Crustacean Fisheries Division Manual on Taxonomy and Identification of Commercially Important Crustaceans of India 20-24th August 2013 Convener Dr. Josileen Jose Co-Conveners Dr. S. Lakshmi Pillai Dr. Rekhadevi Chakraborthy 3 LIST OF FACULTY MEMBERS Dr. G. Maheswarudu Principal Scientist & Head Crustacean Fisheries Division Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute Ernakulam North P.O., Kochi-682018 Email: [email protected] Mob: 9656405418 Dr. V.D. Deshmukh Principal Scientist & Scientist-in-charge Research Centre Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute 2nd Floor, C.I.F.E. Old Campus Fisheries University Road, Versova Mumbai-400 061 Email: [email protected] Mob: 09820692454 Dr. Josileen Jose Principal Scientist Crustacean Fisheries Division Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute Ernakulam North P.O., Kochi-682018 Email: [email protected] Mob: 09447232966 Dr. A.P. Dineshbabu Principal Scientist & Scientist-in-charge Research Centre Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute PB. No. 244, Hoige Bazar Mangalore-575001 Email: [email protected] Mob: 09449825790 Taxonomy and Identication of Commercially Important Crustaceans of India 4 Dr. S. Lakshmi Pillai Senior Scientist Crustacean Fisheries Division Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute Ernakulam North P.O., Kochi-682018 Email: [email protected] Mob: 09446036673 Dr. Rekhadevi Chakraborthy Senior Scientist Crustacean Fisheries Division Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute Ernakulam North P.O., Kochi-682018 Email: [email protected] Mob: 09447084867 Dr. E.V. Radhakrishnan Emeritus Scientist Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute Ernakulam North P.O., Kochi-682018 Email: [email protected] Mob: 9447250634 Mr. Rahul G. Kumar Research Scholar National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources Kochi unit Ernakulam North P.O., Kochi-682018 Email: [email protected] Taxonomy and Identication of Commercially Important Crustaceans of India 5 LIST OF PARTICIPANTS Ms. Sandhya K.S., M.F.Sc. Fisheries Resource Management KUFOS, Panangad, Cochin, Kerala - 682 506. E-mail:[email protected] Mobile No.9048268104 Mr. Saneer N.S., SRF,KUFOS, Pananghad, Cochin, Kerala - 682 506. E-mail:[email protected] Mobile No.9048809226 Mr.Subal Kumar Roul CIFE, Room No.405, New Boys Hostel Off Yari Road, Versova, Andheri (W), Mumbai – 400 061. E-mail:[email protected] Mobile No. 09699417678 Ms.Shary Rajan HT Food Pvt. Ltd., Plot No.17/SDF Ground Floor CSEZ, Kakkanad, Kochi. E-mail:[email protected] Mobile No. 7736211436 Mr.Trivedi Jigneshkumar N., Marine Biodiversity and Ecology Lab, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The M.S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat,India E-mail: [email protected] Mobile No. 09428138374 Taxonomy and Identication of Commercially Important Crustaceans of India 6 Ms. Sumedha Arya, Marine Biodiversity and Ecology Lab, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The M.S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat. E-mail: [email protected] Mobile No. 09722450009 Ms. Sangeetha K.R., Department of Aquaculture, Sacred Heart College, Thevara, Cochin E-mail:[email protected] Mobile No. 9645757821 Dr. A. Maharajan, PG & Research Department of Zoology, KhadirMohideen College, Adirampattinam -614701, Thanjavur Dist, Tamil Nadu. E-mail: [email protected] Mobile No. 09443286900 Shri. Arshad Keethadath, Research Scholar PG Department of Zoology & research Centre SN College, Kannur - 670 007 E-mail: [email protected] Mobile No. 09745945702 Mr.Devkate Ajinkya Dattatrya, M.F.Sc Fishery Hydrography, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Panangad ,P.O.Kochi, Kerala. E-mail: [email protected] Mobile No.09405056810 Taxonomy and Identication of Commercially Important Crustaceans of India 7 Dr.Bindu Bhaskaran, Department of Aquaculture, S.H. College, Thevara. E-mail: [email protected] Mobile No. 9744036430 Ms.Apsara S. Krishnan, Dept. of Aquatic Biology & Fisheries, University of Kerala, Thiruvanthapuram. E-mail: [email protected] Mobile No. 9746608226 Dr. Balu S., Instructor (Fishing Technology), CIFNET, Fine Arts Avenue, Cochin-16. E-mail: [email protected] Mobile No. 8129152293 Dr.Raju M. K. Associate Professor, Dept. of Zoology, S.H.College, Thevara, Cochin. E-mail: [email protected] Mobile No. 9446140481 Helna A.K Research Scholar PG Department of Zoology & research Centre SN College, Kannur - 670 007 E-mail: [email protected] Mobile No. 9496463811 Dr. Shiny K .J, Assistant Professor, Govt. college, Nattakom, Kottayam Email: [email protected] Mobile No: 9447886171 Taxonomy and Identication of Commercially Important Crustaceans of India 8 Sibi T Baby, JRF, Centre for Marine Living Resources & Ecology, Field