T. & R. Annan and Sons

M227 T. & R. Annan and Sons

Introduction

These were the purpose-designed premises of the leading Glasgow photographic firm T. & R. Annan & Sons. As well as a ground-floor showroom and a gallery for art exhibitions, the building included a studio and extensive work rooms and offices. The red sandstone facade to Sauchiehall Street has features derived from 17th-century architecture, most conspicuously an elaborate Dutch gable. It incorporates statues by R. A. McGilvray & Ferris.

Authorship: According to the architect W. S. Moyes, who worked in Honeyman, Keppie & Mackintosh's office at this date, the building was designed by John Keppie. There is no evidence that Mackintosh was involved, although there is a drawing of the Sauchiehall Street elevation – different in some respects from the executed design – which is apparently in his hand.

Alternative addresses: 333 Renfrew Street

Cost from job book: £6253 8s 10½d

Status: Standing building

Current name: Royal Highland Fusiliers Museum

Current use: Regimental museum (2014)

Listing category: B

Historic Scotland/HB Number: 33198

RCAHMS Site Number: NS56NE 414

Grid reference: NS 58070 66016

Chronology

1902 April: Date inscribed on earliest surviving drawing submitted to Glasgow Dean of Guild Court, showing floor plans of entire building. 1

1903 April: Date inscribed on block plan submitted to Glasgow Dean of Guild Court. 2

7 May: Plans approved by Glasgow Dean of Guild Court. 3

15 June: Work has commenced on site. 4

5 August: Second storey in progress. 5

13 August: Third storey in progress. 6

10 September: Fourth storey in progress. 7

18 September: Gable being built. 8

21 November: Roofing of front building in progress. 9

3 December: Interior and plasterwork in progress. 10

1904 26 May: Drawings of alterations to pre-existing house in centre of site approved by Glasgow Dean of Guild Court. 11 14 June: 'Work completed'. 12

1 December: Final visit by Glasgow Dean of Guild Court inspector. 13

1905 7 December: Discharged by Glasgow Dean of Guild Court inspector. 14

1911–12 Tender for alterations to dressing rooms and payment to contractor for pointing front pediment. 15

1959 T. & R. Annan Ltd move to West Campbell Street; 518 Sauchiehall Street taken over by the Army as recruiting office. Original shop front altered, with entrance moved from right side to left. Other internal changes made. 16

1992–3 Modification of some of the changes made in 1959, including re-exposure of wrought-ironwork round lift. 17

Description Design

Established in the 1850s, the photographers T. & R. Annan & Sons are listed for the first time at 518 Sauchiehall Street in the 1904–5 Glasgow Post Office Directory, having presumably moved there in 1903 or early 1904. An early 19th-century house already stood on the site, set back behind a front garden and forming part of a terrace called Albany Place. The scheme designed for Annan's by Honeyman, Keppie & Mackintosh entailed erecting a new four-storey building on the front half of the garden and converting the house into work rooms. The new building is entered directly from the street, and originally contained a ground-floor showroom with studio above. 1

Its imposing red sandstone facade is dominated by an elaborate 17th-century-style Dutch gable, and incorporates two statues by R. A. McGilvray & Ferris on projecting brackets, based on Michelangelo's frescoes of Old Testament prophets and Sibyls in the Sistine Chapel, Rome. Annan's were art dealers as well as photographers, so between the showroom and the original house a top-lit 'saloon' or gallery was provided for exhibitions. Dating

The earliest surviving drawing is dated April 1902 and shows detailed floor plans of the pre-existing house, the proposed new front block and a small addition at the rear. It seems, therefore, that the whole scheme had been designed by this date (although the 1902 plan shows three deep niches in the facade at third- floor level, rather than the flat wall that was eventually built as a background for the two statues). The plans were not passed by the Glasgow Dean of Guild Court until 7 May 1903, and work on site began the following month. 2 The conversion of the house was the subject of further drawings, approved by the Court on 26 May 1904. 3 Authorship

According to the architect W. S. Moyes, who worked in Honeyman, Keppie & Mackintosh's office at this time, Annan's building was designed by John Keppie. 4 The drawings submitted to the Glasgow Dean of Guild Court show no evidence of Mackintosh's involvement, although another drawing, a variation on the Sauchiehall Street elevation, now in The Hunterian, University of Glasgow, does appear to be in his hand. 5 It shows three statues in niches on the third floor and presumably relates to the plans drawn in April 1902.

