Mapping the National Development Plan to the United Nations and African Union Sustainable Development Agendas National Planning Commission Room 237, Union Building, Government Ave, Pretoria Tel: +27 12 312 0234 Fax: 086 683 5371 / 012 312 1980 www.nationalplanningcommission.org.za Mapping the National Development Plan to the United Nations and African Union Sustainable Development Agendas 4

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Abbreviations and Acronyms 8 Acknowledgements 10 Foreword 11 Executive Summary 13 Key Findings 16 Observations 17 Economy and Employment 18 Economic Infrastructure 18 Environmental Sustainability and Resilience 19 Inclusive Rural Economy 19 South Africa in the Region and the World 19 Transforming Human Settlements 19 Improving Education, Training, and Innovation 19 Health Care for All 20 to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development Social Protection 20 Building Safer Communities 20 Building a Capable and Developmental State 20 Fighting Corruption 20 Nation Building and Social Cohesion 21 Gap Analysis 21

INTRODUCTION 23 PLANNING FRAMEWORKS IN SOUTH AFRICA – 1994 to NDP 27 The Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP) 1994 28 The Growth, Employment and Redistribution (GEAR) strategy 1996 29 The Accelerated and Shared Growth Initiative for South Africa (ASGISA) 2006 29 The New Growth Path (NGP) 2010 30 Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development The National Development Plan – Vision 2030 31 The Medium-Term Strategic Framework 32 SOUTH AFRICA – FROM MDGs to SDGs and AGENDA 2063 – Unfinished Business? 34 South Africa: The MDGs, and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, and Agenda 2063 35 Mapping the NDP to the MTSF, SDGs and AU Agenda 2063 37 Criteria for classifying NDP Objectives against the SDGs and Agenda 2063 39 Alignment between the NDP, SDGs and Agenda 2063 40 NDP CHAPTER 3: ECONOMY AND EMPLOYMENT 55 NDP CHAPTER 4 - ECONOMIC INFRASTRUCTURE 60 NDP CHAPTER 5 - ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY AND RESILIENCE 65 NDP CHAPTER 6 - INCLUSIVE RURAL ECONOMY 74 NDP CHAPTER 7 - SOUTH AFRICA IN THE REGION AND THE WORLD 77 5

NDP CHAPTER 8 - TRANSFORMING HUMAN SETTLEMENTS 80 NDP CHAPTER 9 - IMPROVING EDUCATION, TRAINING AND INNOVATION 83 NDP CHAPTER 10 - HEALTH CARE FOR ALL 89 NDP CHAPTER 11 - SOCIAL PROTECTION 93 NDP CHAPTER 12 - BUILDING SAFER COMMUNITIES 98 NDP CHAPTER 13 - BUILDING A CAPABLE AND DEVELOPMENTAL STATE 101 NDP CHAPTER 14 - FIGHTING CORRUPTION 105 NDP CHAPTER 15 – NATION BUILDING AND SOCIAL COHESION 110 GAP ANALYSIS 113 Agenda 2063 113 The SDGs 114

CONCLUSION 122 KEY MESSAGES. 122

Appendix 1: 125 Operational chapters of the National Development Plan and their respective objectives 125 Chapter 3: Economy and employment 125 Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development Chapter 4: Economic infrastructure 125 Chapter 5: Environmental sustainability and resilience 125 Chapter 6: Inclusive rural economy 126 Chapter 7: South Africa in the region and the world 126 Chapter 8: Transforming human settlements 126 Chapter 9: Improving education, training and innovation 126 Chapter 10: Health care for all 126 Chapter 11: Social protection 127 Chapter 12: Building safer communities 127 Chapter 13: Building a capable and developmental state 127 Chapter 14: Fighting corruption 127 Chapter 15: Nation-building and social cohesion 127 Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development

Appendix 2: 128 MTSF Outcomes 128 Outcome 1: Quality basic education 128 Outcome 2: A long and healthy life for all South Africans 128 Outcome 3: All people in South Africa are and feel safe 128 Outcome 4: Decent employment through inclusive growth 128 Outcome 5: A skilled and capable workforce to support an inclusive growth path 129 Outcome 6: An efficient, competitive and responsive economic infrastructure network 129 Outcome 7: Vibrant, equitable, sustainable rural communities contributing towards food security for all 129 Outcome 8: Sustainable human settlements and improved quality of household life 129 Outcome 9: Responsive, accountable, effective and efficient local government 129 6

Outcome 10: Protect and enhance our environmental assets and natural resources 129 Outcome 11: Create a better South Africa and contribute to a better Africa and a better world 130 Outcome 12: An efficient, effective and development-oriented public service 130 Outcome 13: A comprehensive, responsive and sustainable social protection system 130 Outcome 14: A diverse, socially cohesive society with a common national identity (nation-building) 130

Appendix 3: 130 AU Agenda 2063 Aspirations 130 Aspiration 1. 130 Aspiration 2. 131 Aspiration 3. 131 Aspiration 4. 131 Aspiration 5. 131 Aspiration 6. 131 Aspiration 7. 131

Appendix 4: 132 to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development Agenda 2063 Aspirations, Goals and Priority Areas 132

Appendix 5: Sustainable Development Goals 134 References 178

List of Figures Figure 1: Nine challenges identified by the Diagnostic Report 24 Figure 2: Convergence between the NDP and the SDGs 41 Figure 3: Proportion of Agenda 2063 priorities addressed by the NDP 43 Figure 4:The proportion of SDG targets directly addressed by the NDP, and the breakdown of targets not addressed by the NDP 48 Figure 5: Number of SDG targets and Agenda 2063 priorities addressed by the NDP objectives 56 Figure 6: Economic Infrastructure objectives addressing SDG targets and Agenda

Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development 2063 priorities 61 Figure 7: Environmental sustainability and resilience alignment objectives to SDGs and Agenda 2063 66 Figure 8: Inclusive rural economy alignment with the SDG targets and Agenda 2063 priorities 74 Figure 9: South Africa in the region and the world - alignment of NDP objectives to SDGs and Agenda 2063 77 Figure 10: Transforming Human Settlements 80 Figure 11: Improving education, training and innovation alignment to MTSF, SDGs and Agenda 2063 84 Figure 12: Health care for all and its alignment to the SDGs and Agenda 2063 89 Figure 13: Social protection - alignment of NDP to SDGs and Agenda 2063 94 Figure 14: Building a capable and developmental state alignment with SDGs and Agenda 2063 102 Figure 15: NDP-SDGs Alignment 123 Figure 16: Detail of SDG targets not addressed by the NDP 124 Figure 17: Direct and indirect impacted Agenda 2063 priorities 124

8

ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS

ANC African National Congress

ASGISA Accelerated and Shared Growth Initiative for South Africa

AU African Union

BIOFIN Biodiversity Finance Initiative

BRICS Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa

CAP Common African Position

CBD Convention on Biological Diversity

CCMA Commission for Conciliation, Mediation and Arbitration

CLPA Child Labour Programme of Action to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development CBD Convention on Biological Diversity

CoP United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

CoP21 21st Conference of Parties of the United Nations Framework Convention of Climate Change

CSO Civil Society Organisation

DEA Department of Environmental Affairs

DoL Department of Labour

DORA Division of Revenue Act

DPME Department of Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation

DWAF Department of Water Affairs

FAO Food and Agricultural Organisation Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development FCTC Framework Convention on Tobacco Control

GDP Gross Domestic Product

GEAR Growth, Employment and Redistribution

GNI Gross National Income

HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus

HLC High-Level Committee

IDP Integrated Development Plan

IRP Integrated Resource Plan

JBCC Joint Bilateral Commission for Cooperation

LDC Least Developed Country 9

MAF MDG Acceleration Framework

MDG Millennium Development Goals

MMR Maternal Mortality Rate

MTSF Medium Term Strategic Framework

NBSAP National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan

NDP National Development Plan

NEDLAC National Economic Development and Labour Council

NGP New Growth Path

NPC National Planning Commission

NTSS National Tourism Sector Strategy

ODA Official Development Assistance

PAJA Promotion of Administrative Justice Act

PFMA Public Finance Management Act

PMTCT Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development

PMU Programme Management Unit

POA Programme of Action

PPP Public-Private Partnerships

RDP Reconstruction and Development Programme

RSC Regional Service Centre

SADC Southern Africa Development Community

SADPA South African Development Partnership Agency

SAIDA South African International Development Agency

SARS South African Revenue Service

SAT South African Tourism Plan Mapping the National Development

SDG Sustainable Development Goals

SIDS Small Island Developing States

SPGRC SADC Plant Genetic Resources Centre

TB Tuberculosis

TEP Tourism Enterprise Partnership

UN United Nations

UNDP United Nations Development Programme

VAWC Violence against Women and Children

WTO World Trade Organization 10

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The assessment of the convergence between The UNDP technical team, led by Ms. Fatou the National Development Plan (NDP) and the Leigh (UNDP Economic Advisor), included Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and Bongani President Matomela, Khepi Shole, the gap analysis was prepared under the overall Letsholo Mojanaga, Msingathi Sipuka, Rhulani leadership of Mr. Tshediso Matona, Secretary Lehloka, Lindiwe Dhlamini, Evan Jacobs, of National Planning, National Planning Nokuthula Nyamwenda, Sara Hamano and Commission Secretariat in The Presidency and Karabo Moloi. Alessandra Casazza from the Dr Ayodele Odusola, Resident Representative, UNDP Regional Service Centre for Africa United Nations Development Programme (RSC-A) in Addis Ababa made comprehensive (UNDP). Mr. Osten Chulu (Consulting Policy comments and substantive input to the Advisor) is the lead author. initial draft.

Dr Kefiloe Masiteng, Deputy Secretary of These two teams worked tirelessly together to the National Planning, Mr. Lusanda Batala get this report to this level. Earlier versions of (Senior Sector Expert) provided substantive the report also benefited from the guidance to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development input to the report and led the technical team of Ms. Percy Moleke (then Deputy Director from the National Planning Commission General, Policy and Research, National Planning Secretariat. Members of the technical team Commission Secretariat) and Mr. Walid Badawi included Silondile Mpotshane, Dr Mthokozisi (then UNDP South Africa Country Director). Tshuma, Lusanda Batala, Xoliswa Dilata, Nomsa Montshioane, Moshidi Phora and Sandisiwe Mapine. Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development 11

FOREWORD

The United Nations (UN) 2030 Agenda for Overall, the study concludes that, at 74%, Sustainable Development, Sustainable the level of convergence between the NDP Development Goals (SDGs) maintain the Objectives and SDG Targets is quite high. The thematic work on poverty eradication targeted NDP’s alignment to global standards and by the MDGs and reflect a comprehensive global best practice simplifies and streamlines perspective on international development and reporting on the NDP, SDGs and Agenda 2063 sustaining human life. thus providing a good basis for sustainable development policy making. This report was made possible thanks to the support of the United Nations Development Going forward, government will build on the Programme (UNDP) on behalf of the UN in strengthened partnership with the UN, enabled South Africa. The report presents a detailed and supported by UNDP, which has developed analysis of the convergence between South useful tools, such as, MAPS (Mainstreaming, Africa’s National Development Plan-Vision Acceleration and Policy Support) for use in 2030 (NDP) and the SDGs. It highlights gaps developing an integrated approach, reflecting in the coverage of SDGs in the NDP, and the the principle of Leaving No One Behind, and Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development response to them. Although the central focus ensuring that multi- stakeholder engagements of the study is on linkages between the NDP are undertaken with all social partners. MAPS and SDGs, a further comparison is made to will assist South Africa to do a detailed analysis link these two frameworks to the Africa Union and mapping towards the domestication of the Agenda 2063. The report takes each of the SDGs in the country. priority actions outlined in the NDP and cross matches them to the SDG targets. Where gaps We hope that this report contributes to exist, it examines how many of them are being integrated planning in South Africa, as addressed comprehensively outside the scope well as coordinated action on the country’s of the NDP through other sectoral frameworks development priorities, with government and strategies. In some cases, there are SDG working with all stakeholders and actors in targets which are not relevant to South Africa’s society. NDP, as the Plan reflects the country’s specific context as well as the particular challenges

identified in the Diagnostic Report produced Plan Mapping the National Development in 2011 by the National Planning Commission (NPC), South Africa’s planning think-tank.

Mr Tshediso Matona Dr Ayodele Odusola Secretary of Planning UNDP Resident Representative National Planning Commission The Presidency, South Africa

13

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

South Africa has made remarkable progress As part of the process, the NPC released a since it transitioned to democracy in 1994, Diagnostic Report which provided an honest establishing a solid foundation for democratic reflection of the achievements of the country governance and improved access to education, since 1994 and the remaining challenges. health services, water, electricity, housing This report was welcomed as a constructive and social protection for the historically assessment and led to the development of disadvantaged. Despite these advances, the NDP in November 2011 and its adoption in challenges remain, which prompted President 2012. The NDP provides a thorough analysis of Zuma to appoint a National Planning the underlying and structural factors that need Commission (NPC) in 2010 to draft a vision to be addressed to realise the Vision 2030. The (Vision 2030) and National Development Plan analysis highlighted the fact that South Africa (NDP) to address the challenges identified. has:

A dual economy characterised by a highly developed formal sector that co-exists with a large, under-developed informal sector. to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development

sharp disparities in access to assets and services – such as land, quality education, skills, technology and capital – that translate into low household incomes for large segments of the population.

the relative decline of sectors like mining and manufacturing leading to job and income losses; and

difficulties in translating substantial investments in social protection and service delivery into increased participation of the poor in the economy.

Following the adoption of the 2030 Agenda for The NDP was not, and is not intended to Sustainable Development and the attendant cover the six broad contours of the SDGs, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) at the namely, “leave no one behind; put sustainable 70th Session of the United Nations General development at the core of all development Plan Mapping the National Development Assembly in September 20151, the government programmes; integrate social, economic and has seen a need to align its policies and environmental dimensions of sustainability in programmes articulated in the NDP to the all areas of human endeavour; transform the newly adopted global agenda encapsulating economy for growth and inclusive growth; build the SDGs, and thus requested the United peaceful and effective, open and accountable Nations Development Programme (UNDP) institutions for all; and forge a new partnership undertake a mapping exercise to establish for development”, although elements of the extent to which the NDP and the SDGs these contours are prevalent in most of the converge, and identify gaps between the NDP sentiments expressed in the NDP. objectives and the SDG targets. Since the NDP is a response to the Diagnostic Report of 2011, it does not cover all 17 global priorities covered under the SDGs, but rather reflects the needs and challenges of South Africa at that time.

1 UNGASS – 2015 - http://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/RES/70/1 14

The mapping exercise takes all priorities and Union Agenda 2063 is also undertaken. The actions stated in the 13 programmatic chapters context for this mapping exercise is South of the NDP and cross-matches them to each of Africa’s political commitment to a development the 169 SDG targets as well as the 39 Agenda trajectory rooted in its support for the domestic 2063 priority areas. The criteria for establishing nature of the NDP and the Global Agenda to how closely matched an NDP objective is to a which South Africa considers itself a significant particular SDG target or Agenda 2063 priority player. Additionally, it takes account of area included: the process led by South Africa, which culminated in the adoption of the African i. how the NDP intervention impacts the SDG Union Agenda 2063. target or Agenda 2063 priority area (multiplier effects); This analysis furthermore seeks to respond to, and address five areas that were highlighted ii. the beneficiary population – whether the during a debate in 2016, jointly organised by target group includes vulnerable groups and UNDP, the Government of South Africa through the least well-off; and the Department of Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation (DPME), the Wits School of iii. speed of impact of the NDP intervention. Governance and the Oliver and Adelaide Tambo Foundation. The debate, one of several under to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development A further mapping between the NDP priority the umbrella of the OR Tambo Debate Series, areas, the Medium-Term Strategic Framework concluded on the need to explore further the (MTSF, which articulates the implementation following issues: strategy for the NDP), the SDGs and the African

To what extent does the NDP align with the SDGs?

What are the gaps between the NDP and the SDGs and what is South Africa doing about these gaps?

Are there synergies across sectors and if so, specifically which NDP objectives contribute to more than one SDG?

What lessons from the implementation of the NDP, including action points and policy directions, Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development should be revisited to ensure that there is complete alignment where appropriate to the context?

The resulting analysis reflects on South Africa’s provincial and local government planning post-1994 development journey. It highlights processes. the milestone plans that have been developed, from the Reconstruction and Development Furthermore, the MTSF output level indicators Programme (RDP); the Growth, Employment need additional analysis to guide local and Redistribution Strategy (GEAR); to the planning processes and ensure they are in present day NDP and its Medium-Term tune with the country’s goals and vision. Strategic Framework (MTSF) implementation A programmatic translation of the policy modality, which has at its core the goal of framework and assessment of the impact of eliminating poverty and reducing inequality by the NDP on communities is recommended for the year 2030. The MTSF serves as a framework consideration. of actions and targets to dovetail with national, 15

It will be recalled that South Africa played a a challenge, South Africa has a plan in place key role in the context of several global and and a winning chance in the fight against continental processes that unfolded during hunger, disease, ignorance, gender equality 2015 which led to the development of the and making South Africa and the world a better 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, place”. as well as continent-wide processes that The overarching objectives of South Africa’s culminated in the conclusion and adoption of NDP and Vision 2030 are to eradicate poverty, the African Union Agenda 2063. It will also be reduce unemployment, and considerably recalled that in 2013, the African Union, under reduce inequality. Within these broad the leadership of South African Dr Nkosazana objectives, South Africa has committed to Dlamini-Zuma, laid down a vision for the ‘Africa bring the proportion of people living below we want’, including eight ideals, which were the national poverty line of R419/month from later translated into the seven aspirations of 39% to zero, and to reduce income inequality, Agenda 2063. At the same time, Heads of State as measured by the Gini Coefficient, from 0.69 and Government of the AU decided to establish to 0.60. The SDGs, drawing on the experiences, a High-Level Committee (HLC) comprising and unfinished business of the MDGs, also ten member states, including South Africa, advance the notion of eradicating poverty to develop the Common African Position on and reducing inequalities within, and among the post-2015 development agenda (CAP). countries everywhere. It is therefore critical that Subsequently, on the side-lines of the United national priorities are in congruence with the Nations General Assembly, in September 2014,

global objectives contained in the 2030 Agenda Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development the ministers of the G77 plus China (G77+China) for Sustainable Development. Similarly, there elected South Africa as a rotating Chair of the is a need to further elaborate on the linkages group for 2015. As Chair of the G77+China, South between both the NDP and the MTSF outcomes Africa had the challenging task of leading the to the two relevant sets of goals and aspirations group in the context of major international encapsulated in the SDGs and the continental negotiations taking place in 2015. Agenda 2063. By 2010, South Africa had integrated the The NDP provides a comprehensive response Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) to the challenges identified in the Diagnostic into its MTSF and other planning and Report. It is important to establish whether the implementation frameworks. It was embarking mismatch between the NDP objectives and the upon accelerating efforts in implementing SDG targets happened because the Diagnostic programmes that would ensure that those Report did not consider some aspect which lagging MDGs would be brought up to speed now appears in the SDGs as important or through the MDG Acceleration Framework relevant to the challenges of the day. The (MAF) process. The MTSF 2009-2014 was NDP has strong foundations in South Africa’s Plan Mapping the National Development a statement of government intent, which Constitution, which is centred on the realisation identified development challenges facing the of the Bill of Rights and the Freedom Charter. country and outlined a medium-term strategy It is also important to ascertain whether any to improve the living conditions of South SDG target not aligned to any NDP objective is Africans. It outlined ten priority areas, which relevant and important to the development of were aimed at giving life to the objective of South Africa and whether it is being addressed meeting the development needs of all South elsewhere using some other sectoral or regional Africans. The MTSF 2009-2014 also coincided development platforms, or whether it was an with the government’s efforts to meet its oversight on the part of the developers of the international commitments and obligations, NDP. In general, the NDP and the SDGs are very especially through its demonstrated ownership closely aligned apart from those NDP elements of the MDG agenda. The 2010 MDG Report which were unique to the needs of South Africa concludes that the “South African Constitution but not prioritised at the global level or those and its development mandate explicitly takes SDG elements which were pertinent to global MDGs into account, and therefore there needs but not relevant to South Africa. remains a greater possibility that despite many 16

Key Findings The analysis also helps to map SDG targets that This mapping exercise highlights the need to be addressed by multiple departments convergence between South Africa’s NDP and policy areas where actions can affect and SDG targets, as well as between the NDP multiple SDGs. This points to the critical need for and Agenda 2063 of the African Union. The strong cross-sector institutional arrangements exercise also examines the gaps that occur to promote sectoral interlinkages, prioritisation, between the NDP and the two development and budgeting which are key elements to SDG frameworks. There is a very high level of achievement – identifying priority drivers and convergence of 94.87% between the NDP investments that can make progress towards Objectives and Agenda 2063 Goals and Priority multiple SDG targets at the same time. Areas. The difference is mainly in Aspiration 5 which is not reflected in the NDP. The level of The assessment conducted in this study should convergence between the NDP objectives and be read in conjunction with the Statistics South SDG targets is also quite high at 74%, though Africa’s baseline report on SDG indicators, it should be noted from the onset that the which will ultimately be used to track progress NDP remains a reflection of the challenges on the implementation on the NDP and identified in the Diagnostic Report in response sectoral strategies’ impact on the SDGs. In the to specific challenges that the country faced in Rapid Integrated Assessment, 96 SDG targets the period from 1994 to 2010, and could thus were directly addressed by one or more NDP to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development not be expected to be completely in tandem objective(s); 29 SDG targets were partially with the SDGs. Further, owing to South Africa’s addressed by one or more NDP objective(s) leadership role in most global and continental while 44 SDG targets were not addressed at all processes preceding the adoption of the SDGs by the NDP. Of the 44 targets not addressed, 32 and the African Union Agenda 2063, it would targets were addressed by other frameworks be expected that there would be a significant and strategies outside the NDP, while 12 did not level of convergence between South Africa’s apply to the South African context. development frameworks and the global/ continental agendas. The assessment above indicates that fully addressed and partially addressed SDGs The analysis presents a first step in assessing account for 74% of all SDGs, meaning there is the degree to which South Africa’s plans reflect strong convergence between the NDP and the the objectives of the SDGs and the Aspirations SDGs. A qualitative analysis of the structure in the African Union Agenda 2063. The gaps of NDP interventions having the highest that have been identified do not in any way multiplier effects on SDGs suggests that

Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development suggest that South Africa is not addressing those NDP objectives with high redistributive them. Many of the gaps are being addressed characteristics exhibit more influences on comprehensively outside the scope of the SDG targets. The cost implications of such NDP through some other sectoral frameworks interventions cannot be ascertained in this and strategies. These gaps are analysed analysis but may warrant further analysis going comprehensively in the gap analysis, while forward. those that have no relevance to the country context are labelled as such. The gap analysis shows that South Africa has a wealth of plans and strategies, many of which are well aligned with the SDGs but are not being implemented within the scope of the NDP. Since the NDP and Agenda 2063 are fully aligned, there are no gaps to be analysed for these two frameworks. 17

Observations South African context. 1. The NDP and Agenda 2063 are highly aligned at 94.87 %. Aspiration 5 (Africa with a 6. Most NDP objectives with a redistributive Strong Cultural Identity Common Heritage, slant affect the highest number of SDG Values and Ethics) in Agenda 2063 is not targets – these have a direct impact on the covered by the NDP. The Aspiration one SDGs. In contrast, other NDP objectives goal, which focusses on the pre-eminence could be construed as catalytic or enablers. of African cultural renaissance and the ideals of Pan Africanism and African 7. The NDP objectives classified into high heritage. impact, medium impact and low impact should be read in tandem with the SDG 2. The idea of Pan Africanism is however indicator framework which Statistics South rooted in South African society and is Africa has developed to measure progress alluded to in its foreign policy which pins towards attaining the SDGs. South African international engagement to Pan-Africanism and South-South solidarity 8. If any of the SDG targets becomes a key expressed in the concept of Ubuntu. priority, the analysis can guide policymakers as to which interventions could yield the 3. The NDP and the SDGs are highly aligned, best positive impact on particular SDG with a convergence ratio of 74%. This means targets. At the same time, the gaps provide that 74% of the SDG targets are covered by guidance on what SDG targets need to be to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development the NDP. addressed if they are currently not.

4. The remaining 26% (44 targets) of the 169 9. The multi-sectoral nature of SDG SDG targets are not covered within the intervention is clear from the analysis. Some framework of the NDP. Out of this, 32 targets SDG targets will require a multi-pronged are being addressed comprehensively in approach, while others are sector-specific. programmes running at the sectoral level Equally, some sector-specific interventions or in parallel to the NDP. may result in positive or negative impacts elsewhere. 5. Only 12 SDG targets do not apply to the

NDP - SDGs Alignment 26% Plan Mapping the National Development SDG targets not addressed in NDP: 44/169 57% SDG targets fully 17% addressed: 96/169 SDG targets partially addressed: 29/169 18

SDGs not in NDP but addressed in other sectoral programmes and non-applicable SDGs

27% SDG not applicable: 12/44

73% SDG targets addressed in other sectoral

to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development programmes: 32/44

Economy and Employment targets in SDG 1, 5, 6, 7, 9 and 11. The chapter is The economy and employment chapter of the similarly reflected in Aspirations 1, 3, 4,6 and 7 of NDP exhibits a very high level of convergence Agenda 2063. across many SDG targets. Specifically, looking across the SDG target rows in the Integrated Assessment Matrix, Economy and Employment (chapter 3) and Social Protection (chapter 11) have direct linkages to almost all the targets in Goal 1, apart from target 1.a which

Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development concerns ensuring significant mobilisation of resources through, for instance, development cooperation. Other NDP objectives with direct links to Goal 1 targets include Inclusive Rural Economy, Economic Infrastructure, Environmental Sustainability and Building a Capable and Developmental State.

Economic Infrastructure The main objective of this chapter is to ensure that all people have access to sustainable energy; clean, potable water and that there is enough water for agriculture and industry, recognising the trade-offs in the use of water. This chapter has significant convergence with 19

Environmental Sustainability and Resilience Agenda 2063. The specific objectives under this chapter include developing a set of indicators for Transforming Human Settlements natural resources, accompanied by the The provision of human settlements has been publication of annual reports on the health of a top priority in the NDP and was seen as a identified resources to inform policy. It also key element of stability and social cohesion. includes setting a target for the amount of land This chapter was meant to address historical and oceans under protection. It aims to achieve imbalances in the provision of decent the peak, plateau and decline trajectory for settlements and improve the quality of services greenhouse gas emissions, with the peak being available to South Africans. SDG target 1.4 and reached around 2025. There is a high degree SDG targets 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 11.7 and 11.b; as well as of convergence between the objectives of the Aspirations 1, 3, 4 and 7, are specifically aligned NDP Chapter 5, Outcome 10 of the MTSF and to this chapter. SDG 1, 2, 6, 7, 11, 12, 13, 14.

Inclusive Rural Economy Chapter 6 of the NDP focuses on developing an inclusive rural economy through improved infrastructure and service delivery, a review of land tenure, service to small and micro farmers,

a review of mining industry commitments to Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development social investment, and tourism investments. It also proposes to increase investment in irrigation infrastructure substantially. There are some linkages with the SDG targets which are very broad and hence are subject to varying interpretations. Broadly, this chapter and the SDGs have limited convergence. Whereas the NDP emphasises creating rural jobs in agriculture and agro-processing as well as ensuring that the terms of trade in the primary commodity sector are favourable to rural farmers, the SDG targets related to this aspect are focused on mostly the group of least developed countries, of which South Africa is not a member. This resonates well with Aspiration 1, 3, 6 and 7 of Agenda 2063. Plan Mapping the National Development Improving Education, Training, and South Africa in the Region and the World Innovation The NDP recognises South Africa’s leadership The NDP provides a substantially detailed responsibility and has prioritised inter-regional account on the efforts needed to respond to trade as a key instrument in promoting the challenge of quality education, calling for livelihoods, not only domestically, but also improvements in the provision of education across the continent in a “win-win” spirit. services across all levels, starting from There are four SDG targets related to the NDP prioritising early childhood development, chapter focusing on South-South and regional including pre-school education. The actions cooperation as well as adherence to various and programmes outlined in the NDP in this global trading regimes such as the Doha area resonate quite strongly with SDG 4, 5, 8 Round. Similarly, Aspirations 1, 3 and 7 focus and 9. The congruence is significantly strong in on inclusive institutions and Pan-Africanism, Aspirations1, 3, 6 and 7 of Agenda 2063. a trait that is emphasized throughout 20

pre1994 political dispensation, which resulted in one of the most unequal societies in the world. To address this, a far-reaching, broad-based social protection system was a key priority of the NDP, including mechanisms and incentives to assist the unemployed to access the labour market as well as to expand existing public employment initiatives. This NDP chapter has a strong alignment to SDG 1, SDG 2, SDG 4 and SDG 10 as well as Aspirations 1, 3, 4 6 and 7.

Building Safer Communities Chapter 12 of the NDP relates to security, access to justice and the rule of law. This is to be implemented through Outcome 3 of the MTSF and is addressed by SDG 3 – Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages - targets 3.5, 3.6 and 3.7. There is also strong congruence with SDG target 10.7 and all targets to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development in SDG 16. This chapter addresses Aspirations 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 7 in Agenda 2063.

Building a Capable and Developmental State This chapter proposes a public service immersed in the development agenda but insulated from undue political interference. It strives to create a state that can play a developmental and transformative role in Health Care for All society. This chapter is only reflected in SDG 16 The NDP pays a lot of attention to improving and Aspirations 1, 2, 3 6 and 7of Agenda 2063. health outcomes and increasing male and SDG 16 focuses on promoting peaceful and female life expectancy at birth. Having some inclusive societies for sustainable development; of the biggest challenges in tuberculosis (TB) providing access to justice for all; and building and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), effective, accountable and inclusive institutions Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development South Africa has instituted one of the largest at all levels. programmes of TB prevention. It has the largest HIV acquired immune deficiency syndrome Fighting Corruption (HIV/AIDS) treatment programme in the world, with well over 3.1 million people on antiretroviral The NDP’s objective in this area was to create treatment out of 6.2 million people living with a corruption-free society, a high adherence to HIV. There exists a very strong convergence ethics throughout society and a government between the objective actions spelt out under accountable to its people. These broad this priority area with the SDG targets 1.1, 1.2 objectives are reflected in SDG 16, especially and 1.4; and all the targets under SDG 3. The targets 16.5 and 16.6, though all targets under Aspirations addressed under this chapter SDG 16 do contribute towards the objectives include Aspiration 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 7. stated in this NDP chapter. Similarly, in Agenda 2063, Aspirations 1, 2, 3, 6 and 7 are addressed by this chapter in the NDP. Social Protection Social exclusion was one of the hallmarks of the 21

Nation Building and Social Cohesion 1. Some of the SDG targets were not a priority The NDP states that “Our vision is a society for South Africa. where opportunity is not determined by race or 2. Some of the SDG targets were a priority birthright; where citizens accept that they have for South Africa but are being dealt with both rights and responsibilities. Most critically, outside the NDP framework. we seek a united, prosperous, non-racial, 3. Some of the NDP objectives are critical to non-sexist and democratic South Africa.” This South Africa but are not reflected in the objective is covered under SDG target 10.2 SDG framework. – which states that “By 2030, empower and promote the social, economic and political inclusion of all, irrespective of age, sex, disability, The figure below illustrates the typology of race, ethnicity, origin, religion or economic South Africa’s development programmes as or another status”, and target 10.3 – “Ensure they relate to the SDGs. There are five broad equal opportunity and reduce inequalities categories of policies and strategies defined: of outcome, including by eliminating 1. NDP programmes which directly or discriminatory laws, policies and practices and indirectly address aspects of SDGs. promoting appropriate legislation, policies and 2. NDP programmes not addressing any SDG action in this regard.” It is also in congruence targets. with SDG 16 covering most of the targets. All to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development the Aspirations in Agenda 2063 are structured 3. SDG targets not addressed in the NDP and around building national and social cohesion. are not relevant nor applicable to South Africa.

Gap Analysis 4. SDG targets not addressed in the NDP but The NDP was developed to respond to the are comprehensively addressed in other findings of the Diagnostic Report. As such, sectoral programmes. there is a strong likelihood that some elements 5. Other programmes which are neither of the SDGs were left out for the following found in the NDP or the SDGs – (not the reasons: focus of this analysis).

Typology of convergence or non-convergence between national programmes and the SDGs SDGs not a ddressed in the Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development NDP but are SDGs comprehensively SDGs not addressed in addressed by NDP other sectoral and not relevant programmes to South Africa or NDP are Gaps NDP and SDG NDP convergence programmes -74% of SDGs are Other non-NDP/ not in NDP addressed by NDP non-SDG objectives programmes

23

INTRODUCTION

Following the unanimous adoption of the 2030 There are some SDG goals and targets which Agenda for Sustainable Development and its are not featured in the NDP (and vice-versa). Sustainable Development Goals by 193 Member This does not imply that South Africa is not States at the 70th Session of the United Nations doing anything about these particular goals General Assembly, many countries embarked and targets. on customising the global agenda to local conditions in a process which has come to be The formulation of the NDP and the targets known as “domestication” or “localisation”. One articulated therein reflect solutions and of the first steps that countries are encouraged measures which the developers perceived to undertake is an exercise to assess the as essential to respond to the prevailing alignment of national planning frameworks conditions and identified priorities outlined in to this global agenda, with specific reference the Diagnostic Report of 2011. At the heart of the to the interface between the Sustainable analysis is identifying synergies and trade-offs Development Goals (SDGs) and national across sectors and goals, as well as identifying priorities and programmes. The 2030 Agenda and addressing gaps that may exist in the for Sustainable Development further recognizes national framework, vis-à-vis the internationally Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development and supports the African Union’s Agenda 2063, agreed SDGs. Being a signatory to the 2030 which was adopted in 2013 as a long-term Agenda for Sustainable Development and the development vision entitled ‘The Africa We SDGs, South Africa is bound by its international Want’. This was done at the commemoration obligations to ensure that its programmes of the 50th Anniversary of the Organization and strategies are in tandem with the SDGs of African Unity in May 2013. The Agenda and that the fundamental contours of 2030 articulates seven aspirations and 20 goals, 39 Agenda for Sustainable Development, priority areas and 256 targets to be advanced predominated by the strategic imperative of through Ten-Year Implementation Plans, with “Leave No One Behind”, is adhered to. Other the first one running from 2014 to 2023. The contours of the 2030 Agenda include putting aspirations represent the fundamental ideals sustainable development at the core of all that Africa as a continent will strive to achieve development programmes; integrating social, in the next 50 years. economic and environmental dimensions of sustainability in all areas of human endeavour;

This report examines the extent to which the transforming economies for jobs and inclusive Plan Mapping the National Development National Development Plan – Vision 2030 growth; building peace and effective, open and (NDP) is aligned to both the 2030 Agenda for accountable institutions for all; and, forging a Sustainable Development and its SDGs and the new global partnership. AU Agenda 2063. It served as a foundation for the implementation of the global and continental South Africa’s part in negotiating and framing development blueprints in fulfilment of South the global and continental processes leading Africa’s membership in the global community. to the development of the 2030 Agenda for Indeed, South Africa was leading the African Sustainable Development and the SDGs, Union when the AU Agenda 2063 was developed and further, the African Union’s Agenda 2063 and launched. It is important to state, from the referred to the National Development Plan – on-set, that non-alignment between the NDP Vision 2030 as a key national input into these and the SDGs and Agenda 2063 should not be global and continental agenda. seen as a complete divergence between the three frameworks, but rather should be seen in the context in which they were formulated. 24

The NDP is grounded in an analysis of South and National Development Plan to guide the Africa’s achievements and the challenges faced country towards a better future. President since 1994. It sets out the elements that guide Jacob Zuma requested the NPC “to take a the country’s development policies and actions broad, cross-cutting, independent and critical until 2030, to eliminate poverty and reduce view” of challenges and opportunities facing inequality. This study was undertaken at the the country as a way of creating a new vision for joint behest of the Department of Planning, all South Africans. The commission initiated a Monitoring and Evaluation (DPME), and the diagnostic analysis to identify and examine key United Nations Development Programme challenges and obstacles that have an impact (UNDP) following a debate2 titled “Aligning on the social and economic development the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to of the country. An extensive period of public the NDP: Towards domestication of the SDGs engagements and consultations took place in South Africa” held under the auspices of during the analysis. The NPC hosted multiple the Joint DPME, Wits School of Governance, forums across the country and engagements Oliver and Adelaide Tambo Foundation and the through a live online national communication UNDP programme on implementing the NDP. platform dubbed the “NPC Jam”3. The NPC released the Diagnostic Report in June 2011 to South Africa’s NDP is a culmination of intensive set out SA’s achievements and shortcomings work which started in May 2010 when the since 1994 to form the basis for charting the to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development National Planning Commission (NPC) under way forward until 2030. The Diagnostic Report Minister in the Presidency for National Planning, identified nine primary challenges, as follows: Trevor Manuel was mandated to draft a vision

Figure 1: Nine challenges identified by the Diagnostic Report

Too few jobs

Crumbling

Divided infrastructure communities

Resource intense

Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development economy

Poverty and Inequality Exclusive Corruption Planning

educationPoor High disease burden

Public unevenservice 25

1. Too few South Africans are employed; 2. The quality of education for poor black South Africans is substandard; 3. Poorly located and inadequate infrastructure limits social inclusion and faster economic growth; 4. South Africa’s growth path is highly resource-intensive and hence unsustainable; 5. Spatial challenges continue to marginalise the poor; 6. The ailing public health system confronts a massive disease burden; 7. The performance of the public service is uneven; 8. Corruption undermines state legitimacy and service delivery; and 9. South Africa remains a divided society.

