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Transinformação ISSN: 0103-3786 ISSN: 2318-0889 Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas

COSTA, Michelli Pereira da; LEITE, Fernando César Lima in the world and : A review since the Budapest Open Access Initiative Transinformação, vol. 28, no. 1, 2016, January-April, pp. 33-46 Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas

DOI: 10.1590/2318-08892016002800003

Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=384354425004

How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America and the Caribbean, and Journal's webpage in redalyc.org Project academic non-profit, developed under the open access initiative OPEN ACCESS IN THE WORLD AND LATIN AMERICA 33 ados no estudo. no ados : M.P. COSTA. E-mail: COSTA. M.P. : n events and initiatives and events n O período, O que período, representa a eriod, which represents the represents which eriod, . s novas fases. Com a finalida- a Com fases. novas s rativa rativa descritiva temporal dos e influenced by other regions other by influenced e ção ção da Budapest Open Access With the purpose of providing of purpose the With n Access Initiative. The second The Initiative. Access n y the proposed systematization proposed the y a. Como resultado é apresentada work were organized under two under organized were work icos da constituição do Movimento do constituição da icos Correspondência para Correspondência , , Campinas, 28(1):33-45, 2016 jan./abr., ne of open access in the world and world the in access open of ne ernational and regional constitution regional and ernational dos neste trabalho foram organizados foram trabalho neste dos a Informação. Edifício da Biblioteca Central, : Informação Trans ento do objetivo desta pesquisa na medida em que analisa as iniciativas de acesso Budapest Budapest 1 Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, 70910-900, Brasília, DF, Brasil. Correspondence to/ Correspondence Brasil. DF, Brasília, 70910-900, Ribeiro, Darcy Universitário 1 partir da Campus since the América América Latina. aberto. Acesso científica. Informação

: de linha do tempo do acesso aberto no mundo e na América Latina, expondo os principais pontos abord pontos principais os expondo Latina, América na e mundo abertono acesso do tempo do linha de : Latin America. Open access. Scientific information. Scientific access. Open America. Latin : stract . 3/25/2015. in approved and 2/26/2015 on resubmitted 10/25/2014, in Received Universidade Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Ciência da Informação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência d Mezanino, Leste, Entrada http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2318-08892016002800003 uma proposta uma A sistematização proposta permite o cumprim aberto na América Latina e como elas e influenciaram influenciadas foram por regiões outras do mundo Palavras-chave 1 Em 2012 o Movimento de AbertoAcesso à informação científica comemorou seus dez anos de existência. da planejamento o permitir a forma de analisado sido tem movimento, do consolidação de fase primeira histór aspectos aborda trabalho presente o discussões essas para contribuir e instrumentalizar de de de Acesso Aberto em nível internacional e regional. A abordagem foi desenvolvida a partir de uma nar trata elementos Os tema. o sobre científica literatura pela apontadas iniciativas e fatos principais sob dois parâmetros: o primeiro é referente a uma perspectiva temporal, definida a partir da Initiative; o segundo publica diz respeito a um recorte regional que destaca a participação da América Latin of the world. the of Keywords Resumo tools and contributing to these discussions, the article addresses the historical aspects of the int the of aspects historical the addresses article the discussions, these to contributing and tools mai the of narrative temporal descriptive a from developed was approach The Movement. Access Open of study present the in discussed elements The subject. the on literature scientific the in identified Ope Budapest of publication the from defined perspective, temporal a to refers first The parameters. timeli a present we result, As America.b Latin of participationachieved the of is discussion brief study to related the is of goal The study. the in covered aspects main the showing America, Latin in wer and influenced they how establish and America Latin in initiatives access open the analyze we as Ab p The existence. of years phases. ten celebrated new information scientific of to Movement Access Openplanning the 2012, the In allow to analyzed been has movement, the of consolidation of stage first Michelli Pereira da COSTA da Pereira Michelli LEITE Lima César Fernando Acesso aberto no mundo e na América Latina uma revisão a Open Access Initiative Open access in the world and Latin America: A review Open Access Initiative points out, among other things, the things, other among out, points . (2008) and Babini (2011). Babini and (2008) . . (2008), in turn, draw attention to the to attention draw turn, in (2008), . http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2318-08892016002800003 et al et et al et Babini (2011) (2011) Babini Alperin Regarding production, dissemination and access and dissemination production, Regarding importance the highlight (2005) Costa and Chan development of Institutional Repositories in the region. the in RepositoriesInstitutional of development According to this author, in Latin America, institutions research and universities knowledge, scientific producing (2005), open access has been thesignificant changes key in scholarlyelement , foras publications it scientific to access equitable more provides and includes the participation of developingresearchers from countriesgood. public global a i.e., commons”, in the “global knowledge amount of open accessfrom data the journals to According . published in particularly America, in Latin Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) in October 2013, Brazil is the second country withnumber theof highestopen access journals (Directory of Access Journals, Openthe 2013). authors However, point out in access open of growth the to led that reasons the that the region are different from those from the northern in free traditionally are journals because is This countries. such publishers commercial large having not region, the Thus, countries. European and American North in those as information of advent the America, Latin for establish to chance a means initiatives access open and dissemination the expand to infrastructure necessary the profit. on focused never has it as production scientific of to scientific knowledge, when compared with other regions, Latin America has unique characteristics that has relationship This access. open of adoption the favor been pointed out by authors such as Chan and Costa Alperin (2005), the reduce (S&T)to Technology and to access of Latin of case the is it as countries, developing of problems American countries. According to these authors, these low to due production S&T of fringe the on are countries investment in research andcost high the the of difficulties because literature to scholarty access international and Chan authors, The journals. main to subscriptions of the by published 2004, from data presented (2005) Costa of 56% that (WHO), showing Organization World countries with Gross Domestic Product (GDP) 1999 below from journals main the to subscribe not did $1,000 Costa and Chan to according reality, this Given 2004. to ives ives are related to two n the system of scholarly iterature. In addition, it is dissatisfaction of researchers of dissatisfaction Initiat chnological chnological advances. According (OA) itutions mostly in northern countries. northern in mostly itutions e of them, known as the gold road, , , Campinas, 28(1):33-45, 2016 jan./abr., eir The research outputs. second, in turn, is The movement began with the articulation of Open Access Together with the factors that caused changes in changes caused that factors the with Together The process of scholarly communication is Informação ntury. These two factors, the the factors, two These ntury. expected that initiatives increase the visibility of open literature. access Trans and historically excluded from the center significant of most the science.access, open of benefits the Among afford cannot that institutions from researchers that is one and journals commercial to subscriptions the for pay to databases can access the l alternately Access. distributed. Open of establishment the Boththrough strategiesstrengthened have been inst and researchers socially countries for timely is perspective the However, strategies. On encourages the scholarly in open access journals. The other, called green road, aims to develop digital open access repositoriespublications, or papers accepted fromfor publication, whichare the latest , which had already been incorporated been already had which technologies, latest last the since communication scholarly of world the into ce and fueled technology, the emergence of open access initiatives. is related to the dissatisfaction of researchers with the traditional model of scholarly publication that limits access to th the emergence of opportunities the by for provided expeditingprocesses, communication andstreamlining world in the twentieth century. twentieth the in world the previous centuries, two other combined elements caused significant changes i one first The century. twenty-first the in communication to Meadows (1999), the most occurred as significant the result of the emergence of journals in changes the mid-seventeenth century, scientific societies in the and of research professionalization century, eighteenth century nineteenth the in knowledge of areas in expertise and, more recently, the emergence of the electronic Introduction The changes mainly occur constantly due changing. to social contexts and te