Annan's is one of three roughly contemporary commercial buildings on Sauchiehall Street designed by the firm, the others being 137–143 for the Trustees of Dr Walker, and 309–313 for James Simpson & Sons, cabinetmakers. They all have windows framed by distinctive, sinuous architraves (at Annan's they can be seen on the first floor), harking back to a group of mid-1890s buildings for which Mackintosh was either wholly or partly responsible: the Glasgow Herald Building in Mitchell Street, the Queen Margaret College Anatomical Department and Martyrs Public School. By the time of Annan's building, however, Mackintosh was designing very differently, and it seems likely that Keppie simply reused the Scots Renaissance-derived vocabulary that he and Mackintosh had developed a decade earlier. 6

Tracings made in the 1930s by Ronald Harrison, an early student of Mackintosh's architecture, provide a record of three lost drawings for the interior of the new front building: a longitudinal section through the ground-floor saloon; a plan and elevation of a simple columned screen in front of the lift and staircase; and a sheet of designs for internal doors. 7 The tracing of the saloon shows the walls panelled with vertical boards with the joints covered by unmoulded wooden strips. This is like the original board room and director's room in the Glasgow School of Art, but there is no evidence that Mackintosh himself was responsible for the design.

The most striking feature of the interior today (2012) is the curvilinear Glasgow Style wrought ironwork between the columns in front of the lift and stairs. This is not shown on the screen drawing traced by Harrison, but it appears to be contemporary with the building. The job-book entry suggests it was supplied by A. & P. Steven as part of their contract for the lifts. It is completely different in style from the unexecuted lift enclosure designed by Mackintosh in May 1903 for 137–143 Sauchiehall Street. 8 Critical reception

A drawing of the front elevation was shown in the annual exhibition of the Glasgow Institute of the Fine Arts in 1904 (299), and was reproduced in Academy Architecture. 9 The building appeared again at the Institute in 1905 (427), when the Builders' Journal and Architectural Record described it as 'unsatisfactory', without giving its reasons. 10 A photograph of the facade was reproduced in the Builders' Journal and Architectural Engineer in November 1906, making a startling contrast with Mackintosh's facade for Miss Cranston's, Sauchiehall Street, illustrated on the same page. 11 Later history

In 1959 Annan's moved out and the building was taken over as a recruiting office by the Army, who made internal and external changes. 12 In 1992–3 it was converted to serve as a regimental museum, and some of the changes made in 1959 were modified or reversed. 13

People

Clients: T. & R. Annan & Sons Contractors: George Adam & Son Robert Aitken William Anderson John Bryden & Sons James Cormack & Sons Ltd Alexander Cousland & Son M. Campbell Duff & Sons Galbraith & Winton William Halley & Co. C. & J. Malloch R. A. McGilvray & Ferris John McOwat & Son James Milne & Son E. C. Morgan & Son Raeburn & Duncan A. & P. Steven George Walton Thomas Whyte

Job Book

The job books of Honeyman & Keppie (later Honeyman, Keppie & Mackintosh) are now held by The Hunterian, University of Glasgow and include four volumes related to the Mackintosh period. The books were used by the firm to keep a project-by-project, day-by-day record of contractors, suppliers and expenditure. The name of a project and/or client is usually at the top of the left-hand page, followed by information about tradesmen who tendered. The name of the measurer (quantity surveyor) is usually at the top of the right-hand page, followed by information about payments to contractors and suppliers. All of the data for M227 is entered in the tables below.

Page numbering is not consistent in the job books. Sometimes a single number refers to a double-page spread and sometimes each page is individually numbered. Here, each image of a double-page spread is identified by the number given at the top of the left-hand page. (Images of all of the pages from the four job books can be found at Browse Job Books, Visit Book and Cash Book.)

