RURAL Icts in SOUTH AFRICA
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WORKING PAPER Information and communication NO. 13 technologies (ICTs), appropriately adapted, help improve the livelihoods of poor individuals, families and communities in rural areas and increase their income opportunities, thereby improving their chances of escaping from persistent poverty. This Knowledge Map helps understand what we know, both from research and from experience in the field, and what do donor staff and their country counterparts most urgently need to know about these issues. In addition, it provides ENHANCING THE LIVELIHOODS OF recommendations on the use and THE RURAL POOR THROUGH ICT: role of ICT in enhancing the livelihoods of the rural poor. A KNOWLEDGE MAP South Africa Country Study June 2008 WORKING PAPER NO. 13, 2008 About infoDev's working papers series: These short papers represent work commissioned by infoDev that has not been through infoDev's peer review and formal publication processes. infoDev makes such reports available as informal 'working papers' to share information or ideas about a given topic, in case doing so may be of any interest or utility to practitioners working in related fields. WORKING PAPER NO. 13, 2008 ENHANCING THE LIVELIHOODS OF THE RURAL POOR THROUGH ICT: A KNOWLEDGE MAP South Africa Country Report June 2008 Prepared by: Louis Fourie Edited by: Kerry McNamara Table of Contents List of Tables ........................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. List of Figures ......................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Acronyms ................................................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. Executive Summary ................................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. I. Introduction ..................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. I.1 Research team ...................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. I.2 Research questions and methods ......................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. I.3 Limitations ............................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. I.4 Data collection method .......................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. I.5 Outputs .................................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. II. Background on South Africa .......................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. II.1 Population ............................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. II.2 Economy ............................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. II.3 Economic development indicators ......................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. II.4 ICTs in South Africa ............................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. II.5 Universal access through information/telecommunications centresError! Bookmark not defined. III. Problem Statement .......................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. IV. Findings: Priority Knowledge Needs of Key Stakeholder GroupsError! Bookmark not defined. IV.1 Priority needs and role of donors ........................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. IV.2 Priority needs and roles of national-level policy makers ......... Error! Bookmark not defined. IV.3 Priority needs and roles of technology providers ................... Error! Bookmark not defined. IV.4 Priority needs and roles of CSOs and media ......................... Error! Bookmark not defined. IV.5 Priority needs and roles of end users/beneficiaries ................ Error! Bookmark not defined. V. General Findings and Priority Knowledge Needs ......................... Error! Bookmark not defined. V.1 Key themes ........................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. V.2 General findings .................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. VI. Conclusions..................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. VI.1 Improvement of the livelihoods of the rural poor through ICTs Error! Bookmark not defined. VI.2 Existing knowledge and lessons learnt from the field ............. Error! Bookmark not defined. VI.3 Further research and analysis for informed policy and investmentError! Bookmark not defined. VI.4 A final word ............................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. VII. Recommendations .......................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. List of sources ........................................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. Annexes Annex l: Household Survey (ICT Active and Inactive Users) ............... Error! Bookmark not defined. Annex 2: Semi-structured Questionnaire/Interview Guide 1 ................ Error! Bookmark not defined. Annex 3: Semi-structured Questionnaire/Interview Guide 2 ................ Error! Bookmark not defined. Annex 4: List of Interviewees ................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. Annex 5: Country Workshop Report ..................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Annex 6: Sample Frame ......................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Annex 7: 2006 Mid-year Population Estimates for SA .......................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Annex 8: South African Tax Revenue Changes in Source ................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Annex 9: Household Income as Per Capita Income ............................. Error! Bookmark not defined. Annex 10: Unemployment by Province ................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. Annex 11: Summary of Labour Market Outcomes for 1995-2003 ........ Error! Bookmark not defined. Annex 12: South Africa’s Human Development Index 2004 ................. Error! Bookmark not defined. Annex 13: Selected Indicators of Human Poverty for South Africa .... Error! Bookmark not defined. Annex 14: SA Government Holdings in the ICT sector ........................ Error! Bookmark not defined. Annex 15: Coverage of Cell Phone Providers ....................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Annex 16: Private Radio Stations .......................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Annex 17: Community Radio Broadcasting .......................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Annex 18: Press Groups and News Agencies ...................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Annex 19: Biggest Weekly and Daily Newspapers July-December 2005Error! Bookmark not defined. Annex 20: MPCC Stakeholders .............................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. Annex 21: MPCC Numbers and Estimated Population Served ............ Error! Bookmark not defined. Annex 22: Telecentres by Province ....................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Annex 23: Cyberlabs in South Africa .................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Annex 24: PITs by Province and Coverage ........................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Annex 26: Public Libraries ..................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Annex 27: Socioeconomic Impact/Benefits of Mobile Phones ............ Error! Bookmark not defined. Annex 28: Findings of Field Visit 1: Kannaland .................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Annex 29: Findings of Field Visit 2: Kopanong .................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Annex 30: Case Study: Thusong Service Centres (MPCCs) ................ Error! Bookmark not defined. Annex 31: Case Study: PITs ................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. List of Tables Table 1: Population and land area by province .................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 2: Social grants for 2006 .............................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 3: Licensees according to Telecommunications Amendment Act of 2001Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 4: South African newspaper market (2006) ................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 5: International donor organisations ........................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 6: International donors' needs ..................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 7: Local donors' needs ................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 8: Needs of national, provincial and local-level policymakers .. Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 9: Needs of technology providers ............................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 10: Needs of beneficiaries ...........................................................