Research Station Agatti, Lakshadweep – 682 553. E-mail: [email protected] Mobile No. 9946917679 Dr. K. K. Prajith, Scientist, CIFT, Matsyapuri (P.O) Cochin- 29 E-mail: [email protected] Mobile No:9447726227 Dr. P. S. Sivaprasad, Technical Assistant, C/O Asst. Director of Fisheries, Staff Training Centre, East Kadungallur, Aluva, Ernakulam (Dt). E-mail: [email protected] Mobile No .08891624339 Taxonomy and Identication of Commercially Important Crustaceans of India 9 Contents 1. Glossary of terms used in taxonomy 11-14 2. Technical terms and measurements 15-18 3. Introduction to crustacean fisheries of India 19-27 G. Maheswarudu 4. Principals of crustacean taxonomy 28-39 V. D.Deshmukh 5. Types of types 40-44 Rahul G. Kumar 6. Penaeus 45-69 Josileen Jose 7. Trachypenaeus, Metapenaeopsis & Parapenaeus 70-75 V. D.Deshmukh 8. Metapenaeus & Metapenaeopsis 76-91 S. Lakshmi Pillai 9. Solenocera 92-106 A.P.Dineshbabu 10. Deep sea prawns 107-131 Rekha Devi Chakraborthy 11. Non-penaeids 132-136 V.D. Deshmukh Taxonomy and Identication of Commercially Important Crustaceans of India 10 12. Lobsters 137-156 E.V.Radhakrishnan 13. Brachyuran crabs 157-169 Josileen Jose Taxonomy and Identication of Commercially Important Crustaceans of India 11 Glossary of Terms Used in Taxonomy Plural form in parentheses ADROSTRAL CARINA: Ridge flanking the rostrum, sometimes nearly reaching the posterior margin of the carapace. ADROSTRAL SULCUS: Groove flanking the rostrum mesial to the adrostral carina , sometimes nearly reaching the posterior margin of the carapace. ANTENNA (ANTENNAE): .More lateral to the two paired , usually flagellate appendages projecting distally from the anterior end of the cephalothorax. ANTENNAL CARINA: Ridge extending posteriorly along dorsal extremity of antennal region , often continuous with antennal spine. ANTENNAL PEDUNCLE: Five basal segments of the antenna , from which the flagellum arises distally. ANTENNAL SPINE: Spine situated on the anterior margin of the carapace. ANTENNULAR FLAGELLUM (ANTENNAL FLAGELLA): Multiarticulate paired filaments (sometimes flattened lamellate) of the antennule. ANTENNULAR PEDUNCLE: Three basal segments of the antennule, from which the flagella arise distally. BASIAL SPINE: Spine projecting from basis of the thoracic appendage. BRANCHIA (BRANCHIAE): Respiratory organ (gill) associated with an appendage or with the body wall. BRANCHIAL REGION : Area of the carapace overlying the branchial cavity. BRANCHIOSTEGAL CARINA: Longitudinal ridge extending along anteroventral part of carapace, usually continuous with branchiostegal spine. BRANCHIOSTEGAL- HEPATIC CARINA: Longitudinal ridge consisting of the fusion of the branhiostegal and hepatic carinae. BRANCHIOSTEGAL SPINE: Short spine on or near anterior margin of the carapace ventral to the antennal spine and dorsal to the anteroventral angle of the carapace. BRANCHIOSTEGITE: Expanded ventro-lateral part of the carapace covering the gills. Taxonomy and Identication of Commercially Important Crustaceans of India 12 CARINA (CARINAE): A ridge or keel of the exoskeleton CARPUS (CARPI). Fifth podomere from the proximal end of a typically 7-segmented appendage. CHELA(CHELAE): Pincer formed by the two distal podomeres of a pereopod in which the movable finger (dactyl) opposes a fixed finger formed by a distal extension of the propod. CICATRIX (CICATRICES): Longitudinally disposed ridge(s) often present on lateral part of sixth abdominal somite. COXA (COXAE): First or proximal podomere of a typically 7-segmented appendage. COXAL SPINE: Spine projecting from the coxa of a thoracic appendage. DACTYL: Terminal podomere of a typically 7-segmented appendage.. DISTOLATERAL PROJECTION: Distolateral, ventrally inclined projection or spur of the basis of the endopod of the male second pleopod. DISTOMEDIAN PROJECTION: Distal relatively narrow extension of the dorsomedian lobule of the petasma. DISTOVENTRAL PROJECTION: Outer distal flap articulating with distal extremity of ventrolateral lobule of petasma in members of the genus Metapenaeopsis. DORSOLATERAL CARINA: Longitudinal ridge on dorsolateral region of carapace running dorsal to orbital region. ENDOPOD: Mesial ramus of biramous appendage, especially one arising from the basis or from the protopodite of the pleopod EPIGASTRIC TOOTH: Tooth on the carapace situated above the gastric region behind the first (posterior most) rostral tooth. EPIPOD: Lateral exite of the coxa of a thoracic appendage, sometimes branchial in function. EXOPOD: Lateral ramus of a biramous appendage, arising from the basis, or from the protopodite. GASTROFRONTAL CARINA: Short longitudinal ridge extending posteriorly from the ventral extremity of the orbital region. GASTROFRONTAL SULCUS: Short longitudinal depression accompanying the gastrofrontal