IDENTIFICATION CARDS FOR MARINE 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 INVERTEBRATE SURVEYS IN THE PACIFIC ISLANDS 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 Measurements 188 Tools 189 190 Bivalves

Caliper Giant clam Longest length Ruler

1: Distance from hinge to opposite edge Caliper Oyster 1 2 2: Shell width Ruler

Ark shell Caliper Shell width (Anadara sp.) Ruler

Penguin’s wing Caliper Umbo-ventral length (Pteria penguin) Ruler

Gastropods

Caliper Sea hare Total length Ruler

Basal diameter (measure across the base Caliper Trochus of the shell) Ruler

Caliper Cone shell Total length Ruler

Caliper Triton shell Total length Ruler

Caliper Strombus shell Total length Ruler

Conch shell Total length (end of shell to end Caliper (Lambis chiragra) of furtherest spike) Ruler

Turban snail Longest width (end of apex to end of outer Caliper (Turbo setosus) edge of whorl opening) Ruler Measurements Tools Gastropods

Caliper Green snail Longest width Ruler

Caliper Cowry shell Total length Ruler

Cerith Caliper Total length (Cerithium sp.) Ruler

Cephalopods

Octopus Mantle height Ruler

Echinoderms

Sea cucumber Length Ruler

Caliper Sea urchin Length without spines Ruler

Crustaceans

1: Length from front edge of carapace to Caliper Spiny lobster rear edge of telson Ruler 2: Carapace length 2 1

1: Total length Caliper Slipper lobster 2: Length from eyeline to front of telson Ruler 2 1

1: Cephalo-thoracic length (CL) Caliper Coconut crab 1 2 2: Thoracic length (TL) Ruler

Mangrove crab Carapace width Ruler © Copyright Secretariat of the Pacifi c Community, 2013 Community, c of the Pacifi © Copyright Secretariat Identifi cation cards for marine invertebrate surveys in the Pacifi c Islands BIVALVES

Arcidae Cardiidae

© Pierre Peries © Pierre Peries © Pierre Peries © Pierre Peries © National History Museum Rotterdam, Netherlands Anadara antiquata Arca ventricosa Fragum fragum Fragum unedo Fulvia laevigata

© Kalo Pakoa © BMR © National History Museum Rotterdam, Netherlands © Kalo Pakoa © Nicolas Kietler Hippopus hippopus Hippopus porcellanus Lyrocardium lyratum Tridacna crocea Tridacna derasa

© Kalo Pakoa © Eugen Zeissi © BMR © Babou Côté Océan, Thierry Baboulenne © National History Museum Rotterdam, Netherlands Tridacna gigas Tridacna maxima Tridacna squamosa Tridacna tevoroa Vasticardium angulatum

Carditidae Chamidae

© Pierre Peries © National History Museum Rotterdam, Netherlands © National History Museum Rotterdam, Netherlands © Shells passion © Bill Franck Vasticardium elongatum Vasticardium fl avum Beguina semiorbiculata Chama croceata Chama macerophylla

Donacidae Gryphaeidae Lucinidae

© National History Museum Rotterdam, Netherlands © Udo Schmidt © Udo Schmidt © Pierre Peries © Pierre Peries Chama pacifi ca Donax cuneatus Donax faba Hyotissa hyotis Codakia punctata

Mesodesmatidae Mytilidae

© Pierre Peries © Ellen Bulger © National History Museum Rotterdam, Netherlands © National History Museum Rotterdam, Netherlands © National History Museum Rotterdam, Netherlands Codakia tigerina Fimbria fi mbriata Atactodea striata Lithophaga spp. Modiolus auriculatus

Pectinidae Pinnidae

© National History Museum Rotterdam, Netherlands © Bill Franck © National History Museum Rotterdam, Netherlands © Pierre Peries © Pierre Peries Septifer bilocularis Chlamys spp. Atrina vexillum Pinna bicolor Pinna muricata BIVALVES

Psammobiidae Pteriidae

© National History Museum Rotterdam, Netherlands © Anne DuPont © Mary Buckstel © National History Museum Rotterdam, Netherlands © Jan Messersmith Asaphis violascens Pinctada imbricata Pinctada margaritifera Pinctada maxima Pteria penguin

