Central District Regeneration Framework As Defined in Glasgow City Centre Strategy 2014-2019 Project Team Contents

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Glasgow City Centre District Regeneration Frameworks Central District - Final Draft Report May 2019 Central District Regeneration Framework as defined in Glasgow City Centre Strategy 2014-2019 Project Team Contents

1 Introduction 06 Central Projects 24 Client - Glasgow City Council Lead designer, strategy Local consultant, Local designer 2 (Y)our Updated Mobility 36 3 (Y)our Great Streets & Spaces 66 4 (Y)our Great Buildings 100

Connectivity, spatial Property market Socio-economic Community animation, 5 (Y)our Vibrant Central 124 economics consultants regeneration consultants engagement 6 Transforming (Y)our Central 152 7 Planning Policy 168 Gerry Grams 8 Action Plan 178

Smart city consultants Strategic city design Engineering advice Cost consultants adviser

© Crown Copyright and database right 2015. All rights reserved. OS Licence No. 100023379. You are not permitted to copy, sub-license or sell any of this data to third parties in any form. 07/03/2015 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION Introduction The Assignment (Y)our Ideas

As the name suggests the area defined as the The urban grid of Glasgow is the recurring feature The City Centre Strategy and Action Plan 2014-19 This District Regeneration Framework has been Central District Regeneration Framework (DRF) in of this DRF area, that binds together a wide variety sets out a vision and objectives for central prepared in collaboration with a wide array of the Glasgow City Centre Strategy is at the heart of of character areas, each with its own Glasgow and defines nine city centre Districts; one stakeholders and consultees. Ideas and opinions the city and the wider city region. Indeed the area distinctiveness. There is the urban intensity of of which is Broomielaw. A Regeneration have been shared by Glaswegians and visitors to captures the essence of central Glasgow. The Scotland’s biggest city in the area around two of Framework is to be prepared for each District. the city. Engagement and consultation has been strongly defined urban street grid, the two major the three busiest rail stations in the country. Here conducted on-street, online, in public exhibitions, terminus rail stations, the riverfront, the principal Glasgow has a big city feel. George Square, The pilot Framework was prepared for Sauchiehall design workshops and via social media. streets including Buchanan Street, Argyle Street ostensibly Scotland’s ‘national square’, is + Garnethill and was completed and published in and Sauchiehall Street and civic squares such as Glasgow’s main civic space; an anchor point for 2016. The next four Districts are: Broomielaw, St. Participants have included residents, businesses, George Square are all synonymous with Glasgow. celebration, protest and remembrance and much Enoch, Central and Blythswood. The last four land and building owners / occupiers, developers In most people’s mental map of Glasgow the area more. Fronting the square the splendour of the City District Regeneration Frameworks will be for the and investors, local and national agencies, Council between and around Glasgow Central and Queen Chambers confirms this place as the civic heart of Merchant City, Learning Quarter, Townhead and departments, elected members, charities, Street Stations is the city centre. Glasgow. Cowcaddens. voluntary organisations and tourists. The area covered in this Central District The sparkle and vitality of Buchanan Street is the Each District Regeneration Framework will guide The findings from this, and associated District Regeneration Framework is the most ‘complete’ spine of Glasgow’s shopping experience, with two physical, social and economic regeneration and Regeneration Framework engagement work is and intensive piece of the city centre. The planned large malls at either end. Beyond these pivot may inform Supplementary Planning Guidance recorded in greater detail in a companion report grid sweeping up Blythswood Hill still characterises points in the ‘Golden Z’ are Argyle Street and (Local Development Frameworks and/or Strategic titled (Y)our City Centre Community Engagement this area. As Glasgow flourished following the Sauchiehall Street. Both streets face significant Development Frameworks as defined in the City dated May 2018. Development Plan 2017). Enlightenment and throughout the Industrial age, challenges in this era of internet retail and, for (Y)our Ideas have informed and shaped the the city centre expanded westward rapidly across Sauchiehall Street, these issues are compounded recommendations and projects emerging through this area and we still enjoy the rich urban following devastating fires at Glasgow School of (Y)our Central District Regeneration Framework. architectural heritage in the contemporary Art. cityscape. Beyond the Art School this DRF area also The relationship between Glasgow and its river is encompasses the Gallery of Modern Art, the Royal considered more specifically in the Broomielaw Concert Hall and numerous cultural venues. In the and St. Enoch DRFs. The proposals for this District Merchant City the narrower streets and lanes have have to be integrated with emerging ideas in these been revitalised with bars, restaurants and culture. other DRFs so that the relationship between the Upon Blythswood Hill the Georgian grid retains a River Clyde and the city centre is far more positive. quieter ambience, whilst towards the River Clyde the modern offices of the International Financial Within this portion of central Glasgow is some of Services District edge towards the waterfront. Glasgow’s most elaborate urban architecture, and set piece civic spaces. George Square is the So, evidently, this part of the city centre is crucial to natural civic gathering space in the city. Royal the city’s economic, cultural, social and civic Exchange Sq., Nelson Mandela Sq. and health and future prosperity. Blythswood Sq. provide further evidence of Glasgow’s historic grandeur. The ‘Golden Z’ of Preparing this Framework has been a Sauchiehall Street / Buchanan Street / Argyle collaborative, collective effort involving many Street has long been the spine for Glasgow’s retail people with a stake and interest in Glasgow City and commercial core. Centre and the Central DRF area. For this reason this project is underscored by this collective effort, Glasgow is a city of perpetual change. The expertise and energy.... transitions from religious centre to seat of learning to a city of merchants to the hyper-intense Industrial Glasgow to the present day has left a (Y)our City Centre, (Y)our Central district significant legacy, not least in this part of the city centre. This city’s motto is “Let Glasgow Flourish”. If Glasgow is to flourish in the 21st Century the city This District Regeneration Framework outlines a centre will have to be at the vanguard of wider vision, projects and an action plan to refocus the regeneration, with Central district at the fulcrum; Central district of Glasgow in the next ten years. It right at the heart of (Y)our Future City Centre. overlaps with adjacent DRFs, notably Broomielaw, St. Enoch, Blythswood and Sauchiehall / Garnethill. It is intended to align with these DRFs, and in combination set out a framework for adapting Glasgow to the changing demands of contemporary city life as it faces local and international challenges.

6 7 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION (Y)our Central District Boundaries Purpose and structure of this Report

The boundaries for the (Y)our Central District The area encompasses two major rail stations PURPOSE OF THIS REPORT STRUCTURE OF THIS REPORT Regeneration Framework are defined in the (Central and Queen Street), Argyle Street low level Glasgow City Centre Strategy and Action Plan station, two Subway stations and is served by The principal purpose of this District Regeneration This DRF considers the role the Central District has 2014-19. The Framework encompasses an area most bus routes in the city. The main retail streets Framework (DRF) is to guide forthcoming physical, to play in the wider renewal of Glasgow city centre. from the north bank of the River Clyde in the south of the ‘Golden Z’ of Buchanan St., Argyle St. and social and economic regeneration and The regeneration of Glasgow City Centre and the to Killermount Street / Renfrew Street in the north, Sauchiehall St., national cultural institutions, major development in the area of the city centre River Clyde corridor should be considered national and from Pitt Street / Douglas Street / Brown Street office districts and areas of regeneration are all designated by the City Centre Strategy 2014-19 as priority projects and the Central DRF area has a in the west to Stockwell Street / Glassford Street / included within this highly diverse district. the Central district. pivotal role in both (albeit the elements pertaining George Square and North Hanover Street in the to the River Corridor are covered in greater detail in east. The full extent of this Framework area is 104 The City Centre Strategy states that each DRF will the accompanying Broomielaw and St. Enoch hectares. contribute to Supplementary Planning Guidance. DRFs). The Framework assesses the significant The Central District is characterised by a south The City Development Plan (2017) confirms that challenges and opportunities that will continue to facing slope from the riverside up to the ridge of define Glasgow city centre’s environmental, two drumlins; Blythswood Hill with the eponymous Local Development Frameworks (LDF) will be produced for each of the 9 districts identified in the spatial, economic and social performance. It Square at its summit, and Garnethill with Renfrew confirms overarching objectives that must be met Street and Glasgow School of Art near its peak. City Centre Strategy, and that a Strategic Development Framework (SDF) will be prepared if Glasgow is to compete as a leading European covering the entire city centre and all 9 districts. city, and reinforces the importance of the city centre as the engine for the city region’s It is therefore intended that this DRF will contribute economic, cultural, civic and environmental health. to the planning policy for this District of Glasgow’s It outlines fundamental principles to ensure city centre. It is anticipated that the Planning Policy Glasgow has a sustainable, resilient and vibrant chapter and other planning related elements of city centre that is remarkable, attractive and each DRF should be incorporated as convivial. Supplementary Guidance within an SDF or LDF, subject to it being consistent with the City In support of these principles and to help deliver Development Plan and planning authority the overarching objectives for (Y)our City Centre approval, and then be considered a material this report sets out a Framework of Projects within consideration in planning matters affecting the the Central district and an associated Action Plan Central DRF area. to help prioritise implementation. It also outlines additional planning policy specific to the Central This DRF should be read in conjunction with the district. City Development Plan (2017) and the City Centre Strategy 2014-19 and their respective successor The (Y)our Central Projects are outlined within five Cowcaddens themes; Sauchiehall documents. It should also be read in conjunction PHASE 01 with the City Centre Strategic Development (Y)our updated mobility ownhead Framework which is to be prepared in line with guidance set out in the City Development Plan (Y)our great streets and spaces (2017). Blythswood (Y)our great buildings PHASE 05 (Y)our vibrant Central Learning Quarter Central Transforming (Y)our Central PHASE 04 Each project is described and cross referred to the objectives that it aligns with. The Action Plan Broomielaw suggests priorities, project leadership and inputs, PHASE 02 Merchant City early actions and sequence of tasks towards implementing each project co-ordinated within the overall DRF. This Action Plan is therefore the principal point of reference in monitoring and co-ordinating delivery of the (Y)our Central District St. Enoch PHASE 03 Regeneration Framework. It is incumbent on project delivery lead and partners to undertake project risk assessments at the commencement and during the implementation of each project, in view of circumstances at that time.