The following information about M227 has been extracted from the job books:

Job book: 53062 Job book: 53062 Job book: 53062 Job book: 53062 Page: 19 Page: 20 Page: 21 Page: 22

Client: T. & R. Annan & Sons

Measurer: M. Campbell Duff & Sons

Tenders:

Contractor Type Address Date Value Accepted P. & W. Anderson mason & 64 Douglas Street May 1903 no data in job no brick book Alex Muir & Son mason & 134 Nithsdale Drive May 1903 £2959 0s 0d no brick E. C. Morgan & Son mason & no data in job book May 1903 £2467 6s 11d 1 yes brick (3 June 1903) John Kirkwood mason & 33 Hope Street May 1903 £2550 0s 0d 2 no brick George Barlas & Co. mason & 13 Ruthven Street May 1903 £2630 15s 4d no brick Daniel McCallum mason & 140 Bothwell Street May 1903 no data in job no brick book James Goldie & Son mason & 52, St Enoch's Square May 1903 £2898 10s 0d no brick Robert McCord & Son mason & 71 Waterloo Street May 1903 £3330 6s 5d 3 no brick Thaw & Campbell mason & Haghill Depot, Paton Street May 1903 £2782 0s 4d no brick Gregary & Co. mason & 6 Overdale Gardens, May 1903 £2815 5s 9½d no brick Langside Robert Corbet & Son mason & 73 Onslow Drive May 1903 £3037 0s 0d no brick Sellars mason & no data in job book May 1903 no data in job no data in job brick book book John McCallum mason & no data in job book May 1903 no data in job no data in job brick book book James Sellar & Co. mason & no data in job book May 1903 £2697 0s 0d no brick Matthew Henderson wright Grant Street May 1903 £1400 0s 0d no James Grant wright Pitt Street May 1903 £1250 0s 0d no E. C. Morgan & Son wright 37 Elderslie Street May 1903 £1240 0s 0d no Hunter & Marshall wright Cambridge Street May 1903 £1294 0s 0d no William Lightbody wright 42 Sidney Street May 1903 no data in job no book William McCall & Son wright 5 Balmano Street May 1903 no data in job no book James Maben wright 65 Eglinton Street May 1903 no data in job no book Thomas Whyte wright 57 Sauchiehall Lane May 1903 £1250 0s 0d yes (4 June 1903) A. & D. Mackay slater no data in job book 1903 £61 10s 0d no John Anderson slater no data in job book 1903 £59 12 s 0d no Thomas Black slater Peel Street, Partick 1903 £55 10s 0d no W. B. Campbell & Co. slater 175 St Vincent Street 1903 no data in job no book Joseph Graydon slater 25 Craignestock Street 1903 no data in job no book John McOwat & Son slater 98 London Street 1903 £53 0s 0d yes (3 June 1903) A. M. Ross & Son slater 10 Ann Street 1903 £66 11s 9d no Robert Wallace slater no data in job book 1903 £70 10s 0d no James Ingleton plumber no data in job book 1903 £309 0s 0d no Fyfe & Allan Ltd plumber no data in job book 1903 £320 0s 0d no James Johnstone & Son plumber no data in job book 1903 £290 0s 0d no William Anderson plumber no data in job book 1903 £293 0s 0d yes (3 June 1903) Moses Speirs & Son plumber no data in job book 1903 £304 0s 0d no Brown & Young plumber 5 & 7 Bath Street 1903 £341 0s 0d no John Cairns plumber 18 Bath Street 1903 no data in job no book Colin Turner plumber 133 West Regent Street 1903 £301 0s 0d no Hugh Twaddle & Sons plumber 505 Gallowgate 1903 £294 0s 0d no R. A. McGilvray plasterer no data in job book 1903 £163 19s 1d no George Rome & Co. plasterer no data in job book 1903 £142 7s 0d no William Forbes plasterer no data in job book 1903 £142 4s 0d no John Forbes plasterer no data in job book 1903 £141 15s 7d no William Halley & Co. plasterer 36 Jane Street 1903 £129 0s 0d yes (3 June 1903) William Tonner & Son plasterer 85 Douglas Street 1903 £143 0s 0d no Joseph Graydon plasterer no data in job book 1903 £142 2s 4d no McCulloch & Co. glazier no data in job book 1903 £78 19s 6d no William Meikle & Sons glazier no data in job book 1903 £74 10s 0d no George G. Kirk glazier no data in job book 1903 £75 16s 6d no A. M. Simpson glazier no data in job book 1903 £83 0s 0d no C. & J. Malloch glazier no data in job book 1903 £74 0s 0d yes (3 June 1903) James Summers glazier no data in job book 1903 £75 0s 0d no James Cormack & Sons Ltd heating no data in job book 1903 £148 10s 0d yes (17 August 1903) James Cormack & Sons Ltd heating no data in job book 1903 £5 0s 0d 4 yes (17 August 1903) Johan Keller figure work no data in job book 1903 £400 0s 0d no A. McF. Shannon figure work no data in job book 1903 £350 0s 0d no Kellock Brown figure work no data in job book 1903 £140 0s 0d no J. C. Young figure work no data in job book 1903 £150 0s 0d no Holmes & Jackson figure work no data in job book 1903 £104 0s 0d no R. A. McGilvray & Ferris figure work no data in job book 1903 £100 0s 0d yes (20 August 1903) Doddrell Brothers (Easton's electric lift 11 Bothwell Street 1903 £443 0s 0d no Lifts) A. & P. Steven electric lift no data in job book 1903 £300 0s 0d no Waygood & Otis electric lift 67 Hope Street 1903 £308 0s 0d no A. & P. Steven hydraulic lift no data in job book 1903 £184 0s 0d 5 yes (24 November 1903) John Bryden & Sons hand lift no data in job book 1903 £13 8s 6d 6 yes (6 November 1903) A. & P. Steven lift no data in job book 1903 £50 0s 0d 7 yes (28 December 1903) A. & P. Steven lift no data in job book 1904 £125 0s 0d 8 yes (27 February 1904) W. C. Martin & Co. electric 10 West Campbell Street 1903 £127 0s 0d no lighting Osborne & Hunter electric West Regent Street 1903 £105 0s 0d no lighting Claude Hamilton Ltd electric St Vincent Street 1903 £115 0s 0d no lighting Raeburn & Duncan electric 4 Moncrieff Lane, Oxford 1903 £98 0s 0d yes lighting Street (20 October 1903) John Finlay & Co. electric Renfield Street 1903 £108 0s 0d no lighting H. L. Anderson & Co. painter no data in job book no data in job 'list of rates' no book George Walton painter no data in job book no data in job 'list of rates' yes book Guthrie & Wells painter no data in job book no data in job 'list of rates' no book T. C. Bowie Fisher & Co. painter no data in job book no data in job 'list of rates' no book Alexander Cousland & Son wire no data in job book 1904 £13 9s 0d 9 yes (19 April 1904)

