<<

!1

REFERENCES

Abbott, G R, McDuling, J J, Parsons, S & Schoeman, J C. 2007. Building conditions assessment: A performance evaluation tool towards sustainable asset management. Proceedings of the CIB World Building Congress, Construction for Development, 14–17 May, Cape Town. Available at: http://researchspace.csir.co.za/dspace/handle/10204/1233 ActionAid . 2016. Running on Empty: What Business, Government and Citizens must do to confront South Africa’s Water Crisis. Report written by Changing Markets based on contributions by Pegasys Institute, Dr A Turton, Dr A du Plessis, J Walker & S Swanepoel, for the Water Interrupted Campaign. Johannesburg: ActionAid South Africa. AGSA (Auditor-General of South Africa). 2015. Consolidated General Report on National and Provincial Audit Outcomes for 2014–15. Pretoria: AGSA. Boshoff, L. 2009. Municipal Infrastructure Asset Care in South Africa: A Reality Check. Available at: http://iatconsulting.co.za/Publications/ Municipal%20Asset%20Care%20in%20South%20Africa_A%20Reality%20Check.pdf Bukula, T. 2008. Policy and regulatory issues – getting it right. Paper presented at the 2008 Electricity Distribution Maintenance Summit, 9–10 June. Centre for Policy and Regulation, South African Maritime Safety Authority (SAMSA). 2016. Ports Services – Industry Profile. Available at: http://www.samsa.org.za Chinnappen, E. 2015. Under-investment in rail transport. Paper presented at the African Association of Public Transport (UATP) Workshop on Best Practice in Africa, 20–22 October, Cape Town. Cluse, R & Orford, J. 2008. UBS Investment Research: South Africa Strategy. London: UBS Limited. CoGTA (Department of Cooperative Governance and Traditional Affairs). 2015. Annual Report 2014/15. Pretoria: CoGTA. CoGTA (Department of Cooperative Government and Traditional Affairs). 2014. Report on the Right to Access Sufficient Water and Decent Sanitation in South Africa: 2014. Pretoria: CoGTA. CSIR (Council for Scientific and Industrial Research). 1997. The Damage Effect of Overloaded Heavy Vehicles on Roads. Pretoria: CSIR. CSIR (Council for Scientific and Industrial Research). 2013. 10th Annual State of Logistics Survey for South Africa. Pretoria: CSIR. CSIR (Council for Scientific and Industrial Research). 2014a. Port of Richards Bay: Photographic monitoring of the North and South Breakwater. CSIR Report No. CSIR/ BE/HIE/IR/2014/008/B. Pretoria: CSIR Built Environment. !2

CSIR (Council for Scientific and Industrial Research). 2014b. Port of Durban: Monitoring and Damage Analysis of the North and South Breakwater. CSIR Report No. CSIR/BE/ HIE/ER/2014/0054/B. Pretoria: CSIR Built Environment. CSIR (Council for Scientific and Industrial Research). 2015a. Port of East London: Photographic Survey of the Main Breakwater. CSIR Report No. CSIR/BE/HIE/ER/ 2014/0045/B. Pretoria: CSIR Built Environment. CSIR (Council for Scientific and Industrial Research). 2015b. Port of Elizabeth: Photographic monitoring of the Main Breakwater. CSIR Report No. CSIR/BE/HIE/ER/ 2015/0076/B. Pretoria: CSIR Built Environment. CSIR (Council for Scientific and Industrial Research). 2016a. Port of Mossel Bay: Photographic Monitoring of the Main Breakwater. CSIR Report No. CSIR/BE/HIE/IR/ 2016/0050/B. Pretoria: CSIR Built Environment. CSIR (Council for Scientific and Industrial Research). 2016b. Port of Cape Town: Aerial Photographic Survey and Damage Assessment of the Dolos Armour Protection on the Main Breakwater and at the Ben Schoeman Dock. CSIR Report No. CSIR/BE/HIE/ER/ 2016/0036/B. Pretoria: CSIR Built Environment. CSIR (Council for Scientific and Industrial Research). 2016c. Port of Saldanha: Photographic, Topographic and Bathymetric Monitoring of the Spending Beach Breakwater. CSIR Report No. CSIR/BE/HIE/ER/2016/0076/B. Pretoria: CSIR Built Environment. Daily Maverik. Medupi2016. Medupi and Kusile and the massive cost overrun. Available at: http://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2016-07-07-medupi-kusile-and-the-massive- costtime-overrun/#.V8cZfeQkpxI DBSA (Development Bank of South Africa). 2005. Condition Assessment of TVET Colleges. Johannesburg, DBSA. DBSA (Development Bank of South Africa). 2006. The DBSA Infrastructure Barometer. Johannesburg, DBSA. DBSA (Development Bank of South Africa). 2012b. State of Economic Infrastructure. Johannesburg: DBSA. DBSA (Development Bank South Africa) and DPME (Department of Performance Monitoring and Evaluation) 2012c. The State of South Africa’s Economic Infrastructure: Opportunities and Challenges. Johannesburg: DBSA. Available at: http://http:// www.gov.za/sites/http://www.gov.za/files/ State%20of%20SAs%20Economic%20Infrastructure%20Report%202012a.pdf !3