8 9 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION

Policy Context

Glasgow City Development Plan 2017 Glasgow City Region: City Deal Glasgow Economic Strategy 2016-2023

The City Development Plan was adopted in March Glasgow City Council and seven neighbouring The Central DRF objectives fit well with the the St Enoch Shopping Centre, major hotels and 2017 and is the new statutory Local Development local authorities in the city region and Clyde Valley Glasgow Economic Strategy 2016-2023 (November other leisure/entertainment facilities. The district Plan for Glasgow, comprising two overarching have secured one of the UK’s largest City Deals. 2016) and the fundamental aim to make ‘Glasgow includes George Square, the city’s major civic policies (the Placemaking Principle and the most productive major city economy in the UK’. space and key visitor/ cultural attractions such as Sustainable Spatial Strategy) and ten policies The Glasgow City Region City Deal will fund major The current Economic Strategy outlines 10 themes; The Glasgow Royal Concert Hall, Cineworld supported by supplementary guidance. infrastructure projects; create thousands of new Cinema, The Lighthouse, Gallery of Modern Art, jobs and assist thousands of unemployed people 1. Raising health the Pavilion Theatre and on its periphery, the This Central DRF promotes design excellence and back to work; improve public transport and 2. Skills for all Glasgow School of Art Macintosh building, the low-carbon place-making to deliver a mixed use connectivity; drive business innovation and growth Glasgow Film Theatre and O2 ABC music venue. city centre district characterised by a diverse and generate billions of pounds of private sector 3. A fairer Glasgow The area accommodates key public transportation economy and community, in a high density investment. infrastructure hubs - the two main railway stations walkable neighbourhood with excellent public 4. Supporting key sectors Central Station and Queen Street Station, Argyle transport and great public spaces. The City Deal will support the local area to achieve its shared long-term vision for the local economy 5. Innovation/high value employment Street Station, Buchanan Street and St Enoch It is therefore aligned with the CDP Key Aims and through four key areas of focus: subway stations, and numerous principal bus Strategic Outcomes to create; 6. Smart infrastructure investment routes. • Improved infrastructure • a healthy, high quality place 7. Housing mix including an increase in city centre By floorspace in Central District office use is in the • Growth in Life Sciences population majority, but only just at 52% and retail use • a compact city form that supports sustainable increases to its highest market share at 28% of development • Supporting Business Innovation 8. Supporting enterprise floorspace in this core city centre district. • Tackling unemployment 9. Linking education & employment opportunities Hospitality / leisure (11%) followed by residential • a vibrant place with a growing economy (4%) and a marginal amount of miscellaneous • a thriving and sustainable place to live and There is a £1.13 billion fund to support the delivery 10. Increasing population & retaining talent stock make up the balance of floorspace in Central work of improved infrastructure including an improved District. Ryden’s property market analysis report transport network across Glasgow and the Clyde The City and Central district will only realise its (2017) indicated that the new-build office pipeline • a connected place to move around and do Valley, key development and regeneration sites potential, however, if more innovation is in Central District is modest. The retail core is business in and improved public transport. There are two encouraged, the business base grows, skills clearly regionally dominant and tightening around aspects that are of specific relevance to St. Enoch; provision is better linked with the needs of the local Buchanan Street, with a potential step-change in • a green place which is resilient, accessible economy and longstanding health issues are the pipeline when the Buchanan Galleries and attractive City Centre Enabling Infrastructure Integrated tackled. extension is developed. Public Realm Programme – the ‘Avenues’ project The aim of the Placemaking Principle policy CDP 1 is to “improve the quality of development taking £115m fund for a programme of improvement place in Glasgow by promoting a design-led works which will upgrade and enhance the look Central District: Today Central District: Future Distinctive Economic approach.” This policy also supports city centre and feel of Glasgow city centre by delivering a The Central district provides the focus for Glasgow Development Role living in this location, outlining planning network of avenues and public realm investment, city centre’s retail, commercial, business cultural Central District has a very distinctive role to play in requirements which can align with the Central DRF which will support the city centre economy and and entertainment/leisure uses. The District is objectives. help increase footfall. the future wider economic renewal of Glasgow city bounded to the north by Renfrew Street, the centre. The District Framework has evolved from Waterfront and West End Innovation Quarter Broomielaw/Clyde Street and the River Clyde to Getting Ahead of Change: Glasgow City Centre the south and Stockwell Street/Glassford St/North Strategy 2014-19 with the particular emphasis on: The investment in this part of the City Deal project Hanover Street to the east. It overlaps with and (£114m) will increase economic growth by includes part of the Blythswood and Broomielaw continuing the regeneration of the Clyde Waterfront districts to the west and the St Enoch district to the as an attractive urban quarter. south-east. Central DRF area should benefit from City Deal The area includes the ‘Style Mile’ formed along funded enhancement to public realm (Avenues) Buchanan Street from Buchanan Galleries and investment on the Waterfront. southwards to Princes Square and accommodates

10 11 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION

• shop & play- to maintain Glasgow’s position In an increasingly globalised competitive economy, Every attempt must be made to ensure that the Overall the Development Framework ambition in as the best destination to shop and play major cities in the UK and Europe are competing City Centre continues to build on to its relative Central is for balancing all the factors and to ensure outside London; visit & enjoy- to be the most to attract investments, talent and tourists that are competitive edge in terms of retail, food/drink, that Central District is a fundamental element in the prominent leisure and business tourism all formidable drivers of economic growth. The affordable housing for different occupiers, wider ‘Glasgow package’ offered to investors, destination; work & create - to be the biggest race to attract visitors – business tourists, students, researchers and creatives, who are also businesses, employees, families and students when job generator in Scotland; invest & build- to vacationers, city breakers - means cities compete driving its vitality. Therefore, there will also be they are considering Glasgow among other remain a top ten investment location in to host major events. Whether it be events for the opportunities to promote an appropriate choice of competitive locations. Europe. public (e.g. Commonwealth Games 2014, new housing in a range of affordable tenures as European Championships 2018) or for the part of mixed use investment in Central. The • The District Framework objectives fit well with business world (research conferences, trade housing would target a wide range of occupiers the Glasgow Economic Strategy 2016-2023 shows), all are catalysts for economic growth, including singles/couples, downsizers, families (November 2016) and the aim to make drivers of regional development and marketing and include car free housing by increasing active ‘Glasgow the most productive major city opportunities that help boost the city’s visibility and accessibility. economy in the UK’. shape its image. Therefore, the Central The interests of everyone – local business owners, • The objectives of the Central Development Development Framework aims to play a crucial role by ensuring that Buchanan Street maintains its the increasing resident population and highly Framework fit well and support the ten expectant visitors–have to be taken into account in Glasgow Economic Strategy themes and the competitive position as a very successful shopping street for visitors and Glaswegians that meets the the Development Framework. The night-time opportunities to promote key sectors identified economy will look to move away from a focus on in the Glasgow Economic Strategy (see table highest European standards located in what is a lively and even more popular city quarter. younger people. It is hoped by 2022, 40% of below) people using the city centre at night will be aged Central District Framework & Fit with the Glasgow Therefore, there will be an increase in opportunities over 40 and that 40% of operating businesses at Economic Strategy 2016-2023 Sectors for more experiential stores, using the this time will be shops. Encouraging a larger advancement of new technologies, such as variety of retailers and attractions to stay open late Glasgow Economic Strategy (2-16- Central augmented and virtual reality providing shoppers will broaden people’s choices of things to do after with unforgettable experiences and more choice of dark. A more integrated night time strategy would 23) Sectors Focus eating/drinking facilities. George Square will be a also benefit from investment in intramodality and a Digital Technology lively and important destination. The aim is to seamless passenger travel experience between and encourage shoppers to keep on visiting with around the Central District transport system’s two Finance & Business Services ever-more competitive offer to meet the challenges main rail and subway stations/ hubs. Creative Industries of the future retail landscape. This will be reinforced by exploring the possibility of Central District can be a more ‘equal place’ with a Low Carbon establishing new pedestrian routes through the St. focus on attracting an even wider mix of income, Enoch Centre together with a new event square. gender and ethnicity with different options for Health & Life Sciences socialising, not just mainstream drinking venues Engineering, Design & Advanced The Central Development Framework also looks to and with great public art as an inspiring aspect to Manufacturing continue to improve the City Centre’s economic the public space. attractiveness, financial competitiveness, Tourism & Events infrastructure design and social and environmental The Development Framework projects proposed in Higher & Further Education cohesion. There is a significant and growing and around Central District also all include business / financial sector presence in Central opportunities to experiment and test innovative District with the recent completion of some solutions (e.g. data sharing, logistics, signature developments (G1, 110 Queen Street, tele-commuting and digital technology). The SSE) and the retrofitting and upgrading of other Central Development Framework makes room for historic building stock for office use. The a new mix of retail outlets, offices, business space Development Framework aims to continue this and residential units that are both pleasant to use trend to add to the street level mix of uses that and live in and ecologically efficient. Innovative include retail / leisure / food and drink. The overall environment projects can serve as a showcase for objective is to accelerate the existing diversity of the widespread adoption of best practices for uses by bringing vacant upper floor spaces into buildings and ‘eco-districts’ that include for use for residential, creative local enterprise and example fostering the adoption of the new building innovative uses. In a related way, the Development heating networks, networked energy infrastructure Framework also looks to promote links with the and standards. Therefore, Glasgow City Centre existing creative industries and advanced design & will be a place of experimentation, an opportunity manufacturing cluster located elsewhere in the City for companies looking to innovate and test new Centre. solutions.

12 13 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION

14 15 Overview of (Y)our possible projects

16 17 © Crown Copyright (Y)our Central Engagement Issues & Ideas

Through a series of workshops, presentations, site visits and digital tools, (Y)our Central engagement generated numerous issues and ideas. A detailed record of the community and stakeholder engagement has been prepared as a separate document. This page summarises the diversity of comments and discussions raised in considering this district.

