Challenges Innovation As Enabler In In ’s Developing Agrotourism Agrotourism Industry Products

Pg2 Pg3

Apr 2015 Vol: 005

ISSN 2289-6511

9 772289 651006

Malaysia And FAO Strengthen Agrotechnology Parks As MARDI Orchid Hybrids Synchronized Flowering of Tecoma, Partnership Platforms For Agrotourism the Malaysian Cherry Blossoms

Pg2 Pg5 Pg6 Pg9 Agrotourism In Malaysia: Direction And Development Strategy

Malaysia, contributing 16.1% of the Gross Generally, agrotourism refers to the well as tourism segments. By: Dr. Chubashini Suntharalingam, Domestic Product in 2013 and supporting involvement of agricultural activities for Among the goals of the roadmap is to Rosnani Harun and Nik Rozana Nik Mohd 1.9 million jobs. the purpose of enjoyment and education. make agrotourism as a source of income Masdek, Economic and Technology Between 1998 and 2013, the number of Agrotourism in Malaysia has assisted for local communities. Management Research Centre, MARDI international tourists increased by ap- local communities, such as farmers, Most agrotourism entrepreneurs are proximately five folds, from 5.6 million educate visitors on farming activities and locals in rural communities and this has to 25.7 million. During the same period, in return the farmers are compensated for the potential for increasing the income of income generated by the arrival of in- the services offered. rural communities. The sector is being grotourism is a subsector of the ternational tourists also increased from A good roadmap and clear strategy developed with a variety of products based travel and tourism industry RM8.6 billion to RM65.44 billion. is crucial in any effort to develop on education, agriculture, food, health, that has huge potential and can A Venturing into agrotourism as a di- agrotourism under the National Agrofood homestays, exhibitions, handicrafts, faith increase farmers income regardless of versification strategy has brought great Policy 2011 - 2020. A clear roadmap will and culture. where they are. opportunities and advantages to the nation’s help ensure that this important sector The tourism industry is one of the tourism sector. Agrotourism is also commonly remains robust, competitive and relevant fastest growing economic sectors in termed as ecotourism or rural tourism. in further developing the agricultural as More on page 8 Fruit Farm Agrotourism to various agriculture-based This park attracted tourists By: Adam H. Gerten @ Gerten attractions and even farms from all corners of the world and anak Dominic, MARDI Bintulu, where tourists get a feel of some have fallen in love with it Dr. Salma Idris, MARDI Serdang, farming life as well as tasting and made the park their regular Pearlycia Brooke, Department of the produce grown on location. vacation stop and became brand Agriculture, Abroad there are farm stays ambassadors by promoting it to where tourists get to experience their friends. actual farm life by taking part The Tropical griculture is Business’ is in the daily activities while in Fruit Farm is an example of a the slogan for strength- Malaysia some farmers have privately developed agrotourism ‘A ening the agricultural turned their fruit farms into fruit farm and it features more sector under the Ninth tourist attractions. than 250 types of local exotic Malaysia Plan, encompassing MARDI Langkawi Agrotech- fruits in 25 acres. commercial and biotechnology nology Park is an example of an aspects and not just generating agrotourism attraction with 20 income through the sale of farm species of commercial and wild products. Agrotourism is part of fruits, seasonal and non-seasonal More on page 3 the business of agriculture. local fruits such as durian, Agrotourism is not new in rambutan, mango, jackfruit, wax Malaysia, attracting tourists apples and many more. 2 Apr 2015 VIEW POINT Challenges In Malaysia’s Agrotourism Industry related to food, agriculture, livestock also attract foreign visitors and fishery that can be developed into Although agrotourism is relatively innovative agrotourism products and young in this country, it has the events. potential to provide handsome returns For example, we can have Food to the economy and should be further Festivals celebrating our varied food explored. tradition, a Harvest Fiesta that shares In 2009, agrotourism contributed 4% our colourful harvest traditions and to the country’s tourism industry and it cultures and Orchid Fiesta to showcase is expected to rise to 6% by 2020 and the the many beautiful orchid varieties. number of agrotourists are expected to We can even have a Squid Catching rise from 2 million in 2013 to 6 million Festival to share how this favourite in 2020. seafood is caught or we can have a Fruit In line with the theme of the 2015 Buffet Week to get tourists to try out budget which puts emphasis on the our delicious tropical fruits or even an people, the development of agrotourism event involving rice planting to teach should also focus on the people’s how Asia’s most important staple is economy and we have chosen the cultivated. theme “Agrotourism: New Source of Such fiestas can be developed into a Prosperity” to reflect this. tourism brand and event and must be Agrotourism should help improve the income of farmers, breeders and he tourism sector is key to the tourism infrastructures and even listed in the country’s tourism calendar. fishermen, open new job opportunities country’s economic growth and in declared the year as Visit Malaysia Year. Creativity and innovation is crucial and encourage the growth of associated 2013 it contributed RM65.4 billion When tabling the 2015 budget, the in any activity, including agrotourism T activities. to our Gross Domestic Product through Prime Minister, who is also the Finance and the players must come up with For example, tourists to Cameron tourist spending and foreign exchange. Minister allocated RM316 million for products, brand them and market them. Highlands helped to improve the sale Tourist arrivals rose 2.7% in 2013 to tourism and declared this year as While the government does what of local agricultural products and the 25.7 million compared to 25 million in ‘Malaysia - Year of Festivals 2015’ it can to develop agrotourism, the tourist trade accounts for 25% or RM150 the previous year. In the first quarter of and we are expected to attract 29.4 private sector must pitch in by creating million in sales of vegetables, flowers 2014, Malaysia hosted 7.1 million inter- million foreign tourists and bring in new products and activities that are and other agricultural products. national tourists and this is almost 10% RM89 billion. innovative and can attract visitors. I hope the National Seminar on more than the 6.45 million tourists who In line with this development, the Agrotourism in Malaysia still relies Agrotourism 2014 will spur new ideas arrived during the same period in 2013. challenge for the Government and heavily on domestic visitors and the and developments in the industry and The government continues to the private sector is to transform country’s constantly improving living give birth to new initiatives that can strengthen the tourism industry and agrotourism and lift it to the same level standards means that our local tourists react quickly to the rapid development allocated RM2 billion in 2014 to build of importance as the other tourism sub- have higher expectations than before . of the industry. sectors. Therefore, agrotourism products It is my wish to see everyone take should be developed to take into advantage of the Government’s focus on account their desires and expectations tourism and make ‘Malaysia - Year of and a detailed study on this would be DATO’ SRI ISMAIL SABRI YAAKOB Festivals 2015’ a success. very useful to the industry. Although Minister of Agriculture and The agrotourism sub-sector has emphasis should be given to domestic Agro-based Industry many festivals or fiestas that are tourists, agrotourism products must National Agrotourism Seminar 2014