M.P. COSTA & F.C.L. LEITE 34 OPEN ACCESS IN THE WORLD AND LATIN AMERICA 35 . et al et . (2005), BOAI, BOAI, BOAI et al Budapest Open Budapest Budapest Open Budapest (BOAI) ( (BOAI) open access. Sarmento blications on the Internet. Its , , Campinas, 28(1):33-45, 2016 jan./abr., cture capacity of information stru : Despite the BOAI being considered a considered being BOAI the Despite : (2012), Mishra (2012), Suber (2012). Suber (2012),Mishra (2012), , 2002) which will be used, therefore, as a as therefore, used, be will which 2002) , . Informação re BOAI re Trans Open access is free and unrestricted availability Befo A preliminary reading of the selected texts a historical prepared we Based these on studies, . (2005) highlight three previous documents that are that documents previous three highlight (2005) . o discuss the nuclear idea of Domingo Declaration” (Acordo…, 2002), points out that out points 2002), (Acordo…, Declaration” Domingo science should be available to therefore,everyone the infraand that, in the world and in Latin America, shown at the end of results. the report we Next,article. the Historical perspectives of open access of complete scholary pu consolidation in the internationalworld open access hasendeavors. The beenexpression favored‘open access’ wasby first used for this Initiative Access purposeOpen Budapest by the Initiative Access paper. the in access open of discussion the for framework access open of perspective historical the reason, this For will be organized into three periods: before BOAI. after and initiative first the not was it OA, for document landmark t al et on Conference World the at held meetings of result the “Santo the one, first The century. twentieth the for Science Scholar we added the parameter filetype:, so that the that so filetype:pdf, parameter the added we Scholar recovery system gave preference toapplication PDF files. ofThe search Scopus. strategiesin 56 and Scholar Google in documents resulted in 4,914 relevant other from citations of identification the allowed The analysis. the in included were studies whose authors studies considered as data source includedfor the theresearch following documents: HarnadHarnad (2001), Odlyzko (1994),(2002), Sarmento Alperin (2007), Bailey (2006), Civallero (2006), Askey (2012), Barros (2008), Murray-Rust (2008), Initiative Access description of the main relevant facts that contributed to the establishmentand global The of America. Latin open in actions the accesshighlighting in theTimeline Access world, Open the in illustrated is parallel regional uguese, entific development entific a inclination strong considered alternative considered presented presented evidence of the rom other regions of the world. the of regions other rom ect and linguistic parameters, we and Yang (2006). According to these to According (2006). Yang and . To conduct the study, the authors propose authors the study, the conduct To . 2 pen access contributes to sci to contributes access pen We We conducted a keyword search for the terms For the subj We adopted the bibliographic research method adopted the bibliographic research We O w regions, Latin America has shown has America Latin regions, w uthors, both databases have been been have databases both uthors, “implica em um conjunto ordenado de procedimentos de busca por soluções, atento ao objeto de estudo“ de objeto ao atento soluções, por busca de procedimentos de ordenado conjunto um em “implica