18 19 © Crown Copyright (Y)our Central analysis overview Bus Station dislocated from core city centre

Central district has much that is quintessential and synonymous with Glasgow city centre; major shopping streets, busy national train and bus Shopping mall megastructure termini, large offices, significant cultural venues and lively nightlife. disrupts street network It is characterised by the urban grid and fantastic, though occasionally threatened or under appreciated, built heritage. As with the rest of the city centre districts on the riverfront it largely turns Limited greenspace in its back on the River Clyde. district is not publicly Many of the streets are dominated by traffic; cars accessible and buses. Where pedestrian and cycle accessibility has been prioritised and implemented well it is has had demonstrable benefits. Buchanan Street has many positive attributes and demonstrates the impacts enhanced public realm can have. Major public square is poor quality space Other set-piece spaces, including George Street and the north bank of the river fall below the standard befitting such urban assets. These spaces have become dominated by traffic and undermined as people places. There is a chronic lack of greenspace in the Central area, and that provided by George Square or the riverside is of a poor quality. The Central area is enlivened by footfall during the Busy car traffic day due to significant destinations (notably two through city centre Successful pedestrian street major rail stations). However the quality of pedestrian environments is sub-optimal. surrounded by historic buildings The Central DRF area is the most ‘complete’ piece of the city centre which already creates a strong image for Glasgow. However there is significant room for improvement to create an even more welcoming environment for Glaswegians and visitors. There is tremendous scope to add value, to enhance the quality of experience of citylife and Public parksspaces benefit from the amazing assets, notably the built heritage, the river and the mix of activities already Listed building A located in the heart of Scotland’s largest city. evelopment potential

Pedestrianised street

Privatied park

Poor quality public space

Shopping mall megastructure Parking garageopen-air parking

disrupts street network isruptive structures

Busy public transport route

Routes accessible by car

Busy car road

Missing link

20 21 © Crown Copyright (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION Current Central

Queen Street station entrance under development Heritage buildings at risk

Impermeable St. Enoch Shopping Centre Strong potential in developing shopping industry

22 23 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION Current Central

Badly maintained lanes - West George Lane Ineffective and disruptive transport network - Hope Street

Better integrated station entrance under construction - Queen Street Station Main public square - George Square

24 25 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION (Y)our Central projects

In this chapter projects for the Central DRF are summarised. These projects are arranged in 4 themes:

(Y)our updated mobility (Y)our great buildings

(Y)our updated mobility: To enhance Glasgow’s public transport and active travel networks to (Y)our great buildings: To respect Glasgow’s fine built heritage with highest quality contemporary create a sustainable, walkable city design

(Y)our great streets and spaces (Y)our vibrant Central

(Y)our great streets and spaces: To optimise Glasgow’s street grid and address the shortage of (Y)our vibrant Central: To create a lively, convivial, attractive mixed use riverfront city centre district quality greenspace spaces

26 27 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION (Y)our Central objectives

Key objective 1 Key objective 4

Shift towards a more efficient, healthy and Create a diverse building environment sustainable mobility. with existing buildings.

(Y)our updated mobility (Y)our monuments and gap infills

Key objective 2 Key objective 5

Repurpose the urban grid to create an Create a high density and lively city optimsed ‘tartan’ of street types. centre.

(Y)our great streets and spaces (Y)our vibrant Central

Key objective 3 Key objective 6

Extend and enhance pedestrian networks. Re-create the attractive and vibrant Create loops with River Park. city centre.

(Y)our great streets and spaces (Y)our vibrant Central

28 29 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION

TO B (Y)our Central projects list E DEVELOPED

F U R T H E R

Each project is accompanied by an Action Plan (Y)our great streets & spaces (Chapter 7) outlining proposed next and subsequent steps for delivery. Bigger context: improved public spaces and connections Key priority projects are marked with an asterisk *. * Variation in street character (Tartan) To avoid duplication with neighbouring District * Green street, parks and play spaces Regeneration Frameworks for Broomiwlaw, St. Enoch and Blythswood, some projects that apply Updated streets of 'Golden Z' to Central are not included in this document. * Glorious George Square These projects are marked in grey text. * Heilanman's Umbrella as station lobby * Design for rain Bothwell Street: The CBD High Street Surface water management strategy Public art Glorious Argyle Street Refer to Broomielaw DRF Hill to river streets Refer to Broomielaw DRF Central station square Refer to Broomielaw DRF Clean up Jamaica Street Refer to St Enoch DRF New routes through St. Enoch Refer to St Enoch DRF Improved West George Street Refer to Blythswood DRF Blythswood hill steep parks Refer to Blythswood DRF

(Y)our updated mobility (Y)our great buildings Bigger context: shift to more sustainable mobility Bigger context: repaired urban fabric * Ultra low emissions zone * Building add-ons and infills * Traffic-calmed Central * Historic Central * Specialisation in streets (Tartan) Lively streetfronts * Smarter cleaner bus system Design guidelines needed * Smarter parking in Central Open up Buchanan Galleries Updated rail and subway stations Higher density St. Enoch Refer to St Enoch DRF Open up Sr. Enoch Shopping Centre Refer to St Enoch DRF Connecting train stations Updated access to the St. Enoch Car Park Refer to St Enoch DRF Dynamic Buchanan Bus Station Street safety and accessibility River Taxi Refer to Broomielaw and St Enoch DRF Updated Central station and surroundings Refer to Broomielaw DRF North Bank Event Promenade Refer to Broomielaw DRF

30 31 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION

TO B E DEVELOPED

F U R T H E R

(Y)our vibrant Central Transforming (Y)our City Centre Bigger context: mixed and vibrant city centre City Centre strategy board Strong neighbourhood identities Project taskforce Mixed and repopulated Central Project bureau * Re-populated Central Urban room * Experience shopping in Central City centre marketing vision / strategy Working in Central City centre development map Nightlife in Central City centre performance monitor Culture in Central City-wide socio-economic strategy Community infrastructure City centre-wide spatial strategy + integrated city centre vision * Re-purpose vacant spaces Pedestrian + accessibility champion IFSD 2.0 Refer to Broomielaw DRF Nextbike 2.0 Temporary use of buildings (Atlantic Quay 1, 2 & 3 programme) Refer to Broomielaw DRF Coordinated transport delivery City-wide transport strategy Street design guidelines (document) Building design guidelines (document) Transforming (Y)our Central New housing models Sustainable Central Stalled spaces fixer Smart Central Caring city centre Central brand Smart city centre Central performance monitor River strategy Refer to Broomielaw DRF Creative Clyde Refer to Broomielaw DRF Central conservation area River management + delivery board Refer to Broomielaw DRF (Y)our Heritage Property Fund River park design guidelines (document) Refer to Broomielaw DRF Night-time Central Clean and well maintained Central Dedicated Central Team New Central community council

32 33 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION

(Y)our Central priority projects Building add-ons and infills

Hierarchy in streets

Parks and Play Spaces Smarter parking in Central

Enhance connection between bus, train and city centre

Traffic-calmed Central Repurpose vacant spaces Historic Central Ultra low emissions zone

Smarter cleaner bus & Glorious George Square Central Business District ‘High Street’ taxi system Improve connections between stations

Re-populated Central

Design for rain Experience shopping in Central

Hielanman’s Umbrella

DRF priority projects represent a group of key actions that need to be taken more urgently than others within the DRF strategy. Realising these priority projects will greatly contribute to the development of the whole city centre, with a focus on quality place-making. Delivering these project would lead to a well-developed social and cultural scene, support economic development and enable higher urban density in a vibrant, mixed-use Glasgow city centre. Moreover they will act as catalysts to to launch the rest of the projects presented in this DRF.

34 35 © Crown Copyright 02 (Y)OUR UPDATED MOBILITY

FO DRAFTR

R E V I E W (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR UPDATED MOBILITY (Y)OUR UPDATED MOBILITY

Current: inefficient mobility system Scotland’s busiest bus station Analysis mobility system

Car dominated city grid The Central district of Glasgow (as defined by the City Centre Strategy) has Scotland’s busiest public transport hubs. Central and Queen Street Stations are the first and third busiest rail stations Great coverage of public respectively and Buchanan Bus Station is the transport. busiest bus station. These principal terminus stations are adjacent to the subway network and low level heavy rail stations, including Argyle Street Station. Hope Street and Union Street The gridded street network covers most of this part / Jamaica Street dominated of central Glasgow, and includes the longest by very busy bus routes pedestriansed zone in Scotland, comprising parts Car dominated circulation of Sauchiehall Street and Argyle Street, and all of around George Square Buchanan Street. The grid is disrupted by the main terminus rail stations and the two major retail malls (St Enoch and Buchanan Galleries). Central district is largely dominated by car/bus Central and Queens Street Stations - two traffic, which leads to a busy street environment of Scotland’s busiest rail stations. and pedestrian unfriendly streets. Although major car-parking facilities and the bus station are Golden Z pedestrianised from Rose located on the edge of the district boundary, better Street (Sauchiehall St) to Stockwell regulation of car and bus network is urgently Street (Argyle Street) needed. With such great public transport coverage, there is potential to better integrate the use of buses and trains and private car traffic to calm the busy traffic in Central area and create better environment for Fragmented cycle lanes bikes and pedestrians. Although provision for goods vehicles and taxis within the Central area must be maintained, use of Busy car road these vehicles could be closely regulated to ensure an environment is provided which puts priority on Calm car road pedestrians and cyclists. Upgraded subway Missing link Fragmented minor stations ragmented cycle lanes circulation routes Pedestrianised area Bus route Subway station

rain station Bus station

Parking garage

verground car park

38 39 © Crown Copyright (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR UPDATED MOBILITY (Y)OUR UPDATED MOBILITY Current: Central car network Analysis mobility system

Lack of defined allocation of bike lanes - Hope St Vehicular mobility takes up too much space - Bothwell St

Potential to upgrade the neglected lanes - West George Lane Queen Street Station entrance under refurbishment

40 41 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR UPDATED MOBILITY (Y)OUR UPDATED MOBILITY

(Y)our updated mobility Improve proposed bus terminal with better integration Overview mobility projects

Repair broken links Major mobility improvements include: and create shortcuts Reduced amount of space allocated for cars in the city street grid (the M8 becomes an inner city ring relief road, no through traffic in city centre). Create hierarchy of street functions in ‘tartan’ street grid. Well regulated car network City parking This frees up space in key streets by allowing local car traffic only (eg. West George St). Enhanced pedestrian and cycle priority routes and streets. Updated bus circulation Create efficient edge of city centre car parking Updated stations and surroundings along M8 corridor combined with consolidated on-street parking. Updated stations and surrounding areas at Queen Street and Central Stations. Smarter, more efficient, comfortable and cleaner bus system. Smart strategy bike Traffic-calmed George Square network and facilities

Calmed Argyle Street

Optimized car/public transport Optimized circulation to pedestrian/bike connection

No through traffic between car zones

Reduced traffic load on quay

42 43 © Crown Copyright (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR UPDATED MOBILITY (Y)OUR UPDATED MOBILITY (Y)our updated mobility Bigger context: shift to more sustainable mobility

Glasgow needs to shift away from its strong Strategies for reducing car traffic in the city centre dependency on cars. Cars use space inefficiently, • Probably the most important project of all: Work they pollute and make streets unattractive and on a new ambitious transport strategy for unsafe. The city of Glasgow has three great Glasgow that considers all modes of transport assets: needs to be started as soon as possible -- The rail and subway infrastructure is a legacy • A shift to more sustainable modes of transport is of Glasgow’s Victorian Heritage when the city instrumental to make the city more liveable. had almost twice the number of inhabitants. -- Most streets are wide so there is enough space to introduce lanes for cyclists and widen footways. Cars are like water. If you reduce capacity in one spot they will flow via another route. That is why -- The upgraded M74-M73 is the ideal loop car circulation should only be considered at a city around the city centre to replace the M8 as a and regional level. Work on a new ambitious national thoroughfare. The M8 can be transport strategy for Glasgow that considers all downgraded to become part of a local city modes of transport needs to be started as soon as centre ring that accommodates displaced possible. Re-thinking/coordination of the bus through-traffic from the city centre. system is crucial. Intense collaboration with Glasgow should use these three assets to change Transport Scotland and other national agencies is its ‘modal split’ to more sustainable modes of crucial. transport. By intelligently moving the car to the Park+Ride: Transfer from car to public transportation periphery of the city centre, and by creating a seamlessly integrated public transport and cycle Location: Glasgow city region. network, the city will become more attractive, more liveable and it will attract new investments.