DBSA (Development Bank South Africa). 2008. Infrastructure Barometer 2008. Chapter 5: Implications of the accelerated spend on social infrastructure – health sector. Johannesburg: DBSA, Development Planning Division, pp 146–175. DBSA (Development Bank South Africa). 2012a. Infrastructure Barometer 2012. Johannesburg: DBSA, Development Planning Division. De Beer, W. 2008. Operational perspective on the Electricity Distribution Industry turnaround. Paper presented at the 2008 Electricity Distribution Maintenance Summit, 9–10 June. De Beer, W. 2009. The importance of maintenance. Paper presented at the Operations & Maintenance Forum, 20 August. DEA (Department of Environmental Affairs) 2010a. National Climate Change Response Green Paper. Pretoria: DEA. DEA (Department of Environmental Affairs) 2014b. National Standards for the Extraction, Flaring or Recovery of Landfill Gas. Pretoria: DEA. May. DEA (Department of Environmental Affairs). 2009. National Policy on Thermal Treatment of General and Hazardous Waste. Pretoria: DEA. July. DEA (Department of Environmental Affairs). 2010b. National Waste Management Strategy: First draft for public comment. Pretoria: DEA. March. DEA (Department of Environmental Affairs). 2011a. National Domestic Waste Collection Standards. Pretoria: DEA. January. DEA (Department of Environmental Affairs). 2011b. National Waste Management Strategy. Pretoria: DEA. November. DEA (Department of Environmental Affairs). 2011c. National Policy for the Provision of Basic Refuse Removal Services to Indigent Households. Pretoria: DEA. June. DEA (Department of Environmental Affairs). 2012a. National Waste Information Baseline Report. Pretoria: DEA. DEA (Department of Environmental Affairs). 2012b. Municipal Waste Sector Plan. Pretoria: DEA. DEA (Department of Environmental Affairs). 2012c. REDISA Integrated Industry Waste Tyre Management Plan. Pretoria: DEA. DEA (Department of Environmental Affairs). 2013a. National Norms and Standards for the Assessment of Waste for Landfill Disposal. Pretoria: DEA. August. DEA (Department of Environmental Affairs). 2013b. National Norms and Standards for Disposal of Waste to Landfill. Pretoria: DEA. August. !4

DEA (Department of Environmental Affairs). 2013c. National Norms and Standards for the Storage of Waste. Pretoria: DEA. August. DEA (Department of Environmental Affairs). 2013d. National Standards for the Scrapping or Recovery of Motor Vehicles. Pretoria: DEA. November. DEA (Department of Environmental Affairs). 2014a. State of the Environment, Chapter 5: Human Settlements. Pretoria: DEA. DEA (Department of Environmental Affairs). 2014b. National Norms and Standards for the Remediation of Contaminated Land and Soil Quality. Pretoria: DEA. May. DEA (Department of Environmental Affairs). 2016c. 2nd South Africa Environment Outlook. A Report on the State of the Environment. Pretoria: DEA. DEA (Department of Environmental Affairs). 2016d. National Pricing Strategy for Waste Management. Pretoria: DEA. DEA (Department of Environmental Affairs). 2017. Waste Information Today, Issue 36, April. Pretoria. Available at: http://www.sawic.environment.gov.za/documents/7067.pdf DEAT (Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism). 2000. White Paper on Integrated Pollution and Waste Management for South Africa. Pretoria: DEAT. March. DEAT (Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism). 2010. Groundwater Potential. Pretoria: DEAT. Available at: http://soer.deat.gov.za/Themes.aspx?m=291 Department of Education and Sports Development, North West. 2015. Infrastructure Plan for Education Sector for the Period 2015–2030. Mmabatho: DESD. Department of Education, Eastern Cape. 2015. Approach to the Implementation of the Regulations relating to Minimum Uniform Norms & Standards for Public School Infrastructure. East London: ECDOE. Department of Education, Free State. 2015. Implementation Plan for the Minimum Uniform Norms and Standards for Public School Infrastructure in the Free State. Bloemfontein: FSDOE. Department of Education, Gauteng. 2015. Determination of the Current Infrastructure Backlogs based on the Regulations relating to Minimum Uniform Norms and Standards for Public School Infrastructure. Pretoria: GDOE. Department of Education, KwaZulu-Natal. 2015. Implementation Plan for the Elimination of Public School Infrastructure Backlogs in the Province of KwaZulu-Natal as Identified through the Regulations Relating to Minimum Uniform Norms and Standards for Public School Infrastructure. Promulgated in Terms of the South African Schools Act, 1996 (Act No. 84 of 1996). Pietermaritzburg: KZNDOE. !5

Department of Education, Mpumalanga. 2015. Infrastructure Backlogs Implementation Plan. Nelspruit: MDOE. Department of Education, Northern Cape. 2015. Norms and Standards Report. Kimberley: NCDOE. Department of Education, Western Cape. 2014. The Proposed Strategy for the Elimination of Public School Infrastructure Backlogs in the Western Cape as Identified Through the Regulations Relating to Minimum Uniform Norms and Standards for Public School Infrastructure Promulgated in Terms of the South African Schools Act, 1996 (Act No. 84 of 1996). Cape Town: WCDOE. Department of the National Treasury. 2010. Local Government Budgets 2009/10 Financial Year Second Quarter. Local Government Section 71 Report. Pretoria: National Treasury. Department of the National Treasury. 2011. Local Government Budget and Expenditure Review. Pretoria: National Treasury. Department of the National Treasury. 2012. Budget Review, 22 February 2012. Pretoria: National Treasury. Available at: http://www.treasury.gov.za/documents/ national%20budget/2012/review Department of the National Treasury. 2013. Budget Review, 27 February 2013. Pretoria: National Treasury. Available at: http://www.treasury.gov.za/documents/ national%20budget/2013/review Department of the National Treasury. 2014. Budget Review, 26 February 2014. Pretoria: National Treasury. Available at: http://www.treasury.gov.za/documents/ national%20budget/2014/review Department of the National Treasury. 2015. Budget Review, 25 February 2015. Pretoria: National Treasury. Available at: http://www.treasury.gov.za/documents/ national%20budget/2015/review Department of the National Treasury. 2016. Budget Review, 24 February 2016. Pretoria: National Treasury. Available at: http://www.treasury.gov.za/documents/ national%20budget/2016/review DHET (Department of Higher Education and Training). 2011. HESA Infrastructure Study. Pretoria: DHET. DHET (Department of Higher Education and Training). 2012a. Annual Performance Plan 2013/14. Pretoria: DHET. Available at: http://www.dhet.gov.za DHET (Department of Higher Education and Training). 2012b. Report on the Ministerial Committee for the Review of the Provision of Student Housing at South African Universities. Pretoria: DHET. Available at: http://www.dhet.gov.za !6