Box 1: The Nine challenges in the Diagnostic all South Africans attain a decent standard of Report living through the elimination of poverty and

The challenges identified in the Diagnostic the reduction of inequality. The core elements Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development Report laid the foundation for the development of a decent standard of living are given as 4 of the NDP with a time horizon extending to follows : 2030. The main aim of the NDP is to ensure that

Chapter One: Policy making in a complex environment

Chapter Two: Demographic trends

Chapter Three: Economy and employment

Chapter Four: Economic infrastructure – the foundation of social and economic development

Chapter Five: Ensuring environmental sustainability and equitable transition

to a low-carbon economy Plan Mapping the National Development

Chapter Six: An integrated and inclusive rural economy

Chapter Seven: Positioning South Africa in the world

Chapter Eight: Transforming human settlement and the national space economy

Chapter Nine: Improving education, training and innovation

Chapter Ten: Promoting health

Chapter Eleven: Social protection

Chapter Twelve: Building safer communities Chapter Thirteen: Building a capable developmental state

Chapter Fourteen: Fighting corruption Chapter Fifteen: Transforming society and uniting the country 26

Box 2: Chapters of the National Development 4. Before discussing the linkages or gaps thereof Plan - Vision 2030 between the NDP Vision 2030 and the SDGs, it Meanwhile, as the SDGs were being is important to have a clear understanding of conceptualised, South Africa had completed its the genesis of planning in South Africa since NDP based on the challenges and aspirations 1994, and how national priorities have evolved in the Diagnostic Report. South Africa played over time. Each of the national development a key role in the negotiations and processes plans launched and implemented since 1994 culminating in the drafting and adoption of the had specific issues to respond to and were 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and not meant to be exhaustive in their scope and its 17 SDGs, as well as the leadership role in the coverage. The next section takes a brief look at formulation and launching of the African Union the various planning instruments instituted by Agenda 2063. South Africa’s role on the global the Government since 1994. stage will be discussed in more detail in Chapter to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development

Poverty is not an accident, like slavery and apartheid,it is man-made and

Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development can be removed by the actions of human beings.

- Nelson Mandela

4 https://nationalplanningcommission.wordpress.com/the-national-development-plan/ 27

PLANNING FRAMEWORKS IN SOUTH AFRICA – 1994 TO NDP

The first democratic elections in South Africa democratic, non-racial and non-sexist state. took place in April 1994, ushering into power the Planning in South Africa is anchored in its African National Congress (ANC), which won Constitution, which “enshrines a rights-based with a majority vote to head the government approach and envisions a prosperous, of national unity. One of the immediate tasks non-racial, non-sexist democracy that belongs of the fledgling government was to rebuild and to all its people. The Constitution further obliges transform the economy, which had suffered South Africa to heal the divisions of the past, as a result of years of economic isolation recognising that the country emerged from a and financial exclusion because of sanctions system where the majority of its citizens were enforced by the international community robbed of opportunity.5” against the Apartheid system of government. To redress the gross social, economic and These two imperatives form the building blocks spatial inequalities of Apartheid, the ANC had for successful national development and have sought to rally all people and resources towards been the basis for planning at all spheres of to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development the final eradication of Apartheid and build a government. Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development

Long queues in April 1994 Source: The day God stepped in to save South Africa

5 Executive Summary – NDP 2030 – Our future – make it work. 28

The Reconstruction and Development outlined in “The White Paper on the Programme (RDP) 1994 Reconstruction and Development Programme Following the change in the political (1995)”: dispensation in South Africa in 1994, The ANC-led government committed to improving 1. Create a strong, dynamic and balanced the quality of life for ordinary people through economy; a programme known as the Reconstruction 2. Develop the human resource capacity of all and Development Programme (RDP). This was South Africans; the election platform on which the ANC rallied 3. Ensure that no one suffers racial or gender South Africans, and was ultimately selected discrimination in hiring, promotion or as the primary economic programme for the training situations new government. Its broad objective was to 4. Develop a prosperous, balanced regional create an equal society through reconstruction economy in Southern Africa; and and development, as well as strengthening 5. Democratise the state and society. democracy for all South Africans.6 The RDP identified five major policy programmes to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development Successes: “RDP was successful in some areas such as social security in which the government established a very extensive welfare system. The system catered for the aged, disabled, children in need, foster parents and many others too poor to meet their basic social requirements. Under this programme, free health care programmes were implemented for pregnant women and small children, and free meals were provided for between 3.5 to 5 million schoolchildren.”7

Challenges: The new government experienced difficulties

Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development in implementing the RDP due to (i) A very poor fiscal space inherited from the Apartheid regime, as well as the toxic economic legacy from more than 50 years of Apartheid; (ii) Lack of efficient public service and poor state capacity; and (iii) The inability of the new government to prioritise the RDP and to integrate it as the guiding principle of its socio-economic policies – it ignored the collection of new taxes, focusing, rather, on fiscal prudence and the reallocation of existing resources. Further, the new government lacked sufficiently skilled managers, and coordination mechanisms were weak.

6 http://www.sahistory.org.za/article/south-africa%E2%80%99s-key-economic-policies-changes-1994-2013 7 Ibid 29

The Growth, Employment and Redistribution investment were insufficient to contribute (GEAR) strategy 1996 to the reduction in unemployment, and Responding to the challenges identified the policy achieved very little success with by the RDP, the government introduced a the distribution of wealth. While the GEAR macroeconomic policy framework labelled strategy was sufficient for the achievement the Growth, Employment and Redistribution of macroeconomic objectives, it fell short (GEAR) strategy in 1996 to stimulate faster concerning the social challenges of the economic growth to generate enough country, most notably poverty reduction and resources to meet its social investment needs. employment creation as was envisaged. The policy included most of the measures articulated in the RDP but went further to try The Accelerated and Shared Growth Initiative and address fiscal deficits, keeping inflation for South Africa (ASGISA) 2006 in check, maintaining exchange rate stability, In 2005, GEAR was replaced by ASGISA, which decreasing barriers to trade and liberalising was construed to be an improvement on the first capital flows. two strategies. It was also an acknowledgement that despite the adoption and implementation Successes: Fiscal deficit, inflation and of the RDP and GEAR, the country was still government consumption targets were partially experiencing deep-rooted poverty driven by met. There was increased macroeconomic unemployment and low earnings as well as the to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development stability, the management of public finances jobless nature of economic growth. The main improved significantly, and government objectives of ASGISA were to reduce poverty by expenditures, in general, were kept in check. 2010 and halve unemployment by 2014 through strengthening the implementation of policy Challenges: Private investment, job creation objectives. The following areas were identified and GDP growth indicators were disappointing. as requiring urgent redress. Low levels of economic growth and private

• Lack of skilled, committed staff in the

public service Plan Mapping the National Development • Lack of human resource to implement policies • Inadequate financial resources • Corruption and mismanagement of funds • Lack of people-driven development • Lack of proper coordination between institutions • Barriers to entry, limits to competition • Limited new investment opportunities. 30

Successes: The Department of Public Service policy. The target of the NDP was to create 5 and Administration outlined the success million jobs by 2020; to reduce unemployment factors following the launch of ASGISA. from 24.4% to 15%; and to train 100 000 youths, Fixed investments had grown, and overall of whom 30 000 should be qualified engineers public-sector infrastructure expenditure and 50 000 trained artisans by 2015.9 The NGP had increased in the 2006/07 financial year was the government’s strategy to build an while more infrastructure projects were to be inclusive economy, create decent employment, carried out with committed funds. A significant sustainable livelihoods and eradicate number of jobs had been created, with the poverty and income inequality. The National Gautrain project contributing 58,000 jobs alone. Development Plan: Vision 2030 is a Country The education and skills sectors had benefited vision while the NGP is a Government strategy through funding for indigenous language in pursuit of the Country Vision. material, and teacher training in mathematics and science. Several professions and areas of Successes: The NGP provided for increased improvement were also identified as needing incentives to promote investments for job attention to address skills shortages. creation. This included the creation of a R9 billion Jobs Fund, the allocation of R10 billion Challenges: A key challenge of ASGISA was by the Industrial Development Corporation, that it was too limited in scope and may have and tax breaks of up to R20 billion. However, to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development diverted attention away from real obstacles questions abound regarding the sectoral to higher growth. Issues such as high crime distribution of these funds. rates, high tax rates, and limited access to financial services by small business operators, Challenges: Though the NGP provided these high labour costs, corruption and the costs opportunities, employment growth in the of financing black economic empowerment country remained stubbornly unresponsive were left out of ASGISA. Further, with changes to incentives given, and the country was in political leadership, there was no continuity trapped in the “jobless growth” trap. Poverty and institutional memory in implementing this and inequality levels persisted during the initiative. implementation of the NGP.

The New Growth Path (NGP) 2010 ASGISA was replaced with the New Growth Path, which acknowledged that structural unemployment remained extremely high, Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development oppression of workers continued, inequalities were deeper than ever before, and that poverty continued to affect millions of South Africans.8 The overall focus of the NGP was on job creation, with a secondary focus on the improvement of inequality levels; reduction of poverty; improved coordination; planning; and implementation of economic policies in all three spheres of government. NGP was meant to address these challenges by accelerating growth in the South African economy in ways that would rapidly reduce poverty, unemployment and inequality. To address the persistent challenges identified in the three previous strategies, higher levels of economic growth was seen as a necessary

8 http://www.sahistory.org.za/article/south-africa' s-key-economic-policies-changes-1994-2013 9 Government of South Africa. 2011. Eastern Cape Socio-Economic Consultative Council. 2010: 7 31

The National Development Plan – Vision 2030 In early 2013 the government introduced the National Development Plan (NDP) – Vision 2030 as South Africa’s long-term socio-economic development perspective. This policy was adopted as the cornerstone and blueprint for a future economic and socio-economic development strategy for the country and is viewed as a policy blueprint for eliminating poverty and reducing inequality in South Africa by the year 2030. To address the country’s socio-economic imbalances, which have by now been so well articulated, the NDP reiterates the key constraints to faster growth as identified in the RDP, GEAR, ASGISA and the NGP among other things. It presents a roadmap to a more inclusive economy. Since the NDP has remained the primary foundation on which various options for pursuing solutions to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development to the challenges first identified in the Reconstruction and Development Programme of 1994. The NDP has four broad objectives as a long-term strategic plan.10

• Providing overarching goals for what South Africa would like to achieve by 2030. • Building consensus on the key obstacles to achieving these goals and what needs to be done to overcome those obstacles. • Providing a shared long-term strategic framework within which more detailed planning can take place to advance the long-term goals set out in the NDP. • Creating a basis for making choices about how best to use limited resources. Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development

Following the adoption of the NDP: Vision 2030, implementation instrument for the NDP. Since a framework of translating the aspirations then, the MTSF has been aligned to the national of the vision into actions which would be governing party’s election manifesto, which implemented locally needed to be developed sets out to achieve a radical socio-economic to facilitate the implementation of all key agenda. policy instruments which had been developed hitherto. Thus in 2013, the National Executive decided that the 2014 - 2019 Medium Term Strategic Framework be the first five-year

10 http://www.sanews.gov.za/south-africa/national-development-plan-unpacked 32

The Medium-Term Strategic Framework by the 5-year MTSF. Following the adoption of the NDP, the government has unpacked the implementation The NDP appears to be the framework best of the plan into a five-year strategic framework suited to achieve the objectives initially called the Medium Term Strategic Framework envisaged in 1994 at the dawn of South Africa’s (MTSF), which aligns with the electoral term, the democratic dispensation. Although it lacks a current one covering the period 2014 to 2019. well-defined implementation framework in its The MTSF sets out the actions Government will own right, the MTSF provides for this, though take and targets to be achieved in the reference the need for alignment between the NDP, the timeframe. It also provides a framework for the MTSF the Provincial Growth and Development other plans of national, provincial and local Strategy (PGDS) and the Integrated government. It highlights the Government’s Development Plans (IDP) at the regional level support for a competitive economy, creation of needs to be actively pursued. decent work opportunities and encouragement of investment. The MTSF aims to ensure policy The NDP focuses on the critical capabilities coherence, alignment and coordination and capacities needed to transform the across government plans as well as alignment economy and bring about the desired change. with budgeting processes with a loopback It focuses on the linkages between capabilities, mechanism to the NDP and Vision 2030. opportunities and employment and their to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development effects on social change and improved living conditions.

The NDP reproduced in summary below, promises to eliminate poverty and reduce inequality by 2030 by drawing on the energies of its people, growing an inclusive economy, building capabilities, enhancing the capacity of the state, and promoting leadership and partnerships throughout society. At its core, the NDP intends to do/produce the following:

• A social compact to reduce poverty and inequality and raise employment and investment. Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development • A strategy to address poverty and its impacts by broadening access to employment, strengthening the social wage, improving public transport and raising rural incomes. • Steps by the state to professionalise the public service, strengthen accountability, improve coordination and prosecute corruption. • Boost private investment in labour-inten- sive areas, competitiveness and exports, with adjustments to lower the risk of hiring Working in mutually reinforcing harmony, the younger workers. NDP and the MTSF chart out the developmental trajectory of South Africa until the 2030 NDP timeframe, working within the course charted 33

• An education accountability chain, with energy and water. lines of responsibility from the state to the • Interventions to ensure environmental classroom. sustainability and resilience to future shocks. • Phase in national health insurance, with a • New spatial norms and standards – focus on upgrading public health facilities, densifying cities, improving transport, producing more health professionals and locating jobs where people live, upgrading reducing the relative cost of private health informal settlements and fixing housing care. market gaps. • Public infrastructure investment at 10% of • Reduce crime by strengthening criminal gross domestic product (GDP), financed justice and improving community through tariffs, public-private partnerships, environments. taxes and loans and focused on transport,

EN OPM T EL EV D CohesionSocial Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development F iving g L P sin o O i ards R ve R and ed rt St uc y E tio L n C Y s n G o i r C t i o w d Strong

n t

h o Leadership

C Government

t

n

e O Active m p y p o o Citizenry l r p tu m n E i ti es CohesionSocial Plan Mapping the National Development s abilitie Cap

While the MTSF reflects the commitments and local government to implement to fulfil made in the election manifesto of the the requirements stipulated in the NDP. The governing party, including the commitment current MTSF covers the electoral period 2019 to implement the NDP, it also sets out the to 2024 and, articulates the way commitments actions that Government promises to take made in the 2019 election-winning party’s and which targets are to be achieved. The manifesto will be implemented within the MTSF provides a guiding framework for the framework of the NDP Vision 2030. other plans at the national, sectoral, provincial 34

SOUTH AFRICA – FROM MDGS TO SDGS AND AGENDA 2063 – UNFINISHED BUSINESS?

The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development environmental protection and to benefit all, derives from a protracted consultative process, including women, children, youth and future which involved numerous stakeholders, generations. An integrated approach to governments and regional input into what was sustainable development and collective action then referred to as the post-2015 development is required at all levels to address the challenges agenda. They were adopted by the UN Member of our time, with an overarching imperative States in September 2015 and officially came of “leaving no one behind” in achieving this into effect in January 2016 following the ambitious and universal agenda.13 The Agenda conclusion of the Millennium Development is a plan of action for people, planet and Goals (MDGs). The Agenda strives for a world prosperity. It also seeks to strengthen universal that is just, rights-based, equitable and peace and justice and, seeks to foster tighter

to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development inclusive; it commits stakeholders to work global partnerships. It will stimulate action in together to promote sustained and inclusive these areas in the following manner (the 5-Ps)11. economic growth, social development and

People Planet Prosperity We (the world) are determined We are determined to protect We are determined to ensure to end poverty and hunger, in the planet from degradation, that all human beings can enjoy all their forms and dimensions, including through sustainable prosperous and fulfilling lives and to ensure that all human consumption and production, and that economic, social and beings can fulfil their potential sustainably managing its technological progress occurs in dignity and equality and a natural resources and taking in harmony with nature. healthy environment. urgent action on climate change, so that it can support the needs of the present and future generations. Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development

Peace Partnership We are determined to foster We are determined to peaceful, just and inclusive mobilise the means required societies which are free from to implement this Agenda fear and violence. There can be through a revitalised Global no sustainable development Partnership for Sustainable without peace and no Development, based on a peace without sustainable spirit of strengthened global development. solidarity, focused in particular on the needs of the poorest and most vulnerable and with the participation of all countries, all stakeholders and all people. 35

South Africa: The MDGs, and the 2030 had integrated the MDGs into its MTSF and Agenda for Sustainable Development, other planning and implementation and Agenda 2063 frameworks. It was embarking upon South Africa played a key role in the accelerating efforts in implementing context of several global and continental programmes that would ensure that those processes that unfolded during 2015 which MDGs lagging would be brought up to speed led to the development of the 2030 Agenda via the MDG Acceleration Framework (MAF) for Sustainable Development, as well as process. The MTSF 2009-2014 was a statement continent-wide processes that culminated in of government intent, which identified the conclusion and adoption of the African development challenges facing the country Union Agenda 2063. It will be recalled that in and outlined a medium-term strategy to 2013, the African Union, under the leadership improve the living conditions of South Africans. of the Republic of South Africa, laid down a It outlined ten priority areas, which were aimed vision for the “Africa we want”, including eight at giving life to the objective of meeting the ideals, which were later translated into the development needs of all South Africans. seven aspirations of Agenda 2063.15 At the The MTSF 2009-2014 also coincided with same time, Heads of State and Government Government’s efforts to meet its international of the AU decided to establish a high-level commitments and obligations, especially committee (HLC) comprising ten member through its demonstrated ownership of the to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development states, including South Africa, to develop the MDG agenda. The 2010 MDG Report concludes Common African Position on the post-2015 that the “South African Constitution and its development agenda (CAP)12. Subsequently, development mandate explicitly takes MDGs on the sidelines of the United Nations General into account, and therefore there remains Assembly, in September 2014, the ministers of a greater possibility that despite many a the G77 plus China (G77+China) elected South challenge, South Africa has a plan in place and Africa as a rotating Chair of the group for 2015. a winning chance in the fight against hunger, As Chair of the G77+China, South Africa had disease, ignorance, gender equality and making 14 the challenging task of leading the group in South Africa and the world a better place.” the context of major international negotiations taking place in 2015.

The leadership role played in the context of the abovementioned continental, and global processes underpin South Africa’s vantage position to influence the continental and Plan Mapping the National Development global development agendas, drawing from its National Development Plan (NDP) and the Vision 2030. In turn, as the SDGs and Agenda 2063 were taking shape, the finalisation of South Africa’s National Development Plan and Vision 2030 was being informed by discussions around continental and global development priorities. An analysis of longstanding and emerging development challenges and a review of the MDGs’ unfinished business also contributed to informing South Africa’s NDP (Casazza & Chulu, 2016)13. By 2010, South Africa

12 The CAP was meant to inform the participation of African Member States in the Open Working Group on Sustainable Development Goals (OWG) and the African Group of Negotiators in the intergovernmental negotiations process that followed the OWG's proposal for Sustainable Development Goals 13 Casazza, A. & Chulu, O. 2016. Aligning the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to the NDP: Towards domestication of the SDGs in South Africa. 14 StatsSA: Millennium Development Goals Country Report 2010. http://www.statssa.gov.za/MDG/MDGR_2010.pdf 36

Table 1: NDP Strategic Priorities and Corresponding MDGs.

LINKAGES BETWEEN SOUTH AFRICA’S NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN AND THE MDGs

MTSF STRATEGIC ELEMENTS RELEVANT MDGs

1 Strategic Priority 1: Speeding up growth and transforming the MDG 1, MDG 2, MDG 3, economy to create decent work and sustainable livelihoods MDG 8 2 Strategic Priority 2: Massive programme to build economic and MDG 1, MDG 3, MDG 8 social infrastructure 3 Strategic Priority 3: Comprehensive rural development strategy MDG 1, MDG 2, MDG 7 linked to land and agrarian reform and food security 4 Strategic Priority 4: Strengthen the skills and human resource base MDG 2

5 Strategic Priority 5: Improve the health profile of all South Africans MDG 4, MDG 5, MDG 6

6 Strategic Priority 6: Intensify the fight against crime and corruption MDG 2, MDG 3

to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development 7 Strategic Priority 7: Build cohesive, caring and sustainable MDG 2, MDG 3, MDG 7 communities 8 Strategic Priority 8: Pursuing African advancement and enhanced MDG 8 International cooperation 9 Strategic Priority 9: Sustainable resource management and use MDG 2, MDG 3, MDG 7

10 Strategic Priority 10: Building a developmental state, including MDG 1, MDG 2, MDG 3, improvement of public services and strengthening democratic MDG 8 institutions

Source: StatsSA: South Africa's MDG Country Report (2010:17

Table 1 shows the linkages between the ten The goal of achieving universal primary priorities in the MTSF 2009-2014 and the MDGs. education was reached by South Africa in terms of increased access, headcount enrolment, and Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development South Africa made significant progress in achieving most of the MDGs though progress investment by Government and the private was compromised in a few of them. The sixth sector in education. South Africa achieved and final MDG Report for South Africa (2015) five of its benchmarks but has yet to achieve alludes to the fact that although major progress several indicators related to efficiency in the has been achieved in meeting the MDG use of resources and improving the quality of targets, challenges remain. The global food and education. MDG 3 promulgated the promotion fuel price upsurge experienced before 2009 of gender equality and the empowerment and the associated financial crisis seriously of women. South Africa had seven indicators undermined the country’s ability to deliver on charting progress towards this MDG and MDG 1. South Africa achieved three of the nine achieved five of them including gender parity indicators, marking progress towards reducing at primary, secondary and tertiary education, poverty and hunger. While progress was made female literacy levels for 15-24 year-olds and in eradicating extreme poverty and hunger as the ratio of female to male unemployed aged defined by international poverty lines, income between 15 and 64 years. inequality remains a challenge. 37

The report notes, however, that women share had been made in achieving macroeconomic a disproportionate burden of unemployment. stability and developing a framework to push With regards to child mortality (MDG 4), up private-sector roll out of universal voice progress was made in increasing coverage of all communication coverage. Despite successes essential vaccines in South Africa. Even though in some areas including expansionary fiscal the target of achieving two-thirds reduction measures, South Africa has not been able in mortality rates was not reached, substantial to stimulate the desired levels of economic progress has been made in reducing child growth and has been unable to eliminate the mortality by, for example reducing pneumonia fundamental constraints to inclusive economic the incidence in children under five and development (StatsSA, 2015). reducing the proportion of HIV-exposed infants who tested positive at six weeks of age. Mapping the NDP to the MTSF, SDGs and AU Agenda 2063 Maternal health has remained a challenge for The overarching objectives of South Africa’s South Africa, despite many programmes aimed NDP and vision 2030 are to eradicate poverty, at stemming the maternal mortality ratio reduce unemployment, and considerably (MMR). Although South Africa experienced reduce inequality. Within these broad unprecedented increases in MMR of around 311 objectives, South Africa has committed to per 100,000 in 2009, there has been a significant bring the proportion of people living below to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development and sustained decline recorded in 2010 of the national poverty line of R 419/month from 270 per 100,000 through a strong Prevention 39% to zero, and to reduce income inequality, on Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) in as measured by the Gini Coefficient, from 0.69 respect of HIV, which has spin-offs in MMR. to 0.6 . The SDGs, drawing on the experiences and unfinished business of the MDGs, also By 2013, South Africa had the largest HIV advance the notion of eradicating poverty treatment programme in the world with 2.3 and reducing inequalities within, and among, million South Africans on retroviral treatment countries everywhere. It is therefore critical that and is well on the way to achieving universal national priorities are in congruence with the treatment for HIV/AIDS for those who need global objectives contained in the 2030 Agenda it. The number of malaria cases decreased for Sustainable Development. Similarly, there markedly by 80% between 2000 and 2013, is a need to further elaborate on the linkages and South Africa is one of the few countries between both the NDP and the MTSF outcomes ready for malaria elimination. TB remains the to the two relevant sets of goals and aspirations leading cause of death, yet the proportion of encapsulated in the SDGs and the continental

HIV-TB co-infected patients who are on ART Agenda 2063. Plan Mapping the National Development has increased. It is widely believed that due to the leading Although South Africa is a major emitter of role that South Africa played in the run-up carbon dioxide, efforts are being made to to the adoption of both the 2030 Agenda for transform its energy sector to be less reliant Sustainable Development and the AU Agenda on coal. South Africa has achieved 100% of its 2063, there is close alignment between target of reducing bromodichloromethane its NDP and the two sets of development consumption. It has also achieved its target of goals. The following section presents a more providing sanitation with 76% of the population systematic analysis of the 13 areas covered by having access to an improved sanitation facility. the NDP as they relate to the 169 targets of the 17 SDGs. It also makes the link between the All Goal 8 indicators were domesticated to NDP objectives, the MTSF and the 7 Aspirations, reflect their relevance to the South African 20 Goals and 39 Priority Areas of the AU context and focused on overall macroeconomic Agenda 2063. and socioeconomic performance. Progress 38

Statistics South Africa has over 2018 developed augment and complement the linkages that a mapping of indicators for the NDP, the MTSF, this paper scrutinises at the level of national the SDGs and Agenda 2063. A major objective priority programme implementation and their of this mapping exercise is to identify tier one, linkages to SDG targets. tier two and tier three indicators for use in monitoring and reporting on the SDGs and Being a broad strategic framework, the NDP national programmes including the NDP.20 has strived to rally all South Africans behind a The work being undertaken by Statistics SA set of common objectives to confront poverty on developing a baseline on tier 1 and tier 2 and inequality based on six mutually reinforcing indicators linking the SDGs to the NDP will priorities. to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development

Uniting South1 Africans Citizens2 active in their Faster3 and more around a common own development inclusive economic programme growth Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development 4Building A capable5 and Leadership6 and capabilities developmental state responsibility throughout society

These priorities are the building blocks on focuses on elements that were highlighted in which the plan is anchored. The basic elements the Diagnostic Report and provides actions to of the plan are a result of extensive research, address the identified challenges. The analysis, consultation and engagement, and sets out therefore, only focuses on those areas which to propose firm interventions to address are in the NDP and does not take the entire the challenges that were identified in the government programme as a basis for the Diagnostic Report of June 2011. The NDP is far matching exercise. from being an exhaustive document. Rather, it 39

The objectives of each of the chapters of the contribution to an SDG target or Agenda 2063 NDP listed in Appendix 1 are cross-matched Priority, it is classified as “yellow”. If the NDP to the 169 targets of the SDGs and the 20 objective has weak or no potential impact on Goals and 39 Priorities of the African Union’s an SDG or Agenda 2063 Priority, it is classified Agenda 2063. The mapping closely follows as “red”. the methodology used in conducting Rapid Integrated Assessments (RIA) of National Criteria 2: Magnitude of impact Plans against the SDG targets to provide – this criterion focuses on the target population, a gap analysis of the SDG targets that are especially those who are construed as being not prioritised in a national plan, as well as vulnerable and the least well off as well as those those targets that are prioritised by multiple hard-to-reach populations. If the NDP objective sectors in order to establish the cross-sectoral has a considerable focus on vulnerable groups dimensions of SDG targets and Agenda 2063 (targeting), it is classified as “green”, if the Priorities. The decision on whether or not an objective has a moderate impact on affected NDP objective contributes significantly to an groups, it is classified as “yellow” and if there SDG target/Agenda 2063 Priority was based on are no apparent linkages between the NDP the perceived potential importance of the NDP objective and SDG target or Agenda 2063 objective in contributing towards the realisation Priority populations, the classification is “red”. of the SDG target or Agenda 2063 Priority. As no data currently exists to substantiate perceptions Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development Criteria 3: Speed of impact in this analysis, a further line of work will need – the length of time to realise the NDP to be undertaken to establish actual potential objective’s impact. An NDP objective is “green” contributions of each of the NDP objectives to if the full impact can potentially be realised SDG target indicators as well as the Agenda within an MTSF cycle – five years; “yellow” if the 2063 Priorities and their 256 targets. Three NDP objective will take more than five years to sets of criteria covering three different levels be realised; and “red” if the impact will not be of impact/alignment to SDG targets are used realised before the end of 2030 to classify each of the NDP objectives, which are colour coded. The same was done for the alignment between the NDP and Agenda 2063. As has been mentioned earlier, the mapping The NDP objectives colour coded green have a process used in this analysis followed the RIA direct and potentially large impact on an SDG process closely in order to provide a gap analysis target; yellow colour coded NDP objectives of the SDG targets or Agenda 2063 Priorities not have a moderate impact on an SDG target featured in the national plan. It also provides a bird’s eye view of those SDG targets and while those NDP objectives colour coded red Plan Mapping the National Development indicate that there is little or no impact on an Agenda 2063 Priorities which are addressed SDG target. by multiple NDP sectors. In determining the contribution of the NDP objectives towards the SDG targets and Agenda 2063 Priority areas, Criteria for classifying NDP Objectives against it is important to note that some objectives the SDGs and Agenda 2063 will have a direct impact on a particular SDG target or 2063 Priority, while others will only Criteria 1: Impact of NDP objective on SDG impact the targets/priority indirectly. It is also target/ Agenda 2063 priority important to note that one NDP objective can – this criterion focuses on the potential contribute towards multiple SDG targets or incremental impact ratio of an NDP objective Agenda 2063 Priority. Once the initial mapping on an SDG target. This criterion implies that was done between the SDG targets and if the NDP objective has great potential in the NDP objectives, a further alignment facilitating the attainment of an SDG target or was undertaken with the MTSF and the AU Agenda 263 Priority, it is classified as “green”. Agenda 2063. If the NDP objective has a moderate potential 40

Table 2: Classification Criteria for Assessing the alignment between the NDP and the SDGs and Agenda 2063

CRITERIA AND GREEN YELLOW RED DESCRIPTION Strong potential Moderate Weak or no impact of NDP potential potential objective on impact of NDP impact of NDP SDG target objective on SDG objective on SDG target target Impact of NDP Can potentially Limited to moderate No potential for objective on SDG contribute to a large potential for additional additional impact target - incremental proportion of SDG impact to SDG target impact ratio target by 2030 Magnitude of impact Majority of impact Limited impact on Little or no impact on - Target population focused on vulnerable vulnerable groups and vulnerable groups and including vulnerable groups and least well- least well-off least well-off groups and the least off well-off to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development Speed of impact Full impact realised Partial impact - will Impact will not be - Length of time within the MTSF cycle take more than 5 years realised before 2030 to realise the NDP - 5 years to realise objective’s impact

Alignment between the NDP, SDGs and • Are there any NDP priorities not reflected in Agenda 2063 the SDGs or Agenda 2063? The next stage of the analysis was to provide an • If there are gaps in the NDP, are there overview of the alignment between the SDGs programmes and strategies which are and the objectives of the NDP. The analysis of designed to address these gaps without the extent to which the NDP objectives align necessarily being explicitly mentioned in with the SDG targets is important in that it the NDP? brings to the fore several pertinent questions considering South Africa’s commitment to the Since the NDP provides a comprehensive response to the challenges identified in the

Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the SDGs; the African Union Agenda 2063, Diagnostic Report, it is important to establish and most importantly, its commitment to whether the mismatch between the NDP improving the livelihoods of all South Africans. objectives and the SDG targets and Agenda 2063 The alignment exercise seeks to answer the priorities happened because the Diagnostic following: Report did not consider some aspect which now appears in the SDGs or Agenda 2063 as • How does the NDP, the SDGs and Agenda important or relevant to the challenges of the 2063 converge? day. It is also important to ascertain whether an • Are there synergies across sectors and SDG target or Agenda 2063 priority not aligned if so specifically which NDP objectives to any NDP objectives is relevant and important contribute to more than one SDG or agenda to the development of South Africa and 2063 Priority? whether it is being addressed elsewhere using • What are the gaps in the NDP which are some other sectoral or regional development reflected as global priorities in the SDGs or platforms, or whether it was an oversight on continental priorities in Agenda 2063? the part of the developers of the NDP. 41

Figure 3 gives the level of alignment between in the analysis. If desired, the analysis could NDP objectives and SDG targets. For each of further include those NDP objectives which the SDG targets, only those NDP objectives have been assessed to have a moderate impact which have a potentially strong direct impact on the SDG targets. on the SDG target are considered for inclusion

Figure 2: Convergence between the NDP and the SDGs

17% 57% SDG targets fully SDG targets not addressed addressed in NDP to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development

26% SDG targets partially addressed

There is generally a very strong convergence for others to be achieved (enablers). Similarly, between the objectives outlined in the NDP the objectives of the NDP may take the form

and the SDG targets within the confines of of mutual reinforcement (synergies), there may Plan Mapping the National Development the intended objectives of the NDP. It is well be trade-offs, while on occasion, one may find recognised that the Sustainable Development enabling elements in the objectives. What is Goals are all inter-connected, in an intricate important is that each objective in the NDP will system of synergies and mutually reinforcing contribute to multiple SDG targets in either a inter-relations. Likewise, the means to achieve synergistic or enabling manner. these goals are not only equally plentiful but are also intricately interlinked and synergistic in The alignment between the NDP and Agenda nature. However, the interconnection and inte- 2063 is almost perfect at 94.87 per cent when rrelationships of SDGs and their targets are not only NDP objectives with direct impact on so simple as some goals and targets interact with Agenda 2063 are considered. some more strongly than others. In contrast, some targets reinforce each other (synergies). Others may display some externalities with one another (trade-offs). Some may be necessary 42

This is not surprising since all continental to support regional and continental processes Aspirations, their Goals, Priority areas and to respond to, and resolve crises, strengthen targets, were developed at the time when regional integration, significantly increase South Africa was chairing the African Union intra-African trade and champion sustainable Commission, overseeing both the development development and opportunities in Africa16. of Agenda 2063 as well as Africa’s contribution to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development through the Common African Position (CAP) on the post-2015 Development Agenda.