Park+Walk: Change motorist to pedestrian New High St Future continuation of EERR

A728(EERR) replaces High St for local car traffic circulation

National through traffic

MEASURES Downgrading of High St through the implementation of wider car loop CAN ONLY BE Bike+Ride: Extend the reach of public transportation with the bike PROPERLY ACCESSED IN WIDER CITY 44 CONTEXT 45 © Crown Copyright (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR UPDATED MOBILITY (Y)OUR UPDATED MOBILITY

(Y)OU (Y)our updated mobility PRIORITYR

P R Ultra low emission zone O JECT

Once the Low Emissions Zone is in place, utilise monitoring to identify the impact of • Low Emissions Zone can help to improve air implementation, assess benefit and the scope for quality with limited public investment and within change to achieve Ultra Low Emissions Zones relatively short amount of time. targets. Location: City centre and surroundings.

46 47 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR UPDATED MOBILITY (Y)OUR UPDATED MOBILITY

(Y)OU (Y)our updated mobility PRIORITYR

P R Traffic-calmed Central O City Centre M8 becomes local relief J road / discourage national trip / no ECT HGVs

A complete re-thinking of the car circulation in the city centre is needed. The city centre largely has • Only the cars that need to be there enter the city an orthogonal grid; this makes system changes centre. Other cars drive around fairly simple. Historically the car circulation in the • The reduced amount of cars increases the city centre was straightforward: parallel streets with quality of the city centre alternating directions. • These measures stimulate the city’s economy The proposal is to revert to that system, with one rather than limiting it change: the city centre is divided in 3 sectors. To get from one sector to the other, the new city ring (former M8 + East End Regeneration Route / Clyde Gateway) is needed. This simple change almost free of traffic. Crossing directly from one turns the city centre into a zone for local traffic only. zone to the other will remain possible for service Through-traffic is blocked or limited to some vehicles and buses. Proposed city ring hundreds of vehicles per day. This is a system that Further study as an integrated part of a refreshed National through traffic is used in many comparable cities. Transport Strategy is crucial. The key public spaces would form the logical divide between the zones: The ‘golden Z’ (Sauchiehall St, Buchanan St, Argyle St) and the Location: Glasgow city region Possible concept for the city centre circulation system river. This means that these public spaces become

Key public streets are full of cars

Calmed streets toward city centre

Too much through Through car traffic between zones is not allowed traffic on the quays

High Street serves as a part of the city ring

MEASURES CAN ONLY BE PROPERLY ACCESSED IN WIDER 48 49 CITY CONTEXT (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR UPDATED MOBILITY (Y)OUR UPDATED MOBILITY

(Y)OU (Y)our updated mobility PRIORITYR

P R Specialisation in streets (Tartan) O JE T C Calmed car traffic toward city centre

This project deals with a couple of challenges and opportunities: • Makes a more attractive city -- Glasgow’s urban grid is fantastic but analysis • Stimulates more sustainable and healthy of the streets supports the view of many mobility stakeholders that there is a lack of variety • With the width of Glaswegian streets there is which makes wayfinding and navigation enough space available difficult. This is compounded by the one-way system which confuses many pedestrians and • This project deals with the mobility aspects of drivers. There is potential for more variation the streets. See ‘(Y)our great streets and and quality streets to enhance street hierarchy spaces’ for the spatial aspects. Main and neighbourhood car network Pedestrian promenades and assist intuitive navigation. -- The tendency to allow all users to use almost The proposal is to dedicate the freed-up space to all streets undermines the potential of the grid specific users; creating streets with a particular to achieve optimal connectivity. There are cars, functional profile, resembling a Tartan pattern: taxis, buses, cyclists and pedestrians in most dedicated bus streets, cycle highways, pedestrian Smart bike parking strategy is needed of the streets, competing for a finite amount of boulevards or just green calm neighbourhood space. The Glaswegian urban block is more streets. As a result each street gets its own spatial Regulated bus network in city centre compact than many other cities and therefore character as well.This is combined with a strict there is a higher ratio of street to building regime of continuous cycle/bus routes from the footprint, nevertheless smarter optimisation of suburbs right into the heart of the city centre. the available street space is necessary. Busy access streets will remain, but they will -- At the moment cycling, walking or commuting become less of an issue; there are parallel routes by bus is very unattractive. To make these for bus and bike and there is always a quiet green modes of transport a serious alternative (over street around the corner. The concept cannot be the car), routes/networks need to be faster, rigid. At some bottlenecks, different users will need more intuitive, comfortable and safe. to be combined. -- With the proposed reduction of car traffic in This approach is consistent with a Smart Grid / the city centre (no more through traffic, less Superblocks concept with local car access street parking, better public transport) street between EIIPR / Avenues. Refer to (Y)our Great space becomes abundant. You can start to Streets and Spaces chapter. think about alternative uses for the city centre streets. Location: City centre and surroundings. Bike priority streets Bus priority streets

The tartan concept proposes higher quality streets: more specialized in function and more specific in spatial character. Lanes (Y)our avenues 50 51 © Crown Copyright (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR UPDATED MOBILITY (Y)OUR UPDATED MOBILITY

(Y)OU (Y)our updated mobility PRIORITYR

P R Smarter cleaner bus network O JECT

The bus system in Glasgow is sub-optimal and performs inefficiently. • This project aims to re-think and coordinate the bus system for a more efficient, intuitive, clean • Regional bus routes traverse the city centre, bus system and a more attractive city centre often in places where they needn’t and shouldn’t be. • Bus routes / stops which are duplicated for • No more regional buses through all city centre different operators are scattered throughout neighbourhoods, they are concentrated in the city. dedicated bus corridors. • Buses exacerbate congestion and pollution. • Local buses have a finer-grained network, are • Many bus routes are slow / unreliable and they smaller and electric. do not connect efficiently to other modes of • Buchanan Bus Station becomes a ‘dynamic public transport. bus station’. • Apparently several bus routes have become • There are no secondary bus terminals added. unprofitable. The effect will be a more efficient, intuitive, clean and reliable bus system serving a more attractive This project aims to re-think and coordinate the city centre. bus system and cope with these issues. • Fluent connections to the main train stations Location: Glasgow city region. Currently a sprawl of local and regional bus lines

Regionaal buses from the North zone go directly to Buchanan station Diagram shows one option only, more studies for actual strategy is needed

Small electric local buses driving a finer grained network

Messy bus network in city centre, clean-up and regulated bus network is needed Regionaal buses concentrated in dedicated bus corridors that touch the main stations

Regionaal buses from the South zone pass through the corridor

A first concept for a more effective and less disruptive bus system

52 53 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR UPDATED MOBILITY (Y)OUR UPDATED MOBILITY

(Y)OU (Y)our updated mobility PRIORITYR

P R Smarter parking in Central O JECT

Investigate the possibility to consolidate and concentrate large multi-storey car parking (MSCP) • Smart placement of parking garages leads to on the edge of the city centre in line with current less congestion in the city centre strategies would; • More footfall will revive the edge of the retail • Serve the city centre, feeding directly to the district shopping, leisure and cultural centre of • Public spaces will be more attractive Glasgow city region. • Reduce traffic/parking load on the city centre by catching incoming traffic directly at the city Larger MSCP have major economic / efficiency edge. benefits over multiple smaller car parks. New MSCP should encourage electric car usage and • Release sites currently accommodating car be designed so they can be retrofitted and parking for other development elsewhere in re-purposed if/when parking demand reduces due the city centre. to automated vehicles parking / re-charging outwith the city centre. • Take parking from the streets. • Drive visitor footfall creating economic opportunities. Candidate sites are liable to be outwith the Central DRF study area.

Scope for additional multi-storey parking at the end of Suchiehall St Existing multi-storey parking at Buchanan galleries

Calmed city centre traffic with pedestrian and bike friendly design

Parking hub and on-street parking Scope for additional multi-storey parking at covering the whole city centre Direct access to the golden ‘Z’ redeveloped Blythswood Court

New integrated parking on Kings St

Direct access to the river park 54 55 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR UPDATED MOBILITY (Y)OUR UPDATED MOBILITY

(Y)OU (Y)our updated mobility PRIORITYR

P R Smarter parking in Central O JECT

• The majority of parking for new developments should be accommodated, hidden from street • Taking cars off the streets means more livable view, inside building blocks or half streets underground. • Compacting in parking garages is more efficient • Open air/surface parking should be limited to (cheaper) and frees up space for development minimal on-street parking on one side of the street and preferably in parallel bays • Sites currently with off street surface parking should be redeveloped with buildings or turned into quality public space.

Location: Central District.

Roof treatment and activation Lively plinth

Bigger capacity parking: City centre parking Underground parking e.g. King St redevelopment

Bigger capacity parking: e.g. King St redevelopment Green and light in courtyard and parking Limited on-street parking on neighbourhood streets

Integrated parking in buildings Regulated on-street parking

56 57 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR UPDATED MOBILITY (Y)OUR UPDATED MOBILITY (Y)our updated mobility Updated train stations

Glasgow’s Stations are important gateways into • Upgrade to Argyle Line stations (eg Central • St Enoch Subway station is an exemplar of the city centre. At these points visitors should feel Station Low Level and Argyle Street Station) – what can be achieved. Seek to emulate • High quality stations and surroundings are welcome, comfortable and safe. Wayfinding and refresh station interiors, lighting, passenger equivalent high standards across the network. crucial for improving the perception of the area orientation should be intuitive and fast. Some of facilities / real-time travel information, • In preparing the DRF it was also noted that • It is also vital for making public transport an these locations have already received additional wayfinding and integration with other modes of attractive alternative to the car investment towards creating high quality space, transport. several of the potential Glasgow HS2 (high clear signage and attractive and logical speed) station locations are within the Central • Good connections between different modes of connections to the surrounding city and other • Several consultees highlighted the possibility DRF area. transport at these hubs is crucial of re-opening a low-level / sub-surface station modes of transport. This will increase the use of At Bridge Street Subway and Argyle Street and public transport, walking and cycling as an on the Argyle Line at Trongate. Also scope for • Higher density, mixed use development around vertical interchange with any new station east High Street Stations there exist opportunities to (and above - if possible) stations (transit alternative to the car and help to regenerate the realise high density, low car / car-free mixed use areas around stations. of the Mercat Building at Glasgow Cross on orientated development) should be advocated any future reopening of the City Union line. redevelopment at and above these stations (transit where possible. Opportunities / areas of focus include; The City Union line would also serve Gorbals orientated development) with a potential halt in Laurieston. • Dependency on Network Rail buy in to realise • Transform sense of arrival at Central Station Queen Street station is currently undergoing an full potential of the project. (including Low Level) with enhancements to • Suggestions from consultees included future- £120m redevelopment which will include new Heilanman’s Umbrella proofing Central by providing additional station entrances and lengthened platforms. platform capacity at Bridge Street (where Location: Central Station, Argyle Street Station, St. Central’s predecessor terminus was originally Enoch Subway, Bridge Street Subway. Applies to situated). Scope to link to Bridge Street High Street Station (albeit out-with DRF study area) Subway.