Advisor • Dato’ Dr. Sharif Haron (Director General MARDI) Malaysia And FAO Strengthen MARDI Editorial Team Partnership • Dr. Mohamad Roff Mohd Noor • Dr. Ainu Husna MS Suhaimi • Rohani Md Yon • Maheswary Vellupillai • Norhafizah Mohd Yusof • Muhammad Zahid Azmi

Copywriter • Shamsul Bahari Mohd Yunos

Designer • Sham Hosni

Art Director • Spice Communications Sdn Bhd STRONGER TIES – FAO representation, Senior MOA Officials and MARDI officers at the ‘Strengthening Malaysia – FAO For enquiries, please contact Cooperation Workshop’ Scientia MARDI food and agriculture as well as poverty African countries to overcome extreme MARDI Headquarters, By: Dario Gilmozzi reduction. With its policies and trans- poverty and hunger. Persiaran MARDI-UPM, FAO Headquarters, Rome, Italy formation programmes, in the past To translate the interest expressed 43400 Serdang , two decades or so, Malaysia has made by Minister of Agriculture and tremendous progress in agricultural Agro-Based Industry and the FAO Tel : 603-8943 7317 n September 2014, FAO Director Fax : 603-8984 3664 development, poverty reduction and Director General into reality, the Email : [email protected] General Jose’ Graziano da Silva food security. In fact, by 2014, Malaysia Malaysian Permanent Representative [email protected] Ivisited Malaysia to discuss a had already achieved the hunger target in Rome, senior Government officials number of issues of common interest. set by the first Millennium Development from Ministry of Agriculture and Recognising Malaysia’s achievements Goal MDG-1 “to reduce by 2015 at least Agro-Based Industry (MOA), and FAO especially in eradicating poverty and by half the proportion of people in the senior officials, have enhanced their hunger, through innovative transfor- country suffering from undernourish- collaborative efforts. In November 2014, mation programmes, the FAO Director ment”. For this reason, on 30 November an FAO delegation visited Malaysia and General and the Minister of Agriculture 2014, FAO officially awarded Malaysia in December 2014, this was reciprocated and Agro-Based Industry, Dato’ Sri for reaching the MDG-1 target. This by a visit of senior Government officials Ismail Sabri bin Yaakob, jointly signed achievement will certainly serve as from Malaysia to FAO headquarters to a letter declaring their interest in an inspiration for other countries continue the negotiation. establishing an FAO Office in Malaysia in their continued efforts towards For navigation and contact, and in developing a partnership eradicating extreme poverty and scan with your smartphone programme within the framework of hunger. Furthermore, many believe South-South Cooperation in the areas of that the Malaysian experience can help More on page 12 Apr 2015 3 TECHNOLOGY

EDITORIAL Innovation As Enabler In Developing Agrotourism Products

within the first 10 minutes of interaction can see how important it is for a tourism of future generations. and infrastructure plays a key role in product to be special and give visitors a In this example, tourists are exposed creating a good first impression. memorable experience. to the exciting prospect of seeing a Meanwhile, the enablers are factors Agrotourism products are also pristine environment teeming with that support and encourage the growth considered educational and most visitors fish that exists as a result of deliberate of a particular tourism destination or expect to discover something new, efforts of the local native community, product and they include marketing, whether they are agricultural products, an experience that they cannot enjoy transport, branding, promotions and practices or cultures. They also relate anywhere else. service level. agriculture to nature, beauty and spa In Terengganu, tourists can take Visitors come for the products, products. part in ‘Fiesta Menggerau Ikan’, which however, if the infrastructure is lacking The more obvious attractions include is a unique way of catching fish through and the enablers are not up to standard, learning about livestock rearing or just traditional netting method which is there is little chance of the visitors seeing a wild animal in a controlled hardly seen outside of Hulu Terengganu. returning and may even share their bad environment. Branding, unique concepts and experiences with their circle of influence. Picking fruits and other agricultural taglines help to differentiate MARDI At the Cameron Highlands products as well as visiting a farmers’ Agrotechnology Parks from other Agrotourism Park we have identified market is part of their expectations of an tourism parks and this helps to give nice products, six key infrastructure agrotourism product. them an edge over the many destinations requirements and three enablers. A farm attraction can be packaged that jostle for tourist attention and Among the three enablers are into an experience that includes a visit, dollars. branding and marketing, training and with educational explanation, product The parks are built around the By: Dato’ Dr. Sharif Haron skills development and research and tasting and even an overnight experience TICER concept which combines Director General, MARDI development. to turn a simple visit into a memorable Technology, Innovation, Conservation, We believe that innovations in occasion. An example of this is the Education and Recreation. hen launching the Langkawi terms of products, technology, strategy, ‘Durian Tour’ in and Penang. MARDI’s experience in Cameron Tourism Blueprint in 2011, branding, marketing and process A strong branding and marketing Highlands show that the number WPrime Minister, Datuk Seri can ensure sustainable growth of our effort has made these tours successful in of tourists really began to rise once identified three key elements agrotourism park. attracting visitors and they have become innovative products were introduced that determine the success of the tourism Innovation must be made systemic truly premium tourism products. and promoted. These products revolve industry in Malaysia, infrastructures, and affect the entire value chain, carried The Nong Nooch Tropical Botanical around the idea of the living classroom products and enablers. out by cross-functional teams and take Garden in Thailand is an agrotourism as well as ways of engaging visitors into A good agrotourism destination place continuously. product based on education, preservation, agriculture and conservation. We call must be sustainable and innovative, An innovative agrotourism product research and conservation. them Tani Warriors and Green Shoot. but the approach must be done in a should have the ‘WOW’ factor. It should It is unique by being ‘the most These youngsters engagement holistic manner taking into account a be unique with some sort of competitive beautiful’ garden in South East Asia, programmes include photo competition, combination of product, technology, advantage and should be iconic in a way with the largest collection of palms and cooking experience, fun run, product marketing, organisation, process, that is related to agrotourism, be it in orchids. These features and the unique tasting, preservation of traditional branding and strategy because creative the sharing of farming methods or food marketing positioning have allowed farming methods and many others. and innovative products alone cannot processing techniques. this 600-acre park to attract more than Innovation can ensure that ensure success. According to ‘Sustainable Rural a million visitors every year. agrotourism products are unique and Infrastructure is the first touchpoint Tourism’, visitors flock to agrotourism An example of a unique culture being iconic and this will make it a competitive for visitors. The types of facilities destinations to purchase or taste or marketed innovatively is the TAGAL subsector within the already competitive available determine what kind of first experience unique non-food products and System among the Kadazandusun in tourism industry. Systemic innovation is impression generated in the minds of usually they make a day out to the venue , where a particular ecosystem is the way forward in ensuring sustainable tourists. First impressions are made to mark a special occasion. From here we maintained and sustained for the benefit growth and development of the sector.