Payments (trades):

Name Type Payment out sum E. C. Morgan & Son mason & brick First installment: 20 August 1903 Final installment: 17 September 1905 £2524 7s 0d 10 Thomas Whyte wright First installment: 9 December 1903 Final installment: 17 September [1905] £1682 10s 8½d 11 John McOwat & Son slater First installment: 26 January 1904 Final installment: 16 May 1905 £62 12s 6d 12 William Anderson plumber First installment: no data in job book Final installment: 17 September £396 11s 3d 13 William Halley & Co. plaster First installment: 1 March 1904 Final installment: 24 January 1905 £208 1s 9d 14 C. & J. Malloch glazier Payment date: 27 April 1905 £77 18s 3d 15 R. A. McGilvray & Ferris figure work Payment date: 18 March 1904 £113 0s 0d 16 John Bryden & Sons hand power lift Payment date: 12 August 1904 £13 8s 6d A. & P. Steven lifts First installment: 18 March 1904 Final installment: 10 June 1904 £438 0s 0d 17 Raeburn & Duncan electric lighting First installment: 5 March 1904 Final installment: 7 July 1904 £125 15s 6d 18 George Walton painter Payment date: 20 May 1904 £150 0s 0d 19 Alexander Cousland & Son wire Payment date: 31 August 1904 £13 15s 9d 20 James Cormack & Sons Ltd heating Payment date: 25 August 1904 £235 4s 0d E. C. Morgan & Son mason & brick Payment date: 24 January 1905 £40 0s 0d 21