DHET (Department of Higher Education and Training). 2015. Statistics on Post-School Education and Training in South Africa. Pretoria: DHET. Available at: http:// www.dhet.gov.za DME (Department of Minerals and Energy). 2003. Electricity Basic Services Support Tariff (Free Basic Electricity) Policy for the Republic of South Africa. Pretoria: DME. DME (Department of Minerals and Energy). 2007. Free Basic Alternative Energy Policy (Households Energy Support Programme). Pretoria: DME. DoBE (Department of Basic Education) 2016b. NEIMS Standard Report June 2016. Pretoria: DoBE. DoBE (Department of Basic Education). 2013. NEIMS Standard Reports March 2013. Pretoria: DoBE. DoBE (Department of Basic Education). 2015a. NEIMS Standard Reports May 2015. Pretoria: DoBE. DoBE (Department of Basic Education). 2015b. Action Plan to 2019 Towards the Realisation of Schooling 2030. Pretoria: DoBE. DoBE (Department of Basic Education). 2016a. School Master List, 2016. Pretoria: DoBE. DoBE (Department of Basic Education). 2016c. Accelerated School Infrastructure Delivery Initiative. Pretoria: DoBE. Available at: http://www.education.gov.za/Programmes/ ASIDI.aspx DoBE (Department of Basic Education). 2016d. Education sector continues to make progress in delivering school infrastructure, 14 July 2016. DoBE Media release. Available at: http://www.education.gov.za/Newsroom/MediaRelease/tabid/347/ctl/Details/mid/3963/ ItemID/4061/Default.aspx DoBE (Department of Basic Education). 2016e. Basic Education Department appeals for teaching and learning to be restored to Vuwani, 15 June 2016. DoBE Media release. Available at: http://www.education.gov.za/Newsroom/MediaRelease/tabid/347/ctl/ Details/mid/3963/ItemID/4051/Default.aspx Dobrowsky, P H, Van Deventer, A, Lombard, M, De Kwaadsteniet, M, Khan, W & Cloete, T E 2014. Quality of Harvested Rainwater and Application of Point of Use Treatment Systems. WRC Report TT 603/14. Pretoria: Water Research Commission. DoE (Department of Energy). 2013. Integrated Resource Plan 2010–2030. Update report. Pretoria: DoE. DoE (Department of Energy). 2015a. Nuclear energy in South Africa. Energy Advocacy, Issue 1. !7

DoE (Department of Energy). 2015b. State of Renewable Energy in South Africa. Pretoria: DoE. DOT (Department of Transport). 2015c. National Rail Policy – Green Paper. Pretoria: DOT. DOT (Department of Transport). 2016. National Transport Master Plan. Pretoria: DOT. DPME (Department of Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation) 2014. Development Indicators. Pretoria: DPME. Du Plessis, J A, Burger, A J, Swartz, C D & Musee, N. 2006. A Desalination Guide for South African Municipal Engineers. WRC Report TT 266/06. Pretoria: Water Research Commission. Duffy, F & Henney, A. 1989. The Changing City. London: Bullstrode. Duncker, L & Kruger, T. 2012. Close-out Report ASWSD1: Amathole and OR Tambo District Municipalities, June 2012. Report to the Department of Science and Technology (DST). Pretoria: CSIR. Duncker, L C. 2013. Research Report on the Perceptions of Rainwater Harvesting in Kharkams High School, Kamiesberg Local Municipality, Northern Cape. CSIR Report No. CSIR/BE/SPS/IR/2013/0026/A. Pretoria: CSIR Built Environment. Duncker, L. 2011. Assessment in Amathole District Municipality of the use of the Ceramic Filters – March 2011: Summary of Key Findings. Report to the Department of Science and Technology (DST). Pretoria: CSIR. DWA (Department of Water Affairs). 2010a. Annual Report 2009/10. Pretoria: DWA. DWA (Department of Water Affairs). 2010b. National Groundwater Strategy Newsletter No. 5: Groundwater in the National Water Balance. Pretoria: DWA. DWA (Department of Water Affairs). 2011a. Local Government Budgets and Expenditure Review. Pretoria: DWA DWA (Department of Water Affairs). 2011b. Resource-directed Management of Water Quality. Planning Level Review of Water Quality in South Africa. Sub-series No. WQP 2.0. Pretoria: Directorate Water Resource Planning Systems: Water Quality Planning, DWA. DWA (Department of Water Affairs). 2012. Report on the Status of Sanitation in South Africa. Pretoria: DWA. DWA (Department of Water Affairs). 2013a. National Water Resources Strategy, 2nd ed. Report NWRS2. Pretoria: DWA. DWA (Department of Water Affairs). 2013b. Strategic Overview of the Water Sector in South Africa. Pretoria: DWA. !8

