DOCSLIB.ORG

Constructing the Past in Eleventh-Century Flanders: Hagiography at Saint-Winnoc

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Constructing the Past in Eleventh-Century Flanders: Hagiography at Saint-Winnoc CONSTRUCTING THE PAST IN ELEVENTH-CENTURY FLANDERS: HAGIOGRAPHY AT SAINT-WINNOC DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By David J. Defries, M.A. * * * * * The Ohio State University 2004 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Professor Joseph H. Lynch Professor Karen A. Winstead ____________________________ Professor Frank T. Coulson Adviser History Graduate Program ABSTRACT At the heart of much scholarship on the Central Middle Ages (c. 950- 1150) in western Europe is a debate about the rapidity and nature of change after the disintegration of the Carolingian empire. On the one hand, there is the traditional “mutationist” position, represented by such scholars as Marc Bloch, Jean-Pierre Poly, Eric Bournazel, Georges Duby, and T.N. Bisson. Scholars who adopt this position argue that a revolution, a radical and sharp break with the past, occurred in the structure of western European society around the turn of the millenium. On the other hand, a diverse group, including Dominique Barthélemy, Susan Reynolds, Timothy Reuter and Chris Wickham, has either argued for less rapid change or questioned key aspects of the traditional position. In Phantoms of Remembrance, Patrick Geary has suggested that the debate over the mutationist interpretation has ceased to bear positive fruit, and that the important question in studying the Central Middle Ages is “why and how generations perceived discontinuity, and how these perceptions continued to influence the patterns of thought for a thousand years.” According to Geary, ii although people in the eleventh century were surrounded with the residue of the previous two centuries, they were unable to make sense of the structures that had given this residue its coherence. Nevertheless, people in the period still attempted to make sense of the past, shaping it to fit contemporary needs. This process is important because it determined both the information people chose to make available to future generations and the form it would take. Put simply, how they chose to remember their past influences how we remember it. My dissertation examines how the hagiography produced for the eleventh-century, Flemish abbey of Saint-Winnoc remembers the past. More specifically, it approaches these texts from three perspectives. First, it identifies the literary strategies their authors employed to construct the past. Second, it examines how these strategies would have operated in the historical context in which they were composed. Finally, it points to some of the ontological, epistemological and ideological implications of recording the past in hagiographic narratives. iii Dedicated to my parents iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to thank my adviser, Professor Joseph Lynch, for his guidance and encouragement which have made this dissertation possible. I must also thank him for his boundless patience in reading repeated drafts. I wish to thank the members of my committee, Professors Karen Winstead and Frank Coulson, for their attention and advice. This dissertation is much the better for their scrutiny and comments. I am grateful to Professor Thomas Head for his comments and guidance, as well as for the access he provided to some of his unpublished research. Dr. John Blair made possible a visit to the archaeological dig at Bishopstone, England, and illuminated the English context for the cult of St. Lewinna. I must also thank Christopher Whittick, Pam Combes and Dr. Gabor Thomas for welcoming me and providing expert commentary on East Sussex. Dr. Brigitte Meijns provided useful comments on chapters of canons in Flanders. She made my exploration of the Dutch scholarship much easier. I thank my colleagues, Ryan Crisp, William Batchelder, John Curry and Russ Coil for stimulating discussions and critical reviews over the years. v I wish to thank M. Declerq, mayor of Bergues, who provided access to the manuscript Bergues, bibliothèque municipale, ms. 19, and M. Guillemin, curateur du musée et bibliothécaire de la bibliothèque ancienne, who graciously interrupted his other duties to make the manuscript available for examination. Heartfelt thanks go to my parents, without whose love and financial support this dissertation would have been inconceivable. Finally, I must thank Wendy A. Matlock for supporting all my efforts these many years. I would have given up long ago if not for her. vi VITA 24 April, 1972……………………............Born – Horsham, Pennsylvania, U.S.A. 1994………………………………….……B.A. History, University of Richmond B.A. Classical Civilizations, University of Richmond 1998……………………………………….M.A. History, The Ohio State University 1996-Present……………………...............Graduate Teaching and Research Associate, The Ohio State University FIELDS OF STUDY Major Field: History (Medieval European) Minor Fields: History (Byzantine) History (Medieval Islamic) vii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT........................................................................................................ ii DEDICATION................................................................................................... iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS................................................................................ v VITA................................................................................................................... vii LIST OF MAPS.................................................................................................. xi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS............................................................................ xii QUOTATIONS AND TRANSLATIONS...................................................... xiv NOMENCLATURE......................................................................................... xv CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION.................................................................... 1 1.1 Introduction..................................................................................... 