Spondylidae Tellinidae

© National History Museum Rotterdam, Netherlands © National History Museum Rotterdam, Netherlands © National History Museum Rotterdam, Netherlands © Pierre Peries © National History Museum Rotterdam, Netherlands Spondylus sinensis Spondylus squamosus Spondylus varius Tellina palatum Tellina scobinata

Veneridae

© Pierre Peries © Shells passion © Pierre Peries © National History Museum Rotterdam, Netherlands © National History Museum Rotterdam, Netherlands Gafrarium pectinatum Lioconcha annettae Lioconcha castrensis Lioconcha fastigiata Periglypta puerpera

© National History Museum Rotterdam, Netherlands © Pierre Peries © Femorale.com © Ellen Bulger © National History Museum Rotterdam, Netherlands Periglypta reticulata Pitar hebraeus Pitar prora Tapes literatus Timoclea marica © Copyright Secretariat of the Pacifi c Community, 2013 Community, c of the Pacifi © Copyright Secretariat Identifi cation cards for marine invertebrate surveys in the Pacifi c Islands CRUSTACEANS

Calappidae Carpiliidae Coenobitidae

© Ria Tan, Wildsingapore © Ria Tan, Wildsingapore © WJ Chen Calappa spp. Carpilius maculatus Birgus latro

Diogenidae Eriphiidae

© Marc Proudfoot © Ria Tan, Wildsingapore © Crusta, Joseph Poupin Coenobita perlatus Dardanus spp. Eriphia sebana

Gecarcinidae Grapsidae

© Yuji © B. Navez © Nicolas Clerton Cardisoma spp. Cardisoma spp. Metopograpsus messor

Lysiosquillidae Ocypodidae Odontodactylidae

© Silke Baron © Drew Avery © Jens Petersen Lysiosquillina maculata Ocypode ceratophthalmus Odontodactylus scyllarus

Palaemonidae Palinuridae

© Jarek Tuszynski © Chan Tin-Yam © Crusta, Joseph Poupin Macrobrachium rosenbergii Panulirus femoristriga Panulirus homarus CRUSTACEANS

Palinuridae

© Crusta, Joseph Poupin © Crusta, Norbert Verneau © Crusta, Joseph Poupin Panulirus longipes Panulirus ornatus Panulirus penicillatus

Penaeidae Portunidae

© Chan Tan-Yam © Crusta, Joseph Poupin © Simon Pu Panulirus versicolor Penaeus monodon Scylla paramamosain

Scyllaridae

© Richard Ling © Crusta, Joseph Poupin © Chan Tan-Yam Scylla serrata Thalamita crenata Parribacus antarcticus

© Crusta, Richer De Forges © Crusta, Joseph Poupin © Crusta, Joseph Poupin Parribacus caledonicus Parribacus holthuisi Parribacus scarlatinus Sesarmidae Thalassinidae Xanthidae

© Denis Riek © Ria Tan, Wildsingapore © Bernard Dupont Parasesarma erythodactyla Thalassina anomala Etisus splendidus © Copyright Secretariat of the Pacifi c Community, 2013 Community, c of the Pacifi © Copyright Secretariat Identifi cation cards for marine invertebrate surveys in the Pacifi c Islands ECHINODERMS – SEA CUCUMBERS

Actinopyga

© Kim Friedman © Steve Purcell © Poasi Ngaluafe Actinopyga caerulea Actinopyga echinites / Deepwater redfi sh Actinopyga fl ammea / Spiky deepwater redfi sh

© Kalo Pakoa

© Steve Purcell

© Aymeric Desurmont

© Kalo Pakoa © Pierre Laboute Actinopyga lecanora / Stonefi sh Actinopyga mauritiana / Surf redfi sh Actinopyga miliaris / Hairy blackfi sh

© Steve Purcell © Kalo Pakoa © Steve Purcell Actinopyga palauensis / Deepwater blackfi sh Actinopyga sp. / Hairy greyfi sh Actinopyga spinea / Burying blackfi sh Bohadschia

