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Principles of Crustacean Taxonomy

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Crustacean Fisheries Division Manual on Taxonomy and Identification of Commercially Important Crustaceans of India 20-24th August 2013 Convener Dr. Josileen Jose Co-Conveners Dr. S. Lakshmi Pillai Dr. Rekhadevi Chakraborthy 3 LIST OF FACULTY MEMBERS Dr. G. Maheswarudu Principal Scientist & Head Crustacean Fisheries Division Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute Ernakulam North P.O., Kochi-682018 Email: [email protected] Mob: 9656405418 Dr. V.D. Deshmukh Principal Scientist & Scientist-in-charge Research Centre Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute 2nd Floor, C.I.F.E. Old Campus Fisheries University Road, Versova Mumbai-400 061 Email: [email protected] Mob: 09820692454 Dr. Josileen Jose Principal Scientist Crustacean Fisheries Division Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute Ernakulam North P.O., Kochi-682018 Email: [email protected] Mob: 09447232966 Dr. A.P. Dineshbabu Principal Scientist & Scientist-in-charge Research Centre Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute PB. No. 244, Hoige Bazar Mangalore-575001 Email: [email protected] Mob: 09449825790 Taxonomy and Identication of Commercially Important Crustaceans of India 4 Dr. S. Lakshmi Pillai Senior Scientist Crustacean Fisheries Division Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute Ernakulam North P.O., Kochi-682018 Email: [email protected] Mob: 09446036673 Dr. Rekhadevi Chakraborthy Senior Scientist Crustacean Fisheries Division Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute Ernakulam North P.O., Kochi-682018 Email: [email protected] Mob: 09447084867 Dr. E.V. Radhakrishnan Emeritus Scientist Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute Ernakulam North P.O., Kochi-682018 Email: [email protected] Mob: 9447250634 Mr. Rahul G. Kumar Research Scholar National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources Kochi unit Ernakulam North P.O., Kochi-682018 Email: [email protected] Taxonomy and Identication of Commercially Important Crustaceans of India 5 LIST OF PARTICIPANTS Ms. Sandhya K.S., M.F.Sc. Fisheries Resource Management KUFOS, Panangad, Cochin, Kerala - 682 506. E-mail:[email protected] Mobile No.9048268104 Mr. Saneer N.S., SRF,KUFOS, Pananghad, Cochin, Kerala - 682 506. E-mail:[email protected] Mobile No.9048809226 Mr.Subal Kumar Roul CIFE, Room No.405, New Boys Hostel Off Yari Road, Versova, Andheri (W), Mumbai – 400 061. E-mail:[email protected] Mobile No. 09699417678 Ms.Shary Rajan HT Food Pvt. Ltd., Plot No.17/SDF Ground Floor CSEZ, Kakkanad, Kochi. E-mail:[email protected] Mobile No. 7736211436 Mr.Trivedi Jigneshkumar N., Marine Biodiversity and Ecology Lab, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The M.S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat,India E-mail: [email protected] Mobile No. 09428138374 Taxonomy and Identication of Commercially Important Crustaceans of India 6 Ms. Sumedha Arya, Marine Biodiversity and Ecology Lab, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The M.S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat. E-mail: [email protected] Mobile No. 09722450009 Ms. Sangeetha K.R., Department of Aquaculture, Sacred Heart College, Thevara, Cochin E-mail:[email protected] Mobile No. 9645757821 Dr. A. Maharajan, PG & Research Department of Zoology, KhadirMohideen College, Adirampattinam -614701, Thanjavur Dist, Tamil Nadu. E-mail: [email protected] Mobile No. 09443286900 Shri. Arshad Keethadath, Research Scholar PG Department of Zoology & research Centre SN College, Kannur - 670 007 E-mail: [email protected] Mobile No. 09745945702 Mr.Devkate Ajinkya Dattatrya, M.F.Sc Fishery Hydrography, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Panangad ,P.O.Kochi, Kerala. E-mail: [email protected] Mobile No.09405056810 Taxonomy and Identication of Commercially Important Crustaceans of India 7 Dr.Bindu Bhaskaran, Department of Aquaculture, S.H. College, Thevara. E-mail: [email protected] Mobile No. 9744036430 Ms.Apsara S. Krishnan, Dept. of Aquatic Biology & Fisheries, University of Kerala, Thiruvanthapuram. E-mail: [email protected] Mobile No. 9746608226 Dr. Balu S., Instructor (Fishing Technology), CIFNET, Fine Arts Avenue, Cochin-16. E-mail: [email protected] Mobile No. 8129152293 Dr.Raju M. K. Associate Professor, Dept. of Zoology, S.H.College, Thevara, Cochin. E-mail: [email protected] Mobile No. 9446140481 Helna A.K Research Scholar PG Department of Zoology & research Centre SN College, Kannur - 670 007 E-mail: [email protected] Mobile No. 9496463811 Dr. Shiny K .J, Assistant Professor, Govt. college, Nattakom, Kottayam Email: [email protected] Mobile No: 9447886171 Taxonomy and Identication of Commercially Important Crustaceans of India 8 Sibi T Baby, JRF, Centre for Marine Living Resources & Ecology, Field Research Station Agatti, Lakshadweep – 682 553. E-mail: [email protected] Mobile No. 9946917679 Dr. K. K. Prajith, Scientist, CIFT, Matsyapuri (P.O) Cochin- 29 E-mail: [email protected] Mobile No:9447726227 Dr. P. S. Sivaprasad, Technical Assistant, C/O Asst. Director of Fisheries, Staff Training Centre, East Kadungallur, Aluva, Ernakulam (Dt). E-mail: [email protected] Mobile No .08891624339 Taxonomy and Identication of Commercially Important Crustaceans of India 9 Contents 1. Glossary of terms used in taxonomy 11-14 2. Technical terms and measurements 15-18 3. Introduction to crustacean fisheries of India 19-27 G. Maheswarudu 4. Principals of crustacean taxonomy 28-39 V. D.Deshmukh 5. Types of types 40-44 Rahul G. Kumar 6. Penaeus 45-69 Josileen Jose 7. Trachypenaeus, Metapenaeopsis & Parapenaeus 70-75 V. D.Deshmukh 8. Metapenaeus & Metapenaeopsis 76-91 S. Lakshmi Pillai 9. Solenocera 92-106 A.P.Dineshbabu 10. Deep sea prawns 107-131 Rekha Devi Chakraborthy 11. Non-penaeids 132-136 V.D. Deshmukh Taxonomy and Identication of Commercially Important Crustaceans of India 10 12. Lobsters 137-156 E.V.Radhakrishnan 13. Brachyuran crabs 157-169 Josileen Jose Taxonomy and Identication of Commercially Important Crustaceans of India 11 Glossary of Terms Used in Taxonomy Plural form in parentheses ADROSTRAL CARINA: Ridge flanking the rostrum, sometimes nearly reaching the posterior margin of the carapace. ADROSTRAL SULCUS: Groove flanking the rostrum mesial to the adrostral carina , sometimes nearly reaching the posterior margin of the carapace. ANTENNA (ANTENNAE): .More lateral to the two paired , usually flagellate appendages projecting distally from the anterior end of the cephalothorax. ANTENNAL CARINA: Ridge extending posteriorly along dorsal extremity of antennal region , often continuous with antennal spine. ANTENNAL PEDUNCLE: Five basal segments of the antenna , from which the flagellum arises distally. ANTENNAL SPINE: Spine situated on the anterior margin of the carapace. ANTENNULAR FLAGELLUM (ANTENNAL FLAGELLA): Multiarticulate paired filaments (sometimes flattened lamellate) of the antennule. ANTENNULAR PEDUNCLE: Three basal segments of the antennule, from which the flagella arise distally. BASIAL SPINE: Spine projecting from basis of the thoracic appendage. BRANCHIA (BRANCHIAE): Respiratory organ (gill) associated with an appendage or with the body wall. BRANCHIAL REGION : Area of the carapace overlying the branchial cavity. BRANCHIOSTEGAL CARINA: Longitudinal ridge extending along anteroventral part of carapace, usually continuous with branchiostegal spine. BRANCHIOSTEGAL- HEPATIC CARINA: Longitudinal ridge consisting of the fusion of the branhiostegal and hepatic carinae. BRANCHIOSTEGAL SPINE: Short spine on or near anterior margin of the carapace ventral to the antennal spine and dorsal to the anteroventral angle of the carapace. BRANCHIOSTEGITE: Expanded ventro-lateral part of the carapace covering the gills. Taxonomy and Identication of Commercially Important Crustaceans of India 12 CARINA (CARINAE): A ridge or keel of the exoskeleton CARPUS (CARPI). Fifth podomere from the proximal end of a typically 7-segmented appendage. CHELA(CHELAE): Pincer formed by the two distal podomeres of a pereopod in which the movable finger (dactyl) opposes a fixed finger formed by a distal extension of the propod. CICATRIX (CICATRICES): Longitudinally disposed ridge(s) often present on lateral part of sixth abdominal somite. COXA (COXAE): First or proximal podomere of a typically 7-segmented appendage. COXAL SPINE: Spine projecting from the coxa of a thoracic appendage. DACTYL: Terminal podomere of a typically 7-segmented appendage.. DISTOLATERAL PROJECTION: Distolateral, ventrally inclined projection or spur of the basis of the endopod of the male second pleopod. DISTOMEDIAN PROJECTION: Distal relatively narrow extension of the dorsomedian lobule of the petasma. DISTOVENTRAL PROJECTION: Outer distal flap articulating with distal extremity of ventrolateral lobule of petasma in members of the genus