Zain Jabatan Geologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Jabatan Geologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi. Malaysia, 43600 Bangi. 2. Yusuf Hj. Imbun 8. Ahmad Tarmizi Abdul Ghani Jabatan Geologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Jabatan Geologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi. Malaysia, 43600 Bangi. 3. Bisharuzi Omar 9. YusriRamly Jabatan Geologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Jabatan Geologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi. Malaysia, 43600 Bangi. 4. Mohamed Syahrizal Zakaria 10. Ahmad Suhaimi Osman Jabatan Geologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Jabatan Geologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi. Malaysia, 43600 Bangi. 5. Ashazry Anuar 11. Nur Susila Md Saad Jabatan Geologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Jabatan Geologi, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Malaysia, 43600 Bangi. Kuala Lumpur. 6. Mohd Zaidi Saad 12. Siti Julia Tumpang Jabatan Geologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Jabatan Geologi, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Malaysia, 43600 Bangi. Kuala Lumpur.

Warta Geologi, Vol. 24, No.1, Jan-Feb 1998 16 13. J aineh Lingi 28. Mohd Zaidi Saad J abatan Geologi, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Jabatan Geologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Kuala Lumpur. Malaysia, 43600 Bangi. 14. Danny Hamid 29. Syed Mohd Rodizan Syed Mohd Zain J abatan Geologi, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Jabatan Geologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Kuala Lumpur. Malaysia, 43600 Bangi. 15. Juhari Ismail 30. Ahmad Tarmizi Abdul Ghani J abatan Geologi, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Jabatan Geologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Kuala Lumpur. Malaysia, 43600 Bangi. 16. Azlan Mohamad 31. Yusri Ramly Jabatan Geologi, UniversitiMalaya, 50603 Jabatan Geologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Kuala Lumpur. Malaysia, 43600 Bangi. 17. Azlina Habibullah 32. Ahmad Suhaimi Osman J abatan Geologi, UniversitiMalaya, 50603 Jabatan Geologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Kuala Lumpur. Malaysia, 43600 Bangi. 18. Khairul Hamidi Khalid 33. Nur Susila Md Saad J abatan Geologi, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Jabatan Geologi, UniversitiMalaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur. Kuala Lumpur. 19. Mohd Zaid J aafar 34. Siti Julia Tumpang J abatan Geologi, Universiti Malaya, 50603 J abatan Geologi, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur. Kuala Lumpur. 20. Anura Dason AIL Namadason 35. J aineh Lingi J abatan Geologi, Universiti Malaya, 50603 J abatan Geologi, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur. Kuala Lumpur. 21. Azmi Abu Bakar 36. Danny Hamid Jabatan Geologi, UniversitiMalaya, 50603 Jabatan Geologi, UniversitiMalaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur. Kuala Lumpur. 22. Zamri Baseri 37. J uhari Ismail J abatan Geologi, Universiti Malaya, 50603 J abatan Geologi, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur. Kuala Lumpur. 23. Zainal Abidin J amaluddin 38. Azlan Mohamad Jabatan Geologi, Universiti Kebangsaan J abatan Geologi, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Malaysia, 43600 Bangi. Kuala Lumpur. 24. YusufHj Imbun 39. Azlina Habibullah Jabatan Geologi, Universiti Kebangsaan J abatan Geologi, U niversiti Malaya, 50603 Malaysia, 43600 Bangi. Kuala Lumpur. 25. Bisharuzi Omar 40. Khairul Hamidi Khalid Jabatan Geologi, Universiti Kebangsaan J abatan Geologi, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Malaysia, 43600 Bangi. Kuala Lumpur. 26. Mohamed Syahrizal Zakaria 41. Mohd Zaid Jaafar Jabatan Geologi, Universiti Kebangsaan J abatan Geologi, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Malaysia, 43600 Bangi. Kuala Lumpur. 27. Ashazry Anuar Jabatan Geologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi. a •• CillL\) •• Warta Geologi, Vol. 24, No.1, Jan-Feb 1998 17

PETUKARANALAMAT (Change of Address) ~_'-,;i';;i\:~;::"::_~,~"" __ ,~.:£'~:_-,::,, __ ,x~_-.;:.;zr",f:~ .': .. :~_":",~2="k.:;-"-':--'-':_.':',, _=--,:,&~,-,,-. _-:: "L': ~-. ~7:L <" ,~'--':2:,,":::::-_-_,,- -, ;-~.::?~:_~" :,.,' ,_ ;.:..c:7i.-'k,': -:':',:..._. - -::~~-i~::::i·_-~--:-:-:":"f.C~- _ -:::_

The following members have informed the Society of their new addresses:

1. Melissa Johansson 2. Muhad Saleh Ambok Bolong Schlumberger Geoquest, 8th Floor Rohas 8 Jalan Balau 12, Taman Rinting, 81750 Perkasa, No.8 Jalan Perak, 50450 Kuala Masai, . Lumpur. ------.~..-~~.~.~------

PERTAMBAHANBAHARU PERPUSTAKAAN (New Library Additions) "~;J,". .cL:/·.~ >~~Jw..'£_",-,- -. ~~:~::~'-' _ .-~!-:::£~~c:-:-_ -- - -.;c-","_- .~-. _~-~__ _ _ :4'!'c._~--::5._ ------~ :_.;::-_-:;.,~v-:;: .- ~ ~-.C::::E·~:- __ :,;:::-_,:::~=-

The Society has received the following publications:

1. Annual Report: Chinese Academy of 6. Hart's Petroleum Engineer International, Geological Sciences, 1995. Oct. 1997. 2. Journal of Shijiazhuang, University of 7. Petromin, Dec 1997. Economics, vol. 20, nos. 3 & 4,1997. 8. AAPG Explorer, Jan 1998. 3. Acta Geoscientia Sinica, vol. 18, no. 3 & 9. AAPG Bulletin, vol. 81112,1997. supplementary, 1997. 10. Geoscience, vol. 11, no. 4, 1997. 4. Oklahoma Geology Notes, vol. 57,nos. 1-3, 1997. 11. Earth Science Frontiers, vol. 4, nos. 3 & 4, 1997. 5. Geological Survey of Japan, Bulletin vol. 48, nos. 5-8, 1997. ------.~..-~~.~.~------

Warta Geologi, Vol. 24, No.1, Jan-Feb 1998 Geological Evolution of South-East Asia

CHARLES S. HUTCHISON

GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF MALAYSIA

SPECIAL LOW-PRICED SOFT-COVER EDITION LIMITED STOCK! GET YOUR COpy NOW! Member RM50.00 PRICE: Non-Member : RMIOO.OO Student Member : RM30.00 Cheques, Money Orders or Bank Drafts must accompany all orders. The Hon. Assistant Secretary Orders will be invoiced for postage and bank charges. Orders should be GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF MALAYSIA addressed to: c /o Dept. of Geology, University of Malaya 50603 Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA 19

Le>C:ClI N~vvs

Second crossing opens today

light vehicle plaza, a lorry complex, bus terminals MALAYSIA - SECOND CROSSING and an overnight holding bay. The complex will --, be called the Sultan Abu Bakar Complex and = link Expressway , = JKR Ace." Road also has staff quarters. - Federal Roule 1 The link starts from Kampung Ladang at = North·south Expressway in Johor to Jalan Ahmad ., CI O Complex _ Toll Plaza Ibrahim at in Singapore. • I nt er

Warta Geologi, Vol. 24, No. 1, jlln- Feb 1998 20 RM2b project a catalyst for Malacca The construction of the RM2 billion Pulau The project was launched by Prime Minister Melaka project outside Bandar Hilir, Malacca, Datuk Seri Dr. Mahathir Mohamad in May 1996 will serve as a catalyst for the development of and already, the first of the two islands and a future artificial island projects in the country. RM10 million 300-metre bridge connecting the Being the first artificial island project in island with the mainland have been completed. Malaysia, its success or failure will reflect the The recently-completed 4O-hectare island future of this type of real estate development consists of 1,518 shop-office units, 92 bungalow which utilises the principles of sea reclamation lots, 990 condominium units, 1,012 condotel due to limited land space. units, a jetty centre, commercial and office With Malacca and Kedah lining up to develop complexes. more artificial islands in the near future, the According to Inno-Enhance deputy general Pulau Melaka project is seen as an inMcator for manager ofmarketing, Tan BakHai, 90 per cent this new type of real estate development. ofthe (first) island's shop offices and 20 bungalow The construction of these artifici~ islands lots have been taken up while 30 per cent of the serves a dual purpose. Besides providing a new condotel units have been sold. alternative market in the real estate business Besides this, the first artificial island would due to limited land space and a yield in price, the also boast of a 33-storey five-star hotel with 300 islands could also serve as a barrier to prevent rooms. coastal erosion a factor affecting the Malacca The second 'island' ofalmost 50 hectares will and Kedah coasts seriously. include 1,548 shop office units, 94 bungalow Therefore, both theKedah and Malacca State lots, 3,210 condominium units, service Governments are lobbying for the construction apartments, commercial and office complexes, a of more of these islands due to the benefit in theme park and a recreational park. preventing erosion. Presently, Inno-Enhanceis preparing works For Malacca, the 17 artificial island projects to reclaim 50 hectares of the sea for the spanning from Kuala Linggi to Sungai Rambai construction of the second island. are in the works pending approval from a macro­ Despite the current economic slowdown faced Environmental Impact Assessment study. by the country, it would be interesting to see how A decision is expected to be made soon as the this may have an impact on the development of study was completed last month. these artificial islands. Hence, the importance of the Pulau Melaka Truly, the Pulau Melaka project which is project developed by Inno-Enhance Sdn. Bhd., a expected to take seven years to develop may well subsidiary ofLarut Consolidated Bhd., must not be a marker or an indicator for other similar be undermined. projects in the future. NST,2.1.1998

Miners in Perak weigh prospects of reviving tin mines Miners in Perak are looking at the prospect 1998. of reviving abandoned tin mines in view of the "If the projected consensus is true, many projected increase in the price of tin this year. miners whose mines had been abandoned, would The Perak Chinese Mining Association consider reviving them, "he said, adding however president Chin Lean Choong said a detailed that it would depend on their viability. analysis of the annual world production and He said since July last year, tin price has consumption showed that world demand for tin steadily increased from RM14 per kg to a high of had been outstripping new supply by as much as RM21.13 per kg on Dec 5. 10,000 tonnes a year. Since then, the KL TM price hovered in the He said the general consensus in the world region ofbetweenRM18 per kg andRM20 per kg market was that tin price would move upward in range.

Warta Geologi, Vol. 24, No.1, Jan-Feb 1998 21 "Admittedly, the rise in tin price is entirely was whether there was mining land available. due to the depreciation ofthe ringgit against the Chin said in view ofthe change in scenario it US dollars. » was appropriate for the State Government to "The lower value ofthe ringgit has attracted review its policy of alienating land for mining much foreign interests into the market and it is purposes. widely believed, the exchange rate will eventually It is learnt that the State Government has stabilise and reflects in the tin price at above stopped renewing leases for mining land after RM17 per kg, assuming the supply and demand the drop in the world tin price in 1985 and remain constant at current level, » he said. instead allocated the land to more productive The current world production of tin is about uses such as development and agricultural 215,000 tonnes while demand is estimated at purposes. over 225,000 tonnes. The association also hoped that the National Malaysia's tin production last year was about Mineral Policy would soon be implemented so 5,174 tonnes while demand was in the region of that the mining industry could playa meaningful 5,996 tonnes. role as a supplier of raw material and provide Speaking at the opening of the association's input towards the nation's industrialisation meeting in Ipoh yesterday, he said the sudden process. change of outlook in tin price had rekindled the At present, there are only three dredges, 20 enthusiasm of many miners to pool their gravel pumps, 13 open-cast mines and one resources and management skills to start mining underground mine still in operation in the fortin and other mineral resources in the country country of which one dredge, 11 gravel pumps once again. and six open-cast mines are found in Perak. The only question remaining now, he said, NST,2.1.1998

Shell starts Ops at unmanned oil plaHorm Sabah Shell Petroleum Company Ltd. Oil Terminal (LCOT), passing by Petronas (SSPC) began production from its Kota Kinabalu Carigali's operated Samarang Platform. Field (KNDP-A) - its first unmanned and The statement said the successful start-up remote control oil platform - a month ahead of and production at the Kinabalu Field platform schedule on Dec 25. was amilestone in Shell's long-term commitment The Kinabalu Field, 55 km offshore west­ to the development of hydrocarbon resources in north-west ofLabuan Island was first discovered Sabah. in early 1989 and is a 80:20 joint venture It is equipped with several advanced developed by Sarawak Shell (as operator) and technologies: for example it is unmanned and Petronas Carigali. fully remote controlled from the LCOT and was Its lies in the SB-1 block in a water depth of developed exclusively with horizontal or multi­ 55m. lateral wells. When the first phase of development is Shell general manager for Sabah business completed by the middle of this year, the KNDP­ unit, Campell Keir, said the Kinabalu oil A is expected to produce 40,000 barrels of oil and production would doubled the total net oil output 30 million standard cu ft (mmsct) of gas daily. of Shell in Sabah. It is designed to cater for peaks of 60,000 "Many of the contracts executed were barrels and 42 mmscf daily, Sarawak Shell Bhd/ economies ofscale contracts, part ofPet ron as-led SSPC said in a statement. cost reduction initiative Coral which has resulted The oil and gas produced will be transported in significant cost savings for the project,» he through two 27 km pipelines to Crude said. Star, 2.1.1998

Warta Geologi, Vol. 24, No.1, Jan-Feb 1998 22 Shell appoints another Malaysian to key position The Shell group, in its efforts to transfer Ding, who holds a first-class honours degrees technology and award key management in civil engineering from the University of positions, has another Malaysian in a top position Singapore, joined SSB/SSPC in 1977 as a well­ for its upstream operations. site petroleum engineer when he was 25 years Ding Chung Nyea, 45, a Sarawakian from old. Bintulu, assumed the position of general He was later posted to Shell Intemationale manager for new business development at Petroleum Maatschappij and Shell Expro UK. Sarawak Shell Bhd./Sabah Shell Petroleum Co. Ding returned to SSB/SSPC in 1988 and Ltd. (SSB/SSPC) from dec 1. held several senior posts as head of planning, He took over from Vuc Khac Cung, an economics and liaison department, head of expatriate who has returned to Shell Oil USA for production-sharing contract management and a posting. senior manager for long-term gas supply before As the top man at the business development his present appointment. unit, Ding will be in charge of developing new With its latest "Malaysianisation" effort, six business which is critical for sustainable growth out of nine management position in SSB/SSPC and future profitability. are now being held by Malaysians. His job includes the acquisition of new Out of the total of 962 senior staff positions, business deals, new acreages, handling 842 are being held by Malaysians. The company production-sharing contract extensions and has a total workforce of 1,783 people. finding new opportunities for growth. Star, 2.1.1998

Petroleum resources to last 30 years The country's petroleum resources can only Its director-general Datuk Mohamed Annas meet the national requirement for another 20 to Mohamed Nor said at end oflast year, Malaysia's 30 years. oil reserves stood at 3.9 billion barrels while The national gas reserves can sustain production was 630,000 barrels a day. controlled production for the next 50 to 60 years, The book said the 60% of energy generated said the Electricity and Gas Supply Department in the country used natural gas as fuel, making in its publication, Guide on Efficient Use of it the most important fuel in electricity Electricity for Domestic Appliances. production. Star, 4.1.1998