© Steve Purcell © Kalo Pakoa © Steve Purcell Bohadschia argus / Leopardfi sh Bohadschia argus / Leopardfi sh Bohadschia similis / Chalkfi sh

© Steve Purcell © Kalo Pakoa © Kalo Pakoa Bohadschia vitiensis / Brown sandfi sh Bohadschia vitiensis / Brown sandfi sh Bohadschia vitiensis / Brown sandfi sh Holothuria

© Kalo Pakoa

© Steve Purcell © Steve Purcell © Kalo Pakoa Holothuria atra / Lollyfi sh - Reef lollyfi sh Holothuria coluber / Snakefi sh Holothuria coronopertusa ECHINODERMS – SEA CUCUMBERS

© Kalo Pakoa

© Steve Purcell © Steve Purcell © Kalo Pakoa Holothuria edulis / Pinkfi sh Holothuria fl avomaculata / Red snakefi sh Holothuria fuscogilva / White teatfi sh

© Steve Purcell © Steve Purcell © Steve Purcell Holothuria fuscopunctata / Elephant trunkfi sh Holothuria lessoni / Golden sandfi sh Holothuria leucospilota / White threadsfi sh Pearsonothuria

© Kalo Pakoa

© Steve Purcell © Steve Purcell © Steve Purcell Holothuria scabra / Sandfi sh Holothuria whitmaei / Black teatfi sh Pearsonothuria graeff ei / Flowerfi sh Stichopus

© Emmanuel Tardy © Kalo Pakoa © Emmanuel Tardy Stichopus chloronotus / Greenfi sh Stichopus herrmanni / Curryfi sh Stichopus horrens / Dragonfi sh

© Kalo Pakoa © Kim Friedman © Kalo Pakoa Stichopus horrens / Dragonfi sh Stichopus vastus / Brown curryfi sh Stichopus vastus / Brown curryfi sh Thelenota

© Steve Purcell © Emmanuel Tardy © Kim Friedman

Thelenota ananas / Prickly redfi sh Thelenota anax / Amberfi sh Thelenota rubralineata / Lemonfi sh 2013 Community, c of the Pacifi © Copyright Secretariat Identifi cation cards for marine invertebrate surveys in the Pacifi c Islands ECHINODERMS – SEA STARS

Acanthasteridae Asteropseidae Comasteridae

© Emmanuel Tardy © David R © Rainer Leidner Acanthaster planci Valvaster striatus Comaster nobilis

Goniasteridae Ophidiasteridae

© Allerina and Glen MacLarty © Sandrine Job © Sandrine Job Anchitosia queenslandensis Fromia monilis Linckia laevigata

© Florent Charpin © Dwayne Meadows © François Michonneau Linckia laevigata Linckia multifora Nardoa novaecaledoniae

Ophiothrichidae Oreasteridae

© Ria Tan, Wildsingapore © Jan Messersmith © Kalo Pakoa Ophiothrix spp. Choriaster granulatus Culcita novaeguineae

Tropiometridae

© Karel Jakubec © Ria Tan, Wildsingapore © Lyle Vail Protoreaster nodosus Protoreaster nodosus Tropiometra afra ECHINODERMS – SEA URCHINS

Cidaridae Diadematidae

© François Michonneau © WJ Chen © Michael Wolf Phyllacanthus imperialis Diadema savignyi Diadema setosum

Echinometridae

© Ken Ichi © Shawn Miller © Andreas Kroh Echinothrix calamaris Echinothrix diadema Echinometra mathaei

© Pauline Bosserelle © US Fish & Wildlife Service © David Burdick Echinostrephus aciculatus Heterocentrotus mamillatus Heterocentrotus trigonarius

Parasaleniidae Strongylocentrotidae Temnopleuridae

© Kee Alfian © Jerry Kirkhart © Ron DeCloux Parasalenia gratiosa Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Mespilia globulus

Toxopneustidae

© Loh Kok Sheng © Nick Hobgood © Emmanuel Tardy Salmacis belli Toxopneustes pileolus Tripneustes gratilla © Copyright Secretariat of the Pacifi c Community, 2013 Community, c of the Pacifi © Copyright Secretariat Identifi cation cards for marine invertebrate surveys in the Pacifi c Islands GASTROPODS