1 1.2 Virtus virtutem comitatur................................................................ 7 1.3 Hagiography in the Central Middle Ages.................................. 15 1.4 The Hagiography from Saint-Winnoc......................................... 24 1.5 Modern Scholarship and Methodology...................................... 28 1.6 Outline............................................................................................. 32 CHAPTER 2: SAINT-WINNOC..................................................................... 36 2.1 Introduction..................................................................................... 36 2.2 The Early Principality of Flanders............................................... 38 2.3 Monastic Competition at Ghent................................................... 58 2.4 The Principality Reformed............................................................ 66 2.5 Saint-Winnoc................................................................................... 83 2.6 Drogo of Saint-Winnoc.................................................................. 91 2.7 Conclusion....................................................................................... 104 CHAPTER 3: OSWALD................................................................................... 106 3.1 Introduction..................................................................................... 106 3.2 Bede’s Oswald................................................................................. 109 3.3 Drogo’s Oswald.............................................................................. 126 3.4 The Road to Zion............................................................................ 130 3.5 Rex iustus.......................................................................................... 138 3.6 Rex et sacerdos.................................................................................. 149 3.7 In Defense of Flanders................................................................... 163 viii 3.8 Conclusion....................................................................................... 185 CHAPTER 4: LEWINNA................................................................................. 186 4.1 Introduction..................................................................................... 186 4.2 Lewinna’s Cult................................................................................ 188 4.3 Rites of Passage............................................................................... 194 4.4 Translatio: From England to Flanders.......................................... 197 4.5 Passage............................................................................................. 229 4.6 Vita et Passio: Forgetting England................................................ 231 4.7 Delatio: Through Flanders............................................................. 238 4.8 Four Miracles at Bergues............................................................... 254 4.9 Patron Saint..................................................................................... 261 CHAPTER 5: WINNOC AT WORMHOUT................................................. 265 5.1 Introduction..................................................................................... 265 5.2 The Monastic Cell at Wormhout.................................................. 266 5.2.1 The Vitae Audomari, Bertini, Winnoci............................. 268 5.2.2 The Vita antiqua s. Winnoci............................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Imagining Christ May 6 to July 27, 2008 the J
    Imagining Christ May 6 to July 27, 2008 The J. Paul Getty Museum at the Getty Center Medieval and Renaissance images of Christ provided visual accounts of the historical figure described in the Gospels and served as powerful entry points to prayer. Though today the study of the complete Bible is fairly common, most medieval worshippers who were not members of the clergy depended largely on church services and private prayer books to access the word of God. The illuminations in this exhibition demonstrate the multiple, overlapping ways in which Christ was under¬stood to be simultaneously human and divine, the son of God and God, the sacrifice made for mankind, and the divine judge who would save or condemn humanity at the end of time. -Kristen Collins Department of Manuscripts 6 6 1. Attributed to Nivardus of Milan 2. Ottonian Italian, active about 1000 - about 1025 Text Page, First quarter, 11th century The Crucifixion, First quarter, 11th century from Sacramentary from Sacramentary Tempera colors, gold, silver, and ink on parchment Tempera colors, gold, silver, and ink on parchment Leaf: 23.2 x 17.9 cm (9 1/8 x 7 1/16 in.) Leaf: 23.2 x 17.9 cm (9 1/8 x 7 1/16 in.) The J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles The J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles Ms. Ludwig V 1, fol. 3 (83.MF.76.3) Ms. Ludwig V 1, fol. 2v (83.MF.76.2v) 6 6 3. Ottonian 4. Ottonian Bishop Engilmar Celebrating Mass, about 1030 - 1040 Cover of a Sacramentary, 1100s from Benedictional from Sacramentary Tempera colors, gold leaf, and ink on parchment Oak boards covered with red silk, fitted with hammered Leaf: 23.2 x 16 cm (9 1/8 x 6 5/16 in.) and engraved silver and copper The J.
    [Show full text]
  • Federal Register/Vol. 83, No. 150/Friday, August 3, 2018/Notices
    Federal Register / Vol. 83, No. 150 / Friday, August 3, 2018 / Notices 38161 Community Community map repository address Canadian County, Oklahoma and Incorporated Areas Project: 12–06–1030S Preliminary Date: February 8, 2018 City of El Reno ......................................................................................... Municipal Building, 101 North Choctaw Avenue, El Reno, OK 73036. Aransas County, Texas and Incorporated Areas Project: 15–06–0811S Preliminary Date: March 16, 2018 City of Aransas Pass ................................................................................ City Hall, 600 West Cleveland Boulevard, Aransas Pass, TX 78336. San Patricio County, Texas and Incorporated Areas Project: 15–06–0811S Preliminary Date: March 16, 2018 City of Aransas Pass ................................................................................ City Hall, 600 West Cleveland Boulevard, Aransas Pass, TX 78336. [FR Doc. 2018–16666 Filed 8–2–18; 8:45 am] 97.048, Disaster Housing Assistance to Brown Fund; 97.032, Crisis Counseling; BILLING CODE 9110–12–P Individuals and Households In Presidentially 97.033, Disaster Legal Services; 97.034, Declared Disaster Areas; 97.049, Disaster Unemployment Assistance (DUA); Presidentially Declared Disaster Assistance— 97.046, Fire Management Assistance Grant; DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND Disaster Housing Operations for Individuals 97.048, Disaster Housing Assistance to and Households; 97.050, Presidentially Individuals and Households In Presidentially SECURITY Declared Disaster Assistance to Individuals
    [Show full text]
  • The Fox Van Den
    Of Reynaert the Fox Text and Facing Translation of the Middle Dutch Beast Epic Van den vos Reynaerde Edited by André Bouwman and Bart Besamusca amsterdam university press Of Reynaert the Fox Of Reynaert the Fox Text and Facing Translation of the Middle Dutch Beast Epic Van den vos Reynaerde Edited with an introduction, notes and glossary by André Bouwman and Bart Besamusca Translated by Th ea Summerfi eld Includes a chapter on Middle Dutch by Matt hias Hüning and Ulrike Vogl Th e production of this book was made possible by Hendrik Muller’s Vaderlandsch Fonds en NLPVF (Foundation for the Production and Translation of Dutch Literature) Cover: Kok Korpershoek, Amsterdam, the Netherlands Front cover: detail from Chester Beatt y Library, Dublin, Ms. 61 (psalterium, Flanders, s. XIII-2, border decoration f. 61r: Reynaert and Cuwaert cf. ll. 144-48). © Chester Beatt y Library. Back cover: fox. © Jochum Kole, Heerenveen, the Netherlands Lay-out: V3Services, Baarn, the Netherlands ISBN 978 90 8964 024 6 E-ISBN 978 90 4850 233 2 NUR 113 © Besamusca, Bouwman, Summerfi eld/Amsterdam University Press, 2009 All rights reserved. Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, no part of this book may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitt ed, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the writt en permission of both the copyright owner and the author of the book. Table of contents Acknowledgements 7 Introduction 9 1. Literary tradition 9 2. Th e author 14 3. Th e text 17 3.1 Th e prologue 17 3.2 Th e plot 18 3.3 Words and deeds 19 3.4 Literary space 23 3.5 Justice and its perversion 24 4.
    [Show full text]
  • List Old Testament Books of History
    List Old Testament Books Of History Zak is thinly graven after Romish Fergus theologising his Rangoon focally. Diatonic and neurovascular Zolly blats some Shiism so verbally! Adulterate Rab usually avulses some tetras or poussetting tetanically. For faith without worrying about their restored state university, finishing with what amounted to list of old testament books history List of parallels between the Old Testament and fell Near Eastern artifacts. THE ORDER matter THE BOOKS OF THE BIBLE Divisions. How We seen our name Testament Christian History Magazine. Summary of History writing the Bible. The you Testament Books Middletown Bible church. The Major Divisions of the superior Testament CBNcom. Historical periods 16th-13th Century BC 11th Century BC 10th to 9. The prophet tended to become dominated by different canons representing the group of. Of mad King James Bible in 1611 and the addition following several books that were. Here's public list on the complete Testament books in chronological order require the traditional approximate dates History Law Prophets Date Genesis. The walls of moses, his parents saw his head through interpreting the altar, and many wives who are indeed, people would today strengthens the books of revelation of a quest of. Early efforts to stand the historical authenticity of stories in the Bible have long walk way beyond a. The Bible is composed of 66 books by 40 different writers over 1500 years yet it. How many historical books are in one Old Testament? Here proclaim it? 4 The Historical Books Bibleorg. THE BIBLE OLD TESTAMENT including The Book Abraham's people Moses.
    [Show full text]
  • The Evolution of Hospitals from Antiquity to the Renaissance
    Acta Theologica Supplementum 7 2005 THE EVOLUTION OF HOSPITALS FROM ANTIQUITY TO THE RENAISSANCE ABSTRACT There is some evidence that a kind of hospital already existed towards the end of the 2nd millennium BC in ancient Mesopotamia. In India the monastic system created by the Buddhist religion led to institutionalised health care facilities as early as the 5th century BC, and with the spread of Buddhism to the east, nursing facilities, the nature and function of which are not known to us, also appeared in Sri Lanka, China and South East Asia. One would expect to find the origin of the hospital in the modern sense of the word in Greece, the birthplace of rational medicine in the 4th century BC, but the Hippocratic doctors paid house-calls, and the temples of Asclepius were vi- sited for incubation sleep and magico-religious treatment. In Roman times the military and slave hospitals were built for a specialised group and not for the public, and were therefore not precursors of the modern hospital. It is to the Christians that one must turn for the origin of the modern hospital. Hospices, originally called xenodochia, ini- tially built to shelter pilgrims and messengers between various bishops, were under Christian control developed into hospitals in the modern sense of the word. In Rome itself, the first hospital was built in the 4th century AD by a wealthy penitent widow, Fabiola. In the early Middle Ages (6th to 10th century), under the influence of the Be- nedictine Order, an infirmary became an established part of every monastery.
    [Show full text]
  • Social Change in Eleventh-Century Armenia: the Evidence from Tarōn Tim Greenwood (University of St Andrews)
    Social Change in Eleventh-Century Armenia: the evidence from Tarōn Tim Greenwood (University of St Andrews) The social history of tenth and eleventh-century Armenia has attracted little in the way of sustained research or scholarly analysis. Quite why this should be so is impossible to answer with any degree of confidence, for as shall be demonstrated below, it is not for want of contemporary sources. It may perhaps be linked to the formative phase of modern Armenian historical scholarship, in the second half of the nineteenth century, and its dominant mode of romantic nationalism. The accounts of political capitulation by Armenian kings and princes and consequent annexation of their territories by a resurgent Byzantium sat very uncomfortably with the prevailing political aspirations of the time which were validated through an imagined Armenian past centred on an independent Armenian polity and a united Armenian Church under the leadership of the Catholicos. Finding members of the Armenian elite voluntarily giving up their ancestral domains in exchange for status and territories in Byzantium did not advance the campaign for Armenian self-determination. It is also possible that the descriptions of widespread devastation suffered across many districts and regions of central and western Armenia at the hands of Seljuk forces in the eleventh century became simply too raw, too close to the lived experience and collective trauma of Armenians in these same districts at the end of the nineteenth and beginning of the twentieth centuries, to warrant
    [Show full text]
  • Personal Names and Denomination of Livonians in Early Written Sources
    ESUKA – JEFUL 2014, 5–1: 13–26 PERSONAL NAMES AND DENOMINATION OF LIVONIANS IN EARLY WRITTEN SOURCES Enn Ernits Estonian University of Life Sciences Abstract. This paper presents the timeline of ethnonyms denoting Livonians; specifies their chronology; and analyses the names used for this ethnos and possible personal names. If we consider the dating of the event, the earliest sources mentioning Livonians are Gesta Danorum and the Tale of Bygone Years (both 10th century), but both sources present rather dubious information: in the first the battle of Bråvalla itself or the date are dubious (6th, 8th or 10th century); in the latter we cannot be sure that the member of the Rus delegation was really a Livonian. If we consider the time of recording, the earliest sources are two rune inscriptions from Sweden (11th century), and the next is the list of neighbouring peoples of the Russians from the Tale of Bygone Years (12th century). The personal names Bicco and Ger referred in Gesta Danorum, and Либи Аръфастовъ in Tale of Bygone Years are very problematic. The first certain personal name of a Livonian is *Mustakka, *Mustukka or *Mustoikka (from Finnic *musta ‘black’) written in 1040–1050s on a strip of birch bark in Novgorod. Keywords: Livs, Finnic peoples, ethnonyms, anthroponyms, onomastics DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/jeful.2014.5.1.01 1. Introduction This paper (1) seeks to present the timeline of ethnonyms denoting Livonians; (2) to specify their chronology; (3) and to analyse the names used for this ethnos and possible personal names. It is supple- mental to the paper by Mauno Koski on words denoting Livonians (Koski 2011).
    [Show full text]
  • Federation to Hold Super Sunday on August 29 by Reporter Staff Contact the Federation Campaign
    August 13-26, 2021 Published by the Jewish Federation of Greater Binghamton Volume L, Number 17 BINGHAMTON, NEW YORK Federation to hold Super Sunday on August 29 By Reporter staff contact the Federation Campaign. When the The Jewish Federation of Greater Bing- at [email protected] community pledges hamton will hold Super Sunday on Sunday, or 724-2332. Marilyn early, the allocation August 29, at 10 am, at the Jewish Commu- Bell is the chairwom- process is much eas- nity Center, 500 Clubhouse Rd., Vestal. It an of Campaign 2022. ier. We also want the will feature a brunch, comedy by comedian “We are hoping snow birds to have Josh Wallenstein and a showing of the film to get community an opportunity to “Fiddler: A Miracle of Miracles” about the members to pledge gather before they Broadway musical “Fiddler on the Roof.” early again this year,” leave for sunnier Larry Kassan, who has directed productions said Shelley Hubal, climates this fall.” of the musical, will facilitate the film discus- executive director of Bell noted how im- sion. The cost of the brunch and film is $15 the Federation. “We started the 2021 Cam- portant the Campaign is to the community. and reservations are requested by Sunday, paign with almost 25 percent of the pledges “As I begin my fourth year as Campaign August 22. To make reservations, visit already made. That helped to cut back on chair, I know – and I know that you know the Federation website, www.jfgb.org/, or the manpower we needed to get through the – how essential our local organizations are to the Jewish community,” she said.
    [Show full text]
  • The Art of Staying Neutral the Netherlands in the First World War, 1914-1918
    9 789053 568187 abbenhuis06 11-04-2006 17:29 Pagina 1 THE ART OF STAYING NEUTRAL abbenhuis06 11-04-2006 17:29 Pagina 2 abbenhuis06 11-04-2006 17:29 Pagina 3 The Art of Staying Neutral The Netherlands in the First World War, 1914-1918 Maartje M. Abbenhuis abbenhuis06 11-04-2006 17:29 Pagina 4 Cover illustration: Dutch Border Patrols, © Spaarnestad Fotoarchief Cover design: Mesika Design, Hilversum Layout: PROgrafici, Goes isbn-10 90 5356 818 2 isbn-13 978 90 5356 8187 nur 689 © Amsterdam University Press, Amsterdam 2006 All rights reserved. Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, no part of this book may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the written permission of both the copyright owner and the author of the book. abbenhuis06 11-04-2006 17:29 Pagina 5 Table of Contents List of Tables, Maps and Illustrations / 9 Acknowledgements / 11 Preface by Piet de Rooij / 13 Introduction: The War Knocked on Our Door, It Did Not Step Inside: / 17 The Netherlands and the Great War Chapter 1: A Nation Too Small to Commit Great Stupidities: / 23 The Netherlands and Neutrality The Allure of Neutrality / 26 The Cornerstone of Northwest Europe / 30 Dutch Neutrality During the Great War / 35 Chapter 2: A Pack of Lions: The Dutch Armed Forces / 39 Strategies for Defending of the Indefensible / 39 Having to Do One’s Duty: Conscription / 41 Not True Reserves? Landweer and Landstorm Troops / 43 Few
    [Show full text]
  • Christianization of the Territory of Today's Moravia and Slovakia Before 8631 Pokristjanjevanje Ozemlja Današnje Moravske In
    655 Izvirni znanstveni članek/Article (1.01) Bogoslovni vestnik/Theological Quarterly 80 (2020) 3, 655—667 Besedilo prejeto/Received:04/2020; sprejeto/Accepted:07/2020 UDK/UDC: 272-9(437.32+437.6) DOI: 10.34291/BV2020/03/Ivanic © 2020 Ivanič, CC BY 4.0 Peter Ivanič Christianization of the Territory of Today’s Moravia and Slovakia before 8631 Pokristjanjevanje ozemlja današnje Moravske in Slo- vaške pred letom 863 Abstract: Christianization, associated with consolidation of power and establish- ment of early Christian state formations, contributed significantly to creation of medieval Europe. Although the territory of today´s Moravia (eastern part of the Czech Republic) and Slovakia came into contact with Christianity already at the end of antiquity, the more intensive Christianization of these lands took place only from the 8th century, when this territory was settled by Slavs. Mis- sionaries from the Frankish Empire, from the territory of Istria, Dalmatia and northern Italy came here. Domestic Slavic elites started to convert to Christian- ity as from the 9th century. For them, Christianity became a means of recogniz- ing their social status externally and allowed them to integrate with the more culturally advanced Christian world. Archaeological findings (e.g. crosses and captorgs, plaques and bells from Bojná, objects of secular character), written sources, sacral architecture and burying methods testify to the existence of Christianity in the territory of today´s Moravia and Slovakia, especially in cen- ters of the power. Key words: christianization, Christianity, missionaries, Slovakia, Moravia Povzetek: Pokristjanjevanje, povezano z utrjevanjem oblasti in vzpostavljanjem zgodnjih krščanskih državnih tvorb, je odločilno prispevalo k oblikovanju sre- dnjeveške Evrope.
    [Show full text]
  • (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub
    US 20040245547A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2004/0245547 A1 Stipe (43) Pub. Date: Dec. 9, 2004 (54) ULTRA LOW-COST SOLID-STATE MEMORY Publication Classi?cation (75) Inventor; Barry Cushing Stipe, San Jose, CA (51) Int. Cl.7 ................................................ .. H01L 31/109 (Us) (52) US. Cl. ............................................................ .. 257/200 Correspondence Address: (57) ABSTRACT JOSEPH P. CURTIN . A three-dimensional solid-state memory is formed from a plurality of bit lines, a plurality of layers, a plurality of tree ’ structures and a plurality of plate lines. Bit lines extend in a (73) A551 nee, Hitachi Global Stora e Technolo ies ?rst direction in a ?rst plane. Each layer includes an array of g ' B V AZ Amsterdam g memory cells, such as ferroelectric or hysteretic-resistor ' " memory cells. Each tree structure corresponds to a bit line, (21) APPL NO: 10/751 740 has a trunk portion and at least one branch portion. The trunk ’ portion of each tree structure extends from a corresponding (22) Filed; Jam 5, 2004 bit line, and each tree structure corresponds to a plurality of layers. Each branch portion corresponds to at least one layer Related US, Application Data and extends from the trunk portion of a tree structure. Plate lines correspond to at least one layer and overlap the branch (63) Continuation-in-part of application No. 10/453,137, portion of each tree structure in at least one roW of tree ?led on Jun. 3, 2003, noW abandoned. structures at a plurality of intersection regions. SRIIIIII DRAM HIIIJ FLASH PROBE GUM MTJ-MRAM 3D-MHAM MATRIX ITFBRIIM GT FERAM 001 size 50F? 012 512 502 502 5F? 002 5e? 512 002 502 Minimum "1" 100m 300m 100m 30 0m 311m 100m 40 nm 400m 10 nm 100m 100m MEX.
    [Show full text]
  • The Heirs of Alcuin: Education and Clerical Advancement in Ninth-Century Carolingian Europe
    The Heirs of Alcuin: Education and Clerical Advancement in Ninth-Century Carolingian Europe Darren Elliot Barber Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Leeds Institute for Medieval Studies December 2019 ii The candidate confirms that the work submitted is his own and that appropriate credit has been given where reference has been made to the work of others. This copy has been supplied on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. iii Acknowledgements I wish to thank my supervisors, Julia Barrow and William Flynn, for their sincere encouragement and dedication to this project. Heeding their advice early on made this research even more focused, interesting, and enjoyable than I had hoped it would be. The faculty and staff of the Institute for Medieval Studies and the Brotherton Library have been very supportive, and I am grateful to Melanie Brunner and Jonathan Jarrett for their good advice during my semesters of teaching while writing this thesis. I also wish to thank the Reading Room staff of the British Library at Boston Spa for their friendly and professional service. Finally, I would like to thank Jonathan Jarrett and Charles West for conducting such a gracious viva examination for the thesis, and Professor Stephen Alford for kindly hosting the examination. iv Abstract During the Carolingian renewal, Alcuin of York (c. 740–804) played a major role in promoting education for children who would later join the clergy, and encouraging advanced learning among mature clerics.
    [Show full text]