Well connected Buchanan Bus Station

Re-established Charing Cross station

Queen St Station entrance enchanced

Possibility of HS2 Terminus coming to Central

Highlight the entrance inside of the tunnel

Improve connection to the riverfront 58 59 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR UPDATED MOBILITY (Y)OUR UPDATED MOBILITY (Y)our updated mobility Connecting train stations

The pedestrian link between Queen Street Station Some references were made, during consultations, • Be free of service /delivery vehicles during and Central Station is one of the most important regarding a tunnel linking both stations. Whilst if peak times • It is vital to encourage public transport usage by connections in the city centre public transport this existed it may provide a route sheltered from making interchange between stations attractive network. It needs to be made clearer and more the weather it would diminish the street life and • Be augmented with an electric shuttle bus service • Opportunity to enhance pedestrian experience intuitive. activity in the area. for all on busiest city centre streets The route should seamlessly integrate with the As part of the upgrade of the Stations and their The route should; • Create great first impression of the city surroundings, this link should also be enhanced. It redeveloped Queen Street Station. is an opportunity to enhance the passenger • Incorporate thematic, clear and quality experience and showcase the best of Glasgow, signage and lighting to guide passengers including setpiece buildings, streets and squares between each station Location: The main route may be Gordon Street - including Buchanan Street, Royal Exchange • Pilot best practice inclusive design elements to Buchanan Street - West George Street with an Square, Nelson Mandela Square and George enhance access for all alternative via Royal Exchange Square and George Square. Square. • Have pedestrian priority road crossing points Many of these spaces have benefitted from along the route significant public realm enhancements. Those that have yet to be upgraded should be prioritised. The • Incorporate real-time / digital customer route(s) should be arranged to drive footfall and information of train times (and walk times to promote the retail and food and drink outlets as stations) part of the travel experience and benefit local businesses.

Alternative route for pedestrians showcasing two principal city squares (Royal Exchange Sq. and George Sq.)

60 61 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR UPDATED MOBILITY (Y)OUR UPDATED MOBILITY (Y)our updated mobility Dynamic Buchanan Bus Station

Whilst strictly speaking outwith the DRF area, the interface with Buchanan Bus Station is so • Enhance bus passenger experience to important that it has been considered within the encourage higher patronage of network scope of this study. • Better integration of bus station into city centre The current experience of entering the city centre • Optimise use of key city centre site from Buchanan Bus Station is poor. The interchange between rail and bus is almost non existent. See the ‘Buildings’ chapter for a project elsewhere, the station has a more compact and that promotes improved connections between the intuitive layout.) bus terminus, the rail terminus and Buchanan Street. Any alternative layouts should seek to enhance the passenger experience: less walking, more direct, As part of any project that makes Glasgow’s bus safe and intuitive links to the centre. system smarter and more attractive, there is scope to improve the bus station. There is scope to integrate the new bus station in a mixed use building development, using a key city There may be scope and benefit in considering centre location more intensively and promoting converting the bus station from a ‘terminal type’ development cluster around transport hubs. A DIRO (drive-in, reverse out : buses stand for a long covered station would provide shelter and electric time, take a lot of space and are slow because bus fleets would alleviate fume extract issues. they need to drive backwards) to a ‘dynamic type’ DIDO (drive-in, drive-out : buses drive through the Location: Buchanan Bus Station, Buchanan station to pick up and drop off with lay-over space Galleries, Queen Street Train Station

Taxi and car drop-off zone

Upgrade public square in front of the main entrance entrance

New connection in-between the shopping centre and the adjacent car parking

Proposed new connection to train station Dedicated bus stop / interchange on Cathedral Street to serve rail station and relieve bus station

62 63 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR UPDATED MOBILITY (Y)OUR UPDATED MOBILITY (Y)our updated mobility Street safety and Accessibility

Streets should be designed in an intuitive and logical way, applying a ‘Designing Streets’ • Many current streets have a traditional layout approach. This means that the design of a street, with a lot of space for cars. More space for square or crossing clearly indicates to car-users, pedestrians and bikes and a less paternalistic cyclists and pedestrians intuitively how to behave; layout creates more awareness and safety where they have priority or whether they are sharing between different users. the space. This means that streets become more differentiated (see Tartan concept). traffic-light sequencing, less street markings and signs cluttering street-scene. This will need further • In busy access streets / Avenues like Argyle detailing in GCC’s ‘Street Design Guidelines’. Street / Trongate cars access is maintained with a more traditional design (aspalt, footways, Accessibility for all users is an integral part of zebras, ..). building and street design guidelines. Integrating inclusive design for optimum accessibility for those • In the quieter neighbourhood streets, with mobility or sensory impairments or autism carriageways can be narrower with setts or should enable better spaces for all. equivalent materials. It is proposed to have a Pedestrian and Accessibility • Streets should be laid out to slower design Champion to advocate for and secure improved speeds and encouraging ‘passive enforcement’ accessibility for all. (Refer to the transforming (Y)our of parking. City Centre companion document) There are less/few pedestrian guardrails, longer Location: Central District. ‘green man’ periods and pedestrian priority

64 65 03 (Y)OUR GREAT STREETS AND SPACES (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR GREAT STREETS AND SPACES (Y)OUR GREAT STREETS AND SPACES Current: unremarkable, car dominated spaces Analysis streets and public spaces

Inaccessible green space Impermeable megastructures Central DRF area is characterised by Glasgow’s urban breaking the urban fabric street grid. Most of these streets are car dominated, and many consultees highlighted the detrimental impact of traffic and poor pedestrian experience in much of the area. Many consultees raised concern at the maintenance and quality of streets in the city centre. The quality of the overall experience of the city’s streets and public spaces is of paramount importance; businesses, shoppers, residents and tourists all demand an attractive and comfortable experience and will chose to spend time and money elsewhere if the standard is Public spaces are hard, car poor. dominated and lacking amenity The Central DRF area has the most important public spaces in Glasgow, including George Square and Buchanan Street (the main spine of the ‘Golden Z’). Most consultees highlighted the need to significantly enhance George Square, and to enliven and use the network of public spaces, including the riverside. Concerns were raised by many regarding the deterioration of Sauchiehall Street and Argyle Street, with diminished retail offer and quality and a pressing need to reinvigorate these streets in the era of internet retail. Many consultees noted that the poor quality streetscapes The area is dominated by detract from the famous architectural heritage of the historic city. unneccessary through traffic Most streets are car dominated spaces throughout the district. Analysis confirms consultees’ comments and observations that there is too much space allocated for motorised vehicles in comparison to pedestrian and cycle. There is currently 3 times as much space allocated to traffic as there is pedestrian space, and in certain locations in the Central DRF area the imbalance is even more pronounced. Underused public space Upgrading pedestrian friendly streets and spaces, to a standard befitting a leading European city, and a providing a better connected and higher quality Lack of riverside activity pedestrian and cycle networks is crucial. St Enoch shopping centre blocking Analysis confirms many people’s impression that the city direct connection to the river centre (and Central DRF area in particular) is a hard, and sometimes harsh, environment with barely any soft landscaping or green space.

68 69 © Crown Copyright (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR GREAT STREETS AND SPACES (Y)OUR GREAT STREETS AND SPACES Current: unremarkable, car dominated space Analysis streets and public spaces

Car dominated environment - Argyle Street Underperforming main city square - George Square

Unappealing public space - St. Vincent Lane Great people place - Buchanan Street

70 71 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR GREAT STREETS AND SPACES (Y)OUR GREAT STREETS AND SPACES

(Y)our great streets and spaces Updated Golden ‘Z’ Overview streets and spaces projects Cut through Buchanan Galleries

• Improve existing key public spaces, e.g. Green park and play spaces George Square, Golden “Z”, Blythswood Square. • Create a River Park along the city centre’s riverfront (see Broomielaw and St Enoch DRFs). Adopt a Superblock / • Create a pedestrian-friendly street environment Smart Grid approach by capitalising on the ‘Avenues’ investment at appropriate connecting streets e.g. Miller Street. Central Business District High Street • Create a ‘green’ Pedestrian Loop connecting central Glasgow’s two main squares (George Sq and Blythswood Sq) with the River Park • Design for rain : work with the prevailing climate to create positive micro-climates. • Reconnect missing links : create a comprehensive and fully connected pedestrian and cycle network. Updated George Square • Calm traffic : street designs that ensure passive enforcement to reduce traffic speeds,

illegal parking and give pedestrian priority. Glorious Argyle Street ope t nion t nion • Lively street-fronts : activate street frontages Create and enhance the Green and enable lively street-scenes. Pedestrian Loop linking River Park, George Square and Blysthwood Design for rain

Street connection to riverfront

Cut through St. Enoch Shopping Centre See Chapter (Y)our River Park

e s orriors

72 73 © Crown Copyright (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR GREAT STREETS AND SPACES (Y)OUR GREAT STREETS AND SPACES (Y)our great streets and spaces Bigger context: improved public spaces and connections

The proposed ambition to improve public space in the city centre should consist of these key • Increase attractiveness of walking and cycling to elements: induce more active travel and less reliance on private car The River Clyde corridor is converted into Glasgow city centre’s biggest city park (see River Park • Good neighbourhood amenities such as green chapter). spaces and play spaces make the centre more attractive for inhabitants, visitors and investors The City Deal funded EIIPR Avenues project upgrades principal streets within the city centre. • Spectacular parks and events squares will attract more tourists/visitors and supplement The tartan street grid concept proposes clearer increased footfall to boost the economy street hierarchy to optimise the urban grid and create higher quality streets: more specialised in function and more specific in spatial character. An urban Event Square as part of the re-development of the King Street site in St. Enoch Improving pedestrian and cyclist links to make a to plug a gap in event space provision as part of a fine-grained, comfortable and logical network; more optimal hierarchy of city centre public events repairing historic connections which have been spaces should be considered. severed or attending to obvious missing links. The tartan concept proposes higher quality streets: more specialized in function This would relieve George Square and St. Enoch and more specific in spatial character. A series of pocket parks should be added to Square from overly intensive, insensitive uses. compensate for the lack of quality public green and play spaces within the city centre. Location: City Centre