Bursidae Cassidae Cerithiidae Conidae

© Richard Parker © Shadowshador © Shadowshador © David Beales, University of Hawaii Museum Consortium © H.-R. Siegel, Musée d’histoire naturelle Fribourg, Suisse Tutufa bubo Tutufa rubeta Cassis cornuta Cerithium nodulosum Conus leopardus

Coralliophilidae

© H.-R. Siegel, Musée d’histoire naturelle Fribourg, Suisse © David Beales, University of Hawaii Museum Consortium © David Beales, University of Hawaii Museum Consortium © David Beales, University of Hawaii Museum Consortium © Shadowshador Conus litteratus Conus marmoreus Conus miles Conus vexillum Coralliophila violacea

Cypraeidae Fasciolariidae

© David Beales, University of Hawaii Museum Consortium © David Beales, University of Hawaii Museum Consortium © Pierre Peries © Jacksonville Shell Club © Shadowshador Cypraea annulus Cypraea caputserpentis Cypraea tigris Latirolagena smaragdula Pleuroploca fi lamentosa

Mitridae Muricidae

© Shadowshador © David Beales, University of Hawaii Museum Consortium © Shadowshador © Shadowshador © Shadowshador Pleuroploca trapezium Mitra mitra Chicoreus ramosus Drupa morum Drupa rubusidaeus

© David Beales, University of Hawaii Museum Consortium © David Beales, University of Hawaii Museum Consortium © Richard Parker © David Beales, University of Hawaii Museum Consortium © Richard Parker Morula granulata Morula uva Nassa francolina Nassa serta Reishia armigera

Nassariidae

© Pierre Peries © Pierre Peries © David Beales, University of Hawaii Museum Consortium © Shadowshador © Shadowshador Thais aculeata Thais bitubercularis Thais intermedia Thais tuberosa Nassarius spp.

Naticidae Neritidae

© David Beales, University of Hawaii Museum Consortium © Shadowshador © Pierre Peries © David Beales, University of Hawaii Museum Consortium © Udo Schmidt Mammilla melanostoma Polinices mammilla Nerita albicilla Nerita plicata Nerita polita GASTROPODS

Olividae Ovulidae Potamididae

© Pierre Peries © Pierre Peries © Pierre Peries © Udo Schmidt © Pierre Peries Oliva caerulea Oliva miniacea Ovula ovum Telescopium telescopium Terebralia palustris

Ranellidae Seraphsidae Strombidae

© David Beales, University of Hawaii Museum Consortium © H.-R. Siegel, Musée d’histoire naturelle Fribourg, Suisse © Shadowshador © Shadowshador © Shadowshador Charonia tritonis Terebellum terebellum Lambis chiragra Lambis crocata Lambis lambis

© Shadowshador © Shadowshador © H.-R. Siegel, Musée d’histoire naturelle Fribourg, Suisse © Udo Schmidt © Shadowshador Lambis millepeda Lambis scorpius Lambis truncata Strombus chrysostomus Strombus gibberulus

Tegulidae

© Bill Franck © Pierre Peries © Shadowshador © Bill Franck © H.-R. Siegel, Musée d’histoire naturelle Fribourg, Suisse Strombus latissimus Strombus luhuanus Strombus mutabilis Strombus thersites Tectus niloticus

Terebridae Tonnidae Trochidae

© H.-R. Siegel, Musée d’histoire naturelle Fribourg, Suisse © Richard Parker © David Beales, University of Hawaii Museum Consortium © David Beales, University of Hawaii Museum Consortium © H.-R. Siegel, Musée d’histoire naturelle Fribourg, Suisse Tectus pyramis Terebra dimidiata Terebra maculata Tonna perdix Trochus maculatus

Turbinellidae Turbinidae

© Richard Parker © Shadowshador © H.-R. Siegel, Musée d’histoire naturelle Fribourg, Suisse © H.-R. Siegel, Musée d’histoire naturelle Fribourg, Suisse © H.-R. Siegel, Musée d’histoire naturelle Fribourg, Suisse Vasum ceramicum Vasum turbinellus Astralium rhodostomum Turbo argyrostomus Turbo chrysostomus