Payments (suppliers): Name Service Payment date Payment sum Robert Aitken inspector First installment: 24 September 1903 £63 15s 0d Final installment: 9 April 1904 George Adam & Son 'iron railing & safe door' 29 July 1904 £21 14s 6d James Milne & Son electroliers 25 August 1904 £26 9s 2d Galbraith & Winton 'walls of stair & elevator well tiled' 28 December 1904 £8 0s 0d

Measurer fee payment: £52 5s 0d 22 (no data in job book)

Phase 2: Alterations at dressing rooms and pointing pediment, 1911–12

Job book: 53063 Page: 60

Client: T. & R. Annan & Sons

Tenders:

Contractor Type Date Value Accepted Thomas Whyte mason 20 August [1911] £21 10s 0d 23 yes

Payments (suppliers):

Name Service Payment date Payment sum Daniel McCallum 'pointing pediment at front' 11 January 1912 11s 11d

Documents

Images

S.elevation Front elevation, Builders' Journal and Architectural Engineer, 24, 28 November 1906, p.263

Bibliography Published

David Walker, 'The Glasgow Years', in Wendy Kaplan, Charles Rennie Mackintosh, New York and London: Abbeville Press, 1996, p. 143 Elizabeth Williamson, Anne Riches and Malcolm Higgs, Buildings of Scotland: Glasgow, London: Penguin, 1990, p. 243 Geoffrey Jarvis, '518 Sauchiehall Street', Charles Rennie Mackintosh Society Newsletter, 60, Winter 1992, pp. 4–5 Academy Architecture, 25, 1904, p. 90 Academy Architecture, 30, 1906, p. 67 Builders' Journal and Architectural Engineer, 23, 29 March 1905, p. 161, 24, 28 November 1906, p. 263 Unpublished Glasgow City Archives Collection: Glasgow Dean of Guild Court, Register of Inspections, D-OPW 25/64, pp. 99, 110

Notes:

1: Glasgow City Archives Collection: Glasgow Dean of Guild plans, TD1309/A/525.

2: Glasgow City Archives Collection: Glasgow Dean of Guild plans, TD1309/A/525.

3: Glasgow City Archives Collection: Glasgow Dean of Guild Court, Register of Inspections, D-OPW 25/64. p. 99. The year is written as 1904 at the top of the page, but this is evidently a mistake: the entries on the preceding and following pages are dated 1903.

4: Glasgow City Archives Collection: Glasgow Dean of Guild Court, Register of Inspections, D-OPW 25/64, p. 99.

5: Glasgow City Archives Collection: Glasgow Dean of Guild Court, Register of Inspections, D-OPW 25/64, p. 99.

6: Glasgow City Archives Collection: Glasgow Dean of Guild Court, Register of Inspections, D-OPW 25/64, p. 99.

7: Glasgow City Archives Collection: Glasgow Dean of Guild Court, Register of Inspections, D-OPW 25/64, p. 99.

8: Glasgow City Archives Collection: Glasgow Dean of Guild Court, Register of Inspections, D-OPW 25/64, p. 99.

9: Glasgow City Archives Collection: Glasgow Dean of Guild Court, Register of Inspections, D-OPW 25/64, p. 99.

10: Glasgow City Archives Collection: Glasgow Dean of Guild Court, Register of Inspections, D-OPW 25/64, p. 99.

11: Glasgow City Archives Collection: Glasgow Dean of Guild plans, B4/12/1/9592; Glasgow Dean of Guild Court, Register of Inspections, D-OPW 25/64, p. 110.

12: Glasgow City Archives Collection: Glasgow Dean of Guild Court, Register of Inspections, D-OPW 25/64, p. 110.