2 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2318-08892016002800003 and complementary tools to the traditional and inflexible and traditional the to tools complementary and Science. of Web the as such tools Port in America” “Latin + access” “open + “” English and Spanish in the two databases. In Google participation of Latin America. ScopusWe collect to as the source the data. used Scholar were and Google choice these two databases because they are widely used as new sources for Meho bibliographic by discussed metrics, as a parameter of the sources. the of parameter selected studies written in English,of elements historical the with Portuguese mostly dealt that Spanish and the Open Access and that of research “implies an ordered set of procedures to find to procedures of set ordered an “implies research of solutions, respecting translation) the object of the four following parameters to analyze the literature: study” (our the subject, linguistic, chronological parameters, and Methods and Lima by suggested as objective research the meet to type this authors, these to According p.38). (2007, Mioto for open access. Therefore, considering the characteristics the considering Therefore, access. open for present the of aim the far, so discussed opportunities and study was to analyze the open access initiatives in the were and influenced have they how discuss and region f initiatives by influenced through the optimization of some of the processes and processes the of some of optimization the through participate to regions other opportunitiesfor promotes in international scholarly communication. Among the ne institutes institutes consider these “adequate choice” systems an to manage and give visibility to institutional scientific production. In addition, some governments, such as those in , Brazil,repositories. institutional supported and , have ystems to share ystems meetings including meetings to store and disseminate and store to ing Protocol (OAI-PMH). hers, hers, but signed by only bing the information resources) or scientific information systems to science and access to their results. As results. their to access and science 000 and 2001 other other 2001 and 000 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2318-08892016002800003 ção de forma a garantir o desenvolvimento de iniciativas de desenvolvimento o garantir a forma de ção tika, 2011). This is another example of repository that was developed in 1999 by the The PLoS declaration is an open letter from some from letter open an is declaration PLoS The turn, in Independence”, “Declaring document The Between 2 Between onal Institutes of Health (NIH) Health of Institutes onal one of them: Michael Rosensweig. Although the letter was signed by a single it researcher, was published by a result of these events, the declarations were published were declarations the events, these of result a and we discuss them The below. open letter from the Public Library the ofwere ScienceSPARC, by published (PLoS) andIndependence”, “Declaring the document most outstanding because access. open promote these that institutions important were related to . Biomedical of field the in institutions academic It states its support to the development of an online public library that providespublications. full textsand To free allow this that of journals in end,only scientific publish to themselves the signatories commit unrestricted redistribution of publications in PubMed Central (PMC) or other similar The services.information PMC is a Nati Health of field the in research published and manuscripts Sciences (Pon precedes genesis whose initiative access open successful BOAI. the is a letter addressed to researc for for using the web f promote greatercommunication. dynamism This of organization the Open Access Initiativewhose (OAI), meeting and resulted speed essence lies in the use inof the the in Protocol for Harvest This communication protocol allows s descri (data metadata without intermediate processes. This initiativeimportant and was standards forestablished it because the systems information development ofbetween interoperability ensure openand guide to protocol a access systems, one of the building blocks for the promotion and visibility of scientific literature in the open access environment. scientists and information professionals were held to of issue the discuss et he new context new he ”. . 3 An agenda for science”, for agenda An elopment of ArXiv, Civallero ame year as the declarations were declarations the as year ame the years before 1999, Civallero (2006) Civallero 1999, before years the , , Campinas, 28(1):33-45, 2016 jan./abr., and third documents, “ documents, third and media were discussed. Given the development the Given discussed. were media In 1999, the Santa Fe Convention was held in the in held was Convention Fe Santa the 1999, In Following the dev Referring to Referring Informação the electronic format. On this occasion, t occasion, this On format. electronic the . (2005, p.3, our translation), these documents are um novo contrato social para a ciência, destacando os componentes de ciência e sociedade, e de inova de e sociedade, e ciência de componentes os destacando ciência, a para social contrato novo um concretas para a cooperação científica internacional científica cooperação a para concretas “

3 Trans called the green road strategy. road green the called s the in States United published on Science.The goal, according Lagoze and opportunitiesthe discuss to was (2001), Sompel de Van electronic Harnad Stevan scenario, new the and systems file open of published a “Thein study entitled ” The self-archiving. of idea the systematized which 1994, development of this idea resulted in what the OA later (2006) points out the meeting held in 1992, organized by the Association of Research Libraries (ARL) through the initiative Scholarly which discussed literature Coalition (SPARC), Resources Publishing and Academic in of treatment and use of scientific publications in Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), that hosted it. When it. hosted that (LANL), Laboratory National Alamos Ginsparg left the LANL, the repository was then hosted the in literature access open storing University, Cornell at sciences. related and of field also points out other initiatives. The author considers the considers author The initiatives. other out points also developed attempt relevant first the as repository ArXiv in 1991. According to Ramlo (2007), the repository was developed by Paul Ginsparg under the name PreprintLANL Archive, referring to the institution, the Los new social contract for components of science,science and society, and innovation to highlighting the ensure the development of concretecooperation” scientific international initiatives for especially when produced with public funds, recognizing funds, public with produced when especially that access to this Sarmento to informationAccording itself. science of advancement is essential for the al relevant when considering the context in which the movement arised, as they emphasize “a the creation of technologies and communication of science need to be to need science of communication and technologies the second, The society. the to accessible be to increased “Declaration on science andknowledge” the use of scientific emphasize the need for sharing scholarly information,