EIIPR Avenues

Break through Buchanan Galleries City centre pedestrian routes connect different key public spaces

New connections through St Enoch shopping centre

74 75 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR GREAT STREETS AND SPACES (Y)OUR GREAT STREETS AND SPACES

(Y)OU (Y)our great streets and spaces PRIORITYR

P R Variation in street character (Tartan) O JECT

This concept deals with a series of challenges and opportunities: • Makes a more attractive and livable city -- The street grid is fantastic but a bit repetitive. • Stimulates more sustainable and healthy mobility There is potential for more variation and Busy access streets quality, to create a more legible street grid • With the oversize of Glaswegian streets there is Calm neighbourhood streets which is easier to navigate through. enough space available Pedestrian promenades -- At present cycling, walking or commuting by • Review one-way system and verify optimal traffic Bike priority streets bus can be very unattractive. To make management Bus priority streets sustainable mobility (active travel and public Lanes transport) a serious alternative (over the car), -- In quiet neighbourhood streets, the extra routes/networks need to be safer, faster, more The first aspect that defines the character of the street: The traffic function. intuitive, reliable and comfortable. space can be dedicated to green private frontyards. -- With the proposed reduction of car traffic in the city centre (no more through traffic, less -- In main pedestrian routes like Argyle Street or street parking, better public transport) street Saltmarket footways can be widened with space becomes even more abundant. It is space for cafe / terraces and trees (inground possible to start to think about alternative uses or containers). for the city centre streets. -- In bike streets a wide bike lane is created. This project refers to the spatial aspects of the -- In bus streets the extra space goes to streets. See ‘(Y)our updated mobility’ for the traffic segregated bus and cycle lanes. and transport aspects. -- Any efficiency in the car street network The fact that less street space is taken up by cars (through better planning or new technologies and that streets have different functional eg autonomous vehicles) should be translated specialties (see page on the right) can be used to in to benefits for pedestrians and cyclists. give streets a more specific character. This is not a formal design decision, but as a result of Location: City centre and surroundings. contextual conditions, street function and analysis. This means that the street design can vary (even EEIPR Avenue within one street) according to the use. For Other key streets example: Normal streets

The second aspect: The hierarchy of streets, the importance in the Glaswegian’s mental map.

Predominantly shops

Predominantly office

Predominantly residential The tartan concept proposes higher quality streets with a more specific spatial character. Mixed uses Not as a formal design decision, but as a result of contextual conditions. Predominantly closed facade

The third aspect: The use of the buildings, the liveliness of the plinth, streetside activities.

76 77 © Crown Copyright (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR GREAT STREETS AND SPACES (Y)OUR GREAT STREETS AND SPACES

(Y)OU (Y)our great streets and spaces PRIORITYR

P R Variation in street character (Tartan) O JECT

Busy access street (20m width*) Pedestrian promenade (20m width*)

Calm neighbourhood street (20m width*) Bike priority street (20m width*)

* Glasgow city centre street width from 18m to 25m in general.

78 79 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR GREAT STREETS AND SPACES (Y)OUR GREAT STREETS AND SPACES

(Y)OU (Y)our great streets and spaces PRIORITYR

P R Variation in street character (Tartan) O JECT

Bus priority street (20m width*)

GOODS LOADING / UNLOADING MANAGEMENT AREAS

GOODS VEHICLES

The Glasgow city centre grid lends itself to the Superblock concept pioneered in Barcelona. the opportunity exists to reduce car penetration by allowing local access only between principal streets (eg the ‘Avenues’). This should be piloted between Sauchiehall Street / Bath Street and St. Vincent Street around Blythswood Square.

Lane (5m width)

80 81 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR GREAT STREETS AND SPACES (Y)OUR GREAT STREETS AND SPACES

(Y)OU (Y)our great streets and spaces PRIORITYR

P R Green streets, parks and play spaces O JECT

Glasgow needs more green and more play spaces: • Vital to creating more attractive public spaces Create green roofs to enhance • Besides the bigger green spaces like the River and changing the perception of the area biodiversity and attenuate water (‘Sponge City’) Park and Glasgow Green, smaller parks, Intensify urban density squares and green street are desirable • Will make a more healthy and happy city by ‘topping up’ buildings throughout the city centre. In Central the available space is limited. The biggest opportunity is to create green and play spaces strategy with clustered trees or solitary trees as part of the redevelopment of the King Street seems most suitable. site (a new route from Buchanan Street to Glasgow Green) and to intensify the use of • A robust ‘Tree Plan’ needs to be developed existing underused green spaces. together with the different Council departments Create publicly accessible Activating green spaces in Central to ensure that maximum ‘greenness’ is ‘pocket parks’ • The amount of trees in Glasgow’s city centre achieved within the technical and financial streets needs to be dramatically increased. constraints. This will need further detailing in Besides making streets more attractive, trees ‘Street Design Guidelines’. are needed to filter micro-particles, absorb CO2 and create more bio-diversity. Not every street Location: All Central streets and roofs. may require trees since there are monumental vistas or special street fronts to be protected. In Central streets are narrow and intimate. A

Roof-top green and play spaces

Potentially activate lanes

Potential ‘quick wins’ to enhance urban green space Redefined roles of different squares/ public spaces in city centre

Research activating courtyard spaces

82 83 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR GREAT STREETS AND SPACES (Y)OUR GREAT STREETS AND SPACES (Y)our great streets and spaces Updated streets of “Golden Z”

Sauchiehall Street and Argyle Street will be upgraded as part of the Avenues project. • To strengthen and improve the position of Buchanan Street is not part of the Avenues Glasgow’s shopping district it is important to upgrade project. The actions below apply to the keep investing/refreshing whole Golden Z, including Buchanan Street. • Uprades of the extremities of the Golden Z can • Clean up clutter in the streets. Take out all reverse the decline of these areas Street furniture in line with elements that are not absolutely necessary Messy, unclear streetscape trees (phone booths, advertisement, ...). • Re-organize necessary elements (terraces, • Increased pedestrian experience towards the seating, lighting, street bins, wayfinding, river. This should include adjustments to St. green) in clusters along 2 lines on two sides of Enoch Square. the streets. • Integration of lanes adjacent to the main • Improved cleaning and maintenance regime. shopping streets to promote a fully functional and attractive pedestrian area around the main • Deliveries only outside shop opening hours axis of commercial activity in Glasgow. and especially not during rush hour. Location: Suchiehall Street, Buchanan Street, • Scope to improve experience of street Argyle Street (East of Central Station). (podiums for activity as part of street design?) Current situation Proposed situation

High quality street frontages on Buchanan Street

Activated Buchanan St all the way to the riverfront

84 85 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR GREAT STREETS AND SPACES (Y)OUR GREAT STREETS AND SPACES

(Y)OU (Y)our great streets and spaces PRIORITYR

P R Design for rain O JECT

Despite the climate and prevailing wind / rain Glasgow has very few sheltered or covered 24/7 • Enhanced comfort in key locations in Glasgow’s publicly accessible spaces. This proposal seeks to city centre increase comfort in key public spaces, by creating • Buchanan Street could become an even more covered streets / squares / lanes so Glaswegians attractive leisure / retail destination can enjoy being outside more often. Livelier public spaces will enhance the city. -- Glass covered lanes and back courts -- The area between key public transport nodes -- Entrances into railway stations (Dundas Lane, (eg. Central Station, Queen Street Station and Gordon St.), Buchanan Bus Station) is where canopies could be focussed, including parts of -- Potentially some of the historic streets and Buchanan Street. squares with high quality designed galleria. -- A full covering of the route between the -- Viaduct Upgrades: Hielanman’s Umbrella/ Stations was considered but, following Midland St/underpasses off Bridge St to consultations, deemed to be technically too Tradeston/beneath City Union line (enhanced challenging and negatively impacting the lighting, artwork) historic streetscape. Therefore a more localised approach is proposed; As part of the proposed Street Design Guidelines a unified canopy design for use in key public spaces -- With pedestrians walking from canopy to is needed. canopy on-street Location: The area between Central Station, Queen Street Station and Buchanan Bus Station

Occasional squares and spaces are covered

Hielanman’s Umbrella as station lobby Lanes become shopping arcades

86 87 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR GREAT STREETS AND SPACES (Y)OUR GREAT STREETS AND SPACES

(Y)OU (Y)our great streets and spaces PRIORITYR

P R Glorious George Square O JECT

George Square is one of Scotland’s most Many design proposals have been made for important public spaces. However, as feedback George Square in the recent past. They have not from consultees confirms, it falls far short as a high been successful because the requirements for the quality urban space. It is asked to perform too square were not clear enough. many functions, and fails to fulfil any of them adequately. It is a giant roundabout, a place of With the proposal to make an event square in St arrival and orientation in the city, a place to enjoy Enoch and the proposal to take cars and buses off good weather and company, a place to picnic, a George Square (See: (Y)our updated mobility), (hardly) green space, a ceremonial place there is scope to give George Square back its (including for Rememberance), a place for protest, grandeur and to make the space more for music and performance, a display of historic appropriate. monuments, a seasonal events venue (eg Winter This project doesn’t seek to add yet another Festival) and other things besides. This many design; it suggests some guiding principles. competing functions can only result in compromising the quality and clarity of the spatial design. George Square needs to be given back its dignity, rather than be commercialised. Before developing specific design proposals it is essential to define the hierarchy of urban spaces in the city centre and understand what functions and events should go where and why.

Calm traffic in surrounding New public spaces in the city centre for different streets of Geroge Square scale of event to be relocated from Geroge Square

Event space is relocated to the new plaza in King St (refers to St. Enoch DRF)

88 89 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR GREAT STREETS AND SPACES (Y)OUR GREAT STREETS AND SPACES (Y)our great streets and spaces Glorious George Square

George Square should; • Create a great ‘national’ square; a dignified, • Be a civic square which is pedestian-friendly accessible people place to gather for and with highest quality materials and celebrations, rememberance or protest. planting. • Provide a memorable and positive ‘image’ of the • Consider the Square holistically as a coherent city. urban space, from building facade to building facade, and integrate with adjacent • Central Glasgow has very few urban squares in streetscape. which to enjoy being outdoors. • Vehicles should be removed from George • George Square should be one of Europe’s great Square, in full or in part. urban squares, framed by great buildings including the City Chambers and a revamped • Events requiring intrusive ‘staging’ should be Queen Street Station. hosted in a purpose designed urban ‘events square’ in St. Enoch or elsewhere freeing up George Square to be a people place for relaxation and for occasional national gatherings (celebration, rememberance). • Location: George Square and direct surroundings.

Take out car traffic and extend the square:

Large amount of cars and buses passes through the square

Improve N/S pedestrian connection

Access only by exemption

Current situation, square is roundabout. Step 1: First extension, while keeping traffic. Step 2: Traffic is out, square is big.