Vermetidae

© Kalo Pakoa © H.-R. Siegel, Musée d’histoire naturelle Fribourg, Suisse © Shadowshador © H.-R. Siegel, Musée d’histoire naturelle Fribourg, Suisse © Kalo Pakoa Turbo crassus Turbo marmoratus Turbo petholatus Turbo setosus Dendropoma maximum © Copyright Secretariat of the Pacifi c Community, 2013 Community, c of the Pacifi © Copyright Secretariat Identifi cation cards for marine invertebrate surveys in the Pacifi c Islands ALGAE AND SEAGRASS

Caulerpaceae

© Sabine Penisson - www.aquareefphoto.com © Serge Andréfoüet © Ria Tan, Wildsingapore Caulerpa bikinensis Caulerpa pickeringii Caulerpa racemosa

© Ria Tan, Wildsingapore © Ria Tan, Wildsingapore © Serge Andréfoüet Caulerpa serrulata Caulerpa sertularioides Caulerpa seuratii

Codiaceae

© Ria Tan, Wildsingapore © Serge Andréfoüet © Claude Payri Caulerpa taxifolia Caulerpa urvilleana Codium edule

Corallinaceae Cymodoceaceae

© University of Guam © Ria Tan, Wildsingapore © Ria Tan, Wildsingapore Jania tenella Halodule uninervis Syringodium isoetifolium

Dictyotaceae

© Claude Payri © Kalo Pakoa © Kalo Pakoa Dictyota acutiloba Padina australis Padina sanctae-crucis ALGAE AND SEAGRASS

Galaxauraceae Gracilariaceae Halimedaceae

© Derek Keats © Ria Tan, Wildsingapore © Claude Payri Galaxaura rugosa Gracilaria salicornia Halimeda opuntia

Hydrocharitaceae

© Claude Payri © Ria Tan, Wildsingapore © Ria Tan, Wildsingapore Halimeda taenicola Enhalus acoroides Halophila ovalis

Oscillatoriaceae

© Ria Tan, Wildsingapore © Alan Cressler © Bradley Moore Thalassia hemprichii Thalassia testudinum Lyngbya spp.

Sargassaceae

© Jeffrey Low © J. Smith © Claude Payri Sargassum aquifolium Sargassum obtusifolium Sargassum spinuligerum

Udoteaceae Valoniaceae

© Claude Payri © Rainer Leidner © Sarah Faulwetter Turbinaria ornata Chlorodesmis fastigiata Valonia aegagropila © Copyright Secretariat of the Pacifi c Community, 2013 Community, c of the Pacifi © Copyright Secretariat Identifi cation cards for marine invertebrate surveys in the Pacifi c Islands TYPES OF HABITAT

Topography / Complexity

© Pierre Boblin © Pierre Boblin © Sandrine Job High topography Low topography / Low complexity High complexity

Type of substrate

© Sandrine Job © Sandrine Job © Sandrine Job Rubble Consolidated rubble Pavement

© Sandrine Job © Sandrine Job Sand Silt

Corals

© Sandrine Job © Sandrine Job © Sandrine Job Live coral Soft coral Encrusting coral

© Sandrine Job © Sandrine Job © Steve Martin Dead coral Bleaching coral Crown-of-thorns feeding scar TYPES OF HABITAT

Others

© Ferral Lasi © Kalo Pakoa © Derek Keats Algae Coralline algae Crustose coralline algae (CCA)

© Barry Fackler © Paul Asman and Jill Lenoble © Kalo Pakoa Fungids / Mushroom coral Seagrass Sponge

Prepared by the Coastal Fisheries Science and Management and the Fisheries Information Sections of the Secretariat of the Pacifi c Community. Produced with the fi nancial support of the European Union, through the SciCOFISH Project. The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of SPC and can in no way be taken to refl ect the views of the European Union. Printed by Stredder Print Ltd, New Zealand.

SciCOFish SCIENTIFIC SUPPORT FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF COASTAL AND OCEANIC FISHERIES IN THE PACIFIC ISLANDS REGION © Copyright Secretariat of the Pacifi c Community, 2013 Community, c of the Pacifi © Copyright Secretariat