Figure 4 shows the per centage of NDP Objectives which are directly aligned to the Agenda 2063 objectives as well as those which only indirectly impact Agenda 2063 priorities. It should be made clear here that some NDP objectives can affect one or more Agenda 2063 priorities directly while at the same time having only an indirect impact on other Agenda 2063 priorities. The overall direct alignment of the to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development NDP to Agenda 2063 is 94.87 per cent. Only 5.13 per cent of the Agenda 2063 priorities are not directly referred to in the NDP as illustrated in Figure 5. These are found in Aspiration 5, Goal 16 consisting of Values and ideas of Pan Africanism, and Cultural Values and African Renaissance.

The ideal of Pan-Africanism is an old one in South Africa and was especially espoused by political figures such as Robert Sobukwe. Although not explicit in the NDP, Pan-African ideals form the bedrock of South Africa’s foreign policy. Chapter 7 of the NDP suggests that in order to pursue and implement an

Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development effective foreign policy, South Africa should elevate Africa as a top priority and strengthen multilateral cooperation arrangements with Africa focussing on increased share of trade In Figure 5 below, we assess which of the with the rest of the continent. The Department Agenda 2063 priorities have the greatest of International Relations and Cooperation alignment with the NDPs. This is done by simply (DIRCO) has stated that South Africa’s destiny taking the frequencies of NDP Objectives is inextricably linked to that of the Southern contributing to a particular Agenda 2063 African region. South Africa has been a leading Priority, both directly and indirectly. proponent of the African Continental Free Trade Agreement. DIRCO’s strategic plan states that Africa is at the centre of South Africa’s foreign policy, and that South Africa must continue

16 Republic of South Africa, Department of International Relations and Cooperation, Strategic Plan 2015 – 2020 http://www.dirco.gov.za/department/ strategic_plan_2015_2020_revised2/strategic_plan2015_2020_revised2.pdf, accessed 20 May 2020. 43

Figure 3: Proportion of Agenda 2063 Priorities addressed by the NDP

Incomes, Jobs and decent work Poverty, Inequality and Hunger Social security and protection including Persons with Disabilities Modern and Livable Habitats and Basic Quality Services Education and STI skills driven revolution Health and Nutrition Sustainable and inclusive economic growth STI driven Manufacturing/ Industrialisation and Value Addition Economic diversification and resilience] Hospitality/ Tourism Agricultural Productivity and Production Marine resources and Energy Ports Operations and Marine Transport Sustainable natural resource management and Biodiversity Sustainable consumption and production patterns Water Security Climate resilience and natural disasters preparedness and Renewable energy Framework and Institutions for a United Africa Financial and Monetary Institutions Communications and Infrastructure Connectivity Democracy and Good Governance

Human Rights, Justice and The Rule of Law Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development

Agenda 2063 Priority Agenda 2063 Institutions and Leadership Participatory Development and Local Governance Maintenance and Preservation of Peace and Security Institutional structure for AU instruments on Peace and Security Fully operational and functional APSA Pillars Values and Ideals of Pan Africanism Cultural Valuees and African Renaissance Cultural Heritage, Creative Arts and Businesses Women and Girls Empowerment Violence & Discrimination against Women and Girls Youth Empowerment and Children Africa’s place in global affairs Partnership African Capital market Fiscal system and Public Sector Revenues Development Assistance

0 10 20 30 40 50

Number of NDP Objectives aligned to 2063 Priority Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development

Number of NDP Objectives Directly impacting aligned to Agenda 2063 Priority Number of NDP Objectives indirectly impacting aligned to Agenda 2063 Priority

Agenda 2063 priorities with the highest than 5) in contributing to SDG targets provides frequencies of NDP objectives directly the highest “multiplier effects” and should, impacting them have a higher alignment with therefore, be given the highest priority (if the NDP than those with smaller frequencies achieving the SDGs is the primary objective or those with a high indirect impact. for South Africa). It follows, therefore, that NDP targets which affect the highest number of Table 3 indicates which NDP objectives affect SDG targets should have the central policy and the highest number of SDG targets, which implementation focus. However, this does not ones have moderate numbers of SDG targets imply that those NDP objectives with limited affected and which have a low contribution to or low “multiplier” effects on SDG targets are SDG targets. Each NDP objective exhibiting a not important to the overall socio-economic moderate to a high level of frequency (greater environment in the country. 44

Many of the “moderate” and “low” contributors multipliers involve redistributive mechanisms perform specific and often critical roles in to be put in place to address the challenges ensuring a holistic approach to national facing the most vulnerable segments of development. South Africa’s population. In addition, much of the interventions aimed at increasing social They respond to specific needs that were infrastructure and social investment are identified in the Diagnostic Report. It is also perceived to produce more than proportionate important to point out that a great number increases in the number of SDG of NDP objectives with the highest SDG

Table 3: Classification of NDP objective by level of contribution towards SDG targets

High SDG Contribution (<10) Medium SDG Contribution Low SDG Contribution (>5) (5-10) The unemployment rate should The proportion of adults The labour force participation fall from 24.9% in June 2012 to working should increase from rate should rise from 54% to 14% by 2020 and to 6% by 2030. 41% to 61%. 65%. to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development This requires an additional 11 The proportion of adults in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) million jobs. Total employment rural areas working should rise should increase by 2.7 times in should rise from 13 million to 24 from 29% to 40%. real terms, requiring average million. annual GDP growth of 5.4% over the period. The proportion of national Intra-regional trade in GDP per capita should increase income earned by the bottom Southern Africa should from about R50 000 per person 40% should rise from about 6% increase from 7% of trade to in 2010 to R110 000 per person today to 10% in 2030. 25% of trade by 2030. in 2030 at constant prices. Ensure that all people have South Africa’s trade with Broaden ownership of assets access to clean, potable water regional neighbours should to historically disadvantaged and that there is enough water increase from 15% of our trade groups. for agriculture and industry, to 30%.

Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development recognising the trade-offs in Competitively priced and The proportion of people with the use of water. widely access to the electricity grid available broadband. should rise to at least 90% by 2030, with non-grid options available for the rest. Absolute reductions in the total The country would need volume of waste disposed to an additional 29 000MW of landfill each year. electricity by 2030. About 10 900MW of existing capacity is to be retired, implying a new build of more than 40 000MW. At least 20 000MW of At least 20 000MW of this renewable energy should be capacity should come from contracted by 2030. renewable sources. 45

High SDG Contribution (<10) Medium SDG Contribution (5-10) Low SDG Contribution (>5)

A set of indicators for natural Maintain a positive trade Reduce water demand in resources, accompanied by the balance for primary and urban areas to 15% below the publication of annual reports processed agricultural business-as-usual scenario by on the health of identified products. 2030. resources to inform policy. Improved disaster Intra-regional trade in The proportion of people preparedness for extreme Southern Africa should who use public transport climate events. increase from 7% of trade to for regular commutes will 25% of trade by 2030. expand significantly. By 2030, public transport will be user- friendly, less environmentally damaging, cheaper and integrated or seamless. Increased investment in new South Africa’s trade with A target for the amount of land agricultural technologies, regional neighbours should and oceans under protection research and the development increase from 15% of our trade (presently about 7.9 million Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development of adaptation strategies for the to 30%. hectares of land, 848 km of protection of rural livelihoods Strong and efficient spatial coastline and 4 172 km2 of the and expansion of commercial planning system, well- ocean are protected). agriculture. integrated across the spheres of government. An additional 643 000 direct Better quality of public Achieve the peak, plateau jobs and 326 000 indirect transport. and decline trajectory for jobs in the agriculture, agro- greenhouse gas emissions, processing and related sectors with the peak being reached by 2030. around 2025. Upgrade all informal Significantly reduce By 2030, an economy-wide settlements on suitable, well- the prevalence of non- carbon price should be located land by 2030. communicable chronic entrenched. Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development diseases. In 2030 people living in South Deploy primary healthcare Zero-emission building Africa feel safe and have no teams to provide care to standards by 2030. fear of crime. They feel safe families and communities. at home, at school and at work, and they enjoy an active Everyone must have access More people are living closer to community life free of fear. to an equal standard of care, their places of work. Women can walk freely in the regardless of their income. street, and the children can play safely outside. Ensure progressively and More jobs in or close to dense, through multiple avenues that urban townships. no one lives below a defined minimum social floor. 46

High SDG Contribution (<10) Medium SDG Contribution Low SDG Contribution (>5) (5-10) The police service is a well- All children should enjoy Increase the average male resourced professional services and benefits aimed at and female life expectancy at institution staffed by highly facilitating access to nutrition, birth to 70 years. Progressively skilled officers who value their health care, education, social improve TB prevention and work, serve the community, care and safety. cure. safeguard lives and property without discrimination, protect the peaceful against violence, and respect the rights of all to equality and justice. A state that is capable of Provide income support to Reduce maternal, infant and playing a developmental and the unemployed through child transformative role. various active labour market mortality. initiatives such as public works programmes, training and skills to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development development, and other labour market-related incentives. A public service immersed in Our vision is a society where Fill posts with skilled, the development agenda but opportunity is not determined committed and competent insulated from undue political by race or birthright; where individuals. interference. citizens accept that they have both rights and responsibilities. Most critically, we seek a united, prosperous, non- racial, non-sexist and democratic South Africa. Staff at all levels have the Reduce injury, accidents and authority, experience, violence by 50% from 2010 competence and support they levels. Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development need to do their jobs.

Relations between national, Address problems such as provincial and local hunger, malnutrition and government are improved micronutrient deficiencies through a more proactive that affect physical growth approach to managing the and cognitive development, intergovernmental system. especially among children. Address the skills deficit in the social welfare sector. 47

High SDG Contribution (<10) Medium SDG Contribution (5-10) Low SDG Contribution (>5)

Clear governance structures All working individuals should and stable leadership enable make adequate provision for state-owned enterprises (SOEs) retirement through mandated to achieve their developmental savings. The state should potential. provide measures to make pensions safe and sustainable. A corruption-free society, a high Social protection systems adherence to ethics throughout must respond to the growth society and a government that of temporary and part-time is accountable to its people contracts, and the increasing importance of self-employment and establish mechanisms to cover the risks associated with such. Create an effective social

welfare system that delivers Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development better results for vulnerable groups, with the state playing a larger role compared to now. Civil society should complement government initiatives.

Figure 6 best summarises the linkages categories: 19% of the SDGs not covered by between the SDGs and the NDP. 74% of SDG the NDP are addressed in other sectoral targets are addressed by NDP objectives, while programmes while 7% do not apply to South the remaining 26% is split into two distinct Africa. Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development 48

Figure 4: The proportion of SDG targets directly addressed by the NDP, and the breakdown of targets not addressed by the NDP 74% 26% SDG targets SDG targets not addressed by addressed in NDP NDP

19% SDG targets not addressed in NDP to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development 7% of which SDG targets are not applicable

In a similar manner to Table 3 above, we to reprioritize the development framework to reclassify the NDP objectives according to respond to Agenda 2063 priorities. It can be the frequency in which their direct impact on seen that the majority of NDP Objectives fall in Agenda 2063 is measured to determine the key the medium contribution category based on entry points in the NDP if South Africa were this simple classification. Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development

Table 4: Classification of NDP objectives by level of contribution towards Agenda 2063 Priorities

High Agenda 2063 Contribution Medium SDG Contribution Low SDG Contribution (>5) (<10) (5-10) The proportion of people with The unemployment rate Gross Domestic Product (GDP) access to the electricity grid should fall from 24.9 per cent should increase by 2.7 times in should rise to at least 90 per in June 2012 to 14 per cent by real terms, requiring average cent by 2030, with non-grid 2020 and to 6 per cent by 2030. annual GDP growth of 5.4 per options available for the rest. This requires an additional 11 cent over the period. million jobs. Total employment should rise from 13 million to 24 million. 49

High Agenda 2063 Contribution Medium SDG Contribution Low SDG Contribution (>5) (<10) (5-10) Ensure that all people have The proportion of adults GDP per capita should increase access to clean, potable water working should increase from from about R50 000 per person and that there is enough water 41 per cent to 61 per cent in 2010 to R110 000 per person for agriculture and industry, in 2030 at constant prices. recognising the trade-offs in the use of water. The proportion of adults in Reduce water demand in rural areas working should urban areas to 15 per cent rise from 29 per cent to 40 per below the business-as-usual cent. scenario by 2030.

Improved disaster The labour force participation Achieve the peak, plateau preparedness for extreme rate should rise from 54 per and decline trajectory for climate events. cent to 65 per cent. greenhouse gas emissions, with the peak being reached around 2025

Increased investment in new The proportion of national More people are living closer to Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development agricultural technologies, income earned by the bottom their places of work. research and the development 40 per cent should rise from of adaptation strategies for the about 6 per cent today to 10 protection of rural livelihoods per cent in 2030. and expansion of commercial agriculture. An additional 643 000 direct Broaden ownership of assets All children should have at least jobs and 326 000 indirect to historically disadvantaged 2 years of pre-school education. jobs in the agriculture, agro- groups. processing and related sectors Exports (as measured in About 90 per cent of learners in by 2030. volume terms) should grow grades 3, 6 and 9 must achieve by 6 per cent a year to 2030 50 per cent or more in the with non-traditional exports annual national assessments in

growing by 10 per cent a year. literacy, math and science. Plan Mapping the National Development The level of gross fixed capital Eradicate infrastructure formation should rise from 17 backlogs and ensure that all per cent to 30 per cent schools meet the minimum standards by 2016. The country would need Expand the college system an additional 29 000MW of with a focus on improving electricity by 2030. About 10 quality. Better quality will build 900MW of existing capacity is confidence in the college to be retired, implying a new sector and attract more build of more than 40 000MW. learners. The recommended participation rate of 25 per cent would accommodate about 1.25 million enrolments. 50

High Agenda 2063 Contribution Medium SDG Contribution Low SDG Contribution (>5) (<10) (5-10) Everyone must have access At least 20 000MW of this Increase the per centage of to an equal standard of care, capacity should come from PhD qualified staff in the regardless of their income. renewable sources. higher education sector from the current 34 per cent to over 75 per cent by 2030.

In 2030 people living in South Intra-regional trade in Produce more than 100 Africa feel safe and have no Southern Africa should doctoral graduates per million fear of crime. They feel safe increase from 7 per cent of per year by 2030. That implies at home, at school and at trade to 25 per cent of trade by an increase from 1420 in 2010 work, and they enjoy an active 2030. to well over 5 000 a year. community life free of fear. Women can walk freely in the street, and the children can play safely outside. The police to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development service is a well-resourced professional institution staffed by highly skilled officers who value their works, serve the community, safeguard lives and property without discrimination, protect the peaceful against violence, and respect the rights of all to equality and justice. A corruption-free society, South Africa’s trade with Increase the average male a high adherence to ethics regional neighbours should and female life expectancy at throughout society and increase from 15 per cent of our birth to 70 years. Progressively a government that is trade to 30 per cent. improve TB prevention and Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development accountable to its people cure.

Our vision is a society where The proportion of people Deploy primary healthcare opportunity is not determined who use public transport teams to provide care to by race or birthright; where for regular commutes will families and communities. citizens accept that they have expand significantly. By 2030, both rights and responsibilities. public transport will be user- Most critically, we seek a friendly, less environmentally united, prosperous, non-racial, damaging, cheaper and non-sexist and democratic integrated or seamless South Africa. 51

High Agenda 2063 Contribution Medium SDG Contribution Low SDG Contribution (>5) (<10) (5-10) Our vision is a society where Durban port capacity should All working individuals should opportunity is not determined increase from 3 million make adequate provision for by race or birthright; where containers a year to 20 million retirement through mandated citizens accept that they have by 2040. savings. The state should both rights and responsibilities. provide measures to make Most critically, we seek a pensions safe and sustainable. united, prosperous, non-racial, Competitively priced and Relations between national, non-sexist and democratic widely available broadband. provincial and local South Africa. government are improved through a more proactive approach to managing the intergovernmental system. A set of indicators for natural resources, accompanied by the publication of annual reports on the health of identified Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development resources to inform policy.

A target for the amount of land and oceans under protection (presently about 7.9 million hectares of land, 848kms of coastline and 4 172 square kilometres of the ocean are protected). By 2030, an economy-wide carbon price should be entrenched.

Zero-emission building Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development standards by 2030.

Absolute reductions in the total volume of waste disposed to landfill each year.

At least 20 000MW of renewable energy should be contracted by 2030.

Maintain a positive trade balance for primary and processed agricultural products. 52

High Agenda 2063 Contribution Medium SDG Contribution Low SDG Contribution (>5) (<10) (5-10) Our vision is a society where Intra-regional trade in opportunity is not determined Southern Africa should by race or birthright; where increase from 7 per cent of citizens accept that they have trade to 25 per cent of trade by both rights and responsibilities. 2030. Most critically, we seek a united, prosperous, non-racial, South Africa’s trade with non-sexist and democratic regional neighbours should South Africa. increase from 15 per cent of our trade to 30 per cent.

Strong and efficient spatial planning system, well integrated across the spheres of government. to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development Better quality of public transport.

More jobs in or close to dense, urban townships.

Make early childhood development a top priority among the measures to improve the quality of education and long- term prospects of future generations. Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development Dedicated resources should be channelled towards ensuring that all children are well cared for from an early age and receive appropriate emotional, cognitive and physical development stimulation.

Between 80 – 90 per cent of learners should complete 12 years of schooling and or vocational education with at least 80 per cent successfully passing the exit exams 53

High Agenda 2063 Contribution Medium SDG Contribution Low SDG Contribution (>5) (<10) (5-10) Our vision is a society where Provide 1 million learning opportunity is not determined opportunities through by race or birthright; where Community Education and citizens accept that they have Training Centres both rights and responsibilities. Improve the throughput rate to Most critically, we seek a 80 per cent by 2030. united, prosperous, non-racial, non-sexist and democratic Produce 30 000 artisans per South Africa. year. Increase enrolment at universities by at least 70 per cent by 2030 so that enrolments increase to about 1.62 million from 950 000 in 2010.

Increase the number of Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development students eligible to study towards math and science- based degrees to 450 000 by 2030. Expand science, technology and innovation outputs by increasing research and development spending by the government and through encouraging industry to do so. Reduce maternal, infant and child mortality.

Significantly reduce Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development the prevalence of non- communicable chronic diseases. Reduce injury, accidents and violence by 50 per cent from 2010 levels.

Deploy primary healthcare teams provide care to families and communities.

Fill posts with skilled, committed and competent individuals. 54

High Agenda 2063 Contribution Medium SDG Contribution (5-10) Low SDG Contribution (>5) (<10) Our vision is a society where Ensure progressively and through opportunity is not determined multiple avenues that no one by race or birthright; where lives below a defined minimum citizens accept that they have social floor. both rights and responsibilities. Most critically, we seek a united, prosperous, non-racial, All children should enjoy services non-sexist and democratic and benefits aimed at facilitating South Africa. access to nutrition, health care, education, social care and safety.

Address problems such as hunger, malnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies that

to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development affect physical growth and cognitive development, especially among children.

Address the skills deficit in the social welfare sector. Provide income support to the unemployed through various active labour market initiatives such as public works programmes, training and skills development, and other labour market-related incentives. Social protection systems must respond to the growth Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development of temporary and part-time contracts, and the increasing importance of self-employment and establish mechanisms to cover the risks associated with such.

Create an effective social welfare system that delivers better results for vulnerable groups, with the state playing a larger role compared to now. Civil society should complement government initiatives. 55

NDP CHAPTER 3: ECONOMY AND EMPLOYMENT

Objectives Actions The key objectives of this NDP chapter are as The actions that are outlined to achieve these follows: objectives include the following:17 • To grow the economy in an inclusive • Reduce the cost of living for poor manner and reduce unemployment. households and the costs of doing business • To reduce the unemployment rate from through microeconomic reforms. 24.9% in June 2012 to 14% by 2020 and to • Develop proposals for an acceptable 6% by 2030 which requires the creation of minimum standard of living and proposals 11 million additional jobs; to increase total on how to achieve this over time. employment from 13 million to 24 million. • Remove the most pressing constraints • To increase the proportion of adults on growth, investment and job creation, working from 41% to 61%; to increase the including energy generation and proportion of adults in rural areas working distribution, urban planning etc. to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development from 29% to 40%. • Position South Africa to attract offshore • To increase the labour force participation business services, and build on the rate from 54% to 65%. advantage provided by its telecommunica- • To increase Gross Domestic Product (GDP) tions, banking and retail firms operating in by 2.7 times in real terms, requiring average other countries. annual GDP growth of 5.4% over the period; • Increase the benefit to the country of to increase GDP per capita from about our mineral resources by giving clear R50 000 per person in 2010 to R110 000 per certainty over property rights (the right to person in 2030 in constant prices. mine); Increasing rail, water and energy • To increase the proportion of national infrastructure; Structuring a taxation income earned by the bottom 40% from regime that is fair, equitable and predictable about 6% in 2011 to 10% in 2030. and that recognises the non-renewable nature of mineral resources. • To achieve a broadening of ownership of assets to historically disadvantaged groups. • Broaden the expanded public works programme to cover 2 million full-time • To grow export volumes by 6% a year to Plan Mapping the National Development equivalent jobs by 2020. 2030 with non-traditional exports growing by 10% a year. • Offer a tax incentive to employers to reduce the initial cost of hiring young labour market • To increase national savings from 16% of entrants. Facilitate agreement between GDP to 25%. employers and unions on entry-level wages. • To increase the level of gross fixed • Give a subsidy to the placement sector capital formation from 17% to 30%, with to identify, prepare and place matric public-sector fixed investment rising to 10% graduates into jobs. of GDP by 2030. • Business and labour to develop their own • To enable public employment programmes proposals to reduce youth unemployment. to reach 1 million by 2015 and 2 million people by 2030. • Adopt a more open immigration approach to expand the supply of high-level skills. 56

• Adopt an approach to handling NDP objectives with direct links to Goal 1 targets probationary periods that reflects the include Inclusive Rural economy, Economic intention of probation. Infrastructure, Environmental Sustainability • Simplify dismissal procedures for and Building a Capable and Developmental non-performance or misconduct, especially State. Indirect effects on poverty are quite for smaller firms. prevalent in the NDP objectives. • Strengthen dispute resolutions Unlike most typical Rapid Integrated mechanisms in the labour market with a Assessments which track how SDG targets view to reducing tension and violence. are prioritised in national plans and strategies, This chapter exhibits a very high level of this analysis digresses slightly and focuses on convergence across many SDG targets and establishing how NDP objectives contribute Agenda 2063 priorities. The NDP chapters towards the attainment of SDG targets. The covering Economy and Employment, and Economy and Employment chapter of the Social Protection have a huge potential impact NDP and its objectives aligns with Outcome on almost all the targets in Goal 1 apart from 4 of the MTSF, which articulates strategies target 1.a which is about ensuring significant towards improving decent employment mobilisation of resources through, for instance, through inclusive growth. It also aligns with 16 development cooperation – South Africa does SDG targets and AU Agenda 2063 Aspiration

to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development not require any significant resources from 1, which advocates for “A prosperous Africa Official Development Assistance – which is based on inclusive growth and sustainable estimated to be around 0.4% of GDP. Other development”.

Figure 5: Number of SDG targets and Agenda 2063 priorities addressed by the NDP objectives

Reduce unemployment

Increase proportion of working adults

Increase rural working adults

Increase labour force participation

Increase real GDP

Increase income of bottom 40%

NDP Objective Increase income of bottom 40%

Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development Broaders Ownership of assets

Increase volume of exports

Increase GFCF

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

Number of SDG and AU 2063 targets addressed

AU 2063 SDGs

The objective of increasing the incomes of the have significant linkages to many SDG targets. bottom 40% of the population will affect the In Agenda 2063, the NDP objective which highest number of SDG targets if implemented. contributes the most, is the broadening of asset This is followed by the objective of reducing ownership and reducing unemployment. It is the employment rate to 14% by 2020, and to also important to note that all NDO objectives 6% by 2030. Increases in rural working adults, in this chapter address various elements in as well as the overall working adult population, Agenda 2063 in varying magnitudes. 57 Incomes, Jobs Incomes, work and decent and Inequality Hunger and inclusive growth economic diversification and resilience and Democracy Good Governance Human Rights, and The Justice Rule of Law Institutions and Leadership Development and Local Governance Linkages to Agenda 2063 to Linkages Aspirations impactedDirectly priorities 1.1.1 Poverty, 1.1.2 Sustainable 1.4.1 1.4.3 Economic 3.11.1 3.11.2 3.12.1 3.12.2 Participatory to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development By 2030, eradicate extreme poverty for all for poverty extreme eradicate By 2030, as measured currently people everywhere, people living on less than $1.25 a day. half the proportion by at least reduce By 2030, of all ages living and children of men, women to in all its dimensions according in poverty national definitions. social Implement nationally appropriate for and measures systems protection achieve 2030 by and floors, all, including of the poor and the substantial coverage vulnerable. in that all men and women, ensure By 2030, particular have the poor and the vulnerable, as well resources, economic to equal rights and services, basic ownership to as access of property, land and other forms over control new appropriate resources, natural inheritance, and financial services, including technology microfinance. of the poor and build the resilience By 2030, their situations and reduce those in vulnerable climate-related to and vulnerability exposure and other economic, social events extreme and disasters. shocks and environmental SDG Target 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development Productive investment investment Productive crowded is effectively the in through infrastructure build programme. sectors The productive a growing for account and of production share employment. Elimination of unnecessary regulatory price and lower input key for increases and investment fosters growth. economic education and Workers meet increasingly skills needs. economic in imbalances Spatial opportunitieseconomic through addressed are employment expanded the in agriculture, and build programme densification in the metros. MTSF Outcome MTSF 4: Decent Outcome through employment growth inclusive • • • • • The unemployment rate rate The unemployment fromshould fall in 24.9% 2020 by 14% to June 2012 This 2030. by 6% and to an additional requires 11 million jobs. Total should employment fromrise 24 13 million to million. The proportion of adults should increase working from 61%. to 41% The proportion of adults working areas in rural fromshould rise 29% to 40%. The labour force should participation rate fromrise 65%. to 54% NDP Area and Objectives NDP Area AND ECONOMY OBJECTIVES EMPLOYMENT • • • • 58 and Preservation and of Peace Security & Violence Discrimination against and Women Girls Africa’s place in global affairs. African Capital market system Fiscal and Public Sector Revenues Assistance Maintenance Maintenance 4.13.1 6.17.2 7.19.1 Partnership 7.19.2 7.20.1 7.20.2 Development 7.20.3 Directly impactedDirectly priorities Linkages to Agenda to Linkages Aspirations 2063 to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development Create sound policy frameworks sound policy at the national, Create on pro- based levels, and international regional strategies, development poor and gender-sensitive in poverty investment support accelerated to actions.eradication all by access end hunger and ensure By 2030, people, in particular the poor and people in safe, to infants, situations, including vulnerable round. year food all and sufficient nutritious including of malnutrition, end all forms By 2030, agreed the internationally 2025, by achieving, under in children on stunting and wasting targets needs the nutritional of age, and address 5 years and lactating women pregnant girls, of adolescent and older persons. productivity double the agricultural By 2030, in producers, of small-scale food and incomes indigenousparticular peoples, family women, through including and fishers, pastoralists farmers, land, other productive to and equal access secure financial services, and inputs, knowledge, resources addition and and opportunities value for markets employment. non-farm infrastructure, in rural cooperation, international services, and extension research agricultural and plant and livestock development technology agricultural enhance to in order gene banks in countries, in developing capacity productive countries. developed particular least 1.b 2.1 2.2 2.3 enhanced through including investment, 2.a Increase SDG Target Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development Support employment- growth. creating workplace Reduced and improved conflict collaboration government, between business organised labour. and organised Economic opportunities for excluded historically groups and vulnerable and the expanded, are number of sustainable small business and is cooperatives markedly. improved • • • Outcome 4: Decent Outcome through employment growth inclusive MTSF Outcome MTSF Gross Domestic Product Domestic Product Gross 2.7 by should increase (GDP) requiring terms, times in real annual GDP growth average GDP the period. over of 5.4% per capita should increase from about R50 000 per R110 to in 2010 person at in 2030 000 per person prices. constant The proportion of national the by earned income from 40% should rise bottom 10% in to today about 6% 2030. of assets ownership Broaden disadvantaged historically to (as Exports groups. terms) in volume measured to a year 6% by should grow with non- traditional 2030 10% by exports growing national Increase a year. fromsavings of GDP to 16% fixed of gross 25%. The level should rise capital formation from 30%. 17% to • • • ECONOMY AND ECONOMY OBJECTIVES EMPLOYMENT NDP Area and Objectives NDP Area 59 Directly impactedDirectly priorities Linkages to Agenda to Linkages Aspirations 2063 to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development economic resources, as well as access to ownership ownership to as access as well resources, economic of property, land and other forms over and control resources, and natural financial services, inheritance with national laws. in accordance productivity of economic higher levels Achieve upgrading technological diversification, through on high- a focus through including and innovation, sectors. added and labour-intensive value policies that development-oriented Promote job creation, activities,support decent productive and and innovation, creativity entrepreneurship, of micro-, and growth the formalisation encourage including enterprises, small- and medium-sized financial services. to access through employment full and productive achieve By 2030, and men, including all women for work and decent with disabilities, and people and persons young for of equal value. work for equal pay the proportion of substantially reduce By 2020, education or training. not in employment, youth 40% of the population at a of the bottom growth higher than the national average. rate 5.a Undertake reforms to give women equal rights to to equal rights women give to 5.a reforms Undertake 8.2 8.3 8.5 8.6 and sustain income achieve progressively By 2030, 10.1 SDG Target Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development Outcome 4: Decent Outcome through employment growth inclusive MTSF Outcome MTSF ECONOMY AND ECONOMY OBJECTIVES EMPLOYMENT NDP Area and Objectives NDP Area 60

NDP CHAPTER 4 - ECONOMIC INFRASTRUCTURE

Objectives commercial, using shale gas. The objectives of this chapter are as follows: • Develop infrastructure for the import of • To ensure that all people have access to liquefied natural gas, mainly for power clean, potable water and that there is production, over the short to medium term. enough water for agriculture and industry, • There should be a move to less carbon-in- recognising the trade-offs in the use of tensive electricity production through water. procuring at least 20 000MW of renewable • To increase the proportion of people with energy, increased hydro imports from access to the electricity grid to at least 90% the region and increased demand-side by 2030, with non-grid options available for measures, including solar water heating. the rest. • Move Eskom’s system operator, planning, • To provide the country with an additional power procurement, power purchasing 29 000MW of electricity by 2030; about and power contracting functions to to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development 10 900MW of existing capacity is to be the independent system and market retired, implying new build of more than 40 operator and accelerated procurement of 000MW, at least 20 000MW of this capacity independent power producers. should come from renewable sources. • Ring-fence the electricity distribution • To reduce water demand in urban areas to businesses of the 12 largest municipalities, 15% below the business-as-usual scenario resolve maintenance and refurbishment by 2030. backlogs and develop a financing plan, alongside investment in human capital. • To ensure that public transport will be user-friendly, less environmentally • Revise the national electrification plan and damaging, cheaper and integrated or ensure 90% grid access by 2030. seamless by 2030. • Upgrade fuel refineries to ensure they • To increase Durban port capacity from 3 meet new fuel quality standards and insist million containers a year to 20 million by on larger strategic fuel stocks to ensure 2040. the security of supply. Continue to import refined fuels, ensuring that the growing

Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development • To enable a competitively priced and widely deficit in petroleum products is met, and available broadband accessible to all. defer decision on a new refinery to 2017. • Complete phase 2 of the Lesotho Actions Highlands water project by 2020 and timely To achieve these objectives, the following development of several new water schemes actions are to be implemented: to supply urban and industrial centres, new • Domestic security of coal supply for irrigation systems in the Umzimvubu river existing power stations should be ensured, basin and Makhathini Flats, and a national and there should be investment in new water conservation programme to improve heavy-haul rail corridor to the Waterberg water use and efficiency. coalfield. • Create regional water and wastewater • Incorporate a greater share of gas in the utilities, and expand mandates of the energy mix, both through importing existing water boards. liquefied natural gas and if reserves prove 61

• Consolidate and selectively expand This chapter has significant convergence with transport and logistics infrastructure, some targets in SDG 1, 6, 7, 9 and 11. As shown with key focus areas being: upgrading in the table below. It also aligns with Outcome the Durban-Gauteng freight corridor, 6 of the MTSF as well as AU Agenda 2063 including a new port at the old Durban Aspiration 1. The figure below presents the airport site; building the N2 road through frequency of the number of SDG targets and the Eastern Cape; and strengthening public Agenda 2063 priorities addressed by each NDP transport infrastructure and systems, objective under this sub-programme. Access to including the renewal of the commuter clean water has a high convergence with many rail fleet, supported by enhanced links with SDG targets and Agenda 2063 priorities. The road-based services. same goes for increased access to ICT in the • Establish a national, regional and municipal form of good and cheap broadband, increased fibre-optic network to provide the backbone trade in the region and access to electricity. for broadband access; driven by private Many economic infrastructure programmes investment, complemented by public are critical enablers for the other more “socially funds required to meet social objectives, direct” interventions to take place. They may and change the regulatory framework to thus not be directly addressing SDG targets ensure that Internet broadband capacity and Agenda 2063 priorities to the same degree improves, prices fall significantly and as the redistributive objectives. to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development access improves.