After car traffic and events are gone, the square can get a more specific function and design (first ideas):

Classic layout Public Park Cerimonial square with relocated, Smaller square improved and added statues

Quiet, pedestrian friendly George square

Restore/enhance the historic square? Option: Gallery of Scottish heroes Option: Lush green park with smaller squares on both sides

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(Y)OU (Y)our great streets and spaces PRIORITYR

P R Hielanman’s Umbrella as station lobby O JECT

• By improving Hielanman’s Umbrella, Glasgow gets two great upgrades in one: a great station Hielanman’s Umbrella is a strategic point in the -- Cleans up facades and ceiling of the Umbrella lobby and a great connection between city. It connects the two sides of Argyle Street and / station undercroft and brings lights to Broomielaw and St. Enoch functions as a Station entrance from Broomielaw daylight levels to celebrate the engineering / and St Enoch. built heritage. The space is currently very unattractive (dark, dirty -- Fundamentally widen and open up the unsafe and dominated by traffic). This station entrances from the Umbrella into the station. entrance lacks the welcoming appeal of the Gordon Street entrance that, despite being -- Create wider footways for pedestrians, while blighted by excessive traffic, has a grandeur keeping enough space for cyclists and befitting Scotland’s busiest station. possibly other traffic to drive through slowly. This project proposes to reduce car and bus traffic -- Improve pavement quality, incl. natural stone under the rail viaduct and turn it into a light and on carriageway. Subtle but recognisable attractive station lobby which; distinction between lanes. -- Enhances the connection between -- Actively engage with owner(s) / occupier(s) of neighbourhoods (St. Enoch and Broomielaw) commercial spaces between Hope Street and Union Street to upgrade the space and uses. Current situation Proposed situation -- Seeks to reduce car and bus traffic as much as possible (only taxi and small local electric Network Rail would be instrumental in executing this proposal. Busy car traffic and dark lighting make Hielanman’s Umbrella an Transform Hielanman’s Umbrella into station lobby by lighting up the buses, re-route big regional and/or diesel unpleasant dirty and unsafe passage. Station entrances are hidden covered space and improving the shop fronts on both side. Minimal buses and other traffic). Location: Hielanman’s Umbrella between Hope and unwelcoming. amounts of (electric) traffic allowed. Street and Union Street.

Highlighted station entrance Move station entrances close to both Hope St and Union St

Lively shopfronts

92 93 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR GREAT STREETS AND SPACES (Y)OUR GREAT STREETS AND SPACES (Y)our great streets and spaces Central Station Entrances

Glasgow Central Station is the busiest station on the Scottish rail network. It is a key gateway into • Create a clean and tidy arrival to the station the city with nearly 29m passengers per annum. • Streamline and improve transport connections The station architecture and concourse is surrounding the station impressive, as are many of the buildings • Restrict vehicular access to Gordon St surrounding the station. However at the point of improving atmosphere around the station arrival the street environments give a chaotic and confusing first impression of the city centre. seamless interchange between bus and train (or Gordon Street is often full with service vehicles, visa versa) thereby avoiding the need to cross over taxis turning and buses. It creates a cluttered streets to get to / from the Station. streetscene which feels uninviting and unsafe. Service access / deliveries should be restricted to All Station entrances should be upgraded, with times outwith station opening hours. Consideration enhanced lighting. The Heilanman’s Umbrella should be given to complete pedestrianisation of should be upgraded as an inviting ‘station lobby’ Gordon Street (with taxis / buses providing drop off from Argyle Street. on Hope Street and Union Street). This would create a calmer, more appealing passenger Wayfinding signage, links to / from Queen Street experience at the main station entrance. Station and Buchanan Bus Station should be more apparent and intuitive. Revise traffic light In parallel with a review of the city grid reversing sequencing so pedestrians are prioritised. Modify the one way system so Union Street is northbound streetscape on surrounding streets to suppress and Hope Street southbound would ensure traffic speeds.

Clean fuel bus loop to Queen Street

Restrict vehicular access to Gordon Street. Consider pedestrianisation or Remove clutter and pedestrian / taxi / bus one way only. traffic conflicts

Active concourse

One way system is reversed One way system is reversed

Improve Station access from Argyle Street / Hielanman’s Umbrella

94 95 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR GREAT STREETS AND SPACES (Y)OUR GREAT STREETS AND SPACES

(Y)OU (Y)our great streets and spaces PRIORITYR

P R Bothwell Street: The CBD High Street O JECT

Bothwell Street naturally acts as a ‘High Street’ for the Central Business District. It also is one of the • Bothwell Street is the natural ‘high street’ for the main streets with highest footfall at peak rush Central Business District. hours with pedestrians accessing this part of the • it is not currently identified within the EIIPR city via the main rail stations. Avenues public realm investment plan Current situation This situation is being reinforced as new office • Bothwell Street is currently benefitting from development is completed and occupied on St significant private developer investment Vincent Street and Bothwell Street itself. increasing footfall Bothwell Street is also (currently) the gateway to central Glasgow when arriving from the airport / designed to naturally suppress traffic speeds and motorway via the M8 off ramp. create a high quality pedestrian environment. The quality of the streetscape environment The introduction of street trees and enhanced requires significant enhancement so it can fulfil this lighting (integrated to respect and showcase the role, creating a high quality first impression when built heritage) will improve the image and quality of arriving from the main stations or airport and to this important street at the heart of the CBD. provide a backdrop the city’s established and improving business and hotel districts. Location: Bothwell Street from M8 off ramp to Hope Street Proposed situation Traffic has a tendency to speed as it comes off the motorway off-ramp. Bothwell Street needs to be

By reducing the busy car traffic, make Bothwell Street a even more lively street

96 97 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR GREAT STREETS AND SPACES (Y)OUR GREAT STREETS AND SPACES (Y)our great streets and spaces Surface water management strategy Peak overflow Porous pavement for infiltration Green on streets to absorb water Green roofs retain water

The existing GCC Surface Water Management Strategy identifies the following steps in relation to • Increased intensity of rainfall demands climate Integrated Sustainable Urban Drainage systems: change adaptation / resilience to future-proof city • Some areas in the city centre have reached • Source control (retention and harvesting), maximum drainage capacity so innovative • Conveyance (retention and infiltration) solutions are needed • Storage (ponds and bunkers) • When done well, these systems can make public • Preparation for exceedance space and buildings more attractive • Property protection. Not all listed measures in the strategy may be suitable in Central. They may be complicated to enforce / integrate (building development), take up too much space (that cannot be used for e.g. playing) or might cause maintenance issues. Further study is advised. When done well the measures will add quality to the public space and buildings. Location: Central District.

Green roof to retain rainwater

Surface water drainage in streets

Green roof on new development

98 99 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR GREAT STREETS AND SPACES (Y)OUR GREAT STREETS AND SPACES (Y)our great streets and spaces Public art

Art in the public realm should not be just a pretty or provocative object. It should add functionality to a • Great art with a inspiring/functional/activating space as an object (comfort, playing, sporting, aspect is a valuable addition to public space informing, etc.) It should be exceptional (not • When treated lightly, there is a risk of art which mediocre). It should be contextual. It should be well looses appeal quickly and becomes a ‘stand in made, with an adequate budget, so it keeps its the way’ appeal (whether the artwork is temporary or permanent). During the selection process the artist/ designer should prove competence in the cross-over between public-space design and arts. A programme of temporary and / or permanent art should be curated by the Central District Artist-in- Residence.

Location: Central District.

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R E V I E W (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL SPATIAL OBSERVATIONS SPATIAL OBSERVATIONS Historic development

This historic map progression illustrates the growth The Central DRF area captures much that is architectural styles from every epoch, hewn in redevelopment the Central DRF area was largely of Glasgow. It shows how High Street, Saltmarket, synonymous with Glasgow city centre. The blond and red sandstone. Georgian townhouses unaffected, albeit unsympathetic road engineering Bridgegate, Argyle Street and Trongate were the planned urban grid is nowhere more apparent and on Blythswood Hill sit above exuberant buildings of has diminished the quality of the streetscape in first streets of Glasgow. It indicates the rapid extant. The architectural embellishment apparent commerce and culture from the Victorian and many locations. expansion of the Blythswood Hill grid across this in the urban architecture of the late 18th to early Edwardian eras to designs by pre-eminent part of the city centre, with setpiece urban squares 20th century architecture signifies the emergence architects including Thomson, Mackintosh, 20th and 21st century intervention in this urban and buildings. It shows the concentration of activity of a global city of immense commercial clout and Salmon, Burnett and Miller. Urban infrastructure, setting have been of varying quality. along the river when sea-going trade and travel cultural significance. The area contains some of principally the main rail stations and bridges over Megastructures such at Blythswood Court was booming. It demonstrates how major rail the greatest urban architecture in the UK, the Clyde, were executed with a similar degree of (previously the Anderston Centre) and the retail stations were introduced in to the city centre. It composed within an urban grid laid out over the ambition. malls have affected the continuity of urban street confirms the impact the M8 motorway and drumlins of Blythswood Hill and down to the River networks. More recent development has respected comprehensive redevelopment had on the edges Clyde and the Merchant City. Most of this splendid urban architecture is intact, the cityscape whilst creating noteworthy examples of the city centre and reveals the imposition of though regrettably some is under threat. Whilst of contemporary buildings including the BOAC major shopping malls on the contemporary The great civic architecture of the principal much of inner Glasgow was badly affected by building on Buchanan Street, the Italian Centre, the cityscape. squares; George Square, Blythswood Square and motorway construction and comprehensive area Lighthouse and the Radisson hotel on Argyle Royal Exchange Square is linked by a rich array of Street.