Metapenaeopsis. DORSOLATERAL CARINA: Longitudinal ridge on dorsolateral region of carapace running dorsal to orbital region. ENDOPOD: Mesial ramus of biramous appendage, especially one arising from the basis or from the protopodite of the pleopod EPIGASTRIC TOOTH: Tooth on the carapace situated above the gastric region behind the first (posterior most) rostral tooth. EPIPOD: Lateral exite of the coxa of a thoracic appendage, sometimes branchial in function. EXOPOD: Lateral ramus of a biramous appendage, arising from the basis, or from the protopodite. GASTROFRONTAL CARINA: Short longitudinal ridge extending posteriorly from the ventral extremity of the orbital region. GASTROFRONTAL SULCUS: Short longitudinal depression accompanying the gastrofrontal
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  • Prawn Fauna (Crustacea: Decapoda) of India - an Annotated Checklist of the Penaeoid, Sergestoid, Stenopodid and Caridean Prawns

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    Available online at: www.mbai.org.in doi: 10.6024/jmbai.2012.54.1.01697-08 Prawn fauna (Crustacea: Decapoda) of India - An annotated checklist of the Penaeoid, Sergestoid, Stenopodid and Caridean prawns E. V. Radhakrishnan*1, V. D. Deshmukh2, G. Maheswarudu3, Jose Josileen 1, A. P. Dineshbabu4, K. K. Philipose5, P. T. Sarada6, S. Lakshmi Pillai1, K. N. Saleela7, Rekhadevi Chakraborty1, Gyanaranjan Dash8, C.K. Sajeev1, P. Thirumilu9, B. Sridhara4, Y Muniyappa4, A.D.Sawant2, Narayan G Vaidya5, R. Dias Johny2, J. B. Verma3, P.K.Baby1, C. Unnikrishnan7, 10 11 11 1 7 N. P. Ramachandran , A. Vairamani , A. Palanichamy , M. Radhakrishnan and B. Raju 1CMFRI HQ, Cochin, 2Mumbai RC of CMFRI, 3Visakhapatnam RC of CMFRI, 4Mangalore RC of CMFRI, 5Karwar RC of CMFRI, 6Tuticorin RC of CMFRI, 7Vizhinjam RC of CMFRI, 8Veraval RC of CMFRI, 9Madras RC of CMFRI, 10Calicut RC of CMFRI, 11Mandapam RC of CMFRI *Correspondence e-mail: [email protected] Received: 07 Sep 2011, Accepted: 15 Mar 2012, Published: 30 Apr 2012 Original Article Abstract Many penaeoid prawns are of considerable value for the fishing Introduction industry and aquaculture operations. The annual estimated average landing of prawns from the fishery in India was 3.98 The prawn fauna inhabiting the marine, estuarine and lakh tonnes (2008-10) of which 60% were contributed by freshwater ecosystems of India are diverse and fairly well penaeid prawns. An additional 1.5 lakh tonnes is produced from known. Significant contributions to systematics of marine aquaculture. During 2010-11, India exported US $ 2.8 billion worth marine products, of which shrimp contributed 3.09% in prawns of Indian region were that of Milne Edwards (1837), volume and 69.5% in value of the total export.
  • Effect of Feed on the Growth and Survival of Long Eyed Swimming

    Effect of Feed on the Growth and Survival of Long Eyed Swimming

    Soundarapandian et al., 2:3 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/scientificreports681 Open Access Open Access Scientific Reports Scientific Reports Research Article OpenOpen Access Access Effect of Feed on the Growth and Survival of Long Eyed Swimming Crab Podophthalmus vigil Fabricius (Crustacea: Decapoda) Soundarapandian P1*, Ravichandran S2 and Varadharajan D1 1Faculty of Marine Sciences, Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Annamalai University, Tamil Nadu, India 2Department of Zoology, Government Arts College, Kumbakonam, Tamil Nadu, India Abstract Food is considered to be the most potent factor affecting growth. Attempts to develop diets for culture of crabs have resulted in a variety of feeds. The absence of suitable feed either pellet or live food which can promote growth and survival is considered to be the most important lacuna in cultivation of crabs. So searching of economically viable feed to optimize the growth and survival in crabs are very much essential. In the present study the weight gain was higher in the crabs offered with Acetes sp. (86 g) followed by clam meat fed animals (47 g). The crabs fed with minimum amount of Acetes sp. (152 g) and maximum of clam meat (182 g). The FCR value was better in Acetes sp. (1.8) fed animal rather than clam meat fed animals (3.8). The survival rate was higher in Acetes sp. fed animals (92%) and lowest survival (72%) was observed in animals fed with clam meat. The survival was reasonable for both the feeds. But higher survival rate was reported in the animals fed with Acetes sp. than that of clam meat.