• From front page Fruit Farm Agrotourism

Their package includes a as well as maintaining the especially if the natural guided farm tour that lasts for ecosystem. beauty, biodiversity and 45 minutes and culminates Farmers are taken to unique local customs are in a fruit tasting session and farm-based agrotourism properly presented to them. a complimentary fresh fruit attractions to expose them to The ‘Diversity Block’ juice made on the farm. the idea and open their minds approach is being used to The Desaru Fruit Farm was to the different aspects of concentrate and relocate voted the best agrotourism agriculture. various fruit species in one site in Malaysia in 2006 and it Kampung Kakeng in area. Tourists can also climb covers 180 acres with 100 types Serian is one of the rural the prepared track to the of fruit trees. Here visitors are communities chosen to take nearby Mount Tara. given a chance to understand part in this project and it has Along the way, tourists can stop at several fruit farms good farming practices and the potential to thrive as a and sample unique local fruits their unique integrated pest tourist destination as it offers a while enjoying the gorgeous management programme. unique experience of visiting a sceneries. MARDI Strategic Resources fruit farm that features species Agriculture and non-agri- Research Centre with the that occur naturally in the culture based products are also cooperation of the Sarawak, area. being developed to inject more Sabah and Peninsular The variety of fruit species, variation into the agrotourism Malaysia Department of the pristine environment and sector while diversifying the Agriculture has embarked beautiful landscape are the farmers’ income. on a project for rejuvenating most valuable assets of the This activity creates biodiversity. The project is local Bidayuh community. a system for rejuvenating funded by UNEP-GEF and Fruit trees here are planted tropical fruit species in-situ in supervised by Biodiversity to preserve their wild and a way that makes it attractive International. natural characteristics, to tourists. Through this project, creating a fruit farm that is agrotourism through local minimally invasive to the fruit farms has been identified surrounding ecosystem. as a way of increasing farmers’ The highland location income and can contribute and beautiful scenery can towards food production attract international tourists, 4 Apr 2015 TECHNOLOGY

Root Restriction Technology To Control Tree Size

Root restricted starfruits Root restricted and non-root restricted plants

been used to retard vegetative growth, non-woven fabric resulted in higher yield supply and earlier reproduction which By: Dr. Zainudin Meon these chemicals had many detrimental and reduction in tree size in all fruit has no effect on numbers at Horticulture Research Centre , MARDI effects on the plants. For instance, types tested. anthesis and full bloom. excessive use of paclobutrazol and In starfruits for instance, due to Precocious and high efficient plants diaminazode has reportedly reduced the absence of dwarfing rootstocks, are advantageous in enhancing yield igger is not always better in the terminal shoot growth and areas in the control of growth has been done efficiency at the same time minimising fruit industry. If the tree is too fruits resulting in tree crowding, all of physically through restricted containers water usage and fertilizer applications. big then harvesting may be more B which reduce yield in the next cropping. for commercialised planting. The Root restriction technology has also difficult. The use of geotextile membrane has restricted plants had 18% higher yield been tested on fast-growing landscape Fast and vigorous growth of fruit been effective as root barriers. It blocks compared to conventional planting and trees. Excessive growth of fast-growing trees is a major problem for viable fruit cultivation in Malaysia. A series of regenerating roots and this has proved due to their smaller size, four times more species often caused pavement cracks studies were conducted to investigate beneficial. trees can be planted in a given area. and road damage. Large canopy and big the effects of root restriction technology In-ground fabric containers made of No nutrient deficiency symptoms branches also caused limb breakage. on growth and economic yield of tropical non-woven polypropylene geotextile have were observed within the first two years Root restriction technique has been fruit species such as starfruit, mango, been suitable in preventing excessive root of planting. Among the other profound successfully used to suppress root system citrus and wax apple. growth beneath the container. effects of root restriction are hastening and obtain desired tree size and control Although numerous chemicals have The restriction in root growth by the in flowering, even distribution of water excessive shoot growth. Micro Cutting For Mass Propagation Of Landscape Trees