DWA (Department of Water Affairs). No Date. The Blue Drop and No Drop Handbook. Pretoria: DWA. Available at: https://www.dwaf.gov.za/dir_ws/dwqr/ subscr/ ViewComDoc.asp?Docid=604 DWAF (Department of Water Affairs and Forestry) 2009. Water Quality Regulation Strategy. Pretoria: DWAF. DWAF (Department of Water Affairs and Forestry). 2003. Strategic Framework for Water Services. Pretoria: DWAF. DWS (Department of Water and Sanitation). 2015a. National Annual Report, 2014/15. Pretoria: DWS. DWS (Department of Water and Sanitation). 2015b. Strategic Overview of the Water Services Sector in South Africa 2015. Version 4, January. Pretoria: DWS. DWS (Department of Water and Sanitation). 2015c. 2014 Green Drop Progress Report – Executive Summary. Pretoria: DWS. Available at: http://www.dwa.gov.za/Documents/ Executive%20 Summary%20for%20the%202013%20Green%20Drop%20Report.pdf DWS (Department of Water and Sanitation). 2016a. Annual Report 2015/16. Pretoria: DWS. DWS (Department of Water and Sanitation). 2016b. War on Leaks programme seeks ways to best approach the challenges facing South Africa. Available at: http://www.dwa.gov.za/ Archives/Articles2016.aspx DWS (Department of Water and Sanitation). 2016c. National Sanitation Policy. Pretoria: DWS. Available at: http://www.gpwonline.co.za DWS (Department of Water and Sanitation). 2016d. Strategic Overview of the Water Sector in South Africa. Version 1.7, March. Pretoria: DWS. Dyer, L & Von Holdt, C. 2008. Infrastructure asset management and benchmarking to address electricity distribution service delivery challenges. Paper presented at the 2008 Electricity Distribution Maintenance Summit, 9–10 June. Ekane, N, Nykvist, B, Kjellén, M, Noel, S & Weitz, N. 2014. Multi-level Sanitation Governance: Understanding and Overcoming the Challenges in the Sanitation Sector in Sub-Saharan Africa. Stockholm, Sweden: Stockholm Environment Institute. Electronic National Administration Traffic Information System. 2017. Available at: http:// www.enatis.com Engineering News. 2017. REDISA placed under liquidation. Available at: http:// www.engineeringnews.co.za/article/redisa-placed-under-liquidation-2017-06-05 Eskom. 2010. Integrated Report 2010. Available at: http://www.eskom.co.za Eskom. 2015. Annual Report 2015. Available at: http://www.eskom.co.za Eskom. 2016a. Integrated Report 2016. Available at: http://www.eskom.co.za !9

Eskom. 2016b. Integrated Report 2016. Available at: http://www.eskom.co.za Eskom. 2016c. Transmission Development Plan, 2016–2025. Sunninghill, Johannesburg: Eskom. Estache, A & Garsous, G. 2012. The impact of infrastructure on growth in developing countries. Washington, DC: IFC Economics. FIN 24. 2016. Eskom under fire as Ingula costs said to baloon, 22 August. Available at: http:// www.fin24.com/Economy/Eskom/eskom-under-fire-as-ingula-costs-said-to-balloon-to- r36bn-20160822 FIN24. 2015. Coega announces LNG-to-power plant, 11 August. Available at: http:// www.fin24.co.za Free Market Foundation. 2014. NDP is the Radical Energy Plan the President has called for. Available at: http://www.polity.co.za Gautrain Management Agency. 2014. Annual Report 2014. Midrand: Gautrain Management Agency. Gautrain Management Agency. 2015. Annual Report 2015. Midrand: Gautrain Management Agency. Gautrain Management Agency. 2016. Annual Report 2016. Midrand: Gautrain Management Agency. Gautrain website. 2009. Track construction. Available at: http://www.gautrain.co.za/ construction/2009/07/track-construction GeoGroup website. 2016. Geomechanics Success Story – Gautrain. Available at: http:// www.geogroup.co.za/geomechanics-success-story-gautrain GreenCape. 2014. GreenCape Market Intelligence Report: Water 2014. Cape Town: GreenCape. Available at: http://greencape.co.za/assets/MIR2014-Water.pdf GreenCape. 2016. Waste Economy: Market Intelligence Report 2016. Cape Town: GreenCape. Grönwall, J, Mulenga, M & McGranahan, G. 2010. Groundwater, self-supply and poor urban dwellers. A review with case studies of Bangalore and Lusaka. In: Human Settlements Working Paper, 26. London: International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED). Available at: http://www.sswm.info/sites/default/files/reference_attachments/ GROENWALL%202010 %20Groundwater%20Self%20Supply%20and%20Poor%20Urban%20Dwellers.pdf Hay, E R, Riemann, K, Van Zyl, G & Thompson, I. 2012. Ensuring water supply for all towns and villages in the Eastern Cape and Western Cape Provinces of South Africa. Water SA 38(3). Paper presented at the International Conference on Groundwater: Our Source of !10

Security in an Uncertain Future. Pretoria, 19-21 September. Available at: http:// www.scielo.org.za/pdf/wsa/v38n3/ 10.pdf Herold, C. 2016. Leaks to blame for South Africa’s major water losses. Engineering News, 14 November. Hollingworth, B, Koch, P, Chimuti, & Malzbender, D. 2011. An Investigation into the Water Infrastructure Development Financial Allocation Pathways in Municipalities. WRC Report No. TT 476/10. Pretoria: Water Research Commission. Infrastructure Dialogues. 2015. Water and Sanitation: Municipal Water and Sanitation Infrastructure. Paper presented at the 31st Infrastructure Dialogue Session, 12 February, Pretoria. Infrastructure News. 2016a. Transnet to spend R53.5bn on ports. Available at: http:// www.infrastructurene.ws/2016/06/29/transnet-to-spend-r53-5-bn-on-ports and http:// www.transnetnationalportsauthority.net/OurPorts/Pages/Overview.aspx Infrastructure News. 2016b. Transnet plans to improve competitiveness by going digital. Available at: http://www.infrastructurene.ws/2016/11/18/transnet-plans-to-improve- competitiveness-by-going-digital/# Interact Media Defined. 2016. Budget mystery: How much has been spent this year? Water Sewage & Effluent, 36:6: November/December. Johnson, C. 2008. Sector structural and restructuring issues. Paper presented at the 2008 Electricity Distribution Maintenance Summit, 9–10 June. Joseph, R. 2016. Analysis: When school infrastructure data fails. Africa Check. Available at: https://africacheck.org/2016/04/04/analysis-school-infrastructure-data-fails Jovanovic, S. 2005. Modern Railway Infrastructure Asset Management. Delft: Netherlands: Delft University of Technology. Kibambe, J N. 2007. DEA applied to a Gauteng sample of public hospitals. South African Journal of Economics, 75(2): 351–368. KwaZulu-Natal Department of Transport. 2013. Annual Report 2013. Pietermaritzburg: KZN Department of Transport. KwaZulu-Natal Department of Transport. 2014. Annual Report 2014. Pietermaritzburg: KZN Department of Transport. Laas, L & Botha, C. 2004. Sewage package plants: A viability or a liability for new developments? Proceedings of the 2004 Water Institute of Southern Africa (WISA) Biennial Conference, 2–6 May, Cape Town. !11

Laban, P. 2010. Can local people accept greywater technology? In McIlwaine, S J & Redwood, M (Eds). Greywater Use in the Middle East: Technical, Social, Economic and Policy Issues. Rugby: Practical Action Publishing and London: CSBE. Laing, R. 2017. Power output in South Africa still lags that achieved in July 2007. Business Day, 5 January. Available at: https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/economy/2017-01-05- power-output-in-south-africa-still-lags-that-achieved-in-july-2007 Leads2Business. 2017. Tender condition assessment of the Transnet port terminals. Available at: http://www.l2b.co.za/Tender/Condition-Assessment-of-the-Transnet-Port-Terminals/ 616134 LEDET (Limpopo Economic Development, Environment and Tourism). 2016. Limpopo Environmental Outlook Report 2016, first draft. Polokwane: LEDET. Lishman, D, Anderson, P & Nxumalo, D. 2017. Planning a country’s energy infrastructure: An assessment of key debates emerging in South Africa. Paper presented at the Third Annual Competition & Economic Conference, ACER 2017, 14–15 July, Dar Es Salaam. Lombard, A & Ferreira, S. 2015. Spatial distribution of renewable energy infrastructure in three particular provinces of South Africa. Bulletin of Geography, Socioeconomic Series No. 30. Lüthi, C, McConville, J, Norström, A, Panesar, P, Ingle, R, Saywell, D & Schütze, T. 2009. Rethinking sustainable sanitation for the urban environment. Proceedings of the 4th International Conference of the International Forum on Urbanism. Amsterdam/Delft: IfoU. Available at: http://www.sswm.info/sites/default/files/reference _attachments/ LUETHI%20et%20al%202009%20Rethinking%20Sustainable%20Sanitation%20for%2 0the%20Urban%20Environment.pdf Magubane, K. 2015. Eskom gives councils time to pay up before pulling plug. Business Day, 30 November. Available at: http://www.bdlive.co.za/national/2015/11/30/eskom-gives- councils-time-to-pay-up-before-pulling-plug Mahajan, S. 2014. Economics of South African Townships: Special Focus on Diepsloot. A World Bank Study. Washington, DC: World Bank Group. Available at: http:// documents. worldbank.org/curated/en/2014/08/19925268/economics-south-african- townships-special-focus-diepsloot Mail and Guardian Business. 2016. Eskom must flip the green switch. 19 August. Mail and Guardian. 2016. Energy policy flaps in the wind. 5 August. Maphumulo, S & Fowles, P. 2008. Analysis of the issues affecting maintenance in a municipal electricity environment. Paper presented at the 2008 Electricity Distribution Maintenance Summit, 9–10 June. !12

Matona, T (Chief Executive, Eskom). 2015. Media presentation, 15 January 2015. Available at: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/media-presentation-tshediso-matona-chief- executive-15-van-der-rheede?trk=pulse-det-nav_art McKenzie, R, Siqalaba, Z N & Wegelin, W A. 2013. Counting the lost drops – Study into non-revenue water shows we can do more. The Water Wheel, 12(1): 15. Medupi Power Station website. No Date. Available at: Medupi https://www.en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/Medupi_Power_Station Metrorail website. 2016. Available at: http://www.metrorail.co.za Miya, L & Grobbelaar, S. 2015. Risk-based maintenance of physical assets of water infrastructure: A case study of a municipality. Paper presented at the International Association for Management of Technology (IAMOT) Conference, University of Pretoria. Mjoli, N & Bhagwan, J. No Date. Turning Sanitation Policy into Practice. Report to the WRC. Pretoria: Water Research Commission. Mjoli, N, Sykes, G & Jooste, T. 2009. Towards the Realization of Free Basic Sanitation: Evaluation, Review and Recommendations. WRC Report No. TT 422/09. Pretoria: Water Research Commission. Mpumalanga Provincial Government. 2012. Department of Public Works, Roads and Transport. Annual Report: 2011/12. Nelspruit: Mpumalanga Provincial Government. Mpumalanga Provincial Government. 2013. Department of Public Works, Roads and Transport. Annual Report: 2012/13. Nelspruit: Mpumalanga Provincial Government. Mpumalanga Provincial Government. 2016. Department of Public Works, Roads and Transport. Annual Report: 2015/16. Nelspruit: Mpumalanga Provincial Government. Muller, M. 2015. South Africa is failing to rise to its water challenges. Johannesburg: University of the Witwatersrand. November. National Department of Health. 2012a. Categories of Hospitals. Government Notice No. R185 of March 2012. Pretoria: National Department of Health. National Department of Health. 2012b. The National Health Care Facilities Baseline Audit: National Summary Report. Pretoria: National Department of Health. National Planning Commission. 2011. National Development Plan – Vision for 2030. Available at: http://www.poa.gov.za/.../ NPC%20National%20Development%20Plan%20Vision%202030. NBI (National Business Initiative). 2014. CDP South Africa Water Report 2014. Johannesburg: NBI. !13