Shell's new plaHorm producing oil, gas Sabah Shell Petroleum Company Ltd Besides this, it was a breakthrough for Shell (SSPC) yesterday announced it has started to in Malaysia as it was equipped with advanced produce oil and gas from its platform in the technology. Kinabalu field (KNDP-A) near Labuan since '~The field is unmanned and fully remote­ Christmas Day - one month ahead of the controlled from the Labuan Crude Oil Terminal initial schedule. (LCOT). Also, the field is being developed The company said in a statement that the exclusively with horizontal or multi-lateral wells, » successful start-up ofthe platform was a further the petroleum company said. milestone in the company's long-term The Kinabalu field, was discovered in early commitment to developing hydrocarbon 1989 and developed as a joint venture between resources in Sabah. Shell (80 per cent) as operator and Petronas

Warta Ge%gi, Vol. 24, No.1, Jan-Feb 1998 23

Carigali (20 per cent). production would double the total net oil output Campbell Keir, Shell's general manager for of Shell in Sabah. the Sabah business unit, said the Kinabalu oil NST, 6.1.1998

Market rally may spur tin industry revival The rally in the tin price on the Kuala been tapped between 15 and 16 times. Luinpur Tin Market since the end of July 1997 Production of tin-in-concentrate is might give some hope for the revitalisation ofthe anticipated to decline further by 5.3 per cent to tin mining industry. 4,900 tonnes in 1997, against 5,174 tonnes Tin price had been hovering between RM13 produced in 1996, while consumption stands at and RM20 last year compared to between RM14 about 6,000 tonnes per annum. and RM16 in 1996. The industry observer said that if State In 1998, tin price started on a stronger note Governments were willing to give virgin land for as it hovered at the RM20 level and touched its mining purposes then it would be viable for the peak at RM24.68 per kg on Jan 7. miners to extract tin ore deposits from new Dealers attributed the uptrend of the metal mines, thus, increase their production. mainly to the ringgit's depreciation against the On the revitalisation of the tin mining US dollar. industry, he said in terms of cost miners might On the revitalisation oftin mining activities, have to pay more for mining equipment like an industry obsertrer said that "it is viable so water pumps, which are imported, due to the long there are tin ore deposits and virgin lands to depreciation of the ringgit, but he added that at be mined." the end of the day they might get some profit. "However, there are not much virgin land He pointed out that only in Malaysia is tin available for mining right now, " he added. enjoying a good price due to the depreciation of He said as at September 1997, there were 35 the ringgit while on the London Metal Exchange miningunits operating in Malaysia which mainly the price of three-month tin is still below extract low grade tin ore from mines that have US$6,000 (RM26,400) per tonne. NST, 15.1.1998

Perak lifts freeze on mining leases Perak has lifted the freeze on the issuance of "In fact, we collected cess amounting mining leases because of the high price of tin in RM21,651.20 sen from the industry last month. " the world market. "The revenue may be small, but it is a big Last week, the price of tin hit RM23.78 a kg thing for us because it is the first time that we on the Kuala Lumpur Tin Market (KLTM). The managed to collect cess from tin ever since the about-turn began in late September when the downfall of the industry in the 1980's," he said, spot price hit a high of RM18.62 a kg on the adding that the state used to collect RM30 mil KLTM but miners and senior government cess annually. officials were sceptical, arguing that it was a Ramli said ifthe tin price could hover above temporary phenomena brought on by the RM20 per kg; it was a good sign for miners and weakening ringgit. hoped to collect RM5 mil in monthly cess from Speaking to reporters after convening the the sector by issuing 10 more mining leases. weekly exco meeting yesterday, Mentri Besar "Now, there are 18 leases throughout Perak. Tan Sri Ramli Ngah Talib said the increasing We are willing to issue 10 more but activities will price of tin had brought "a glimmer ofhope" for only be allowed in old mining areas," he said. Perak. Ramli said newcomers to the sector must be

Warta Geologi, Vol. 24, No. I, Jan-Feb 1998 24 wary of the risk involved as it would be costly to China which is able to produce tin at a cheaper buy new machinery now. cost. " "Both newcomers and the old players must "World tin stockpile may be inundated by conduct a detailed study, especially on how to supplies from such countries, forcing its price to lower their production cost in view of the go down, " he said. competitiveness of other tin producers such as Star, 15.1.1998

Solution to Klang Valley water woes The problem of taps running dry. in the certain areas within the State. Klang Valley is expected to be alleviated when Once completed, the new system will assist the construction of a new distribution supply the existing ones to cope with the distribution of system is completed by the end of the year. treated water to be produced by the WTP of the Thousands of domestic and industrial Sungai Selangor water supply system Phase 2 consumers in the city and Gombak, and (SSP2). particularly Hulu Klang, will be the first to The SSP2 project was commissioned by the benefit from this RM317 million project, as part Government to Puncak Niaga to meet the of the work involving supply to the two areas is anticipated demand oftreated water by the year scheduled to be completed as early as March. 2000. Undertaken by PuncakNiaga(M) Sdn. Bhd., It will be constructed in two stages at Bukit the partial completion of the work will allow 16 Badong, Selangor, with the first to be ready by million litres per day from the existing water the year end. treatment plant of the Sungai Selangor water Each stage has a production capacity of 475 supply system Phase 1 (SSP1) to be supplied to million litres of treated water a day (mId). the Hulu Klang area in case ofa supply shortage When fully completed in the year 2000, it from the Sungai Langat WTP. will complement Phase One ofthe project, which The company, in a statement to the Kuala also has a similar capacity of 950 mId. Lumpur Stock Exchange yesterday, said it had This total supply of 1,900 mId from SSP1 entered into a turnkey contract for the project and SSP2 will account for two-thirds of the with the Selangor Government on Jan 10. water needs in the Klang Valley and Selangor. The contract was executed pursuant to an Puncak Niaga said with a total treatment earlier letter of award in April last year, issued capacity of more than 3,900 mId, including the by the State Government to Puncak Niaga. present maximum of some 2,500 mId, there Under the contract, the company is to should be enough water up to the year 2005. complete the design and carry out the It added that with the completion ofthe new construction for the distribution supply system distribution supply system and the SSP2, it was catering to areas of Kuala Lumpur, Gombak, envisaged the water problems faced by Petaling Jaya, Hulu Klang and Shah Alam. consumers in Kuala Lumpur andSelangorwould It will see the construction and installation be solved in the long run. of pipelines, reservoirs and pumping stations in NST, 15.1.1998

Some component works on Bakun project to continue The Government is to continue with current AFinance Ministry statement said yesterday work on some components of the Bakun hydro­ that the Government, which has taken over electric dam project such as the river diversion implementation of the project, was aware that a tunnel and relocation of villagers although the number ofcompanies involved, like Ekran Bhd., project has been deferred. had spent some money to provide components

Warta Geo/ogi, Vol. 24, No.1, Jan-Feb 1998 25 and facilities for the project. the Government to undertake a due diligence These included the construction of the river review of the accounts of Bakun Hydroelectric diversion tunnel,jetty and resort, and equipment Corp. Bhd. (BHC) and costs related to the Bakun used especially for the Bakun project. project. Ekran is the single largest shareholder The Government would give due ofBHC. consideration to refunding such costs but The ministry statement also said that Price payments would only be made after accounting Waterhouse had completed its review on the firm Price Waterhouse had verified them, the state of affairs of the Bakun project and that the statement. Government was studying the report. Price Waterhouse had been appointed by Star, 22.1.1998

Gas found in M'sia-Thai joint development area The Malaysia-Thailand Joint Authority 1997 and drilled to a final depth of2,480 m. The (MTJA) yesterday announced that gas had been well was expected to firm up the reserves in the discovered at the Muda-5 appraisal well in the east central block of the Muda field for the first Muda gas field after its contractors in Block B- phase of gas development in Block B-19, the 17 successfully completed drilling and testing statement added. there. MTJA is a statutory body vested with the The contractors are PTTEP International exclusive rights, powers, liberties and privileges Ltd. and Petronas Carigali (JDA) Sdn. Bhd. to explore and exploit petroleum resources in In a statement released in Kuala Lumpur, the JDA under the Malaysia-Thailand Joint MTJA said the field was first discovered by the Acts. Muda-1 well in November 1995 in Block B-17 of The Muda-5 well is located about 33 km the joint development area (JDA). north of the Muda-1 well in Block B-17 of the The Muda-5 well was spudded on Dec 18, JDA. Star, 22.1.1998

Samy Vellu: New highway will not go through varsity The construction of a new highway cutting Highway through the Kampung Kerinchi across Bangsar and Lembah Pantai will not go interchange towards Jalan Bukit Kiara would through Universiti Malaya, said Works Minister pass through UM's Masjid Ar-Rahmah and its Datuk Seri S. Samy Vellu. new law faculty. He said the mosque near the university The newspaper also reported that the would not be demolished as alleged by certain university's senate had opposed the construction quarters. of the highway after taking into consideration "Anyone with a clear mind will not run a the safety of students. highway through the university, and if anyone A letter of complaint was said to have been says the highway is going through the university submitted to the Education Ministry. then he does not know anything about planning. » Samy Vellu said the Economic Planning "The highway will be constructed between Unit had approved the project which would be the university boundary and the mosque. The carried out soon by a private company. mosque or any existing building belonging to the When asked how the project could proceed university will not be affected, »he told reporters as the Government had stopped or deferred yesterday. major projects, he said it had been approved Samy Vellu was commenting on a news earlier by the EPU. report that a six-lane highway from the Federal "The Government wanted projects to be

Warta Geologi, Vol. 24, No.1, Jan-Feb 1998 26 studied carefully to see if there was any foreign In Petaling Jaya, Universiti Malaya public investor interested in carrying out the projects. " relations officer V. T. Ratnam, said the authorities "This project had a foreign investor, "he said, had agreed to identify an alternate route after adding that the private company would also the university's board of directors appealed to ·build a special entrance to the university and the EPU and the Malaysian Highway Authority conduct landscaping along the highway. (MHA). "I do not understand the attitude of our '''We were 'aware of the proposed route ten people. At one point they say the Government is months ago and asked for the original plan to be not doing anything about the traffic problem, reconsidered. " and when we want to do something, they oppose "'We also submitted our proposals for an it. " alternative route," he said. "If everyone objects to construction of He did not disclose what the proposals were. highways in front of their homes, how are we The highway is part of the Skim Penyuraian going to provide facilities to the people," he said. Trafik Kuala Lumpur Barat (Sprint). Samy Vellu said the traffic volume in Lembah "The EPU, MHA and Sprint have met twice Pantai and Bangsar was getting increasingly to discuss possible alternatives. The discussions heavier and the highway was necessary to ease are still underway, but we are confident the the congestion. project will not affect UM," said Ratnam. Star, 24.1.1998

Tin smelting firm closes doors Escoy Smelting Sdn. Bhd., which has been compensation package. planning to relocate operations to Thailand since One source said the workers are generally a few years ago, will finally close its doors end of satisfied with the compensation package which March to some 320 workers. is more than what is stipulated in the collective Sources said the tin ore smelting factory, agreement. sited on a 7.6 ha area inJalan Datuk Keramatin However, State Labour Department director George Town, had about 450 workers until mid Hashim Ariffin and State Industrial Relations last year when news spread that it would close director Ho Yee Seng, when contacted today, and many of the younger workers left. said they have yet to be officially informed by "The factory is not closing down because of Escoy regarding its impending closure. the currency problem," a source stressed, adding Hashim said Penang Joblink, newly set up that the closure is to enable the company to onJan 1 this year, also has to be notified whenever expand its Thai factory in Phuket, where labour a factory retrenches its workers. is cheaper. The Joblink, a labour watch group comprising He said a company, Malaysian Smelting the State Immigration Department, Industrial Corporation in Butterworth, which is short of Relations Department, Labour and Manpower some 40 workers may be able to absorb some of Department, is chaired by State Human Resource those retrenched by Escoy. Committee chairman DatukDr. KangChinSeng. It is learnt that Escoy management held a Escoy, formerly known as Datuk Kramat discussion over the closure yesterday with its in­ Smelting and prior to that as Eastern Smelting, house union representatives as well as was established in 1908. representatives from the National Union of Its parent company is Amalgamated Metal Industrial Mineral Smelting Workers, and they Corporation Private Ltd., London. had agreed on the terms of retrenchment and Star, 28.1.1998

Warta Ge%gi, Vol. 24, No.1, Jan-Feb 1998 27 State pledges to ensure minimum hill-cutting The State Government today gave its Azahar said. assurance that precautions will be taken to He said no applications for such projects had ensure that development projects on hill slopes been received so far. above the 75 metres level will be carried out with The decision to lift the freeze drew an outcry minimum hill-cutting. from public interest groups who had previously State Land Committee chairman Azahar expressed concern over the indiscriminate Ibrahim's statement comes in the wake of mushrooming of high-rise buildings on some apprehension expressed by environmentalists environmentally-sensitive hill slopes on the following the lifting of a 20-year freeze on island. development of land above 75 metres from the They also claimed the decision was against sea level on Penang Island on Jan 1. the guidelines of the Penang Island Structure He also assured that Penang Hill did not Plan gazetted in 1987. come under this ruling and that development on "We have to allow this kind of development, Penang Hill would be determined by the Local owing to the scarcity of land in the State. " Plan which was being finalised and which The tight restrictions include a three-storey included public input. height limitation for six buildings per 0.4 hectare, Azahar said stringent requirements were an Environmental Impact Assessment study to, placed on such hillslope projects. These among other things; determine if the hillslope requirements were aimed at caring for the gradient exceeds 20 degrees. Anythingexceeding environment. 20 degrees will not be accepted. "Applications for such projects also will be Also required is a report indicating the vetted by the State Executive Council. " amount of earth to be removed and when it Up till Jan 1, the State Land Committee and would be deposited, and a drainage system plan. local councils were the approving bodies for On land reclamation, Azahar said Penang development projects. would continue its land reclamation activities "This new procedure will enable the State "as and when necessary". Exco to study each proposed project closely ... , " NST, 29.1.1998

Only time will tell if Kinta Valley would see revival of mining industry The question of whether to open new mines to the weaker ringgit pegged against the US or revive old ones seems to be utmost in the dollar and if that is so, what happens when the minds ofminers and ex-miners alike who, buoyed ringgit starts to make a recovery? Will the tin by the recent increase in tin prices, are itching to price then slide back to its previous low? return to the once bustling industry. The State Government, however, following Many are eager to have another go at the enthusiastic appeals from mining associations faltering industry despite being aware that inPerak, despite its earlier scepticism, has agreed regaining Perak's previous glory as the tin capital to issue mining licences in view of the indication of the world seems almost impossible. of brighter prospects for the industry. Although the prospects of short-term gain Menteri Besar Tan Sri Ram.li Ngah Talib look promising, nobody can say for certain said the State Government would issue at least whether the bright outlook will last or is merely 10 mining licences with priority being given to a flash in the pan. operators who wish to revive abandoned mines Whatever it is, only time will tell ifthe 2,540 and would consider issuing 10 more later. sq km Kinta Valley, which, in its heyday, He also said the State Government which contributed significantly to the State's economy, had completely stppped receiving revenue from will see a revival of the tin mining industry. tin after the collapse ofthe tin price in 1985, had The higher tin prices is basically attributed since last month, collected RM21,651 in revenue