13: Glasgow City Archives Collection: Glasgow Dean of Guild Court, Register of Inspections, D-OPW 25/64, p. 110.

14: Glasgow City Archives Collection: Glasgow Dean of Guild Court, Register of Inspections, D-OPW 25/64, p. 110.

15: The Hunterian, University of Glasgow: Honeyman, Keppie & Mackintosh job book, GLAHA 53063, p. 60.

16: Geoffrey Jarvis, '518 Sauchiehall Street', Charles Rennie Mackintosh Society Newsletter, 60, Winter 1992, pp. 4–5.

17: Geoffrey Jarvis, '518 Sauchiehall Street', Charles Rennie Mackintosh Society Newsletter, 60, Winter 1992, pp. 4–5.

18: Builders' Journal and Architectural Engineer, 24, 28 November 1906, p. 263.

19: Glasgow City Archives Collection: Glasgow Dean of Guild Court, Register of Inspections, D-OPW 25/64, p. 99.

20: Glasgow City Archives Collection: Glasgow Dean of Guild plans, B4/12/1/9592.

21: University of Toronto, Robarts Library: letter from W. S. Moyes to Thomas Howarth, 29 April 1947, B96-0028/017 (13).

22: The Hunterian, University of Glasgow: GLAHA 52329 (M227-012).

23: Dictionary of Scottish Architects, 1840–1980, www.scottisharchitects.org.uk [accessed 22 October 2012].

24: The Hunterian, University of Glasgow: GLAHA 52330 (M227-006); GLAHA 52336 (M227-008); GLAHA 52348 (M227-007).

25: The Hunterian, University of Glasgow: GLAHA 52331 (M226-001).

26: Academy Architecture, 25, January 1904, p. 90.

27: Builders' Journal and Architectural Record, 23, 29 March 1905, p. 161.

28: Builders' Journal and Architectural Engineer, 24, 28 November 1906, p. 263.

29: Geoffrey Jarvis, '518 Sauchiehall Street', in Charles Rennie Mackintosh Society Newsletter, 60, Winter 1992, pp. 4–5.

30: Geoffrey Jarvis, '518 Sauchiehall Street', in Charles Rennie Mackintosh Society Newsletter, 60, Winter 1992, pp. 4–5.

31: 'in Corsehill stone'. 32: £2675 0s 0d written above.

33: £3430 6s 5d written above.

34: For 'removal of radiators etc.'

35: Piping, etc., not to exceed £21.

36: Includes £1 10s 0d for 'self sustaining gear'.

37: For 'table lift piping' at 2s per foot.

38: For 'ironwork at lift & staircase'.

39: For 'wire vent panels 9d each' and 'wire netting round lift enclosure'.

40: Half measurers fee: £26.

41: 'Furniture etc throughout the Bdg accounts for £400'; half measurers fee: £16 18s 9d.

42: Half measurer's fee: 12s 6d.

43: Half measurer's fee: £4 1s 3d.

44: Includes: 'portland cement on outside walls & fibrous plaster in studio etc.'; half measurer's fee: £2 1s 9d.

45: Half measurer's fee: 15s 9d.

46: Comprises: £100 for 'carving 2 figures', £10 for 'ornamental panel' and £3 for 'carving 2 corbels'.

47: For '2 lifts iron grills etc.'

48: Comprises £119 for 'wiring etc', and £6 15s 6d for 'Bells & wiring in lift'.

49: Record of payment appears incomplete.

50: For '9 small panels'.

51: For 'straightening [?] wall at back for Duncan's building including £16 for plumber work'.

52: This represents half the measurer's total fee of £104 10s 0d. The other half was 'retained from Con[tractors'] account rendered to [illegible].'

53: For 'alterations at dressing Rms.'

Mackintosh Architecture: Context, Making and Meaning

Led by The Hunterian, University of Glasgow, funded by the Arts and Humanities Research Council; with additional support from The Monument Trust, The Pilgrim Trust, and the Paul Mellon Centre for Studies in British Art; and collaborative input from Historic Scotland and the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland.