The Area Meets page 5 Stanley No. 72 & 72 1½ Chamfer Plane page 12 Thor1as Jefferson s Popla Forest page 16 ' The Ohio Tool Co. page 18 fhe Collim Company page 26 Pennsylvania Grain Reaping Sickles page 30 I 1 Miller's 1872 Patent No. 50 Pow Plane page 36 M WTCA Auxilimy puge 38

M-WTCA.ORG

1 The Stanley 1 To. 72 & 72 2 Chamfer Plane Story begins on page 12

June 2006 No. 123 Chaff From The President

We started the year with 3379 members I happened to meet a fellow going to an antique toy and train in the Membership Directory for 2006. , ·- '' show, and asked him about the trend in that field. He That's an outstanding success for these answered that most of the model train collectors had white times, better than most, and only 10 mem · hair and their numbers were declining. He said young peo­ hers below the number we had in 2005. ple just weren't interested. He personally planned to enjoy The success is due to the extraordinary his passion as long as he could, beyond that he didn't have number of new members that you enrolled any suggestions. I thought his solution wasn't good enough for 2006, almost 100 more than we signed for something as important as collecting old tools. We need up during the same period last year. My to understand and celebrate the important role tools have most sincere thanks to each one of you played in forming our civilization and life style. From the who brought in a new member for 2006. days when we first learned to strap a sharpened piece of flint to a rudimentary wood shaft to make a spear or a chisel to Adding new members who share our enthusiasm' for old the time when we began using our most contemporary tool, tools and the vital role they played in shaping this country the computer, to control machines that make the necessities is the key to the continued vitality of tool collecting and the and niceties of life, tools have played an essential part in the future of the Mid-West Tool Collectors Association. way we live. We must all do everything we can to pass on our appreciation of the vital role they have played to those Even though I am grateful for our success in attracting new who follow. We can each do this in the way that is most members, I admit we have not done as well retaining exist· rewarding for us: by putting on more and better tool shows, ing members. A big part of the loss of existing members may by making presentations about tools, by doing demonstra· be due to the average age of our membership, and the tions, by writing articles, by helping new collectors, or sim­ inevitable consequence of that. But part of the loss may be ply by communicating our enthusiasm for tools in everything due to our failure to express the reasons for our continuing we do in our daily lives. If we do those things well, we will fascination with old tools to some of the newer members. To eventually succeed and the membership will begin to grow be lasting, our dedication to old tools has to be based on again in both numbers and in real appreciation for the something more meaningful than simple pride of ownership. intrinsic value of old tools. --John Wells

The Gristmill Directors Area A AreaM No. 123 June,2006 Eric Mattson, 2006 Chris Berger, 2007 Doug Fowler, 2006 Copyright 2006 by Mid-West Tool Collectors Association, Inc. Hollis Feeser, 2007 Matt Borders, 2008 Gene Epting, 2007 All rights reserved. www.mwtca.org Lee Osterbauer, 2008 AreaG AreaN Editor David E. Heckel AreaB Dennis Eckstein, 2006 Vincent Soukup, 2006 1800 McComb St. Charleston, IL 61920-3137 Gary Kane, 2006 Ray Myers, 2007 William Morgan, 2007 Pete Hartmann, 2007 John Kesterson, 2008 Phil Baker, 2008 Contributing Editor Thomas Lamond Bob Kloes, 2008 Advertising Manager Paul Gorham AreaH AreaO Graphic Design Karen Heckel AreaC John DeLay, 2007 Robert Gilmore, 2006 John Sindelar, 2006 Robert Valich, 2007 The Gristmill is the official publication of the Mid-West Tool Collectors Association, Inc. Del Galofaro, 2007 Areal Allan Foster, 2008 Published quarterly in March, June, September and December. Michael Slasinski, 2008 Bud Blake, 2006 The purpose of the association is to promote the preservation, study and understanding of ancient tools, implements and devices of farm, home, industry and shop of the pioneers; Emery Goad, 2007 AreaP also, to study the crafts in which these objects were used and the craftsmen who used them; AreaD David McDonald, 2008 William Warner, 2006 and to share knowledge and understanding with others, especially where it may benefit Fred Leu, 2006 Jack Zimmerman, 2007 restoration, museums and like institutions. Jim Escher, 2007 AreaJ Vaughn Simmons, 2008 Larry Bolhuis, 2008 Joel Hodapp, 2006 Donald Stark, 2008 President John Wells Lloyd Henley, 2006 1162 Grizzly Peak Blvd., Berkeley, CA 94708-1741 AreaE Rick Kerns, 2008 AreaQ (510) 848-3651 Dave Heckel, 2006 Robert Oehman 2006 Vice-President of Elections GeorgeM-WTCA.ORG Wanamaker Slav Jelesijevich, 2006 AreaK Pat Medley, 2007 312 S. Lafayette, Macomb, IL 61455-2233 Robert Green, 2007 Andy Hart, 2006 David Friday, 2008 (309) 836-6872 Robert Olesen, 2008 Bill Youart, 2007 Vice-President of Meeting Planning Doug Cox Monte Harold, 2008 AreaR 2938 Cynthiana Rd., Georgetown, KY 40324-9272 AreaF Walter Karsten, 2006 (502) 863-1407 Carl Bilderback, 2006 AreaL Martin Donnelly, 2007 Vice-President of Membership Ed Hobbs Norm Heckman, 2006 Dave Fessler, 2008 4417 Inwood Road, Raleigh, NC 27603-3315 (919) 828-2754 Vice-President of Scholarship George Elsass Committee Chairman 1315 Lakeside Place, Worthington, OH 43085-2893 Elections George Wanamaker Family Assistance Don Riley (614) 888-0591 Meeting Planning Doug Cox Marion Henley Award Ron Pearson Treasurer LeRoy Witzel Membership Ed Hobbs Displays & Awards John Walkowiak P.O. Box 355, Humboldt, Iowa 50548-0355 Scholarship George Elsass Address Labels Kerry McCalla (515) 332-3649 GRISTMILL Editor Dave Heckel Publications Mailings Ann Henley Special Publications Jim Conover Preservation & Education Phil Baker Secretary Tom Lamond By-Laws and Policy Ray Nissen Internet Don Bosse 30 Kelsey Place, Lynbrook, NY 11563-1516 Whatsit Jim Mau Scrapbook Barb & Mike (516) 596-1281 Slasinski

2 The Gristmill Coming Up

M-WTCA National Meetings Where to Send What

Spring, 2006 June 15-17, 2006 Rochester, MN Hollis Feeser (507) 282-3175 Please note where to send what so it will reach Fall, 2006 October 26-28, 2006 Chattanooga, TN Doug Cox (502) 863-1407 the right person. Fall, 2007 October 11-13, 2007 Springfield, MO Paul Reichert (417) 831-1425 Send changes in your address, phone number or E-Mail to: KLM Computer Services, c/o 2006 M -WTCA Area Meetings Kerry McCalla, 104 Engle Ct., Franklin, TN 37069, phone (615) 791-6198, E-Mail kmc­ Area C Meet July 15, Kalamazoo, MI Jim Crammond (734) 241-0549 [email protected] Area Q Meet July 22, Raleigh, NC Ed Hobbs (919) 828-2754 Request The Gristmill copies from: Bill Area R Meet Aug. 4-5, Avoca, NY Charles Wirtenson (315) 363-7682 Baader,4183 Hominy Ridge Rd., Springfield, Area E Meet Aug. 6, LaFox, IL Dick Chapman (815) 492-2124 OH 45502-9510, phone (937) 969-8530. AreaA+B Meet Sept. 9-10, Rochester, MN Hollis Feeser (507) 282-3175 Pay membership dues for current year: Send Area D Meet Sept. 17, Cosgrove, IA Jim Escher (319) 656-3931 your check made out to M-WTCA to LeRoy Area E Meet Oct. 1, Summit, IL Ashley Kennedy (847) 475-2481 Witzel, Treasurer, P.O. Box 355 Humboldt, IA Area C Meet Oct. 7, Dearborn, MI Del Galofaro (734) 676-0997 50548-0535 phone (515) 332-3649 E-Mail AreaD Meet Oct. 15, Omaha, NE Fred Leu (402) 592-1907 [email protected] Please write RENEW and Area Q Meet Nov. 4, Charlotte, NC David Fridy (704) 843-5024 your name and address on your check. Do not AreaD Meet Nov. 5, Omaha, NE Fred Leu (402) 592-1907 use a new member application to renew an Area E Meet Nov. 12, Carlinville, IL Bob Terry (618) 377-3421 existing membership. Area N Meet Nov. 25, Blountstown, FL Willard Smith (850) 674-8055 Submit materials to The Gristmill: Send to Area Q Meet Dec. 2, ·Wilmington, NC Al Westmoreland (910) 791-5100 Dave Heckel, 1800 McComb St., Charleston, IL 61920-3137, phone (217) 345-9112 after 6 2007 M-WTCA Area Meetings p.m., E-Mail [email protected] Obtain The Gristmill advertising or informa­ tion: Contact Paul Gorham, 811 Robin Glen, Meet Mar. 3-4, Spencer, IN Matt Borders (812) 824-9318 Area F Indianola, IA 50125, phone (515) 962-5207, E­ Mail [email protected]. Dates must be cleared with Jim Bramel (502) 863-1226 Obtain scholarship information: Contact E-Mail: [email protected] George Elsass 1315 Lakeside Place, Worthington, OH 43085-2893, Phone (614) For more information about Mid-West Tool 888-0591, E-Mail [email protected] Collectors Association visit the web site at www.mwtca.org

AIIIIII Aboooooarrrrd for the Chattanooga Choo Choo by Doug Cox

From all over America "Track 29" leads straight to the full of interesting things and places to see. Some of Chattanooga Train Terminal. Even though the train these would include such places as, "See Rock City", doesn't come to the terminalM-WTCA.ORG anymore, yu'all can. Be "Ruby Falls"' Chickamauga Civil War Battle Site, and makin'rplans to join us in Chattanooga, TN., October the memorial park where the "Trail of Tears" started. 26, 27, 28, 2006, for the M-WTCA semi-annual meet­ There is even a museum of wreckers and tow trucks. ing. This will be one of the most beautiful times in Downtown Chattanooga is available to all who want TN., with all the color in the mountains that com­ to take advantage of the FREE bus that runs every pletely surround Chattanooga. This meeting will be ten minutes. held at the historic Chattanooga Choo Choo Holiday Inn which was built in 1909. When you register at the The men's display theme will be "Railroad Tools, hotel be sure to look up and enjoy the 85-foot, free­ Equipment, and Paraphernalia." The auxiliary theme standing dome. This dome is 68 by 82 feet and covers will be "Childhood Memories". the entire lobby of the hotel. We shur' are expectin yu'all to come on down for some Historic Chattanooga and the surrounding area are Southern Hospitality.

June 2006 3 Committee Reports Preservation & Education by Phil Baker

10,000 hours recorded in our search to determine The purchase of an opportunity box included a carpet time spent by members in volunteering their services stretcher which isn't exactly a hot item. The patent to a museum, historic site or a related worthy cause. date on it of Sept. 20, 1871 gave me reason to hold My guess is it is just the tip of the iceberg. With that until I talked with the Barberville Pioneer Village. in mind the Committee will have a table in the trade Their positive reply will add another artifact to there room this spring when we meet in Rochester. excellent museum depicting life in Florida in the 19th century. Three to four thousand school kids will see If you are there and haven't registered with us - DO IT. it each year along with 40 thousand adults. Visit with us and chat about the Adopt A Site program, how to find a tool for your site, or what ever may come Area N Directors will meet at The Cracker Trail to mind. If you can't make it please send Phil Baker a Museum in Zolfo Springs, FL on April 6. We will short note with your site and approximate hours you meet with the Museum Director and Curator and peo­ have spent in the past year. My email is ple involved in demonstrating wood and iron trades. [email protected]. We are not going to do this every We will be equipped with research data and materi­ year. Our goal is to get a handle on where M-WTCA als to illustrate methods of cleaning and preserving stands in regard to services they render in promoting tools. I'll have a couple of saws to show to replace out Mission. President John Wells and the Executive those beyond repair and maybe a Stanley #5 and Committee feel it is great ammunition to have in sup­ what we all may dig up. This is a great way to get a port of the organizations tax exempt status. tool fix. No rocket science, just common sense.

Bill Morgan, an Area N Director set up a display in Bear in mind, I'd really prefer to write about sites the Dunedin Public Library. It's not elaborate, no across our vast nation so look over your semi-worth­ center wheel plow, but in these locations it is effective less tools and see if you can't find a home for them. and puts us on the map. Adopt A Site!

Local Gatherings & Membership Jim Moffet who I met at the Dairy Collector's Association meet at Viroqua, WI.. .. I work at a store by Ed Hobbs where we sell a lot of new and used tools but also seJl quite a few antique tools so we get some collectors in. I Well, we almost made it! What do I mean by that? Of mentioned this club to several people who were very course, I am referring to membership and it means we interested in possibly joining so I promised them I'd get were only down by 10 members when we compare the some information. I am sending you the addresses .... I number of members we had as of March 1, 2006 to the would also be interested in some of your brochures to number on March 1, 2005. That is great and much bet­ post or hand out to potential members. Thank you, ter than 2005 when we wereM-WTCA.ORG down over 100. Vernon Yoder, Ontario, WI." One of the primary reasons I think for this success is all Now I know there are a lot of people doing things like the effort on the part of our membership. We had about this but I also think there are some who may not think a 50% increase in new members and that did not hap­ they can or that what they can do will matter much. pen by magic. It came from members realizing we all Well, every new member counts and you are the best have a responsibility when it comes to finding good, way to get the word out. Whether it is doing something new members and what each person does WILL matter. like this or putting a brochure in with tools you sell or even putting a reference about M-WTCA in your tool Got a letter back in January that really made my day. description on eBay, it all matters. It read in part: Keep up the great work! If you have ideas, potential ''I am a new member of MWTCA but have not been to contacts or want some of the brochures, call, write or any of the meets yet. I first learned of this club from e-mail me.

4 The Gristmill Area Meets Area A Cabin Fever Meet by Hollis Feeser

The annual Area A Cabin Fever Tool Meet was held Rick Rayburn, Best In Theme - Joe Preusser, and February 11, 2006, with great enthusiasm, great Best Out of Theme - Jim Preusser. weather, and great tools, at Medina Center. One hundred and seventy persons attended with a fren­ The real highlight of the day was signing up 25 new zy of "tooling" beginning at 3:30 A.M. and lasting members and 5 renewals. throughout the day. The Whatsit session, displays, demonstrations and auction were all commendable.

Best In Theme for the women was Pat Feeser with Garden Flowers "the easy way". Area A's youngest new member, Mitchell Zudema, holding one of the prize winners, a lighted level, The theme this year for the men was Leveling Devices and Garden Flowers for the women. There were The grand door prize of 3 hotel nights in Rochester for exceptional displays in both catagories with a total of the National Spring Meeting was won by Jim Keats of 10 recognition plaques being awarded. Of note, Hawley, Minnesota. Congratulations Jim! See you in People's Choice - Lee Osterbauer, Best Single Tool - Rochester in June.

Area Q and EAIA Summer Meeting 2005, over 240 members and guests attended this meeting. by Ed Hobbs Because of the increasing number of people attend­ The annual M-WTCA Area Q Summer Meeting will ing, again this year, pre-registration will be be held in Raleigh, NC on Saturday July 22, 2006 at required to ensure we have adequate food and facil­ Ed & Kathy Hobbs' Farm.M-WTCA.ORG ities. Each year this "Annual Rite of Summer" draws a The farm is located just a few miles south of Raleigh large number of those interested in tool collecting off of I-40. There is plenty of room for all and we can and early industries from all over the east coast and guarantee there will not be any snow or cold weath­ even from the midwest. It is an opportunity to buy er and the BBQ will melt in your mouth. and sell tools, hear a very interesting program, view tool displays, participate in the tool auction, trade Notices will be sent to all M-WTCA and EAIA mem­ stories, eat great BBQ and generally relax under the bers in NC, SC & VA in late June. For more informa­ shade of the barns and pecan trees. While primarily tion, contact Ed Hobbs at 919 828-2754 a Saturday event, some early birds come in on ([email protected]), Ray Hoke at 919 876-8512 Friday afternoon to set up, check things out, social­ ([email protected]) or Robert Oehman at (919) 858- ize and/or to park their motor homes or campers. In 8506 ([email protected])

June 2006 5 Area Meets Area O & PAST: Winter Old Tool Show in San Diego by John Wells

The Area O & PAST: Winter Old Tool Show in sunny atrium all day. San Diego, January 19 - 21, 2006, started off the tool Konrad Sauer of year under a blue sky with temps in the low to high the Sauer & seventies. Several friends from the colder climates Steiner Toolworks took the opportunity to spend a tool weekend in the came down from sun, among them were: Mel and Annabel Ring, Don Canada, to demon­ and Pat Jordan, Clarence Blanchard, Don and Pam strate the beautiful Rosebrook, Tony Murland and family, and Robert and dovetailed, bronze Susan Arra. sided, steel soled infill planes he The festivities began before dawn on Thursday morn­ makes from the ing with a gala parking lot sale where you could find finest materials everything from a using hand meth­ few rare tools you ods. Inlay and needed for your col - veneering with hot lection to the elusive glue and a veneer­ Pete Niederberger part you have been ing hammer was shows off a large hammer hunting for years. I demonstrated by Bob Stevenson. Woodcarving was saw a miniature of a demonstrated by Lorenzo Foncerrado who was using Jomer planing a some of his favorite oriental carving tools that are sharp­ board at his bench, ened on the side and used with a slicing paring stroke. operated by a small electric motor. I had previously seen an identical The Saturday tool auction featured 434 listed lots of item several years running in the Christmas display quality tools plus 57 lots of tools consigned by mem­ window of a San Francisco hardware store. bers at the show. The auction was called by PAST Unfortunately it wasn't for sale. The parking lot is member Steve Scruggs. Every year the show is a lot of also a great opportunity to see old friends. fun - old friends to swap stories with, scarce tools to see, and a few to take home. The weather is always Friday morning trade tables were set up in two of the great, so why not hop in the car or take a plane, leave hotel's three atriums, often just outside the seller's the cold weather behind, and come to the Area O & hotel room door. Demonstrations proceeded in the PAST: Winter Old Tool Show in San Diego in 2007.

Peach Meet by Phil Baker

The 13th Annual Peach Meet in Madison, GA provided tool collectors with anotherM-WTCA.ORG great venue to shop and trade. The weatherman provided us with the best three days of the shows history. Most every one wants to know how it went, so let's address attendance. I looked back at the 2004 records and we had 137, in 2005 there were 139 and in 2006 139 again. Next year we will shoot for 150 plus. Waiting for the doors to open with happy faces We had two fine programs. Friday morning, Bill The display awards went to #1 Dan Gaier for his Morgan introduced us to tool handles. In the after­ "ranches" (Doug Fowlers struck again), #2 Dave noon Mel Ring featured marking gauges. These two Heckel for his rulers having bold printing, and #3 programs gave us all an insight into tools not usually Mary Lou Bull took home third place with her display featured at out meets. We could use more programs of miniatures. There were fewer displays than in the like these. past. Displays are important so let's reverse the trend.

6 The Gristmill Area Meets 2007 Meet we will make a change in the program. This your tables. It will be open 5:00 AM Friday until 7:00 is being done to encourage younger members who have AM for the same purpose. No trading inside until 7AM a difficult time taking two days off to attend a meet. Friday when the bell rings. Out in the yard Thursday First there will be NO TAIL­ should be considered the same GATING on Thursday. The as Wednesday has in the past. hall will be open 1: 00 PM to If you wish to play there is no 9:00 PM for placing tools under objection. See you there.

Exciting discoveries to be made

Sweetest person at the Phil Baker, the host, meeting, the coffee maker, straight from the saw mine Jane Locklin An empty hall Oh, what Anticipation!

Did Chuck Hegedus show up a week early? I see wonderful tools Photos taken by Ken Kl.ine

Area N Tool Meet by Phil Baker M-WTCA.ORG

Area N holds their annual March meet, the third weekend of the month, at Renningers Antique Market in Mount Dora, FL. This meet provides M-WTCA a chance to spread the word and acquire new members. Most of us arrive on Friday and trading is always brisk starting early Saturday Morning.

The picture of Bill Cutts and Burke Prevratil was taken Friday afternoon as we were settling in. There were sixteen members set up with over 40 tables of tools. Another 20 M-WTCA members came through.

June 2006 7 Area Meets Area F Spring Meet 2006 by Matt Borders

Many of you no doubt have noticed that the articles I didn't need those write about the annual Area F spring meeting at five tables after all. McCormick's Creek State Park are less about the meet itself than about some particular event that occurred I hope it won't sound during the meeting. This years story should surely be too much like brag­ entitled: The Saga of the Trade Tables. ging, but other than my inability to It's my own fault really, I didn't pay as much attention count, this years to meeting preparations as I should have. Regardless meeting was proba­ of the reason the fact remains that I found myself ten bly the best we've had in the three years. Attendance tables short for the meeting; or so I thought. Since the this year was twice that of the first year, and we had hardware store I manage has a rental store, the most the most popular speakers we've ever had. Nancy obvious solution was to procure the tables there. So Hiler, a local cabinetmaker whose work has appeared one hundred and forty dollars lighter I headed for in Fine Woodworking magazine on more than one occa­ McCormick's Creek with the required ten tables. sion, seemed genuinely shocked by the attention paid to her and her work. The question and answer session The wives of tool collectors are known not only for their after her presentation lasted more than twice as long beauty but for their long suffering patience, and my as her lecture and when she returned Saturday morn­ wife Celena is certainly no exception in either catego­ ing to hear our other speaker Duncan Cambel talk ry. Owing to the later trait, she was unphased when I about historic preservation, she was cornered again for informed her that after closer examination, the Inn quite some time. Duncan also was amazed by the had not 30 but 40 tables after all and the ten we had attention paid to him and finally had to excuse himself just rented were no longer required. She cheerfully two hours later to attend a previous engagement for agreed to return them and with luck we'd even get a which he was already late. Celena and I want to thank full refund on the rental. you all for coming and for making our task so reward­ ing. We're making some changes for next year in the As I scurried around the room placing name tags on hopes of accommodating more people; we moved the tables in eager anticipation of the start of the meeting meeting from Friday and Saturday to Saturday and it became apparent that something was amiss: The Sunday in the hopes number of tables I had reserved quickly eclipsing what that more folks will I actually had and I came to the realization that I was be able to attend. again short by five tables. Of course Celena had left by We've also reserved this time to return the ten formally extra tables we a second room, had rented, so I called the hardware store in an effort which we hope will to intercept her. In keeping with my luck, my boss encourage more peo­ answered the phone; it couldn't have been the rental ple to bring displays store manager or anyone else who would have been as well as giving sympathetic. folks more room to socialize. Lastly, next years meet­ M-WTCA.ORGing will be the first weekend in March, a little later "Ellettsville True Value, this is Frank" he said. "Hey than in years past but hopefully with more predictable Frank its Matt," I said, my heart and wallet sinking weather. We'd love to hear any other comments or sug­ simultaneously "I think I made a mistake." "Imagine gestions on how to improve the meeting and we look that," he said with sarcasm so thick it dripped from the forward to seeing you phone. I briefly explained the situation and asked him all again next year. to send Celena back with the five tables I required. Bill Marlowe gave Well, I'm sure you've all figured out where this is Lane the hammer he is going. After dragging the five tables to the second floor clutching so tightly; meeting room (fortunately I had help) and shoe horn­ Lane was so proud of ing them into place, I begun to wonder why they were his new "big boy tool" remaining empty. Sure enough, after reexamining the that he slept with it sign up sheets for a third time I discovered my error; I the whole weekend.

8 The Gristmill Book Review AXE MAKERS of NORTH AMERICA A Collection of Axe History & Manufacturers

Allan Klenman Second Edition Edited by Larry McPhail 160 pages, 8 ½" X 11" spiral bound, 2006 AXE MAKERS Available from the Publisher, Larry McPhail 2855 H. Street Road Blaine WA 98230 of $24.95 plus $5.00 Shipping, please send check or Money Order NORTH Allan Klenman's book on North American Axes was published in 1990 AMERICA and had been out of print for a number of years. Allan had gathered A Collection (If Axe H~tory & Mcmufw:turers more than 30 new stories and has acquired additional research on axes since that time. Larry McPhail has stepped forward and incorporated the new research into a Revised Second Edition. Larry has also added his own research on axes and axe makers to the edition.

The book is divided into chapters on axe manufacture, the axe and the lumber industry, axe makers of the U.S.A., axe makers of Canada, for­ eign makers, and general axe stories. The axe was the tool which was basic to the clearing of the vast forests of North America. There are by Alum Klenman many illustrations, photos, and catalog engravings of the axes pro­ &,:,m.l b1tt.m It, n d 1,,,, 1.. ,..,.., .\td'/,,al duced in North America. This new revised addition adds to the known knowledge of man's most important forest tool. --Dave Heckel

You Can Become a Philanthropist by Mel Ring

When the Board of Directors established an endow­ objective of the fund is to provide members and others ment fund at its meeting in St. Charles, it provided a the means to give funds to carry out the mission of M­ means for every member of M-WTCA be a philan­ WTCA, secure in the knowledge that such funds will thropist and to give money for the work of the organi­ be used according to the terms and conditions set out zation, now and in the future. in the Endowment Fund Gift Agreement. Major givers will have the opportunity to name funds to honor Discussion about the formation of an M-WTCA loved ones. Endowment fund beganM-WTCA.ORG at the June meeting in Decatur. Because it was a major step the proposal was It is anticipated that gifts to the fund will come in all tabled for further discussion and it was then passed at sizes, from small annual gifts to large one-time gifts the St. Charles meeting. from estates of members in the form of cash, securities or collections. During discussion before the adoption Use of endowment fund money was thoroughly dis­ of the resolution, Article II of the By-laws was read. cussed previous to the vote on the motion and it was The By-laws describe the purpose of the organization: said that earnings of the fund would be used to fund to promote the study of ancient tools, to study the activities already in place or to begin other programs. crafts, and to share knowledge. All expenditures, though, would be in keeping with restrictions of 50 lc3 rules and will be fully tax Past President Mel Ring has accepted the chairman­ deductible. ship of the endowment committee and he can provide information to members who are interesting in making Article 2 of the enabling resolution states that the gifts to the fund now or to use in their estate planning.

June 2006 9 Obituaries Tribute to O.M. Ramsey

O.M. (OLIVER MILAN) RAMSEY, 80, of Fort shared his treasures with us in countless displays Wayne, died Tuesday, Feb. 21, 2006. Born in Van at national meetings. He seldom, if ever, duplicated Wert County, Ohio, he was a member of Trinity what he presented. Milan's displays were well done Lutheran Church, Fort Wayne. The World War II and interesting, but best of all they were entertain­ U.S. Navy veteran was a Purple Heart recipient and ing. Long after Milan found it impossible to attend secretary for the Purple Heart Society. He was an national meetings he continued to share his stash of active member of F. W. Electrical Contractors tools with us by enlisting friends like Jack Devitt, Association and member of Mid-West Tool Collectors and Mel Ring to bring his well prepared displays to Association. He was a self-employed contractor as national meetings. His most recent display won the Ramsey Electric. He was an avid advocate for ADA, Members Choice Award at the St. Charles meeting League for the Blind, and ongoing Veterans inter­ last Fall. Personally, I will remember Milan for his ests. He is survived by his wife of 57 years, Ramona; shrewd ability to identify tools, and explain their sons, Keith W., Kenneth C. and Karl M.; daughters, uses. Even when a tool's use was obvious Milan Kate R. Willer and Karen Mielke; and seven grand­ might dig deeper into research to discover, and doc­ children; three step grandchildren; and nine great­ ument, other uses for the tool. He would often grandchildren. sketch the solution to a tool mystery for us. He started out writing a few Gary Gergeni past Chairman of the articles on Whats I ts for The Whats Its Committee remembered Gristmill, and then turned his talent Milan as one who could always be into a regular column. The popularity depended upon to supply "Whats Its" of this column is evidenced by the mail from his vast collection. He was and phone calls it generated. Milan always willing to do research, search­ will be missed. ing patents and sharing the informa­ tion with others. Milan was depend­ Jack Devitt knew Milan as a friend able and was always at the meetings, and tells that will be remembered for as long as his health allowed. He had many different reasons by many dif­ an insatiable appetite for knowledge ferent people. His wife and family about obscure toolsand devices. He will remember him as a good provider was delighted when he knew the use and loving husband and father. and/or name of the tools, when no one During his forty some working years else could figure them out. His desire he was known in the Ft. Wayne IN to solve the mysteries of the Whats Its area as a very reliable and knowledge­ was not confined to the two week-ends of the tool able electrical contractor. To his fellow veterans of meetings. He worked all year long to solve the mys­ World War II and other veterans living in Ft. teries and answer the questions. He had an inquir­ Wayne he was known as someone who could be ing mind and will be greatly missed. called on to participate and speak at Memorial Day, Fourth of July, and Veterans Day events. To the Jim Mau current Chairman of the Whats Its handicapped people of the Ft. Wayne area he was a Committee. relates thatM-WTCA.ORG on September 17 1976 champion and hero. After attending the openings Milan Ramsey became the 500th member of M­ of buildings and events that were publicized as WTCA. He got a free dinner for that which was being handicap accessible he would check out all probably only fair because he had handed out thou­ aspects of these in his wheelchair. When found sands of "Free Chicken Dinners" himself. That's an these lacking in some area he would contact the inside joke, and for you newbie's who didn't get one persons in charge to see what changes could be just ask around to find out about them. Milan's love made and if no response he would write a letter to of tools, his rich background in agriculture, his the newspaper editor which in most cases was trade school experience, and his trade made him a printed. This many times brought about many natural for Mid-West Tool Collector's membership. needed changes. Milan was known to most of you as Add to this an inveterate curiosity about tools and the person who wrote the Whats It column in The their uses, and you will see why Milan was impor­ Gristmill. To most all who ever met him in person, tant to the club as a What's It aficionado. Milan's he was the friendly man in the wheelchair who collection can only be described as unlimited. He passed out "free chicken dinners".

10 The Gristmill Obituaries

John P. "Jack" Bittner

By Karl Sanger Well, we had two spotlights shining so that when the handler lifted a tool to be auctioned the lights shined John P. "Jack" Bittner died January 18, 2006 at his on the item. Mine just sparkled. It glowed. Jack home in Springfield, VT. "'Jack" then retired to looks up from his auction list and glances over at the Derby, Vt., where he continued with his auctions, item. "Wow" he exclaimed, "That is the best looking selling on eBay and creating reproductions of antique #6 I've ever seen!" There us a twinkle in his eye, a cupboards, wooden bowls and buckets, Shaker boxes brief wink and he does what he did at times - started and other woodcraft items. I first was introduced to the bidding at an absurd amount. Jack at one of his famous antique tool auctions in Keene, NH. I believe we all owe Jack a thank you for Now, this #6 in that day should have brought $25 being the first to start selling at auction only old maximum. But Jack had set a different 'tone" for it. tools. And while he was soon followed and battled by As the bidding passed $25, I began to smile, as it Crane's auctions, Jack was, the best. What a nice guy. passed $35, I began to squirm, and as it hit $65, I Fair and fun to be around, a fast auctioneer and he exclaimed loudly that it was too much. He got $67.50. could pull the last dollar out of a bidder as good as A character indeed! any I've seen. Embarrassed, I asked the buyer if he was happy and I have to tell this personal story about the last time I he was. So, one can say it was Jack Bittner who cre­ was with Jack. The very first auction we did for PATI­ ated the tool cleaning monster I became. Thanks NA at the Damascus Fire Hall - a major leap in scale Jack, you helped pay for my Florida golf course home. for us - we "hired" Jack to be the auctioneer. He Jack deserves better than what I can say. He was pio­ arrived the morning of the auction from Vermont neer, a character, a skilled auctioneer, a city council­ with Rachel, his lovely wife of 60 years. His arm was man, a friend, a husband, and a dad. in a sling. A day before at home he had an accident, severely cutting the arm. It was infected and the infection was in his entire body. Fever, weak and tired, Jack stood there and auctioned lot after 750 lots. Roy R. Randall

Here's another wonderful side. He knew me by name Roy R. Randall, age 75, of Geneva, IL died Friday, and sight. With his style and character, I viewed him January 20, 2006 at his home. He was born as a "friend", but I understood I was just one of many November 11, 1930 in Oswego to Alvin and Hazel folks he knew. He also knew I worked on the auction (Brennan) Randall. He is survived by his wife of and when he couldn't get a bid for a super clean and almost 51 years, Georgia. nice USSR boxwood ruler, he sold it to me by asking me to raise my hand if I thought the price was too Roy served in the U.S. Marines Corps during the cheap. I raised my hand. "SOLD!" he said and called Korean Conflict. He was owner, operator of Randall my bidder number. M-WTCA.ORGHe laughed, the entire room Lumber in Aurora for 30 years. He was a laughed, I laughed. Scoutmaster for Troop #22 in Geneva. He also was a member of Fox Valley Presbyterian Church and the There was another appreciated side of his auction Prime Timers and a member of Mid-West Tool persona. I also had a good number of junk, ah, err, Collectors, being an avid collector. Georgia related, old tools in the auction. One lot was a Stanley #6. I "He loved getting The Gristmill and would read it had "linished" it (what Stanley does to the bottom cover to cover. He'd get impatient if he thought it was and sides, but we call it belt sanding) to remove the late, and kept saying "It's time for The Gristmill." He rust. I had stripped all the paint off and re-painted loved tools, building, and wood. He had an extensive and baked new DeRusto onto it. I had buffed the collection of tools and loved going to garage sales to nickel (well bare steel, but it looked like nickel when find them. Though he did not go to many of the meet­ I finished). Up close, it looked redone, but a great ings, he never missed the one at Garfield Farm, user. which was close to home."

June 2006 11 The Stanley No. 72 & 72½ Chamfer Plane by John Wells with Chuck Wirtenson Stanley offered the No. 72 chamfer plane for sale to dealers a few months after the patent application was filed on February 25, 1885. The patent was granted April 21, 1885 to Justus A. Traut and assigned to the Stanley Rule and Level Co. The No. 72 first appeared in a Stanley catalogue on supplement page No. 38½ for the 1884 catalogue, which was issued in mid 1885.

Traut applied for a patent for a beading attachment for the chamfer plane on February 1, 1886, the patent was granted March 23, 1886. The beading attachment was attached to the sloping seat normally occupied by the removable front section of the plane, and the beading cutters, which were identical to those on the No. 66 header, projected down through a ¾ inch wide vertical slot cut in the front of the plane bed. A complete version of the No. 72½ Type 7, 1914 - 1920 Photo by Chuck Wirtenson When the chamfer plane was sold with the beading attachment it was called a No. 72½ and sold for $3.00, In this study alpha numeric part numbers are used: $1.00 more than the No. 72. It was offered for sale to the alpha portion of the part number represents the dealers shortly after the patent was applied for early part and the numeric portion the version of the part, in 1886, and first appeared on supplement page 38A e.g.: Plane Bed version 3 is shown as PB-3. When a issued in mid 1886 for insertion in Stanley's 1884 cat­ part remains the same on a subsequent plane type, the alogue. After the beading attachment was introduced part number is repeated but not its detailed descrip­ the same plane body, with the slot for the beading cut­ tion. Key new distinguishing features for each type ter, was used for both the No. 72 and the No. 72½. If are underlined. someone purchased the No. 72, they could purchase the beading attachment separately for $1.00. Designations for trademarks, casting types, and han­ dle shapes are those used by Roger K. Smith, P­ No. 72 planes made prior to the introduction of the TAMPIA vol. I, p.279 - 284. beading attachment, known as Type 1, did not have a slot in the bed to accommodate the beading cutter. This study was based on observation of physical ex­ Type 1 No. 72 planes were made in small numbers for amples, information in Stanley catalogues, infor­ only a few months they are quite scarce. 1 mation from other type studies, and on a generous sharing of information by other collectors. Like all The No. 72 and 72½ chamfer planes were used for spe­ type studies it is a work in progress all of the con­ cial jobs and there was far less demand for them than clusions are tentative. Additional information and for bench planes. An economical size batch of chamfer corrections are welcome, send them to John Wells: plane castings was probably made, then castings were [email protected]. used as needed to assemble planes required to fill orders. This explains why casting marks or other fea­ Many thanks to Chuck Wirtenson for his help with this tures often appeared later on chamfer planes than on study. Thanks also to Walter Jacob, Paul Van Pernis, bench planes, and why M-WTCA.ORGanomalies in the age of parts Clarence Blanchard, David Heckel, and others who on chamfer planes was common. We examined a mint have provided information and offered helpful sugges­ No. 72½ (last offered in 1917), in the original box and tions. with the original cutter, that had trademark "Y" (1921 - 1922). Stanley must have assembled and Type 1: No. 72 1885 shipped this plane four or five years after they ceased Body: (PB-1) offering the No. 72½ in catalogues. * The bed on Type 1 No. 72 did not have a vertical slot to accept the beading cutter. Stanley offered the No. 72 for 50 years, from 1885 to * The body contained no maker's mark, model num­ 1935.2 The most complete versions of the chamfer ber, or patent information. plane were the No. 72½ Types 6 and 7, made from 1909 * The edges of the body were not ground smooth and through 1917, furnished with both the Beader and the were japanned. Bullnose Attachment. * The body was japanned.

12 The Gristmill "No" or "72'? and "STANLEY" was cast on the left side. Removable Front section: (FS-2) the sides of the front section were ground smooth. Beading Attachment: (BA-1) was furnished with the No. 72½ plane or it could be purchased separately. * It was attached to the sloping seat normally occu­ pied by the removable front section, with a star wheel screw.

No. 72 Type 1, 1885

Removable Front section: (FS-1) * Contained the frog and front knob. * The sides of the frog were not ground smooth, and were japanned. Star Wheel Screw: (SW-1) was used to secure the front section to the sloping seat on the body. It resembled a faucet handle with five pointed spokes in the shape of a star. It was 1 3/4 inches in diameter, made of cast brass, and had a tight fitting loose brass washer to facilitate clamping against the slotted plane body. Lever Cap: (LC-1) was· cast iron with a keyhole to fit over the frog screw; it was japanned. The lever cap was a little thicker than later types. A narrow band at 72½ Type 2, 1886 - 1888 the leading edge was ground smooth, but without * It had a provision to adjust the depth of cut. The being raised as on later adjusting wheel was brass knurled with fine lines par­ ~- allel to its axis. Lever Cap Screw: (LCS-1) * The "C" shaped cutter clamp was cast brass. The had a cast iron head, 13/16 brass cutter clamping screw had a cylindrical head inch in diameter, with a con­ with a screwdriver slot; it was 19/32 inch in diameter, cave depression in the center had two beads of fine diagonal knurling, and was surrounded by a narrow stamped "PAT. MAR. 23, 86." raised rim with heavy notch­ * The rear of beading attachment has a milled rab­ es on the edge; it was bet on each long edge leaving a 3/4 inch wide raised japanned. center section that fits in a mating groove in the slop­ Front knob: (FK-1) was a low LCS - 1 ing seat on the front of the plane body. rosewood knob, similar to those used on bench planes. Star Wheel Screw: It had a pronounced bead at its base, and was 1-11/16 (SW-1) inches in diameter and 1 -13/16 inches high. Lever Cap: (LC-2) Handle: (H-1) had an early shape, similar to RKS "E". the casting was The front of the handle extended upward ½ inch high­ now a little thin­ er than later examples. It's overall height was 4-5/16 ner and had a 1/4 In. M-WTCA.ORGinch wide raised Cutter: (C-1) was stamped: "STANLEY / RULE & band, which was LEVEL CO/ PAT, APR, 21, 85" in three lines. 3 ground smooth, along the leading Type 2: No. 72 & 72½ Major Change 1886 - 1888 edge. Body: (PB-2) Lever Cap Screw: * The bed of the Type 2, and all subsequent types, (LCS-1) had a ¾ inch wide vertical slot at the front of the V" Front knob: (FK- shaped bed to provide space and backing for the bead­ 2) was a low rose­ ing cutter. wood beaded knob * The edges of the bed were ground smooth. had a fine line Upper: Vertical slot for * "No 72" was cast in 1/4 inch high raised letters on suggesting a sub­ beading cutter in 72½ Type 2. the right side of the bed ( without a period after either tle bead. It was 1- Lower: 72 Type 1

June 2006 13 11/16 inches in diameter and 1-13/16 inches high. Handle: (H-2) had an early shape similar to RKS "N". The front face of the handle continued to curve forward near the top. and the shape of the horn was very deli­ cate. Its overall height was about 4-1/16 inches. Cutter: (C-1)

Type 3: No. 72 & 72½ 1888 - 1895 Body: (PB-2) Removable Front section: (FS-2) Beading Attachment: (BA-2) was identical to BA-1 ex­ cept the cutter clamping screw was not stamped with the patent date. Star Wheel Screw: (SW-1) Lever Cap: (LC-2) Lever Cap Screw: (LCS-1) Front knob: (FK-3) was a low rosewood front knob, and was not beaded. Handle: (H-2) Cutter: (C-1) Later examples had cutter (C-2) stamped Beading attachment BA-3 on a 72½ Type 4, 1895 - 1905 with RKS TM-J.

Type 4: No. 72 & 72½ Major Change 1895 - 1905 Type 5: No. 72 & 72½ Major Change 1905 - 1910 Body: (PB-3) Body: (PB-4) was the same as PB-3 except it had a * PB-3 was identical to PB-2 except it had: "No 72. raised casting mark "B" on the bottom of the handle PAT. APR. 21- 85" on the right side of the bed (There tab. was a period after "72. '1 and "STANLEY" on the left Removable Front section: (FS-4) was the same as FS-3 side. except it had a raised casting mark "B" on the left or * The body had casting mark "S" on the bottom of the right side of the front knob. handle tab projecting at the rear of the plane. Bullnose Attachment: (BN-1) was furnished with the Removable Front section: (FS-3) was the same as FS- plane starting in 1909. Early examples had casting 2 except it had casting mark "S" on the left side of the mark "8"4, later examples had casting mark "B". front knob. Beading Attachment: (BA-4) had an incuse or recessed Beading Attachment: (BA-3) casting mark "B". * BA-3 was like BA-2 but the cutter clamping screw Star Wheel Screw: (SW-2) was a paddle shaped thumb screw. Lever Cap: (LC-4) had casting mark "B" on the reverse * The cutter clamping screw, the "C" shaped cutter side. clamp, and cutter adjustment nut were nickel plated cast iron. Some examples have "PAT. MAR. 23, 86." stamped on the cutter adjustment nut. * The beading attachment had an incuse (cut or punched in) "S" casting mark in its face above the cut­ ter adjustment nut. * The rear surface of beading attachments, beginning with Type 4 planes, had a narrow channel on each side of the raised center section on the back of the beader. Star Wheel Screw: (SW-2)M-WTCA.ORG was similar to SW-1 except it was nickel plated cast iron. Lever Cap: (LC-3) was identical to LC-2 but had cast­ ing mark "S" on the reverse side. Lever Cap Screw: (LCS-1) Front knob: (FK-3) Handle: (H-3) was similar to RKS "DD". The front of the handle raises at a steeper angle, the top of the horn begins lower, the top surface of the horn curves back at a steeper angle, and the horn is almost 1/ 4 inch shorter. Cutter: (C-3) was stamped with RKS TM-P: "STAN­ LEY I RULE & LEVEL CO." in two lines. No. 72 Type 5 Photo by C. Wirtenson

14 The Gristmill Lever Cap Screw: (LCS-2) had "STANLEY" in raised block let­ ters cast it a circular pattern on its face. Front knob: (FK-3) Handle: (H-3) Cutter: (C-4) was stamped with RKS TM-T, (1907-1910). LCS-2 Type 6: No. 72 & 72½ 1910 - 1914 Body: (PB-4) Removable Front section: (FS-4) Bullnose Attachment: (BN-1) Beading Attachment: (BA-4) Star Wheel Screw: (SW-2) Lever Cap: (LC-4) Lever Cap Screw: (LCS-3) was a polished nickel plated steel screw with a turned steel head 5/8 inch in diameter with fine LCS-3 straight knurling. Some examples were stamped with No. 72 Type 7 with bullnose attachment an appropriate trade mark. Star Wheel Screw: (SW-2) Lever Cap: (LC-5) had no casting mark. LC-4 was used on some early examples. Lever Cap Screw: (LCS-3) Front knob: (FK-4) tended to be slightly slimmer, about 1-19/32, and a little taller, about 1-15/16 inches. Handle: (H-4) Cutter: (C-5) was stamped with TM-V (1910-1919).

No. 72 Type 8 1920 - 1935 Body: (PB-5), PB-6 used on later examples had the same wording cast on the bed but the lettering stroke was finer and sharper. PB-6 castings had a slightly rougher sand finish, which was not smoothed off before japanning.

No. 72 Type 6, 1910 - 1914 Photo by C. Wirtenson Front knob: ( FK-3) Handle: (H-4) was a later style handle similar to RKS FF. The front of the handle begins to curve back about 1 inch below the top. The handle is 4 1/4 inches high. Cutter: (C-5) was stampedM-WTCA.ORG with TM-V (1910-1919).

Type 7: No. 72 & 72½ Major Change 1914 - 1920 Body: (PB-5) * The patent date following "No 72." was eliminated. but the period following "No 72." was retained. * PB-5 had no casting mark. Removable Front section: (FS-4) had no casting mark. Bullnose Attachment: (BN-1) Some examples may not have a casting mark. Beading Attachment: (BA-5) had no casting mark. BA- No. 72 Type 8 with high fron t knob 4 was used on some early examples. The No. 72½ and Removable Front section: (FS-2) the beading attachment were not offered after 1917. Bullnose Attachment: (BN-1)

June 2006 15 Star Wheel Screw: (SW-2) STANLEY Lever Cap: (LC-5) STANLEY RULE ~\..tY,?~ ""W 11111UT>JN. & LEVEL CO. ~ ('" CONN. Lever Cap Screw: (LCS-3) PAT.APR. 21.85 Front knob: (FK-4) FK-5, used on late examples, was cn&LEVEL co!"" ~-5" a tall front knob like those used on No.3 bench nlanes. c- 1 TM-J TM-V Handle: (H-3) Barrel nuts on handles and front knobs were nickel plated on some late examples. STANlEY STANLEY Cutters: (C-6) Were stamped with one of three sweet- STANlEY s.w s.w s.w heart trademarks: TM-X (1920), TM-Y (1921-22), and TM-AA (1923-35). N£W8AITAIN MADE IN U.S.A. MADE IN U.S.A. CONN. U.S.A. TM-X TM-Y TM-AA 1 Clarence Blanchard, "Stanley's No. 72 Chamfer Plane, Type-I, 1885 - 1886", Stanley Collectors News, No. 9, p.12- 13. 2 The No. 72 was last offered in the 1935 edition of Stanley catalogue No. 34 copyrighted in 1929, in the No. 134 deal­ ers catalogue copyrighted in 1934, but not in the No. 138 dealers catalogue copyrighted in 1937. It was listed in the April 15, 1937 Dealers Retail and Wholesale Price List and possibly in subsequent price lists to sell existing stock. 3 Cutters for the No. 72 were the same size and overall E N DD FF shape as those used on early No. 9½ block planes. 4 It is curious that casting mark "8" - thought to identify Chuck Wirtenson of Verona NY is a collector of Stanley tools, castings made before 1899 - is found on bullnose attach­ especially those that are New In The Box. John Wells of ments first offered by Stanley in 1909. Clarence Berkeley CA is the current President of M-WTCA and also Blanchard explored this subject in an article "Stanley has a strong interest in Stanley tools and has written many No. 72 Bullnose Attachment", Fine Tool Journal, Vol.46, Type Studies on Stanley planes. No. 2. --Editor Preservation & Education Thomas Jefferson's Poplar Forest by Phil Ba ker a nd Da ve Heckel

Thomas Jefferson and his wife Martha inherited the Today much restoration work is underway and Phil Bedford County Virginia plantation known as Poplar Baker Chairman of M-WTCA's Preservation & Forest in 1773. The farm provided Jefferson with Education Committee and Neil Bohnert a M-WTCA income and the place where he could pursue his pas­ member from Lynchburg, Virginia made a visit to the sion for reading, writing, gardening, and studying. site last Fall. They met with Travis McDonald, He planned to make the plantation his retreat from Director of Architectural Restoration; Vince public life following his retirement from his pressing Fastabend, Head Restoration Craftsman; and David duties. M-WTCA.ORGClauss, Restoration Craftsman.

Poplar Forest Vince Fastabend, Travis McDonald, David Clauss

16 The Gristmill Connecticut architect Thomas L. Elliott, an authority on antique planes, has also examined Coleman's planes and found both to be correct to the era when John Hemings would have been at Monticello. "The first plane -- 1790 to 1800 -- would be from the period of restoration of Monticello," Elliott said. "The second one is a later plane, 1820 thereabouts, which would have been after the major renovation .. . the reflective period of time which John Hemings would have been working. And the imprint is also appropriate for that period. The stamps are not forgeries." Coleman hopes that if enough people learn of the "J. Hemings" planes, someone might come forward with infor­ mation.

L to R: Neil Bohnert, David Clauss (hidden), Phil Baker, Poplar Forest has received a donation of a consider­ Travis McDonald, Vince Fastabend able number of planes and other tools. Phil Baker Travis and Vince gave a wonderful tour of Poplar saw a back saw in the group and asked to examine it. Forest and the restoration in progress. It was evident The rust and grime was such that it was hard to read that more M-WTCA knowledge was needed and a but it was discerned to be a Sheffield maker, date of June 20, 2006 was set to meet again with Harrison, who worked circa 1785. It was felt that the more guidance on the period, type, and use of tools in saw should be in their museum and Phil offered to the inventory that they possessed. It is hoped that restore the saw. It has been done and the saw is back Gary Coleman, M-WTCA member from Lexington, at Poplar Forest. Kentucky will be able to attend. Gary had acquired not too long ago, two planes marked J. Hemings. In April 2006, Dave and Judi Heckel visited Poplar Jefferson's head craftsman at Monticello was named Forest and asked to meet with Travis McDonald. John Hemings. Hemings had considerable to do with After a tour of the house and grounds, they met with construction at Poplar Forest. These two planes have Travis, Vince and David. Since Phil and Neil's visit aroused considerable intertest. last Fall, the craftsman have created sample sec­ tions of the moldings, using poplar that was recov­ The following excerpt is from Bryan Crawford's ered from the trees that were removed in the front February 5, 2006 column from The Courier-Journal, of the house. These moldings will be needed in the Louisville, Kentucky:

"The name on them was 'J. Hemings,' " said Coleman. "I thought, 'That's John Hemings.' After looking at the pictures, I could tell from the looks of the planes that they would fit into the right dates -- but I didn't know if they would match up with any of the woodwork in the home." John Hemings, a brother of Sally Hemings -- the reputed slave mis­ tress of Jefferson -- was a master woodcraftsman. He began work in Gary Coleman and the the joinery shop in 1793 at age 17. J.Hemings plane M-WTCA.ORGHe is believed to have had a sig- nificant role in creating much of the woodwork for the Poplar molding samples expansion and restoration of Monticello between 1796 and 1809. He is credited with making Jefferson's coffin. He was restoration of the interior of Poplar Forest. They freed in 1826 and died about 1833. have utilized wooden molding planes to duplicate the profiles of these moldings. Needed are other "He's very important," said Robert Self, conservator of planes that they do not have in their collection. A architecture and furniture at Monticello. "He became a very list of profiles that are needed will be created and in skilled craftsman here." Jefferson, in his will, left John June when Phil returns a "Want List" of planes will Hemings many of Monticello's woodworking tools. "It's interesting, there's no doubt about it," said Self, who has then be published in The Gristmill. examined the Coleman planes and has compared them to the woodwork at Monticello. "That one plane -- that sash This expanding role of the Preservation & Education molder -- does duplicate, really quite exactly, the molding Committee shows how M-WTCA's help can assist profile here." museums and historical restorations.

June 2006 17 The Ohio Tool Co. Items made by the Ohio Tool Co. in its early days of operation consisted of; carpenter wood planes of all by Jack Devitt descriptions, plane irons, framing and firmer chisels, drawing knives, bench and hand screws, handles of all Most tool collectors seem to known that the Ohio Tool kinds, wood saw frames and gauges. Co. was once one of the largest manufacturers of planes (especially wooden planes) in the world. Most of these Where was the Ohio Tool Co. located? collectors also know that the Company used prison The wooden plane that you may own marked "OHIO labor to make their planes. However, some information TOOL CO." and you assumed must have been made in about the company seems to be a little fuzzy or Ohio because of the name, may have been made in unknown by most tool collectors. Questions such as Columbus, Ohio or Auburn, N.Y. or Charleston, West "How large was the Company?", "Where was the com­ Virginia. Plane production started in Columbus, Ohio pany located?", "When did the company in Columbus in 1851 vi . In 1893 the Ohio Tool Co. was acquired by really start?", "Did the Ohio Tool Company really make The Auburn Tool Co. of Auburn, N. Y. and the two com­ the first center wheel plow plane?" and "How many sale panies combined were named the Ohio Tool Co. of New catalogs did the company produce?". Your author was York. Manufacturing of planes was continued at both puzzled by some of these questions so he went to two locations with the main office in Auburn. Both of these different Columbus libraries to research information in companies had used prison labor in the manufacture of order to answer these questions. He also obtained the planes in the past. It is assumed that the Ohio Tool Co. help of John Kesterson who owns several Ohio Tool Co. name was used because more homes and barns at that Catalogs other then the Mid-West Tool Collectors time were being built in Midwest and the Ohio Tool Co. Association reprinted one of 1910. name was already very popular in that area of the nation. In 1914 the company moved to Charleston, Size of the Operation and Type of Products Produced West Virginia and ceased operations at both the According to William Taylor in his book the average Columbus and Auburn locations. The company stopped number of hands at the Ohio Tool Co. in its early years all operations in 1920v. in Columbus was around 200. Another source;; states "The company employs from one hundred and forty to So your wooden plane marked "OHIO TOOL CO." may one hundred and fifty hands" (an early term used when have been made in Ohio or maybe New York or maybe referring to the number of employees). One must also West Virginia. Some planes are marked "OHIO TOOL realize that the number of prison labor was not includ­ CO. COLUMBUS" and some are marked "OHIO TOOL ed with the number of hands employed. Kenneth CO. NEW YORK". Others with the globe logo, have Roberts in his bookii says that the Ohio Tool Co. by 1865 both Columbus & Auburn included on the logo. The had become one of the largest and most important majority are marked just "OHIO TOOL CO." and none plane manufacturers in the United States. By 1870 the have been found with a Charleston, W. V. mark. So, company was starting to lose some of its business to unless you have a plane marked Columbus or New York Sandusky Tool Co. and to the Stanley Rule & Level Co. you may not know in which state the plane was manu­ and its iron Bailey planes. After the Auburn Tool Co. factured. bought out the Ohio Tool Co. in 1893 the merged com­ pany again became one of our nation's largest plane Because of the longer number of years and the peak of manufacturers. the wooden plane production happened before 1890, the chances are that a wooden plane marked just "Ohio Tool 0 IBO TOOL CO., - ~ -~..:;_.:--- --::~ . - M-WTCA.ORG -i:, '...... :':. '

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18 The Gristmill Co." was probably made in Columbus, Ohio. Metal In 1850 there were probably not many other compa­ planes may be another story, where most of the produc­ nies or buildings that had 100 workers in Columbus tion was made in New York. Probably not too many which would also indicate the Ohio Tool Company did planes in comparison were made in Charleston because take-over the Hall, Case & Co. of the shorter period of time (6years) and the winding down of the company before closing. You may want to Who Were the Principal Players? check all the different wooden plane markings of the Most History booksxiii list George Gere as the first pres­ Ohio Tool Co. in the latest American Wood Planes booJrn. ident of the company along with A. Thomas as Sec. and C. G. Clark as Superintendent. The list of directors for When Was the Company Started? this new company were; 0. Allen, W. A. Platt, A. Some tool historians list the starting date of the Ohio McNairy, J. R. Swan, George Gere, P. Hayden and J. Tool Co. in Columbus as 1823. Some of the Company's M. McCune. advertisements after the 1893 takeover by the Auburn Tool Co. list an 1823 establishment date. Your author It is interesting to note that P. Hayden, George Gere has a box of chisels that have the 1823 date listed on with Gere, Abbott & Co. and J. M. McClune were all the chisel. Now one has to real - hardware merchants that put their mark on planes. ize that many companies liked These planes all look very much like the ones made by to advertise their longevity to the Ohio Tool Co. These hardware men were also all in show prospective customers that they must have been business during the early years of the peak Ohio Tool making quality products over a long period of time. In Co. production of planes. this pursuit, many companies would include their predecessors or those occupying the building before The most notable of these directors was Peter Hayden them, within the total time of establishment. This who some credit as having started the Ohio Tool Co. may be the case where predecessors to the Auburn Tool and others say he made planes and got the Ohio Tool Co. were used to establish an1823 date. Almost all Co. started in obtaining prison labor. Most Columbus Columbus History books indicate that the Ohio Tool and area History books only give him credit for obtain­ Co. was started in 1851, the date of incorporationvii . No ing one of the first contracts for prison labor with his record of the Ohio Tool Co. in History books or City leather tanning and harness business in 1837, starting Directories can be found before this date., Kenneth a hardware, building a rolling mill company and being Roberts in his book while referring to the Ohio Tool a successful businessman in addition to being one of the Co.'s 1823 starting date says, "This is believed to refer first directors of the Ohio Tool Co. to the Auburn Tool Co. 's predecessors, rather then operations in Columbus"viii . A Columbus history bookx Who Made the First Center Wheel Plow Plane and states that the Ohio Tool Co. started in 1851 in the When? building where the Hall, Case & Co. manufactured Both the Ohio Tool Co. and Sandusky Tool Co. are now wooden planes from 1840 to 1851. The ad shown on noted for their cen - the right was ter wheel plow displayedx in ➔l QHIQ TOOL CQ.,;( planes that bring

1890 and (ESTA9U$1-1ED 1$10, ) top prices at tool shows an 1840 auctions. The first COLUMBUS, OHIO. starting date patented center which indi­ wheels were m cates the Ohio Planes, Plane h1ons, Chisels & Ottawing l{ nives 1868 and 1869. Tool Co. of I f'i Tt{B lJl'{lT.50 STAT.ES. However in 1853

Columbus also plal)e6: Bl(QCQ af}d {l\ouldiQ~. frami~ aqd firmer the Ohio Tool Co. used former ~l]ls~ls. Drawil]~ l{Qiv~s: <:,arp~f}t{(r5', ~a:z:or Blad~. exhibited the self 5t>il)ql~.M-WTCA.ORG Bei,ci, s,rews: B{(vel, 5quare at)d building own - acting plow #113 V Tl}~a

June 2006 19 the few booklets or catalogs to list center wheel plow are waiting for this book, John has graciously allowed planes) lists the price at $20. How much would this pictures from some of these company publications to be plane, be worth on today's market, if it was marked shown here in The Gristmill. Pictures on the next few with a silver plate stamped 1853 New York World's pages are of tools that were not shown in the 1910 cat­ Fair. John says the booklet alone is priceless. alog. If you don't have the 1910 catalog and are inter­ ested in the Ohio Tool Co. you should purchase one. Pictures From Ohio Tool Co. Catalogs John Kesterson, from Barberton, Ohio, has a collection The pictures shown below are from a small 3 1/2" by 6" of Ohio Tool Co. catalogs, booklets, leaflets and flyers catalog which was produced sometime shortly after the that would fill a book and it is hoped that some day he Paris Exposition in 1900. Notice the different logo will write a book about the subject. However, while we with the tall Tin the middle.

OHIO TOOL COMPANY'S £VERY CHISELS TOOL WARRANTRD.

HIGH GRADE OF TOOL ST.EEL. SKILLFULLY TREATED, PERFECTLY FACED, ACCURATELy GROUND. /Allowing Pal~(! Clur.u,~ .) FINELY FINISHED.

All oi our Socket Fmner Cn,sels and

Go s :.re fitted 1th • 250 1 LEATHER HEAD HANDLES f HAVE RECEIV-ED AWARDS !Ullka Ordered O~l AT ALL INTl:RNA TlONAL EXHI­ BITIONS AT WHICH OUR MANU­ This h..r..ile .idds much to the appear;.nce f ACTURr.S HAVE BEEN SHOWN, :.nd utility of these tools and complements them lNCLUDlNG THE splendtd qnallty and fine fin.sh. Highest Ab)ard (We ca.n Iumlsb theu -goodJ 1n sa.nw qu,\lity with GIVEN ON CAR­ Commoa ha.ndk$ if i!9 dts1-.d, PENTERS1 1f(:)0LS II Paris Exposition, 1900.

Below left is part of an advertising flyer about the Ohio Tool Co.'s new line of Wood UNXLD planes. All of the different size planes were marked in the 300 series. Right bottom is a No. 194 hardwood mitre box. Above it is a No. 0405 iron box maker's plane. At the top is No. 067 Ohio car beading plane. All of these were from a 1913 No. 23A Ohio Tool Co. Catalogue. OHIO TOOL COMPANY'S UNXLDM-WTCA.ORG PL"NES FACED. WEDGES NICELY FITTED. FINELY VARNISHED. ALL POLISHED BITS. SHARPENED. EBONlZED KNOBS.

20 The Gristmill The pictures on this page come from John Kesterson's Ohio Tool Co. Catalogue called "Ohio Guaranteed Tools" with a Charleston, West Virginia address dated 1914. Notice the large number of concrete tools (many others were displayed in the catalog) shown below.

PL GGING CHISELS, No. 409. CANE SHAPED PI CH BARS, o. 420.

OHIO CURVED JOINTER No. 773. OHIO RAI ED POINTER No. 766.

SOLID IMPRINT ROLLER

S •n. Lon£, 2¼"Jn- Wide. (Beading Trowel). Cuts Groove ~ in. Deep.

GLAZIERS" TOOLS. For Removing Putty. Gle;ming out Sa.sh :ir,d Drivirig Points.

lmn Handle S¼ In. Lon.,:. Size 3½ In. by 8 in.

OHIO C l iRfHNG EDC ER No. 758. OHIO I SIDE SQUARE ANGLE No. 752. OHIO ROTARY JOI TER No. 77 .

Lengtli t)f Cy!i11d~ 2 in. Diameter or Cylindcr 1'" ,n. 6 In. Long, t.¼ in. SEdca.

, 7¼ in. !..on&, 5.½ in.. Wide, 2 in. Turned Edge, 1J ; in. R.uli11

OHIO C RB~GUTTER TOOL o. 755. OHIO CURVE EDGER No. 764.

8 in. Long, 2¼ ln. Sides. I ½' In. Radius. One End Str.ugbt , 6 In. Lon,;, 3 in. Wide. (IN-CURVE) 4½ in. Long, 2 in. Wide, ½ in. Radius, ~ in. Tutned Ed&e. fAN AL TRAI I G BE1 CH. OHIO RADIUSM-WTCA.ORG TOOL No. 762.

! \ HilS Ji in. Radin~.

June 2006 21 Photographs of Ohio Tool Co. Tools Below are photographs of Ohio Tool Co. tools not shown in the 1910 Ohio Tool Co. Catalogue The ones with an* are from John Kesterson's collection and the rest are from your authors collection.

A clapboard gauge*

brass adjusting screws.

is the only broad axe marked Ohio Tool Co. that your editor has seen No. 116 fenced panel raising plane No. 304 wood bottom* showing adjusting mech.

Set of coach makers' planes marked The Ohio Tool Co. No. 099 The above set of pattern 2, 4, 5, 7 & 8 on the front & wedge. combination plane* with all makers planes with one All are 6" long but each slightly its cutters, tools & the box it handle fits all. Patented by different. Marked Ohio Tool Co. on came in. It is much like the Thomas Worall on Aug. 39, 1854 the front & globe logoM-WTCA.ORG on the cutter. Stanley No. 45. & made by Ohio Tool. i Centennial History of Columbus and Franklin County, viii Wooden Planes in 19th Century America Vol. 1 by Roberts Ohio Vol. One 1909 by Taylor. p. 37. ii Ibid, note 6. ix The City of Columbus and its Resources - Souvenir of Ohio iii Ibid, note 5. State Journal p. 46. iv History of Columbus by Hooper p. 220., The City of x Ibid, note 6, Columbus & its Resources - Souvenir of Ohio State Journal xi Ibid, note 3. p. 46 & Centennial History of Columbus and Franklin xii Ibid, note 3. County. Ohio, Vol. One, 1909 by Taylor. xiii Ibid, note 1. v Patented Transitional & Metallic Planes in America 1827- 1927by Smith p. 248. Jack Devitt of Ottoville OH known also as "Just Plane vi A Guide to the Makers of American Wooden Planes by Jack", is the author of Ohio Toolmakers and Their Tools and Pollaks and Elliott p. 305 & 306. is currently working on a similar book on Indiana tools and vii Ibid, note 1. their makers. --Editor

22 The Gristmill Elections Mid-West Tool Collectors Association Elections 2006 The last several years have found some Areas in by George Wanamaker desperate need of a candidate for Director. Now is the time for every member to think about whom, in In 2006, Mid-West Tool Collector's Association will their Area, will make a good representative to help have an election in sixteen of our eighteen Areas. conduct the business of the Mid-West Tool Elections will be held in Areas A, B, C, D, E, F, G, I, Collector's Association. Directors in all Areas J, K, M, N, 0, P, Q, and R. There will be no election should have at least one person you have started to in Areas H and L. Many of the present Directors groom for these positions. are eligible for a second term, see the nomination form, this does not preclude nominating a second When you are asked to take this position, please person to run against them for this office, however. consider carefully, ask the present Directors about what you do and how hard it is to do. It really Nominations will be taken from June 1 until July isn't a difficult position! You may even find you 31, 2006. There is a nomination form in this copy enjoy doing this job. If no nominations are of The Gristmill on page 3 of the wrap. If you wish received from an Area, the Area's senior Director to nominate someone to be Director, please ask will be contacted to find a candidate or candidates that person first. If they agree, fill out the nomi­ for the vacant position or positions. Please be nation form, and return it to George Wanamaker. ready with a nomination. Everyone plays a part! If more than two people are nominated, the two with the highest number of nominations will be WE NEED YOU TO NOMINATE placed on the ballot to be voted on. Thus, every nomination is important! AND BE NOMINATED!

Woodworking Planes - How What's Its

Old? As you probably already know, Milan Ramsey has by John McKiernan passed away, see Obituary page 10, and The Gristmill needs a new columnist for the Whats It column. If you After a study Josef M. Greber states on page 48 of this are interested, please contact the Editor, The book The History of the Woodworking Plane: "Taking Gristmill. into consideration the length of time required to find the right name for an invention and for it to find its way into a foreign language, the plane may date from as early as the fifth century B.C." John M. Whelan tells us in The Wooden Plane on page 3 "The plane, then existed in the fourth century B.C. in Egypt, brought there by the Greeks. It was not known to Homer in the ninth century B.C. This sets a probable time frame, and a reasonableM-WTCA.ORG estimate would place the invention in the Golden Age of Pericles, in the fifth century B.C." BACKTALK A few days ago, I came across an interesting passage in the Bible. In The Book Of Isaiah, Chapter 44, verse This space is for Letters to the Editor, comments on 13: "The carpenter stretches a line and marks with a M-WTCA and its activities, requests for information, stylus the outline of an idol. He shapes it with a plane etc. Please send letters or E-mails to: and measures it off with a compass, making it like a man in appearance and dignity, to occupy a shrine." If Dave Heckel, Editor, The Gristmill this isn't a translation or copy error, it seems to tell us 1800 McComb Street the plane was known to Isaiah in the eighth century Charleston, IL 61920-3137 B.C .. or [email protected]

June 2006 23 Annual Antique Tool Fair and Antique Tool Auction July 7 & 8, 2006 · 600 Lots Sold Each Day Withington Auction Estate· Hillsboro Center, New Hampshire Auctioneer Richard Withington, New Hampshire License No. 1 Join Us for High Summer in New Hampshire!

~ More than 200 Dealer Spaces - Spaces Just $10.00 Each ~ Friday Auction 600 Lots 2:01 p.m. -- Overnight Camping On Site ~ Saturday Auction 601 Lots 9:31 a.m. ~ Tool Fair Opens at Dawn Saturday ~ For Details Call: (800) 869-0695 ~ Plan Today to Make the Trip!

Call for Details: (800) 869-0695

AH Items in AH Auctions Photographed and Available for Secure Online Absentee Bidding at www.mjdtools.com/ auction Fu11 Color. 80 Page Auction Catalogue for the July Sale: $17.95 or Subscribe & Save at www.mjdtools.com Fourth Annual Open House & Antique Tool Auction Friday and Saturday, August 4 & 5, 2006 Martin J. Donnelly Antique Tools· 5223 County Route 8 · Avoca, New York

Special Note: Please plan to join us for a Quadruple Joint Invitational Meeting of the Mid­ West Tool Collectors Association, Early American Industries Association, the Western Tool Trading· Pig Roast· Open House· Auction New York Tool Collectors and the Tool Group of Canada at our World Headquarters Complex in Avoca, New York. Plans call for tool trading on Friday and Saturday, demon­ strations, presentations and more, followed by an auction of 1601 lots called by Live Free or Die Auctioneers Paul Wilmott and Bill Baxter. Registration Details for the meeting are being handled by Western New York Tool Collector's Association President Chuck Wirtenson. To register, please send $5.00 payable to Chuck Wirtenson and indicate whether or not you will be selling.M-WTCA.ORG There is an additional fee of $5.00 fee for each dealer space and an additional $5.00 for the Pig Roast Dinner on Friday night. Chuck Wirtenson Registration Fee of $5.00 President, WNYTCA Includes Donuts & Coffee PO Box 109 there is an additional fee of Verona NY 13478 $5.00 for each dealer space. (315) 363-7682 All Proceeds to Tool Clubs Our auction of 1601 Lots will begin at 9:01 a.m. and will feature the contents of the Case Family woodworking shop from Troy, Pennsylvania. Included are a wide range of power shop woodworking tools and hand tools of every sort. Also included in the sale will be, many other scarce STANLEY items, chisels, edge tools, blacksmith's tools and more. Nearly 10,000 tools will be included in the sale. Auction Preview and Open House All Day Friday. Please plan to join us for an enjoyable day in the country! Please The Donne11y Compound. ca. 1965 check our web site for lodging information or give us a call at (800) 869-0695.

Live Free or Die Antique Tool Auctions - A Division of Martin J. Donne11y Antique Tools - (800) 869-0695 Live Free or Die Antique TOol Auctions The World's Largest Specialist Auctioneers ofAntique Hand Tools . A Division o/Martin J. Donnelly Antique Tools, Avoca, New York

Balance of Auction Schedule for 2006 Listed Auction: Holiday Inn Everett Turnpike Friday, September 8 Nashua, New Hampshire Antique Tool Fair Withington Auction Estate Auctioneer: Paul Wilmott & Catalogue Auction: Hillsboro Center, NH Catalogue Auction: Holiday Inn Everett Turnpike Friday & Saturday Total of 1201 Lots for Two Days! Saturday, September, 9 Nashua, New Hampshire July 7 & 8 Tool Fair at Dawn Saturday Auctioneer: Paul Wilmott Auctioneer: Richard Withington Listed Auction: Ramada Inn Open House Auction Martin J. Donnelly Friday, October 13 Indianapolis, Indiana & Joint Tool Meeting: Antique Tools Auctioneer: Bill Baxter Friday August 4th and Avoca, New York Catalogue Auction: Ramada Inn Saturday, August 5th 1601 Lots Sold Saturday! Saturday, October 14 Indianapolis, Indiana Auctioneers Paul Wilmott and Bill Baxter Auctioneer: Bill Baxter

Special Advance Notice: Coming in Our Fall Auctions ... The Complete Antique Tool Collection of Dr. Ronald Pearson . e are delighted to announce that our Fall 2006 auctions will feature the extensive collection · of Dr. Ronald Pearson of Erie, Pennsylvania in its entirety. The Pearson Collection includes W a superb array of great patented American braces as well as a wide range of other select qual­ ity antique tools. Please plan to join us on September 8th and 9th in Nashua, New Hampshire and on October 13th and 14th in Indianapolis, Indiana as this great collection is sold. Please also note that our October meeting will be held jointly with the Fall Meeting of the Missouri Valley Wrench Collectors Association. The World's Largest Specialist Auctioneers of Antique Hand Tools We will be conducting a minimum of ten antique tool auctions during 2006 as well as 2007 at established ven­ ues throughout the United States. If you have antique tools for sale, whether it be a few items or a large collection, we would like to speak with you about the many advantages of marketing your tools through Martin J. Donnelly Antique Tools. As the world's largest marketers of antique hand tools, we have the ability to achieve the greatest value for your tools and related antiques. FreeM-WTCA.ORG trucking. Please give us a call at (800) 869-0695. We look forward to working with you.

II 'I I Call Today (800) 869-0695

N/odem Climate-Controlled Warehouse and Processing Facility Free Pickup am/ Trucking THE COLLINS COMPANY A Bit of History and Some Marking Information by Tom Lamond© 1999-2006

COLLINS & COMPANY 1826-1834 THE COLLINS MANUFACTURING COMPANY 1834-1843 THE COLLINS COMPANY 1843-1966 Established in South Canton, Connecticut 1826-1828 Location name changed to Collinsville, Connecticut 1828 Remained in Collinsville, Connecticut, until 1966

COLLINS & CO. CAST STEEL HARTFORD WARRANTED An early marking used before the Legitimus symbol was adopted.

~:2 BX SWIFT AVON, CONNo

One of the most prominent labels that evolved after the An early alternative brand marking used by Collins. Collins Company sued competitors for trademark and label It was introduced in 1877 and first registered in 1878. design infringement was the Arm, Hammer & Crown mark Avon is a town that is located between with the word LEGITIMUS. It was registered in 1976. Collinsville and Hartford.

During the 1820s, David Watkinson & Company was wholesale arrangements. The Collins brothers and a supplier of what was considered a superior grade of their cousin formed a partnership specifically for iron. The company was headquartered in the that purpose and proceeded to set up a manufactory Farmington Valley and their customers included in an old mill located on, what at the time was called, blacksmiths who were also located in and around the the Tunxis River. region. Working for the company around 1826 was a man named William Wells. They named the business Collins & Co. The original location was actually in South Canton. The names of Included amongst the relatives of William Wells were both the river and the community were eventually two of his cousins who themselves were brothers. changed. The river was renamed the Farmington River Their names were Samuel W. Collins and David C. and by the early 1830s the name of the community was Collins. The Collins brothers are believed to have changed, by preference of the local population, to either been blacksmiths or directly associated with Collinsville to reflect the primary enterprise of the blacksmiths around that time. As such, they were community. The name change was then connected to aware that axes were forged one by one, which was a the creation of a depot being established by the time consuming undertaking.M-WTCA.ORG Apparently they also railroad largely to facilitate the movement of Collins's knew that in many cases axes could be made more goods. efficiently when better materials were involved. Another consideration at the time was that axes made Like many of the mills and factories of the time, the with Watkinson iron were reputed to be of very high power supply was derived from water. The river was quality which resulted in a considerable demand for quite sufficient for sustaining a flow capable of them. operating the trip hammers along with the grind stones. Unlike most other makers, Collins & Co. David Collins is recognized as the one who came up offered their axes sharpened and honed. This meant with the idea that by using high quality materials, that Collins axes were ready to use when purchased. including the better quality iron obtainable from Watkinson & Company, quality axes could be pro­ Samuel Collins was the business man of the operation duced in a more efficient manner which, in turn, and commencing early in the history of the company he would permit the axes to be sold in bulk under maintained an office in Hartford, a city about fifteen

26 The Gristmill ~-4,

-:,\

In addition to axes and the more common edge tools, Marking used on some Collins made a variety of other forged tools; hammers, light weight hatchets. A sledges, shovels and various agricultural implements. similar mark with the upper They became involved in providing goods to Mexico in wording changed was 1840. used on some axes. ~COLLINS &~ CO.- ( '- HARTFORD Collins's involvement in distributing their products in

June 2006 27 labels and markings used or supplied by Collins at Apparently a number of edge tool manufacturers in various times would take a considerable number of England, especially Birmingham, began identifying pages as would a more detailed discussion of the their goods with markings similar to those used by Collins Company and its history. Such discussions The Collins Company. Although not exact, they were might take into consideration the various tool lines so close that in 1857 Collins brought suit for that Collins manufactured, as well as the time line trademark infringement against about thirty English during which those tools were identified with labels, companies. Collins won the suits and eventually took stampings and/or etchings representing various additional steps to protect their name. Right from brands and/or distributors. It is believed that Collins their beginnings, Collins is known to have used name manufactured over 1,100 different products which fell markings stamped directly into the metal of their into a number of product lines. The product lines axes, but as they had learned that was not enough. included axes and hatchets, machetes, Bowie knives, pikes and a variety of agricultural tools. Many of the In 1875 Collins adopted the trademark depicting a latter were specialized for harvesting fruit. At this hammer in a hand above a crown with the word point the exact number and extent of their brands are LEGITIMUS located below the logo. Collins felt so also unknown but recent research has revealed that strongly about their trademark they even changed Collins also made axes for many distributors, both their primary paper labels. They added the word wholesale and retail, some obscure and some national­ LEGITIMUS and used labels printed by the American ly known. The number of those brands range well into Bank Note Co. The labels had embossed lettering the hundreds. which was actually noted on the label. This mark was registered as No. 3,406 in February of 1876 and soon Many of Collins's products were described with became internationally recognized. non-English names as they were predominantly manufactured for what was called the foreign trade. Quite frequently, Collins applied labels to tools that Those markets were reflected in the names of the already had a stamped marking. Labels were printed brands and markings as Collins included words in in different languages for use in markets where Spanish, Portuguese and occasionally other languages. English was not the common language. The labels This practice started around 1840 when Collins referred to included a warning related to counterfeits. became involved in manufacturing for foreign They also included a notation that the genuine labels markets, starting with Mexico. Shortly thereafter they included raised lettering, something not common with commenced supplying markets in Central America and most labels. South America. Other markets were developed around the Pacific Rim, in Europe and on the Asian mainland. It is known that the name LEGITIMUS and the logo of the crown, arm and hammer were depicted in Other considerations affecting the variety of mark­ advertisements commemorating their 50th ings Collins used involved military marks and tools anniversary in 1876, possibly a few months earlier. actually marked with the proprietary names of a Collins received a number of registrations for number of different distributors. trademarks or trade names from the US Patent and Trademark Office in the early 1880s and another One might find it interesting to learn that the use of series of registrations in the 1890s. paper labels was adopted in the early part of Collins's history. Indications are that such labels were used on Some labels of the 1880 era included the four 1880 some products as early as 1831. Quite possibly the dates. Those labels were printed on black bank note first labeled products were axes but considering the paper by the American Bank Note Company of New breath and diversity of other tools that Collins made it is also possible that other tools were identified with a paper label early in theM-WTCA.ORG company's operation. 00 ....,; 240 " :-0 The quality of Collins's goods eventually resulted in 'N ~ some interesting legal problems. These apparently ~\ COLUNS&_,1 uo .. ~ resulted, in part, from the Collins Company exhibiting ~ "HARTFORD CO. a broad selection of their tools at the Great ~~~~n m LEGITIMUS International Exposition in London in 1851. The CAST STEEL Collins Co. was "commended for their excellence in Heavy stamping l Stamping used used on some axes. A on some picks. workmanship" and for their "fine selection of axes and {:__yet edge tools." This was not the only major or Great (~;~ Exhibition Collins participated in but perhaps it was Markings used on some of the numerous the fact that it was on English soil that influenced the Spanish Pattern axes made by Collins. events that followed.

28 The Gristmill York. Another inclusion on the labels was the statement ... THE GENUINE LABELS HAVE RAISED LETTERS.

As previously noted, such identification was initiated because of product counterfeits that were being marketed that bore markings and/or labels with the name Collins. Apparently some names included a first name or a set of initials in conjunction with the name Collins.

Eventually some other changes were made and it is quite possible some of those changes were initiated in conjunction with the 1876 Centennial Exhibition that was held in Philadelphia. That Centennial commemorated the 100th birthday of the nation and

Collins integrated that into their advertising 1.AAN\ff'AC;TUREO QY T!iE:. COLL.IN$ C0"'1PANY commemorating their 50th anniversary. COU INSIIIL CONN Examples of various paper labels used by Collins. Collins continued to mark their goods over the next Some originated in one color scheme which were ninety years of their existence. They often used the then changed over time. crown, arm and hammer along with the word - "Legitimus" but not every label or marking included those marks. New brands were introduced along with new labels. Some were replaced or updated with String tag attached to newer labels. Color was added to more labels and some axes featured in store displays, ca 1930s. many of the stampings were simplified. They even supplied scores of distributors with goods bearing customized labels. Distribution expanded until the beginning of the 1940s but like all the other axe manufacturers, the war severely impacted on the materials required to continue production as it had been. The demand for machetes seems to have Another Collins brand increased for a while but the introduction of the w/label. Note the chainsaw offset many production increases as axes Registration became less in demand, especially in North America. reference. Apparently the demand in South America was effected less drastically but as time went on that too The name continued to be used by Mann under the was influenced by the use of chainsaws. name of the Collins Axe Co. It was a separate division but by the turn of the century (2000) that too was During the 1950s the Farmington River flooded so facing major changes. The fabrication of iron and steel badly much of the original manufacturing facilities products in the USA was rapidly being replaced by were lost beyond salvage. Rebuilding was minimal manufacturers located in countries far less stringent compared to the prior magnitude of the manufactory. about health and safety concerns. A major name By 1966 Collins had been in operation for 140 years recognized for the manufacture of axes and edge tools but 1966 became the year of a major change. The had come and gone. In its wake there remains North American componentsM-WTCA.ORG of the company were uncountable artifacts that helped to build and mold acquired by the Mann Edge Tool Company of not only this country but many others as well. Lewistown, Pennsylvania. The production equipment was then moved to a Pennsylvania location and I invite your input in the form of label graphics, the facilities in Collinsville ceased to function as a markings, information or comments for any and manufacturing facility. all axe manufacturers. Correspondence is always welcome. COLLINS& CO~ - _· 0 Please Contact: HARTFORD COMMANDER ft: Tom Lamond LEGITIMUS THE COLLINS CO. ~ 30 Kelsey Place More marks used by Collins. Lynbrook, NY 11563-1516 or [email protected]

June 2006 29 Pennsylvania Grain Reaping Sickles by Robert Rauhauser

Let's Talk Misconceptions street antique show, I saw a stand that had the so­ called "left-handed" reaping sickle. I told the old­ "Preserving the Past for the Future." History should timer (probably 70 to 80 years old) who was running be preserved, but it should be accurate, factual and the stand, that I was looking for a right-handed reap­ true, and that's the reason for writing this article. ing sickle, and wondered if he might have one at home to sell, or if he know where I might find one to add to The misconception: That reaping sickles are left­ my collection. I still remember that old-timer looking handed. at me and saying: "Sonny, the one I have to sell is a right-handed reaping sickle!" He went on to explain Over the last fifty years, I've learned so much by talk­ how the reaping sickle is used by holding it in your ing with, and listening to the old-timers, most being right hand and swinging away from yourself, or from 60 to 90 years old. Up to about forty years ago, I too left to right. The old gentleman also pointed out that called the reaping sickle a left-handed reaping sickle, if you used it in your left hand, you would end up cut­ like 90% of collectors still call them today. I hope, ting your right leg. He went on to explain how a thing after reading my article, they will see the light and called a reaping hook was used to hold the grain, and start calling them right-handed Gust being sharpened to keep it from getting away from you while swinging left-handed) Pennsylvania grain reaping sickles. the reaping sickle.

Before we go any further, let me Using the word "Sonny" again, the explain what I mean by "right-hand­ old man said: "Sonny, if you have ed but sharpened left-handed." A THE any kind of good common horse shorter taper, or angle, is formed sense and logic, you won't call the from the thick part of the top blade reaping sickle a left-handed reaping to the cutting edge, while the bot­ PENNSYLVANIA sickle anymore." He did tell me that tom side of the blade is flat. The GRAIN RfAPING SICKLE the tool is sharpened left-handed, angled side should be up when cut­ and then asked me how many left­ ting, and serves to lift the cut straw handed farmers I knew. I thought L HOLO IT IN YOllR up and away from the stubble. This r about it for awhile (I farmed all my means that a sickle swung with the RIGHT A~D AND SW NG life), and had to say "None." I then right hand, in the normal motion , Y ('l~l OURSflF told him that I was now looking for a from right to left, and a sickle - 5 ,. l.il St-ARPf ED left-handed reaping sickle that's swung with the left hand in the fFT-rtAt-.0£0 sharpened right-handed. He opposite direction, would have the answered that I'd never find one taper on opposite sides of the blade. because none were ever made. However, since the Pennsylvania grain reaping sickle is held in the After these forty years, I've never right hand, but is swung from left to seen a left-handed reaping sickle right, it becomes a right-handed sickle, sharpened (sharpened right-handed) in anyone's collection, but I left-handed. often hear antique dealers say "Oh yes! I've had them." I've more or less given up looking for such a Another think I'd like to point out is that all tool after another old-timer said: "You'll never find one Pennsylvania grain reapingM-WTCA.ORG sickles have a serrated because they never made any." He went on to ask me edge to make it easier to slice through dry straw. if I'd ever seen or heard of a left-handed grain cradle, Since the blades are serrated, you wouldn't actually and I had to say that I never had. I still keep asking sharpen them with a whetstone, as such whetting for a left-handed reaping sickle (sharpened right­ would eventually remove the serrations. handed) anyway.

Every collector collects differently. As for myself, all This summer, a friend told me he was sure he had I wanted was to be able to add the "other-handed" what I wanted. I told him all I wanted to do was to reaping sickle to my collection. Other collectors con­ look at it, and I made arrangements to stop around to centrate on names, and try to find as many different­ see it, just to make sure it was really a left-handed ly named reaping sickles as they can. reaping sickle (sharpened right-handed) as he said. Sure enough, it was! However, after looking closer, I About forty years ago, at a New Oxford, Pennsylvania, noticed it wouldn't cut anything because it wasn't

30 The Gristmill sharpened. In the back of my mind, I thought the me listing the names on their sickles. sickle was probably made up as a practical joke (he's a blacksmith), because he know I wanted one in the Everyone has seen the corn cutters that are strapped worst way. My friend told me that he had bought the onto the right leg. I had never seen one for the left leg sickle, and hadn't made it, but I really wasn't inter­ until I saw the collection of corn items owned by my ested in it, even if it was for sale. What happened friend, Jim Moffet, of Illinois. Well, he has one for was that he gave the tool to me, so I can now tell each leg, so I'm not giving up hope of getting to see a everyone that I have a left-handed reaping sickle in genuine, left-handed (sharpened right-handed) my collection. "Pennsylvania Grain Reaping Sickle," or better yet, being able to add one to my collection. I disagree with Eric Sloane, who in his book calls the tool a reaping hook. The reaping hook is the stick Does anyone have a genuine, left-handed (sharpened used to hold the grain from getting away from you right-handed) Pennsylvania Grain Reaping Sickle in while using the reaping sickle. With the reaping their collection? hook, you could also pull the cut grain to you in order to form it into a sheaf. They also used the grain straw I'd like to hear both pros and cons on my article, or itself to tie the sheaves. anything else anyone can add that I haven't covered. Write to Robert Rauhauser, P.O. Box 324, Thomasville, PA 17364-0324.

By the way, my friend Richard Van Vleck, who pub­ lishes the American Artifacts-Scientific Medical & Mechanical Antiques magazines, had a super article on and about the American grain cradle. Patents for My feeling is that the expression, "get it by hook or grain cradles were issued in the United States from crook," came about two hundred years ago. In the 1823 to 1924, or more than one hundred years. U.S.A., the stick used while cutting grain was called Anyone with a computer can visit his website at a reaping hook, while in Europe they were called www.americanartifacts.com. reaping crooks. Does anyone know for sure if this is where the expression "by hook or crook" originated? Today, it seems to mean that someone is going to beat someone else out of something. Back then it meant that the farmer was going to get his grain by hook or What's Your Favorite Tool or crook, or, in other words, wasn't going to let it get away from him. Tool Anecdote?

Still another old-timer pointed out that back in those Everyone has a favorite tool or an anecdote about a days, a crew of four or five men would go into the field tool in his or her collection. What's yours? Share a to harvest the grain. He's another who told me I'd story with other tool collectors. Maybe it is a one-of-a­ never find a left-handed reaping sickle (sharpened kind tool that you have been hunting for a long time, right-handed). He also asked me if I'd ever seen a and finally found at a price that you could, or couldn't left-handed grain cradle, explaining that it wouldn't really afford. work out because everyone else would be using right­ handed cradles. I've never seen or heard of anyone Perhaps it belonged to your grandfather and has a spe­ using a left-handled M-WTCA.ORGgrain cradle. I agree with his cial meaning for you. Or was it just an oddball tool logic. I've never heard anyone ever talk about using that you wouldn't think of giving up. Maybe the tool a reaping sickle; they only speak of using grain cra­ has a story behind it that would interest other tool col­ dles. lectors, as well.

Most reaping sickles were made by, and are signed by Just send a short story and a picture of the tool to Dave Pennsylvania blacksmiths, so I call them Heckel, Editor, The Gristmill, 1800 McComb Street, "Pennsylvania Grain Reaping Sickles." I have a cou­ Charleston, 11 61920 - 3137. ple of right-handed (sharpened left-handed) grain raping sickles, with names such as W. Shaw, C. Miller The deadlines for copy to reach the Editor are January and D. Harman. I know there are dozens of other 10 for the March issue, April 10 for the June issue, names and I would appreciate it if anyone who owns July 10 for the September issue, and October 10 for the a "Pennsylvania Grain Reaping Sickle," would write December issue.

June 2006 31 M-WTCA ADVANCED LEVELS OF MEMBERSHIP AND ADDITIONAL GIFTS FOR 2006

Benefactors Bill Adsit Joel Moskowitz Richard Byrne Keith Cheveralls Pete Niederberger Richard P. Cadieux Andrew D'Elia Allen Roderick Hubie Carney Maurice Gambrel Clifford Sapienza James Cascarano Peter J. Hathaway Michael Sepsey Richard L. Chapman Charles L. Pettett John D. Shaw Tim Clarke Willie Royal Siegfried Snyder Gary R. Coleman Richard S. Schmechel Mark Snyder Bill Collins Gary Studebaker W.L. (Bill) Stover Nelson Jr. Coressel Frederic S. Thompson Peter J. Strasser James Courter Frank Talford Mark W. Stutz Dennis Cramer Paul Van Pernis Robert Valich David Crosser John G. Wells J. Kurt Von Achen Jim Davis Bill Youart Scott Wilson Emmet E. Delay Bob Zoni Jack Devitt Steven F. Dice Sustaining Members Richard D. Dickerson Laurent Adamowicz Contributing Members Thomas Dugan Eric Bernard Grace J. Albrecht Larry Dunbar Edward Blatnick John L. Alexander James Durochia Paul Bond Robert P. Angle James F. Earnhardt Roger Bourgeois Calvin Anthony Roy Ebersole A. Dwayne Broddle Dale Ashdown Dell Edwards William S. Brooks Joe Jr. Aslanian David Elliott Marvin B. Bunn Thomas A. Ballintine George Elsass Alton Cronk James Barbieur Carlton K. Fahler Henry Kirke Cushing Joseph Baron Scott Feeser David Dell John Bellon Alan L. Fetty Nelson Denny Jerome Bernstein Dennis G. Fisher Hollis Feeser Carl Bilderback Michael Fitterling Bob Fields Kurt Bissell John Fitzgerald Thomas L. Gallerani M-WTCA.ORGL.M. Blain Otto LeRoy Fletcher Chalmers Gordon Neil W. Bohnert David Foster Karl Gurlicke Paul Boldt Bob Sr. Francis Ed Hobbs Les Bornhorst Dennis Freund James Humphrey Hoyt Bowen Thomas Friedlander Jared Isaacs Robert Brackett Dennis Fuller Tom Jordens Marjorie Bradley C. Barnes II Gardiner John Kinnemeyer Jim Bramel Michael Garlich Thomas C. & Lorraine Lamond Robert G. Brown Dr. Paul E. Gorham Harold J. Jr. Liberty Robert A. Brown Steven Gretter James Mau Bill Browning Wesley Groot John D. Jr. Miller Thomas R. Bruce Jeff Grothaus

32 The Gristmill Werner H. Gumpertz Sanford Moss Thomas Strader Jonathan Hanke Edward Mueller Douglas Stuart Roy Harmon David L. Murdoch Irene Thompson Chuck Hartman Robert W. Jr. Mustain Richard B. Tobin Wayne H. Ratz Steven W. Neale David Paul Trueblood Terry Haver Suzanne Nelson Roy Underhill Thomas A. Henry Elmer Newman Pete Vaughan Victor III Hill David H. Newton Richard Wade Alan Hochhalter David Nordstrom Jack Wagoner Atlee J. Hochstetler Timothy N ustad Gene Walbridge Cecil E. Holmes Jim O'Brien Ladislaus M. Jr. Walen John N. Hood Roger Oehmke Ron Walter Brian Hopple Timothy O'Hearn Rex F. Wenger Ronald Howard John Olech Al Westmoreland David S. Huntington Wayne R. Olson Arthur B. Jr. White Jan Johnson Norman P. Otto Jon Whitney Duane Johnson Dale A. Patterson Charles N. Williams Glen P. Jourdan Glenn Perrin Donald Wing Patrick Joy Robert L. Petrovic BenM. Wood Josef G. Kamerling Dave Pettrey Lon Woods Gary R. Kane John J. Phelan Gary L. Wright Ron Kaplan William Pickett Thomas Wyman Phillip 0. Keirstead Tom H. Pointer James F. Zboyovsky Ashley Kennedy Herb Proffit Roger D. King Glen Rabe Jim Kirby Joe Ranz Additional Gifts Roger Knieff Jack A. Rhodes Jim Barry Joe Kunz Robert C. Riese Thomas M. Blaisdell Mike Lamarre Bill Robb Joel Blasius Walter T. Lane Tommy Rolund Alson Catledge John Law Matthew Roszkowski Larry Davenport Patrick A. Leach Raymond Rozell Alfred Dobberfuhl Herman Leonhardt Robert Rups Anthony L. Engels Charles Levine Frank J. Scheibert Keith Hakala Robert R. Llewellyn L. Samuel Scheiderer Mark Kuzee Albie A. Jr. Lyman Dennis Schliffke Charles D. Lane Leo Maack Gary Settje Dave Macrae Arthur Jr. Mack George H. Jr. Sherer William C. Martin Ralph W. MacLachlan R. Judd Sherman Lynn C. Meyer Ray McDonald M-WTCA.ORGB. Dwaine Simmons Eileen N aleway Michael E. McGee Steven Simpson William C. Pendleton John McKiernan Greg Simpson Wilfred Petrell Philip McKinney Alf Sjoberg Frank E. Postle Tom McMahon Roger K. Smith Burke Prevratil William McMillen Vincent L. Soukup John A. Reed Frederick D. Mears Leo Stambaugh Doug Thompson John Meneely Michael Stich Richard Varberg Eileen M. Mikat Robert Stidfole Verne E. Vollrath William J. Morgan Harold Stiffler Terry Warncke Thomas Morris Mary Lou Stover Chuck Zitur Mark Morrison Robert Stoxen

June 2006 33 The Henry Disston Fullback by Phil Baker

It seems to never fail. You think you have seen them all and sure enough a never seen before shows. No matter what type of tool you are into there's another around the corner.

Such as it was at St. Charles at the semi-annual fall meet. Oh! I'm into saws. One of our members had a handle 1 3/4" long. That's even further than the 1" - 1 Henry Disston saw circa 184 7 that is similar to the 1/4" found on most back saws. Maybe it wasn't meant Disston half back only this one had it's back extend to to be removed. just before the tip which is shaped in and ogee curve. This oddity drew a group of saw buffs and generated So now it seems we may have one of a kind for no one no small amount of interest. had ever seen or heard of a fullback (my name) by any maker. That is until the Peach Meet in February. When I was fortunate to acquire a full­ back 16" long. I have estimated the date of this saw circa 1852 based primarily on the label screw and handle design. The back is marked Henry Disston, cast steel, warranted and Philada. There are 12 teeth (13 points) to the inch.

Of course I had to clean it. That includes removing the handle. There was bluing under the wood indicating original work was blued. I saw the back was tapered The tool was in marvelous condition, just like new. from 7/16" at the toe to 5/8" the handle. A through The label screw was Disston's 1st type and the handle examination of the back showed it to bed a permanent fit the period. The back was marked the same as the fixture, not to be removed. one shown and seemed to verify the circa 184 7 date. The finish of the blade and back was bright steel, no I believe the purpose of this saw would have been in a blemishes. The handle was like off the shelf. workshop. It would have been the very thing using a pair of bench hooks or other holding device in roughing The blade was not a tight fit in the backs slot to receive out window sash parts or some similar work. It is it. This caused some thought that it was meant to be lighter than a back saw of equal length and feels real removable. Check the 1876 Disston catalog page 42. good in your hand. Not that the removable back looks to be about the size of the back shown. Also note that the back in the cat­ As always has anyone information to add to this. I alog butts against the handle. The back on the St. can't wait for the next one to come to our attention. Charles saw and the oneM-WTCA.ORG shown enters a slot in the Share, it is worthwhile. A Johnstone Saw by Phil Baker

At the meet in St. Charles I had the opportunity to acquire the Johnstone saw.

Irv Schaffer's Hand Saw Makers of North America does not list this maker. The next source, the EAIA Directory of American Tool Makers has one Johnstone listed that worked late 19th century and didn't make saws. Then to Schaffer and Don

34 The Gristmill McConnel's recent publi­ ple I have cation Hand-Saw Makers seen where of Britain. No Johnstones this method there. of fastening the handle I believe this saw is to the blade American made. An apple was used. handle causes me to lean ....______. in that direction. Note the Can anyone manner in which the handle is fastened to the blade. add to the It looks, to me, the same technique used to rivet the knowledge skate to a plow plane has been imployed. The rivet relating to nearest to the grip is a replacement. A nut and bolt this saw? L------,11...1. was in its place when found. This is the first exam- Contact Phil Baker and I'll see that it is published.

I.K. Penfield & Son, Edge Toolmakers, Middletown, CT by Dick Dickerson

I have a drawknife and a couple of chisels marked I. K. on South Main Street near the home of William W. PENFIELD & SON. The mark on the tools does not Wilcox. Elmore Penfield is in the 1877 Middletown include a city. I am familiar with this name in relation City Directory. He is listed as manufacturing vises at to the Wilcox Crittenden & CO. of Middletown, CT. It the Saneer Manufacturing CO. was he and his nephew, Eldridge H. Penfield that started this company in 1847. Another nephew, W.W. His home is still standing. More research will have to Wilcox was employed by them. be done to get the working dates and other tools made. If you have any information please let me know. I can Ira was born about 1806 in Connecticut. Both he and be reached at: his son, Elmore, born 1838, are listed in the 1870 cen­ online: [email protected] sus as an edge tool manufacturers. In the 1880 census Dick Dickerson he is listed as a retired manufacturer and his son as a 32917 Enchanted Oaks lane cabinet maker. He is in both the 1850 and 1860 census. Leesburg, Florida 34 7 48 In 1850 no occupation is given and in 1860 he and his 352-315-0298 son are listed as a manufacturers. His residence was http://www.angelfire.com/wy/mttools/index.html

M-WTCA.ORG

p,arl of TH£ CITY Or

The mark on the left is on the drawknife and the mark on the right on the chisels.

June 2006 35 Who Made the Miller's 1872 Patent No. 50 Plow Plane? by John Wells© 2005

The mystery begins to unfold The case for the Stanley Rule and Level Co. Charles G. Miller assigned his June 28, 1870 patent for Carl Stoutenberg, in his article More on Charles Miller a plow plane to the Stanley Rule & Level Co. 1 Based on published in the Stanley Tool Collectors News3, specu­ that patent Stanley manufactured a very successful lates that Stanley Rule & Level may not have been the line of four Miller's patented plow planes: No. 41 and 43 maker of the Millers patent No. 50 plane. He offers the in cast iron and No. 42 and 44 in gunmetal. Two years following reasons for doubt: there is no evidence that later, Miller was granted a second patent on September Stanley ever owned the patent for the Miller's No. 50, 17, 1872, for a more elegant and elaborately decorated they never offered it in any of their catalogues, and plow plane. He assigned this patent to Oliver Judd and since it was in direct competition with their No. 43 and Charles Blakeslee.2 Planes No. 44 one has to wonder if made under this second they would have carried it patent were offered in the MILLER'S IMPROVED JOINER'S PLOW. as well. It seems unlikely Russell & Erwin Manu­ that Stanley would have facturing Co. 1875 cata­ -~f -- ~,{~ used the number No. 50 to ".,,!;) logue (Fig. 1) (on the same •' ·..· ·... .., ~11:.'.• identify the Light page as Stanley's No. 41 ~r. ~~,,,,. :11• Combination and Beading through No. 44) and were _t&~V _·'.~~ -- plane they made in 1884, if described as the Miller's ~- l(-:..~:c:A::-:a,~;~:lll- . they had previously used ·--~----":: -..i/..:1-~~ > Improved No.50 plow plane. No. 50. that number to identify We do not know of any E.aeh Plane with Tonb'lling Tool and 8 Plow Bits. Miller's 1872 patent plow other edition of Russell & No. 50, Iron Hronzed, i,acn, J8 oo plane. Erwin's catalogue, nor of any other vendor's cata­ The forgoing does not rule Fig.1: Russell & Erwin Mfg. Co. 1875 catalogue, logue that offered this plane In the Paul Van Pernis collection. out the possibility that for sale. Stanley may have manu- factured the No. 50 on contract for the patent holder, We have no specific information on who manufactured Oliver Judd, who may have consigned them to the these planes, although they are often ascribed to the Russell & Erwin Manufacturing Co. for sale. (Judd was Stanley Rule & Level Co. This article will explore a a long time friend of Henry Walter Stanley, the first hypothetical scenario for each of three possible manu­ president of the Stanley Rule and Level Co.) Stanley facturers of the Miller's 1872 patent plow plane: may have reasoned that if they manufactured the Stanley Rule & Level Co., the Judd Manufacturing Co. Miller No. 50 they would profit from its manufacture and Russell & Erwin Manufacturing Co. even if it did compete with their Miller's 1870 patent planes, No. 41 through No. 44. Besides, the Miller's Most of the Miller's patent patent planes Stanley offered No.50's that appear on the mar­ were a more robust line of tools ket are one of the two beautiful­ suitable for use by the profes­ ly made models: One in gun­ sional woodworker. metal (Fig. 2) and one in cast iron finished with a copper The case for the Oliver wash (Fig. 3). There are slight Judd Co. differences between theseM-WTCA.ORG two, In the previously cited article call them 'production' models Stoutenberg provided some primarily the addition of a useful information on Oliver cross brace between the two Judd and Charles Blakeslee. arm locking screws on the cast This information, combined iron model, and the openwork with information from other tracery design in the skate of sources, is summarized here: the gunmetal model but all Fig. 2: Miller's patent No.50 in Gunmetal. examples of each model are Oliver S. Judd was a promi­ consistent. There are additional experimental models nent New Britain resident who operated a successful of the No. 50 which exhibit variations in detail: some hardware manufacturing firm in that city since 1833. are finished in black japanning, and some have recessed Charles Blakeslee became a partner in 1866 when decorative panels on one or two sides of the skate. Judd's brother and nephew left the firm. Judd traded

36 The Gristmill a patented hinge butt machine to Blakeslee for his Over the years the business grew into a large manufac­ share of the partnership, and later Blakeslee sold the turer of builder's hardware. The managing partners machine to the Russell & Erwin Manufacturing Co. gradually changed, the manufacturing facilities were expanded, and modern machinery was added. By 1850 As previously mentioned, Charles Miller assigned his they had a very large manufacturing and warehouse September 17, 1872 patent for the No. 50 plow plane to facility in New Britain and in that year added a 20,000 Oliver S. Judd and Charles Blakeslee. Subsequently square foot foundry building. In 1851 the company was Judd bought Blakeslee's interest in the firm and reorganized into a stock company named the Russell & became the sole owner of the patent for Miller's No. 50. Erwin Manufacturing Company with capital of By 1872 the Judd Manufacturing Co. had grown to con­ $150,000; by 1865 capital grew to $500,000. At this siderable size and was manufacturing window and time they were the leading manufacturer of ornate related builder's hardware in cast iron, brass, and Victorian hinges, locks, and similar items of builder's bronze. hardware.

It is not known if the Judd Manufacturing Co. had the The Russell and Erwin Manufacturing Company ac­ facilities and know-how to manufacture the Miller's quired the patent rights to a pressure casting process No.50 to the standards required for the two often seen when they acquired the Metallic Compression Casting cast iron and bronze 'production' models, but they prob­ Co. around 1879.5 This process allowed them to make ably could have produced the few 'experimental' models bronze castings that reproduced the finest lines, the that turn up in cast iron, sometimes japanned, and most delicate tracery, and the most subtle textured fin­ with recessed decorative panels in one or two sides of ishes free from defects and with out the need for hand the skate. In the previously cited article Stoutenberg finishing. 6 wrote he had seen a No. 50 with "Judd" on it. (A gun­ metal Millers patent No. 50, with "T. Judd" stamped in The Russell & Erwin Company's experience manufac­ the oval panel on the fence, was sold in Brown's 16th turing builder's hardware, their machining and plating auction in October of 1999.)4 capability and most important­ ly their pressure casting Initially, Judd Manufacturing process certainly qualified may have elected to make the them to manufacture Miller's No. 50 in its own plant. This No. 50 plow plane. would explain the occasional model with a black japanned The remaining questions are: finish and the appearance of an how did the Russell & Erwin example with the name Judd on Manufacturing Co. obtain the it. But, difficulties producing patent rights to manufacture consistently satisfactory cast­ the Miller's patent No. 50, and ings for the complex and deli­ why would a big builder's hard­ cately shaped body and fence of ware manufacturer choose to the Miller's 1872 patent No.50's manufacture a single carpen­ may have convinced Oliver Fig. 3: Miller's 1872 patent No.50 ter's tool? There are several Judd that more would be gained in cast iron, copper wash. possibilities - the most obvious by having the planes manufac­ is that Oliver Judd contracted tured by the Russell & Erwin Manufacturing Co. with them to manufacture and market the Miller's Russell & Erwin could use their patented pressure patent No. 50 plow plane. casting process to capture all of the delicate detail in the plane. Getting moltenM-WTCA.ORG metal to flow into all of the The most probable maker was ...... ? intricate shapes of the openwork tracery in the skate of We have three possible makers, well really two if you the gunmetal model would have been a challenge for discount the possibility that the Judd Manufacturing the traditional sand casting techniques used by the Co. may have manufactured the production models. Of Judd Manufacturing Co. and most other foundries at the three, the case for the Russell & Erwin that time. Manufacturing Co. being the manufacture of the Miller's patent No.50 plow plane is well worth consid­ The case for the Russell & Erwin Mfg. Co. ering: The Russell & Erwin manufacturing Co. evolved from a * They were using the pressure casting process in the small machine shop in New Britain, originally owned manufacture of builder's hardware. This process was by Stanley, Clark, and Waters. In 1832 Frederick T. ideally suited to capturing all of the fine detail and tex­ Stanley bought out his partners Clark and Waters and tures in the Miller No.50 plow plane. concentrated on the manufacturer of simple plate locks * They used sophisticated plating and oxidizing to which had previously been imported from England. continued on page 42

June 2006 37 M-WTCA Auxiliary Womens displays from St. Charles, IL meeting last Fall

Wagon Wheel Rugs by Rita Zamzow Wagon wheel rugs look beautiful laid down on a hard­ wood floor. A word of caution: put down a gripper pad My display shows a craft-hobby taken up by my moth­ below the rug as the wool slides easily. To care for er, Lila Rietmann in her retirement years. wool rugs, vacuuming and dry cleaning are recom­ mended. to try making a rug My designing woman is my Mom, Lila Rietmann, who ..--~==~--, after she saw an weaves wonderful wagon wheel rugs . article m a farm paper on Mom is a Designing Woman making them. She by Helen Devitt found the wagon wheel Mom is a Designing Woman was the title selected by rim out in Helen Devitt for her display of Christmas related arti­ the "old farm cles that she has crafted for her family. Helen and her machinery husband Jack have four children so Helen made an junk pile" on the article for each of them and their families. This tradi­ farm. She still tion started in 1995 with a tree skirt which in the dis­ lives on the farm! play surrounded the two trees that were decorated with 24 cross stitched, stuffed Santa faces which are For her first rugs she cleaned out all the closets and ready for giving in 2005. In 1996 Helen made each six attic; using the wool skirts and mini-skirts (5 daugh­ placemats and napkins, 1997 pictured son Brent and ters) blazers, shirts, jackets and coats (5 sons) from wife Michele with mini the 1950s, 1960s and the 1970s. wreath wall hanging and 1998's photo The choosing of fabric is important. You can use cot­ was of daughter ton, wool, or polyester knits. Mom likes to use wool Teresa and fabric because it lays flat the best. husband Ben with their The first rug Mom made was quite a lumpy-bumpy framed Noel affair and didn't lay exactly flat. She had to improve cross stitch. her tension and weaving techniques. Old World Santa's were Choose different colored fabric to give contrasts in the made in 1999 rug. Choose some plain, some plaid and some pat­ from kits pur­ terned fabrics. The Wheel Design of hub and spokes chased on an is what makes your rug so eye-catching. auxiliary tour to M-WTCA.ORGHershners plus each Mom makes many trips to the local St.Vincent's and received a monogrammed Goodwill stores to purchase wool clothing to cut into apron which were originally teaching samples for jun­ strips for rug weaving. ior high classes. The gift for 2000 was a reversible

Auxiliary Officers All materials for The Women's Auxiliary Pages should be sent to: President Susan Witzel Dave Heckel, Editor, The Gristmill Vice President Jean Royal 1800 McComb Secretary Helen Devitt Charleston, IL 61920-3137 Treasurer Barb Slasinski E-Mail [email protected]

38 The Gristmill table runner made for various table sizes and the proj­ dents are John Frank Holmes and Cecil Edward ect for 2001 was cross stitched hostess towels to match Holmes, both of the Hudson community. a candle holder and soap dispenser. Each family received a table cloth in 2002 with a centerpiece of The painting displayed as part of Kathleen's display holly in a Santa hat to match the table cloth fabric in St. Charles, Illinois, was done by a friend, Linda which daughter Valerie shows with her coordinating Stevens in 1977. The technique of using both layered table setting. Daughter Annette seemed pleased in light cardboard and oil paint was developed by her. the photo of herself with her stuffed Christmas tree The layered areas are built up by utilizing these cut embellished with gold bows and flowers. 2004 cardboard pieces and glued into place, then painted Christmas brought mantle scarves made to order to with the oil paint. each family and pictured with three of Helen's grand­ daughters by their 90 inch mantle. So now the chal­ Meeting Designing Women lenge has become to find a new and workable project for the next year. Hopefully this sharing of talents by Linda Wade and gifts will give Helen and Jack's children and grandchildren memories of Christmas past. In June when I left the M-TCA meeting in Decatur I just knew I couldn't come up with anything for a dis­ A Place of History play about Designing Women. However, three days later I accompanied my husband to Southampton, by Kathleen Holmes Ontario, for his annual summer usic program with some young people. While in town for lunch and to Cecil's great-grandfather, James Holmes and his wife, look around I saw a store with a business sign that Ann, and three children immigrated to the United said DESIGNING WOMEN. I couldn't believe it! I States in 1854, entering through Canada. They lived got acquainted with for several months in northern Canada as James business owners and worked for the railroad, earning enough to move the they graciously let family on West into the United States. me photograph their James and Ann then moved to near New Glarus, inside Wisconsin where three more children were born. They out, and ask lived there for nine years until James and his eldest them ques­ son, Richard (now 21), walked fifty miles to the near­ tions. I was est railroad, came to the Waterloo area, inspected land limited m on foot, and selected land near Hudson, Iowa. In my time in 1863, the family moved through a country that was the area and wild and unbroken, traveling with three covered wag­ of course they ons (two drawn by horses and one by oxen) and 80 had customers head of livestock. to tend to, but was able to accumu­ 1882, James late enough information to Holmes purchased present these unique designing women in a display. a mill located on the banks of Twin sisters Debbra and Dawna grew up in Pt. Elgin, the Black Ontario. They received their college education in Hawk Creek nearby Barrie. The following years brought marriage near Hudson and work in Toronto. They did floral design work for M-WTCA.ORGand convert­ many places in the Toronto area, including huge wed­ ed it into a dings at the Royal York Hotel. Seven years ago grist mill. Dawna and Debbra decided to return to the area of The grinding their childhood home and set up a business together. stones had They chose Southampton, a resort town, at the base of been quarried the Bruce Peninsula and just five miles from Pt. from the head of Elgin. Their business would be basically one of inte­ the River Seine near rior design. Paris, France. The grind­ ing stones are now part of a museum located near What to call their new business? Since they are twins, Hudson, Iowa. one of the names they considered was Mirror Image. However, they finally chose Designing Women, and James died in 1895 and Ann in 1892. Their descen- yes, it is because if the TV series starring Delta

June 2006 39 Burke. The twins are very busy these days with their The Women's Heads card was done especially to high­ gift and idea store and their complete home decorat­ light the Designing Women theme. ing service. They have many local clients and also travel throughout southwestern Ontario (3 hour trips) Also included in Harriot's display, each on separate using their twenty plus years of experience to help button cards, were: small smoky pearls with designs, homeowners create very personal living spaces. etched or cut; shell buttons; china buttons; marine life; realistics (buttons shaped like the original item These twin designers attend decorating seminars and made just for display); flowers; birds; flowers in around the world and in their travels look for unique containers; and insects and butterflies. Harriot is furniture and home decor products. In my display always glad to "talk buttons." there were several photos of the variety of merchan­ dise they have in their store. Among those photos is a quote from a summer resident, "Oh, I love to go in Designing Women - Then their store. They have such great ideas and cool and Now stuff!" Among the other items in my display (wallpa­ per, fabrics, paint chips, room sketches) was the by Susan Witzel twins' scrapbook record, with paint color numbers, of the local project they did, decorating the recently designing restored lighthouse keeper's house on Chantry woman, claimed Island, just offshore at Southampton. Susan Witzel in her display for One of the quotes in Debbra and Dawna's website St. Charles. is, "We will combine color, texture, and fabrics to The women give your home depth and visual impact, rhythm of today are and balance." "designing women" as Designing Buttons evidenced by the clothing by Harriot Baker they choose to wear, the way Harriot Baker's button collection of seven years is they design and growing. She looks in antiques stores for buttons to plant their gardens, add to her collection but says the best buttons to be the way they choose the found will be at a show or an online auction. Her fabrics and piece their quilts or advice for anyone thinking they would like to begin do their knitting and crocheting, by the way their collecting buttons is to join the National Button homes are decorated. Especially if it is in "early Society and to also find a local club. Her other sugges­ tools" or by the way they sew their clothes or make tion is to be sure to put the buttons on cards so you their jewelry, or by the ways they cook or entertain, know what you have. and by the way they live their lives each day.

Her collection at St. Charles highlighted some of the Scrapbooks made by an elderly woman in her com­ newer button cards she has made to display her collec­ munity were featured, depicting pictures of Sarah tion. By using a magnifying glass, viewers were able Bernhardt and other actors and actresses of the to enjoy the beautiful early 1900s. Styles of dress, Sarah Bernhardt play patterns and carved posters designed by Mucha, and advertisements and designs at closer theatre reviews are all included in the books which M-WTCA.ORGrange. Each is were made by pasting the items in two American a "work of art" Brake Company catalogues from 1900 - based in St. in miniature Louis, Mo., USA and featuring locomotive and truck form. From brakes. A Supplement to Woman's Weekly entitled the modern Home Arts and Entertainment, 1922 Edition, and a (after 1920) Better Homes and Gardens Golden Anniversary 50th glass but­ anniversary issue published in May, 1935, featured tons, to the articles on: Costumes for a masquerade party, antique black Money-making entertainments for churches and glass and the clubs, How to entertain seasonally, The woman over lovely enamels, forty, and exercises for Changing one's weight. all lent a special beauty to the display. Handwork and jewelry crafts, then and now were on

40 The Gristmill display; from an old crocheted hanging pincushion to fabrics from which they were sewn have deteriorated newly crocheted holiday coasters and filet crochet beyond repair. done by friends, bracelets and purses made by grand­ daughters, a crocheted black button bracelet made Many hours of research go into reproducing a doll so by Susan's mother, and a calligraphy done by her that she accurately portrays the antique from which daughter. she is copied. Before I reproduce a doll and the cos­ tume, I research the era from which the doll was made, Susan hoped everyone enjoyed her "hands on" dis­ the history of the doll and toy factories, old pattern play and hoped that some of the things would bring books, department store catalogs, periodicals such as to mind memories of "designing women" we all have Petersen, Godey, Delineator, Buttrick, etc., and current known - both past and present. Rejoice in your tal­ auction catalogs such as Theriaults. Prior to sewing ents as a "designing woman" of today. the costume, I first study photos of dolls dressed in original ensembles; especially desired are photos show­ ing both the front and back views of an antique cos­ Fashion Designs for Dolls tume. There are also many patterns available in the doll industry that one may study. One excellent source by Sue Page for antique doll patterns is the Gildebrief mag­ Being awarded Best of Show at the M-WTCA St. azine produced in Charles meet for my Designing Women display, Germany. After Fashion Designs for Dolls, was a delightful surprise. determining My display included some of my very special reproduc­ the style that tion antique dolls surrounding my treasured Howe I will sew, I sewing machine, which was patented in 1847 along prepare a with documentation about the history of the doll indus­ pattern and try in France and Germany during the late 19th and sew a muslin early 20th centuries. My heartfelt thanks to the trial to fit the women who make up this special auxiliary and do so doll. I may do much work to make it successful. this several ~IIIIIIIIIIIJU.: times before I Since early childhood, I've had an on-going love affair am satisfied that with dolls of all kinds. My collection includes my sweet the fit is correct. ,___-·-..:...:."'-~· .;.M.__ 10-inch composition baby doll that I received at age 2, When I have the pattern corn husk dolls, dolls from around the world, and exact, I then search through my stash of fabrics, laces, antiques dolls obtained at auctions and antique marts trims, buttons, etc., and choose items for the design as well as the dolls that I have personally made. One that I will sew. category of dolls that I knew nothing about came to my attention in 1987 when I attended my first antique doll The tools required for my work leads me to search for and toy show in Iowa City, Iowa. On that day I knew aprons and clothing made of vintage fabrics, old baby's that I wanted to know more about these beautiful 'toys' clothing, gloves decorated with tiny buttons, flowers on from my great grandmother's era, and to study the hats, hats to be cut down to doll size, leather techniques required to reproduce them. coats/gloves for shoes and purses and to repair worn leather bodies. My affiliation with the Doll Artisan Locating a doll studio in the Chicago area, I studied for Guild, the United Federation of Doll Clubs, and the three years completing the number of hours required Costumer's Guild has been a valuable asset to my to earn the credentials of Certified Doll Artisan. work. Having successfully learnedM-WTCA.ORG the techniques of working with molds, porcelain slip, cleaning, firing and paint­ The Golden Age of Doll Making in France lasted from ing the dolls, I purchased a kiln and set up my home about 1850 to 1895. While Germany also is known for workshop. While reproducing the dolls is challenging producing wonderful toys and dolls, only the dolls of and rewarding, my greatest pleasure comes when my France, the fashion capitol of the world, were dressed doll is costumed in a beautiful ensemble similar to the in the elegant ensembles made by the dressmakers of antique dolls. Paris. German dolls were dressed more simply and in fabrics of lesser quality. The French continued to The antique dolls made in France and Germany during patent more and more complex inventions for their the late 19th century were dressed in elegant ensem­ dolls such as throwing kisses, walking, talking, and to bles similar to the styles worn by the children of the dress them in ever more elaborate ensembles until time. Unfortunately, many of these wonderful ensem­ their higher priced dolls could no longer find a market. bles have not stood the test of time and the beautiful Due to international competition mainly from

June 2006 41 Germany, the Golden Age of Doll Making in France the old French and German dolls as well as dolls being ended in the last years of the 19th century. At this sculpted by today's contemporary doll artists which time, the doll manufacturers of France formed what is can be had for a much lesser cost. Plaster molds are known as the Societe Francaise de Fabrication des made from the antique or newer doll heads so that one Bebes et Jouets (or the Society for the Manufacture of can reproduce a likeness of these dolls. It is a satisfy­ Dolls and Toys, better known by the initials of ing but challenging endeavor. The number of people S.F.B.J.). Unfortunately, due to the necessity for cost collecting dolls has exploded in the recent past, and it cutting and the loss of interest by the major "Golden is these collectors and the reproduction doll artists Age" firms, the quality and beauty of the more famous who seek experts to repair, wig, and costume their doll making firms was not exhibited in the subsequent dolls. dolls manufactured by S.F.B.J. In addition to making and dressing dolls for my collec­ The German doll industry continued to thrive until the tion, I exhibit my doll costumes for sale at area doll onset of World War I when doll making in Germany shows and occasionally teach doll sewing at doll stu­ stopped. During this period the American doll indus­ dios and conventions. My love for dolls has afforded try expanded, filling the void left by Germany. While me the opportunity to meet and work with wonderful the German toy and doll industry returned after the friends who also share my passion for the history and war years, it never again gained its competitive edge. manufacture of toys and dolls from the time our great­ While antique dolls can still be purchased, auction grandmothers lived. prices have skyrocketed in recent years to as high as thousands of dollars for a doll. Since the mid 1950s, a For more information please feel free to contact Sue at new market has proliferated for the reproduction of 563-386-2042 or e-mail at: [email protected]

Who Made the Miller's 1872 Patent No. 50 Plow Plane? continued from page 37 apply attractive finishes to builder's hardware. Doing If you wish to champion a different maker, please do so the copper plated wash on the cast iron model of the and share your thoughts with the readers. Perhaps we No.50, would have been very easy, and a natural choice can get a good lively exchange of information going. for them. * They had substantial machine shop facilities, more than adequate to do the small amount of simple ma­ Comments, suggestions, and additional information are chining required on the No. 50. always welcome. Email: [email protected]. * They marketed hardware products by other makers as well as products of their own manufacture. * Assuming the Judd Manufacturing Co. contracted 1 Stoutenberg, Carl: More on Charles Miller, Stanley Tool with them to manufacture and market the No. 50 on a Collectors News, No. 16, winter 1995, p.28. cost plus commission basis, they had very little finan­ 2 Ibid. Miller's 1872 patent for his second plow plane and cial downside risk, and would profit from both the man­ his 1873 patent for his tongue and groove plane were both ufacture and sale of a beautiful new tool. assigned to Judd and Blakeslee according to Stoutenberg. * Stanley did not at that time have their own casting 3 Ibid. facilities, and they favored a more robust design for the 4 T. Judd may have been a descendant or relative of Oliver Miller's patent planes they offered. Judd. M-WTCA.ORG5 In the pressure casting process tremendous pressure is A variant of this scenario would have been for Judd applied to the molten metal forcing it into all of the minute Manufacturing Co. to have contracted with Russell & recesses in the casting mold. It was probably the process Erwin to make the castings and then do the machining covered by Joseph Smith's, patent No. 90,318, issued May in their own shop. 18, 1869, assigned to the Metallic Compression Casting Co. which was acquired by the Russell & Erwin Mfg. Co. around 1869. (Antique Doorknob Collectors of America, Other writers favor different scenarios, one of which is web site.) that Charles Miller made the No. 50 plow planes in his 6 J. D. Van Slyck's: New England Manufacturers and contract shop at the Stanley Rule and Level Co. and Manufactories, Vol. II, p.517 - 522, published in Boston In consigned them to the Russell and Erwin 1879. Manufacturing Company for sale. 7 This certainly 7 Walter, John & Randa: Charles Miller's 1872 Patented would have been possible if done before Miller assigned Plow Planes, Stanley Tool Collectors News No. 15, summer his 1872 patent to Oliver Judd and Charles Blakeslee. 1995, p.10 - 11.

42 The Gristmill TONY MURLAND INTERNATIONAL TOOL AUCTION Wednesday, August 2nd 2006 At The Cedars Hotel, Stowmarket, Suffolk, England

Tony Murland presents an outstanding International Auction of antique and useable woodworking tools, including carved planes, dated planes, an original Cabinetmaker's chest complete with contents, ancient Chinese axes, woodworker Okimonos, ivory and bone tools, a tremendous selection of carving tools, chisels and gouges, a fine kitchenalia section, an excellent selection of infill planes, rare NORRIS, SPIERS, MATHIESON planes, tools by HOLTAZPFFEL, PRESTON, STANLEY, braces, plumb bobs, spirit levels, and a fine Tool Are Art Section.

M-WTCA.ORG For fully illustrated and indexed colour catalogue please send cheque for US $-15 or credit card details to the address below, or you may contact Martin J Donnelly (tel. 607 566 2617 or email [email protected])

TONY MORLAND AUCTIONS, 78 HIGH STREET, NEEDHAM MARKET, SUFFOLK, IP6 SAW, ENGLAND Telephone 011-44-1449-722992 FAX 011-44-1449-722683 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.antiquetools.co.uk Quality Consignment always welcome - do contact us for details 10%Buyer's Premium Not solds £-I

****** PLEASE DO VISIT OUR WEBSITE OFFERING AN EXCELLENT RANGE OF TOOLS ****** www.antiquetools.co. uk 27th ANNUAL DARLEY'S BARN (Area F) TOOL MEET & AUCTION SUNDAY, AUGUST 27, 2006 in South Whitley, Indiana

Please join us (along about dawn until 1 PM) for coffee, tool buying and selling, the Best Little Tool Auction in Indiana, excellent woodworking demonstrations, and a great Darley's lunch. Don't forget that we will again be handing out at least $500 of our famous "Darley's Bucks" for Best Tool Display, Most Positive Attitude, and Random Acts of FUN! The display theme is "Tools made, invented, patented or used in the Midwest". Tell us all what you know of the tools and the people who used them (The history of the user or users are as interesting as the tools themselves). Please follow all the display rules published in the MWTCA Directory.

Auction highlights include an Ohio Tool No. 01 smooth plane, Ivory rules, patented calculating rule, outstanding saws by Disston, Atkins, McParlin & Simmons, patented tools from Indiana, Illinois, Michigan & Ohio. Ivory tipped Boxwood Plow Plane, Patented scrapers, Fitchburg Level, Hammers, Plumb Bobs, Planes by Stanley, Birmingham, Rockford, Marsh, Standard Rule Co., small gunsmith's tool chest, and much more. A full color auction catalog will be available June 15, 2006.

Always remember, and never forget NO BUYERS FEE! (Ain't never had none, and ain't gonna get none!). KIDS are welcome and FREE! NO seller or table fees! Sunshine guaranteed! FREE Parking!

THIS IS THE ONLY NOTICE YOU WILL RECEIVE, SO PLEASE USE ONE OF THE FOLLOWING FOUR WAYS TO REGISTER

OPTION 1: Go to our website (http:/ /web. ics. purdue. edu/ ~cjb/ areaf), print the color auction catalog and registration form, and then mail in registration form and fees. Cost $21 per member, & $17 per guest or spouse. (Note that you save $5 by printing your own catalog and registration form.)

OPTION 2: Fill out the registration form below, return it by mail along with a SASE and fees. The color auction catalog will be returned to you by mail. Cost $26 per member & $17 per spouse or guest.

OPTION 3: Can't attend, but want the color catalog and absentee bidding form? Send $5 and SASE to the address below. (Or down load it free from the website.)

OPTION 4: Register at the door: Cost $40 per person (includes color catalog, lunch and coffee). M-WTCA.ORG MEMBER NAME (Your Badge) ______$26. SPOUSE NAME 17 GUEST NAME 17 GUEST NAME 17 YOUR PHONE # ( ) ______TOTAL MAIL TO: Chris Berger 915 Hall Rd. West Lafayette, IN 47906 Phone: (765) 497-7139 Thousand's of Quality, Unusual and Collectible Antique Tools At Public Auction Saturday September 15th 10 AM We are Privileged to Sell the Estate & Lifetime Tool Collection of Howard Junck from Ogden, Iowa. This is an early notice for the Saturday September 15, 2006 Auction This auction will be held at a public building in Ogden, Iowa @ 10 AM Call for a flyer or see our website for full details! www.TomHarrisAuctions.com This auction will include literally thousands of tools to be sold in individual & group lots. Unique & unusual wrenches, hand tools to large wrenches, machinist tools, Railroad, Telephone & many others. We are just getting started sorting through this collection, Please Call For A More Detailed Flyer For This Great Auction!

M-WTCA.ORG

Tom Harris Auctions 203 S. 18th Avenue Marshalltown, Iowa 50158 Absentee, Phone & eBay Live Bidding Available NO Buyers Premium! 641-754-4890 www.TomHarrisAuctions.com Custom NAKERS STAMPS Plane Makers Floats Chisels - Irons + more Send for brochures MAZZAGLIA TOOLS 12 Palmer St. Salem, NH 03079

Always buyina Always Selling Pete Niederberger Uled ud Antique Toob and Parts for Same Mail Order Call Me and Come to the Shop _.15-9U-MOJ pniederber@aolcom

A-1 LEVEL REPAIR Most brands repaired and restored

Bob and Diane Skogman 18639 - 327th Ave . Isle, MN 56342-4784 Phone: 1-320-684-2078 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.a1 level repair.com "WE'RE ON THE LEVEL!"

Planning an Auction or Sale? WVTools.com For best results, place your advertisement or auc­ tion listing in The Gristmill, where you will find fellow tool collectors who are anxious to buy your Antique, Collectible, and User Tools tools. If you are looking to buy or sell tools, or ****** looking for information or research, check out the Large Selection, Always Changing ****** Marketplace, our advertising page. Wide Range of Quality & Price Information and deadlines are listed in the back Online Store & Ebay Auctions of this issue, and in every issue of The Gristmill. Internet Sales of Select Tools from 5 There is a new policy regardingM-WTCA.ORG advertising. The Antique Malls in WV and VA Gristmill will no longer accept advertising for a date sensitive event that will occur during the Several Show Booths; Locations and month of The Gristmill's publication. For exam - ple, an ad for an auction on March 25th that is to Dates on Website -­ be placed in the March issue. http://www.wvtools.com

For details contact Paul Gorham, M-WTCA John M. Harper Advertising Director, 811 Robin Glen, Indianola, Lerona, WV IA, 50125 - 1086, phone (515) 962-5207 E-Mail: 304-384-7 696 [email protected] [email protected]

46 The Gristmill Marketplace

Wanted Wanted For Sale

Wanted: Need cast iron handles Wanted for Research: Information For Sale: From Crafts Museum: (totes) and /or knobs to restore early on The Crescent Machine Company. Woodenshoe carver's spoon auger 0. R. Chaplin Planes. Possibly Catalogs, advertising items, corre­ (mine) AND a pair of hand carved could use other parts. Contact Len spondence, photographs - looking baby shoes AND or wooden shoe Blaylock, #3 Hornrimme Court, for anything from The Crescent booklet - $130, "Ice tools and how to Maumelle, AR 72113 (501) 851- Machine Company ofLectonia, OH - harvest" $3, wooden shovel hand­ 7863. [email protected]. originals or copies. Also looking for carved and signed by Harvey Ward serial number information from (born 1892), AND shovel booklet woodworking machines made by $90. 11458 N. Laguna Dr., Mequon, Wanted: Tools of any sort made by Crescent. Keith Rucker, PO Box WI 53092 (262) 242-1571. the Sandusky Tool Co. I don't have 181, Tifton, GA 31793 Email:kruck­ them all yet! Also, catalogs, adver­ [email protected] (229) 385-8733. tising and related material. John Website: www.owwm.com Walkowiak, 3452 Humboldt Ave., Minneapolis, MN 55408 (612) 824- 0785. [email protected] Wanted: Antique Metal Working Measuring Tools, especially Wanted: Winchester items, tools, Micrometers. State Brand and sporting goods or advertising. No Patent Date, Photo or Sketch. firearms. Collections or pieces OK. Dawson, 3524 SE 22nd Ave. Ocala, Please advise price and condition. FL 34471 David McDonald, 14211 Kellywood Lane, Houston, TX 77079 (281) 558- 5236, [email protected] Advertising Information ISSUE COPY DEADLINE DISPLAY ADS - RATES Wanted for research: PLANES by J. March January 10 Size Cost Word Limit SIEGLEY, E. HAHN, STANLEY­ June April 10 Full page, 4-color, SIEGLEY StS, SsS and SbS, related September July 10 (when available) $275 900 catalogs, advertising, packaging, December October 10 Full page $180 900 letterheads, photographs, corre­ Half page $105 450 spondence, contracts, etc. John CLASSIFIED ADS - RATES Quarter page* $60 225 $ .18 per word - ALL words. Other sizes $9.50 per column inch Rumpf, P.O. Box 506, James Creek, $3.50 minimum per ad. (1 column approx. 2-1/4" wide.) PA 16657 (814) 658-9959 wall­ 25 word limit. [email protected] NEW POLICY: The Gristmill will no longer accept advertising for a date sensitive event, that will occur during the month of The Gristmill's publication. For example, an Wanted: Axes and other edge tools ad for an auction on March 25th that is to be placed in the March issue. marked John Leverett and or * For layout purposes, all quarter page ads must be the following size. 3 1/2" wide X 4 N apanoch Axe and Iron Co. Also 7/8" tall. tools marked D.C.StoneM-WTCA.ORG Napanoch. Robert Arra 63 Main St. Napanoch Typesetting and borders are not included in the page rates. Special artwork will be N.Y. 12458 (845)797-2556 charged at cost. We must have a sketch or rough drawing indicating how you want your [email protected] ad laid out. Camera Ready ads are accepted at no additional charge. For your protection and complete satisfaction, ALL ads should be typewritten and dou­ ble-spaced. If this is not possible, please PRINT legibly.

Payment must accompany ad. Make checks payable to M-WTCA. At this time, advertis­ ing will be accepted only from M-WTCAmembers in good standing. For information and membership application, contact Paul Gorham at the address below or one of the offi­ cers whose address is shown on the inside front cover of this publication. Send all ads to: Paul Gorham, 811 Robin Glen, Indianola, IA 50125 (515) 962-5207 E-Mail: [email protected] or [email protected]

June 2006 47 It is JJlane to see who sells the best! The 28th International Antique Tool Auction

Wood Everlasting Chisel Set Bailey Vertical Post $13,650.00 No. 1 Size Plane $28,600.00 -o~·' ~c~ ~ th ~e,1-\ The 29 International Antique Tool Sale & Auction SHERATON INN OCTOBER 20 & 21, 2006 HARRISBURG, PA

Thinking of selling part or all of your collection? We still have room for consignments in our sales. So don't be fooled by imposters. Give us a call before you commit. It does not cost more to go with the best.

Brown Auctions, 27 Fickett Road, Pownal, ME 04069, 1 (800) 248-8114 Fax 1 (207) 688-4831 Order your catalog or view items online at www.FineToolJ.com/Browns

Please send __ catalog(s) for the 29th International Antique Tool Auction on October 21, 2006. $28 US & CANADA. $34 US for Overseas Airmail. Includes Prices Realized. Or both __ 2006 AuctionM-WTCA.ORG Catalogs. $50 US & CANADA. $60 US for Overseas Airmail. Includes Prices Realized. April Auction catalog mails when ordered. Visa/Mastercard No. ______Exp.Date: Phone: ______Signature: ______Name: ------Address: ______City: ______State: __ Zip: ______

No Fuzzy Numbers. No Hype. No Spin. Just a Solid Maine Business Doing Business the Old-Fashioned Way with Service, Quality, and Integrity. DIRECTOR NOMINATION FORM

Please use the form at the bottom of this sheet to nominate a director for your Area. Dedicated directors are vital to the wellbeing of M-WTCA, and your nomination of outstanding candidates is essential to the election process. This is your only notice. Send your nomination in as soon as possible. The deadline for receiving nominations is August 1, 2006.

Nominees should be: • Willing to Serve. Please contact them before nominating them. • Able to attend national meetings regularly. Interested in attending, hosting and promoting Area meetings. • Ready to represent their area at Board of Director's meetings. • Interested in promoting membership in M-WTCA on a local and national basis.

Nominations are required in the Areas indicated: • All Areas indicated need to elect one director except area P which needs two directors. • Incumbents who are eligible to run for a second term are so indicated. But, they must be nominated and elected. Others may be nominated to run against them. • Where the incumbent is not eligible to run for another term at least one new member must be nominated. • Directors may serve two consecutive terms and then must rest out of office for one year before repeating.

Area States, Canadian Provenances, and other Countries Incumbent Eligible to run whose term for another expires term A --~~e_sota, North Dakota, South Dakota, Manitoba Eric Mattson Yes --·-·-·- .. ·-·--·-···-··-·-- ···-············ ···-··· ·-· -- - B Wisconsin Gary Kane Yes •-······ -·····-··'"····-··-

C Michig_~p., Ontario John Sindelar Yes_,_.,_ - D Iowa, Nebraska Fred Leu Yes -•---H-HOHO•••Ho-•••H• - - E Illinois David Heckel No ·- ·------··· - F Indiana Carl Bilderback Yes -·- --- - Dennis Eckstein G Ohio -- - - Yes - H Conn., Maine, Mass., New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Vermont, (No election) England, France, Germany, Australia, Italy, Nova Scotia, Quebec, Spain, Scotland, Noiway, Ireland. I K~nsas, Oklahoma, Texas Bud Blake Yes - --· --- " J Missouri Joel Ho~ - Yes

K Arkansas2 Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Tennessee And Hart Yes f------L Colorado, Idaho2 Montana, New Mexico, Utah, Wyoming, Alberta - _ (No electionL M Alabama, Georgia, ~outh Carolina Doug Fowler _ ... No ~ - Yes N Florida -- - ,..:Y incent Soukup -· 0 Alaska, Arizona, Calif. Hawaii, Nevada, Oregon, Washington, British Robert Gilmore Yes Columbia ---··-··· _,. .. __ .,. ---·------p Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Virginia William Warner No

~------Q North Carolina Robert Oehman - Yes - M-WTCA.ORG - - R New York Walter Karsten Yes

Send this Nomination Form to the V.P Elections to arrive not later than August 1, 2006.

George Wanamaker, V .P. Elections 321 S. Lafayette Macomb, IL 61455

I nominate - - for the office of Director in Area I have _ have not _ talked to him/her. (Please check one) Nominating members name ______and signature ______