Warla Geologi, Vol. 24, No.1, Jan-Feb 1998 28 from tin. the supply and demand remain at the current The "debate" on whether miners should level. return to their old profession was sparked offby Chin said the fundamentals were changing Perak Chinese Mining Association president for the better with the current world production Chin Lean Choong, who said at the association's of 215,000 tonnes compared with an estimated general meeting recently that miners in Perak consumption of 225,000tonnes. were all fired up at the prospect of a projected He said ifthe projected consensus was true, increase in tin prices this year and many were many ex-miners who have abandoned their mines looking at the possibility of reviving their would consider reviving them. This, however, abandoned mines or open new ones. depended on their viability. He then suggested the State Government "The sudden change in outlook in tin price should review its land alienation policy for mining has rekindled the enthusiasm ofmany miners to activities. After the slump, the State stopped pool their resources and mining management issuing such licences and is embarking on efforts skills to start mining for tin and other mineral to rehabilitate former mining land for farming resources in the country as long as there is and other activities. available mining land. ,. According to Chin, a detailed analysis ofthe However, All Malays Chinese Mining annual production and consumption of tin Association vice-president Datuk Hew See Tong showed that world demand for the commodity had a different view and was against miners had outstripped new supply by as much as reviving old mines. 10,000 tonnes a year. The general consensus in This, according to him, was because the the world market is that tin price will move increase did not reflect the "actual" situation in upward this year. the industry as the recent hike was mainly a Although the collapse ofthe tin industry has result of the depreciation of the ringgit. forced many mines to close down, there are still He said it would cost at least RM500,000 to three dredges, 20 gravel pump, 13 open-cast and open up a mine which was a large investment one underground mines in operation. in the given the current economic situation. country. "While they may be excited with the In 1982, there were 376 mines in the State. unexpected increase, they should not rush into The fact that these mines are still operating, reviving their mines especially when tin mining according to Chin, was due to the demand ofthe is considered a sunset industry. " by-products, namely sand and gravel. His theory was supported by metallurgist He did not deny that the recent depreciation and mineral technologist S. Pakianathan who of the ringgit had pushed up the tin price at the said it would not be viable to revive abandoned Kuala Lumpur Tin Market. mines as it would be difficult to source skilled Since July 1977, tin price had increased mine workers. steadily from RM14 per kg to a high ofRM21.13 He said to revive the mines would mean per kg last month and since then, said Chin, tin renewing most of the workforce which required prices had been hovering at between RM18 per skilled workers, foremen and tractor operators. kg and RM21 per kg at the KLTM. On Tuesday, "We are coming to a stage where demand for a day before Chinese New Year, the price of tin tin is reaching a maximum. Once it reaches that at the KLTM was RM23.26 per kg. point, the price will be constant. But with the It is widely believed, he said, that the slowly depleting world stockpile oftin, perhaps a exchange rate of the US dollar to the ringgit certain number ofmines will need to be opened, ,. would eventually stabilise and this is reflected he said. in the tin price at above RM17 per kg, assuming NST, 30.1.1998

3-storey limit for hill projects in Penang

Development on the state~s hill slopes will be guidelines formulated by the government. limited to three storeys under new construction This is to preserve and protect slope integrity

Warla Geologi, Vol. 24, No. I, Jan-Feb 1998 29 and water catchments in the state. development will have to be approved by the The move, one of several new restrictions state executive council before being assessed by imposed by the state, follows a recent decision to the local government and land office, to ensure lift the 20-year development freeze on hill slopes that the government directly oversees the higher than 75 m above sea level. protection of hill slopes. Commenting on criticisms by The system will also help the exco ensure environmentalists concerned about the ecological "minimum hill cutting" in the state, he added at effects caused by the lifting ofthe freeze, Penang the Gongxi-Raya open house of Chief Minister land committee chairman Azahar Ibrahim said Tan Sri Dr. Koh Tsu Koon at Dewan Sri Pinang that the new requirements would ensure slopes on Wednesday. are protected in order to prevent unfortunate He added that the state has held discussions incidences such as the tragic Highland Towers with professionals such as engineers and the incident in Kuala Lumpur in 1993. Housing Developers Association (HD A) to He said the removal of the freeze, necessary ensure precautions are taken when any due to the acute shortage ofland in Penang, will development on hill slopes is approved. not necessarily pave the way for all forms of development on the state's hill slopes. "The local government authorities will then "Development will be limited to three-storey monitor the new buildings to ensure that they are structures and will only be allowed after a made according to our stipulations, " he added. comprehensive environmental impact assessment Azahar also stressed that the new (EIA) report is approved by the state authorities, " requirements will apply to the zones without he said. any local plans. He said all applications for hill slope Sun, 1.2.1998

Oil, gas industry forecast to grow Malaysia's oil and gas industry will continue 30 more years while the known gas reserves for to expand until the first quarter of the 21st another 60 years, she said. century with increasing demand for the two "Gas is now being supplied directly to commodities. households, for example, in Terengganu," she The technical operations manager of Esso said in an interview. Production Malaysia Incorporated Zaidah The Seligi oil field off Kuala Terengganu Ibrahim said Malaysia's oil and gas reserves was Malaysia's biggest and covered 86 square were in abundant supply and the industry was kilometres from which each day could be pumped very profitable. 300,000 barrels as well as one billion cubic feet The known oil reserves would last for about of gas. NST, 2.2.1998

Beris dam construction to start soon The construction ofthe controversial RM270 "The Drainage and Irrigation Department mil Beris dam will start by the middle of the had already awarded the pre-qualification tender year. for construction of the dam last month. We are State Agriculture and Information now working to relocate affected families from Committee chairman Ahmad Lebai Sudin said the area," he said in an interview. yesterday the structure, covering a 16 sq km Ahmad Lebai said the resettlement area and having a storage capacity ofl02 million programme for the 2,530 people would be handled cubic metres, would take three years to complete. by a special consultancy team from Universiti

Warta Geologi, Vol. 24, No.1, Jan-Feb 1998 30

Malaya. Committee, a pressure group which had opposed He said the Federal Government had earlier the project, in 1993. approved RM45 mil to provide housing for the The residents had demanded RM50,000 affected families. compensation per 0.4 ha compared with the Residents in 13 villages including Kg. Sungai RM24,000 offered by the state. Batang, Kg. Telaga Batu, Kg. Seketul and Kg. Ahmad Lebai said the matter was being Terenas in the Sik district are affected by the studied on a case-by-case basis based on project. recommendations by the Valuation and Property Ahmad Lebai said the first phase of the Services Department. relocation plan would comprise 1,483 houses. The residents wanted to be shifted to the Sg. The Beris dam has been a problem to both Pau area instead ofthe 506 ha site in the Cheba the previous and new administration following forest reserve. the setting up of the Beris Dam Action Star, 6.2.1998

Local ceramics getting popular abroad Local ceramics are getting more popular But it is learnt that the local ceramics abroad following the performance of the ringgit industry is struggling to cope with the higher against the greenback, especially in the United costs of fuel and imported pigments. States. Manufacturers are expected to raise their prices Last year's export volume of ceramics from for the export market by 30 per cent in July. This Perak went up by 10 per cent, up RM5 million is because they have to stick to the contractual over the previous year's export figures ofRM42 prices stipulated under their agreements with million, say industry sources. overseas buyers until the next season. Manufacturers, who attended three ceramics However, the price increase which is already exhibitions in Denver, Chicago and Los Angeles in effect locally, may affect demand overseas, in the United States last month, also say their but it will still not be as expensive as Italian volume of orders for the US, a new market, had pottery which is currently twice the price of been sizeable. Malaysian pots. A local manufacturer Tan Kee Meng, who Malaysian pottery is cheaper than Italian or attended the exhibitions, said this was due to Spanish terracotta pottery and its advantage is the improved quality, colour and variety ofgarden that it is frost free and able to withstand cold pots, ornamental urns and vases for the export temperatures. market. NST,6.2.1998

Penang to review guidelines for hill slope development The Penang State Government will review 75 m and above, includes a three-storey height hill slope development guidelines, including its limitation for six buildings per 0.4 hectare and recent decision to lift the 20-year freeze on an Environmental Impact Assessment study to, development of land 75 m above sea level, if among others, determine ifthe hill slope gradient these cannot control such development. exceeds 20 degrees. Chief Minister Tan Sri Dr. Koh Tsu· Koon Anything exceeding 20 degrees will not be said today the guidelines were to ensure prQper accepted. . control over development on hills and hill slopes "However, we· are prepared to review the in view ofthe fact that Penang island lacked flat guidelines if there are cases where we cannot land. properly control such development," he said at The guidelines for development of hill land his weekly Press conference at Komtar.

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Cheques, Money Orders or Bank Drafts must The Hon. Assistant Secretary accompany all orders. Orders will be invoiced GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF MALAYSIA for postage and bank charges. Orders should ORDERS c/o Dept. of Geology, Uniuersity of Malaya be addressed to: 50603 Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA 35 Koh was commenting on concern expressed proper control, " by environmental groups over the State Koh said the Paya Terubong hills for Government's lifting of the freeze effective Jan example, had been degazetted as hill land "long 1. ago and development had taken place on hills as The Consumers' Association ofPenang said high as 600 ft to 700 ft (180 m to 210 m)" above the decision would allow indiscriminate sea level. mushrooming of high-rise buildings on some Plans had been approved in the past, he environmentally-sensitive hill slopes on the said. island. Koh said since he became Chief Minister, Kohsaid: "The State Government has always some hill land had been degazetted but most of been careful about approving development them were on the mainland and many were well projects on hill land. " below 75 m in height as even hillocks had in the "Even before we lifted the freeze, anyone with past been lumped under hill land. a piece of land was entitled to build at least a Compared to illegal hill cutting and illegal house." farming activities on hill slopes, the extent of "In allowing development on such land, we problems from development on land above 75 m have made the procedures clearer so that there is would be small, he said. NST, 6.2.1998

Kedah Cement gets export permit In view of the softening demand for cement over our competitors such as South Korea, Japan in the country due to the economic slowdown, and Taiwan which export to Singapore but which Kedah Cement Holdings Bhd. (KCHB) has been are far away," he said. given a permit to export the product. Lim said KCHB was looking at exporting And the company is looking at Singapre, 500,000 tonnes to Singapore and was prepared Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Myanmar as its to start shipment immediately once the value target markets. and price of the contract had been confirmed. KCHB chairman Datuk Wira Saleh Sulong "We would like to do more. Ifwe could export said that with many projects deferred as part of more than a million tonnes there, we would be so efforts to address the country's current account happy." deficit, there would be an excess supply ofcement Although Singapore had also been affected for the year. by the slowdown in the region, Lim said, demand "So as much as we are looking at reactivating for cement there was expected to drop by only demand here, it is now important for us to spread 10%. our wings and go for the export business. " This was because even during times of "We have just been given the export permit recession, the Singapore government had last week," he said after the company EGM in pumped a lot of money into construction to keep Kuala Lumpur yesterday. the economy going. KCHB joint managing director Lim Yen Saleh added: "In any case, Singapore imports Haat said the company had a meeting with the all of its cement and even if there was a drop in Cement Association ofSingapore some two weeks demand; it would still be importing. That is why ago to explore the possibility ofexporting cement we are telling them to look at us instead of to the republic. importing from countries located so far away. " "As an Asean country, Singapore should KCHB has a 20% share of the domestic help Malaysia by giving us some priority. " cement market. "Being so close by gives us some advantage Star, 7.2.1998

Warta Geologi, Vol. 24, No. I, Jan-Feb 1998 36 Hoffest spell in country in recent years The hot spell affecting the country is the 3 pm today was 36.5 Celsius. result ofthe Equatorial Cross Flow wind pattern The highest temperature in Petaling Jaya which causes clouds and rain: to occur in the for January was 37.2. southern hemisphere, leaving Malaysia hot and The spokewomansaid thenortheastlywinds dry. were currently blowing clouds away towards the Although the wind pattern is a common southern hemisphere, leading to clear skies condition during the end of the northeast during this period. monsoon, a Meteorological Services Department "We are currently experiencing the end effects spokeswoman said this year's temperatures were of the northeast monsoon which results in dry higher than previous years. and hot weather," she said. On Tuesday and yesterday, temperatures She said rain was expected in April with the reached a record 37.5 degrees Celsius at the intermonsoon season ending the current dry PetaIing Jayameteorological station, the highest spell. this year. Alor Star recorded a high of36 Celsius after "As we are in a tropical country, we cannot go Kuala Lumpur on Tuesday, followed by for long without some rainfall, " she said. at 35 Celsius. Penangrecorded a high The equinox, expected soon with the sun of 33 Celsius. over the equator, would result in hot, dryweather. The maximum recorded in Petaling Jaya at NST, 13.2.1998

Tin can makers hopeful of duty waiver Local tin can makers are optimistic that without the duty would cost about RM2,500. their appeal to be exempted from the 20 per cent Perstima had implemented the new price on duty on imported tinplate will succeed, following Jan 1 to cover the escalating cost. the assurance by the International Trade and The company claimed it has good basis in Industry Ministry to give it fair consideration. doing so as its raw materials - sourced mainly Malaysian Tin Can Manufacturers from Japan which make up about 90 per cent of Association president Datuk Anthony See said the requirement to produce tinplate - become the ministry "needs to do a lot of investigation" more expensive due to the appreciating yen before making the final decision. against the ringgit. "MTCMA representatives met anternational Perstima recorded a group pre-tax loss of Trade andIndustry Minister) Datuk SeriRafidah RM685,000 for the half-year ended Sept 30, Aziz on Jan 12 with regards to the appeal and she 1997, against a pre-tax profit ofRM3.71 million promised to look into it." in the previous corresponding period. "She said her ministry would have to Group turnover was lower at RM171.51 determine how significant is the industry's million from RM178.81 million while after-tax exposure to imported materials." loss was RM519,000 against the after-tax profit MTCMA appealed to the Government to ofRM2.74 million previously. abolish the 20 per cent import duty following "(During the meeting) we also briefedRafidah sole supplier Perusahaan SadurTimahMalaysia about the members' dilemma after Perstima Bhd.'s move to raise its tinplate price by at least decided to raise the price of its products," See 40 per cent. said in a telephone interview. The duty exemption would allow MTCMA's "She was very supportive ... she was upset 31 members to source for cheaper tinplate that Perstima did not consult the ministry on its overseas. intention to raise the price. " The price oftinplate sold by Perstima now is He noted that the Minister also agreed to about RM3,100 per tonne against RM2,200 per meet MTCMA representatives for further tonne previously, while imported tinplate discussion, adding that the association was likely

Warta Geologi, Vol. 24, No.1, Jan-Feb 1998 37 to meet her again "within this week or next See said consumers were now paying RM2 week". more for a 1.5 kg tin of Milo chocolate beverage. Following the new price charged by Perstima, Despite the deadlock in the previous See sand MTCMAmembers had no choice but to negotiations between MTCMA and Perstima charge packers the new price. over the price issue, See was optimistic following The outcome was the increase in prices of the latest development in the company. can-based end-products by packers. NST,16.2.1998

Eco-tourism plan for Maliau Basin A comprehensive management plan is being Awang Mohdar said there were no plans to drawn for the Maliau Basin in efforts to promote declare Maliau Basin off-limits to tourists but the area for research, education and eco-tourism. various considerations had to be made including The management plan, being worked out by the difficulty ofthe terrain and limited emergency Yayasan Sabah and other relevant government facilities. agencies, is aimed at ensuring that proper studies "Safety and security of the visitors are of are done before any major activities including paramount importance to us, " he added. eco-tourism is carried out at the Maliau Basin. He said the Maliau Basin, which was far Yayasan Sabah's Innoprise Corporation Sdn. more remote then the Kinabalu National Park, Bhd. group manager Awang Mohdar Hamzani would play a vital role in eco-tourism and said the management plan would take about environmental education. three years to complete. "However, given the remoteness, The plan was necessary to avoid any ad hoc inaccessibility, uniqueness and fragility of the or uncontrolled development at the basin, he area, it is essential that a thorough ecological added. assessment be made of the basin along with its "They should be based on sound and strengths and weaknesses in terms of sustainable management principles including opportunities and threats from development," long-term planning and detailed baseline he added. research, " he said. He said only 10% to 20% ofthe Maliau Basin The Maliau Basin, in the lower had been explored and very little was known Kinabatangan region near Sandakan, reportedly about the river systems and natural habitat. rich with coal reserves, was recently made a "The challenge is to combine research, first-class forest reserve along with Danum education and eco-tourism with conservation of Valley Field Centre which is managed by the environment itself for mutual benefit," he Yayasan Sabah. added. Star, 16.2.1998 iRA Mining strikes gold at Selinsing project in Pahang TRA Mining (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd., a gold surface". prospector, announced yesterday that it had He said a feasibility study received by TRA struck gold at its Selinsing project near Kampung Mining's parent company, Australian publicly Sungai Koyan in Lipis, Pahang. listed Target Mining Corporation Limited, had In a statement in Kuala Lumpur, TRA shown open pit mining at a depth of about 100 executive director Peter Carter said assays from m was possible. drilling samples obtained in November and The open pit was expected to have an initial December 1997, revealed "impressive results life of five years and produce about 38,000 including an intersection of three metres at 538 ounces per annum for an average cash cost of g/t of gold from a depth of only 27 metres below US$165 (RM630.30) per ounce.