M.P. COSTA & F.C.L. LEITE 36 OPEN ACCESS IN THE WORLD AND LATIN AMERICA 37 : Based on the unding agencies unding Budapest Open Access Open Budapest , , Campinas, 28(1):33-45, 2016 jan./abr., Informação esearchers is to publish their articles to Trans , 2002). The document raises the issue of scientific of issue the raises document The 2002). , The advantages cited by the BOAI are recurrently are BOAI the by cited advantages The All these events, documents and systems were Budapest Open Access Initiative they are ‘rewarded’ by universities and f and universities by ‘rewarded’ are they when Thus, produce. they what of impact the assess that the results of their studies are publicly accessible,increases it the impact factor, which is theinstitutions. and researchers interest of new technologies and the Internet. The positive influence positive The Internet. the and technologies new distribution electronic the as understood is context this in of full texts from peer-reviewed journals through the Internet and without access restrictions. By discussing the concept of open access, it is claimed, from prior experience, that this model is possible. Experiences are not individually listed, but it is pointed“extraordinary an providing still out were initiatives different that the relevant the use and find could they as readers to power” literature. Moreover, according to the Declaration, the authors the and systems access open in available studies impact. and readership visibility, more gain the In access. open of benefits the demonstrate to used document availableother to on thehyperlinked are Internet, impact) theand advantages readership, (visibility, a received text that first The issue. the discuss texts that hyperlink in BOAI was Harnad’s article (Harnad 2001), which addresses issues related to access, impact and assessment of publications. The author states that the purpose of r as publications, of sale the not and research their impact collections that are available for free. According the data the According free. for available are that collections in 2013, the SciELO from system has journal collections Latin from are eight which among countries, eleven from America. important for the initial consolidation Therefore, of OA. the number of initiatives and the arguments that were broad ensure to alternatives discuss to time the at used the during present were publications scientific to access BOAI. the of preparation aforementioned discussions and initiatives, a meeting was held in Budapest in 2001 and the BOAI document ( 2002 February in published was Initiative communication in the contemporaryconsiders context and by influenced be must that journals through communication the processes of traditional again highlights Declaración of San José hacia José San of Declaración ”, 1998. In this document, the document, this In 1998. ”, Declaration of Havana towards were committed to developing the Electronic Library (SciELO) was released was (SciELO) Library Electronic In addition to the VHL, the development of the In 2001, the “ Pre-BOAI initiatives in Latin America shared independent’ journal in the field, created as an ‘ (FAPESP, State Research Support Foundation) and Bireme. and Foundation) Support Research State (FAPESP, The indexed journals consist of full texts from journal http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2318-08892016002800003 the development of the VHL. the of development the Online Scientific in 1997. SciELO indexes journals supportedFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo by the the responsibility of the state regarding the access to information. In this declaration, the participants of the VHL meeting classified the scientific information in the field as a global public good and highlighted the need for national and international policies to ensure access to commitment its reiterated it Thus, dissemination. and system to promote information thesources in electronic productionformat through the access. universal and direct and promote to Internet use of equitable access to Health Information” Ciências da Saúde Virtual Health Libraryestablished was which VHL, The (VHL) field. the in information to increase own its accessto according declaration, the as year same the to in conception, is a scientific and technical information information and the interest in using the Internet to speed to Internet the using in interest the and information up and democratize the dissemination of information. We highlight three of these“ the is initiatives. order, chronological The first, in Salud en Virtual Biblioteca la Centro Latino-Americano e do Caribe de Informação em argument, the author cites the experience of developing of experience the cites author the argument, an model. commercial the to alternative concerns about the limited access to scientific research research is being sold by commercial publishers, with subscriptions that states and plans, for-profit increasing are far too costly for libraries. subscription journal According a 1998, toand 1986 Figure between provided 1, $800.00 approximately increased ecology evolutionary in per year, reaching a 75% profit margin. Based on this SPARC and the Triangle Researchscientific the of Libraries organizations international major Network(TRLN), discussion the is arguments key the of One community. of access to scientific their information that related fact to the the to serial attention draws first author The crisis.

;COAR: Confederation Projeto de Lei do Senado

Resources Coalition.

(Brazil); PLS:

iology,quantitative finance and statistics; BOIA: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2318-08892016002800003 Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde

: Projeto de Lei

, , Campinas, 28(1):33-45, 2016 jan./abr., . Timeline of open Access in the world and Latin America.