NERSA (National Energy Regulator of South Africa). 2007a. Distribution Code. Available at: http://www.nersa.org.za NERSA (National Energy Regulator of South Africa). 2007b. Independent Technical Audit of Eskom Transmission Division. Available at: http://www.nersa.org.za NERSA (National Energy Regulator of South Africa). 2008. The South African Grid Code. Available at: http://www.nersa.org.za NERSA (National Energy Regulator of South Africa). 2009. Electricity Generation: Independent Technical Audits Conducted on Twelve South African Power Stations. Available at: http://www.nersa.org.za Nevin, T. 2017. Electricity distribution on the verge of crisis. Business Day, 12 January. Available at: https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/opinion/2017-01-12-electricity- distribution-on-the-verge-of-crisis News24. 2014. 247 Unlicensed landfills in SA. Available at: http://www.news24.com/Green/ News/247-unlicensed-landfills-in-SA-20141024 News24. 2015. PRASA trains don’t fit. Available at: http://www.city-press.news24.com/ News/Prasa-trains-dont-fit-20150712 Nkosi, D & Nzimande, P. 2009. Update on electricity distribution industry restructuring. Report to the Parliamentary Portfolio Committee on Energy. Pretoria: EDI Holdings. Noah, A. 2008. Towards creating a resilient distribution industry electricity network. Paper presented at the 2008 Electricity Distribution Maintenance Summit, 9–10 June. North West Department of Public Works and Roads. 2015. Strategic Plan 2015–2020. Mmabatho: North West Department of Public Works and Roads. Nortje, B. 2016. Right energy mix is what matters. Business Day, 28 July. Operation Phakisa. 2015. Ideal Clinic Realisation and Maintenance: Final Lab Report. Available at: http://www.pmg.org.za/report/20100504-public-hearings-provincial- departments-helath-under-spending-hospital Palmer, I, Graham, N, Swilling, M, Robinson, B, Eales, E, Fisher-Jeffes, L, Käsner, S & Skeen, J. No Date. South Africa’s Urban Infrastructure Challenge. Contribution to the Integrated Urban Development Framework for the Benchmarking Initiative. Pretoria: CoGTA. Available at: http://www.cogta.gov.za/sites/cogtapub/IUDF%20Library/ IUDF%20INFRASTRUCTURE%20PAPER.pdf Phakathi, B. 2010. Power theft costs Eskom, councils R4,4bn. Business Day, 1 July. Phelp, D & Van Dyk, E. 2012. State of commercial port infrastructure in South Africa. In: The SAICE Infrastructure Report Card 2012. Midrand: SAICE. !14

PICC (Presidential Infrastructure Coordinating Commission). 2102. Summary of the National Infrastructure Plan. Pretoria: PICC. Pienaar, M. 2013. Outcomes from a sewer maintenance backlog investigation. Paper presented at the 2013 Institute of Municipal Engineering of South Africa (IMESA) Conference, Port Elizabeth. Pienaar, R A & Howard, M. 2014. From 50 dump sites to 50 waste disposal facilities – challenges and lessons learnt. Paper presented at the 20th WasteCon Conference, 6–10 October, Somerset West, Cape Town. Ports and Ships. 2016. Port of Saldanha Bay. Available at: http://ports.co.za/saldanha-bay.php PRASA (Passenger Rail Agency of South Africa). 2012. Annual Report – 2011/2012. Johannesburg: PRASA. PRASA (Passenger Rail Agency of South Africa). 2013. Annual Report – 2012/2013. Johannesburg: PRASA. PRASA (Passenger Rail Agency of South Africa). 2014. Annual Report – 2013/2014. Johannesburg: PRASA. PRASA (Passenger Rail Agency of South Africa). 2015. Annual Report – 2014/2015. Johannesburg: PRASA. PRASA (Passenger Rail Agency of South Africa). 2016. About PRASA. Available at: https:// www.prasa.com/About.html PRASA (Passenger Rail Agency of South Africa). 2016. Annual Report – 2015/2016. Johannesburg: PRASA. REDISA. 2016. Presentation to the Standing Committee on Finance, 30 August 2016. Available at: http://www.redisa.org.za/Satellite/ REDISA%20Presentation%20to%20Parliament%2030 Research Channel. 2015. Creamer Media's Road and Rail Report. Engineering News, September. Roads Agency Limpopo. 2014. Annual Report 2013/14. Limpopo, South Africa Roux, M P. 2010. State of solid waste services in South Africa. In: The SAICE Report Card for South Africa 2010. Midrand: SAICE. RSA (Republic of South Africa). 1996. The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, Act No. 108 of 1996. Government Gazette No. 17678. Pretoria: Government Printer. RSA (Republic of South Africa). 1997. National Water Services Act, No. 108 of 1997. Pretoria: Government Printer. RSA (Republic of South Africa). 1998a. Local Government: Municipal Structures Act, No. 117 of 1998. Pretoria: Government Printer. !15

RSA (Republic of South Africa). 1998b. National Water Act, No. 36 of 1998. Pretoria: Government Printer. RSA (Republic of South Africa). 1998c. National Environmental Management Act, No. 107 of 1998. Government Gazette No. 19519, Vol. 401. Government Printer: Pretoria. RSA (Republic of South Africa). 1998d. Local Government: Municipal Structures Act, No. 117 of 1998. Government Gazette No. 19614, Vol. 402. Pretoria: Government Printer. RSA (Republic of South Africa). 1999. Public Finance Management Act, No. 1 of 1999. Pretoria: Government Printer. RSA (Republic of South Africa). 2003. Local Government: Municipal Financial Management Act, No. 56 of 2003. Pretoria: Government Printer. RSA (Republic of South Africa). 2009. National Environmental Management: Waste Act, No. 59 of 2008. Government Gazette No. 32000, Vol. 525. Pretoria: Government Printer. RSA (Republic of South Africa). 2013. Waste Classification and Management Regulations in terms of the National Environmental Management: Waste Act No. 59 of 2008. Government Gazette No. 36784. Pretoria: Government Printer. RSR (). 2015. State of Safety Report 2014/2015. Centurion: RSR. RSR (Railway Safety Regulator). 2016. State of Safety Report. 2015/16. Centurion: RSR. SAHRC (South African Human Rights Commission). 2014. Report on the Right to Access Sufficient Water and Decent Sanitation in South Africa: 2014. Johannesburg: SAHRC. SAICE (South African Institution of Civil Engineering). 2006. The SAICE Infrastructure Report Card for South Africa 2006. Midrand: SAICE. SAICE (South African Institution of Civil Engineering). 2010. The SAICE Infrastructure Report Card for South Africa 2010. Midrand: SAICE. SAICE (South African Institution of Civil Engineering). 2011. The SAICE Infrastructure Report Card for South Africa 2011. Midrand: SAICE. Saldanha Bay Industrial Development Zone. 2015. Transnet, TNPA and Operation Phakisa Infrastructure. Available at: http://www.sbidz.co.za/facilities/transnet-tnpa-and- operation-phakisa-infrastructure-projects SALGA (South Africa Local Government Association). 2015. 15 Years Review of Local Government: Celebrating achievements whilst acknowledging the challenges. Pretoria: SALGA. SALGA (South African Local Government Association). 2015. SALGA Annual Report 2014/15. Report RP: 165/2015. Midrand: SALGA. Available at: http://www.salga.org.za SALGA (South African Local Government Association)/WRC (Water Research Commission). 2015. MBI 2013 Annual Report on Water Services. Midrand: SALGA. !16

SAMSET (Supporting Sub-Saharan African Municipalities with Sustainable Energy Transitions). 2013. Energy and Urbanisation in South Africa: Context Report and Literature Overview. SANRAL (South African National Roads Agency). 2010. 2010 Annual Report. Pretoria: SANRAL. SANRAL (South African National Roads Agency). 2011. 2011 Annual Report. Pretoria: SANRAL. SANRAL (South African National Roads Agency). 2012. 2012 Annual Report. Pretoria: SANRAL. SANRAL (South African National Roads Agency). 2013. 2013 Annual Report. Pretoria: SANRAL. SANRAL (South African National Roads Agency). 2014. 2014 Annual Report. Pretoria: SANRAL. SANRAL (South African National Roads Agency). 2015a. 2015 Annual Report. Pretoria: SANRAL. SANRAL (South African National Roads Agency). 2015b. Strategic Plan 2015/16–2019/20. Pretoria: SANRAL. SANRAL South African National Roads Agency. 2016. 2016 Annual Report. Pretoria: SANRAL. Shai, J. 2013. Provision of basic services at local government increases. Available at: http:// www.statssa.gov.za/?p=1555 Slabbert, A. 2016. Construction in Africa taking strain. Moneyweb Today, 24 November. Solomons, S. 2016. Energy sector headed in a positive direction. Engineering News, 13 May. South African Railways website. No Date. About South African Railways. Available at: http:// www.southafricanrailways.co.za South African Roads Board. 1994. TRH 22. Pavement Management Systems. Pretoria: Committee of State Road Authorities, National Department of Transport. South African Roads Board. 2000. TMH 12. Pavement Management Systems: Standard Visual Assessment Manual for Unsealed Roads. Pretoria: CSIR Transportek. South African Roads Board. 2012. TRH 26. South African Road Classification and Access Management Manual. Pretoria: Committee of Transport Officials, National Department of Transport. Stats SA (Statistics South Africa) 2010a. General Household Survey 2009. Statistical Release P0318. Pretoria: StatSA. Available at: http://www.statssa.gov.za !17

Stats SA (Statistics South Africa) 2014. General Household Survey 2014. Pretoria: StatSA. Available at: http://www.statssa.gov.za Stats SA (Statistics South Africa). 2010b. Non-financial Census of Municipalities for the Year Ended 30 June 2009. Statistical Release P9115. Pretoria: StatSA. Available at: http:// www.statssa.gov.za Stats SA (Statistics South Africa). 2013. Financial Census of Municipalities. Pretoria: StatSA. Available at: http://www.statssa.gov.za Stats SA (Statistics South Africa). 2015. National Accounts. Environmental Economic Accounts Compendium. Pretoria: StatSA. Available at: http://www.statssa.gov.za Stats SA (Statistics South Africa). 2016. Community Survey 2016. Statistical Release P0301. Pretoria: StatSA. Available at: http://www.statssa.gov.za Stats SA (Statistics South Africa). 2017a. Non-financial Census of Municipalities for the year ended 30 June 2016. Statistical Release P9115. Pretoria: StatSA. Available at: http:// www.statssa.gov.za Stats SA (Statistics South Africa). 2017b. General Household Survey 2016. Statistical Release P0318. Pretoria: StatSA. Available at: http://www.statssa.gov.za StatSA (Statistics South Africa). 2011a. General household survey 2011. Pretoria: StatSA. Available at: http://www.statssa.gov.za StatsSA (Statistics South Africa). 2011b. Census 2011. Statistical Release (Revised), P0301.4. Pretoria: StatSA. Available at: http://www.statssa.gov.za Tapela, B N. 2015. Social protests and water service delivery in South Africa: Methodology and results. Paper presented at the National Water Symposium, 16–18 September, Johannesburg. Theobald, S 2016. Eskom defends its turf at hefty price. Business Day, 1 August. Titus, R, Pietersen, K, Williams, M, Adams, S, Xu, Y, Saayman, I & Colvin, C. 2002. Groundwater assessment and strategies for sustainable resource supply in arid zones – The Namaqualand case study. WRC Report No. 721/1/02. Pretoria: Water Research Commission. TNPA (Transnet National Ports Authority). 2017. Update on Infrastructure Projects. Paper presented at the TNPA 2nd Strategic Customer Forum. Available at: http:// www.transnetnationalportsauthority.net/TNPA%20Publicity/ 2nd%20Annual%20Strategic%20Customer%20Conference%202014/ Update%20on%20Infrastructure%20Projects%20Dave%20McGillewie.pdf Trading Economics. 2017. South Africa unemployment rate, 27 August. Available at: http:// www.tradingeconomics.com/south-africa/unemployment-rate !18

Transnet Ltd. 2015a. Annual Results 2015. Available at: https://www.transnet.net/ InvestorRelations/Pages/Annual-Results-2015.aspx Transnet Ltd. 2015b. Operation Phakisa. Paper presented at the Invest in South Africa Oceans Economy Seminar, 6–7 July, London. Available at: https:// www.fbicommunications.com/downloads/ Transnet%20Operation%20Phakisa%20Invest%20in%20SA%20Seminar%20July%2020 15.pdf Transnet Ltd. 2015c. Rail Development Plan. Annual Results 2015. Available at: https:// www.transnet.net/InvestorRelations/Pages/Annual-Results-2015.aspx Transnet Ltd. 2015d. Transnet Integrated Report. Annual Results 2015. Available at: https:// www.transnet.net/InvestorRelations/Pages/Annual-Results-2015.aspx Transnet Ltd. 2016. Transnet National Port Plan 2016. Available at: http:// www.transnetnationalportsauthority.net/Infrastructure%20and%20Port%20 Planning/ Documents/National%20Port%20Plans%202015.pdf Transnet Ltd. 2016a. Transnet Integrated Report. Annual Results 2016. Available at: https:// www.transnet.net/InvestorRelations/Pages/Annual-Results-2016.aspx Transnet Ltd. 2016b. Transnet Sustainability Report, 2016. Available at: http:// www.transnet.net/InvestorRelations/AR2016/2016/downloads/TRANSNET-SR-2016.pdf Transnet SOC Ltd and Transnet Terminals. 2013. Visit by delegation from H E Mr. Andre Kimbuta, Governor of Kinshasa, DRC and his delegation. Available at: http:// www.transnet-tpt.net/Media/Publications%20Paper%20and%20Presentation/ Visit%20by%20DRC.pdf Transnet SOC Ltd. 2015. LTPF. Port Development Plan. Available at: http:// www.transnetnationalportsauthority.net/Infrastructure%20and%20Port%20 Transnet website. No Date. Available at: http://www.transnetnationalportsauthority.net/Legal, %20Risk%20and%20Compliance/NationalPortAct/Pages/Port-Legal-Framework.aspx United Nations Human Settlements Programme. 2011. Infrastructure for Economic Development and Poverty Reduction in Africa. Nairobi: UN-HABITAT. Van der Merwe, N. 2008. The maintenance of electrical supply infrastructure at distribution level. Paper presented at the 2008 Electricity Distribution Maintenance Summit, 9–10 June. Van der Mescht, J & Van Jaarsveld, M. 2012. Addressing operations and maintenance challenges in smaller municipalities. In: IMESA, 2012. Institute of Municipal Engineering of South Africa (IMESA). Available at: http://www.imesa.org.za/wp- content/uploads/2015/08/ Addressing-operations-and-maintenance-challenges-in- smaller-municipalities-Johan-van-der-Mescht-Vela-VKE.pdf !19

Van Wyk, I. 2012. Hydrogeochemical evaluation of water resources and socio-economical assessment of Kamiesberg Local Municipal Area, Northern Cape. MSc Dissertation, University of Stellenbosch. Venter, I. 2013. Gautrain 2012 ridership up 60%, placing ‘severe strain’ on capacity. Engineering News, 9 April. Available at: http://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article Verhaeghe, B. 2011. SAICE Report Card – Road Infrastructure. Pretoria: CSIR Built Environment. Veriava, F. 2014. Schools left in an intolerable infrastructure limbo. Mail and Guardian, 21 February. Available at: http://mg.co.za/article/2014-02-21-schools-left-in-an-intolerable- infrastructure-limbo Vermeulen, T. 2017. General comments on condition of PRASA rail network. [Personal email communication]. Wall, K & Ive, O. 2013. Social franchising partnerships for operation and maintenance of water services: Lessons and experiences from an Eastern Cape pilot. WRC Report No. TT 564/13. Pretoria: Water Research Commission. Western Cape Government Department of Transport and Public Works. 2015. Annual Report 2015-2016. Cape Town: Western Cape Government Department of Transport and Public Works. WHO/UNICEF/JMP. 2014. Progress on Drinking Water and Sanitation: Update 2014. WHO/ UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO Press. Available at: http://www.wssinfo.org/ fileadmin/user_upload/ resources/ JMP_report_2014_webEng.pdf Winkler, H, Howels, M & Alfstad, T. 2005. Identifying and Modelling Options. Energy Policies for Sustainable Development in South Africa. Cape Town: Energy Research Centre, University of Cape Town. WIN-SA. 2015. The Blue Drop: Highlights and trends from 2009 to 2014. Factsheet for WIN-SA Lesson Series, June. Pretoria: Water Research Commission. World Bank. 2009. The South African Urban Agenda: Municipal Infrastructure Finance Synthesis Report, May. Available at: http://www.btrust.org.za/library/assets/uploads/ documents/ 1_Resource%20docs_World%20Bank%20MIIF%20Synthesis%20Report_2009.pdf World Bank. 2016. Toilet Options – Pit latrines. Available at: http://water.worldbank.org/ shw-resource-guide/infrastructure/menu-technical-options/pit-latrines World Economic Forum. 2013. Global Energy Architecture Performance Index Report, 2013. Cologny, Switzerland: World Economic Forum. !20

WSP (Water and Sanitation Program – Africa Region). 2011. An AMCOW Country Status Overview – Water Supply and Sanitation in South Africa: Turning Finance into Services for 2015 and Beyond. Nairobi, Kenya: The World Bank. Yelland, C. 2016. Understanding the cost of electricity from Medupi, Kusile and IPPs. EE Publishers: Energise, 21 July. Available at: http://www.ee.co.za/article/understanding- cost-electricity-medupi-kusile-ipps.html Zhuwakinyu, M. 2012. Creamer Media’s Water Report, 2012. Johannesburg: Research Unit of Creamer Media. Zulu, L. 2016. The rise of China. An example for South Africa. Pan-African News Wire, 11 October. Available at: http://www.anctoday.org.za/rise-china-example-south-africa