Warta Geologi, Vol. 24, No.1, Jan-Feb 1998 38 "The companies rounding the exploration constructed, " he said. interest were expected to provide additional gold Carter said financing options were being resources, thereby extending the life ofthe project, studied to allow a final feasibility study to be for the modern 550,000 tonnes per annum gold completed by June 1998. "It is possible that processing plant which was expected to be development ofthe mine could start in late 1998, " he said. NST, 18.2.1998

Petronas Carigali scores with twin-well technology Petronas Carigali Sdn. Bhd. (PCSB) has of two wells instead of one under conventional achieved another breakthrough in drilling design from a single bore. technology with the design and construction of a The Tukau twin-well was different from twin-well in its Sarawak operations. other twin-wells in that it was more compact and PCSB, the exploration, development and innovative which allow for three production production arm ofnational oil company Petroliam strings, believed to be the first of its kind in the Nasional Bhd. (Petronas), said the twin-well world, the statement added. technology was expected to reduce development Plans are now in the pipeline to merge the costs by at least 20%. twin-well technology with the trilateral well The new technology secured by PCSB was technology developed by PCSB in 1996, to enable driven by the need to source for more oil at lower the construction offour wells from a single bore. cost, in line with the company's efforts to add This would result in improved project value to its assets, said a PCSB statement profitability and make future developments of yesterday. smaller fields more viable because the combined The twin-well technology, the first of its technologies would reduce the number of wells kind in the country, is being applied in the and the size of platforms required. Tukaufield offSarawak and involves the drilling Star, 20.2.1998

Weaker ringgit pushes up price of tinplate Perusahaan Sadur Timah Malaysia Bhd. Perstima's cost exposure to the currency (Perstima) had to increase the price of tinplate fluctuation is around 92 per cent. It has to by 40 per cent in January because of a weaker import all basic plat material, major processing ringgit, said its executive chairman Datuk chemicals and specialised machinery. Moehamad Izat Emir. Also, local tin is traded in US dollars. The price increase was necessary to cover Izat said Perstima would endeavour to sell losses, he said, adding that Perstima had its tinplate at competitive prices at regional and absorbed losses in full during the July-December international markets. period last year. In this regard, it will make regular reviews In fact, he said, the company still had to of material procurement and negotiate with absorb a remaining eight per cent as a result of international suppliers in an effort to lower its increasing costs. . manufacturing costs. NST,21.2.1998

Warta Geologi, Vol. 24, No. 1, Jan-Feb 1998 39 Fixed prices for bottled water The Domestic Trade and Consumer Affairs higher than the recommended retail price (RRP) Ministry announced yesterday fixed retail prices would be charged under the Trade Description for bottled mineral and drinking water to put a Act 1972. stop to excessive profiteering by retailers. Under the Act, the offender could be fined It set the retail price for mineral water at not more than RM100,000 or jailed three years, RM1.20 for a 0.5 litre bottle and RM2.20 for 1.5 or both, for the first offence. litres. The penalty would be doubled for every For drinking water, which included distilled subsequent offence. water, the price was set at RM1 for a 0.5 litre However, Subramaniam said the prices were bottle and RM2 for 1.5 litres. only applicable to normal retail outlets such as The prices would take effect on Ma) 30. supermarkets, sundry shops and convenience In announcing this, Deputy Minister Datuk stores but did not include entertaim'nent outlets, S. Subramaniam said the prices were reasonable. hotels or places which provided services. "We decided on these prices after discassions He said a three-month grace period would be between the ministry and those in the industry, " given to the manufacturers and distributors to he said. clear stocks and display the RRP label on new "The prices were fixed after taking into stocks. consideration the costs and profit margin and Subramaniam said that after a thorough the interests of all parties concerned. " study, the ministry decided to do away with the "Therefore, retailers must sell (the bottled distributors price labelling as it was more water) at that price, ifnot lower, "he told a press convenient for the public to use the RRP as a conference at the ministry here. yardstick. . . Subramaniam said those caught selling Star, 24.2.1998

Corporatised universities will not be profit-driven, says Najib Local universities will not become profit­ is to empower the universities to become more driven after corporatisation but will continue to dynamic and efficient institutions. " uphold the principle of academic excellence. "However, the true aim of any university Education Minister Datuk Seri N ajib Tun should still be the attainment of educational Razak said corporatisation should not be idealism and these institutions cannot ignore misconstrued as wanting to make profits because quality in their services," he said. it dealt purely with the governance of the Speaking at the ground-breaking ceremony university. for Universiti Teknologi Malaysia's new student "Some parties liken corporatisation to hostels here yesterday, Najib said idealism was privatisation but this is inaccurate as still lacking in local universities, which tended corporatisation deals purely with the governance to concentrate on science and technological and has nothing to do with profit-making. " education. "Further, the corporatisation ofgovernance Star, 25.2.1998

Petronas signs two production sharing contracts with US firm Petroliam National Bhd. (Petronas) has exploration and production oftwo blocks located signed two production sharing contracts (PSCs) offshore Terengganu and Sarawak. with US-based Amerada Hess Corp. for the The PSCs, which also included Petronas

Warta Geologi, Vol. 24, No.1, Jan-Feb 1998 40 exploration arm Petronas Carigali Sdn. Bhd. Province offshore Sarawak. (PCSB) sees Amerada Hess holding 70% and Amerada Hess would acquire and process 80% interests in block PM304 and block SK306 2,000 line-km of2D and 100 sq km of3D seismic respectively, with PCSB holding the balance data and reprocess 2,000 line-km of old seismic 30% and 20% in these blocks. . data under this block. The agreement signed in Kuala Lumpur Two firm wildcat wells would also be drilled yesterday marked the entry'of Amerada Hess and the company would undertake studies to into Malaysia's upstream oil activities after it provide a regional framework to define the decided to expand into this region five years ago. petroleum systems within the block. Amerada Hess will be the operator ofboth blocks. Its total commitment to this block is US$12 Petronas president and chiefexecutive officer mil. Tan Sri Hassan Marican said worldwide Amerada Hess president and chiefoperatmg experience of Amerada Hess and its proven officer Sam Laidlaw said the company's first capability to bring on-stream oil fields ofdifferent objective would be to get on with exploration sizes in the North Sea augured well for the works on the two blocks. company to apply successfully its technological "We plan to shoot 3D seismic date in June innovation and expertise to these two blocks. and would start drilling the wells next year, " "With this, we now have eight PSCs signed Laidlaw said. since the revenue over cost concept was introduced He said that longer term aims would be to in 1997 to further promote exploration activities seek additional oil exploration and production in the country, " Hassan said during the signing opportunities in the country. of the agreements. Both blocks have had small oil discoveries Under block PM304, which covers 10,200 sq under previous PSCs and those earlier operators km, Amerada Hess would acquire and process have since relinquished their roles. 2,000 line-km of new 2D and 50 sq km of new 3D On the direction of world oil prices, Laidlaw seismic data and also reprocess 3,000 line-km of said it would probably remain soft for sometime old 2D and 100 sq km of.old 3D seismic data. as the market had weakened due to a fall in Amerada Hess would also be required to world demand. drill one wildcat well and two exploration wells "Low oil prices are probably going to be with to a minimum aggregate depth of 5,500 metres. us for a little while due to an unusually warm Its minimum financial commitment to this block winter and more supply expected when Iraq is US$12.9 mil. starts to produce larger volumes, " Laidlaw said. Block SK306, which covers 4,400 sq km, is Amerada Hess is one of the world's leading located between the gas-rich Central Luconia oil and gas companies with annual sales ofUS$9 Province and the oil producing Balingian bil and interests in 14 countries. Star, 24.2.1998

Palm oil and tin regaining lead roles Malaysia's palm oil and tin are in the This gloomy scenario came on the heels of limelight again, enjoying starring roles again in the floor price crash at the London Metal the nation's economy and shoring up export Exchange when the price of tin touched a heady revenue with their bullish prices. RM29.15/kg in October 1985. Plummeting commodity prices led to a Optimally, the tin price should be above slowdown in Malaysia's economic growth in the RM19/kg for tin producers to enjoy a certain mid-80s, prompting Malaysia to diversify into profit margin. manufacturing and other economic activities. Primary Industries Minister Datuk Seri Dr. Tin has also regained its lustre oflate. In the Lim Keng Yaik is understandably pleased with last few weeks, it has been trading between the bumper prices, but he tempers this with RM20lkg and RM221k.g, a far cry from the caution in commenting on producers' wish to re­ depressing prices ofbetweenRM11/kg andRM16/ start mines as well as on the palm oil situation. kg since the early 90s. Although the tin industry has bounced back

Warta Geologi, Vol. 24, No.1, Jan-Feb 1998 41 to life recently, the rise in price is mainly a result be lower which will also translate into better of the weakening ringgit. As such, he says, profitability. miners will have to be very careful about re­ As revitalising of the tin industry is an starting mines. investment on the part ofn1iners, it is best left to They will have to study whether there are the private sector. Of course, the public sector grounds with "good enough" grades. TheMinister has its role to play, too, for bullish tin prices remarks that it is more a matter of good grade mean a boost in revenue for State coffers. grounds and not so much about efficiency and Says Ajib: "We need support from the productivity. Government in the form ofnew leases or renewal "Miners must be prepared for the price to of leases for old areas. " drop below RM20 / kg or say, even below RM15/ As for the tin industry, demand for tin is kg, and they should be prepared to hold, otherwise steadily increasing. The revival oftinplate usage they may not find it worth their while, " Dr. Lim and new uses found for tin in the chemicals says. industry and in soldering, for example, have Datuk Ajib Anuar, chief executive officer of contributed to this. Malaysia Smelting Corporation, a member of Malaysia's consumption oftin is about 6,000 the Malaysia Mining Corporation group, believes tonnes while production amounts to some 5,000 selectivity is the key to opening up new mines. tonnes. The shortfall will have to be imported to This is a matter ofdollars and sense. Miners meet demand. prepared to invest in such a venture have to take Muhammad Nor Muhammad, executive into account the cost which will also be based on director of the Malaysian Chamber of Mines, the viability of re-working old areas. says the chamber is essentially studying how it There are some mines which can be can re-activate and supply domestic revitalised, and, because of the nature of the requirements, increase production, cut imports, deposits left, are bettermined using gravel pumps add value to local products and attract more and not dredges. foreign exchange earnings. To revitalise tin mining, another option is While prevailing prices for tin and palm oil for State Governments concerned to make remain attractive, their long-term appeal will available new land for mining purposes. Ifgood depend on the demand for these commodities grade ores are available, the production cost will and new uses found for them. NST,26.2.1998

Path makes for easier trek into cave Anew 1 km-Iongconcrete footpath has made public while the rest would be opened later. Gua Tempurung's limestone formations more "The pathway is similar to the one in the accessible to visitors. Jenolan caves in New South Wales, Australia, " A pregnant woman, various animals, a he said, adding that it took nine months to cascading waterfall, all rendered in stone by complete. Mother Nature, can now be viewed from Tan said Gua Tempurung was sure to leave platforms strategically placed along the RM3 visitors gaping in wonder at the strange shapes mil walkway. of the stalactites and stalagmites. Previously, intrepid cave explorers had to "One of the more distinguished shapes is an wade along a small river running through the elephant's head with its trunk protruding from subterranean cave. the cave wall, " he added. Project manager David Tan Suan Hoong of Tour supervisor Daniel Khalidi, 55, said the Heritage Acres, the company which built the limestone formations resembled a dolphin, metre-wide pathway, said visitors could view panda, and a pig. the formations from 10 raised platforms inside And at another spot, there is a pregnant the cave which had been lit up. woman and a face .ofthe Buddha. Five of the 10 platforms are open to the Khalidi also said relics left behind by

Warta Geologi, Vol. 24, No.1, Jan-Feb 1998 42 members of the defunct Communist Party of CPM faction and can accommodate about 200 Malaya (CPM), such as tunnels dug to extract people at anyone time, and their sleeping holes. tin ore and utensils like spades, sickles and iron Several metres away there is a wind tunnel rods, could be seen. where tired visitors can catch a cool breeze while On the third platform, which is about 300 m watching dripping waters run down like a high, he said there were wall drawings of Rolls­ waterfall. Royce cars and anti-Japanese slogans written in "Nobody knows where the wind comes from. Chinese, one of which read "The Japanese are There are no holes or other caves here," said too strong. We must be united to chase them Khalidi. away from Malaya." The wonders of the cave, about 25 km from There is also a large dome-shaped cavern here, promise thrill excitement for the more which is said to have been a meeting place ofthe adventurous, he added. Star, 27.2.1998

Chance for tin mining to revive glory days Malaysia's tin reserves are the third largest Tin is an essential and environmental­ in the world, thus giving the country an friendly metal required for semi-processed or opportunity to cash in on the metal should prices finished products. remain attractive. Malaysia has been consuming increasing According to studies by the Malaysian amounts of tin in recent years and, with the Geological Survey Department and the United drive towards industrialisation under Vision States Geological Survey, Malaysia has a 2020, more tin will be required in the years ahead. substantial amount of tin which could be "Without any appreciable increase in economically exploited. domestic tin production, Malaysia will have to However, the current state of the local tin continue to import the metal, resulting in heavy industry, once a thriving industry, is only a foreign exchange outflow, " said Shukor. shadow of what it used to be. Commenting on the revitalisation of mines, Malaysia supplied the world with over 75,000 he said the cost to re-operate tin mines would tonnes per year at the height of the tin industry very greatly and depend on the type and in the early 1970's. conditions of the mines. Today, the production is less than 6,000 "To revive a dredge, it could cost RM1 tonnes per year from 35 tin mines nationwide million, " he said. which is not even sufficient for domestic needs. Meanwhile, State Mines Department However, interest in the industry has been director for the north zone, Abdul Rahman Rafek revived with the increase of tin prices on the said the overall trend in current mining activities Kuala Lumpur Tin Market recently. was very negative. "KLTM prices have been hovering at rather In 1996 in Perak, there were no applications high levels not seen since 1989." for tin prospecting compared to 134 applications "This has certainly awakened many of us in 1986 and 242 applications in 1976. and many have also asked ifthe good old days of There were only four applications for mining tin are returning, " said Malaysian Chamber of land in 1996 compared to 120 in 1976. Mines president Shukor Shahar at a seminar on "Competition for land, especially around the "The Revitalisation of the Malaysian Tin major built-up areas of the Kinta Valley is quite Industry" in Ipoh yesterday. severe and development ofindustrial parks and He said this encouraging factor should spur other industries reduces the availability of land efforts to respond to the Prime Minister's call to for mining. " return to basics. Rahman said State policy currently only "The revitalisation ofthe tin industry can be allowed for the renewal of mining leases which part ofthe short and long-term strategies towards are being actively mined. helping revive the country's economy, "he added. NST,27.2.1998

Warta Geologi, Vol. 24, No.1, Jan-Feb 1998 43 World consumption expected to grow World tin consumption is expected to grow "Given the size of China, it will not be in the next 10 years at a compounded rate of2.5 surprising if Chinese consumption equals or per cent on average with more consumption in even overtakes that of US, which is now the developing countries. largest tin consuming country, in the next one or The matured or fully industrialised two decades, " he said. economies such as the United States, Japan and In comparison, the global tin mining industry Western Europe will have lower consumption has undergone tremendous change in recent growth rates at only one per cent per annum. years. Similarly, less dynamic regions such as Malaysia and Thailand, once the world's top Russia, Eastern Europe and Africa can also producers now only contribute a small expect low growth, said Malaysia Smelting percentage, replaced by China and Indonesia Corporation Bhd. general manager (commercial) while Peru is fast becoming a major force. Ong Kee Beng. Nevertheless, Asia still remains the most Presenting a paper at a seminar organised important tin producing region in the world with by the Malaysian Chamber of Mines on "The China and Indonesia alone accounting for more Revitalisation of The Malaysian Tin Industry" than halfofthe world's total tin production, said in Ipoh yesterday, Ong said consumption oftin Ong. has been showing encouraging signs of recovery World production oftin began declining from in recent years. 1982 to 1986 but started rising again in 1987, "Use oftin in solder has been growing steadily, reaching a peak of231,000 tonnes metal content especially in the fast developing countries of in 1989. Asia, "he said, adding that this had propelled the However, the tin slump following that saw solder industry to the top end-user position, production hitting a low of 176,000 tonnes of tin accounting for 31 per cent of world tin metal content in 1992, a 24 per cent drop from its consumption. 1989 peak, after which it started increasing Meanwhile, even in tinplate, where the metal again from 1993. has been losing out to aluminium and other Overall, said Ong, world tin production is packaging materials, prospects have been expected to increase at a gradual pace over the improving. next 10 years. Aside from tin mines, the metal Ong said tinplate now enjoyed a cost is available from the Defence Logistics Agency advantage over aluminium and is forcing (DLA) ofthe US which still holds 110,000 tonnes canmakers and their customers to consider of stockpiled tin. switching from aluminium back to tin. Although these stocks are mainly old brands "This resurgence of tinplate can have a which do not meet current market standards, it significant impact on world tin consumption," can be sold at discounted prices. Ongadded. Meanwhile, global tin recycling from scraps China, where current consumption oftin per and residues supplies some 10,000 tonnes per capita is only a fraction of that in the year. industrialised world, has great growth potential. NST, 27.2.1998

Warta Geologi, Vol. 24, No.1, Jan-Feb 1998 44

OSEA98 The 12th Offshore South East Asia Conference & Exhibition Deepwater Prospecting for Oil & Gas in Asia-Pacific Region

1 --4 :IJ~ 1998 Singapore Suntee Centre

he Asia-Pacific region has seen, in recent location serves the Asia Pacific as the main T months, a steady increase in exploration banking and business hub. Often used to pioneer activities. Deepwater acreage in Southeast Asia entry into new developing markets of ASEAN, alone has reached 199,086 square kilometres Singapore is a base for many conglomerates and with an increase in the number of countries that businesses trying to gain a foothold in this region. are producing oil and/or gas from offshore waters. This makes her an ideal backdrop for OSEA98. This is a remarkable advance from the old days when traditionally exploration was done mainly The Venue by Malaysia, , Indonesia, India andJapan. OSEA98 will be held at the Singapore Today, China, the Philippines, Thailand and Suntec Centre - Singapore's most established Vietnam have joined their ranks. facility for the exhibition and convention centre. Technological advancements in 3D seismic, This world-class exhibition and convention extended reach-drilling, sub-sea completions, complex comes equipped with state-of-the-art FPSO and minimal facilities platforms are in facilities and amenities. It has played host to demand as exploration heads towards hitherto many internationally acclaimed events. In unexplored deeper waters. New discoveries in addition, its proximity to the central business deepwater areas around the region include the district and several deluxe hotels make it an Timor Gap in Indonesia/Australia (about 850 ideal exhibition centre. m), in the Philippines, and Linhua 11-1 (about 362 m) indicate that deepwater exploration has The Organiser gone to depths never before explored. The latest OSEA98 is organised by Singapore discovery by the Atlantic Richfield Co (ARCO) Exhibition Services Pte. Ltd. (SES), the longest off Irian Jaya is estimated to be about thirteen and leading exhibition organiser in Singapore. trillion cubic feet of natural gas. SES is part of The Montgomery Network of There is an increasing need for advanced exhibition organisers with offices in more than seismic imaging and other methods of probing 30 countries worldwide. EstablisJtcd since 1895, the deep more effectively. Many national oil the Network holds more than 200 exhibitions companies are moving into overseas activities worldwide regularly. SES has built up a and expanding beyond their traditional areas of comprehensive portfolio of more than 30 trade influence. Increasingly, Indonesia, Malaysia shows, each a recognised premium event for its and India are encouraging exploration into respective industry. greater depths by offering better production sharing contracts and concessionary contractual Further Information terms to investors. Mr. Victor Wong Singapore Exhibition Services Pte. Ltd. Destination 1998 - Singapore 2 Handy Road, #15-09 Cathay Building OSEA98 is held in Singapore, the region's Singapore 229233 most technologically advanced international Tel: 653384747 exhibition and convention centre. Her strategic Fax: 65 339 5651

Warta Ge%gi, Vol. 24, No.1, Jan-Feb 1998 45 1- PETEX 98 Scaling the Peaks 1-3 December 1998 Business Design Centre, London The UK's Leading International Conference and Exhibition

General Information geochemistry, geodynamics, rock physics and reservoir engineering are welcomed. This is the sixth in the series of PETEX conferences and exhibitions organised by the For the North Sea Fields Update papers Petroleum Exploration Society of Great Britain which emphasise how advanced technologies (PESGB). PETEX originated in 1987, at the and new geological concepts have assisted in the request ofPESGB members and has gradually discovery and development of new fields and evolved into the largest UK explorationl improved the understanding of existing fields production event both in terms ofthe number of are encouraged. Case histories which illustrate exhibitors and delegates. Yet the original concept the construction of 'state-of-the-art' reservoir of PETEX remains - this is an event anyone models and their implication on predicted and can afford to attend and benefit from - it is low­ actual field performance will be given preference. cost and value for money. Contributions on International exploration Conference in the Atlantic margins - both North and PETEX 98 will be held in conjunction with South - and the challenges in the deep water the Geological Society's Petroleum Group North areas offshore West Africa and in the Gulf of Sea Fields conference. Thus, in addition to a Mexico are requested. Submissions on other technical program which reflects the changing areas such as the Caspian Sea or Western emphasis within the industry, examines the Australia are also encouraged. benefits of applying new techniques and All potential contributors are requested to highlights international exploration challenges, submit an abstract, comprising no more than there will be an update on the geological and 250 words, to the PESGB office before 28 March geophysical characteristics of the oil and gas 1998. The authors ofthose presentations selected fields from all areas of the UK and Norwegian by the Technical Committee will be asked to continental shelves. submit an extended abstract for inclusion in the In recognition ofthe importance with which Conference proceedings. The details ofthe format the oil and gas industry regards environmental ofthis extended abstract will be provided later. issues, contributions on how the industry is In addition to the oral presentations poster taking proactive measures to ensure minimum papers will also be included in the Technical environmental disruption are encouraged. It is program. planned that speakers from environmental NGO General Information and academic institutions will be invited to participate in the conference to promote dialogue Contact the and exchange ofideas. Additionally, submissions on renewable and alternative energy sources PETEXIPETEX Office are requested. 2nd floor 17/18 Dover Street Presentations on a wide range of applied London WIX 3PB techniques including innovative geophysical Telephone: 0171 495 6800 or 5800 acquisition and processing methods, sub-basalt Fax: 0171 495 7808 exploration, 4D techniques, multi-component E-mail: [email protected] marine seismic, organic and inorganic Website: http://www.pesgb.org.uk

I Warta Ge%gi, Vol. 24, No.1 , Jan-Feb 1998 46

Second Circular International Symposium SHALLOW TETHYS (ST) s

1-5 February, 1999 cIIoJieJ IN, The Department of Geological Sciences Faculty of Science Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai Thailand

OBJECTIVE The Symposium subjects are stratigraphy, paleontology, paleoecology, biogeography, and tectonic evolution concerning the Tethys Sea from Late Paleozoic through Cenozoic time. Both oral and poster sessions will be held. There will be four days of oral technical presentations, a pre­ symposium field excursion, and a mid-symposium field excursion. The symposium will also include a workshop ofthe IGCP Permian Research Group. DATE,VENUE,LANGUAGE Symposium 1-5 February 1999 Place Chiang Mai Phucome Hotel, Language English will be the official language for all presentations Excursion Pre-symposium field excursion 29-31 January, 1999 Mid-symposium field excursion - 3 February, 1999 TECHNICAL PROGRAM The four-day technical program will include technical papers from representative key persons. The oral and posters sessions will include contributions in the fields of stratigraphy, paleontology, paleoecology, biogeography, and tectonics. Abstract for both oral presentations and posters should be limited to between 300 and 500 words and should be sent direct to the symposium secretary. FIELD EXCURSION A three-day pre-symposium field excursion concerning the shallow Tethys of Northern Thailand will be conducted during 29-31 January, 1999. Marine Carboniferous, Permian, Triassic, and Jurassic deposits in Lampang, Phrae, Tak, and Mae Sod will be visited and discussed. The historic importance ofSukhothai and the ruby and sapphire market at Mae Sod will be highlighted in complementary to the beautiful scenery along the highways from Chiang Mai to Lampang, Denchai, Sukhothai, Tak, and Mae Sod. Overnight stops will be made in sukhothai and Mae Sod. A one-day mid-symposium field excursion will be conducted on 3 February, 1999. Early Mesozoic-Late Paleozoic outcrops on the road from Chiang Mai to Fang will be examined. LEADERS • Benjavun Ratanasthien • Sampan Singharajwarapan • Chongpan Chonglakmanee

Warta Geologi, Vol. 24, No.1, Jan-Feb 1998 47 REGISTRATION Depending on the time of registration, registration fees are as follows: Before 15.12.1998 After 15.12.1998 Technical Program Participant US$150 US$180 Accompanying person US$100 US$120 Excursion Pre-symposium excursion US$400 US$450 Mid-symposium excursion US$50 US$70 The registration fee for participants covers admission to all scientific sessions, a copy of the symposium proceedings, morning and afternoon tea/coffee, lunch and attendance at a social function. PROCEEDINGS The proceedings of the symposium will be distributed to all participants.

SEND ALL CORRESPONDENCE TO: Shallow Tethys (ST) 5 Symposium Secretary Department of Geological Sciences Faculty of Science Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand Fax: 66-53-892261,66-53-222268

Warla Geologi, Vol. 24, No.1, Jan-Feb 1998 48

KALENDAR (CALENDAR)

March 23-24 1998 ASIA PACIFIC CONFERENCE ON INTEGRATED MODELLING FOR ASSET March 8-15 MANAGEMENT (Conference), Kuala Lumpur, CASE HISTORIES IN GEOTECHNICAL Malaysia. (Contact: SPE Kuala Lumpur Office, ENGINEERING (International Conference), St. Lot F1/01, First Floor, Citypoint, Kompleks Louis, Missouri, USA. (Contact: Continuing Dayabumi, Jalan Sultan Hishamuddin, 50050 Education, University of Missouri-Rolla, 103 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Tel: 6-03-294-7211; ME Annex, Rolla, MO 65409-1560, USA. Fax: Fax: 6-03-294-5158) 1 573 341 4992) March 30 - April 3 March 9-11 BIOEROSION (2nd International Workshop), INTEGRATED GEOPHYSICAL TECHNIQUES Fort Pierce, Florida, USA. (Contact: Dr. Debra IN SEISMIC INTERPRETATION (Seminar), Krumm, Harbor Branch Oceanographic Kristiansand, Norway. (Contact: Norwegian Museum, 5600 U.S. 1 North, Fort Pierce, FL Petroleum Society, P.O. Box 1897 Vika, N -0124 34946, USA. Tel: +1 561 465 2400, ext: 428; Oslo, Norway. Fax: 47 22 5546 30; E-mail: Fax: +1 561 465 5743; E -mail: [email protected]) [email protected]) March 9-11 March 30 - April 4 SOCIETY FOR MINING, METALLURGY, WATERROCKINTERACTION-9 (International AND EXPLORATION (Annual Meeting), Conference of International Association of Orlando, Florida, USA. (Contact: SME, P.O. Geochemistry and Cosmo-chemistry), Taupo, Box 625002, Littleton, CO 80162, USA. Tel: 1 New Zealand. (Contact: B.W. Robinson, 8007633132; Fax: 13039793461) Secretary General. Tel: 6473748211; Fax: 64 March 10-13 737 48199; E-mail: [email protected]; WWW: GEOCHEMICAL EARTH REFERENCE http://ruamoko.gns.cri.nzlwri-9) MODEL(Workshop),LaJolla, California, USA. April 13-17 (Contact: E-mail: [email protected]; WWW: 15TH INTERNATIONAL http://www-ep.es.llnl.gov/germ) SEDIMENTOLOGICAL CONGRESS, March 16-20 Alicante, Spain. (Contact: 15th International LUNAR AND PLANETARY SCIENCE Sedimentological Congress, Departamento de (International Conference), Houston, Texas, Cienias de la Tierra y Medio Ambiente, Facultad USA. (Contact: LeBecca Simmons, Conference de Ciencias, Campus de San Vicente de Raspeig, Administrator, LPI Publications and Program Universidad de Alicante, Apardo 99, 03080 Services Department, 3600 Bay Area Boulevard, Alicante, Spain. Tel: 34 65903552; Fax: 34 Houston, TX 77058-1113, USA. Tel: 1281486 65903552; E-mail: [email protected]) 2158; Fax: 1 281 486 2160; E-mail: April 13-17 [email protected]) KlMBERLITES (5th International Conference), 24-26 March CapeTown, South Africa. (Contact: J .J . Gurney, COAL SEAM GAS AND OIL (International 71KC, Department of Geological Sciences, Conference), Brisbane, Australia. (Contact: University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Intermedia Convention and Event Rondebosch 7700, South Africa. Tel: 2721531 Management, P .O. Box 1280, Milton QLD 4064, 3162; Fax: 27 21 650 3783; E-mail: Australia. Fax: 617 3369 0477; E-mail: [email protected]; URL: http:// [email protected]) www.uct.ac.za/depts/geolsci/71KC/)

Warta Geologi, Vol. 24, No.1, Jan-Feb 1998 49

A1Q"il14-1S April2'1~O GEOSCIENCE '98 (International Conference MODERN PREPARATION AND RESPONSE of the Geological Society), Keele, UK. (Contact: SYSTEMS FOR EARTH-QUAKE, TSUNAMI Conference Department, The Geological Society, AND VOLCANIC HAZARDS (International Burlington House, Piccadilly, London, W1V Conference), Santiago, Chile. (Contact: Bruce OJU, UK. Fax: 44 0171 439 8975; E-mail: A. Bolt, Dept. of Geology and Geophysics, [email protected]) University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, ;~dllJl--l;'r· .,) ... '\' .ii,f USA. Fax: 1 510 845 4816; E-mail: MAGMATISM AND MINERALIZATION IN [email protected]; or J. Gutierrez, ARCSAND OCEANBASINS (Multidisciplinary Inst. Geografica Militar, Santiago, Chile. Fax: Symposium, held as part of Geoscience '98), 5626988278;E-mail: [email protected]) Keele University, Staffordshire, UK. (Contact: April2Q-MaY4· Conference Department, The Geological Society, PRE-VARISCAN TERRANE ANALYSIS OF Burlington House, London, W1V OJU, UK. Tel: GONDWANAN EUROPE, Dresden, Germany. 0171 434 9944; Fax: 0171 439 8975; E-mail: (Contact: Bernd D. Erdtmann, TU Berlin, [email protected]; WWW: http:// Institut fur Andewandte Geologie II, Ernst­ www.geolsoc.org.uk) Reuther-Platz 1, Sekr. EB 10, D-10587 Berlin, April 19-22 Germany. Fax: +49 30 314 21107; E-mail: SITE CHARACTERIZATION (lSC '98, [email protected]) International Conference). Atlanta, Georgia, May 3-'1 USA. (Contact: Chair of Technical Affairs MINING, METALLURGYANDPETROLEUM, Committee, ISC '98, Prof. P.K Robertson, Dept. Montreal, Quebec, Canada. (Contact: Chantal of Civil Engineering, University of Alberta, Murphy, Canadian Institute of Mining, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G7, Canada. Fax: 1 Metallurgy and Petroleum, 3400 de 403 492 8198; E-mail: Maisonneuve Blvd. West, Suite 1210, Montreal, [email protected]) Quebec H3Z 3B8, Canada. Tel: 15149392710; .4prilUJ-28 Fax: 15149392714; E-mail: [email protected]) COMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN THE May J.2.;..15 MINERALS INDUSTRY - APCOM '98 (27th WATER QUALITY, Wuhan, China. (Contact: International Symposium), London, UK. Prof. Xia Jun, Local Organizing Committee, (Contact: Conference Office, Institution of International Workshop on Barriers to Mining and Metallurgy, 44 Portland Place, Sustainable Management of Water Quantity London WIN 4BR, UK. Tel: +44 (0)171 580 and Quality. Wuhan University of Hydraulic 3802; Fax: +44 (0)171 436 5388; E-mail: and Electric Engineering, No.8 Southern Road [email protected]) ofEast Lake, Wuhan 430072, China. Tel: 8627 April 20-22 8313502; Fax: 86 27 7878318; E-mail: GEO '98 (Middle East Geosciences Exhibition [email protected]) and Conference), Bahrain. (Contact: Stephen May 12.:-16 Key, Arabian Exhibition Management WLL, CRETACEOUS-PALEOGENE TRANSITIONS P.O. Box 20200, Manama, Bahrain. Tel: 973 IN TUNISIA (K-T BOUNDARY) (International 550033; Fax: 973 553288) Workshop and Field Excursion), Tunis, Tunisia. April 20.-23 . Jointly sponsored by the International HYDROLOGY, WATER RESOURCES AND Commission on Stratigraphy (lCS) and the ECOLOGY IN HEADWATERS (International Geological Survey of Tunisia. (Contact: Dr. Interdisciplinary Conference - Head-Water Gerta Keller, Department of Geosciences, '98), Merano, Italy. (Contact: HeadWater '98, Princeton University, PrincetonNJ 08544, USA. c/o European Academy, Weggensteinstrasse 121 Tel: 6092584117; Fax: 609258 1671; E-mail: A, 1-39100 BozenIBolzano, Italy. Tel: 3947130 [email protected]) 61 11; Fax: 39 471 30 60 99; E-mail: [email protected])

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May 14-18 .j;: University of Kansas, 2291 Irving Hill Road, LINKING SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL Lawrence, KS 66045-2969, USA. Tel: 1913864 SCALES IN PALEOECOLOGY AND 7735; Fax: 1 913 864 7789; E-mail: ECOLOGY (Penrose Conference of the [email protected]; WWW: Geological Society of America), Solomons, www.rsl.ukans.edul-gpr98) Maryland, USA. (Contact: Andrew Cohen, .May 27-31 Department of Geosciences, University of SOCIETYANDRESOURCESMANAGEMENT Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. Tel: 1 520 (International Symposium), Columbia, 621 4691; Fax: 1 520 621 2672; E-mail: Missouri, USA. (Contact: Sandy Rikoon, ISSRM [email protected]) Co-Chair, University Building 108, Columbia, l\JIly 17-$1 ...... MO 65211, USA. Tel: 15738820861; Fax: 1573 SOCIETY FOR SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY 8821473;E-mail: [email protected]) (Annual Meeting, in conjunction with AAPG), ·Mv.tl1-J~s~;, .. ' Salt Lake City, Utah, USA. (Contact: SEPM, SEISMIC DESIGN AND MITIGATION FOR 1731E, 71stSt., Tulsa,OK74136, USA. Tel: 1 THE THIRD MILLENNIUM (U.S. National 8008659765; WWW: http://sepm.tulsa.net) Conference on Earthquake Engineering), MaY"17--2jt "2~Jr' "...•..... ' Seattle, Washington, USA. (Contact: AMERICANASSOCIArioNofi'PETROLEUM Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, GEOLOGISTS (Annual Meeting), Salt Lake 499 14th St., Suite 320, Oakland, CA 94612- City, Utah, USA. (Contact: AAPGConventions 1934, USA. Tel: 15104510905; Fax: 1510451 Department, P.O. Box 979, 1444 S Boulder 5411; E-mail: [email protected]) Ave., Tulsa, OK 74101-0979, USA. Tel: +1918 .. J1Ip~1'" ...... 560 2679; Fax: +1 918 560 2684; E-mail: PANAMERICAN CURRENT RESEARCH ON [email protected]) FLUID INCLUSIONS (International b,,,;,,.;,'!?.r·'l""!!·· or'!.·l~i'fL:~~,:.~~I. .,;·"Ldil!~,,;i"~" :. Conference, PACROFIVII), Las Vegas, Nevada, QUEBEC 1998 (Joint Meeting of Geological USA. (Contact: Jean S. Cline, Dept. of Association of Canada, Mineralogical Geosciences, University ofNevada, Las Vegas, Association of Canada, and Association Nevada 89154-4010, USA. Fax: +1 702 895 Professionnelle des Geologues et des 4064; E-mail: jcline®nevada.edu) Geophysiciens du Quebec), Quebec, Canada. JUIle'l-6-- ,:""_ .. }~~~ . -:i~:~: (Contact: AgatheMorin, Department ofGeology, .' INTERNAtiONA.L>'CONFERENCE ON Universite Laval, Pavillon Adrien-Pouliot, PRECAMBRIANAND CRATON TECTONICS Sainte-Foy, Quebec G1K 7P4, Canada. Tel: 1 (14th International Conference on Basement 418 656 2193; Fax: 1 418 656 7339; E-mail: Tectonics), Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil. Sponsored [email protected]; WWW: http:// by Departamento de Geologia, Escola de Minas, www.ggl.ulaval.calquebec1998.html) Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Brazil

,,' .. '-.- ._~';~~;J_~~~,~~3i,~~. ~,,~_.-"\\j~'jJ~~~~*1~{~~*~~~%~\1'; .;;."_.. .. c_ > " ,'." and International Basement Tectonics AMERICAN GEOPHYSICAL UNION (Spring Association. (Contact: E-mail: Meeting), Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [email protected]) (Contact: AGU Meeings Dept., 1998 Spring tf:~e~ ...... Meeting, 2000 Florida Ave., NW, Washington, 5TH NATIONAL OPEN PIT MINING DC 20009, USA. Tel: 12024626900; Fax: 1202 CONFERENCE WITH INTERNATIONAL 3280566; E-mail: [email protected]; PARTICIPATION "State and Development of WWW: http://www.agu.org) Open Pit Mining in Market Economy, Varna, ~i~~":.:.:jI[~_. Bulgaria. (Contact: Scientific and Technical GROUND-PENETRATING RADAR '98 UnionofMining, Geology and Metallurgy, Open (International Conference), Lawrence, Kansas, Pit Mining Conference, 108 Rakovski Str., 1000 USA. (Contact: Richard Plumb, Electrical Sofia, Bulgaria. Tel: +3592800747; 80 4174; Engineering and Computer Science, Radar Fax: +3592 80 07 47) Systems and Remote Sensing Laboratory, The

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"June.:&-6 ... _. ___. ':~::.~_ .'~:~"'~ .June 23-25 ROCK MECHANICS (lSRM International ... THE ROLE OF A NATIONAL GEOLOGICAL Symposium), "Rock Mechanics, Earth Crust SURVEYINSUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENT Mechanics", Cancun (Quintana Roo), Mexico. (International Conference), Gaborone, (Contact: Sociedad Mexicana de Mecanica de Botswana. (Contact: The Secretariat (Attention: Rocas, Camino a Santa Teresa No. 187, Col. Mr. B.K Paya), 50th Anniversary Conference, Bosques delPedregal, MEX-14020 Mexico, D.F., Department of Geological Survey, Private Bag MEXICO. TellFax: +52 5 5282089; E-mail: 14, Lobatse, Botswana. Tel: (267) 331721; Fax: [email protected]) (267) 332013; E-mail: June 4-12 [email protected]) EVOLUTION OF OCEANIC ISLAND June 24-26 VOLCANOES (Penrose Conference of the EUROPEAN CONODONT (International Geological Society of America), Galopagos Symposium), Bologna and Modena, Italy. Islands, Ecuador. (Contact: Dennis J. Geist, (Contact: M.C. Perri, Departimento di Scienze Department of Geology, University of Idaho, della Terra e Geologico Ambientali, Via Zamboni Moscow, ID 83844, USA. Tel: 12088856491; 67,40126 Bologna, Italy. Fax: 3951354522; E­ E-mail: [email protected]) mail: [email protected]) June '7-13 June 24-27 EUROPEAN ASSOCIATION FOR MINERALAND THERMAL GROUNDWATER CONSERVATION OF GEOLOGICAL (International Symposium of the Romanian HERITAGE (ProGEO) MEETING '98, Bulgaria. Association ofHydrogeologistsJIAH). Miercurea (Contact: Dr. Todor Todorov, Sofia 1113, P.O. Ciuc,Romania. (Contact: RomanianAssociation Box 121. Tel: +3592 713 2271; Fax: +3592 75 of Hydrogeologists, Symposium Secretariat, c/o 91 04; E-mail: [email protected] or Iulian Popa (Executive Secretary), 6 Traian [email protected]) Vuia Str., R-70139 Bucharest, Romania. Tell JuneS-:ll Fax: +40 1 21 23385) GLOBAL WARMING (International Conference June 28 - July 5 andExpo),HongKong,China. (Contact: World EVENT STRATIGRAPHY OF GONDWANA Resource Review, 22W381 75th Street, (Gondwana 10, International Symposium), Cape Naperville, Illinois, USA 60565-9245; Fax: +1 Town, South Africa. (Contact: Organising 630 910 1561) Committee Gondwana 10, Department of June 8-12 Geological Sciences, University of Cape Town, EUROPEAN ASSOCIATION OF Rondebosch, South Africa. Tel: 27216503171; GEOSCIENTISTSANDENGINEERS (EAGE) Fax: 27 21650 3167; E-mail: (60th Conference), Leipsig, Germany. (Contact: Deborah®medicine.uct.ac.za; URL: http://www/ EAGE, E.H. Bornkamp, P.O. Box 298, NI 3700, uct.ac.zaldepts/cigc/gondwanal0.htm) AG Zeist, The Netherlands. Tel: 311306962 June 29 - July 2 655; Fax: 311306962640) 15TH CARIBBEAN GEOLOGICAL June 16.-20 .. CONFERENCE, Kingston, Jamaica. (Contact: PACIFIC CONGRESS ONMARINESCIENCE Dr. Trevor Jackson, c/o Department of AND TECHNOLOGY: TOWARDS THE 21ST Geography and Geology, University ofthe West CENTURY - A PACIFIC ERA (8th Indies, Kingston 7 , Jamaica. Fax; 809 927 International), Seoul, Korea. (Contact: N. 1640) Saxena, P.O. Box 11568, Honolulu, HI 96828, June 29 - July 15 USA. Tel: +1808-956-6163; Fax: +1808-956- 8TH INTERNATIONAL PLATINUM 2580; E-mail: saxena®wiliki.eng.hawaii.edu) SYMPOSIUM (IAGOD/CODMUR), Johannesburg, South Africa. (Contact: Dr. C.A. Lee, P.O. Box 68108, Bryanston, South Africa. Tel: 11273732580; Fax: 11278360371; E-mail: [email protected])

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"'~y~ll S} "";~#'tyY ·'fii~li;'t;.;· :~{Jtu112-:t1 .... ._. ,rJ§!'" PROCESSES "OF CRUSTAL FUTURE GROUNDWATER RESO URCESAT DIFFERENTIATION (Penrose Conference of RISK(FGR-98) (2nd International Conference), the Geological Society of America), Verbania, Changchun, China. (Contact: Dr. Zhao Italy. (Contact: Tracy Rushmer, Department Yongsheng and Dr. Sui Weiguo, FGR '98 of Geology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Conference Secretariat, P.O. Box 298, VT 05405, USA. Tel: 18026568136; Fax: 1802 Changchun University of Earth Sciences, 6 6560045; E-mail: [email protected]) Ximinzhu Street, Changchun, Jilin 130026,

.. :.,.q.':T.·".~;;l~.ii"O'··"""·"""U;uy~.L ;- --: ."''''''''''\'~~;·~;ti[;j/! _~:(~~;Pr., .'-'...\ .' '''''''''''',''\:·:;i?~~··i; China. Fax: +864318928327) AUSTRALIANGEOtOGICALCONvENTION,' ;~M!J1lI~5-~;., .;~~.< j. . .. ~';;~~ ..,; Townsville, Australia. (Contact: Debbie IGCP PROJECT420WORKSHOP(Continental Buckley, School of Earth Sciences, James Cook growth in the Phanerozoic: Evidence from East­ University, Townsville QLD 4811, Australia. Central Asia) (with field excursion in the Altai Tel: 077815047; Fax: 07725 1501; E-mail: Mountains) Urumqi, China. (Contact: Prof. jcu.edu.au; WWW: http://www.jcu.au/dept/ Hong Dawei, Institute of Geology, CAGS, 26 Earth/I/AGC14.html) Baiwanzhuang Road, Beijing 10037, China. Tel: ,:",\~&~~~~~~:;t~:t:~"::;,{~~~~f!Jl ,-[~ /1~?:;~;,\:\"i:il4~~\{ ~ "~~, 86 10 6831 1133 ext. 2309; Fax: 86 10 6831 HYDROLOGY IN A" CHANGING 0894, or Prof. Bor-ming Jahn, Geosciences ENVIRONMENT (International Symposium of Rennes, Universite de Rennes 1,35042 Rennes the British Hydrological Society), Exeter, UK. Cedex, France. Tel: 33-2-99 28 60 83; Fax: 33- (Contact: Bruce Webb, Department of 2-99 28 67 72 or 33-2-99 28 67 80; E-mail: Geography, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 jahn@univ-rennes I.fr) 4RJ, UK. Fax: +44 (0) 13392 263342; E-mail: ~\tiJul)fl~l~2j;','~·~ijl:~i!,,}~ ... .,:jJ;i. , B.W. [email protected]) WESTERNPACIFIC GEOPHYSICS (Meeting), f'1;;lllily~fi-l0~'~11i:i~'I~::;' .,;; ·:'~;!:r·1!;~I{ft '. Taipei, Taiwan, China. (Contact: American GEOCONGRESS '98 (Conference of the Geophysical Union, Meetings Dept., 2000 Geological Society of South Africa), Pretoria, Florida Ave., Washington, DC, USA; Tel: 1202 South Africa. (Contact: Tel: 27 128411167; 462 6900; Fax: 1 202 328 0566; E-mail: Fax: 27 12 8411221; E-mail: [email protected]; WWW: http:// [email protected]) www.agu.org)

·.\·:[iw.y,~1,1gil;~);;k~it;., ( ;~,A~t . ~';yt;Z><, <,.., I;};;', ...' .' . CRYOSOLS (Congress of International Society 10TH IAGOD SYMPOSIUM, Broken Hill, of Soil Science), Montpelier, France. (Contact: Australia. (Contact: Prof. I.R. Plimer, Dr. D.A. Gilichinsky, Institute of Soil Science University of Melboume, Parkville, VIC 3052, and Photosynthesis, Russian Academy of Australia. Tel: 6133446520;Fax; 6133447761) Sciences, 124292 Pushchino, Mowcow region, rf;.A~t_ Russia. E-mail: [email protected]) EUROCK '98 (ISRM Regional Symposium), '~ulizh-li~';; ·-:,":':~liY: ..., ,'. "Rock Mechanics in Petroleum Engineering", IAVCEI INTERNATIONAL Trondheim, Norway_ (Contact: Prof. Rune M. VOLCANOLOGICAL CONGRESS '98, Holt, Dept. ofPetroleum Technology and Applied Rondebosch, South Africa. (Contact: Geophysics, NTH, N-7034 Trondheim, Norway, Secretariat, IAVCEI 1998, Dept. of Geological Tel: +47 73 591187; Fax: +47 73 591102; E­ Sciences, University ofCape Town, Rondebosch, mail: [email protected]) South Africa. Fax: 27 21 650 3783; E-mail: ~;~ugi:ast~(tli%~'";':'( ivc98@geology,uct.ac.za; WWW: http:// MODERN APPROACHES TO ORE AND www.uct.ac.zaldeptslgeolscilivc981) ENVIRONMENTAL MINERALOGY, Ottawa and Guelph, Ontario, Canada. A Short Course sponsored by the Mineralogical Association of Canada, Natural Resources Canada, The

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Commission on Ore Mineralogy and the 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Tel: +(603) International Mineralogical Association. 757 7036; Fax: +(603) 759 3900; E-mail: Limited registration as the course will focus on [email protected]) specialized laboratories available in the Booth August 17-20 Street area. (Contact: Louis, J. Cabri, CANMET, THE JURASSIC SYSTEM (5th International 555 Booth Street, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, Symposium), Vancouver, Canada. (Contact: KIA OGl. Tel: +16139954073; Fax: +1613 P.L. Smith, Earth and Ocean Science, University 996 9673; E-mail: [email protected]) ofBritish Columbia, 6339 Stores Rd., Vancouver, August 9-12. .., BC, V6T lZ4 Canada. Tel: (604) 822-6456; Fax: ENVIRONMENTAL GEOTECHNOLOGY (604) 822 6088; E-mail: [email protected]; (International Symposium), Boston, WWW: http://www.eos.ubc.ca/jurassic/ Massachusetts, USA. (Contact: H.I.Inyang, announce.html) 4th International Geoenvironmental August 17-20 Symposium, CEEST, James B. Francis College GLACIERS AND THE GLACIATED of Engineering, University of Massachusetts­ LANDSCAPE (International Symposium), Lowell. One University Ave., Lowell, MA 0 1854, Kiruna, Sweden. (Contact: Secreary General, USA. Tel: 15089342285; Fax: 15089343092; International Glaciological Society, Lensfield E-mail: [email protected]) Road, Cambridge CB2 lER, UK. Tel: 44 1223 August 9-15 355974; Fax: 44 1223 336543; E-mail: INTERNATIONAL MINERALOGICAL [email protected]) ASSOCIATION: IMA '98 (17th General August 20-26 Meeting), Toronto, Canada. (Prof.A.J.Naldrett, ICOG-9: GEOCHRONOLOGY, Department of Geology, University of Toronto, COSMOCHRONOLOGY AND ISOTOPE Canada M5S 3BI. Tel: (461) 978 3030; Fax: GEOLOGY (9th International Conference), (416) 978 3938; E-mail: Beijing, China. (Contact: ICOG-9 Secretariat, [email protected]) Chinese Academy ofSciences, 26 Baiwanzhuang August 10-16 Road, Beijing 100037, China. Tel: +86 10 GENERATION AND EMPLACEMENT OF 68311545 or 68326456; Fax: +861068311545) OPHIOLITESTHROUGHTIME(International August 20-26 Symposium and Field Excursion), Oulo, Finland. CRYOSOLSANDTHEIRRELATIONSHIPTO (Contact: J. Vuollo, Department of Geology, GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE (World Congress University ofOulu, FIN-90570 Oulu, Finland. of Soil Science, Symposium 39), Montpellier, Fax: 358 81 5531 484; E-mail: France. (Contact: Agropolis-Avenue,Agropolis- [email protected]} 34394, Montpellier. Cedex 5, France. Tel: 33 Augustl~20 67047538; Fax: 3367047549) HISTORY OF OCEANOGRAPHY August 23-28 (International Congress), Qingdao, China. PALEOCEANOGRAPHY (6th International (Contact: G.-K. Tan, First Institute of Conference), Lisbon, Portugal. (Contact: Fatima Oceanography, SOA, 3AHongdao Nranch Road, Abrantes, Assoc. Portuguesa de Qingdao 266003, China. Tel: 8653228883127; Paleoceanografia, Apt. 7618 Alfragide, 2700 Fax: 865322879562; E-mail: [email protected]) Amadora, Lisbon, Portugal. Tel: 351 1 346 August.l7-19 3915; Fax: 351 1 342 4609; E-mail: GEOSEA '98 (Ninth Regional Congress on [email protected]) Geology, Mineral and Energy Resources of August 24-25 Southeast Asia), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. SOCIETY FOR ORGANIC PETROLOGY (Contact: The Organising Secretary, GEOSEA (Annual Meeting), Halifax, Nova Scotia, '98, Geological Society of Malaysia, c/o Canada. (Contact: PrasantaKMukhopadhyay. Department of Geology, University of Malaya, TellFax: 1 902 453 0061)

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AugPst20-28 . ~ ,~tember.5-9 ... INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON URBAN ANTARCTIC GLACIOLOGY, Lanzhou, China. WATER RESOURCES IN THE 21ST (Contact: Secretary General of ISAG-6, CENTURY (IS UWR'9B) , Beijing, China. Laboratory of Ice Core and Cold Regions Sponsored by Beijing Association for Science & Environment, Lanzhou Institute of Glaciology Technology. (Contact: Chinese Academy of and Geocryology, CAS, Lanzhou 730000, China. Geological Sciences, 26 Baiwanzhuang Road, Fax: 86 9318885241; E-mail: [email protected]) Beijing 100037, China. TellFax: +86-10-6832 ;0;~~t!ptembe,:'qfJ~i' ...... ' . 6186; E-mail: [email protected]) "JNTERNATIONAL '"THE~GEOLOGyCbF

~·30 - Se}i~blber 3 > TODAY FOR TOMORROW" (Conference on v'M. GOLDSCHMIDT CONFERENCE (8th radioactive waste disposal, protection of Annual ofThe Geochemical Society), Toulouse, drinking water resources, integrated France. (Contact: E-mail: goldconf®lucid.ups­ stratigraphy and sequence analysis. GIS in tlse.fr; WWW: http://www.obs-mip.fr/omp/ geology - on the occasion of the 150th umr5563/goldconf98.html) anniversary of the Huangarian Geological A~ 30 - Septem,hr 4 Society), Budapest, Hungary. (Contact: CLAy"MINERALOOY AND PETROLOGY Hungarian Geological Society, P.O. Box 433, H- (International Conference and Workshop of 1371 Budapest. Tel: (361) 251 0889; Fax: (361) IGCP Project No. 405), Brno, Czech Republic. 156 1215; E-mail: [email protected]) (Contact: Petr Sulovsky, Dept. of Mineralogy, ~?$~ptemb~~~lt Petrology and Geochemistry, Faculty ofScience, EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, CZ 611 37 (International Conference), Paris, France. Brno, Czech Republic. Fax: 420541211214; E­ (Contact: French Association for Earthquake mail: [email protected]) Engineering, 4 Avenue du Recteur Poincare, .~Ii~r <,<:t t;~;' 75782 Paris Cedex 16, France. WWW: http:// SEDIMENTARY ROCKS (International dfc2.enpc.fr/ecee11) Symposium), Taipei, Taiwan, China. (Contact: .'September'G--16 Dr. Ou Chin Der, Director General, Taiwan .. DEPOSIT AND GEOENVIRONMENTAL Area National Expressway Engineering Bureau, MODELS FOR RESOURCE EXPLOITATION Ministry of Transportation and AND ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY Communications, Taipei Taiwan, China. Tel: (International Conference of NATO Advanced +8862 5156777; Fax: +8862 5041281) Study Institue), Matrahaza, Hungary. (Contact: .... Septeu.ber 1-12 Dr. A.G. Fabbri, Intern. Inst. for Aerospace ANATOMY AND TEXTURES OF ORE­ Survey & Earth Sciences (lTC). Hengelosestr BEARING GRANITOIDS OF SIKHOTEALIN 99, P.O. Box 6, 7500 AA Enschede. The (PRIMORYEREGION, RUSSIA) AND Netherlands. Fax: 31-53-487-4336; E-mail: RELATED MINERALIZATION (Joint Field [email protected]) Conference of IAGOD, IGCP-373, SGA, and l Septembe~''l-D Russian Academy of Sciences), Vladivostok, SEDIMENTTRANSPORTANDDEPOSITION Russia. (Contact: Dr. Galina Gonevchuk, Far BY PARTICULATE GRAVITY CURRENTS East Geological Institute of FEB of Russian (Conference), Leeds, UK. (Contact: Ben Kneller, Academy of Sciences, 159, Prospect 100-letya, Earth Sciences Department, University of Vladivostok, 690022, Russia. Tel: 74232318 Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK. Tel: +44 113 233 750; Fax: 7 4232 31 78 47; E-mail: 6625; Fax: +44 113 233 5259; E-mail: [email protected]; WWW: http:// [email protected]; WWW: http:// www.immr.tu-clausthal.de/lager/ earth.leeds.ac.uklturbiditeS/conferencelhtml) announcement1.html)

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September 7-10 Mesoghion St., Athens 11527, Greece. Tel: 30 DRINKING WATER CONTAMINATION 1 771 5522; Fax: 30 1 775 2211; E-mail: (International Conference of International [email protected] or Paolo Antonio Association ofHydrological Sciences), Santiago, Pirazzoli, CNRS, URA 141-Lab de Geographie Chile. (Contact: Eric G. Reichard, U.S. Physique, 1 PI. Aristide Briand, 92190 Meudon­ Geological Survey, 5735 Kearny Villa Road, Bellevue, France. Tel: 33 14507 5558; Fax: 33 Ste. O. San Diego, California 92123, USA. Tel: 145075830; E-mail: [email protected]) 1 619 637 6834; Fax: 1 619 637 9201; E-mail: September 11-14 [email protected]) ASSOCIATION OF EARTH SCIENCE , SepteD1.b~f 7~11;F')' EDITORS (32nd Annual), Council of Biology EARLY WARNING SYSTEMS FOR THE Editors, and Association of European Science REDUCTION OF NATURAL DISASTERS Editors (Joint Meeting), Washington,DC, USA. (Conference), Potsdam, Germany. (Contact: E­ (Contact: Arly Allen, Sheridan Electronic mail: [email protected]) Systems, Suite 832, 400 E. Pratt St., Baltimore, September. 7..;.14 MD21202, USA. Fax: +14103471641;E-mail: INTERNATIONAL INHIGEO HISTORY OF [email protected]) GEOLOGY CONGRESS "From Folds to Nappes September 13-15 to Plates" "The History of Ideas About PETROLEUM GEOLOGY AND Glaciation", Neuchatel, Switzerland. (Contact: HYDROCARBON POTENTIAL (Conference), Prof. Jean-Paul Schaer, Universite de Neptune/Constanta, Romania. (Contact: Dr. Neuchatel, Institut de Geologie, Emile-Argand Akif A. Narimanov, Azerbaijan Society of 11,2007 Neuchatel, Switzerland. Fax: 4132 Petroleum Geologists. Tel: 0099412923511; 7182601; E-mail: [email protected]) Fax: 0099412 92 3297; E-mail: September 8-10 Akifnar®Socar.baku.az) COASTAL ENVIRONMENT 98 September 1~17 ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND ENGINEERING COASTAL REGIONS (Conference), Cancun, GEOPHYSICS (4th International Conference), Mexico. (Contact: Liz Kerr, Conference Barcelona, Spain. To receive the First Secretariat, COASTAL ENVIRONMENT 98, Announcement sent E-mail request. (Contact: Wessex Institute ofTechnology ,Ashurst Lodge, Lluis Rivero, Ass't of Applied Geophysics, Ashurst, Southampton, S040 7AA, UK. Tel: 44 Faculty of Geology, University of Barcelona, (0)1703293223; Fax: 44(0)1703292853;E-mail: Barcelona 08071, Spain. Tel: 34-3-402.14.30; [email protected]; http://www.wesses.ac.uk) Fax: 34-3-402.13.40; E-mail: September-9-11 [email protected].) REMOTE SENSING (Annual Conference, September 14-17 Natural Resource Institute and University of MODERN EXPLORATION AND IMPROVED Greenwich), Kent, UK. (Contact: RSS98, School OIL AND GAS RECOVERY METHODS (2nd of Earth and Environmental Sciences, International Conference), Krakow, Poland. University of Greenwich, Medway Towns (Contact: DEXTER Congress and Symposium Campus, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4AW, Bureau, Wroclawska 37A, 30-011 Krakow, UK. Tel: 44 0181 3319803; Fax: 44 0181 Poland. Tel: 48 12340808; Fax: 48 12336313; 3319805; E-mail: [email protected]) E-mail: [email protected]) Septemberlo-.sO·1j' September 21... 23 IGCP PROJECT 36i(FINALMEETING)AND EPICONTINENTAL TRIASSIC (Symposium), INQUA SHORELINES AND Halle, Germany. (Contact: Gerhard Beutler, NEOTECTONICS COMMISSIONS, Corinth Institut fur Geologische Wissenschaften und and Samos, Greece. (Contact: Stathis Stiros, Geiseltalmaseum, Domstr. 5, D-06108 Halle/ Inst. of Geology and Mineral Exploration, 70 oaale, Germany. Fax: 49 0 345 55 27 178)

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September 21-211 , October 5-7 INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF FIFTHINTERNATIONALCONFERENCEON ENGINEERING GEOLOGY(8th International REMOTE SENSING FOR MARINE AND Congress), Vancouver, Canada. (Contact: Kim COASTAL ENVIRONMENTS, San Diego Meidal, Secretariat, 8th Congress IAEG, c/o BC Princess Convention Center, San Diego, Hydro, 6911 Southpoint Dr., Burnaby, BC V3N Califoriria, USA. Organized by ERIM with 4X8, Canada. Tel: 1 604 528 2421; Fax: 1 604 sponsors that include NASA, NOAAlNESDIS, 528 2558; E-mail: [email protected]; U.S. DOE Nevada Operations Office and Remote WWW: http://www.bchydro.bc.calbchydro/ Sensing Lab., GER Corporation, RadarSat IAEG/IAEG98.html) International, and National Wetlands Research Septemb.n- 21-J§! Center. (Contact: ERIM Marine Conferences, GROUNDWATER QUALITY (International Box 134001, Ann Arbor MI 48113-4001 USA. Conference), Tiibingen, Germany. (Contact: Tel: +13139941200,ext.3234;Fax: +1313994 Conference Secretariat GQ '98, c/o Lehrstuhl 5123; E-mail [email protected]) fur Angewandte Geologie, Sigwart-strasse 10, :!'O~tober 5-9 D-72076 Tiibingen, Germany. Tel: 49 7071 INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR 2974692; Fax: 49 7071 5059; E-mail: MATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY (Annual [email protected]) Conference), Ischia Island, Naples, Italy. Septemt.ter 26-2'1 (Contact: Conference Secretariat, IAMG '98, c/ EVOLUTION OF STRUCTURES IN o Antonella Buccianti, Dipartimento di Scienze DEFORMING ROCKS, Canmore, Alberta, della Terra, Universita di Firenze, Via La Pira Canada. (Contact: Shoufa Lin, c/o Geological 4,50121- Firenze, Italy. Tel: +39552757496; Survey of Canada, 601 Booth St., Ottawa, Fax: +39 55 284 571; E-mail: Ontario KIA OE8, Canada. Fax: 1 613 995 [email protected]) 7997; E-mail: [email protected]; WWW: " October 6-9_ http://www.nrcan.gc.caless/cgd/ctg981) GERMAN GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY (150th September 27 -i.Jetober 2 Annual Meeting), Berlin, Germany. (Contact: GAMBLING WiTH GROUND WATER: Johannes Schroeder, Inst. fUr Angewandte PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL Geowissenschaften II, Ernst-Reuter-Platz 1, D- ASPECTS OF AQUIFER-STREAM 10587 Berlin, Germany. Tel: 493031423650; INTERRELATIONS (28th Congress of the Fax: 49 30 314 21107; E-mail: Geo-Berlin- International Association of Hydrogeologists), [email protected]) Las Vegas, Nevada, USA. (Contact: John Van October 7-9 .:,;:-,:~.. _-, Brahana, IAH Las Vegas, USGS, 118 Ozark COMPUTER SIMUL.i/rION IN RISK Hall, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville AR ANALYSISANDHAZARDMrI'IGATION(Jnts:natio 72701, U.S.A. Tel: +15015752570; Fax: +1501 al Conference), Valencia, Spain. (Contact: Paula 575 3846; E-mail: [email protected]) Doughty-Young, RISK ANALYSIS '98

.' Septe~ 29-3j Conference Secretariat, Wessex Institute of IMPROVINGTHEEXPLORATIONPROCESS Technology, Ashurst Lodge, Ashurst, BYLEARNINGFROMTHEPAST,Haugesund, Southampton S040 7AA, UK. Fax: +44 1703 Norway. (Contact: Norwegian Petroleum 292853; E-mail: [email protected]) Society, P.O. Box 1897 Vika, N-0124 Oslo, Octobel' 19-21 .. ' .. Norway; Fax: 47 22 55 46 30; E-mail: WILLISTON BASIN SYMPOSIUM (8th [email protected]) International), Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada. SePtember 30~r0etober3 '~ii (Contact: Dr. Dough Paterson, Saskatchewan SOCIETY '-OF VERTEBRATE' Geological Society, P.O. Box 234, Regina, PALEONTOLOGY(AnnualMeeting), Salt Lake Saskatchewan, Canada S4P 2Z6. Tel: +1 306 City, Utah, USA. (Contact: SVP, 401 N. 787 2625; Fax: +1 306 787 4608; E-mail: Michigan Ave., Chicago, IL 60611-4267, USA. [email protected]; WWW: http:// Tel: 1 312 321 3708) www.gov.sk.calenerminelaboutlsemnew.htm)

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October 26-29 423 Tanglin Post Office, Singapore 812. Tel: GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA (65) 338-9108; http://web.singnet.com.sg.i ANNUAL MEETING, Toronto, Ontario, -seapex) Canada. (Contact: GSA Meetings Department, December 6-10 P.O. Box9140, Boulder CO, 80301 USA. Tel: +1 AMERICAN GEOPHYSICAL UNION (Amiual 3034472020; Fax: +1303447 1133; E-mail; Fall Meeting), San Francisco, California, USA. [email protected]; WWW: http:// (Contact: AGU Meetings Department, 1998 www.geosociety.org/meetings/index.htm) Fall Meeting 2000 Florida Avenue NW, October 26-29 Washington, DC 20009, USA. Tel: +1202462 SOCIETY OF ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS 6900 (in Washington, D.C. area and outside (Annual Meeting, with GSA), Toronto, Canada) North America), or +1800 966 2481 (toll-free in OctoberlNovember North America); Fax: +12023280566; E-mail: PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL [email protected]; WWW: http:// ASPECTS OF AQUIFER-STREAM www.agu.org) SEDIMENT INTERRELATIONS (28th IAH Congress) (Contact: Dr. J. Rosenschein, USGS MS 414, National Center, Reston Va 22092, 1999 USA; Fax: 703 648 5722) February 1-5 November 8-11 SHALLOW TETHYS (International AMERICANASSOCIATIONOFPETROLEUM Symposium), Chiang Mai, Thailand. (Contact: GEOLOGISTS (International Conference and Shallow Tethys 5 Symposium Secretary, Dept. Exhibition), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. (Contact: of Geological Sciences, Chiang Mai University, AAPG Conventions Department, P.O. Box 979, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. Fax: 6653 89 2261) 1444 S Boulder Ave., Tulsa, OK 74101-0979, USA. Tel: +19185602679; Fax: +1918560 March 1-3 2684) THIRTEENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE AND WORKSHOPS ON November 16-20 APPLIED GEOLOGIC REMOTE SENSING: THIRTEEN SOUTHEAST ASIAN Practical Solutions for Real-World Problems. GEOTECHNICAL CONFERENCE Hotel Vancouver, Vancouver, British Columbia, (Conference), Taipei, Republic of China. Canada. Organized by ERIM with sponsors (Contact: Dr. John Chien-Chung Li, Secretary that include NASA, U.S. DOE Nevada GeneraliSEAGC 13, c/o Public Construction Operations Office and Remote Sensing Lab, Commission, Executive Yuan, Fl. 9, No.4, Chung and USGS. (Contact: ERIM Geologic Hsiao West Road, Sec. 1, Taipei, Taiwan, Conferences, Box 134001, Ann Arbor ,MI 48113- Republic of China. Tel: 886-2-388-4962; Fax: 4001 USA. Tel: +13139941200,ext. 3234; Fax: 886-2-388-4959; E-mail: [email protected]) +13139945123; E-mail: [email protected]) December 1-3 March 1-4 ORIGIN OF THE EARTH AND MOON SOCIETY FOR MINING, METALLURGY, (International Conference of the Geochemical AND EXPLORATION (Annual Meeting), Society), Monterey, California, USA. (Contact: Denver, Colorado, USA. (Contact: SME,8307 LeBecca Simmons, Lunar and Planetary Shaffer Parkway, P.O. Box 625002, Littleton, Institute, 3600 Bay Area Boulevard, Houston CO 80162-5002, USA. Tel: 13039739550; E­ TX77058-1113, USA. Tel: 12814862158;Fax: mail: [email protected]) 12814862160; E-mail: [email protected]) March 9-11 December 2-3 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SEAPEX SILVER JUBILEE EXPLORATION PANGEAAND THE PALEOZOIC-MESOZOIC CONFERENCE, Suntec City Exhibition Center, TRANSITION, Wuhan, Hubei, China. (Contact: Singapore. (Contact: Mr. T.C. Chew, Southeast Dr. Tong Jinan, Faculty ofEarth Science, China Asia Petroleum Exploration Society, P.O. Box University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei

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430074, China. Tel: +86-27-7482031; Fax: +86- August 4-12 27-7801763; E-mail: [email protected]) AFRICA, CRADLEOFHUMANKINDDURING April 11-14 THE QUATERNARY (XV INQUA Congress), AMERICANASSOCIATION OF PETROLEUM Durban, South Africa. (Contact: Prof. T.C. GEOLOGISTS (Annual Meeting), SanAntonio, Partridge, Climatology Research Center, Texas, USA. (Contact: AAPG Conventions University of Witwatersrand, 13 Cluny Rd., Department, P.O. Box 979, 1444 S. Boulder Forest Town, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa. Ave., Tulsa, OK 74101-0979, USA. Tel: +1918 Tel: +27 11 6463324; Fax: +27 11486 1689; E­ 560 2679; Fax: +1 918 560 2684; E-mail: mail: [email protected]) [email protected]) August 14-25 May 26-28 CARBONIFEROUS-PERMIAN (XIV GEOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION OF CANADA­ International Congress), Calgary, Alberta, MINERALOGICAL ASSOCIATION OF Canada. (Contact: Dr. Charles Henderson CANADA, JOINT ANNUAL MEETING Associate Professor, Department ofGeology and Sudbury, Ontario. (Contact: Dr. P. Copper: Geophysics, The University of Calgary, N.W. Dept. of Earth Sciences, Laurentian University, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N IN4. Tel: 403 Sudbury, Ontario P3E 2C6, Canada. Tel: (705) 220 6170; Fax: 403 285 0074' E -mail: [email protected]) , 657-1151 ext. 2267; Fax: (705) 675-4898; E­ ------mail: [email protected]) August 22-25 June SOCIETY FOR GEOLOGY APPLIED TO FOURTH INTERNATIONAL AIRBORNE MINERAL DEPOSITS (SGA) (5th Biennial REMOTE SENSING CONFERENCE AND Meeting), "Mineral Deposits: Processes to EXHIBITION, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Processing," London, UK. Imperial College Organized by ERIM. (Contact: ERIM Airborne Natural History Museum. (Contact: Dr. Chris Conferences, Box 134001,AnnArbor, MI48113- Stanley, Department of Mineralogy, Natural 4001 USA. Tel: +13139941200, ext. 3234; Fax: History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 +13139945123; E-mail: [email protected]) 5BD, UK. Tel: +44171 938 9361; Fax: +44171 9389268; E-mail: [email protected]) June 7-11 EUROPEAN ASSOCIATION OF September GEOSCIENTISTSAND ENGINEERS (EAGE, THE CONTINENTAL PERMIAN OF THE 61st Conference), Helsinki, Finland. SOUTHERN ALPS AND SARDINIA (ITALY): Regional reports and general correlations July 19-30 (International Field Conference), Brescia, Italy. INTERNATIONAL UNION OF GEODESY (Contact: Prof. G. Cassinis, Dipartimento di AND GEOPHYSICS, Birmingham, UK. Scienze della Terra, Universita di Pavia, Via (Contact: IUGG99, School of Earth Sciences Ferrata, 1, 1-27100 Pavia, Italy. Tel: 39 382 University of Birmingham, Edghaston: 505834; Fax: 39 382 505890; E -mail: Birmingham B15 2TT, UK. Fax: 44 121 414 [email protected]) 4942; E-mail: [email protected]) September August 3-12 INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR HYDROGEOLOGISTS (29th Congress), QUATERNARY RESEARCH (IN QUA) (15th Bratislava, Slovakia. (Contact: Prof. L. Melioris, Congress), "The Environmental Background to Comenius University, Mylinska Dolina, 84215 Hominid Evolution in Africa", Durban, South Bratislava, Slovakia. TellFax: +42 7 725 446; Africa. (Contact: Dr. D. Margaret Avery, INQUA E-mail: [email protected]) XV CONGRESS, P.O. Box 61, South Africa Museum, Capetown 8000, South Africa. Tel: September +27 21 243 330; Fax: +27 21 246 716; E-mail: INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ROCK [email protected]; WWW: http:// MECHANICS (9th International Congress), inqua.geoscience.org.za) Paris, France. (Contact: Dr. S. Gentier Secretaire General du CFMR, BRGMlDRIGGP:

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SPECIAL ISSUE ON PETROLEUM GEOLOGY VOL. vm KANDUNGAN (CONTENTS) 1-9 Relationship of gabbro and pillow lavas in the Lupar Formation, West Sarawak: Implications for interpretation of the Lubok Antu Melange and the Lupar Line N.S. Haile, S.K. Lam and R.M. Banda 11-18 Post migration processing of seismic data Dasbuki Mohd. 19-30 The stratigraphy of northern Labuan, NW Sabah Basin, East Malaysia Mazlan B. Hj . Madon 31-53 Depositional and diagenetic histories of reservoir sandstones in the Jerneh field, central Malay Basin Mazlan B. Hj. Madon 55-59 Improved characterisation of carbonate reservoirs using non-linear modelling M. Prins 61--65 Borehole gravimetry survey in Central Luconia carbonate reservoirs Mah Kok Gin and Frans van den Berg 67-80 Structural development at the west-central margin of the Malay Basin Licw Kit Kong 81-91 Abnormal pressure occurrence in the Malay and Penyu basins, offshore Peninsular Malaysia - a regional understanding Mohd Shari ff Bin Kader 93-104 A quantitative study oftbe seismic time-amplitude reOection characteristics in an oil field Ng Tong San, Idrus Mohd Shuhud and Leong Lap Sau 105-117 Application ofseqllence stratigraphic techniques on the non-marine sequences: An example from th~ Balingian Province, Sarawak Ismail Che Mat Zin and laafar Sipan 119-126 Inversion tectonics in the Malay Basin: evidence and timing of events RD. Tjia 127-143 Dent Group and its equivalent in the offshore Kinabatangan area, East Sabah Ismail Che Mat Zin 145-156 Complex transtensional structures and the hydrocarhon potential of the Greater Sarawak Basin, Sarawak as defined by syntbetic aperture radar M.P.R. Light, D.J . Bird, G.A. Posehn and M.A.A. Hudi 157- 161 Melange on the Jerudong Line, Brunei Darussalam, and its regional Significance Charles S. Hutchison 162-174 Geothermics of the Malaysian sedimentary basins Mohd Firdaus Abctul Halim 175-186 Tectonic implications of well-bore breakouts in Malaysian basins H.D. Tjia and Mohd Idrus [smai l Editor: G.H. Teh

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