: The authors (2014). ) SNRD: National System of Digital Repositories (Argentina) SPARC: Scholarly Publishing and Academic Informação Brasil of Open Access Repositories;( ECHO: Cultural Heritage Online; OJS: Open Journal System; PL Figure 1 Source Note:ArXiv: e-print service in Budapestthe fields Open of physics,Access Initiative;, BDTD: computer Brazilian science, Digital quantitative Library of Theses b and Dissertations;BVS: Trans

M.P. COSTA & F.C.L. LEITE 38 OPEN ACCESS IN THE WORLD AND LATIN AMERICA 39 . In addition, the BOAI the addition, In . lishing (Bethesda…, 4 , , Campinas, 28(1):33-45, 2016 jan./abr., The following year after the publication the after year following The

: um dos mais importantes documentos do movimento do documentos importantes mais dos um . (2005). The importance of these two Informação . (2005), the scientific community became community scientific the (2005), . et al Trans et al et open access. open All these factors show how BOAI was a key BOAI After One of these documents was the Bethesda The Budapest Open Access Initiative (2002) raises (2002) Initiative Access Open Budapest The Furthermore, BOAI was, according to its new which was prepared during a meeting of the

ento . (2005, p.4), “as the document presents some 2003). Howard Hughes Medical Institute in Maryland, United receive significanthow specify funding not does document for the theHowever, strategies. development of it. provided who or received was it funding much Sarmento to According discussions. OA the for element et al it commitment, of statement a and strategies principles, open the in document important most the become has translation) (our movement” access is widely cited in documents that succeed it access open andobserveddeveloping when are guidelines its systems. in of 2003, BOAI two other declarations with significant importance to OA were published, as pointed out by Sarm by highlighted also are BOAI with together declarations (2006), Askey as such issue the discuss who authors other Bailey (2007), Murray-Rust, (2008), Mishra (2012) and (2012). Suber Statement on Open Access Pub standards. This suggestion was later known as the green the as known later was suggestion This standards. in change a suggests strategy second The strategy. road the businessseek should which model journals, access open of of development existing journalsto access for charging of and instead revenue of forms other the their content. The implementation of these guidelines regarding the journals was later known as the golden to road and communicationscholarly to access of problem the points out strategies for a joint action. To validate the document, the declaration was signed by 17 university researchers, research centers and publishers in and Europe and Sarmento therefore, according to access. open to committed statement published ten years later (Budapest Open Access Initiative, 2012), the first international action to s on. ent larly ccess Budapest Budapest Open Budapest (2002) invites individuals invites (2002) that online self-archiving (2002) lead to an error page, which page, error an to lead (2002) self-archiving most be termined by (2002) proposed two strategies: self- which addresses the evolution of scho of evolution the addresses which ”. In order to achieve the goals, the the goals, the achieve to order In After discussing the advantages of open access, The second and third hyperlinks in In addition to the advantages of open access, esse documento por apresentar alguns princípios, estratégias e uma afirmação de compromisso, torna-o compromisso, de afirmação uma e estratégias princípios, alguns apresentar por documento esse “ livre acesso osition regarding the treatment of its scientific producti scientific its of treatment the regarding osition 4 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2318-08892016002800003 Access Initiative, journals. access open of development the and archiving copy a upload can authors the that means Self-archiving of their peer-reviewed publications in openrepositories, a which must in agreement with the OAI declaration determines which licenses should be granted be should licenses which determines declaration only the that considering context, this in publications for control the is authors to given be should that restriction cited. duly be to right the and work their of integrity of publications, even though it was close. was it though even publications, Initiative Access Open Budapest and institutions to cooperate by makingliterature academic available in open access. Therefore, the dissertations and the in experience64,000 to 1999 in pages 5,000 from ofincreased visibility SciELO, whose 2000. Despite the high growth rates of access to this system, the author argues that this does not repres printed to compared when access of quantity same the content is one of the factors addressed by the author to author the by addressed factors the of one is content demonstrate the impact that the new communicationdynamics of could have. According to presented thein the article, datathe use of author these the contents has trend, this of example an As increased. steadily cites the emergence of electronic theses and Open Access Initiative Access Open does not allow the identification of the texts. 2013. Attempts August and July in held were hyperlink the access to The term ‘impact’ is the fourth hyperlink to paper of Odlyzko (2002), communication. The trend towards the use of online institutions the successful. Harnad raises the discussion the raises Harnad successful. the institutions about the need for institutional open access policies, institution’ the states that instruments formal are which p Harnad (2001) also shows of peer-reviewedsystems production is emphasizesin strategic.institutional that However, the author , ). In ). omain online onally, they broad access broad rchives and the and rchives ifying IFLA’s position IFLA’s ifying cess, 2005 (Scottish… 2005 cess, urnals. Additi urnals. upport for the bill was e s dations for the next ten years ten next the for dations ation and they all ended with the http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2318-08892016002800003 d the NIH’s access policy, failing to ; Recommendation for Openand Access Recommendation; for open access jo c Co-operation and Development, 2007); 2012) ities Declaration on Open Ac Open on Declaration ities In the same year that the BOAI celebrated ten In 2012, the BOAI celebrated ten years of existence of years ten celebrated BOAI the 2012, In ; OECD Principles and Guidelines for Access to ). The documents mostly presented open access and access open presented mostly documents The ). strategy, strategy, 2011 (International Federation of Library rnational Association on the Public D results of research funded with public funds. As a result a As publicwith funds. funded of research results of the boycott, according to the ten author, publishers resigned from Elsevier, th withdrawn, and a new bill promoting open access has States. United the in momentum gaining been and published a new document, “Ten years on from the from on years “Ten document, new a published and Budapest Open Access Initiative: setting the default to 2012, Initiative, Access Open (Budapest open” by proposed this edition, they the strategies reaffirmed BOAI: the green road to open access a to road golden presentednewrecommen for the use ofaccess open openof licensing accessknowledge, scientific policiesproducing by institutionsthe and initiatives of coordination sustainability, content, systems. access open of promotion years, a new great movement of scientists literature. took place scientific to access open demand to worldwide This movement began by with which Elsevier, theboycott to Gowers proposition Timothy researcher of the subscribers. 15,000 of total a have would 2014 of end the (2012), Barros to according boycott, the purposeof The US the to publisher the by given support the to due was bill that reverse promote open access to publications that report the Univers 2005) (Organisation 2007 Funding, Public from Data Research for Economi clar - access open on Statement IFLA and Association and Institutions,Inte 2011); Position on EC Horizon 2020 Open Access policy, 2012 (Communia International Association on the PublicDomain, Online Content in LILACS, 2012 (Recommendation…, 2012 provided an explanationpromote that actions develop of to important the reasons why it is to scientific inform goal. the achieve to strategies and commitments ashington ere ere related W ; Washington DC 2004 ( The latter objective ine digital repository of repository digital ine gs Valparaiso Declaration Valparaiso gs , 2004) mmunication in the Electronic the in mmunication ). Other documents w alparaiso… ; Croatian Open Access Declaration, it, display and to make and distribute V The second is the immediate filing of a of filing immediate the is second The , 2012 , , Campinas, 28(1):33-45, 2016 jan./abr., , 2012) ; Brussels Declaration on Open Access, 2012 roatian... In addition to the above-mentioned declarations, above-mentioned the to addition In The The second document is the Berlin Declaration les for Free Access to Science, Access Free for les C ns that hosted these meetin these hosted that ns Informação , 2004) 2012 ( (Scottish issue the to institutions of commitment the to Trans regio Co scientific Improved for Medium, 2004 ( Princip DC (Brussels… other ones were pattern the released, followed documents new These movement. strengthening the OA of the previous declarations: they were documents event of academic an in participating were who researchers and that is why they received the names of cities or publications and advocate for them to be recognized for recognized be to them for advocate and publications academic evaluation purposes. emphasizes the significance of funding agenciesaccess. open of actions the consolidate to access in areas of knowledge related to social sciences agreement in be to claims statement The humanities. and of Declaration the and Charter ECHO the BOAI, the with publish to researchers encourage to is goal Its Bethesda. paradigm new a to transition the support access, open in in scientific communication, encourage open access on Open Access to Knowledge in the SciencesHumanities and (Berlin…, organizations and 2013), researchers from different countries. signed by researchAn important aspect of the Berlin Declaration is explicit the expansion of benefits and the need for open a research institute or organization so that it is agreement is it that so organization or institute research a preservation. and interoperability of standards the with Under these conditions, the statement highlights the PMC repository as theSciences. Biomedical repository for the area of establishes two conditions for a understoodpublication as open to access.be The first is thepermission author’sgranting the users a license to copy, use, distribute, transm works. derivative onl an in publication the of copy States. The objective was to stimulate a debate on open on debate a stimulate to was objective The States. access in the research community of Biomedicine and try to come to an agreement on the issue by involving all parties of the scientific communication process. In addition to the proposed activities, the statement

M.P. COSTA & F.C.L. LEITE 40 OPEN ACCESS IN THE WORLD AND LATIN AMERICA 41 . In was

, 2007 Argentina (BVS ULAPSI). a . The declaration The . (Brasil, 2007),

Florianópolis for mandatory development , , Campinas, 28(1):33-45, 2016 jan./abr., h system among the IR and offers and IR the among system h Biblioteca Virtual de la Unioìn and and IR and the mandatory publication of a Informação Salvador (Brasil, 2011). Its main content is identical to identical is content main Its 2011). (Brasil,

Trans In Mexico, also in 2011, the Red Mexicana de A similar initiative was identified in Many other documents were released in Latin The Bill nº 1120, from 2007 Repositories Institucionales (ReMeRI) was created, which created, was (ReMeRI) Institucionales Repositories searc integrated an has training workshops and development tools. Argentine system, some As standards are required to thejoin and did not come up for consideration on the floor (Brasil, floor the on consideration for up come not did and Bill Senate the by replaced was it year, same the In 2007). 2011 387, nº specifications further has it but 2007), (Brasil, bill 2007 the the and deposited be to documents of type the as such time between the publicationThe and bill deposit.has not yet various been in approved, but according to progress the Portal in of is it Senate, the of Activity Legislative committees. the of agendas 2011, the National System of Digital Repository (SNRD) purpose Its resolution. ministerial a through created was was to create an interoperablerepositories, networkthrough theof establishmentdigital of standards and common protocols (Argentina, 2011). In policies, sanctioned was which drafted, was bill a year, same the in 2012,the developmentensure to of IR in institutions of copies of deposit the and funding public receive that peer-reviewed published or non-published works. The novelty of this bill in relation to the Brazilian one is the specification for the treatment of primary data of the research. America with the same purpose. WeDeclaración highlightde en thefavor del acceso abierto terms the to refers document The (Declaración...,2007). BBB, by used invites researchers to libraries makedigital access open and their repositories institutional work available in and highlights the de de Entidades Psicologiì Latinoamerica the proposes bill The Congress. Brazilian the to submitted creation of a national of IR by the higher institutions and public research centers. Thedevelopment of goal of thecopy of billthe studies was produced thereceived bypublic funding. researchersThe bill received a who favorable 2011 in observations,but some with report, committee years four for Congress in been had it because filed was it n Budapest nology) in er-reviewed was drafted in (IBICT, Brazilia Instituto Brasileiro de Letter” was published, was Letter” nds by pointing to the Declaration on Open n access to pe to access n as previously explained. In explained. previously as

Florianópolis São Paulo São its progress. its Salvador (2002), was published. It was prepared by prepared was It published. was ctive of developing countries”

ncia e Tecnologia need for the participation of academic The Declaration of Later in 2005, the “ the 2005, in Later In 2005, the “ In Latin America, discussions and systems have concept of open access of Bethesda (2003) and several goals. their reach to suggested are recommendations http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2318-08892016002800003 proposed by BOAI and BOAI by proposed 2006 by Brazilian researchers in the field of ope for support their express to literature. This document makes a reference to the which which is a manifestation of support for OA. The Letter presents arguments that support scientific to access that idea the them among the proposal, open accessadvancement. social and scientific to essential is literature are recommendations sixteen access, assure to Inorder suggested for consideration and include the strategies increase in open access in developing countries and, as and, countries developing in access open in increase a result of this, the possibility of researchers to of access claims the present they Further, science. and literature policies. scientific the for signatories the Access: the perspe 2005) (Declaração…, the participants of the International Seminar on Open Access. The document emphasizes the expectation of institutions, institutions, researchers, funding agencies, commercial actions the citing After publishers. non-commercial and that each of consideration, thosethe Manifesto e involved importance shouldof creating a national policy to ensure the take intoactions. these with compliance Institute of Information in Science and Tech 2005. The terms of the Berlin Declaration were used in the manifesto, referring to ways of publicationconditions andfor open access. That said, the Manifesto highlights the the post-BOAI period, the strongest initiative in favor of favor in initiative strongest the period, the post-BOAI Open Support to Manifesto Brazilian the was access open Access to Scientific Information (Instituto Brasileiro de Informação em Ciência manifestoe Tecnologia,was released by 2005).the TheInformação em Ciê Open in Latin America access taken placethe the issuearound long before Initiative Access Open . The is finding comes finding is lows: Comunidade specific characteristics specific , in developing countries, developing in , rnal System (OJS) region. Th region. lding stronger mechanisms stronger lding re for information systems, as systems, information for re ent and consolidation of open O is cited in one of the BOAI ent, on the other hand, open access, open hand, other the on ent, http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2318-08892016002800003 developm . (2008) present data showing the growth in growth the showing data present (2008) . eing an obstacle to bui to obstacle an eing et al et The The performance of Latin America in regional In addition to the issue of infrastructure in the orks can be explained due to the to due explained be can orks em. According to Zuñiga (1986) Zuñiga to According em. prestigious scientific commercialthe in advanced significantly publisherswidespread and - SciELO as has such initiatives successful from adoption of the Open Jouexperience of SciEL of dissemination of science produced here, the historical the here, produced science of dissemination of and social formation science is with marked dealing bywhen challenges.considered be These must elements as in theyproduced the the structureregion, are of the syst and particularly in Latin America, the reality of S&T is closely tied to its historicalunderstand the contextentirety. one needs Therefore,to see the to wider picture, which includes available the and resources the aspects. cultural and historical Conclusion access has been occurring differently in countries and the of rest developed the world, particularly in Latin This America. difference is due to, among other things, the characteristics of the scholarly system established communicationin Latin America over time. On the one hand this system was not capable of enhancing developm scientific of presence low the to due - road golden the especially preservation. The development of works in repository networks can facilitate resource sharing, allow higher quality for the exchange of data and visibilityprovide of themore scientific production. The IR networks identified in the region were as fol ReMeRI. and SNRD Reference, LA Colabora, netw of the region, which differsspecificities, these from discussing When countries Europe. and in America North Alperin other with comparison in region the of infrastructure the the has growth However, regions. not been enough to infrastructu good a ensure population the of 22.1% only to available was Internet the 2008. until b region ed, ed, with the . The repository The . complies with orios Institucionales orios h as Suber (2009), argue (2009), Suber as h erada Latinoamericana de Red Fed Repositorio Nacional Digital de Ciencia, (LA Referencia) was launched, with the , , Campinas, 28(1):33-45, 2016 jan./abr., sh wherever they want is ensur In Latin America, performance networks were National such as these are certainly powerful certainly are these as such laws National The following year, in 2013, a bill for open access open for bill a 2013, in year, following The In 2012, the orios Institucionales de Documentación Científica en Científica Documentación de Institucionales orios Informação erada Latinoamericana de Reposit de Latinoamericana erada developed to implementinternational IR that standards of interoperabilityTrans and to to publi later commitment to deposit a copy in open access repositories, according to the agreementpublishers. with the allies to ensure the establishment and/or consolidation and/or establishment the ensure to allies of case the In access. open promote that mechanisms of the bills in Latin America, the green road strategy was suc scholars, OA Some preferred. road green if better is performance institutional the that This is because the right of researchers strategy is used. use is intended for researchers affiliated to state agencies, state to affiliated researchers for intended is use researchers who have available received production their make publicto wish who fundingresearchers and access. open for was approved in Peru. The bill nº 30035 (Peru, 2013), regulates the Abierto Acceso de Innovación y Tecnología digital where site’ ‘central a as characterized is question in information related to the technology and productioninnovation in the country is stored. Its of science, institutions and research of European, Asian,American and NorthLatin American countries that aims to strengthen the globalrepositories. networks of open access In May of that year, Latin America,Referencia, joined throughthe Confederation theof Open LA Access as Repositoriesdisclosed (COAR), on their website (Red Fed de Documentación Científica en América Latina, 2014). The confederation is an association of academic support of RedCLARA and theRegional Fund sponsorshipof Public Goods of ofthe Inter-American the Development Bank (BID). Its goal was to promote the creation of a regional strategy for IR. that Toward end, issues related to agreements, regional policies and the definition of standards were established (Babini, 2011). the Mexican network, which are diagnosed through a 2013). (Jiménez, instrument validation Reposit América Latina

M.P. COSTA & F.C.L. LEITE 42 OPEN ACCESS IN THE WORLD AND LATIN AMERICA 43 , tp:// de 2011. Available

n from the ttp://www. : Meeting on . DispoÞe. sobre New Library World Ten years o 03. Available from: . , , Campinas, 28(1):33-45, 2016 jan./abr., 120,de21maio de2007 rk in the region, there is still much to be to much still is there region, the in rk area. 41-163, 2005. Available from: .Cited: Feb. 2013.1, Chan, L; Costa, S. commons: Participation in Challenges the global dissemination knowledge and in developing opportunities countries. v.106, forn.3/ research Bethesda sta openacc legacy.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/bethesda.htm>.Cited: Feb. 1, 2013. Brasil.Projeto delei 1. o processo de disseminação da produçãopelas teìcnico-cientiìfica instituições de ensino providências superior no Brasil e gov.br/proposicoesWeb/fichadetramitacao?idProposicao= daì outras 352237>. Acesso em: 1 fev. 2013. Brasil. Projeto de lei do SenadoDispõe 387, sobre 5 o de processo julho produção de técnico-científica registro pelas instituições e de educação disseminação superior, da bem como as unidades de pesquisa no Brasil e dá outras providências. 2011. senado.gov.br/atividade/Materia/Detalhes.asp?p_cod_ Disponível em: . Acesso em: 1 fev. 2013. B initiative. opensocietyfoundations.org/openaccess/read>. Cited: Feb. 1, 2013. B Budapest Open Access Initiative Budape opensocietyfoundations.org/openaccess/boai-10-recommendations>.Cited: Feb. 1,2013. Brussels declaration on open access has been accompanied by debates and bills in the public the in bills and debates by accompanied been has sphere and thus, a parallel of open access initiatives in Latin America can be traced green with the other regions of of the advances recent the despite However, world. road, part institutional repositories and the wo cooperative intensification of this in achieved Colaboradores final. redação e dados de análise estudo, do desenho oa.mpg.de/lang/en-uk/berli Cited: Feb. 1, 2013. , blefrom: . Acesso /article/view/486>. illinsky ica e o custo do conhecimento. do custo o e ica W . Disponible en: .Acceso: 1 ene. 2013. open access to knowledge in the sciencesand the knowledge in toaccess open showing that the initiative was in the ischman, G.E., , v.8, n.2, p.365-377, 2012. D 2012. p.365-377, n.2, v.8, , F Berlin: Open Access, 2003. Availa 2003. Access, Open Berlin: Liinc em Revistaem Liinc . Proceedingselectrônicos Revista We observed that the development of Despite this Latin American reference, the declaração de S de declaração : Aprova a revisão 4 dos módulos 1 e 8 e a revisão 5 do ocuments, lperin, J.P., skey, D. Moving beyond the MLA & deviant modes of scholarly of modes deviant & MLA the beyond Moving D. skey, cordo Berlin declarationBerlin humanities http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2318-08892016002800003 Bailey, C. Open access and libraries. v.32, n.3-4, p.351-383, 2007. Available from: .Cited: Jan.2013.1, acadêm primavera A M. Barros, Liinc em revista.ibict.br/liinc/index.php/liinc em: 1 fev. 2013. 701>. Cited: Jan, 1. 2013. América de científicaproducción la a abierto Acceso D. Babini, regional for institutions main of identification Caribe: el y Latina integration strategies TecnologíaySociedad . Acceso en: 1ene. 2013. A communication. In: Women in German Conference,Snowbird. 2006, . Cited: Jan. 1, 2013. Argentina. Resolução Ministerial n°469, de 2011.17 de maio de A .Acesso 2013. media, such as institutional repositories. institutional as such media, region the in countries some in repositories institutional References publishers in the region, has not been enough to boost to enough been not has region, the in publishers of most because that suppose we Now, road. green the logic, market the to oblivious are publishers scientific the most scientificalternative in them journals by literature scientific do of notredistribution impose barriers to d OA. of development the influenced and forefront consolidation of the golden road in Latin America, due to the non-commercial nature of most of the scientific , . , , - . 2014.. Journal nicia el I ,v.24, n.1, The Physics Teacher Physics The SerialsReview . Brasília:.Briquet Lemos, ss andonlinesscontent LILACS in Journal of Mass Communication : Roanoke: Open Archives Initiative,

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