By: Ab. Kahar Sandrang, Sakinah Idris and Zabedah Mahmood Horticulture Research Centre, MARDI

he micro cutting method for vegetative propagation has the Tpotential to solve the problem of inconsistent seed supply of landscape trees. Most of landscape trees are propagated using seeds. Inconsistency of seed supply and low viability posed problems in the production of landscape materials. For example, the golden chain tree (Lophanthera lactescens) produces thousands of seeds per tree but the viability is less than 1%. Vegetative propagation would facilitate the propagation to be carried out at any time and in a large quantity. However, not all tree species are readily multiplied by vegetative propagation methods, some require special environment and techniques. A propagation technique called ‘micro cutting’ has been developed which could overcome the problem in multiplication of difficult to propagate species. Micro cutting is a propagation technique that uses stem cuttings Figure 1. Process flow of micro cutting in relation to the other propagation techniques obtained from juvenile mother plants, either raised from seeds or micro cm in length can be planted in any since some of the indigenous species produced. propagation. The process flow of micro propagation systems as they do not identified for the purpose are difficult to Micro cutting can be utilised for cutting is described in Figure 1. require any special propagation facility. multiply or cannot be multiplied with the cloning of trees with special traits. Cuttings from the juvenile mother However, it is recommended that present propagation techniques. For example, landscape trees with plants are normally easier to root open capillary propagation system with Micro cutting enables propagation synchronized flowering which would give because they contain less rooting perlite as the medium to be used. and multiplication of such species and the ‘sakura effect’ and the yellow rain inhibitors and less physical barrier for Rooting usually takes place between this creates new business. tree (YRT) that give the autumn effect the root initials to develop into roots. one and three weeks, and the rooted Planting of 20 million trees by 2020 can be cloned for these special purposes. The mother plants are prepared cuttings can be transplanted into pots could be achieved through efficient Micro cutting will also facilitate the in a special mother beds. The at 3 - 4 weeks. production of planting materials. This cloning and mass propagation of selected juvenility of mother plants could be For long distance transportation, the has a direct influence on the nursery and forest species in a cheaper way and this maintained for about three years by rooted cuttings are kept in small plastic landscaping industries. planting them in a dense planting facilitates reforestation. bags (20 cuttings each) and packed in There is great potential for export of system, frequently pruned and under Low cost of production and profit- carton boxes. indigenous materials. Some materials shaded condition. ability enables production of planting Micro cutting has the potential of are already in high demand overseas Micro cuttings, either from the increasing the number of tress that can but supply is insufficient. Through this materials especially those of high value terminal or intermediate sections of be exploited for landscaping especially technique, materials can be rapidly mass to be carried out at a commercial scale. mother plant shoots, cut about 3 - 4 Apr 2015 5 ACHIEVEMENT Agrotechnology Parks As Platforms For Agrotourism

community. more interest in farming. park is a large-scale in situ conservation By: Dato’ Dr. Masri Muhammad, This is in line with MARDI’s Opened in 2003, the Cameron area for tropical fruit varieties and Deputy Director General (Rt), MARDI mandate to carry out research in Highlands Agrotechnology Park is a ecosystems where natural landscapes Dr. Ainu Husna M S Suhaimi, farming and food production, and centre of excellence for research and and their diversity are conserved. Corporate Communication, International promote, transfer and commercialise innovation in highlands farming. Demonstration plots are available & Quality Division, MARDI the technologies to target groups. Since Its motto is “Towards Sustainable for integrating technologies for the its establishment, MARDI has developed Highlands Agriculture”. cultivation of plant species and varieties many new technologies and innovations Located at an altitude of 1,400 meters, under greenhouses as well as orchard- he success of MARDI’s Agro- which are documented in various the park attracts many visitors. The based farming system. technology Parks in Cameron publications but very few have been put cool climate (14-240C) allows visitors Visitors will be able to see technology- THighlands and Langkawi is proof on show or display so they can be better to experience the serenity of specialty based agricultural products and up to 20 that agriculture can be developed into appreciated by the public. gardens such as English, Nepenthes, varieties of tropical fruit trees, vegetable major tourism attractions and products. Various strategies and methods Orchid and Home Kitchen/Edible and herb gardens as well as stingless bee Steps are in place to further develop have been used to promote the transfer Garden. farming. these agrotechnology parks into world of technologies and innovations to Strawberry cultivation plots, tea Perhaps the most famous attraction class tourist destinations. Two key areas the target groups through seminars, plantation, fertigation and hydrophonic is the guided tour through the fruit which need further improvement are lectures, demonstrations, exhibitions, models such as vertical farming that farms which also includes a buffet of infrastructure and amenities as they are publications and others. tackles land erosions are also on show mouth watering, luscious seasonal and important touchpoints for visitors and Agrotoursim is actually a method to help everyone learn something new non-seasonal tropical fruits. can really enhance their first impression used by MARDI to promote and transfer and interesting about agrotechnology Equipped with an observation tower, and overall holiday experience. technologies. and how it makes our lives better. cafeteria and gift shop, the park with its As a tourist destination, these parks The agrotechnology park is Part of the park is the oldest edutainment concept is appealing to all. focus on agricultural technologies and showcased as a living classroom operating tea processing plant which Langkawi also offers several innovations while featuring traditional where visitors can see, learn and gain has been in operation since 1935 and it interesting tourism packages that values and a bit of history to ensure information about the latest technologies is considered a priceless heritage and a include camping, farm tour, jungle that they meet the goals of sustainable and innovations in agriculture. living museum. trekking, flying fox and team building. agrotourism in technology development As a tourist destination, these parks The park is also home for the The Langkawi Agrotechnology while sustaining traditions. need to appeal to a wide spectrum of dramatic jade vine (Strongylodon Park recorded 3,383 visitors in 2005 and MARDI developed the two agro- visitors and to do this, the parks also macrobotrys) that features clusters of rose to 24,122 in 2008 before jumping to technology parks as a platform for a feature elements of agricultural history unique claw-like jade blue flowers that 56,782 in 2011, while income rose from unique way of promoting agriculture and allows visitors to see traditional can grow up to 90 cm in length and is the RM130,000 in 2006 to RM700,000 in 2011. through tourism while offering a farming methods and even show a icon flower of the park. The park received close to 89,000 visitors unique experience to visitors by selection of genetic sources for plants. The park also has recreational in 2014. following the TICER concept which Everything is presented in a facilities such as playgrounds, petting In contrast to Cameron Highlands combines Technology, Innovation, beautifully landscaped environment that zoo, gazebos, giant teapot replica, where nearly all the visitors are Conservation, Education and Recreation. is also a sustainable farming ecosystem. cafeterias and accommodation making domestic tourists, Langkawi’s position The agrotechnology parks are not just Agrotourism products are MARDI Cameron Highlands Agro- as an international travel destination tourist spots, but have the potential educational but they should not be too technology Park an ideal vacation meant that more than 85% of Langkawi for sparking technology transfer and serious and information should be destination for all ages. Agrotechnology Park visitors are foreign spur innovations among the farmer shared through easy to follow narratives In 2004, the park attracted 44,590 tourists. or storytelling so that the result is visitors. The number rose to 131,300 in The latest addition to the family is a combination of agrotainment and 2008 and jumped to 190,000 in 2011 or the recently approved Cherating Agro- edutainment. a quarter of all tourists to Cameron technology Park which will put emphasis Among the activities Highlands. on coconut-based agrotourism, including conducted at the parks are The number of visitors are expected integrated farming with fruits, herbs, pick-pay-pack, petting to rise to 350,000 in 2015 and as a result bee keeping and livestock rearing. zoo, organic fertiliser of the growth, income from tourist The facility’s strategic seaside processing, cooking activities grew from RM770,000 in 2006 location is expected to draw tourists, competitions, flower to RM1.97 million in 2011. Nearly 95% especially international visitors who arrangment, ketupat of MARDI Cameron Highlands Agro- come to the popular seaside resort town weaving and others. technology Park visitors are domestic of Cherating. This approach tourists. Infrastructure development allows visitors to gain Langkawi Agrotechnology Park was including an arrival lobby and parking first-hand experience launched in July 2005 and visitors there area is underway. Currently MARDI of TICER and this in- can see innovations related to tropical Cherating is attracting between 2,000 teractivity promotes fruit growing and processing as well as and 3,000 visitors and the number is better understand- vegetable and herb production. expected to grow to 10,000 once the park ing and generates Spread on 25 hectares of land, this is fully operational. 6 Apr 2015 FOCUS MARDI Orchid Hybrids orchids are exported to Singapore and has embarked on an orchid breeding flowers per spray, flower shelf-life and By: Dr. Rozlaily Zainol and Farah Zaidat other major export markets including programme to assist the orchid industry plant vigour are the main characteris- Mohd Nadzri, Japan, Greece, Azerbaijan, Australia, in Malaysia. tics aimed by orchid breeders. The novel Horticulture Research Centre, MARDI New Zealand, Netherland, USA and The development of new orchid characters such as fragrance and unique Mauritius. varieties is done through hybridi- shapes are considered as bonus. Orchids in Malaysia are marketed as sation and more than 25 beautiful Almost all MARDI’s hybrids rchid is listed as one of the cut-flower, potted and landscape plants. new variations have been developed. were named to honour distinguished country’s four important However, the cut-flower market for Emphasis was given for development persons and all these hybrids had Ofloriculture commodities and orchids is shrinking whereas demand of new tropical orchid types such as been registered with the International it represents 38% of the Malaysian for potted and landscape plants are the Vandaceous and Dendrobium while Registration Authority for Orchid floriculture industry with production increasing. Cattleya, a temperate orchid type, was Hybrids in United Kingdom. of 417 million tonnes of flowers valued The industry is constrained by developed to be a heat tolerant hybrid to at RM336,998 from 2,224 ha of production several factors and one of them is lack meet demands in niche markets. areas. of new competitive varieties to keep pace Good flower quality in terms of More than 80% of Malaysian with consumer preferences. MARDI flower shape, colour, size, number of

MARDI Fragrant Orchids

Two cultivars of sweet fragrant Rhyncholaeliocattleya Datin Seri Rosmah were Renantanda Datuk Dr. Abd Shukor was launched by Datin Seri Rosmah Mansor during her visit to MAHA 2010 and 2014 named after the 8th Director General of MARDI before his retirement in 2012

Cattlianthe Datin Rahailah was named Cattleya Datin Robiah was named after Trichovanda MARDI, a unique strongly Asocenda Puan Sri Suslita has unique after the wife of the 8th Director Gen- the wife of the Secretary General, Min- fragrant variety was generated using flower shape and strongly fragrant eral of MARDI, Datuk Dr. Abdul Shukor istry of Agriculture and Agro-based In- the wild orchid species,Trichoglottis fa- bin Abd. Rahman, in March 2011 dustry, Dato’ Mohd Mokhtar bin Ismail, in August 2010 ciata x Vanda tricolor var. suavis

The ‘Sun-Loving’ Orchids For Landscaping

Renanthera Tan Sri Dr. Ali was named Dendrobium Bidimahan, a curly horn- Vanda Datin Seri Doctor Aishah was after the Chief Secretary to the Gov- type Dendrobium, is suitable for land- named after the wife of the honourable ernment of Malaysia, Tan Sri Dr. Ali scaping due to the compact and long Minister of Agriculture and Agro-based Hamsa, during his visit to MARDI in inflorescences and ‘heat-tolerance’ char- December 2013 acteristics. The hybrid derived its name Industry, Datuk Seri Haji Noh Omar, from a combination of names of the Di- during her visit to MAHA in 2010 rector General Public Service Malaysia, Tan Sri Mohamad Zabidi Zainal and his wife, Puan Sri Asmahan Ismail Apr 2015 7 FOCUS

MARDI Royal Orchids

Dendrobium Sultanah Kalsom was named after Her Royal Highness, Dendrobium Tuanku Nur Zahirah was named after Her Royal Highness, the Sultanah of the Sultanah of Terengganu

Mokara Tuanku Siti Aishah was released in conjunction with the work- Dendrobium Tuanku Fauziah was named in honour of Her Majesty Seri ing visit of the late Seri Paduka Baginda Yang di-Pertuan Agong XI and Paduka Baginda Raja Permaisuri Agong XII, in September 2002 Seri Paduka Baginda Raja Permaisuri Agong to MARDI headquarters in July 2000

A trigeneric orchid, Mokara Tengku Anis, was named in honour of Her Dendrobium Abdullah Badawi was named after the honourable 5th Royal Highness DYMM Raja Perempuan in March 2009 Prime Minister, Dato’ Seri Abdullah bin Hj. Ahmad Badawi, in Novem- ber 2006

A bigeneric hybrid, Aranda Doctor Siti Hasmah, was named in honour Mokara Datin Seri Endon was named after Datin Paduka Seri Endon of Tun Dr. Siti Hasmah Mohd. Ali, the wife of the fourth Prime Minister, Mahmood, the wife of our 5th Prime Minister, Dato’ Seri Abdullah Ah- Tun Dr. Mathathir Mohammad in 2004 mad Badawi

Dendrobium Datin Seri Jeanne was named after the wife of our 5th Mokara Puan Sri Noorainee was named after the wife of our current Prime Minister, Dato’ Seri , in conjunction with Deputy Prime Minister and the Education Minister of Malaysia, Tan Sri her visit to MAHA 2008 Dato’ Hj. Muhyiddin bin Hj. Mohd Yassin, during his position as the Minister of Agriculture and Agro-based Industry in 2005 8 Apr 2015 COMMERCIALISATION

• From front page Agrotourism In Malaysia: Direction And Development Strategy

Another example of agrotourism can providers must be trained and empowered be experienced by visiting MARDI’s agro- to attend to the needs of tourists with a technology parks in Cameron Highlands personal touch. Hotels and lodges that offer and Langkawi. Both these parks showcase extraordinary services in comfortable the latest agricultural technologies and settings are very much sought after these innovations with amazing landscape days. architecture. Certification and a rating system for Holiday agrotourism packages are agrotourism locations can encourage also offered to tourists to experience life operators to improve their facilities. in rural areas and exploring sites that Regular maintenance of agroparks are conserved and preserved to protect is crucial. Entrance fees can be utilised Malaysia’s rich biodiverse flora and fauna. to rehabilitate, maintain, preserve and These agrotourism packages can also conserve the parks as well as for upgrading be offered directly abroad and tailoring the park’s facilities. In some countries, them to the needs of the different market local and international park visitors pay International tourists arrivals and receipts segments. Other agrotourism activities different entrance fees. Source: Tourism Malaysia include cooking competition, flower It is common that internationals pay arrangement and traditional weaving twice the amount as compared to locals. In satisfaction derived from visiting the will be the main icon for the country’s demonstrations. some countries, visitors pay a fee based on parks. agrotourism. The agrotourism industry in Malaysia the type of park access desired. Agrotourism in Malaysia is developed Success depends on cooperation among is anticipated to be a key driver of the Before deciding on an appropriate fee- according to district and clusters to make many parties including travel agents nation’s economic growth in the future. structured system, studies are required them easier to manage with the given level through the Malaysia Association of Tour In order for the industry to thrive, several to establish a fee payment structure for of available resources. and Travel Agent (MATTA), the Tourism issues need to be addressed. valuing ecosystem services provided by Indirectly, agrotourism can boost Ministry together with Tourism Our hotels and lodges must be these parks. local economies while giving the country Malaysia and the State Governments. upgraded and services must be of If a fee-structured system is adopted more positive exposure. In line with this These agencies should be encouraged excellent quality. In order to achieve such in Malaysia, it is crucial that the extra strategy, MARDI is developing a National to come up with ways of enhancing the a standard, hotel front-liners and service money charged commensurate with the Botanical Garden in Shah Alam, which appeal of agrotourism.

The elegant sp. Categorised as an epiphyte, the Medinilla By: Dr. Zulhazmi Sayuti and Nor Ahya sp. grows under the canopy of other larger trees Mahadi,MARDI Cameron Highlands & and requires optimum moisture to survive. Horticulture Research Centre Immersion watering that applies capillary reactions is the best potted plant practice. Proper care of this perennial plant will he Medinilla sp. is a flowering that produce beautiful Medinilla sp. which can be belongs to the same family as Melastoma used as ornamental plants in outdoor settings Tsp., Melastomaceae. or as part of an interior decoration theme for It is normally used as a potted plant for a certain period of time. Another species found in Malaysia is the indoor or outdoor landscapes. In Malaysia, Medinilla candican, a native species which is there are two popular species that are favoured The beautiful splendid pink flyleaves of not yet widely used in the ornamental plant by landscape artists and gardeners, namely industry. Medinilla magnifica and Medinilla speciosa. This species was found by a group of The first originates from the Philippines MARDI researchers in Bukit Tinggi forest and is commonly known as the Philippine (> 700 meters above sea level). The size is the orchid. This particular species has the same as M. speciosa but has orange-coloured ability to grow to about 3 meters in height inflorescences. and produces broad with coarse veins During the early propagation stage, the seed that are clearly visible on the surface. It also culture technique was used following the micro produces long inflorescences measuring about cutting technique to enhance the increase in 50 centimetres with attractive pink-coloured the number of existing plants. bracts. Growing plants are placed in MARDI In comparison, M. speciosa is smaller and Cameron Highlands to acquire actual growth typically grows to less than one meter tall and performance until flowering since the plants has small bracts inflorescences. failed to produce flowers when planted in Many of these species grow in Borneo and lowland areas. other mountainous forest areas about 300 Mature healthy plants have the potential for meters above sea level. producing large numbers of orange-coloured It can also be found on the island of Java inflorescences. and the Philippines. Generally, M. speciosa is Due to its attractive appearance, Medinilla preferable in landscape with 25-50% shading candican should be considered for promotion The orange-coloured infloresence of Medinilla candican requirement to avoid burning of the leaves as potted and landscape plants in the highland when exposed to direct sunlight. tourism area. Apr 2015 9 COMMERCIALISATION

Synchronized Flowering of Tecoma, the Malaysian Cherry Blossoms

Jacarandas Walk Cherry blossoms tunnel, South Africa Tecoma plants in Alor Setar, Tecoma plants in Putrajaya

only be obtained in areas with long dry originated from open pollinated seeds. the propagation chamber. The union is By: Sakinah Idris, Ab Kahar Sandrang spells such as in Alor Setar. Attempts have been made to synchronize formed after 8 weeks simultaneously with and Dr. Zabedah Mahmood, The main flowering season normally flowering of tecoma (in areas other than the time the juvenile cutting takes to root. Horticulture Research Centre, MARDI occurs in March and April and another Alor Setar) by chemical and cultural After 10 weeks the cuttings are ready to minor flowering occurs in July. During methods, but the success was very limited. be planted in pots. the main flowering season, the tecoma This problem can be overcome if Once the potential trees (ortets) ecoma (Tabebuia pentaphylla) is a blooms gives a very wonderful landscape clonal materials are used. However, have been successfully cloned, mass popular ornamental plant native impact just like the cherry blossoms in propagation of tecoma using conventional propagation can be easily done by Tto Central and South America. It is Japan. techniques such as cutting, grafting and conventional vegetative propagation The flowering of tecoma has become layering have not been successful. also known as the “Cherry Blossoms of techniques such as cutting and layering. an important attraction to visitors in Recently, MARDI developed the double Penang” after its pink flowers which are With this technique, MARDI Alor Setar. However in most other cities, cutting technique for cloning difficult much like the cherry blossoms of Japan. successfully propagated and cloned flowering is not synchronized, some trees to propagate trees such as tecoma. In Malaysia, tecoma are usually selected tecoma trees with the ability planted along the highways and road have heavy flowers, while others flower The technique basically combined two to flower heavily. Thus, planting of sides, in car parks and recreational areas. scantily. cuttings such that the mature cuttings During the flowering season, tecoma The erratic flowering of tecoma is from selected ortets (scion) are grafted MARDI’s selected tecoma clones could blooms profusely. believed to be due to differences in the on to the juvenile cuttings which become enable synchronize flowering giving a However, from the study that has been genetic makeup of individual trees. Most the rooting system. more significant cherry blossom effect in conducted, synchronized flowering can tecoma planted in the landscape areas The combined cuttings are planted in Malaysian landscape. Yellowing Of Honey Mandarin •฀ The temperature and relative humidity of the By: Rohani Md Yon, ripening room must be tightly controlled at Strategic Planning and Innovation Management 15oC and 85-90% respectively. Division, MARDI •฀ The Honey Mandarin oranges must be fully matured, preferably harvested 9 months after ranges should be orange, if they are green, flowering. most people find them to be less attractive. •฀ The ethylene gas concentration should be OOranges grown in Malaysia such as the Honey controlled so as not to exceed the limit of Mandarin remain green even though the fruit has 1,000 ppm, the optimum level for induction of gained complete maturity. citrus. The use of ethylene gas that exceeds The hot and wet climate inhibits the peel from this limit is not recommended because it turning yellow as in the cooler temperate countries. will have no effect on the rate of yellowing The unattractive green colour of the peel makes of the oranges and it will only increase the it unsuitable for celebrations such as Chinese New cost. Addition of very high concentration of Year which requires attractive yellow/orange ethylene gas will also accelerate the process coloured citrus. of senescence and susceptibility to disease Even though the Honey Mandarin has a fresh infections. sweet taste, sales of the fruit is rather slow as most consumers immediately assume that the fruit is sour Equipment used due to the green peel colour. To overcome this problem and improve Specific equipment is required to carry out the marketing, yellowing of the citrus fruit can be done yellowing process. This equipment can also be using ethylene gas, a natural hormone produced by used for yellowing or ripening of other fruits. The fruits during the ripening process. equipment includes a ripening room measuring The gas can also be bought commercially for the 3m (length) x 3m (width) x 2m (high) in which the yellowing process, which takes place in two stages temperature and relative humidity can be controlled and is normally done in the ripening room. at 15-25oC and 80-95% respectively. The first stage is the induction process using the A gas tank which can accommodate 98% ethylene gas followed by natural yellowing of the pure ethylene gas is also required along with a peel. The induction process is done by introducing pressure valve and copper piping (2 cm diameter) the ethylene gas into the ripening room at a concen- tration of 1,000 parts per million (ppm). to facilitate the gas flow. A flow meter is required This concentration is sufficient to induce the to control the gas flow rate and a solenoid valve to yellowing process. During the induction process automatically terminate the gas flow in the event the room temperature is set at 15oC with relative of electricity interruption. To get fresh air supply humidity between 85 and 90%. The fruit is exposed into the ripening room a centrifugal fan needs to to the gas for 36 hours to provide sufficient time for be installed. the induction process to take place. The cost of a ripening room measuring 3m x After 36 hours the gas flow is terminated and the 3m x 2m equipped with facilities mentioned above ripening room door is opened to expose the fruit to is estimated at RM30,000. The cost is relatively oxygen supply from the air. The fruit will undergo high to be financed by a single farmer or citrus the yellowing process naturally and turn yellow entrepreneur. within 3-4 days. To overcome this problem, the ripening room can be built in clusters (10-20 farmers) in areas Quality control where the citrus fruit is grown. To further reduce the burden of the farmers, this room can also be To obtain the attractive yellow colour of the peel constructed by authorities such as the Department several factors have to be considered during the of Agriculture or FAMA and its use is leased to induction process. farmers with reasonable rates. 10 Apr 2015 SUCCESS STORY MAHA Agrotourism: The Lamans @ MAHA 2014

which highlighted the unmanned aerial By: Khairul Fithri Abdul Rashid, Badrulhadza vehicle (UAV), a light aircraft capable of Amzah and Mohd Faizuin Abdul Hamid, mapping the field condition for precision Strategic Planning and Innovation Management application of fertilizers. Division, MARDI Demonstrations on operation of various machineries were also conducted including the tractor, backhoe, combine he Malaysia Agriculture, harvester and various food processing Horticulture and Agrotourism machines such as the lemang cooking T Show 2014 (MAHA 2014) machine, kuih ros making machine, karas successfully showcased 8 special gardens making machine and others. or lamans to visitors as a potential The Laman Florikultur presented a agrotourism product. These gardens, recycling concept. The Taman Buah dan located in the MAHA campus, highlighted Tumbuhan Terbesar was built using the latest agricultural technologies, only recycled material. The garden was agro-food and agro-based products and beautifully designed and planted with services. colourful flowering plants to give visitors The 8 gardens include Laman Padi the feeling of relaxation. Overall, there (Paddy Garden), Laman Perikanan were 24 exhibitions and demonstration (Fisheries Garden), Laman Ternakan programmes as well as 14 visitor friendly (Livestock Garden), Laman Jentera competitions such as fruit tasting, (Machineries Garden), Laman Florikultur colouring contest and fruits, vegetables (Floriculture Garden), Laman Nanas and ornamental arrangement contests to (Pineapple Garden), Laman Sayur entertain the visitors. (Vegetables Garden) and Laman Herba The main focus of Laman Nanas (Herbs Garden). was to promote the pineapple industry In Laman Padi, visitors learned about in Malaysia. The exhibits included our local rice industry, rice cultivation the history of the pineapple industry, history, new rice varieties, management products that can be developed from of rice pests and diseases, as well as pineapples and the sale of fresh several technologies and products related pineapples and pineapple-based products. to rice. Ideas and opportunities were also This laman also showcased paddy presented to attract potential entrepre- fields planted with the latest MARDI rice neurs to be involved in the pineapple varieties, namely, MR278, MRQ76 and industry. The garden was also planted MRIA1. with various varieties of pineapples Visitors also had the opportunity to developed by MARDI such as Josapine sample unique and popular rice delicacies and Maspine. such as laksa, laksam, nasi kerabu, nasi This garden showcased 12 activities dagang and pulut ikan pekasam which including demonstrations and can be bought at the café. competitions related to pineapple-based Recreational activities organised at products. Two MasterChef Malaysia Laman Padi include paddy field soccer, celebrities, Syura and Angah, were tug-of-war, kites flying, spinning tops and invited to promote pineapple-based pony rides. Programmes at Laman Padi recipes. was co-organised by several agencies ‘Urban Agriculture’ was the theme such as MOA, MARDI, MADA, KADA, for Laman Sayur @ MAHA 2014. Various BERNAS and DOA. technologies related to urban farming The main attraction in Laman in limited spaces were promoted. These Perikanan was preserved aquatic included rooftop farming, the use of creatures such as dolphin, dugong and self-watering containers such as Fertikit sea turtle as well as several types of fish and Urbankit and the development of with a whale skeleton taking centrestage Community Garden and Edible Garden in the exhibition area. for growing vegetables and fruits in Generally this garden provided communities and around the house in information related to the local fisheries urban areas. industry as well as the government’s The concept for Laman Herba was initiatives in helping the industry to a one-stop centre which combined increase and sustain production. relaxation, retreat and learning factors There were 18 activities organised for into its exhibits. The area itself was visitors including exhibition, promotion, designed by merging aesthetic and sale of products as well as fishing and interactive qualities to make visitors feel aquarium decoration contests. comfortable during their visit. In Laman Ternakan, visitors could There are 150 tropical and temperate make themselves familiar with the herbs and medicinal plants planted livestock industry especially the in the garden. Nineteen of the plants ruminants, dairy and swiftlet industry. are regarded as most significant by Livestock products and equipment as well the local herbal community including as the animals themselves were also on pegaga, mas cotek, kaduk, dukung anak, sale. misai kucing, senduduk, tongkat ali, This garden also featured a petting lempoyang, gelenggang, sambung nyawa, zoo which proved to be very popular with hempedu bumi, peria katak, roselle, halia, young visitors. They were allowed to pet and play with the animals such as rabbits, mengkudu, sireh, belalai gajah, kacip sheep, goats and ponies. fatimah and merunggai/kelor. Food products were also sold from 38 All of the gardens played a major food stalls featuring 184 livestock-based role in making MAHA 2014 a successful delicacies. The most popular dishes were agrotourism event. The organisers of fresh milk, chicken chop, grilled lamb MAHA made these gardens as permanent and beef burger. exhibition places but the inputs will be Various types of agricultural always dynamic. These gardens will machineries from fruit cutter to combine be open all year round to visitors for harvesters were exhibited at Laman agrotourism. As technologies continue Jentera. The most significant agricultural to evolve, the Lamans @ MAHA will machinery shown during MAHA 2014 continue to provide sufficient and was the precision farming system, updated knowledge to its visitors.