Figure 6: Economic Infrastructure objectives addressing SDG targets and Agenda 2063 priorities

ECONOMIC INFRASTRUCTURE

Increase access to electricity

Increase electricity generating capacity

Increase renewable sources

Access to clean water

Reduce urban water demand Plan Mapping the National Development

Increase intra-regional trade

NDP Objective Increase trade with regional neighbours

Public Transport improvement

Durban port improvement

Good and cheap broadband

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

Number of SDGs and AU 2063 targets addressed

AU 2063 SDGs 62 Poverty, Inequality Inequality Poverty, and Hunger and Modern Habitats Liveable and Basic Quality Services and inclusive growth economic and Productivity Production resources Marine and Energy Ports Operations and Marine Transport consumption and production patterns security Water Linkages to Agenda 2063 Agenda to Linkages Aspirations impactedDirectly priorities .1.2 1.1.4 Sustainable 1.4.1 Agricultural 1.5.1 1.6.1 1.6.2 Sustainable 1.7.2 1.7.3 to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development particular the poor and the vulnerable, have particular have the poor and the vulnerable, as well resources, economic to equal rights and services, basic ownership to as access of property, land and other forms over control new appropriate resources, natural inheritance, and financial services, including technology microfinance. and communications particular information of the empowerment promote to technology, women. water drinking and affordable safe to access forall. water-use substantially increase By 2030, and ensure all sectors across efficiency and supply of sustainable withdrawals and scarcity water freshwater address to the number of people substantially reduce fromsuffering scarcity. water water implement integrated By 2030, including management at all levels, resources as transboundary cooperation through appropriate. 1.4 By 2030, ensure that all men and women, in that all men and women, ensure By 2030, 1.4 SDG Target in the use of enabling technology, 5.b Enhance and equitable universal achieve By 2030, 6.1 6.4 6.5 Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development Regulation, funding and approved. investment Reliable generation, and transmission of energy distribution ensured. strategic Maintenance, operational expansion, and capacity efficiency, of our competitiveness logistics and transport infrastructure ensured. and supply Maintenance of our bulk availability ensured. resources water Expansion, access modernisation, of and affordability and our information communication infrastructure ensured. Outcome 6: An efficient,Outcome and competitive economic responsive, infrastructure network • • • • • MTSF Outcome MTSF The proportion of people the to with access should rise grid electricity 2030, 90% by at least to with non-grid options the rest. for available need The country would of an additional 29 000MW About 10 2030. by electricity capacity of existing 900MW implying a be retired, is to than 40 build of more new 000MW. of this 000MW 20 least At from should come capacity sources. renewable that all people Ensure clean, to access have and that potable water for is enough water there and industry, agriculture the trade-offs recognising in the use of water. ECONOMY AND ECONOMY OBJECTIVES EMPLOYMENT • • • • NDP Area and Objectives NDP Area 63 and Infrastructure Connectivity and Democracy Good Governance Human Rights, and The Justice Rule of Law Institutions and Leadership and Preservation and of Peace Security Africa’s in place affairs. global African Capital market and system Fiscal Public Sector Revenues Assistance Linkages to Agenda 2063 Agenda to Linkages Aspirations impactedDirectly priorities Communications 2.10.1 3.11.1 3.11.2 3.12.1 Maintenance 4.13.1 7.19.1 Partnership 7.19.2 7.20.1 7.20.2 Development 7.20.3 to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development By 2030, ensure universal access to affordable, affordable, to access universal ensure By 2030, services. energy and modern reliable of substantially the share increase By 2030, mix. energy in the global energy renewable supplying modern for technology upgrade all in services for and sustainable energy in particular, least countries, developing small island developing countries, developed in countries, developing and landlocked states programmes with their respective accordance of support. infrastructure,resilient regional including infrastructure,and trans-border support to and human well- development economic and equitable on affordable being, with a focus all. for access them sustainable, with make to industries and greater efficiency resource-use increased sound and environmentally adoption of clean with processes, and industrial technologies with action taking in accordance all countries capabilities. their respective 7.1 SDG Target 7.2 infrastructure expand By 2030, and 7.b sustainable and reliable, quality, Develop 9.1 infrastructure upgrade By 2030, 9.4 and retrofit Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development Outcome 6: An efficient,Outcome and competitive economic responsive, infrastructure network MTSF Outcome MTSF Reduce water demand in water Reduce below 15% to areas urban the business-as-usual 2030. by scenario The proportion of people commutes regular for significantly. will expand public transport By 2030, will be user-friendly, less damaging, environmentally or and integrated cheaper seamless. port Durban capacity fromshould increase 3 to a year million containers 2040. million by 20 and priced Competitively broadband. widely available ECONOMY AND ECONOMY OBJECTIVES EMPLOYMENT • • who use public transport • • NDP Area and Objectives NDP Area 64 Linkages to Agenda to Linkages Aspirations 2063 impactedDirectly priorities to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development Support domestic technology development, development, Support domestic technology in developing and innovation research a conducive ensuring by including countries, alia, industrial inter for, environment policy to value addition and diversification commodities. and to information access Significantly increase provide to and strive technology communications in the internet to access and affordable universal 2020. by countries developed least for and sustainable transport systems accessible expanding notably by safety, road all, improving the to public transport, with special attention situations, women, needs of those in vulnerable with disabilities and older persons children, persons. SDG Target 9.b 9.c affordable, safe, to access provide 11.2 By 2030, Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development Outcome 6: An efficient,Outcome and competitive economic responsive, infrastructure network MTSF Outcome MTSF ECONOMY AND ECONOMY OBJECTIVES EMPLOYMENT NDP Area and Objectives NDP Area 65

NDP CHAPTER 5 - ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY AND RESILIENCE

Objectives ensure the conservation and restoration of The objectives of this chapter are as follows: protected areas. • To develop a set of indicators for natural • Establish a carbon price, building standards, resources, accompanied by the publication vehicle emission standards, and municipal of annual reports on the health of identified regulations to achieve scale in stimulating resources to inform policy. renewable energy, waste recycling and in retrofitting buildings. • To set a target for the amount of land and oceans under protection; to achieve the • Put in place carbon-pricing mechanisms, to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development peak, plateau and decline trajectory for supported by a wider suite of mitigation greenhouse gas emissions, with the peak policy instruments to drive energy being reached around 2025. efficiency while all new buildings are to meet the energy-efficiency criteria set out • To entrench by 2030, an economy-wide in South African National Standard 204. carbon price and achieve zero-emission building standards. • Channel public investment into research, new agricultural technologies for • To achieve absolute reductions in the total commercial farming, as well as for the volume of waste disposed to landfill each development of adaptation strategies and year. support services for small-scale and rural • To contract at least 20 000MW of renewable farmers. energy by 2030. • To improve disaster preparedness There is a high degree of convergence between for extreme climate events; and to the objectives of the NDP chapter 5, Outcome achieve increased investment in new 10 of the MTSF and SDG 1, 2, 6, 7, 11, 12, 13, 14 and agricultural technologies, research and Plan Mapping the National Development 15. In addition, the chapter and its attendant the development of adaptation strategies SDGs resonate quite well with Aspiration 1, 2, 3 for the protection of rural livelihoods and 4 and, Aspiration 7 of the AU Agenda 2063 expansion of commercial agriculture

Actions • The actions to address these objectives are as follows: • Establish an independent Climate Change Centre, in partnership with academic and other appropriate institutions. • Support the actions of the government, business and civil society. Put in place a regulatory framework for land use to 66

Figure 7: Environmental sustainability and resilience alignment objectives to SDGs and Agenda 2063

ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY AND RESILIENCE

Well informed policy on natural resources

Protected land and oceans

Greenhouse gas emissions

Carbon price

Zero emission building standards

Reduce waste to land fills NDP Objective Renewable energy contacted

Disaster preparedness

Increased investment in agricultural tecchnologies to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

Number of SDG and AU 2063 targets addressed

AU 2063 SDGs Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development 67 Sustainable and economic inclusive growth and diversification resilience and Productivity Production Resources Marine and Energy resource natural management and biodiversity conservation security Water and resilience disasters natural and preparedness prevention Linkages to Agenda 2063 to Linkages Aspirations impactedDirectly priorities 1.4.1 1.4.3 Economic Hospitality/Tourism 1.4.4 Agricultural 1.5.1 1.6.1 Sustainable 1.7.1 1.7.3 Climate 1.7.4 to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development By 2030, ensure that all men and women, in that all men and women, ensure By 2030, particular have the poor and the vulnerable, as well resources, economic to equal rights and services, basic ownership to as access of property, land and other forms over control new appropriate resources, natural inheritance, and financial services, including technology microfinance. productivity double the agricultural By 2030, in producers, of small-scale food and incomes indigenousparticular peoples, family women, including and fishers, pastoralists farmers, land, other to and equal access secure through and inputs, knowledge, resources productive and opportunities financial services, markets employment. addition and non-farm value for production sustainable food ensure By 2030, agricultural and implement resilient systems and productivity that increase practices that help maintain ecosystems, production, adaptation to for capacity that strengthen drought, weather, extreme change, climate and that flooding and other disasters land and soil quality. improve progressively SDG Target 1.4 2.3 2.4 Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development Ecosystems are sustained, are Ecosystems are resources and natural used efficiently. change climate effective An mitigation and adaptation response. An environmentally sustainable, low-carbon from resulting economy just a well-managed transition. governance Enhanced and capacity. systems Sustainable human Outcome 10: Protect and 10: Protect Outcome our environmentalenhance resources assets and natural • • • • • communities. MTSF Outcome MTSF Table 6: Alignment of NDP Chapter 5 objectives with the MTSF, SDG targets and 2063 Agenda SDG targets with the MTSF, 5 objectives 6: Alignment of NDP Chapter Table A set of indicators A set of indicators resources, natural for the by accompanied publication of annual of reports on the health to resources identified policy. inform the amount for A target under of land and oceans (presently protection million ha of about 7.9 land, 848km of coastline of km and 4 172 square protected). are ocean plateau the peak, Achieve for trajectory and decline gas greenhouse emissions, with the peak around being reached 2025. ECONOMY AND ECONOMY EMPLOYMENT OBJECTIVES • • • NDP Area and Objectives NDP Area 68 Renewable Renewable energy and Financial Monetary Institutions Good Governance Leadership for structure Instruments AU and on Peace Security operational Fully and functional APSA Pillars Africa’s in place affairs. global African Capital market and system Fiscal Public Sector Revenues Assistance Linkages to Agenda 2063 Agenda to Linkages Aspirations impactedDirectly priorities 1.9.1 2.9.1 and Democracy 3.11.1 Institutions and 3.12.1 4.14.1 Institutional 4.15.1 7.19.1 Partnership 7.19.2 7.20.1 7.20.2 Development 7.20.3 to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development By 2020, maintain the genetic diversity of maintain the genetic diversity By 2020, and plants and farmed seeds, cultivated wild animals and their related domesticated soundly managed through species, including at the banks seed and plant and diversified levels, and international national, regional and equitable and fair to access and promote of benefits arising sharing the utilisation from traditional and associated of genetic resources agreed. as internationally knowledge, through including investment, Increase in rural cooperation, international enhanced infrastructure, and research agricultural development services, technology extension in order gene banks and plant and livestock capacity productive agricultural enhance to in particular, least countries, in developing countries. developed reducing by quality water improve By 2030, pollution, eliminating dumping and chemicals of hazardous minimising release halving the proportion of and materials, and substantially wastewater untreated globally. reuse and safe recycling increasing water-related and restore protect By 2020, mountains, forests, including ecosystems, and lakes. aquifers rivers, wetlands, 2.5 SDG Target 2.a 6.3 6.6 Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development Outcome 10: Protect and 10: Protect Outcome our environmentalenhance resources assets and natural MTSF Outcome MTSF By 2030, an economy-wide an economy-wide By 2030, should be price carbon entrenched. building Zero-emission 2030. by standards in reductions Absolute of waste volume the total each landfill disposed to year. of 000MW 20 least At should energy renewable 2030. by be contracted disaster Improved extreme for preparedness events. climate investment Increased agricultural in new research technologies, of and the development for adaptation strategies of rural the protection and expansion livelihoods agriculture. of commercial ECONOMY AND ECONOMY OBJECTIVES EMPLOYMENT • • • • • • NDP Area and Objectives NDP Area 69 Linkages to Agenda 2063 Agenda to Linkages Aspirations impactedDirectly priorities to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development reliable and modern energy services. energy and modern reliable cooperation international enhance By 2030, research energy clean to access facilitate to renewable including and technology, and and advanced efficiency energy energy, and promote technology, fossil-fuel cleaner infrastructure in energy investment and clean technology. energy infrastructure expand By 2030, and upgrade and supplying modern for technology sustainable small countries, developed particular, least with their in accordance countries, developing respective global 2030, through progressively, Improve consumption and in efficiency resource decouple to and endeavour production from growth economic environmental Framework the 10-Year following degradation, on Sustainable Consumption of Programmes countries with developed and Production, the lead. taking SDG Target affordable, to access universal ensure By 2030, 7.a 7.b in countries, all in developing services for energy and landlocked States island developing of support.programmes 8.4 Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development MTSF Outcome MTSF Outcome 10: Protect and 10: Protect Outcome our environmentalenhance resources assets and natural NDP Area and Objectives NDP Area ECONOMY AND ECONOMY OBJECTIVES EMPLOYMENT 70 Linkages to Agenda to Linkages Aspirations 2063 impactedDirectly priorities to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development By 2030, significantly reduce the number of reduce significantly By 2030, and and the number of people affected deaths losses economic the direct substantially decrease domestic product gross the global to relative water-related including disasters, caused by the poor and on protecting with a focus disasters, situations. people in vulnerable per capita the adverse reduce By 2030, impact by of cities, including environmental and air quality to special attention paying management. and othermunicipal waste sound the environmentally achieve By 2020, and all wastes management of chemicals in accordance cycle, their life throughout frameworks, and international with agreed and water to air, release their reduce significantly impacts on minimise their adverse to soil in order and the environment. human health generation waste substantially reduce By 2030, and recycling reduction, prevention, through reuse. SDG Target 11.5 11.6 12.4 12.5 Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development Outcome 10: Protect and 10: Protect Outcome our environmentalenhance resources assets and natural MTSF Outcome MTSF ECONOMY AND ECONOMY OBJECTIVES EMPLOYMENT NDP Area and Objectives NDP Area 71 Linkages to Agenda to Linkages Aspirations 2063 impactedDirectly priorities to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development encourage wasteful consumption by removing removing by consumption wasteful encourage with national in accordance distortions, market restructuring by including circumstances, and phasing out those harmful taxation their reflect to exist, they subsidies, where account fully into impacts, taking environmental conditions of developing the specific needs and and minimising the possible adverse countries in a manner that impacts on their development communities. the poor and the affected protects to capacity and adaptive resilience Strengthen in disasters and natural hazards climate-related all national into measures change climate Integrate and planning. policies, strategies and education, awareness-raising Improve on climate human and institutional capacity mitigation, adaptation, impactchange reduction warning. and early SDG Target fossil-fuel subsidies that inefficient Rationalise 12.c countries. 13.1 13.2 13.3 Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development Outcome 10: Protect and 10: Protect Outcome our environmentalenhance resources assets and natural MTSF Outcome MTSF ECONOMY AND ECONOMY OBJECTIVES EMPLOYMENT NDP Area and Objectives NDP Area 72 Linkages to Agenda to Linkages Aspirations 2063 impactedDirectly priorities to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development effective climate change-related planning and change-related climate effective and countries developed management in least focusing including States, small island developing and local and marginalised youth on women, communities. marine sustainably manage and protect By 2020, significant avoid to ecosystems and coastal strengthening impacts, by including adverse their action for and take their resilience, and healthy achieve to in order restoration oceans. productive the impacts of ocean Minimise and address enhanced through acidification, including at all levels. cooperation scientific with national and international consistent areas, scientific on the and best available based law information. restoration the conservation, ensure By 2020, and inland and sustainable use of terrestrial and their services, freshwater ecosystems mountains wetlands, in particular forests, and drylands, in line with obligations under agreements. international SDG Target for capacity raising for mechanisms 13.b Promote 14.2 14.3 and marine 10% of coastal at least conserve By 2020, 15.1 Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development Outcome 10: Protect and 10: Protect Outcome our environmentalenhance resources assets and natural MTSF Outcome MTSF ECONOMY AND ECONOMY OBJECTIVES EMPLOYMENT NDP Area and Objectives NDP Area 73 Linkages to Agenda to Linkages Aspirations 2063 impactedDirectly priorities to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development By 2020, promote the implementation of promote By 2020, of forests, sustainable management of all types forests degraded restore halt deforestation, and afforestation and substantially increase globally. reforestation desertification,restore combat By 2030, land land affected and soil, including degraded desertification, and floods, and strive drought by world. a land degradation-neutral achieve to of mountain the conservation ensure By 2030, in order their biodiversity, including ecosystems, benefits that provide to their capacity enhance to sustainable development. essential for are the reduce to and significant action urgent Take habitats, halt the loss of of natural degradation the and prevent protect 2020, and, by biodiversity species. of threatened extinction SDG Target 15.2 15.3 15.4 15.5 Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development Outcome 10: Protect and 10: Protect Outcome our environmentalenhance resources assets and natural MTSF Outcome MTSF ECONOMY AND ECONOMY OBJECTIVES EMPLOYMENT NDP Area and Objectives NDP Area 74

NDP CHAPTER 6 - INCLUSIVE RURAL ECONOMY

Objectives and port infrastructure in the region; The objectives in Chapter 6 of the NDP include reducing red tape, corruption and delays at the following: border posts; using financial institutions to partner with businesses wanting to expand • To develop an inclusive rural economy on the continent; strengthening regional through improved infrastructure and cooperation in food and energy markets service delivery, a review of land tenure, and water management, and identifying service to small and micro farmers, a review and promoting practical opportunities of mining industry commitments to social for cooperation based on complementary investment, and tourism investments. national endowments. • To increase investment in irrigation infrastructure in Makhathini Flats and Umzimvubu River Basin as well as to create The implementation modalities for this priority tenure security for communal farmers, area are articulated in Outcome 7 of the MTSF, to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development especially women. which focuses on creating vibrant, equitable, sustainable rural communities contributing • To investigate different forms of financing towards food security for all. There are some and vesting of private property rights linkages with the SDGs which are very broad to land reform beneficiaries that do not and hence are subject to varying interpretations hamper beneficiaries with a high debt similar to AU Agenda 2063. Broadly, this chapter burden. and the SDGs have limited convergence. Whereas the NDP emphasises creating rural Actions jobs in agriculture and agro-processing as These objectives would be achieved through well as ensuring that the terms of trade in the the following actions: primary commodity sector are favourable to rural farmers, the SDG targets related to this • Focus on trade penetration and diplomatic aspect is focused on mostly the group of least presence in fast-growing markets (Asia, developed countries, of which South Africa Brazil and Africa). is not a member. The chapter resonates with • Implement a focused regional integration Agenda 2063 Aspirations 1, 3 and 7. Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development strategy with an emphasis on road, rail

Figure 8: Inclusive rural economy alignment with the SDG targets and Agenda 2063 priorities INCLUSIVE RURAL ECONOMY

Jobs in agriculture and agro-processing

NDP Objective Positive trade balance

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Number of SDG and AU 2063 targets addressed

AU 2063 SDGs 75 Incomes, Jobs Incomes, and decent work and Inequality Hunger and inclusive economic growth Productivity and Production and Good Governance Institutions and Leadership Development and Local Governance Africa’s in place affairs. global African Capital market Linkages to Agenda to Linkages Aspirations 2063 impactedDirectly priorities 1.1.1 Poverty, 1.1.2 Sustainable 1.4.1 Agricultural 1.5.1 Democracy 3.11.1 3.12.1 3.12.2 Participatory 7.19.1 Partnership 7.19.2 7.20.1 to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development By 2030, eradicate extreme poverty for all people for poverty extreme eradicate By 2030, as people living measured currently everywhere, a day. on less than $1.25 half the proportion by at least reduce By 2030, of all ages living in and children of men, women national to in all its dimensions according poverty definitions. all by access end hunger and ensure By 2030, people, in particular the poor and people in safe, to infants, situations, including vulnerable round. year food all and sufficient nutritious including of malnutrition, end all forms By 2030, agreed the internationally 2025, by achieving, in children on stunting and wasting targets the nutritional of age, and address under 5 years and lactating pregnant girls, needs of adolescent and older persons. women to as access as well resources, economic to land and other forms over and control ownership and financial services, inheritance of property, with national in accordance resources, natural laws. 1.1 SDG Target 1.2 2.1 2.2 equal rights women give to 5.a reforms Undertake Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development Improved land Improved and spatial administration integrated planning for areas. in rural development Sustainable land reform agrarian to contributing transformation. security. food Improved Smallholder producers and support development financial, (technical, infrastructure) agrarian for transformation. to access Increased infrastructurequality and functional services, particularly in education, and public healthcare areas. transport in rural of sustainable rural Growth and industries enterprises job in rural – resulting creation. Outcome 10: Protect and 10: Protect Outcome our environmentalenhance resources assets and natural • • • • • • MTSF Outcome MTSF An additional 643 000 An additional 643 jobs and 326 direct jobs in 000 indirect agro- the agriculture, and related processing 2030. by sectors trade Maintain a positive primary and for balance agricultural processed products. ECONOMY AND ECONOMY OBJECTIVES EMPLOYMENT • • NDP Area and Objectives NDP Area 76 Fiscal system system Fiscal and Public Sector Revenues Assistance Linkages to Agenda to Linkages Aspirations 2063 impactedDirectly priorities 7.20.2 Development 7.20.3 to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development By 2030, achieve full and productive employment employment full and productive achieve By 2030, and men, all women for work and decent with people and persons young for including of equal value. work for disabilities, and equal pay the proportion of substantially reduce By 2020, education or training. not in employment, youth SDG Target 8.5 8.6 Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development Outcome 10: Protect and 10: Protect Outcome our environmentalenhance resources assets and natural MTSF Outcome MTSF ECONOMY AND ECONOMY OBJECTIVES EMPLOYMENT NDP Area and Objectives NDP Area 77

NDP CHAPTER 7 - SOUTH AFRICA IN THE REGION AND THE WORLD

As a regional and continental leader in • Focus on trade penetration and diplomatic economic development, infrastructure and presence in fast-growing markets (Asia, trade, South Africa has a critical role to play Brazil and Africa). in Africa’s development. Regional integration • Implement a focused regional integration and regional trade are key elements of this strategy with an emphasis on road, rail endeavour. In order to harness this position, and port infrastructure in the region; the NDP recognises South Africa’s leadership reducing red tape, corruption and delays at responsibility and has prioritised inter-regional border posts; using financial institutions to trade as a key instrument in promoting partner with businesses wanting to expand livelihoods, not only domestically, but also on the continent; strengthening regional across the continent in a “win-win” spirit. cooperation in food and energy markets and water management, and identifying Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development Objectives and promoting practical opportunities In the NDP, the objectives under this priority for cooperation based on complementary include the following: national endowments. • To advocate for intra-regional trade in Southern Africa to increase from 7% of As the table below shows, there is little direct trade to 25% of trade by 2030. alignment between this NDP objective and the SDGs as it is quite specific to the peculiar • To increase South Africa’s trade with aspects of South Africa’s position on the regional neighbours from 15% of our trade African continent as opposed to the global to 30%. SDGs. However, a large number of Agenda 2063 priority areas are addressed by this NDP Actions objective, specifically in Aspiration 1 and 2, The actions to achieve these objectives are as and 3 as well as the Afro-centric aspirations follows: articulated in 6 and 7. Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development

Figure 9: South Africa SOUTH AFRICA IN THE REGION AND THE WORLD in the region and the world - alignment of NDP objectives to SDGs and Intra-regional trade in SADC Agenda 2063

NDP Objective Proportion of Trade with reegional neighbours

0 2 4 6 8 10

Number of SDG and AU 2063 targets addressed

AU 2063 SDGs 78 diversification and diversification resilience and Democracy Good Governance Institutions and Leadership and Development Governance Local Africa’s in place affairs. global African Capital market and system Fiscal Public Sector Revenues Assistance 1.4.3 Economic 3.11.1 3.12.1 3.12.2 Participatory 7.19.1 Partnership 7.19.2 7.20.1 7.20.2 Development 7.20.3 Directly impactedDirectly priorities Linkages to Agenda 2063 to Linkages Aspirations to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development of all forms of agricultural export subsidies and of agricultural of all forms effect, in with equivalent measures all export of the Doha with the mandate accordance Round. Development the proper ensure to measures Adopt and markets functioning commodity of food timely access and facilitate their derivatives on food including information, market to food help limit extreme to in order reserves, volatility. price and South-South North-South, Enhance and international regional triangular science, to on and access cooperation and enhance and innovation technology terms, on mutually agreed sharing knowledge coordination improved through including in particular mechanisms, at among existing a global and through Nations level, the United mechanism. facilitation technology markets, including through the parallel elimination the parallel through including markets, 2.c 17.6 SDG Target Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development SA’s national priorities national priorities SA’s in bilateral advanced agreements. integrated An economically Africa.Southern within cohesion Political AfricaSouthern a ensure to and stable secure peaceful, AfricanSouthern region. and secure A peaceful, stable Africa. A sustainable developed, and economically Africa.integrated An equitable and of Global just System Governance. mutually beneficial Strong cooperation. South-South relations with Beneficial of the formations strategic North. • • • • • • • • Outcome 11: Create a better a better 11: Create Outcome South Africa and contribute Africa a better to and a better world MTSF Outcome MTSF Table 7: Alignment of NDP Chapter 6 objectives to the MTSF, SDGs and Agenda 2063 the MTSF, to 6 objectives Alignment of NDP Chapter 7: Table Intra-regional trade in trade Intra-regional AfricaSouthern should fromincrease 2030. South Africa’s with trade should neighbours regional fromincrease of our 15% 30%. to trade • by of trade 25% to 7% of trade • ECONOMY AND ECONOMY OBJECTIVES EMPLOYMENT NDP Area and Objectives NDP Area 79 Directly impactedDirectly priorities Linkages to Agenda 2063 to Linkages Aspirations to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development Enhance international support for international Enhance and targeted implementing effective to countries in developing capacity-building implement all the support national plans to including Goals, Sustainable Development and South-South North-South, through Trade. cooperation triangular open, non- rules-based, a universal, Promote and equitable multilateral discriminatory Trade under the World system trading the through including Organisation, of negotiations under its Doha conclusion Agenda. Development exports the of Significantly increase in particular with a view countries, developing countries’ developed doubling the least to 2020. exports by of global share timely implementation of duty-freeRealise and quota-free on a lasting access market countries, developed all least for basis Organisation Trade with World consistent that ensuring by decisions, including applicable to rules of origin preferential imports from are countries developed least to and simple, and contribute transparent issues Systemic access market facilitating and institutional coherence. Policy 17.9 17.10 17.11 17.12 SDG Target Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development Outcome 11: Create a better a better 11: Create Outcome South Africa and contribute Africa a better to and a better world MTSF Outcome MTSF ECONOMY AND ECONOMY OBJECTIVES EMPLOYMENT NDP Area and Objectives NDP Area 80

NDP CHAPTER 8 - TRANSFORMING HUMAN SETTLEMENTS

The provision of human settlements has been • Introduce spatial development frameworks a top priority in the NDP and was seen as a key and norms, including improving the element of stability and social cohesion in the balance between location of jobs and Diagnostic Report. This chapter was meant to people. address historical imbalances in the provision • Conduct a comprehensive review of the of decent settlements and improve the quality grant and subsidy regime for housing with of services available to South Africans. a view to ensure diversity in product and finance options that would allow for more Objectives household choice and greater spatial mix and flexibility, and should include a focused Objectives include the following: strategy on the housing gap market, to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development • To achieve strong and efficient spatial involving banks, subsidies and employer planning systems. housing schemes. • To upgrade informal settlements and move • Create a national spatial restructuring fund. people closer to their places of work. • Integrate currently defused funding. • To improve public transport. • Establish a national observatory for spatial • To locate factories and businesses in or data and analysis. close to dense urban townships. • Provide incentives for citizen activity for local planning and development of spatial Actions compacts. The proposed actions include: • Introduce mechanisms that would make • Institute reforms to the current planning land markets work more effectively for system for improved coordination. the poor and support rural and urban livelihoods. • Develop a strategy for densification of cities and resource allocation to promote better located housing and settlements. SDG Target 1.4 and SDG 11 are specifically Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development • Provide substantial investment to ensure aligned to this chapter. AU Agenda 2063 safe, reliable and affordable public Aspiration 1, 3, 6 and 7 also align to this chapter. transport.

Figure 10: Transforming Human Settlements

Spatial planning

Informal settlements upgrade

More people living closer to their places of work

Better quality public transport

More jobs in or close to dense, urban townships NDP Objective

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

Number of SDG and AU 2063 targets addressed

AU 2063 SDGs 81 decent work decent and Modern Habitats Liveable and Basic Quality Services and Health Nutrition Sustainable and economic inclusive growth Human Rights, and The Justice Rule of Law Institutions and Leadership and Development Governance Local and Maintenance of Preservation and Security Peace Linkages to Agenda 2063 to Linkages Aspirations impactedDirectly priorities Jobs and Incomes, 1.1.4 1.3.1 1.4.1 3.11.2 3.12.1 3.12.2 Participatory 4.13.1 to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development particular the poor and the vulnerable, have particular have the poor and the vulnerable, as well resources, economic to equal rights and services, basic ownership to as access of property, land and other forms over control appropriate resources, natural inheritance, technology new safe adequate, all to for access ensure By 2030, housing services and basic and and affordable slums. upgrade affordable, safe, to access provide By 2030, and sustainable transport accessible public transport, expanding with special by the needs of to attention with disabilities and older persons. persons and sustainable inclusive enhance By 2030, participatory, for and capacity urbanisation and sustainable integrated 1.4 By 2030, ensure that all men and women, in that all men and women, ensure By 2030, 1.4 SDG Target and financial services, microfinance. including 11.1 11.2 notably safety, road all, improving for systems children, situations, women, those in vulnerable 11.3 planning and human settlement management in all countries. Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development Adequate housing and Adequate of living quality improved environments. A functionally equitable market. property residential institutional Enhanced of coordination Outcome 8: Sustainable Outcome andhuman settlements of quality improved household life • • • effective for capability information. spatial MTSF Outcome MTSF Table 9: Alignment of NDP Chapter 8 to the MTSF, SDGs and Agenda 2063 the MTSF, 8 to 9: Alignment of NDP Chapter Table Strong and efficient Strong planning system, spatial the across integrated well of government. spheres all informal Upgrade on suitable, settlements 2030. land by well-located to people living closer More of work. their places public quality Better to jobs in or close More townships. dense, urban ECONOMY AND ECONOMY OBJECTIVES EMPLOYMENT • • • • transport. • NDP Area and Objectives NDP Area 82 African Capital market and system Fiscal Public Sector Revenues Assistance Partnership 7.19.2 7.20.1 7.20.2 Development 7.20.3 Linkages to Agenda 2063 Agenda to Linkages Aspirations impactedDirectly priorities to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development accessible, green and public spaces, in particular and public spaces, green accessible, and older persons and children, women for with disabilities. persons adopting and cities and human settlements policies and plans implementing integrated mitigation efficiency, resource inclusion, towards resilience change, climate and adaptation to and implement, in and develop disasters, to Disaster for line with the Sendai Framework risk holistic disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030, management at all levels. SDG Target and inclusive safe, to access universal provide By 2030, the number of substantially increase 11.b By 2020, Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development MTSF Outcome MTSF Outcome 8: Sustainable Outcome andhuman settlements of quality improved household life NDP Area and Objectives NDP Area ECONOMY AND ECONOMY OBJECTIVES EMPLOYMENT 83

NDP CHAPTER 9 - IMPROVING EDUCATION, TRAINING AND INNOVATION

Chapter 9 of the NDP provides a substantially • To produce 30 000 artisans per year. detailed account of the efforts needed to • To increase enrolment at universities by respond to the challenge of quality education at least 70% by 2030 so that enrolments identified in the Diagnostic Report. It calls for increase to about 1.62 million from 950 000 improvements in the provision of education in 2010. services across all levels, starting from prioritising • To increase the number of students eligible early childhood development, including to study towards maths and science-based pre-school education. The NDP proposes a degrees to 450 000 by 2030. number of far-reaching interventions among • To increase the percentage of PhD qualified which the following are key: staff in the higher education sector from the current 34% to over 75% by 2030.

• To produce more than 100 doctoral Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development Objectives graduates per million per year by 2030; • To prioritise early childhood development implying an increase from 1420 in 2010 to among the measures to improve the quality well over 5 000 a year. of education and long-term prospects of • To expand science, technology and future generations. innovation outputs by increasing research • To channel dedicated resources towards and development spending by the ensuring that all children are well cared for government and through encouraging from an early age and receive appropriate industry to do so. emotional, cognitive and physical development stimulation. The successful implementation of the • To ensure all children have at least 2 years Education, Training and Innovation chapter of of preschool education. the NDP will have far-reaching and long-term • To ensure that about 90% of learners in implications for all the other aspirations grades 3, 6 and 9 achieve 50% or more in articulated therein. A good education system is the annual national assessments in literacy,

critical for the success of industry, agriculture, Plan Mapping the National Development math and science. health and also increases productivity, while • To ensure that between 80 – 90% of innovation breeds scientific progress in all learners complete 12 years of schooling spheres of human endeavour. With regards to and/or vocational education with at least the sector’s contribution to the SDGs, education 80% successfully passing the exit exams. has a quite strong vertical and horizontal • To eradicate infrastructure backlogs and alignment, covering many SDG targets. The ensure that all schools meet the minimum figure below shows the extent to which the standards by 2016. NDP objectives align with the SDG targets. • To expand the college system with a focus on improving quality. • To provide 1 million learning opportunities Outcome 1 of the MTSF, quality basic education, through Community Education and provides the implementation framework for Training Centres. this chapter. • To improve the throughput rate to 80% by 2030. 84

Actions The actions at various levels of education provision include: • Introduce nutrition during the first 1000 days as part of ECD. • Increase state funding for universal access. • Develop capacity development initiatives as well as the provision of incentive schemes for well-performing schools and the introduction of professional accreditation for teachers. There is very strong convergence between this NDP chapter and all targets in SDG 4, 5, 8 and 9 while the AU Agenda 2063 Aspiration 1, 3 and Aspiration 6 are reflected strongly. to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development

Figure 11: Improving education, training and innovation alignment to MTSF, SDGs and Agenda 2063

IMPROVING EDUCATION, TRAINING AND INNOVATION

Prioritize Early Child Development

Allocate dedicated resources to ECD

All children to have at least 2 years of pre-school

About 90% in grades 3, 6 and 9 pass ANA in math, science, lit

Betweeen 80-90% complete 12 years of schooling education

Eradicat infrastructural backlogs Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development Expand college system

Provide 1 million learning opportunities throughout to 80%

Produce 30 000 artisans per year NDP Objective

Increase enrolment at universities

Increase math and science degrees

Increase & PhDs

Produce 100 doctoral graduates

Expand science, technology and innovation outputs

0 5 10 15 20 25 Number of SDG and AU 2063 targets addressed

AU 2063 SDGs 85 Incomes, Jobs and Incomes, work decent Inequality Poverty, and Hunger and Modern Habitats Livable and Basic Quality Services and Education driven skills STI revolution driven STI / Manufacturing Industrialization and Value Addition and diversification resilience and Framework a Institutions for AfricaUnited Linkages to Agenda 2063 Agenda to Linkages Aspirations impactedDirectly priorities 1.1.1 1.1.2 1.1.4 1.2.1 1.4.2 1.4.3 Economic 2.8.1 to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development By 2030, ensure that all girls and boys and boys that all girls ensure By 2030, free,complete primary equitable and quality relevant to and secondary education leading outcomes. learning and effective development, childhood early quality to access and pre-primary education so that they care primary education. for ready are all women for equal access ensure By 2030, technical, and quality affordable and men to and tertiary education, including vocational university. the number substantially increase By 2030, relevant and adults who have of youth and vocational technical including skills, jobs and decent employment, for skills, entrepreneurship. in gender disparities eliminate By 2030, all levels to equal access education and ensure the for training of education and vocational with disabilities, persons including vulnerable, in vulnerable indigenous peoples and children situations. and a substantial that all youth ensure By 2030, proportion of adults, both men and numeracy. literacy achieve and women, 4.1 SDG Target have and boys that all girls ensure 4.1 By 2030, 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 with the MTSF, SDG targets and 2063 Agenda SDG targets with the MTSF, Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development Improved quality of quality Improved and learning teaching the development, through supply and effective utilisation of teachers. of the quality Improved and learning teaching of the provision through infrastructure and learning materials. Regular annual national track assessments to in the improvements and of teaching quality (ANA). learning R and Grade Improved the extension planning for of ECD. Outcome 1: Quality basic 1: Quality Outcome education and skills • • • • MTSF Outcome MTSF 9 objectives 10: Alignment of NDP Chapter Table Make early childhood childhood early Make priority a top development among the measures the quality improve to of education and long- of future prospects term Dedicated generations. should be resources towards channelled that all children ensuring from for cared well are age and receive an early emotional, appropriate and physical cognitive stimulation. development at should have All children of pre-school 2 years least IMPROVING EDUCATION, EDUCATION, IMPROVING TRAINING AND INNOVATION • • education. NDP Area and Objectives NDP Area 86 Democracy and Democracy Good Governance Human Rights, and The Justice Rule of Law and Development Governance Local and Girls Women Empowerment and Children Africa’s in place affairs. global African Capital market and system Fiscal Public Sector Revenues Assistance Linkages to Agenda 2063 Agenda to Linkages Aspirations impactedDirectly priorities 3.11.1 3.11.2 3.12.2 Participatory 6.17.1 Engaged6.18 Empowerment Youth 7.19.1 Partnership 7.19.2 7.20.1 7.20.2 Development 7.20.3 to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development By 2030, ensure that all learners acquire the acquire that all learners ensure By 2030, promote needed to and skills knowledge among including, sustainable development, sustainable education for through others, human and sustainable lifestyles, development of a culture promotion gender equality, rights, citizenship global and non-violence, of peace diversity of cultural and appreciation sustainable to contribution and culture’s development. that education facilities Build and upgrade and gender sensitive disability child, are and inclusive non-violent, safe, and provide all. for environments learning effective in the use of enabling technology, Enhance and communications particular information of the empowerment promote to technology, women. productivity of economic higher levels Achieve technological diversification, through through including and innovation, upgrading added and labour- on high-value a focus sectors. intensive 4.7 SDG Target 4.a 5.b 8.2 Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development A credible outcomes- A credible planning and focused system accountability of (building the capacity and intervene to the state support education. quality a strong for Partnerships education system. Outcome 1: Quality basic 1: Quality Outcome education and skills • • MTSF Outcome MTSF About 90% of learners in About 90% of learners 3, 6 and 9 must grades 50% or more achieve in the annual national assessments in literacy, Between math and science. should 80 – 90% of learners of 12 years complete and or vocational schooling 80% education with at least the passing successfully exams. exit infrastructureEradicate and ensure backlogs meet the that all schools by minimum standards 2016. IMPROVING EDUCATION, EDUCATION, IMPROVING TRAINING AND INNOVATION • • NDP Area and Objectives NDP Area 87 Linkages to Agenda 2063 Agenda to Linkages Aspirations impacted Directly priorities to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development Enhance scientific research, upgrade the upgrade research, scientific Enhance sectors of industrial capabilities technological in particular developing in all countries, encouraging 2030, by including, countries, the and substantially increasing innovation workers and development number of research per 1 million people and public and private spending. and development research development, Support domestic technology in developing and innovation research a conducive ensuring by including countries, alia, industrial inter for, environment policy to value addition and diversification commodities. to information access Significantly increase to and strive technology and communications the to access and affordable universal provide 2020. by countries developed in least Internet 9.5 SDG Target 9.b 9.c Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development Outcome 1: Quality basic 1: Quality Outcome education and skills MTSF Outcome MTSF Expand the college system system the college Expand on improving with a focus quality Better quality. in will build confidence and sector the college learners. more attract The recommended of 25% participation rate about accommodate would 1.25 million enrolments. 1 million learning Provide opportunities through and Education Community Centres. Training the throughput Improve 2030. 80% by to rate 30 000 artisans Produce per year. at enrolment Increase 70% at least by universities so that enrolments 2030 by about 1.62 to increase million from 950 000 in 2010. IMPROVING EDUCATION, EDUCATION, IMPROVING TRAINING AND INNOVATION • • • • • NDP Area and Objectives NDP Area 88 Linkages to Agenda 2063 Agenda to Linkages Aspirations impactedDirectly priorities to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development SDG Target Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development Outcome 1: Quality basic 1: Quality Outcome education and skills MTSF Outcome MTSF Increase the number of Increase study students eligible to math and science- towards 000 450 to degrees based 2030. by of the per centage Increase PhD qualified staff in the higher education sector from to 34% the current 2030. by 75% over than 100 more Produce per graduates doctoral 2030. by million per year That implies an increase from well to in 2010 1420 5 000 a year. over technology science, Expand outputs by and innovation and research increasing spending development and the government by encouraging through do so. industry to IMPROVING EDUCATION, EDUCATION, IMPROVING TRAINING AND INNOVATION • • • • NDP Area and Objectives NDP Area 89

NDP CHAPTER 10 - HEALTH CARE FOR ALL

Objectives system to ensure that all parts of the system The key objectives include: have the required information to achieve • To increase the average male and female their responsibilities effectively; life expectancy at birth to 70 years by • Put in place a human resource strategy progressively improving TB prevention and with national norms and standards for cure. staffing, linked to a package of care. • To reduce maternal, infant and child • Determine the minimum qualifications for mortality; to significantly reduce the hospital managers. prevalence of non-communicable chronic • Prevent and control epidemic burdens diseases. through deterring and treating HIV/AIDS, • To reduce injury, accidents and violence by new epidemics and alcohol abuse. 50% from 2010 levels. • Improve the allocation of resources and the • To deploy primary health care teams to availability of health personnel in the public sector. provide care to families and communities. Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development • To provide greater access to an equal • Improve the quality of care, operational standard of care, regardless of people’s efficiency, health worker morale and income. leadership and innovation. • To fill posts with skilled, committed and • Accelerate the production of community competent individuals. health specialists in the five main specialist areas (medicine, surgery, including Actions anaesthetics, obstetrics, paediatrics, and psychiatry) and train more nurses. For these objectives to be achieved, the NDP • Recruit, train and deploy 700 000 proposes the following actions: community health workers to implement • Address the social determinants that affect community-based primary health care. health and disease. • There exists a very strong convergence • Prevent and reduce the disease burden. between the objectives actions spelt out • Implement a National Health Insurance under this priority area with the SDG target programme and build human resources in 1.1, 1.2 and 1.4; all the targets under SDG 3

the health sector. Plan Mapping the National Development and SDG 5.6. A healthy population is one • Bring in additional capacity and expertise of the key drivers of Agenda 2063, hence to strengthen the health system at the this chapter resonates to AU Agenda 2063 district level. Aspiration 1, 3, 4 6 and 7 • Implement a national health information

Figure 12: Health Life expectancy increase care for all and its Reduce maternal, infant and child mortality

alignment to the Reduce prevalence on non-communicable SDGs and Agenda Reduce injury, acccidents and violencee 2063 Deploy primary health care teams

NDP Objective Access to care

Fill posts with skilled workers

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 AU 2063 SDGs Number of SDG and AU 2063 targets addressed 90 work Inequality Poverty, and Hunger and Livable Modern Habitats and Basic Services Quality and Nutrition Health and Framework a Institutions for AfricaUnited and Democracy Good Governance The Rule of Law Institutions and Leadership AU for structure Instruments on and Security Peace Linkages to Agenda 2063 to Linkages Aspirations priorities impacted Directly Jobs and decent Incomes, 1.1.2 1.1.4 1.3.1 2.8.1 3.11.1 and Human Rights, Justice 3.12.1 4.14.1 Institutional to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development By 2030, eradicate extreme poverty for all for poverty extreme eradicate By 2030, as measured currently people everywhere, people living a day. on less than $1.25 half the by at least reduce By 2030, of and children proportion of men, women in all its dimensions all ages living in poverty national definitions. to according in particular the poor and the vulnerable, as resources, economic to equal rights have services, basic ownership to as access well of land and other forms over and control resources, natural inheritance, property, and financial technology new appropriate services, microfinance. including maternal the global reduce By 2030, per 100,000 less than 70 to mortality ratio births. live of deaths end preventable By 2030, of age, under 5 years and children newborns neonatal reduce aiming to with all countries as 12 per 1,000 as low at least mortality to at least births mortality to andlive under-5 births. live as 25 per 1,000 as low SDG Target 1.1 1.2 that all men and women, ensure By 2030, 1.4 3.1 3.2 Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development Universal Health Health Universal progressively coverage the through achieved implementation of National Insurance. Health of health quality Improved care. Implement the re- of engineering costs. care health Reduced human resources Improved health. for health Improved management and leadership. facility health Improved planning and infrastructure development. AIDS and TB prevented HIV managed. and successfully MTSF Outcome MTSF Outcome 2: A long andOutcome all South for healthy life Africans • • • Care. Health Primary • • • • • Table 11: Alignment of NDP Chapter 10 objectives with the MTSF, SDG targets and Agenda 2063 SDG targets with the MTSF, 10 objectives 11: Alignment of NDP Chapter Table Increase the average male the average Increase expectancy life and female years. 70 at birth to TB improve Progressively and cure. prevention infant maternal, Reduce mortality. and child reduce Significantly of non- the prevalence chronic communicable diseases. accidents injury, Reduce 50% from by and violence levels. 2010 primary health Deploy to care provide teams care and communities. families access must have Everyone of an equal standard to of their regardless care, income. posts with skilled, Fill and competent committed individuals. NDP Area and Objectives NDP Area HEALTH CARE FOR ALL FOR CARE HEALTH • • • • • • • • 91 Children Africa’s in place affairs. global African Capital market and system Fiscal Public Sector Revenues Assistance Youth Empowerment and Empowerment Youth 7.19.1 7.20.1 7.20.2 Development 7.20.3 Linkages to Agenda 2063 to Linkages Aspirations priorities impacted Directly to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development By 2030, end the epidemics of AIDS, By 2030, 3.3 tropical and neglected malaria tuberculosis, water-borne hepatitis, and combat diseases diseases. and other communicable diseases one-third premature by reduce By 2030, mortality from non-communicable diseases and and treatment prevention through and wellbeing. mental health promote and treatment the prevention Strengthen drug narcotic abuse, including of substance use of alcohol. abuse and harmful deaths the number of global halve By 2020, fromand injuries accidents. traffic road sexual to access universal ensure By 2030, services, care health and reproductive planning, information family for including of and education, and the integration national strategies into health reproductive and programmes. including coverage, health universal Achieve to quality access risk protection, financial services and access essential health-care and affordable quality effective, safe, to all. for essential medicines and vaccines SDG Target 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development mortality reduced. Efficient Health Management Information and developed System improved for implemented decision making. MTSF Outcome MTSF and child infant • Maternal, • Outcome 2: A long andOutcome all South for healthy life Africans NDP Area and Objectives NDP Area HEALTH CARE FOR ALL FOR CARE HEALTH 92 Linkages to Agenda to Linkages Aspirations 2063 impactedDirectly priorities to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development Ensure universal access to sexual and sexual to access universal Ensure rights and reproductive health reproductive with the Programme in accordance as agreed on Conference of Action of the International and the Beijing and Development Population documents Action and the outcome for Platform conferences. of their review SDG Target 5.6 Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development Outcome 2: A long andOutcome all South for healthy life Africans MTSF Outcome MTSF HEALTH CARE FOR ALL FOR CARE HEALTH NDP Area and Objectives NDP Area 93

NDP CHAPTER 11 - SOCIAL PROTECTION

Objectives compared to when the Diagnostic Report Social exclusion was one of the hallmarks of the was launched. pre-1994 political dispensation, which resulted in creating one of the most unequal societies Actions in the world. To address this, a far-reaching, The actions are as follows: broad-based social protection system was a key • Together with social partners such as priority of the NDP. To this end, the objectives CSOs, determine a social floor that can of the social protection programme of the be progressively realised through rising Government include the following: employment, higher earnings and social • To ensure progressively and through grants and other aspects of the social wage. multiple avenues that no one lives below a • There should be an increase in the defined minimum social floor. supply of four categories of social service • To ensure all children enjoy services and professionals to 55 000, to respond to benefits aimed at facilitating access to the demand for appropriate basic social Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development nutrition, health care, education, social care welfare services, i.e. social workers, auxiliary and safety. or assistant social workers, community • To address problems such as hunger, development workers, and child and youth malnutrition and micronutrient care workers. deficiencies that affect physical growth • The main elements of a comprehensive and cognitive development, especially food security and nutrition strategy among children. should be identified while incentives that • To address the skills deficit in the social encourage a culture of individual saving welfare sector. for risks and loss of income due to old age, • To provide support to the unemployed illness, injury or loss of work for workers through various active labour market in both the formal and informal sectors initiatives such as public works programmes, should be created. training and skills development, and other • Explore designs of a mixture of financing labour market-related incentives. and institutional frameworks that Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development • To ensure that all working individuals make enables those in the informal economy to adequate provision for retirement through participate in contributory social insurance mandated savings while the state provides schemes. measures to make pensions safe and sustainable. • To ensure that social protection systems respond to the growth of temporary and part-time contracts, and the increasing importance of self-employment and establish mechanisms to cover the risks associated with such. • To create an effective social welfare system that delivers better results for vulnerable groups, with the state playing a larger role 94

• Mechanisms and incentives to assist the unemployed to access the labour market should be pursued

• There should be an expansion of existing public employment initiatives to create opportunities for the unemployed.

• A consolidated institutional framework that supports coherent policy implementation, integrated social security administration, and effective regulation and oversight of the system should be developed.

This NDP chapter has a strong alignment to SDG 1, SDG 2, SDG 4 and SDG 10 as described in the figure below. Aspiration 1, 4 and 6 are premised on pulling Africans out of extreme poverty through various means. Social protection is one of the main conduits for to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development resources to reach those who lie in extreme poverty.

Figure 13: Social protection - alignment of NDP to SDGs and Agenda 2063

No one below minimum social floor

Children access to basic social services Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development Address hunger, malnutrition

Address skills deficit

Income support to the enemployed

NDP Objective Retirement savings programme

Social protection is progressive

Effective social welfare system

0 2 4 6 8 10

Number of SDG and AU 2063 targets addressed

AU 2063 SDGs 95 decent work decent Inequality Poverty, and Hunger Social security and protection Persons Including with Disabilities and inclusive growth economic and Financial Monetary Institutions and Democracy Good Governance Human Rights, and The Justice Rule of Law Linkages to Agenda 2063 Agenda to Linkages Aspirations impactedDirectly priorities Jobs and Incomes, 1.1.2 1.1.3 Sustainable 1.4.1 2.9.1 3.11.1 3.11.2 to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development By 2030, eradicate extreme poverty for all for poverty extreme eradicate By 2030, as measured currently people everywhere, people living a day. on less than $1.25 half the proportion by at least reduce By 2030, of all ages living and children of men, women to in all its dimensions according in poverty national definitions. social Implement nationally appropriate for and measures systems protection achieve 2030 by and floors, all, including of the poor and the substantial coverage vulnerable. in that all men and women, ensure By 2030, particular have the poor and the vulnerable, as well resources, economic to equal rights and services, basic ownership to as access of property, land and other forms over control new appropriate resources, natural inheritance, and financial services, including technology microfinance. 1.1 SDG Target 1.2 1.3 1.4 Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development Strengthening social Strengthening through delivery welfare reforms; policy legislative, building. capacity and quality Improved Childhood Early to access Services for Development aged 0-4.children community Strengthened interventions. development Deepening social and expanding assistance social security. to access to Optimal systems coordination, strengthen planning, integration, and evaluation monitoring of social protection services. Outcome 13: A Outcome responsive comprehensive, and sustainable social system protection • • • • • MTSF Outcome MTSF Table 10: Alignment of NDP Chapter 11 objectives with the MTSF, SDGs and 2063 Agenda with the MTSF, 11 objectives 10: Alignment of NDP Chapter Table Ensure progressively and progressively Ensure multiple avenues through a below that no one lives defined minimum social floor. should enjoy All children services and benefits access aimed at facilitating care, health nutrition, to and education, social care safety. as such problems Address and malnutrition hunger, deficiencies micronutrient physical that affect and cognitive growth especially development, among children. deficit in the skills Address sector. the social welfare SOCIAL PROTECTION • • • • NDP Area and Objectives NDP Area 96 Institutions and Leadership and Preservation and of Peace Security for structure Instruments AU and on Peace Security and Girls Women Empowerment & Violence Discrimination against Women and Girls Empowerment and Children African Capital market Assistance Linkages to Agenda 2063 Agenda to Linkages Aspirations impactedDirectly priorities 3.12.1 Maintenance 4.13.1 4.14.1 Institutional 6.17.1 6.17.2 Youth 6.18.1 7.20.1 Development 7.20.3 to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development Create sound policy frameworks sound policy at the Create levels, and international national, regional and gender-sensitive on pro-poor based support accelerated to strategies, development actions. eradication in poverty investment all by access end hunger and ensure By 2030, people, in particular the poor and people in safe, to infants, situations, including vulnerable round. year food all and sufficient nutritious of malnutrition, end all forms By 2030, the 2025, by achieving, including on stunting and targets agreed internationally of age, and under 5 years in children wasting needs of adolescent the nutritional address and and older lactating women pregnant girls, persons. and boys that all girls ensure By 2030, free,complete primary equitable and quality relevant to and secondary education, leading outcomes. learning and effective have and boys that all girls ensure By 2030, development, childhood early quality to access and pre-primary education so that they care primary education. for ready are 1.b SDG Target 2.1 2.2 4.1 4.2 Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development Outcome 13: A Outcome responsive comprehensive, and sustainable social system protection MTSF Outcome MTSF Address the skills deficit in the skills Address sector. the social welfare support income to Provide through the unemployed labour active various as such initiatives market programmes, public works and skills training and other development, labour market-related incentives. individuals All working adequate should make retirement for provision mandated through should The state savings. to measures provide and pensions safe make sustainable. SOCIAL PROTECTION • • • NDP Area and Objectives NDP Area 97 Linkages to Agenda 2063 Agenda to Linkages Aspirations impactedDirectly priorities to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development By 2030, substantially increase the number substantially increase By 2030, relevant and adults who have of youth and vocational technical including skills, jobs and decent employment, for skills, entrepreneurship. in gender disparities eliminate By 2030, all levels to equal access education and ensure the for training of education and vocational with disabilities, persons including vulnerable, in vulnerable indigenous peoples and children situations. and a substantial that all youth ensure By 2030, proportion of adults, both men and women, and numeracy. literacy achieve 40% of the of the bottom growth income higher than the national population at a rate average. policies, and progressively social protection equality. greater achieve 4.4 SDG Target 4.5 4.6 and sustain achieve progressively By 2030, 10.1 wage and policies, especially fiscal, Adopt 10.4 Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development Outcome 13: A Outcome responsive comprehensive, and sustainable social system protection MTSF Outcome MTSF Social protection systems systems Social protection the to must respond and of temporary growth part-time and contracts, importance the increasing and of self-employment to establish mechanisms associated the risks cover with such. social an effective Create that system welfare results better delivers groups, vulnerable for a playing with the state to compared role larger should Civil society now. government complement initiatives. SOCIAL PROTECTION • • NDP Area and Objectives NDP Area 98

NDP CHAPTER 12 - BUILDING SAFER COMMUNITIES

Objective and all police personnel should be trained Chapter 12 objectives are as follows: in professional police ethics and practice. • To achieve safer communities by 2030; • Increase community participation in crime people living in South Africa will feel safe prevention and safety initiatives. and have no fear of crime at home, at • The National Rural Safety Strategy Plan school and at work, and enjoy an active must be implemented in high-risk areas community life free of fear. involving all roleplayers and stakeholders. • To enable women to walk freely in the • Compulsory community service must be street and children to play safely outside. extended to all law graduates to enhance • To ensure that the police service is a access to justice and provide work well-resourced professional institution opportunities for graduate lawyers. staffed by highly skilled officers who value their work, serve the community, safeguard

to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development These aspirations will be implemented through lives and property without discrimination, Outcome 3 of the MTSF and are addressed protect the peaceful against violence, and by SDG 3 – Ensure healthy lives and promote respect the rights of all to equality and well-being for all at all ages - targets 3.5, 3.6 justice. and 3.7. There is also strong congruence with SDG target 5.1, 5.2, 10.7 and all targets in SDG Actions 16. The chapter contributes to 18 SDG targets. The actions for these objectives are as follows: Aspiration 4 and 6 of the AU Agenda 2063 are • Safety audits should be done in all directly linked to chapter 12 of the NDP. The communities focusing on crime and safety NDP emphasises that the transformation of the conditions of the most vulnerable in the economy should involve the active participation community, and all schools should have and empowerment of women. Additionally, learner safety plans it proposes a range of measures to achieve gender equality. The plan prioritises the safety • The police force should be demilitarised, and protection of women and children. Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development 99 Modern and Modern Habitats Livable and Basic Quality Services Tourism and Framework a Institutions for AfricaUnited and Democracy Good Governance Human Rights, and The Justice Rule of Law Institutions and Leadership and Development Governance Local and Preservation and of Peace Security Linkages to Agenda 2063 Agenda to Linkages Aspirations impactedDirectly priorities 1.1.4 Hospitality/ 1.4.4 2.8.1 3.11.1 3.11.2 3.12.1 3.12.2 Participatory Maintenance 4.13.1 to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development Strengthen the prevention and treatment and treatment the prevention Strengthen drug narcotic abuse, including of substance use of alcohol. abuse and harmful deaths the number of global halve By 2020, fromand injuries accidents. traffic road and sexual to access universal ensure By 2030, services, for including care health reproductive and education, planning, information family into health of reproductive and the integration and programmes. national strategies against all of discrimination End all forms everywhere. and girls women of people, including and mobility migration the implementation of planned and through policies. managed migration well- and of violence forms all reduce Significantly everywhere. rates death related and all trafficking End abuse, exploitation, of against and torture of violence forms children. at the national and the rule of law Promote to equal access and ensure levels international all. for justice SDG Target 3.5 3.6 3.7 5.1 and responsible regular safe, orderly, Facilitate 10.7 16.1 16.2 16.3 Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development Reduced levels of contact of contact levels Reduced crime. An efficient and effective system. justice criminal South Africa’s borders defended, effectively and secured, protected, well-managed. cyberspace. Secure domestic stability. Ensure in of all persons Identity South in the public Corruption sectors and private reduced. MTSF Outcome MTSF Outcome 3: All people in Outcome South Africa safe and feel are • • • • • • Africa and secured. known • Table 11: Alignment of NDP Chapter 12 objectives with the MTSF, SDGs and 2063 Agenda with the MTSF, 12 objectives 11: Alignment of NDP Chapter Table In 2030 people living in In 2030 South Africa and safe feel They of crime. no fear have at home, at school safe feel enjoy and they and at work, life community an active free of fear. freely can walk in Women andthe the street, children outside. safely can play service is a well- The police professional resourced by institution staffed who officers highly skilled the serve their work, value safeguard community, without and property lives the protect discrimination, against violence, peaceful of all the rights and respect and justice. equality to NDP Area and Objectives NDP Area BUILDING SAFER COMMUNITIES • • • 100 structure for for structure Instruments AU and on Peace Security operational Fully and functional APSA Pillars and Girls Women Empowerment & Violence Discrimination against Women and Girls Empowerment and Children Africa’s in place affairs. global African Capital market and system Fiscal Public Sector Revenues Assistance Linkages to Agenda 2063 Agenda to Linkages Aspirations impactedDirectly priorities 4.14.1 Institutional 4.15.1 6.17.1 6.17.2 Youth 6.18.1 7.19.1 7.20.1 7.20.2 Development 7.20.3 to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development By 2030, significantly reduce illicit financial reduce significantly By 2030, and recovery the strengthen flows, and arms of all forms assets and combat of stolen return crime. organised and bribery in corruption Substantially reduce all their forms. and transparent accountable effective, Develop institutions at all levels. participatory and inclusive, responsive, Ensure at all levels. decision making representative the participation and strengthen Broaden in the institutions of countries of developing governance. global all, including for legal identity provide By 2030, birth registration. and information to public access Ensure fundamental freedoms,protect in accordance with national legislation and international agreements. national institutions, relevant Strengthen cooperation, international through including in particular in at all levels, building capacity for and violence prevent to countries, developing and crime. terrorism combat laws non-discriminatory and enforce Promote sustainable development. and policies for SDG Target 16.4 16.5 16.6 16.7 16.8 16.9 16.10 16.a 16.b Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development Outcome 3: All people in Outcome South Africa safe and feel are MTSF Outcome MTSF BUILDING SAFER COMMUNITIES NDP Area and Objectives NDP Area 101

NDP CHAPTER 13 - BUILDING A CAPABLE AND DEVELOPMENTAL STATE

Objectives • Establish a formal graduate recruitment The objectives of this chapter include the scheme for the public service with provision following: for mentoring, training and reflection. • To create a state that can play a • Formulate long-term skills development developmental and transformative role in strategies for senior managers, technical society. professionals and local government staff. • To nurture a public service immersed in the • Use assessment mechanisms such as development agenda but insulated from exams, group exercises and competency undue political interference. tests to build confidence in recruitment • To ensure that staff at all levels have the systems and use placements and authority, experience, competence and secondments to enable staff to develop an support, they need to do their jobs. experience of working in other spheres of Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development government. • To ensure that relations between national, provincial and local government be • Use differentiation to ensure a better fit improved through a more proactive between the capacity and responsibilities approach to managing the intergovern- of provinces and municipalities. mental system. • Take a more proactive approach to resolving • To ensure that clear governance structures coordination problems and a more and stable leadership enable state-owned long-term approach to building capacity enterprises (SOEs) to achieve their and deliver some local government services developmental potential. on an agency basis, where municipalities or districts lack capacity. • Make the public service and local Actions government careers of choice. The actions include the following: • Create an administrative head of the public • Improve relations between national, provincial and local government. service with responsibility for managing Plan Mapping the National Development the career progression of all staff and • Adopt a less hierarchical approach to put in place a hybrid approach to top coordination so that routine issues can be appointments that stabilise the politi- dealt with on a day-to-day basis between cal-administrative interface and allows for mid-level officials as well as promote the use the reconciliation of administrative and of the cluster system to focus on strategic political priorities. cross-cutting issues and the Presidency • Enhance the role of the Public Service to bring different parties together when Commission to champion and monitor coordination breaks down. This chapter is norms and standards to ensure that only only reflected in SDG 16 which focuses on competent and suitably experienced promoting peaceful and inclusive societies people are appointed to senior positions. for sustainable development, and to provide access to justice for all and build effective, • Amend the Public Service Act to locate accountable and inclusive institutions at responsibility for human-resources all levels and is reflected in Aspiration 1, 3, 4 management with the head of department. and 6 of the AU Agenda 2063. 102

Figure 14: Building a capable and developmental state alignment with SDGs and Agenda 2063

No one below minimum social floor

Children access to basic social services

Address hunger, malnutrition

Address skills deficit

Income support to the enemployed

NDP Objective Retirement savings programme

Social protection is progressive

Effective social welfare system

0 2 4 6 8 10 to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development Number of SDG and AU 2063 targets addressed

AU 2063 SDGs Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development 103 Modern and Modern Habitats Livable and Basic Quality Services and inclusive growth economic and Framework a Institutions for AfricaUnited and Infrastructure Connectivity and Democracy Good Governance Human Rights, and The Justice Rule of Law Human Rights, and The Justice Rule of Law Linkages to Agenda 2063 Agenda to Linkages Aspirations impactedDirectly priorities 1.1.4 Sustainable 1.4.1 2.8.1 Communications 2.10.1 3.11.1 3.11.2 to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development Support positive economic,Support social and positive peri-urban urban, between links environmental national and strengthening by areas and rural planning. development regional at the national and the rule of law Promote to equal access and ensure levels international all. for justice illicit financial reduce significantly By 2030, and recovery the strengthen flows, and arms of all forms assets and combat of stolen return crime. organised and bribery in corruption Substantially reduce all their forms. and transparent accountable effective, Develop institutions at all levels. participatory and inclusive, responsive, Ensure at all levels. decision making representative fundamental freedoms,protect in accordance with national legislation and international agreements. laws non- discriminatory and enforce Promote sustainable development. and policies for 11.a SDG Target 16.3 16.4 16.5 16.6 16.7 and information to public access Ensure 16.10 16.b Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development A stable political- interface. administrative A public service that is a of choice. career and technical Sufficient skills. specialist professional Efficient and effective management and systems. operations that systems Procurement money. for value deliver responsiveness Increased andof public servants citizens. to accountability inter- Improved departmental coordination and institutionalisation of planning. long-term to mechanisms Improved ethical behaviour promote in the public service. Outcome 12: An efficient,Outcome and development- effective public service oriented • • • • • • • • MTSF Outcome MTSF Table 12: Alignment of NDP Chapter 13 objectives to the MTSF, SDGs and Agenda 2063 the MTSF, to 13 objectives 12: Alignment of NDP Chapter Table A state that is capable of that is capable A state a developmental playing role. and transformative A public service immersed in the development agenda but insulated from undue political interference. the have Staff at all levels experience, authority, and support competence do their jobs. need to they national, Relations between and local provincial improved are government a proactive a more through managing the to approach system. intergovernmental governance Clear and stable structures enable state- leadership enterprises owned their achieve to (SOEs) potential. developmental BUILDING A CAPABLE STATE DEVELOPMENTAL • • • • • NDP Area and Objectives NDP Area 104 Development and Development Governance Local for structure Instruments AU and on Peace Security operational Fully and functional APSA Pillars Heritage, Cultural Arts and Creative Businesses Africa’s in place affairs. global African Capital market and system Fiscal Public Sector Revenues Assistance Linkages to Agenda 2063 Agenda to Linkages Aspirations impactedDirectly priorities 3.12.2 Participatory 4.14.1 Institutional 4.15.1 5.16.3 7.19.1 Partnership 7.19.2 7.20.1 7.20.2 Development 7.20.3 to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development SDG Target Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development Outcome 12: An efficient,Outcome and development- effective public service oriented MTSF Outcome MTSF BUILDING A CAPABLE STATE DEVELOPMENTAL NDP Area and Objectives NDP Area 105

NDP CHAPTER 14 - FIGHTING CORRUPTION

Objectives Auditor-General as well as strengthen Fighting corruption was identified as a key measures to ensure the security of whistle- priority in the Diagnostic Report. The NDP’s blowers. objectives in this area are: • Centralise oversight of tenders of long • To create a corruption-free society. duration or above a certain amount and • To create a high adherence to ethics achieve the developmental potential of throughout society. state-owned enterprises. • To have a government that is accountable • Report on corruption in the private sector to its people. and ensure that it is monitored by an agency like the Public Protector.

Actions • Promote restraint-of-trade agreements for senior civil servants and politicians at To achieve these objectives, the actions are as all levels of government and all corrupt follows: Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development officials should be made individually liable • Enhance the capacity of corruption fighting for all losses incurred because of their agencies and make public education part corrupt actions. of the mandate of the anti-corruption agencies. These broad objectives are reflected in SDG • Strengthen and resource the National 16, especially targets 16.5 and 16.6 though all AntiCorruption Forum. targets under SDG 16 do contribute towards the • Expand the scope of whistle-blower objectives stated in the NDP chapter 14. This protection to include disclosure to bodies chapter contributes to 16 SDG targets other than the Public Protector and the Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development 106 and protection and protection Persons Including with Disabilities and Framework a Institutions for AfricaUnited and Democracy Good Governance Human Rights, and The Justice Rule of Law Institutions and Leadership and Development Governance Local and Preservation and of Peace Security Linkages to Agenda 2063 to Linkages Aspirations impactedDirectly priorities Social security Social security 2.8.1 3.11.1 3.11.2 3.12.1 3.12.2 Participatory Maintenance 4.13.1 to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development Promote the rule of law at the national and the rule of law Promote to equal access and ensure levels international all. for justice illicit financial reduce significantly By 2030, and recovery the strengthen flows, and arms of all forms assets and combat of stolen return crime. organised and bribery in corruption Substantially reduce all their forms. and accountable effective, Develop institutions at all levels. transparent participatory and inclusive, responsive, Ensure at all levels. decision making representative fundamental freedoms,protect in accordance with national legislation and international agreements. sustainable development. and policies for SDG Target 16.3 16.4 16.5 16.6 16.7 and information to public access Ensure 16.10 laws non- discriminatory and enforce 16.b Promote Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development A stable political- interface. administrative A public service that is a of choice. career and technical Sufficient skills. specialist professional Efficient and effective management and systems. operations that systems Procurement value-for-money. deliver responsiveness Increased andof public servants citizens. to accountability inter- Improved departmental coordination and institutionalisation of planning. long-term to mechanisms Improved ethical behaviour promote in the public service. MTSF Outcome MTSF Outcome 12: An efficient,Outcome and development- effective public service oriented • • • • • • • • Table 13: Alignment of NDP Chapter 14 objectives to the MTSF, SDGs and Agenda 2063 the MTSF, to 14 objectives 13: Alignment of NDP Chapter Table A corruption-free society, ethics to a high adherence and society throughout that is a government its people. to accountable NDP Area and Objectives NDP Area FIGHTING CORRUPTION • 107 structure for for structure Instruments AU and on Peace Security operational Fully and functional APSA Pillars & Violence Discrimination against Women and Girls Africa’s in place affairs. global African Capital market Directly impactedDirectly priorities 4.14.1 Institutional 4.15.1 6.17.2 7.19.1 Partnership 7.19.2 7.20.1 Linkages to Agenda 2063 to Linkages Aspirations to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development SDG Target Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development Outcome 12: An efficient,Outcome and development- effective public service oriented MTSF Outcome MTSF FIGHTING CORRUPTION NDP Area and Objectives NDP Area 108 Framework and Framework a Institutions for AfricaUnited and Democracy Good Governance Human Rights, and The Justice Rule of Law Institutions and Leadership and Development Governance Local and Preservation and of Peace Security Linkages to Agenda 2063 to Linkages Aspirations impactedDirectly priorities Social security and Social security Including protection with Disabilities Persons 2.8.1 3.11.1 3.11.2 3.12.1 3.12.2 Participatory Maintenance 4.13.1 to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development Promote the rule of law at the national and the rule of law Promote to equal access and ensure levels international all. for justice illicit financial reduce significantly By 2030, and recovery the strengthen flows, and arms of all forms assets and combat of stolen return crime. organised and bribery in corruption Substantially reduce all their forms. and accountable effective, Develop institutions at all levels. transparent participatory and inclusive, responsive, Ensure at all levels. decision making representative fundamental freedoms,protect in accordance with national legislation and international agreements. sustainable development. and policies for SDG Target 16.3 16.4 16.5 16.6 16.7 and information to public access Ensure 16.10 laws non- discriminatory and enforce 16.b Promote Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development A stable political- interface. administrative A public service that is a of choice. career and technical Sufficient skills. specialist professional Efficient and effective management and systems. operations that systems Procurement value-for-money. deliver responsiveness Increased andof public servants citizens. to accountability inter- Improved departmental coordination and institutionalisation of planning. long-term to mechanisms Improved ethical behaviour promote in the public service. MTSF Outcome MTSF Outcome 12: An efficient,Outcome and development- effective public service oriented • • • • • • • • Table 13: Alignment of NDP Chapter 14 objectives to the MTSF, SDGs and Agenda 2063 the MTSF, to 14 objectives 13: Alignment of NDP Chapter Table A corruption-free society, ethics to a high adherence and society throughout that is a government its people. to accountable NDP Area and Objectives NDP Area FIGHTING CORRUPTION • 109 structure for for structure Instruments AU and on Peace Security operational Fully and functional APSA Pillars & Violence Discrimination against Women and Girls Africa’s in place affairs. global African Capital market Directly impactedDirectly priorities 4.14.1 Institutional 4.15.1 6.17.2 7.19.1 Partnership 7.19.2 7.20.1 Linkages to Agenda 2063 to Linkages Aspirations to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development SDG Target Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development Outcome 12: An efficient,Outcome and development- effective public service oriented MTSF Outcome MTSF FIGHTING CORRUPTION NDP Area and Objectives NDP Area 110

NDP CHAPTER 15 – NATION BUILDING AND SOCIAL COHESION

Objective race, ethnicity, origin, religion or economic The NDP states that “Our vision is a society or other status”, and target 10.3 - “Ensure where opportunity is not determined by race or equal opportunity and reduce inequalities birthright; where citizens accept that they have of outcome, including by eliminating both rights and responsibilities. Most critically, discriminatory laws, policies and practices and we seek a united, prosperous, non-racial, promoting appropriate legislation, policies and non-sexist and democratic South Africa”. action in this regard”. It is also in congruence with SDG 16 covering most of the targets. Actions These aspects are covered by Aspiration 3, 4 The actions proposed by the NDP to fulfil this and 6 in AU Agenda 2063. This chapter has a

to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development objective include the following: strong vertical alignment to a small but critical • Implement measures to encourage school number of SDG targets. assemblies to promulgate the Preamble of the Constitution in a language of choice. • Implement simple measures like the bill of responsibilities to be used at schools and prominently displayed in each workplace. • Institute sustained campaigns against racism, sexism, homophobia and xenophobia. • Improve public services and spaces as well as build integrated housing and sports facilities in communities to ensure sharing of common spaces across race and class. • Encourage all South Africans to learn at Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development least one indigenous language, business to encourage and reward employees who do so. • Promote citizen participation in forums such as Integrated Development Plans, Ward Committees, School Governing Boards and Community Policing Forums. • Work towards a social compact for growth, employment and equity

This objective is covered under SDG target 10.2 - which states that “By 2030, empower and promote the social, economic and political inclusion of all, irrespective of age, sex, disability, 111 Framework and Framework a Institutions for AfricaUnited and Democracy Good Governance Human Rights, and The Justice Rule of Law Institutions and Leadership and Preservation and of Peace Security for structure Instruments AU and on Peace Security operational Fully and functional APSA Pillars Linkages to Agenda 2063 Agenda to Linkages Aspirations impactedDirectly priorities Hospitality/Tourism 2.8.1 3.11.1 3.11.2 3.12.1 Maintenance 4.13.1 4.14.1 Institutional 4.15.1 to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development By 2030, empower and promote the social, and promote empower By 2030, of all, and political inclusion economic race, disability, of age, sex, irrespective or other or economic religion origin, ethnicity, status. equal opportunity and reduce Ensure by including inequalities of outcome, policies laws, eliminating discriminatory appropriate and promoting and practices legislation, policies and action in this regard. and of violence forms all reduce Significantly everywhere. rates death related and all trafficking End abuse, exploitation, of against and torture of violence forms children. at the national and the rule of law Promote to equal access and ensure levels international all. for justice and bribery in corruption Substantially reduce all their forms. and transparent accountable effective, Develop institutions at all levels. participatory and inclusive, responsive, Ensure at all levels. decision making representative 10.2 SDG Target 10.3 16.1 16.2 16.3 16.5 16.6 16.7 Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development Fostering constitutional constitutional Fostering values. opportunities,Equal and redress. inclusion social cohesion Promoting through society across interaction increased and class. race across citizenry active Promoting and leadership. Outcome 14: A diverse, Outcome with society socially cohesive national identity a common (Nation Building) • • • • MTSF Outcome MTSF Table 14: Alignment of NDP Chapter 15 to the MTSF, SDGs and Agenda 2063 the MTSF, 15 to 14: Alignment of NDP Chapter Table Our vision is a society Our vision is a society opportunity is not where or race by determined citizens birthright; where both have that they accept and responsibilities. rights seek we Most critically, prosperous, a united, and non-sexist non- racial, South Africa.democratic NATION BUILDING AND NATION SOCIAL COHESION • NDP Area and Objectives NDP Area 112 Cultural Heritage, Heritage, Cultural Arts and Creative Businesses and Girls Women Empowerment & Violence Discrimination against Women and Girls Africa’s in place affairs. global African Capital market and system Fiscal Public Sector Revenues Assistance Linkages to Agenda 2063 Agenda to Linkages Aspirations impactedDirectly priorities 5.15.3 6.17.1 6.17.2 7.19.1 7.20.1 7.20.2 Development 7.20.3 to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development protect fundamental freedoms,protect in accordance with national legislation and international agreements. national institutions, relevant Strengthen cooperation, international through including in particular in at all levels, building capacity for and violence prevent to countries, developing and crime. terrorism combat laws non- discriminatory and enforce Promote sustainable development. and policies for SDG Target and information to public access Ensure 16.10 16.a 16.b Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development Outcome 14: A diverse, Outcome with society socially cohesive national identity a common (Nation Building) MTSF Outcome MTSF NATION BUILDING AND NATION SOCIAL COHESION NDP Area and Objectives NDP Area 113

GAP ANALYSIS

Perhaps the most important section of this with a particular role as African stabiliser and analysis is to conduct a gap analysis of the developer. The NDP focusses on the role of incongruences between the NDP and the trade with Africa and the rest of the world in SDGs, and between the NDP and Agenda 2063. positioning South Africa with respect to the rest Whereas the gap was established to be in the of the world, and not so much in the promotion region of 26% for the SDG targets, 94.87% of of African values and ideals of Pan-Africanism. Aspirations, their Goals and Priorities in Agenda These principles are implicit in many of the 2063 are fully addressed by the NDP. Only 5.17% action points in the NDP but are not explicitly represents a gap between the NDP and Agenda spelt out. The Department for International 2063. Since the NDP was developed to respond Relations and Cooperation (DIRCO) is to the findings of the diagnostic report, there responsible for positioning South Africa in is a strong likelihood that some elements of the region and beyond. In its strategic plan, the SDGs were left out. There are a number of DIRCO recognizes that the NDP is linked to the reasons why there may be gaps between the Southern African Development Community NDP and SDG targets or Agenda 2063 Goals (SADC) development mechanism, the Regional and priority areas: Indicative Strategic Development Plan, and the to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development 1. SDG targets/Agenda 2063 priorities are not continental programme as encapsulated in the a priority for South Africa. African Union Agenda 2063. DIRCO’s strategic 2. SDG targets/Agenda 2063 priorities are a plan and Annual Performance Plan for 2014 priority for South Africa but are being dealt covered the following action steps: with outside the NDP framework. • Strengthen the African Union (AU) 3. NDP Objectives are critical to South Africa Commission. but not reflected in the SDG/Agenda 2063 • Develop agenda 2063 and the post 2015 frameworks. African Common Position. • Implement the AU/New Partnership for Agenda 2063 Development infrastructure programmes Aspiration 5: Africa with a Strong Cultural contained in the Programme for Identity Common Heritage, Values and Ethics. Infrastructure Development in Africa, the This Aspiration has one goal (Goal 16) which Presidential Infrastructure Championing advocates for the pre-eminence of African Initiative and the North- South Corridor.

Cultural Renaissance. The goal has three • Promote regional peace in Africa. Plan Mapping the National Development priority areas as follows: • Support negotiations on the Tripartite 5.16.1 Values and Ideals of Pan Africanism Free Trade and Area and the Southern 5.16.2 Cultural Values and African Renaissance African Customs Union for the purpose of 5.16.3 Cultural Heritage, Creative Arts and advancing regional economic integration. Businesses • Establish the South African Development Partnership Agency which will focus on The NDP acknowledges that South Africa’s African development priorities. development is affected by what happens in the region and the world. It argues that South Africa’s evolving international engagement All these elements point to South Africa’s is based on Pan-Africanism and South-South unique approach to global issues as expressed solidarity (Niewkerk, 2014). The strategic drivers in the philosophy of Ubuntu which recognises of the South African government’s foreign that it is in South Africa’s interest to promote policy are anchored on a Pan-Africanist and and support the positive development of South-South international relations orientation others. 114

The SDGs and Children (VAWC). This programme is The following sections detail the gaps that coordinated by the Department of Social exist between the NDP and the SDGs. It Development and involves an Inter-Ministe- assesses each of the SDG targets that do not rial Committee on Violence against Women have any corresponding objectives in the NDP and Children, which seeks to step up national and provides an analysis of the measures and efforts to stop all forms of abuse of women and strategies that the government of South Africa children. The POA outlines actions designed to is taking to address the SDG targets outside prevent VAWC, to improve the implementation the limitations of the NDP. The following SDG of existing laws and services aimed at victims targets were found not to have any linkages of violence and to provide adequate support with the NDP. services. The proposed interventions and programmes in the POA outline an extensive range of existing and new measures aimed SDG 3.a: Strengthen the implementation of at complementing existing initiatives such as the World Health Organization Framework the Thuthuzela Care Centres, Sexual Offences Convention on Tobacco Control in all countries, Courts and other victim empowerment as appropriate. initiatives19. One such initiative, which is aimed This target is not prioritised in the NDP. However, at improving services to women and children South Africa was one of the first signatories to who experience violence and abuse, is the to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control establishment of the Gender-Based Violence (FCTC), which aims to ban tobacco advertising, Command Centre by the Department of Social to highlight health warning labels on tobacco Development. Further, the South African Law products, to protect the public against Reform Commission has been investigating secondary smoking, to control the illicit tobacco and acting towards phasing out a traditional trade and to promote tobacco taxes. It will practice known as Ukuthwala, which is largely become law once 40 countries have ratified the practised by Nguni groups. It allows room for convention. Current tobacco control measures forced child marriages to older men, especially in South Africa were largely consistent with the in rural areas, leaving girls vulnerable to minimum requirements of the convention. The abduction, rape, violent abuse and premature South African Tobacco Control Amendment marriages. Act was currently being amended to bring it fully in line with the convention. Some of the proposed amendments to the Act include banning the use of terms like light, mild and extra mild on tobacco products, raising the Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development age restriction on tobacco sales from 16 to 18 years and enlarging health warnings to cover at least 50% of tobacco product containers18. This initiative is spearheaded by the Department of Health.

SDG 5.3: Eliminate all harmful practices, such as child, early and forced marriage and female genital mutilation Although this target is not prioritised in the NDP, the South African government has a very comprehensive programme called the South African Integrated Programme of Action (POA) addressing Violence against Women

18 Health Systems Trust, 2017 - http://www.hst.org.za/news/sa-leads-way-anti-tobacco-convention 19 Department of Social Development - http://www.dsd.gov.za/index2.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_view&gid=607&Itemid= 115

SDG 5.5: Ensure women’s full and effective guidance on water and sanitation, including participation and equal opportunities for the following: leadership at all levels of decision making in • White Paper on Water Supply and political, economic and public life Sanitation Policy (DWAF 1994); The NDP is not explicit about this target, though • National Sanitation Policy (DWAF 1996); it is subsumed under chapter 15: Nation Building • White Paper on Basic Household Sanitation and Social Cohesion which emphasises that (DWAF 2001); and transformation of the economy should involve • Strategic Framework for Water Services: the active participation and empowerment Water is Life; Sanitation is Dignity (DWAF of women. Government has also drafted the 2003) Women Empowerment and Gender Equality Bill, which will enforce gender parity in SDG 6.a: By 2030, expand international decision-making structures in both the private cooperation and capacity-building support and public sectors. to developing countries in water and sani- tation-related activities and programmes, SDG 6.2: By 2030, achieve access to adequate including water harvesting, desalination, and equitable sanitation and hygiene for all water efficiency, wastewater treatment, and end open defecation. recycling and reuse technologies Although South Africa has entered into bilateral Paying special attention to the needs of women Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development and girls and those in vulnerable situations. agreements with neighbouring countries such as the Joint Bilateral Commission for The area of equitable sanitation and hygiene Cooperation (JBCC) between South Africa and was not prioritised in the NDP though a lot Lesotho covering, among other areas of mutual of work is being done by various government interest, construction of the Metolong Dam, as well as civil society institutions. A lot of nothing was expressly mentioned in the NDP. legislative measures have been passed since 1994, and include: SDG 7.3: By 2030, double the global rate of • Constitution of the Republic of South Africa improvement in energy efficiency Act 108 of 1996 (Constitution) Although energy is a key priority in the NDP • Water Services Act 108 of 1997 (Water especially as it relates to increased access Services Act) to energy by households, as well as seeking • Housing Act 107 of 1997 (Housing Act) alternative e sources (renewable energy and • National Water Act 36 of 1998 nuclear); the question of improving energy • Local Government: Municipal Structures efficiency and South Africa’s contribution to Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development Act 117 of 1998 (Municipal Structures Act) global energy efficiency was not discussed. • Promotion of Administrative Justice Act 3 of 2000 (PAJA) • Local Government: Municipal Systems Act 32 of 2000 (Municipal Systems Act) • Local Government: Municipal Finance Management Act 56 of 2003. • National Health Act 61 of 2003 • Intergovernmental Relations Framework Act 13 of 2005 (IGR Act) • Division of Revenue Act (DORA) (promulgated annually)

The Department of Water and Sanitation (DWS) has been providing policy frameworks and 116

SDG 8.7: Take immediate and effective amount of the country’s revenue, contributes measures to eradicate forced labour, end about 9% to the country’s GDP and supports modern slavery and human trafficking and around 10% of jobs in the country. The secure the prohibition and elimination of Department of Tourism has established an the worst forms of child labour, including Enterprise Development PMU following recruitment and use of child soldiers, and by the conclusion of the Tourism Enterprise 2025, end child labour in all its forms. Partnership (TEP), while South African Tourism This area is not explicitly mentioned in the (SAT) has developed a model which is bearing NDP, but a lot is being done to combat child positive results in business tourism. Tourism labour. The Child Labour Programme of Action was not one of the areas prioritised in the NDP. (CLPA) remains the key national strategy on the elimination of child labour in the country. SDG 8.10: Strengthen the capacity of domestic The Department of Labour (DoL) has also financial institutions to encourage and expand issued guidelines on child labour. It is a criminal access to banking, insurance and financial offence to employ a child under the age of 15, services for all. South Africa’s financial sector is a except if you have a permit from the DoL to well-developed part of its core economy. It is the employ children in the performing arts while engine which drives economic development, children aged 15 to 18 may not be employed to growth and investment through lending to the do work inappropriate for their age or work that private sector and households. This sector is well to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development places them at risk. catered for, and there appears to have been no need for the sector to be included in the NDP. SDG 8.8: Protect labour rights and promote Under the overall authority of the South African safe and secure working environments for Reserve bank, South Africa boasts of 23 locally all workers, including migrant workers, in controlled banks, 6 foreign-controlled banks, 15 particular women migrants, and those in branches of foreign banks, 2 mutual banks and precarious employment. a number of Development Finance Institutions including the Development Bank of Southern This SDG target is of critical importance to South Africa, Land and Agricultural Development Africa as manifested in the many institutions Bank of South Africa, Post Bank and the that protect the rights of workers such as the Industrial Development Corporation.20 Department of Labour itself, the numerous number of trade unions, The Commission for Conciliation Mediation and Arbitration (CCMA) and the National Economic Development and Labour Council (NEDLAC). Although Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development historically, South Africa has depended on migrant labourers in the mining, hospitality and agricultural sectors, not enough protection has been accorded to these workers, and they are susceptible to lower wages and exploitation. This is an area which needs further intervention. There is no mention of protecting the rights of informal workers, unpaid care and domestic work. This necessitates further consideration.

SDG 8.9: By 2030, devise and implement policies to promote sustainable tourism that creates jobs and promotes local culture and products. The tourism sector accounts for a substantial

20 http://www.expatica.com/za/finance/Listing-of-banking-institutions-in-South-Africa_105795.html 117

SDG 10.5: Improve the regulation and SDG 11.c: Support least developed countries, monitoring of global financial markets including through financial and technical and institutions and strengthen the assistance, in building sustainable and implementation of such regulations resilient buildings utilising local materials. This target is not reflected in the NDP as it was Although South African construction deemed not to be relevant for the needs of the companies often go into the African continent NDP. As South Africa increasingly gets involved to support the construction of resilient in global financial markets, such as the newly buildings using local materials, the initiatives formed BRICS Bank, there will be a need to are not explicitly spelt out in the NDP. The role get more insight into global financial markets of South Africa in the region and the world – regulatory mechanisms. Chapter 7 – is limited only to issues of trade with regional neighbours. A potentially rich area SDG 10.a: Implement the principle of special and of research to determine the extent to which differential treatment for developing countries, South African private operators engage with in particular least developed countries, in other African entities in addressing this SDG is accordance with World Trade Organisation worth exploring, especially in the tourism and agreements retail sectors. South Africa, being one of the most developed countries in Africa, is obliged to observe the SDG 12.1: Implement the 10-year Framework to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development WTO agreements for the treatment of LDCs. of Programmes on Sustainable Consumption There is reference to this in Chapter 7 of the and Production Patterns, all countries taking NDP South Africa in the Region and the World, action, with developed countries taking the though reference to this specific SDG is not lead, taking into account the development explicit. and capabilities of developing countries. This target was not articulated in the NDP SDG 10.c: By 2030, reduce to less than 3% the as it did not feature in the outcomes of transaction costs of migrant remittances and the diagnostic report and the subsequent eliminate remittance corridors with costs development of the NDP. However, this has higher than 5%. become one of the cornerstones of the New South Africa enjoys the services of hundreds of Development Agenda and needs to be followed thousands of migrant labourers in the mining through with the development of some parallel and agricultural sectors, and more recently in initiative to promote sustainable consumption the services sector. However, remitting funds and production. earned locally to their countries of origin requires a significant amount of paperwork Plan Mapping the National Development and cost, which has regularly been tightened by the Reserve Bank of South Africa. “Every single transaction in South Africa that involves a movement of money into or out of the country is regulated by the exchange controls. There are no exceptions – it does not matter what the amount is, or who is involved in the transaction. The South African Reserve Bank (SARB) supervises the system of exchange controls, as well as all capital in and outflows. The SARB delegates some authority to local authorised dealers (usually the large commercial banks) who supervise transactions on their behalf.”21

21 http://www.moneytransfersouthafrica.org/foreign-exchange-regulations/ 118

SDG 12.b: Develop and implement tools to address economic growth, job creation and monitor sustainable development impacts poverty alleviation. for sustainable tourism that creates jobs and promotes local culture and products. SDG 14.7: By 2030, increase the economic Tourism is recognised as a critical sector in benefits to small island developing states South Africa’s development programme. and least developed countries from the The National Tourism Sector Strategy (NTSS) sustainable use of marine resources, provides the framework for the development of including through sustainable management this sector with the aim of transforming tourism of fisheries, aquaculture and tourism. to accommodate more local tourism products and foster inclusive growth. In 2015, a total of Not applicable. 8,903,773 foreign tourists visited South Africa SDG 14.a: Increase scientific knowledge, with over 1,6 million local and international develop research capacity and transfer marine tourists visiting the Kruger National Park in the technology, taking into account the Inter- same year. governmental Oceanographic Commission Criteria and Guidelines on the Transfer of SDG 13.a: Implement the commitment Marine Technology, in order to improve ocean undertaken by developed-country parties to health and to enhance the contribution of the United Nations Framework Convention on

to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development marine biodiversity to the development of Climate Change to a goal of mobilising jointly developing countries, in particular, small $100 billion annually by 2020 from all sources island developing states and least developed to address the needs of developing countries countries. in the context of meaningful mitigation actions and transparency on implementation and fully operationalise the Green Climate Not applicable. Fund through its capitalisation as soon as SDG 14.b: Provide access for small-scale artisanal fishers to marine resources and possible. markets. This target was not relevant to the requirements for developing the NDP in line with the Diagnostic Report. However, South Africa is a Not applicable. leading proponent of addressing the impact SDG 14.c: Enhance the conservation and of climate change and is a signatory to the 21st sustainable use of oceans and their resources Conference of Parties of the United Nations by implementing international law as Framework Convention on Climate Change reflected in the United Nations Convention Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development (CoP 21). South Africa has a National Strategy for on the Law of the Sea, which provides the Sustainable Development, a National Climate legal framework for the conservation and Change Response Policy, Green Economy sustainable use of oceans and their resources, Strategy, and Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) – as recalled in paragraph 158 of “The future we which outlines our country’s energy mix. This want”. is in addition to its Industrial Policy and Action Although South Africa is not an LDC nor a Plan that recognises that energy efficiency small island developing state as specified by and less-carbon intensive production are the SDG target, in the area of sustainable use central tenets of a green economy. A National of marine resources, the country embarked Adaptation Strategy is under development upon “Operation Phakisa” – a “Big Fast Results to guide South Africa’s efforts to plan for and Methodology” through which the Malaysian adapt to the impacts of climate change. South government had achieved significant Africa’s approach balances its contribution as a government and economic transformation responsible global citizen to the international within a very short time as a model to solve effort to curb emissions, with the need to local problems. 119

To this effect, Operation Phakisa was applied threat to this biodiversity and ecosystem to the country’s marine sector, named “Oceans requires coordinated and harmonised Economy”, covering marine transport and approaches at regional, national and global manufacturing, offshore oil and gas exploration, levels. The Department of Environmental aquaculture, and marine protection services Affairs is a central authority in the country’s and ocean governance. The initial results are efforts to combat the erosion of biodiversity. positive, but more time is needed to fully In response to the scourge of wildlife crime, appreciate the benefits of this initiative.22 such as the recent spate of attacks on the rhino population, the department spearheaded SDG 15.6: Promote fair and equitable sharing the establishment of both the biodiversity of the benefits arising from the utilisation of enforcement unit and the multi-stakeholder genetic resources and promote appropriate national wildlife crime reaction unit. Capacity access to such resources, as internationally will be increased in an attempt to address the agreed. current and future potential wildlife crimes. South Africa, through the National Department The African Rhino Conservation Plan promotes of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF), a long-term continental vision to secure viable, became involved in discussions on Plant growing and valued rhino populations across Genetic Resources and related matters the African landscape and to ensure that during the late 1980s and has since ratified continental rhino numbers increase over the to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) period 2015 – 2020. and is in the process of ratifying the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations SDG 15.a: Mobilise and significantly increase (FAO) International Treaty on Plant Genetic financial resources from all sources to Resources for Food and Agriculture. South conserve and sustainably use biodiversity and Africa became a member of the SADC Plant ecosystems. Genetic Resources Centre (SPGRC) in 1995. The South Africa’s National Biodiversity Strategy DAFF has a programme on genetic resources and Action Plan (NBSAP) is a well thought which seeks to ensure the conservation and out requirement of contracting parties to the sustainable use of plant genetic resources for Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). The food and agriculture. The functions include: NBSAP identifies priorities for biodiversity • To collect, characterise and evaluate plant management and aligns these to the global genetic resources for food and agriculture. agenda, as well as national development • To promote the value of plant genetic imperatives. The costing South Africa’s NBSAP resources for food and agriculture. and the development of a resource mobilisation

• Regulate access to plant genetic resources plan are well articulated in the plan and will Plan Mapping the National Development for food and agriculture be pursued through the Biodiversity Finance • To ensure equitable sharing of any benefits Initiative (BIOFIN). BIOFIN is a global initiative arising from the utilisation of plant genetic funded by the European Union and managed resources for food and agriculture. by the United Nations Development • To manage international agreements, Programme (UNDP). BIOFIN is working in pilot protocols relevant to plant genetic countries, including South Africa, to develop a resources for food and agriculture. comprehensive national resource mobilising strategy. SDG 15.7: Take urgent action to end poaching and trafficking of protected species of flora and fauna and address both demand and supply of illegal wildlife products South Africa is the third most biologically diverse country in the world. Combating any

22 https://www.environment.gov.za/speech/presidentzuma operationphakisa 120

The strategy also calls for Improving cost-effec- Not applicable. tiveness through the mainstreaming of SDG 17.7: Promote the development, biodiversity into national development and transfer, dissemination and diffusion of sectoral planning and develop a methodology environmentally sound technologies to for quantifying the biodiversity finance gap at developing countries on favourable terms, the national level. including on concessional and preferential terms as mutually agreed. SDG 17.1: Strengthen domestic resource mobilisation, including through international Not applicable. support to developing countries, to improve SDG 17.13: Enhance global macroeconomic domestic capacity for tax and other revenue stability, including through policy coordination collection. and policy coherence. Not relevant to South Africa. SDG 17.2: Developed countries to implement Not applicable. their official development assistance SDG 17.15: Respect each country’s policy space commitments, including the commitment and leadership to establish and implement by many developed countries to achieve the policies for poverty eradication and target of 0.7% of gross national income for sustainable development: Multi-stakeholder official development assistance (ODA/ GNI) to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development partnerships. to developing countries and 0.15 to 0.20% of ODA/GNI to least developed countries; ODA Not applicable. providers are encouraged to consider setting SDG 17.16: Enhance the Global Partnership for a target to provide at least 0.20% of ODA/GNI Sustainable Development, complemented by to least developed countries. multi-stakeholder partnerships that mobilise and share knowledge, expertise, technology Not applicable. and financial resources, to support the SDG 17.3: Mobilise additional financial achievement of the Sustainable Development resources for developing countries from Goals in all countries, in particular developing multiple sources. countries.

Not applicable. In 2015, South Africa’s Gross Domestic Product SDG 17.4: Assist developing countries in crossed the R4 trillion mark while the budget attaining long-term debt sustainability for 2016/2017 put in place measures to narrow

Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development through coordinated policies aimed at the fiscal deficit and stabilise its gross loan debt. fostering debt financing, debt relief and debt South Africa remains the economic powerhouse restructuring, as appropriate, and address and the largest African provider of assistance the external debt of highly indebted poor on the continent despite having its own share countries to reduce debt distress. of domestic development challenges. Since 2007 there has been discussion to formalise, Not applicable rationalise, co-ordinate and provide structure SDG 17.5: Adopt and implement investment to South Africa’s development co-operation promotion regimes for least developed through the establishment of the South countries. African International Development Agency (SAIDA), later modified to the South African Development Partnership Agency (SADPA).23

23 https://www.saiia.org.za/research-reports/347-south-african-development-partnership-agency-sadpa-strategic-aid-or-development-packages-for-africa/ file 121

In order to fulfil its envisaged and existing availability of high-quality, timely and reliable obligations, South Africa requires a substantial data disaggregated by income, gender, age, amount of resources. South Africa receives race, ethnicity, migratory status, disability, a minuscule amount of assistance from geographic location and other characteristics donors to the tune of around 0.4632% of Gross relevant in national contexts. National Income. Domestically, The South The NDP recognises that international and African Revenue Service (SARS) is responsible regional contexts affect South Africa in for revenue collection in the domestic market. many ways. Emerging markets, particularly SARS is an organ of the state outside the China, India and Brazil, have far-reaching Public Service with the mandate of collecting consequences in existing and future trading and administering all national taxes, duties relationships. Demand shifts in China will have and levies imposed under national legislation. a significant impact on the levels of domestic Although revenue collection and the mandate demand for natural resources, while the of SARS is not explicitly spelt out in the NDP, emergence of more consumers in developing there is an implicit assumption that all countries will equally broaden opportunities for programmes identified in the NDP cannot trade. Although the SDG 17 targets listed above be implemented without a robust domestic specifically refer to the interface between resource envelope. developed countries and least developed countries and SIDS, South Africa sees itself at SDG 17.17: Encourage and promote effective the core of enhancing partnerships with other Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development public, public-private and civic society countries on the continent. Internally, there partnerships, building on the experience and are numerous measures instituted to enhance resourcing strategies of partnerships: Data, service delivery through Public-Private monitoring and accountability. Partnerships (PPPs). PPPs have been regulated under the Public Finance Management Act Not applicable. (1999) (PFMA) and Treasury Regulation 16, SDG 17.18: By 2020, enhance capacity-building providing a clear and transparent framework support to developing countries, including for for government and its private sector partners least developed countries and small island to enter into a mutually beneficial commercial developing states, to increase significantly the transaction for the public good. Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development 122

CONCLUSION

The Rapid Integrated Assessment highlights need to be addressed by multiple departments the convergence between South Africa’s NDP and policy areas where actions can affect and SDG targets, as well as the gaps between multiple SDGs. This points to the critical need for the two frameworks. It is clear from this analysis strong cross-sector institutional arrangements that the level of convergence between the to promote sectoral interlinkages, prioritisation, NDP objectives and SDG targets is quite high. and budgeting which are key elements to SDG The analysis states from the onset that the achievement – identifying priority drivers and NDP was a reflection of the challenges which investments that can make progress towards were identified in the Diagnostic Report and multiple SDG targets at the same time. could thus not be expected to be completely in tandem with the SDGs which explains the The assessment conducted in this study should gaps between the two. Further, owing to South be read in conjunction with the Statistics SA’s Africa’s leadership role in most global and baseline report on SDG indicators which will continental processes preceding the adoption ultimately be used to track progress on the of the SDGs and the African Union Agenda implementation on the NDP and sectoral 2063, it would be expected that there would strategies’ impact on the SDGs. In the Rapid to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development be a significant level of convergence between Integrated Assessment, 96 SDG targets were South Africa’s own development frameworks directly addressed by one or more NDP and the global/continental agendas. objective(s); 29 SDG targets were partially addressed by one or more NDP objective(s) The analysis presents a first step in assessing while 44 SDG targets were not at all addressed the degree to which South Africa’s plans reflect by the NDP. Out of this, 32 targets were the objectives of the SDGs and Agenda 2063 addressed by other frameworks and strategies Aspirations. Whereas the analysis concludes outside the NDP, while 12 of these did not apply that 94.87 per cent of the priorities in the African to the South African context. Union’s Agenda 2063 are reflected directly in the NDP, the remaining 5.13 per cent do appear KEY MESSAGES. as indirect reflections in the NDP. Thus there 1. The NDP and the African Union Agenda are no gaps registered between the AU Agenda 2063 are fully aligned at the confluence 2063 and the NDP. The gaps that are analysed between NDP Objectives and Agenda 2063 in this study all relate to the SDGs. These gaps Priorities. 94.87 per cent of the priorities in Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development do not in any way, suggest that South Africa Agenda 2063 are directly addressed by the is not addressing them. It simply means that objectives in the NDP, while only 5.13 per much as they do not appear in the NDP, many cent are addressed indirectly. of them are being addressed comprehensively outside the scope of the NDP through some 2. The priorities that are indirectly addressed other sectoral approaches. These gaps are by the NDP are all related to Pan-Africanism analysed comprehensively in the gap analysis focusing on Africa’s cultural identity as while those which have no relevance to the espoused in Aspiration 5.which is about country context are labelled as such. The gap promoting “an Africa with a strong cultural analysis shows that South Africa has a wealth identity, common heritage, values and of plans and strategies, many of which are well ethics.” aligned to with the SDGs but are not being implemented within the scope of the NDP.

The analysis also helps to map SDG targets that 123

3. While the NDP refers to South Africa’s indicator framework which Statistics South position in Africa and the world, it does Africa has developed to measure progress not explicitly mention these ideals, though towards attaining the SDGs. they do form the very fabric of South African society – Ubuntu. 9. If any of the SDG targets becomes a key priority, the analysis can guide policymakers 4. While some Agenda 2063 priorities are as to which interventions could yield the indirectly addressed by NDP Objectives, best positive impact on particular SDG All Aspirations are aligned with the broad targets, while the gaps provide guidance objectives of the NDP. on what SDG targets need to be addressed if they are currently not. 5. The NDP and the SDGs are highly aligned, with a convergence ratio of 74%. This 10. The multi-sectoral nature of SDG means that 74% of the 169 SDG targets are intervention is clear from the analysis. Some covered by the NDP. SDG targets will require a multi-pronged approach, while others are sector-specific. 6. Only 12 SDG targets do not apply to the Equally, some sector-specific interventions South African context. may result in positive or negative impacts elsewhere.

7. Most NDP objectives with a redistributive Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development slant affect the highest number of SDG 11. The remaining 26% (44 targets) of the 169 targets – these have a direct impact on the SDG targets are not covered within the SDGs, while other NDP objectives could be framework of the NDP. Out of this, 32 targets construed as catalytic or enablers. are being addressed comprehensively in other programmes and strategies running 8. The NDP objectives classified into high in parallel to the NDP. impact, medium impact and low impact should be read in tandem with the SDG

Figure 15: NDP-SDGs Alignment 26% 57% Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development SDG targets not SDG targets fully addressed addressed: 96/169 in NDP: 44/169

17% SDG targets partially addressed: 29/169 124

Figure 16: Detail of SDG targets not addressed by the NDP

26% 74% SDG not applicable: SDG targets addressed 12/44 in other sectoral programmes: 32/44 to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development

Figure 17: Direct and indirect impacted Agenda 2063 priorities 5.13 Indirectly addressed

Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development by NDP

94.87 Directly addressed by NDP 125

APPENDIX 1:

Operational chapters of the National • At least 20 000MW of this capacity should Development Plan and their respective come from renewable sources. objectives • Ensure that all people have access to clean, potable water and that there is Chapter 3: Economy and employment enough water for agriculture and industry, • The unemployment rate should fall from recognising the trade-offs in the use of 24.9% in June 2012 to 14% by 2020 and to water. 6% by 2030. This requires an additional 11 • Water demand in urban areas should be million jobs. Total employment should rise reduced to 15% below the business-as-usual from 13 million to 24 million. scenario by 2030. • The proportion of adults working should • The proportion of people who use public increase from 41% to 61%. transport for regular commutes will • The proportion of adults in rural areas expand significantly. By 2030, public working should rise from 29% to 40%. transport should be user-friendly, less • The labour force participation rate should environmentally damaging, cheaper and rise from 54% to 65%. integrated or seamless. to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development • Gross Domestic Product (GDP) should • Durban port capacity should increase from increase by 2.7 times in real terms, requiring 3 million containers a year to 20 million by average annual GDP growth of 5.4% over 2040. the period. GDP per capita should increase • There should be competitively priced and from about R50 000 per person in 2010 to widely available broadband. R110 000 per person in 2030 at constant prices. Chapter 5: Environmental sustainability and • The proportion of national income earned resilience by the bottom 40% should rise from about • There should be a set of indicators for 6% today to 10% in 2030. natural resources, accompanied by the • Ownership of assets to historically publication of annual reports on the health disadvantaged groups should be of identified resources to inform policy. broadened. Exports (as measured in • A target for the amount of land and oceans volume terms) should grow by 6% a year to under protection (presently about 7.9 2030 with non-traditional exports growing million ha of land, 848km of coastline and

by 10% a year. National savings should be 4 172 square km of ocean are protected). Plan Mapping the National Development increased from 16% of GDP to 25%. The level • Achieve the peak, plateau and decline of gross fixed capital formation should rise trajectory for greenhouse gas emissions, from 17% to 30%. with the peak being reached around 2025. • By 2030, an economy-wide carbon price Chapter 4: Economic infrastructure should be entrenched. • The proportion of people with access to the • Zero-emission building standards by 2030. electricity grid should rise to at least 90% • Absolute reductions in the total volume of by 2030, with non-grid options available for waste disposed to landfill each year. the rest. • At least 20 000MW of renewable energy • The country would need an additional should be contracted by 2030. 29 000MW of electricity by 2030. About • Improved disaster preparedness for 10 900MW of existing capacity is to be extreme climate events. retired, implying new build of more than 40 000MW. 126

• Increased investment in new agricultural must achieve 50% or more in the annual technologies, research and the national assessments in literacy, math development of adaptation strategies and science. Between 80 – 90% of learners for the protection of rural livelihoods and should complete 12 years of schooling and expansion of commercial agriculture. or vocational education with at least 80% successfully passing the exit exams. Chapter 6: Inclusive rural economy • Eradicate infrastructure backlogs and • An additional 643 000 direct jobs and ensure that all schools meet the minimum 326 000 indirect jobs in the agriculture, standards by 2016. agro-processing and related sectors by • Expand the college system with a focus 2030. on improving quality. Better quality • Maintain a positive trade balance for will build confidence in the college primary and processed agricultural sector and attract more learners. The products. recommended participation rate of 25% would accommodate about 1.25 million Chapter 7: South Africa in the region and the enrolments. world • Provide 1 million learning opportunities • Intra-regional trade in Southern Africa through Community Education and should increase from 7% of trade to 25% of Training Centres. to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development trade by 2030. • Improve the throughput rate to 80% by • South Africa’s trade with regional 2030. neighbours should increase from 15% of • Produce 30 000 artisans per year. our trade to 30%. • Increase enrolment at universities by at least 70% by 2030 so that enrolments Chapter 8: Transforming human settlements increase to about 1.62 million from 950 000 • Strong and efficient spatial planning in 2010. system, well-integrated across the spheres • Increase the number of students eligible of government. to study towards math- and science-based • Upgrade all informal settlements on degrees to 450 000 by 2030. suitable, well-located land by 2030. • Increase the per centage of PhD qualified • More people are living closer to their places staff in the higher education sector from of work. the current 34% to over 75% by 2030. • Better quality of public transport. • Produce more than 100 doctoral graduates • More jobs in or close to dense, urban per million per year by 2030. That implies

Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development townships. an increase from 1420 in 2010 to well over 5 000 a year. Chapter 9: Improving education, training and • Expand science, technology and innovation innovation outputs by increasing research and • Make early childhood development a top development spending by the government priority among the measures to improve and through encouraging industry to do the quality of education and long-term so. prospects of future generations. Dedicated resources should be channelled towards Chapter 10: Health care for all ensuring that all children are well cared for • Increase the average male and female from an early age and receive appropriate life expectancy at birth to 70 years. emotional, cognitive and physical Progressively improve TB prevention and development stimulation. cure. • All children should have at least two years • Reduce maternal, infant and child of pre-school education. mortality. • About 90% of learners in grades 3, 6 and 9 127

• Significantly reduce the prevalence of • In 2030 people living in South Africa feel non-communicable chronic diseases. safe and have no fear of crime. They feel • Reduce injury, accidents and violence by safe at home, at school and at work, and 50% from 2010 levels. they enjoy an active community life free of • Deploy primary healthcare teams to fear. provide care to families and communities. • Women can walk freely in the street, and • Everyone must have access to an equal the children can play safely outside. standard of care, regardless of their income. • The police service is a well-resourced • Fill posts with skilled, committed and professional institution staffed by highly competent individuals. skilled officers who value their work, serve the community, safeguard lives and Chapter 11: Social protection property without discrimination, protect • Ensure progressively and through multiple the peaceful against violence, and respect avenues that no one lives below a defined the rights of all to equality and justice. minimum social floor. • All children should enjoy services and Chapter 13: Building a capable and benefits aimed at facilitating access to developmental state nutrition, health care, education, social • A state that is capable of playing a care and safety. developmental and transformative role.

• Address problems such as hunger, • A public service immersed in the Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development malnutrition and micronutrient development agenda but insulated from deficiencies that affect physical growth undue political interference. and cognitive development, especially • Staff at all levels have the authority, among children. experience, competence and support they • Address the skills deficit in the social need to do their jobs. welfare sector. • Relations between national, provincial and • Provide income support to the local government are improved through a unemployed through various active more proactive approach to managing the labour market initiatives such as public intergovernmental system. works programmes, training and • Clear governance structures and stable skills development, and other labour leadership enable state-owned enterprises market-related incentives. (SOEs) to achieve their developmental • All working individuals should make potential. adequate provision for retirement through Chapter 14: Fighting corruption

mandated savings. The state should • A corruption-free society, a high Plan Mapping the National Development provide measures to make pensions safe adherence to ethics throughout society and sustainable. and a government that is accountable to • Social protection systems must respond its people. to the growth of temporary and part-time contracts, and the increasing importance Chapter 15: Nation-building and social of self-employment and establish cohesion mechanisms to cover the risks associated • Our vision is a society where opportunity with such. is not determined by race or birthright; • Create an effective social welfare system where citizens accept that they have both that delivers better results for vulnerable rights and responsibilities. Most critically, groups, with the state playing a larger we seek a united, prosperous, non-racial, role compared to now. Civil society should non-sexist and democratic South Africa. complement government initiatives. Source: National Planning Commission (2012), Executive Summary – National Development Plan 2030 – Our Future, Chapter 12: Building safer communities Make it Work. 128

APPENDIX 2:

MTSF Outcomes • South Africa’s borders effectively defended, Outcome 1: Quality basic education protected, secured, and well-managed. • Improved quality of teaching and learning • Secure cyberspace. through the development, supply and • Domestic stability ensured. effective utilisation of teachers. • Identity of all persons in South Africa • Improved quality of teaching and learning known and secured. through the provision of infrastructure and • Corruption in the public and private sectors learning materials. reduced. • Regular annual national assessments (ANA) to track improvements in the quality Outcome 4: Decent employment through of teaching and learning. inclusive growth • Improved Grade R and planning for the • Productive investment is effectively extension of ECD. crowded in through the infrastructure • A credible outcomes-focused planning build programme. and accountability system (building the • The productive sectors account for capacity of the state to intervene and a growing share of production and to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development support quality education. employment. • Partnerships for a strong education system. • Elimination of unnecessary regulations and lower price increases for key input Outcome 2: A long and healthy life for all fosters investment and economic growth. South Africans • Workers’ education and skills increasingly • Universal health coverage progressively meet economic needs. achieved through the implementation of • Spatial imbalances in economic National Health Insurance. opportunities are addressed through • Improved quality of health care. expanded employment in agriculture, the • Implement the re-engineering of primary build programme and densification in the health care. metros. • Reduced health care costs. • Macroeconomic conditions support em- • Improved human resources for health. ployment-creating growth. • Improved health management and • Reduced workplace conflict and improved leadership. collaboration between government,

Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development • Improved health facility planning and organised business and organised labour. infrastructure development. • Economic opportunities for historically • HIV AIDS and TB prevented and successfully excluded and vulnerable groups are managed. expanded and the number of sustainable • Maternal, infant and child mortality small business and cooperatives is reduced. improved markedly. • Efficient Health Management Information System developed and implemented for improved decision making.

Outcome 3: All people in South Africa are and feel safe • Reduced levels of contact crime. • An efficient and effective criminal justice system. 129

• Public employment schemes provide relief support (technical, financial, infrastructure) for the unemployed and build community for agrarian transformation. solidarity and agency. • Increased access to quality infrastructure • Investment in research, development and and functional services, particularly in innovation supports inclusive growth by education, healthcare and public transport enhancing productivity of existing and in rural areas. emerging enterprises and improving the • Growth of sustainable rural enterprises and living conditions of the poor. industries – resulting in rural job creation.

Outcome 5: A skilled and capable workforce Outcome 8: Sustainable human settlements to support an inclusive growth path and improved quality of household life • A credible institutional mechanism for • Adequate housing and improved quality of labour market and skills planning. living environments. • Increased access and success in • A functionally equitable residential programmes leading to intermediate and property market. high level learning. • Enhance institutional capability for effective • Increased access to high-level coordination of spatial information. occupationally directed programmes in needed areas. Outcome 9: Responsive, accountable, effective

• Increased access to occupationally directed and efficient local government Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development programmes in needed areas and thereby • Members of society have sustainable and expanded availability of intermediate level reliable access to basic services. skills with a focus on artisan skills. • Intergovernmental and democratic governance arrangements for a functional Outcome 6: An efficient, competitive and system of cooperative governance and responsive economic infrastructure network participatory democracy strengthened. • Regulation, funding and investment • Sound financial and administrative approved. management. • Reliable generation, transmission and • Promotion of social and economic distribution of energy ensured. development. • Maintenance, strategic expansion, • Local public management programme operational efficiency, capacity and expanded through Community Work competitiveness of our logistics and Programme. transport infrastructure ensured.

• Maintenance and supply availability of our Outcome 10: Protect and enhance our Plan Mapping the National Development bulk water resources ensured. environmental assets and natural resources • Expansion, modernisation, access and • Ecosystems are sustained and natural affordability of our information and resources are used efficiently. communication infrastructure ensured. • An effective climate change mitigation and adaptation response. Outcome 7: Vibrant, equitable, sustainable • An environmentally sustainable, rural communities contributing towards food low-carbon economy resulting from a security for all well-managed just transition. • Improved land administration and spatial • Enhanced governance systems and planning for integrated development in capacity. rural areas. • Sustainable human communities. • Sustainable land reform contributing to agrarian transformation. • Improved food security. • Smallholder producers development and 130

Outcome 11: Create a better South Africa and and institutionalisation of long-term contribute to a better Africa and a better planning. world • Improved mechanisms to promote ethical • SA’s national priorities advanced in bilateral behaviour in the public service. agreements. • An economically integrated Southern Outcome 13: A comprehensive, responsive Africa. and sustainable social protection system • Political cohesion within Southern Africa • Strengthening social welfare delivery to ensure a peaceful, secure and stable through legislative, policy reforms; capacity Southern African region. building. • A peaceful, secure and stable Africa. • Improved quality and access to Early • A sustainable developed, and economically Childhood Development Services for integrated Africa. children aged 0-4. • An equitable and just system of global • Strengthened community development governance. interventions. • Strong mutually beneficial South-South • Deepening social assistance and cooperation. expanding access to social security. • Beneficial relations with strategic • Optimal systems to strengthen formations of the North. coordination, integration, planning, to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development monitoring and evaluation of social Outcome 12: An efficient, effective and deve- protection services. lopment-oriented public service • A stable political-administrative interface. Outcome 14: A diverse, socially cohesive • A public service that is a career of choice. society with a common national identity • Sufficient technical and specialist (nation-building) professional skills. • Fostering constitutional values. • Efficient and effective management and • Equal opportunities, inclusion and redress. operations systems. • Promoting social cohesion across society • Procurement systems that deliver value for through increased interaction across race money. and class. • Increased responsiveness of public • Promoting active citizenry and leadership servants and accountability to citizens. • Improved inter-departmental coordination Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development APPENDIX 3:

AU Agenda 2063 Aspirations norm, and no child misses school due to Aspiration 1. poverty or any form of discrimination; A prosperous Africa based on inclusive growth • Cities and other settlements are hubs and sustainable development of cultural and economic activities, with • African people have a high standard of modernised infrastructure, and people living, and quality of life, sound health and have access to affordable and decent well-being; housing including housing finance • Well educated and skilled citizens, together with all the basic necessities of underpinned by science, technology and life such as water, sanitation, energy, public innovation for a knowledge society is the transport and ICT; 131

• Economies are structurally transformed common heritage, values and ethics to create shared growth, decent jobs and • Pan Africanism will be fully entrenched; economic opportunities for all; • The African Renaissance has reached its • Modern agriculture for increased peak; and production, productivity and value • Our diversity in culture, heritage, languages addition contributes to farmer and and religion shall be a cause of strength, national prosperity and Africa’s collective including the tangible and intangible food security; and heritage of Africa’s island states. • Africa’s unique natural endowments, its environment and ecosystems, including its Aspiration 6. wildlife and wildlands, are healthy, valued An Africa whose development is people-driven, and protected, with climate-resilient relying on the potential of African people, economies and communities. especially its women and youth, and caring for children Aspiration 2. • Is people-centred and caring; An integrated continent, politically united, • Puts children first; based on the ideals of Pan Africanism and the • Has empowered women to play their vision of Africa’s Renaissance rightful role in all spheres of life; • Be a United Africa; • Has full gender equality in all spheres of

• Have world-class, integrative infrastructure life; and Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development that crisscrosses the continent; • Has engaged and empowered youth. • Have dynamic and mutually beneficial links with her Diaspora; and Aspiration 7. • Be a continent of seamless borders and Africa as a strong, united and influential management of cross-border resources global player and partner through dialogue. Aspiration 3. • A major social, political and economic force An Africa of good governance, democracy, in the world, with her rightful share of the respect for human rights, justice and the rule global commons (land, oceans and space); of law • An active and equal participant in global • Be a continent where democratic values, affairs, multilateral institutions, and a driver culture, practices, universal principles of for peaceful co-existence, tolerance and a human rights, gender equality, justice and sustainable and just world; and the rule of law are entrenched; and • Fully capable and have the means to

• Have capable institutions and finance her development. Plan Mapping the National Development transformative leadership in place at all

levels.

Aspiration 4. A peaceful and secure Africa • An entrenched and flourishing culture of human rights, democracy, gender equality, inclusion and peace; • Prosperity, security and safety for all citizens; and • Mechanisms to promote and defend the continent’s collective security and interests.

Aspiration 5. An Africa with a strong cultural identity, 132

APPENDIX 4:

Agenda 2063 Aspirations, Goals and Priority te-resilient economies and communities Areas 1.7.1 Sustainable natural resource Aspirations 7 management and biodiversity Goals 19 conservation Priority Areas 39 1.7.2 Sustainable consumption and production patterns 1 A Prosperous Africa, based on Inclusive 1.7.3 Water security Growth and Sustainable Development 1.7.4 Climate resilience and natural 1.1 A High Standard of Living, Quality of disasters preparedness and Life and Well Being for All Citizens prevention 1.1.1 Incomes, Jobs and decent work 1.7.5 Renewable energy 1.1.2 Poverty, Inequality and Hunger 1.1.3 Social security and protection 2 An Integrated Continent Politically united Including Persons with Disabilities and based on the ideals of Pan Africanism 1.1.4 Modern and Livable Habitats and and the vision of African Renaissance Basic Quality Services to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development 2.8 United Africa (Federal or Confederate) 1.2 Well Educated Citizens and Skills revolution underpinned by Science, 2.8.1 Framework and Institutions for a United Technology and Innovation Africa 1.2.1 Education and STI skills-driven revolution 2.9 Continental Financial and Monetary Institutions are established and functional 1.3 Healthy and well-nourished citizens 2.9.1 Financial and Monetary Institutions 1.3.1 Health and Nutrition 2.10 World-Class Infrastructure criss crosses 1.4 Transformed Economies Africa 1.4.1 Sustainable and inclusive economic 2.10.1 Communications and Infrastructure growth Connectivity 1.4.2 STI driven Manufacturing / Industriali- zation and Value Addition 3 An Africa of Good Governance,

Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development 1.4.3 Economic diversification and Democracy, Respect for Human Rights, resilience Justice and the Rule of Law 1.4.4 Hospitality/Tourism 3.11 Democratic values, practices, universal 1.5 Modern Agriculture for increased principles of human rights, justice and the productivity and production rule of law entrenched 1.5.1 Agricultural Productivity and 3.11.1 Democracy and Good Governance Production 3.11.2 Human Rights, Justice and The Rule of Law 1.6 Blue/ ocean economy for accelerated economic growth 3.12 Capable institutions and transformative 1.6.1 Marine Resources and Energy leadership in place 1.6.2 Ports Operations and Marine 3.12.1 Institutions and Leadership Transport 3.12.2 Participatory Development and Local Governance 1.7 Environmentally sustainable and clima- 133

4 A Peaceful and Secure Africa its Women and Youth, and caring for 4.13 Peace Security and Stability is preserved Children 4.13.1 Maintenance and Preservation of 6.17 Full Gender Equality in All Spheres of Life Peace and Security 6.17.1 Women and Girls Empowerment 6.17.2 Violence & Discrimination against 4.14 A Stable and Peaceful Africa Women and Girls 4.14.1 Institutional structure for AU Instruments on Peace and Security 6.18 Engaged and Empowered Youth and Children 4.15 A Fully functional and operational APSA 6.18.1 Youth Empowerment and Children 4.15.1 Fully operational and functional APSA Pillars 7 An Africa as A Strong, United, Resilient and Influential Global Player and Partner 5 Africa with a Strong Cultural Identity 7.19 Africa as a major partner in global affairs Common Heritage, Values and Ethics and peaceful co-existence 5.16 African Cultural Renaissance is 7.19.1 Africa’s place in global affairs. pre-eminent 7.19.2 Partnership 5.16.1 Values and Ideals of Pan Africanism 5.16.2 Cultural Values and African 7.20 Africa takes full responsibility for financing

Renaissance her development Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development 5.16.3 Cultural Heritage, Creative Arts and 7.20.1 African Capital market Businesses 7.20.2 Fiscal system and Public Sector Revenues 6 An Africa Whose Development is 7.20.3 Development Assistance people-driven, relying on the potential offered by African People, especially Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development 134

APPENDIX 5: SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS

Sustainable SDG Targets SDG Indicators Development Goal

Goal 1. End poverty 1.1 By 2030, eradicate extreme 1.1.1 Proportion of population in all its forms poverty for all people everywhere, below the international everywhere currently measured as people poverty line, by sex, age, living on less than $1.25 a day employment status and geographical location (urban/rural)

1.2 By 2030, reduce at least by half 1.2.1 Proportion of population the proportion of men, women living below the national and children of all ages living poverty line, by sex and age in poverty in all its dimensions to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development according to national definitions 1.2.2 Proportion of men, women and children of all ages living in poverty in all its dimensions according to national definitions

1.3 Implement nationally appropriate 1.3.1 Proportion of population social protection systems and covered by social protection measures for all, including floors, floors/systems, by sex, and by 2030 achieve substantial distinguishing children, coverage of the poor and the unemployed persons, vulnerable older persons, persons with disabilities, pregnant women, newborns, work- injury victims and the poor Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development and the vulnerable

1.4 By 2030, ensure that all men and 1.4.1 Proportion of population women, in particular the poor living in households with and the vulnerable, have equal access to basic services rights to economic resources, as 1.4.2 Proportion of total adult well as access to basic services, population with secure ownership and control over land tenure rights to land, and other forms of property, with legally recognized inheritance, natural resources, documentation and who appropriate new technology perceive their rights to land and financial services, including as secure, by sex and by microfinance type of tenure 135

Sustainable SDG Targets SDG Indicators Development Goal

Goal 1. End poverty 1.5 By 2030, build the resilience of 1.5.1 Number of deaths, missing in all its forms the poor and those in vulnerable persons and directly everywhere situations and reduce their affected persons attributed exposure and vulnerability to to disasters per 100,000 climate-related extreme events population and other economic, social 1.5.2 Direct economic loss and environmental shocks and attributed to disasters in disasters relation to the global gross domestic product (GDP)

1.5.3 Number of countries that adopt and implement national disaster risk reduction strategies in line with the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development

1.5.4 Proportion of local governments that adopt and implement local disaster risk reduction strategies in line with national disaster risk reduction strategies

1.a Ensure significant mobilization 1.a.1 Proportion of domestically of resources from a variety of generated resources sources, including through allocated by the enhanced development government directly cooperation, in order to provide to poverty reduction adequate and predictable programmes

means for developing countries, Plan Mapping the National Development in particular least developed 1.a.2 Proportion of total countries, to implement government spending programmes and policies to end on essential services poverty in all its dimensions (education, health and social protection)

1.a.3 Sum of total grants and non-debt-creating inflows directly allocated to poverty reduction programmes as a proportion of GDP 136

Sustainable SDG Targets SDG Indicators Development Goal

Goal 1. End poverty 1.b Create sound policy frameworks 1.b.1 Proportion of government in all its forms at the national, regional and recurrent and capital everywhere international levels, based on spending to sectors that pro-poor and gender-sensitive disproportionately benefit development strategies, to women, the poor and support accelerated investment vulnerable groups in poverty eradication actions

Sustainable SDG Targets SDG Indicators Development Goal

Goal 2. End 2.1 By 2030, end hunger and ensure 2.1.1 Prevalence of hunger, achieve access by all people, in particular undernourishment food security and the poor and people in vulnerable to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development 2.1.2 Prevalence of moderate improved nutrition situations, including infants, to safe, or severe food insecurity and promote nutritious and sufficient food all in the population, based sustainable year round on the Food Insecurity agriculture Experience Scale (FIES)

2.2 By 2030, end all forms of 2.2.1 Prevalence of stunting malnutrition, including achieving, (height for age by 2025, the internationally agreed <-2 standard deviation from targets on stunting and wasting the median of the World in children under 5 years of age, Health Organization and address the nutritional needs (WHO) Child Growth of adolescent girls, pregnant and Standards) among children lactating women and older persons under 5 years of age

2.2.2 Prevalence of malnutrition

Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development (weight for height >+2 or <-2 standard deviation from the median of the WHO Child Growth Standards) among children under 5 years of age, by type (wasting and overweight) 137

Sustainable SDG Targets SDG Indicators Development Goal

Goal 2. End 2.4 By 2030, ensure sustainable 2.4.1 Proportion of agricultural hunger, achieve food production systems and area under productive and food security and implement resilient agricultural sustainable agriculture improved nutrition practices that increase productivity and promote and production, that help maintain sustainable ecosystems, that strengthen agriculture capacity for adaptation to climate change, extreme weather, drought, flooding and other disasters and that progressively improve land and soil quality

2.5 By 2020, maintain the genetic 2.5.1 Number of plant and diversity of seeds, cultivated plants animal genetic resources and farmed and domesticated for food and agriculture animals and their related wild secured in either medium-

species, including through soundly or long Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development managed and diversified seed 2.5.2 Proportion of local breeds and plant banks at the national, classified as being at risk, regional and international levels, not at risk or at unknown and promote access to and fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the utilization of genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge, as internationally agreed

2.a Increase investment, including 2.a.1 The agriculture orientation through enhanced international index for government cooperation, in rural infrastructure, expenditures agricultural research and extension 2.a.2 Total official flows (official services, technology development development assistance

and plant and livestock gene banks Plan Mapping the National Development plus other official flows) to in order to enhance agricultural the agriculture sector productive capacity in developing countries, in particular, least developed countries 138

Sustainable SDG Targets SDG Indicators Development Goal

Goal 2. End 2.b Correct and prevent trade 2.b.1 Agricultural export subsidies hunger, achieve restrictions and distortions in food security and world agricultural markets, improved nutrition including through the parallel and promote elimination of all forms of sustainable agricultural export subsidies and all agriculture export measures with equivalent effect, in accordance with the mandate of the Doha Development Round

2.c Adopt measures to ensure the 2.c.1 Indicator of food price proper functioning of food anomalies commodity markets and their derivatives and facilitate timely access to market information,

to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development including on food reserves, in order to help limit extreme food price volatility

Sustainable SDG Targets SDG Indicators Development Goal

Goal 3. Ensure healthy 3.1 By 2030, reduce the global 3.1.1 Maternal mortality ratio lives and promote maternal mortality ratio to less well-being for all at all than 70 per 100,000 live births 3.1.2 Proportion of births ages attended by skilled health personnel

3.2 By 2030, end preventable deaths 3.2.1 Under-5 mortality rate 3.2.2 Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development of newborns and children under Neonatal mortality rate 5 years of age, with all countries aiming to reduce neonatal mortality to at least as low as 12 per 1,000 live births and under-5 mortality to at least as low as 25 per 1,000 live births 139

Sustainable SDG Targets SDG Indicators Development Goal

Goal 3. Ensure healthy 3.3 By 2030, end the epidemics 3.3.1 Number of new HIV lives and promote of AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria infections per 1,000 well-being for all at all and neglected tropical diseases uninfected population, ages and combat hepatitis, water- by sex, age and key borne diseases and other populations communicable diseases 3.3.2 Tuberculosis incidence per 100,000 population

3.3.3 Malaria incidence per 1,000 population

3.3.4 Hepatitis B incidence per 100,000 population

3.3.5 Number of people requiring interventions against neglected tropical diseases to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development 3.4 By 2030, reduce by one-third 3.4.1 Mortality rate attributed premature mortality from non- to cardiovascular disease, communicable diseases through cancer, diabetes or chronic prevention and treatment and respiratory disease promote mental health and well- being 3.4.2 Suicide mortality rate

3.5 Strengthen the prevention and 3.5.1 Coverage of treatment treatment of substance abuse, interventions including narcotic drug abuse (pharmacological, and harmful use of alcohol psychosocial and rehabilitation and aftercare services) for substance use disorders

3.5.2 Harmful use of alcohol, Plan Mapping the National Development defined according to the national context as alcohol per capita consumption (aged 15 years and older) within a calendar year in litres of pure alcohol

3.6 By 2020, halve the number of 3.6.1 Death rate due to road global deaths and injuries from traffic injuries road traffic accidents 140

Sustainable SDG Targets SDG Indicators Development Goal

Goal 3. Ensure healthy 3.7 By 2030, ensure universal access 3.7.1 Proportion of women of lives and promote to sexual and reproductive reproductive age (aged well-being for all at all health-care services, including for 15–49 years) who have their ages family planning, information and need for family planning education, and the integration of satisfied with modern reproductive health into national methods strategies and programmes 3.7.2 Adolescent birth rate (aged 10–14 years; aged 15–19 years) per 1,000 women in that age group

3.8 Achieve universal health 3.8.1 Coverage of essential coverage, including financial health services (defined risk protection, access to quality as the average coverage essential health-care services of essential services based and access to safe, effective, on tracer interventions to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development quality and affordable essential that include reproductive, medicines and vaccines for all maternal, new-born and child health, infectious diseases, non- communicable diseases and service capacity and access, among the general and the most disadvantaged population)

3.8.2 Proportion of population with large household expenditures on health as a share of total household expenditure or income

Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development 3.9 By 2030, substantially reduce the 3.9.1 Mortality rate attributed to number of deaths and illnesses household and ambient air from hazardous chemicals and pollution air, water and soil pollution and 3.9.2 Mortality rate attributed contamination to unsafe water, unsafe sanitation and lack of hygiene (exposure to unsafe Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for All (WASH) services)

3.9.3 Mortality rate attributed to unintentional poisoning 141

Sustainable SDG Targets SDG Indicators Development Goal

Goal 3. Ensure healthy 3.a Strengthen the implementation 3.a.1 Age-standardized lives and promote of the World Health Organization prevalence of current well-being for all at all Framework Convention on tobacco use among ages Tobacco Control in all countries, persons aged 15 years and as appropriate older

3.b Support the research and 3.b.1 Proportion of the target development of vaccines and population covered by all medicines for the communicable vaccines included in their and non-communicable diseases national programme that primarily affect developing 3.b.2 Total net official countries, provide access to development assistance to affordable essential medicines medical research and basic and vaccines, in accordance with health sectors the Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public

Health, which affirms the right 3.b.3 Proportion of health Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development of developing countries to use facilities that have a core to the full the provisions in the set of relevant essential Agreement on Trade-Related medicines available and Aspects of Intellectual Property affordable on a sustainable Rights regarding flexibilities basis to protect public health, and, in particular, provide access to medicines for all

3.c Substantially increase health 3.c.1 Health worker density and financing and the recruitment, distribution development, training and retention of the health workforce in developing countries, especially in least developed

countries and small island Plan Mapping the National Development developing States

3.d Strengthen the capacity of 3.d.1 International Health all countries, in particular Regulations (IHR) capacity developing countries, for early and health emergency warning, risk reduction and preparedness management of national and global health risks 142

Sustainable SDG Targets SDG Indicators Development Goal

Goal 4. Ensure 4.1 By 2030, ensure that all girls and 4.1.1 Proportion of children inclusive and boys complete free, equitable and young people (a) in equitable quality and quality primary and grades 2/3; (b) at the end education secondary education leading to of primary; and (c) at the and promote relevant and effective learning end of lower secondary lifelong learning outcomes achieving at least a opportunities for all minimum proficiency level in

4.2 By 2030, ensure that all girls and 4.2.1 Proportion of children boys have access to quality early under 5 years of age who childhood development, care are developmentally on and pre-primary education so track in health, learning that they are ready for primary and psychosocial well- education being, by sex

4.2.2 Participation rate in to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development organized learning (one year before the official primary entry age), by sex

4.3 By 2030, ensure equal access for 4.3.1 Participation rate of youth all women and men to affordable and adults in formal and and quality technical, vocational non-formal education and and tertiary education, including training in the previous 12 university months, by sex

4.4 By 2030, substantially increase 4.4.1 Proportion of youth and the number of youth and adults adults with information who have relevant skills, including and communications technical and vocational skills, for technology (ICT) skills, by employment, decent jobs and type of skill entrepreneurship Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development 4.5 By 2030, eliminate gender 4.5.1 Parity indices (female/male, disparities in education and rural/urban, bottom/ top ensure equal access to all levels of wealth quintile and others education and vocational training such as disability status, for the vulnerable, including indigenous peoples and persons with disabilities, conflict-affected, as data indigenous peoples and children become available) for all in vulnerable situations education indicators on this list that can be 143

Sustainable SDG Targets SDG Indicators Development Goal

Goal 4. Ensure 4.6 By 2030, ensure that all youth 4.6.1 Proportion of population inclusive and and a substantial proportion of in a given age group equitable quality adults, both men and women, achieving at least a fixed education achieve literacy and numeracy level of proficiency in and promote functional (a) literacy and lifelong learning (b) numeracy skills, by sex opportunities for all 4.7 By 2030, ensure that all learners 4.7.1 Extent to which (i) global acquire the knowledge and skills citizenship education needed to promote sustainable and (ii) education for development, including, among sustainable development, others, through education including gender equality for sustainable development and human rights, are and sustainable lifestyles, mainstreamed at all levels human rights, gender equality, in (a) national education promotion of a culture of policies; (b) curricula; (c)

peace and non-violence, global teacher education; and (d) Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development citizenship and appreciation of student assessment cultural diversity and of culture’s contribution to sustainable development

4.a Build and upgrade education 4.a.1 Proportion of schools with facilities that are child, disability access to (a) electricity; and gender sensitive and provide (b) the Internet for pedagogical safe, non-violent, inclusive and purposes; (c) computers effective learning environments for pedagogical purposes; for all (d) adapted infrastructure and materials for students with disabilities; (e) basic drinking water; (f) single- sex basic sanitation

facilities; and (g) basic Plan Mapping the National Development handwashing facilities (as per the WASH indicator definitions) 144

Sustainable SDG Targets SDG Indicators Development Goal

Goal 4. Ensure 4.b By 2020, substantially 4.b.1 Volume of official inclusive and expand globally the number development assistance equitable quality of scholarships available flows for scholarships by education to developing countries, in sector and type of study and promote particular least developed lifelong learning countries, small island developing opportunities for all States and African countries, for enrolment in higher education, including vocational training

4.c By 2030, substantially increase 4.c.1 Proportion of teachers in (a) the supply of qualified teachers, pre-primary; (b) primary; including through international (c) lower secondary; and (d) cooperation for teacher training upper secondary education in developing countries, who have received at least especially least developed the minimum organized

to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development countries and small island teacher training (e.g. developing States pedagogical training) pre-service or in-service required for teaching at the relevant level in a given country Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development 145

Sustainable SDG Targets SDG Indicators Development Goal

Goal 5. Achieve 5.1 End all forms of discrimination 5.1.1 Whether or not legal gender equality and against all women and girls frameworks are in place empower all women everywhere to promote, enforce and and girls monitor equality and non- discrimination on the basis of sex

5.2 Eliminate all forms of violence 5.2.1 Proportion of ever-partnered against all women and girls in women and girls aged 15 the public and private spheres, years and older subjected including trafficking and sexual to physical, sexual or and other types of exploitation psychological violence by a current or former intimate partner in the previous 12 months, by form of violence and by age

5.2.2 Proportion of women and Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development girls aged 15 years and older subjected to sexual violence by persons other than an intimate partner in the previous 12 months, by age and place of occurrence

5.3 Eliminate all harmful practices, 5.3.1 Proportion of women such as child, early and forced aged 20–24 years who marriage and female genital were married or in a union mutilation before age 15 and before age 18

5.3.2 Proportion of girls and

women aged 15–49 years Plan Mapping the National Development who have undergone female genital mutilation/ cutting, by age

5.4 Recognize and value unpaid 5.4.1 Proportion of time spent care and domestic work on unpaid domestic and through the provision of care work, by sex, age and public services, infrastructure location and social protection policies and the promotion of shared responsibility within the household and the family as nationally appropriate 146

Sustainable SDG Targets SDG Indicators Development Goal

Goal 5. Achieve 5.5 Ensure women’s full and 5.5.1 Proportion of seats held gender equality and effective participation and equal by women in (a) national opportunities for leadership at parliaments and (b) local all levels of decision- making in governments political, economic and public life empower all women and girls

5.6 Ensure universal access to sexual 5.6.1 Proportion of women aged and reproductive health and 15–49 years who make their reproductive rights as agreed in own informed decisions accordance with the Programme regarding sexual relations, of Action of the International contraceptive use and Conference on Population and reproductive health care Development and the Beijing 5.6.2 Number of countries with Platform for Action and the laws and regulations that outcome documents of their guarantee full and equal review conferences to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development access to women and men aged 15 years and older to sexual and reproductive health care, information and education

5.a Undertake reforms to give 5.a.1 (a) Proportion of total women equal rights to economic agricultural population resources, as well as access to with ownership or secure ownership and control over land rights over agricultural and other forms of property, land, by sex; and (b) financial services, inheritance and share of women among natural resources, in accordance owners or rights-bearers of with national laws agricultural land, by type of tenure

Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development 5.a.2 Proportion of countries where the legal framework (including customary law) guarantees women’s equal rights to land ownership and/or control

5.b Enhance the use of enabling 5.b.1 Proportion of individuals technology, in particular, who own a mobile information and communications telephone, by sex technology, to promote the empowerment of women 147

Sustainable SDG Targets SDG Indicators Development Goal

Goal 5. Achieve 5.c Adopt and strengthen sound 5.c.1 Proportion of countries gender equality and policies and enforceable with systems to track and empower all women legislation for the promotion make public allocations and girls of gender equality and the for gender equality and empowerment of all women and women’s empowerment girls at all levels

Sustainable SDG Targets SDG Indicators Development Goal

Goal 6. Ensure 6.1 By 2030, achieve universal and 6.1.1 Proportion of population availability and equitable access to safe and using safely managed sustainable affordable drinking water for all drinking water services management of Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development water and sanitation 6.2 By 2030, achieve access to 6.2.1 Proportion of population for all adequate and equitable using safely managed sanitation and hygiene for all sanitation services, and end open defecation, paying including a hand-washing special attention to the needs of facility with soap and water women and girls and those in vulnerable situations

6.3 By 2030, improve water quality by 6.3.1 Proportion of wastewater reducing pollution, eliminating safely treated dumping and minimizing the 6.3.2 Proportion of bodies of release of hazardous chemicals water with good ambient and materials, halving the water quality proportion of untreated

wastewater and substantially Plan Mapping the National Development increasing recycling and safe reuse globally

6.4 By 2030, substantially increase 6.4.1 Change in water-use water-use efficiency across all efficiency over time sectors and ensure sustainable 6.4.2 Level of water stress: withdrawals and supply of freshwater withdrawal as freshwater to address water a proportion of available scarcity and substantially reduce freshwater resources the number of people suffering from water scarcity 148

Sustainable SDG Targets SDG Indicators Development Goal

Goal 6. Ensure 6.5 By 2030, implement integrated 6.5.1 Degree of integrated water availability and water resources management resources management sustainable at all levels, including through implementation (0–100) management of transboundary cooperation as water and sanitation appropriate 6.5.2 Proportion of transboundary for all basin area with an operational arrangement for water cooperation

6.6 By 2020, protect and restore 6.6.1 Change in the extent of water-related ecosystems, water-related ecosystems including mountains, forests, over time wetlands, rivers, aquifers and lakes

6.a By 2030, expand international 6.a.1 Amount of water- and

to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development cooperation and capacity- sanitation-related building support to developing official development countries in water- and assistance that is part of a sanitation-related activities and government- coordinated programmes, including water spending plan harvesting, desalination, water efficiency, wastewater treatment, recycling and reuse technologies

6.b Support and strengthen 6.b.1 Proportion of local the participation of local administrative units with communities in improving water established and operational and sanitation management policies and procedures for participation of local communities in water and

Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development sanitation management 149

Sustainable SDG Targets SDG Indicators Development Goal

Goal 7. Ensure access 7.1 By 2030, ensure universal access 7.1.1 Proportion of population to affordable, reliable, to affordable, reliable and with access to electricity sustainable and modern energy services modern energy for all 7.1.2 Proportion of population with primary reliance on clean fuels and technology

7.2 By 2030, increase substantially 7.2.1 Renewable energy share the share of renewable energy in in the total final energy the global energy mix consumption

7.3 By 2030, double the global rate of 7.3.1 Energy intensity measured improvement in energy efficiency in terms of primary energy and GDP

7.a By 2030, enhance international 7.a.1 International financial flows cooperation to facilitate access to developing countries in Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development to clean energy research and support of clean energy technology, including renewable research and development energy, energy efficiency and renewable energy and advanced and cleaner production, including in fossil-fuel technology, and hybrid systems promote investment in energy infrastructure and clean energy technology

7.b By 2030, expand infrastructure 7.b.1 Investments in energy and upgrade technology efficiency as a proportion for supplying modern and of GDP and the amount of sustainable energy services foreign direct investment for all in developing countries, in financial transfer in particular, least developed for infrastructure and Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development countries, small island developing technology to sustainable States and landlocked developing development services countries, in accordance with their respective programmes of support 150

Sustainable SDG Targets SDG Indicators Development Goal

Goal 8. Promote 8.1 Sustain per capita economic 8.1.1 Annual growth rate of real sustained, inclusive growth in accordance with GDP per capita and sustainable national circumstances and, in economic growth, particular, at least 7 per cent full and productive gross domestic product growth employment and per annum in the least developed decent work for all countries

8.2 Achieve higher levels of 8.2.1 Annual growth rate of real economic productivity through GDP per employed person diversification, technological upgrading and innovation, including through a focus on high-value-added and labour- intensive sectors

8.3 Promote development-oriented 8.3.1 Proportion of informal to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development policies that support productive employment in non- activities, decent job creation, agriculture employment, entrepreneurship, creativity and by sex innovation, and encourage the formalization and growth of micro-, small- and medium-sized enterprises, including through access to financial services

8.4 Improve progressively, through 8.4.1 Material footprint, material 2030, global resource efficiency in footprint per capita, and consumption and production and material footprint per GDP endeavour to decouple economic growth from environmental 8.4.2 Domestic material degradation, in accordance consumption, domestic with the 10-Year Framework of Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development material consumption per Programmes on Sustainable capita, and domestic Consumption and Production, with developed countries taking the lead

8.5 By 2030, achieve full and 8.5.1 Average hourly earnings productive employment and of female and male decent work for all women and employees, by occupation, men, including for young people age and persons with and persons with disabilities, and disabilities equal pay for work of equal value 8.5.2 Unemployment rate, by sex, age and persons with disabilities 151

Sustainable SDG Targets SDG Indicators Development Goal

Goal 8. Promote 8.6 By 2020, substantially reduce 8.6.1 Proportion of youth sustained, inclusive the proportion of youth not (aged 15–24 years) not in and sustainable in employment, education or education, employment or economic growth, training training full and productive 8.7 Take immediate and effective 8.7.1 Proportion and number of employment and measures to eradicate forced children aged 5–17 years decent work for all labour, end modern slavery and engaged in child labour, by human trafficking and secure sex and age the prohibition and elimination of the worst forms of child labour, including recruitment and use of child soldiers, and by 2025 end child labour in all its forms

8.8 Protect labour rights and 8.8.1 Frequency rates of fatal promote safe and secure working and non- fatal occupational environments for all workers, injuries, by sex and migrant Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development including migrant workers, in status particular, women migrants, and 8.8.2 Level of national those in precarious employment compliance with labour rights (freedom of association and collective bargaining) based on International Labour Organization (ILO) textual sources and national legislation by sex and migrant status Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development 152

Sustainable SDG Targets SDG Indicators Development Goal

Goal 9. Build resilient 9.1 Develop quality, reliable, 9.1.1 Proportion of the rural infrastructure, sustainable and resilient population promote inclusive infrastructure, including regional 9.1.2 Passenger and freight and sustainable and transborder infrastructure, to volumes, by mode of industrialization and support economic development transport foster innovation and human well-being, with a focus on affordable and equitable access for all

9.2 Promote inclusive and 9.2.1 Manufacturing value-added sustainable industrialization as a proportion of GDP and and, by 2030, significantly raise per capita industry’s share of employment and gross domestic product, in 9.2.2 Manufacturing employment line with national circumstances, as a proportion of total and double its share in least employment

to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development developed countries

9.3 Increase the access of small-scale 9.3.1 Proportion of small-scale industrial and other enterprises, industries in particular in developing 9.3.2 Proportion of small-scale countries, to financial services, industries with a loan or including affordable credit, and line of credit their integration into value chains and markets

9.4 By 2030, upgrade infrastructure 9.4.1 CO2 emission per unit of and retrofit industries to make value-added them sustainable, with increased resource-use efficiency and greater adoption of clean

Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development and environmentally sound technologies and industrial processes, with all countries taking action in accordance with their respective capabilities 153

Sustainable SDG Targets SDG Indicators Development Goal

Goal 9. Build resilient 9.5 Enhance scientific research, 9.5.1 Research and development infrastructure, upgrade the technological promote inclusive capabilities of industrial sectors 9.5.2 Researchers (in full-time and sustainable in all countries, in particular equivalent) per million industrialization and developing countries, including, inhabitants foster innovation by 2030, encouraging innovation and substantially increasing the number of research and development workers per 1 million people and public and private research and development spending

9.a Facilitate sustainable and 9.a.1 Total official international resilient infrastructure support (official development in developing development assistance

countries through enhanced plus other official flows) to Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development financial, technological and infrastructure technical support to African countries, least developed countries, landlocked developing countries and small island developing States

9.b Support domestic technology 9.b.1 Proportion of medium and development, research and high-tech industry value innovation in developing added in total value-added countries, including by ensuring a conducive policy environment for, inter alia, industrial diversification and value addition to commodities Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development 9.c Significantly increase access to 9.c.1 Proportion of population information and communications covered by a mobile technology and strive to provide network, by technology universal and affordable access to the Internet in least developed countries by 2020 154

Sustainable SDG Targets SDG Indicators Development Goal

Goal 10. Reduce 10.1 By 2030, progressively achieve 10.1.1 Growth rates of household inequality within and and sustain income growth of expenditure or income among countries the bottom 40 per cent of the per capita among the population at a rate higher than bottom 40 per cent of the the national average population and the total population

10.2 By 2030, empower and promote 10.2.1 Proportion of people the social, economic and political living below 50 per cent inclusion of all, irrespective of of median income, by age, sex, disability, race, ethnicity, sex, age and persons with origin, religion or economic or disabilities other status

10.3 Ensure equal opportunity and 10.3.1 Proportion of population reduce inequalities of outcome, reporting having personally including by eliminating felt discriminated against to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development discriminatory laws, policies or harassed in the previous and practices and promoting 12 months on the basis of a appropriate legislation, policies ground of discrimination and action in this regard prohibited under international human rights law

10.4 Adopt policies, especially fiscal, 10.4.1 Labour share of GDP, wage and social protection comprising wages and policies, and progressively social protection transfers achieve greater equality

10.5 Improve the regulation and 10.5.1 Financial Soundness monitoring of global financial Indicators markets and institutions and strengthen the implementation

Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development of such regulations

10.6 Ensure enhanced representation 10.6.1 Proportion of members and and voice for developing voting rights of developing countries in decision-making in countries in international global international economic organizations and financial institutions in order to deliver more effective, credible, accountable and legitimate institutions 155

Sustainable SDG Targets SDG Indicators Development Goal

Goal 10. Reduce 10.7 Facilitate orderly, safe, regular 10.7.1 Recruitment cost borne by inequality within and and responsible migration and employee as a proportion among countries mobility of people, including of yearly income earned in through the implementation the country of destination of planned and well-managed 10.7.2 Number of countries migration policies that have implemented well- managed migration policies

10.a Implement the principle of 10.a.1 Proportion of tariff lines special and differential treatment applied to imports from for developing countries, in least developed countries particular, least developed and developing countries countries, in accordance with with zero-tariff World Trade Organization agreements to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development 10.b Encourage official development 10.b.1 Total resource flows for assistance and financial development, by recipient flows, including foreign direct and donor countries and investment, to States where the type of flow (e.g. official need is greatest, in particular, development assistance, least developed countries, African foreign direct investment countries, small island developing and other flows) States and landlocked developing countries, in accordance with their national plans and programmes

10.c By 2030, reduce to less than 3 10.c.1 Remittance costs as a per cent the transaction costs proportion of the amount of migrant remittances and remitted

eliminate remittance corridors Plan Mapping the National Development with costs higher than 5 per cent 156

Sustainable SDG Targets SDG Indicators Development Goal

Goal 11. Make 11.1 By 2030, ensure access for 11.1.1 Proportion of urban population cities and human all to adequate, safe and living in slums, informal settlements inclusive, affordable housing and basic settlements or inadequate safe, resilient and services and upgrade slums housing sustainable 11.2 By 2030, provide access to 11.2.1 Proportion of population that safe, affordable, accessible has convenient access to public and sustainable transport transport, by sex, age and systems for all, improving persons with disabilities road safety, notably by expanding public transport, with special attention to the needs of those in vulnerable situations, women, children, persons with disabilities and to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development older persons

11.3 By 2030, enhance 11.3.1 Ratio of land consumption rate inclusive and sustainable to population urbanization and capacity 11.3.2 Proportion of cities with a direct for participatory, integrated participation structure of civil and sustainable human society in urban planning and settlement planning and management that operate management in all countries regularly and democratically

11.4 Strengthen efforts to protect 11.4.1 Total expenditure (public and and safeguard the world’s private) per capita spent on cultural and natural heritage the preservation, protection and conservation of all cultural and natural heritage, by type Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development of heritage (cultural, natural, mixed and World Heritage Centre designation), level of government (national, regional and local/municipal), type of expenditure (operating expenditure/investment) and type of private funding (donations in kind, private non- profit sector and sponsorship) 157

Sustainable SDG Targets SDG Indicators Development Goal

Goal 11. Make 11.5 By 2030, significantly reduce 11.5.1 Number of deaths, missing cities and human the number of deaths and the persons and directly settlements inclusive, number of people affected and affected persons attributed safe, resilient and substantially decrease the direct to disasters per 100,000 sustainable economic losses relative to global population gross domestic product caused 11.5.2 Direct economic loss by disasters, including water- in relation to global related disasters, with a focus on GDP, damage to critical protecting the poor and people infrastructure and number in vulnerable situations of disruptions to basic services, attributed to disasters

11.6 By 2030, reduce the adverse per 11.6.1 Proportion of urban solid capita environmental impact waste regularly collected of cities, including by paying and with adequate final special attention to air quality discharge out of total urban Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development and municipal and other waste solid waste generated, by management cities

11.6.2 Annual mean levels of fine particulate matter (e.g. PM2.5 and PM10) in cities (population weighted)

11.7 By 2030, provide universal 11.7.1 Average share of the built- access to safe, inclusive and up area of cities that is accessible, green and public open space for public use spaces, in particular for women for all, by sex, age and and children, older persons and persons with disabilities persons with disabilities

11.7.2 Proportion of persons Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development victim of physical or sexual harassment, by sex, age, disability status and place of occurrence, in the previous 12 months

11.a Support positive economic, social 11.a.1 Proportion of population and environmental links between living in cities that urban, peri-urban and rural areas implement urban and by strengthening national and regional development regional development planning plans integrating population projections and resource needs, by size of city 158

Sustainable SDG Targets SDG Indicators Development Goal

Goal 11. Make 11.b By 2020, substantially increase 11.b.1 Number of countries that cities and human the number of cities and human adopt and implement settlements inclusive, settlements adopting and national disaster risk safe, resilient and implementing integrated policies reduction strategies in line sustainable and plans towards inclusion, with the Sendai Framework resource efficiency, mitigation for Disaster Risk Reduction and adaptation to climate 2015–2030 change, resilience to disasters, 11.b.2 Proportion of local and develop and implement, in governments that adopt line with the Sendai Framework and implement local for Disaster Risk Reduction disaster risk reduction 2015–2030, holistic disaster risk strategies in line with management at all levels national disaster risk reduction strategies

11.c Support least developed 11.c.1 Proportion of financial to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development countries, including through support to the least financial and technical assistance, developed countries in building sustainable and that is allocated to resilient buildings utilizing local the construction and materials retrofitting of sustainable, resilient and resource- efficient buildings utilizing local materials Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development 159

Sustainable SDG Targets SDG Indicators Development Goal

Goal 12. Ensure 12.1 Implement the 10-Year 12.1.1 Number of countries with sustainable Framework of Programmes on sustainable consumption consumption and Sustainable Consumption and and production (SCP) production Production Patterns, all countries national action plans or patterns taking action, with developed SCP mainstreamed as a countries taking the lead, taking priority or a target into into account the development national policies and capabilities of developing countries

12.2 By 2030, achieve the sustainable 12.2.1 Material footprint, material management and efficient use of footprint per capita, and natural resources material footprint per GDP

12.2.2 Domestic material consumption, domestic material consumption to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development per capita, and domestic material consumption per GDP

12.3 By 2030, halve per capita global 12.3.1 Global food loss index food waste at the retail and consumer levels and reduce food losses along production and supply chains, including post- harvest losses

12.4 By 2020, achieve the 12.4.1 Number of parties to environmentally sound international multilateral management of chemicals and environmental agreements all wastes throughout their life on hazardous waste, and cycle, in accordance with agreed other chemicals that meet

international frameworks, and their commitments and Plan Mapping the National Development significantly reduce their release obligations in transmitting to air, water and soil in order to information as required by minimize their adverse impacts each relevant agreement on human health and the 12.4.2 Hazardous waste environment generated per capita and proportion of hazardous waste treated, by type of treatment 160

Sustainable SDG Targets SDG Indicators Development Goal

Goal 12. Ensure 12.5 By 2030, substantially reduce 12.5.1 National recycling rate, tons sustainable waste generation through of consumption and prevention, reduction, recycling material recycled production and reuse patterns 12.6 Encourage companies, 12.6.1 Number of companies especially large and transnational publishing sustainability companies, to adopt sustainable reports practices and to integrate sustainability information into their reporting cycle

12.7 Promote public procurement 12.7.1 Number of countries practices that are sustainable, in implementing sustainable accordance with national policies public procurement and priorities policies and action plans

to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development 12.8 By 2030, ensure that people 12.8.1 Extent to which (i) global everywhere have the relevant citizenship education information and awareness for and (ii) education for sustainable development and sustainable development lifestyles in harmony with nature (including climate change education) are mainstreamed in (a) national education policies; (b) curricula; (c) teacher education; and (d) student assessment

12.a Support developing countries 12.a.1 Amount of support to to strengthen their scientific developing countries and technological capacity to on research and move towards more sustainable development for

Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development patterns of consumption and sustainable consumption production and production and environmentally sound technologies

12.b Develop and implement 12.b.1 Number of sustainable tools to monitor sustainable tourism strategies or development impacts for policies and implemented sustainable tourism that creates action plans with agreed jobs and promotes local culture monitoring and evaluation and products tools 161

Sustainable SDG Targets SDG Indicators Development Goal

Goal 12. Ensure 12.c Rationalize inefficient fossil- 12.c.1 Amount of fossil-fuel sustainable fuel subsidies that encourage subsidies per unit of consumption and wasteful consumption by GDP (production and production removing market distortions, consumption) and as a patterns in accordance with national proportion of total national circumstances, including by expenditure on fossil fuels restructuring taxation and phasing out those harmful subsidies, where they exist, to reflect their environmental impacts, taking fully into account the specific needs and conditions of developing countries and minimizing the possible adverse impacts on their development in a manner that protects the poor

and the affected communities Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development 162

Sustainable SDG Targets SDG Indicators Development Goal

Goal 13. Take urgent 13.1 Strengthen resilience and 13.1.1 Number of deaths, missing action to combat adaptive capacity to climate- persons and directly climate change and related hazards and natural affected persons attributed its impacts disasters in all countries to disasters per 100,000 population

13.1.2 Number of countries that adopt and implement national disaster risk reduction strategies in line with the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030

13.1.3 Proportion of local governments that adopt and implement local to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development disaster risk reduction strategies in line with national disaster risk reduction strategies

13.2 Integrate climate change 13.2.1 Number of countries that measures into national policies, have communicated strategies and planning the establishment or operationalization of an integrated policy/ strategy/ plan which increases their ability to adapt to the adverse impacts of climate change, and foster climate resilience and low greenhouse gas emissions Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development development in a manner that does not threaten food production (including a national adaptation plan, nationally determined contribution, national communication, biennial update report or other) 163

Sustainable SDG Targets SDG Indicators Development Goal

Goal 13. Take urgent 13.3 Improve education, awareness- 13.3.1 Number of countries action to combat raising and human and institutional that have integrated climate change capacity on climate change mitigation, adaptation, and its impacts mitigation, adaptation, impact impact reduction and reduction and early warning early warning into primary, secondary and tertiary curricula

13.3.2 Number of countries that have communicated the strengthening of institutional, systemic and individual capacity-building to implement adaptation, mitigation and technology transfer, and development

actions Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development

13.a Implement the commitment 13.a.1 Mobilized amount of United undertaken by developed- States dollars per year country parties to the United between 2020 and 2025 Nations Framework Convention accountable towards the on Climate Change to a goal of $100 billion commitment mobilizing jointly $100 billion annually by 2020 from all sources to address the needs of developing countries in the context of meaningful mitigation actions and transparency on implementation and fully operationalize the Green Climate Fund through its capitalization as soon as possible Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development 13.b Promote mechanisms for raising 13.b.1 Number of least developed capacity for effective climate countries and small island change-related planning and developing States that management in least developed are receiving specialized countries and small island support, and amount of developing States, including support, including finance, focusing on women, youth and local technology and capacity- and marginalized communities building, for mechanisms for raising capacities for effective climate change- related planning and management, including focusing on women, youth and local and marginalized communities 164

Sustainable SDG Targets SDG Indicators Development Goal

Goal 14. Conserve and 14.1 By 2025, prevent and 14.1.1 Index of coastal sustainably significantly reduce marine eutrophication and floating use the oceans, seas pollution of all kinds, in particular plastic debris density and marine resources from land-based activities, for sustainable including marine debris and development nutrient pollution

14.2 By 2020, sustainably manage 14.2.1 Proportion of national and protect marine and coastal exclusive economic zones ecosystems to avoid significant managed using ecosystem- adverse impacts, including by based approaches strengthening their resilience, and take action for their restoration in order to achieve healthy and productive oceans

14.3 Minimize and address the 14.3.1 Average marine acidity (pH) to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development impacts of ocean acidification, measured at agreed suite including through enhanced of representative sampling scientific cooperation at all levels stations

14.4 By 2020, effectively regulate 14.4.1 Proportion of fish stocks harvesting and end overfishing, within biologically illegal, unreported and sustainable levels unregulated fishing and destructive fishing practices and implement science-based management plans, in order to restore fish stocks in the shortest time feasible, at least to levels that can produce maximum sustainable yield as determined by their biological characteristics Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development 14.5 By 2020, conserve at least 10 14.5.1 Coverage of protected areas per cent of coastal and marine in relation to marine areas areas, consistent with national and international law and based on the best available scientific information 165

Sustainable SDG Targets SDG Indicators Development Goal

Goal 14. Conserve and 14.6 By 2020, prohibit certain forms 14.6.1 Progress by countries in the sustainably of fisheries subsidies which degree of implementation use the oceans, seas contribute to overcapacity and of international and marine resources overfishing, eliminate subsidies instruments aiming to for sustainable that contribute to illegal, combat illegal, unreported development unreported and unregulated and unregulated fishing fishing and refrain from introducing new such subsidies, recognizing that appropriate and effective special and differential treatment for developing and least developed countries should be an integral part of the World Trade Organization fisheries subsidies negotiations

14.7 By 2030, increase the 14.7.1 Sustainable fisheries as a Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development economic benefits to small proportion of GDP in small island developing States and island developing States, least developed countries from least developed countries the sustainable use of marine and all countries resources, including through sustainable management of fisheries, aquaculture and tourism

14.a Increase scientific knowledge, 14.a.1 Proportion of total research develop research capacity and budget allocated to transfer marine technology, research in the field of taking into account marine technology the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission

Criteria and Guidelines on the Plan Mapping the National Development Transfer of Marine Technology, in order to improve ocean health and to enhance the contribution of marine biodiversity to the development of developing countries, in particular small island developing States and least developed countries 166

Sustainable SDG Targets SDG Indicators Development Goal

Goal 14. Conserve and 14.b Provide access for small-scale 14.b.1 Progress by countries in sustainably artisanal fishers to marine the degree of application use the oceans, seas resources and markets of a legal/regulatory/policy/ and marine resources institutional framework for sustainable which recognizes and development protects access rights for small-scale fisheries

14.c Enhance the conservation and 14.c.1 Number of countries sustainable use of oceans and making progress in their resources by implementing ratifying, accepting international law as reflected in and implementing the United Nations Convention through legal, policy and on the Law of the Sea, which institutional frameworks, provides the legal framework for ocean-related instruments the conservation and sustainable that implement

to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development use of oceans and their resources, international law, as as recalled in paragraph 158 of reflected in the United “The future we want Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, for the conservation and sustainable use of the oceans and their resources Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development 167

Sustainable SDG Targets SDG Indicators Development Goal

Goal 15. Protect, 15.1 By 2020, ensure the conservation, 15.1.1 Forest area as a proportion restore and promote restoration and sustainable use of of total land area sustainable use of terrestrial and inland freshwater terrestrial ecosystems, ecosystems and their services, sustainably manage in particular forests, wetlands, forests, combat mountains and drylands, in desertification, and line with obligations under halt and reverse land international agreements 15.1.2 Proportion of important degradation and halt sites for terrestrial and biodiversity loss freshwater biodiversity that are covered by protected areas, by ecosystem type

15.2 By 2020, promote the 15.2.1 Progress towards implementation of sustainable sustainable forest management of all types of management forests, halt deforestation, to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development restore degraded forests and substantially increase afforestation and reforestation globally

15.3 By 2030, combat desertification, 15.3.1 Proportion of land that is restore degraded land and degraded over total land soil, including land affected by area desertification, drought and floods, and strive to achieve a land degradation- neutral world

15.4 By 2030, ensure the 15.4.1 Coverage by protected conservation of mountain areas of important sites for ecosystems, including their mountain biodiversity biodiversity, in order to enhance 15.4.2 Mountain Green Cover their capacity to provide benefits Plan Mapping the National Development Index 15.5.1 Red List Index that are essential for sustainable development

15.5 Take urgent and significant 15.5.1 Red List Index action to reduce the degradation of natural habitats, halt the loss of biodiversity and, by 2020, protect and prevent the extinction of threatened species 168

Sustainable SDG Targets SDG Indicators Development Goal

Goal 15. Protect, 15.6 Promote fair and equitable 15.6.1 Number of countries that restore and promote sharing of the benefits arising have adopted legislative, sustainable use of from the utilization of genetic administrative and policy terrestrial ecosystems, resources and promote frameworks to ensure fair sustainably manage appropriate access to such and equitable sharing of forests, combat resources, as internationally benefits desertification, and agreed halt and reverse land 15.7 Take urgent action to end 15.7.1 Proportion of traded wildlife degradation and halt poaching and trafficking of that was poached or illicitly biodiversity loss protected species of flora and trafficked fauna and address both demand and supply of illegal wildlife products

15.8 By 2020, introduce measures 15.8.1 Proportion of countries to prevent the introduction and adopting relevant national to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development significantly reduce the impact of legislation and adequately invasive alien species on land and resourcing the prevention water ecosystems and control or or control of invasive alien eradicate the priority species species

15.9 By 2020, integrate ecosystem 15.9.1 Progress towards national and biodiversity values into targets established in national and local planning, accordance with Aichi development processes, poverty Biodiversity Target 2 of reduction strategies and the Strategic Plan for accounts Biodiversity 2011–2020

15.a Mobilize and significantly 15.a.1 Official development increase financial resources assistance and from all sources to conserve and public expenditure sustainably use biodiversity and on conservation

Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development ecosystems and sustainable use of biodiversity and ecosystems

15.b Mobilize significant resources 15.b.1 Official development from all sources and at all assistance and levels to finance sustainable public expenditure forest management and on conservation provide adequate incentives to and sustainable use developing countries to advance of biodiversity and such management, including for ecosystems conservation and reforestation 169

Sustainable SDG Targets SDG Indicators Development Goal

Goal 15. Protect, 15.c Enhance global support for 15.c.1 Proportion of traded restore and promote efforts to combat poaching and wildlife that was poached sustainable use of trafficking of protected species, or illicitly trafficked terrestrial ecosystems, including by increasing the sustainably manage capacity of local communities forests, combat to pursue sustainable livelihood desertification, and opportunities halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss

Sustainable SDG Targets SDG Indicators Development Goal

Goal 16. Promote 16.1 Significantly reduce all forms of 16.1.1 Number of victims of Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development peaceful and violence and related death rates intentional homicide per inclusive societies for everywhere 100,000 population, by sex sustainable and age development, provide access to 16.1.2 Conflict-related deaths per justice for all and 100,000 population, by sex, build effective, age and cause accountable and 16.1.3 Proportion of population inclusive institutions subjected to physical, at all levels psychological or sexual violence in the previous 12 months

16.1.4 Proportion of population that feel safe walking alone Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development around the area they live 170

Sustainable SDG Targets SDG Indicators Development Goal

Goal 16. Promote 16.2 End abuse, exploitation, 16.2.1 Proportion of children aged peaceful and trafficking and all forms of 1–17 years who experienced inclusive societies for violence against and torture of any physical punishment sustainable children and/or psychological development, provide aggression by caregivers in access to the past month justice for all and 16.2.2 Number of victims of build effective, human trafficking per accountable and 100,000 population, by inclusive institutions sex, age and form of at all levels exploitation

16.2.3 Proportion of young women and men aged 18– 29 years who experienced sexual violence by age 18 to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development 16.3 Promote the rule of law at the 16.3.1 Proportion of victims of national and international levels violence in the previous 12 and ensure equal access to months who reported their justice for all victimization to competent authorities or other officially recognized conflict resolution mechanisms

16.3.2 Unsentenced detainees as a proportion of overall prison population

16.4 By 2030, significantly reduce 16.4.1 Total value of inward and illicit financial and arms flows, outward illicit financial strengthen the recovery and flows (in current United return of stolen assets and States dollars) Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development combat all forms of organized 16.4.2 Proportion of seized, found crime or surrendered arms whose illicit origin or context has been traced or established by a competent authority in line with international instruments 171

Sustainable SDG Targets SDG Indicators Development Goal

Goal 16. Promote 16.5 Substantially reduce 16.5.1 Proportion of persons who had at peaceful and corruption and bribery in least one contact with a public inclusive societies for all their forms official and who paid a bribe to a sustainable public official, or were asked for development, provide a bribe by those public officials, access to during the previous 12 months justice for all and build effective, 16.5.2 Proportion of businesses that had accountable and at least one contact with a public inclusive institutions official and that paid a bribe to a at all levels public official, or were asked for a bribe by those public officials during the previous 12 months

16.6 Develop effective, 16.6.1 Primary government expenditures accountable and as a proportion of original transparent institutions at approved budget, by sector (or by Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development all levels budget codes or similar)

16.6.2 Proportion of population satisfied with their last experience of public services

16.7 Ensure responsive, 16.7.1 Proportions of positions (by sex, inclusive, participatory and age, persons with disabilities representative decision- and population groups) in public making at all levels institutions (national and local legislatures, public service, and judiciary) compared to national distributions

16.7.2 Proportion of population who believe decision- making is Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development inclusive and responsive, by sex, age, disability and population group

16.8 Broaden and strengthen 16.8.1 Proportion of members and voting the participation of rights of developing countries in developing countries in international organizations the institutions of global governance 172

Sustainable SDG Targets SDG Indicators Development Goal

Goal 16. Promote 16.9 By 2030, provide legal identity 16.9.1 Proportion of children peaceful and for all, including birth registration under 5 years of age whose inclusive societies for births have been registered sustainable with a civil authority, by age development, provide 16.10 Ensure public access to 16.10.1 Number of verified cases access to information and protect of killing, kidnapping, justice for all and fundamental freedoms, in enforced disappearance, build effective, accordance with national arbitrary detention and accountable and legislation and international torture of journalists, inclusive institutions agreements associated media at all levels personnel, trade unionists and human rights advocates in the previous 12 months

16.10.2 Number of countries that to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development adopt and implement constitutional, statutory and/or policy guarantees for public access to information

16.a Strengthen relevant national 16.a.1 Existence of independent institutions, including through national human rights international cooperation, for institutions in compliance building capacity at all levels, with the Paris Principles in particular in developing countries, to prevent violence and combat terrorism and crime

16.b Promote and enforce non- 16.b.1 Proportion of population discriminatory laws and policies reporting having personally

Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development for sustainable development felt discriminated against or harassed in the previous 12 months on the basis of a ground of discrimination prohibited under international human rights law 173

Sustainable SDG Targets SDG Indicators Development Goal

Goal 17. Strengthen Finance the means of implementation and 17.1 Strengthen domestic resource 17.1.1 Total government revenue revitalize the Global mobilization, including through as a proportion of GDP, by Partnership international support to source developing countries, to improve for Sustainable 17.1.2 Proportion of domestic domestic capacity for tax and Development budget funded by other revenue collection domestic taxes

17.2 Developed countries to 17.2.1 Net official development implement fully their official assistance, total and development assistance to least developed commitments, including countries, as a proportion the commitment by many of the Organization for developed countries to achieve Economic Cooperation the target of 0.7 per cent of and Development (OECD)

gross national income for official Development Assistance Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development development assistance (ODA/ Committee donors’ gross GNI) to developing countries national income (GNI) and 0.15 to 0.20 per cent of ODA/ GNI to least developed countries; ODA providers are encouraged to consider setting a target to provide at least 0.20 per cent of ODA/ GNI to least developed countries

17.3 Mobilize additional financial 17.3.1 Foreign direct investment resources for developing (FDI), official development countries from multiple sources assistance and South-South cooperation as a proportion of total domestic budget Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development 17.3.2 Volume of remittances (in United States dollars) as a proportion of total GDP 174

Sustainable SDG Targets SDG Indicators Development Goal

Goal 17. Strengthen 17.4 Assist developing countries 17.4.1 Debt service as a proportion the means of in attaining long- term of exports of goods and implementation and debt sustainability through services revitalize the Global coordinated policies aimed at Partnership fostering debt financing, debt for Sustainable relief and debt restructuring, as Development appropriate, and address the external debt of highly indebted poor countries to reduce debt distress

17.5 Adopt and implement 17.5.1 Number of countries that investment promotion regimes adopt and implement for least developed countries investment promotion regimes for least developed countries to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development Technology

17.6 Enhance North-South, South- 17.6.1 Number of science and/or South and triangular regional technology cooperation and international cooperation agreements and on and access to science, programmes between technology and innovation and countries, by type of enhance knowledge- sharing cooperation on mutually agreed terms, 17.6.2 Fixed Internet broadband including through improved subscriptions per 100 coordination among existing inhabitants, by speed mechanisms, in particular at the United Nations level, and through a global technology facilitation mechanism

Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development dissemination and diffusion of for developing countries to environmentally sound promote the development, technologies to developing transfer, dissemination countries on favourable terms, and diffusion of including on concessional and environmentally sound preferential terms, as mutually technologies agreed 175

Sustainable SDG Targets SDG Indicators Development Goal

Goal 17. Strengthen 17.8 Fully operationalize the 17.8.1 Proportion of individuals the means of technology bank and science, using the Internet implementation and technology and innovation revitalize the Global capacity-building mechanism Partnership for least developed countries for Sustainable by 2017 and enhance the use of Development enabling technology, in particular information and communications technology

Capacity-building

17.9 Enhance international support 17.9.1 Dollar value of financial for implementing effective and and technical assistance targeted capacity-building in (including through North- developing countries to support South, South-South and national plans to implement all triangular cooperation) to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development the Sustainable Development committed to developing Goals, including through countries North- South, South-South and triangular cooperation

Trade

17.10 Promote a universal, rules- 17.10.1 Worldwide weighted tariff- based, open, non- discriminatory average and equitable multilateral trading system under the World Trade Organization, including through the conclusion of negotiations under its Doha Development Agenda

17.11 Significantly increase the 17.11.1 Developing countries’ and Plan Mapping the National Development exports of developing countries, least developed countries’ in particular with a view to share of global exports doubling the least developed countries’ share of global exports by 2020 176

Sustainable SDG Targets SDG Indicators Development Goal

Goal 17. Strengthen 17.12 Realize timely implementation 17.12.1 Average tariffs faced by the means of of duty-free and quota-free developing countries, least implementation and market access on a lasting basis developed countries and revitalize the Global for all least developed countries, small island developing Partnership consistent with World Trade States for Sustainable Organization decisions, including Development by ensuring that preferential rules of origin applicable to imports from least developed countries are transparent and simple, and contribute to facilitating market access

Systemic issues Policy and institutional coherence

17.13 Enhance global macroeconomic 17.13.1 Macroeconomic to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development stability, including through Dashboard policy coordination and policy coherence

17.14 Enhance policy coherence for 17.14.1 Number of countries with sustainable development mechanisms in place to enhance policy coherence of sustainable development

17.15 Respect each country’s 17.15.1 Extent of use of country- policy space and leadership to owned results frameworks establish and implement policies and planning tools by for poverty eradication and providers of development sustainable development cooperation

Multi-stakeholder partnerships

Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development 17.16 Enhance the Global Partnership 17.16.1 Number of countries for Sustainable Development, reporting progress in multi- complemented by multi- stakeholder development stakeholder partnerships that effectiveness monitoring mobilize and share knowledge, frameworks that support expertise, technology and the achievement of the financial resources, to support Sustainable Development the achievement of the Goals Sustainable Development Goals in all countries, in particular developing countries 177

Sustainable SDG Targets SDG Indicators Development Goal

Goal 17. Strengthen 17.17 Encourage and promote 17.17.1 Amount of United States the means of effective public, public- private dollars committed to implementation and and civil society partnerships, public-private and civil revitalize the Global building on the experience society partnerships Partnership and resourcing strategies of for Sustainable partnerships Development 17.18 By 2020, enhance capacity- 17.18.1 Proportion of sustainable building support to developing development indicators countries, including for least produced at the developed countries and small national level with full island developing States, to disaggregation when increase significantly the relevant to the target, availability of high-quality, timely in accordance with the and reliable data disaggregated Fundamental Principles of by income, gender, age, race, Official Statistics

ethnicity, migratory status, Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development 17.18.2 Number of countries that disability, geographic location have national statistical and other characteristics relevant legislation that complies in national contexts with the Fundamental Principles of Official Statistics

17.18.3 Number of countries with a national statistical plan that is fully funded and under implementation, by source of funding

17.19 By 2030, build on existing 17.19.1 Dollar value of all initiatives to develop resources made available measurements of progress on to strengthen statistical

sustainable development that capacity in developing Plan Mapping the National Development complement gross domestic countries product, and support statistical 17.19.2 Proportion of countries capacity-building in developing that (a) have conducted countries at least one population and housing census in the last 10 years; and (b) have achieved 100 per cent birth registration and 80 per cent death registration 178

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NOTES to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development 181 to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development 182 to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development 183 to the United Nations and African the United to Agendas Union Sustainable Development Mapping the National Development Plan Mapping the National Development