Planning of the urban grid

First extension towards the Clyde river

The 1547 city The 1778 city The 1866 city

Central station

The 1909 city The 1951 city The 2012 city

104 105 © Crown Copyright (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL SPATIAL OBSERVATIONS SPATIAL OBSERVATIONS Historic development

Panoramic view over Glasgow from the east end in 1693 Central Station in 1890s George Square in 1929

Lively and populated Sauchiehall Street

Glorious Buchanan St

Strong architectural legacy

St Vincent Church Buchanan Street Sauchiehall Street

106 107 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR GREAT BUILDINGS (Y)OUR GREAT BUILDINGS Current: mixed quality urban structure Analysis built environment

The Central district is rich with beautiful and spectacular historic buildings. There are some Buchanan Galleries cut off Historic urban fabric with high quality incredible examples from virtually every connections from bus terminal architectural epoch, and there are some excellent buildings requiring revitalisation. examples of building conservation and re-use. Unfortunately many of the city’s historic buildings are in a poor state of repair, notably at the southern and northern edges of the Central district. Many Glaswegians are immensely proud and appreciative of their built heritage, but also deeply concerned about its maintenance. Extra attention is needed to preserve Glasgow’s heritage. Unfortunately recent and new developments are not always of a quality that does justice to the Blythswood Court megastructure historic environment. Stronger vision to ensure Poorly integrated train station disrupts urban grid highest build quality is essential. More robust focus undergoing transformation. is needed. The Central district has a strong urban identity. There are some fantastic set-piece urban spaces and buildings. There are significant areas of the Central district with an established urban form, with gap sites concentrated in the northern and southern areas. There is considerable change around both major stations, and changing patterns Numerous heritage buildings at of use as offices relocate and retail grapples with risk requiring urgent attention new trends in shopping. Most blocks in the Central district are occupied but the building heights are not extremely high. There may be scope to top-up buildings to allow more people to live work and enjoy the city centre, and Opportunities for high quality to creatively retrofit under-occupied buildings to contemporary design to infill foster a mixed-use city centre. Scotland’s largest Grade A and retrofit city centre The larger building complexes like the train stations listed building and shopping centres have poor permeability. Through connections need to be improved from which both the city and the buildings’ operators will benefit.

St Enoch Shopping Centre blocks connections to the river

108 109 © Crown Copyright (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR GREAT BUILDINGS (Y)OUR GREAT BUILDINGS Current: Mix of high and low quality buildings Analysis built environment

Newer mixed-use developments - Buchanan Street Big shopping mall forms a barrier between train and bus stations - Buchanan Galleries

Historic building in poor condition - Argyle Street Large number of listed historic buildings - GOMA

110 111 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR GREAT BUILDINGS (Y)OUR GREAT BUILDINGS

(Y)our great buildings Imaginatively and Overview building projects positively respond to GSA Enliven street frontages fire

-- Potential building add-on and infill for higher density city centre: more people living, working Open up Blythswood New connections and enjoying the city centre. Square Preserved buildings at risk established -- Heritage buildings should be highlighted and integrated with any new development. -- Upgraded building street fronts on key streets and squares, including Argyle Street, Golden Z, George Square, and Blythswood Square. -- Use building guidelines to increase quality of existing and new buildings and strengthen character of neighbourhoods -- Break through disruptive structures, repair Upgraded George Square urban fabric. Retrofit and ‘top-up’ buildings where appropriate

Reconstructed street edges

Integrated historic buildings

Restored riverfront

Developed empty plots

112 113 © Crown Copyright (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR GREAT BUILDINGS (Y)OUR GREAT BUILDINGS (Y)our great buildings Bigger context: repaired urban fabric

For the success of the city centre it is crucial that As noted elsewhere there is a recognition that one more people live, work and visit. This can be done of the city centre’s greatest assets is its built • Glasgow is one of Europe’s great historic cities, by occupying the last remaining empty sites, heritage and conserving, adapting and re-using with an immense architectural heritage. re-using existing empty or under-used buildings historic buildings to ensure they endure is critical. • More people living and working in the city centre and by topping-up existing buildings. The When seeking to intensify the city centre’s uses makes the city more attractive and economically intensification requires high quality and the right competitive mix of uses. and activity it will be essential to explore innovative ways to enable mixed uses vertically and • Well defined, active public spaces framed by Central District has few empty sites. Some sites horizontally. This may require assessing quality buildings will create a more convivial city are still available around St Enoch Shopping modifications in policy (planning, environmental, which is welcoming, safer and easier to navigate Centre and Buchanan Street Station (slightly building) to sensibly enable more mixed use around outwith the DRF area). Many of those are already development. under development. It is crucial that the Council • Repairing and revitalising the city centre with ensures the quality of new developments through Intensification of uses in the city centre should care and a commitment to high quality new design guidelines. cluster at key nodes (eg. public transport). This buildings and reactivated historic buildings will should include the Buchanan Bus Station which be widely supported New developments should support and repair the could be integrated into a new high density surrounding context, rather than contrasting. New development that forms the gateway to the North. buildings should reconstruct the street profile and respect the adjacent (historic) buildings. New Location: Central District developments should seek to incorporate the most lively/attractive functions and the best architecture.

Reconnected Buchanan Galleries

Higher density Central

Repair Argyle St

Reconnected St. Enoch

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(Y)OU (Y)our great buildings PRIORITYR

P R Building add-ons and infills O JECT Roof extensions?

A guiding principle in the Central DRFs is to get more people to live, work and enjoy the city centre. New • High density in city centres is more sustainable: developments need to have a higher density. less car use, more footfall, lively/safe streets, energy efficient buildings How can this be done, while at the same time providing light and sunny streets? Where there are • When carefully done it will be pleasant and gap sites (mostly outwith the Central DRF area) human scale. building guidelines are required to define building • It can be done with respect for the city’s heritage heights, skyline, relationship to the street and shaping urban form to create positive microclimates. it is not visible (and light/sun is guaranteed). But how best to do when there are so few gap sites -- OR anything higher than the average building left in the Central DRF area? And while the centre is height of the area needs to be slender (width to historically protected with an extensive Conservation height ratio is minimum 1:3) and have Area? It is proposed that ‘topping-up’ existing exceptional quality (similar to historic church buildings needs to be stimulated. spires and civic landmarks). A stepped strategy is proposed to safeguard quality: Building Guidelines are needed to specify exactly the quantity, quality and attributes of new developments -- Within the Conservation Area it is possible to and those proposing ‘topping-up’. Buildings just build new to the same average height as the outside the Conservation Area boundary need to be surrounding buildings. designed with strong consideration of these rules as -- Anything higher than the average building height well. of the area needs to step back from the street so Location: Glasgow city centre All roofs extended one floor up add 2 175 000 m2 / 23 400 000 ft2

Roof add-ons ?

Same amount of square meters added in units that contain one dwelling each makes it additional 21 750 units, which will bring over 45 000 new inhabitants.

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(Y)OU (Y)our great buildings PRIORITYR

P R Historic Central and Buildings at Risk O JECT

The goal is to keep as many historically significant buildings as possible and restore the ones that are • Investing in conservation and reuse of heritage Within Central DRF area the current Buildings at • 243-245, St Vincent Street, City Centre in a poor condition. Glaswegians (and visitors) buildings is worthwhile as it increases character/ Risk register includes; value of the surroundings • 158, Argyle Street, City Centre value the built heritage and recognise its • Egyptian Halls, 84-100, Union Street, City importance to the urban identity of the city centre. • It also forces developers and architects to go Centre • 217-221, Argyle Street, City Centre beyond standard (often soul-less) practice to Special attention should be paid to buildings that • Lion Chambers, 172, Hope Street, City Centre • 60, James Watt Street, Anderston have been designated as at extra risk and which integrate old and new in an authentic and may be lost forever if not maintained soon. There meaningful way. • Castle Chambers, 51-57, West Regent Street, • 321-333, Argyle Street, City Centre are some high profile, architecturally significant City Centre • 335-345, Argyle Street, City Centre ‘buildings at risk’ within Central DRF area that Towards the edges of the Central DRF area there many are passionate about (eg. ‘Greek’ are some historic buildings that have been under • Odeon Cinema (Former), Renfield Street, City • 71-75, Robertson Street, City Centre Thomson’s Egyptian Halls, or James Salmon Jrs’s maintained for many years. Nevertheless they still Centre Lion Chambers) that must be prioritised to find a have an enduring great value and when improved • 43, Oswald Street, City Centre will become the regenerated area’s future • Custom House, 298, Clyde Street, City Centre sustainable long term use that respects these • 11, Oswald Street, City Centre important buildings. highlights. • McCorquodales Printers (Former), 90, Maxwell Street, City Centre • 50, Argyle Street, Merchant City There are numerous other examples of less high Repairing individual buildings in tandem with profile, yet important buildings suffering from restoring lost urban form will restore the setting of • 168-170, Hope Street, City Centre vacancy, under-occupation and lack of many of these buildings. Solitary historic buildings maintenance. Enforcement or enabling work is that were originally part of an urban block should • 123-27, Douglas Street, City Centre again become part of a repaired cityscape. required to attend to these in a prioritised manner. • 214, Bath Street, City Centre The Transforming (Y)our Central chapter reviews Glasgow’s future should benefit from the rich this issue in further detail. architectural legacy of its past. • 297-305, Sauchiehall Street, City Centre

Maximum priority to be given to the buildings at risk

Nelson Mandela Place Integrating listed buildings

Glasgow City Chambers Lion Chambers McCorquodales Printers (Former) Maximum priority to be given to the buildings at risk George Square

Central Station

Retain important historic facades

Integrating listed buildings

118 St. Andrew’s Church 119 Egyptian Halls Castle Chambers (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR GREAT BUILDINGS (Y)OUR GREAT BUILDINGS (Y)our great buildings Lively streetfronts Setbacks and cuts Canopies or galleries protect Strong visual Attractive Green Space for all users bring light to the street against rain and wind connection in-outside materials

-- The ground floor (plinth) is where the building interacts with the street. To make Glasgow’s • Perhaps the most important (and currently city centre streets more attractive and safe, a underestimated) element of a successful city strong focus on beautiful, active and centre accessible building plinths is needed. • Maximum effort needed. Without good plinths -- It is advised to actively engage with and there is NO good city stimulate owners and users of existing ground floor spaces to revamp streetfronts. ground-floor use. Including housing. See: -- The diagram below sets the priority for the “Design guidelines needed” upgrade of building plinths (more lively, more attractive) to primary and secondary streets. In Location: Central District. this way, the river front, Argyle Street and the Golden Z stand out as primary areas. Except for Buchanan Street the plinths in these streets are currently not up to the quality level that suits a big shopping destination like Glasgow. -- Ambitious Building Design Guidelines may help describe the standards for each type of

Lively streetfronts Sauchiehall Street

Lively streetfronts George Square

Lively streetfronts Argyle Street

Lively streetfronts River side

120 121 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR GREAT BUILDINGS (Y)OUR GREAT BUILDINGS (Y)our great buildings Design guidelines needed

The city centre needs ambitious area-specific design guidelines for buildings, developing from • Stronger guidance from the council is needed Lively plinth 2 layers Buchanan Street Renovated facades Lively plinths Roof add-on Improve facade Canopy the Placemaking Principle guidance in the City on building and street design quality. rain cover 1/2 layers facing street Development Plan. This will lead to buildings with • Lack of guidance can lead to poor quality higher quality and stronger urban character. All buildings / spaces parties should be clear on the desired character of new developments. create a strong relation between inside and outside (e.g. with balconies or loggias). It is advised to make guidelines for all areas within • The architecture offers experience at all the Central DRF, dovetailing with a Broomielaw scales: the skyline, the streetscape, the Outline Masterplan and a similar ambition for St. elevation and the façade detail. Enoch. • Visibility of unattractive functions (parking, utilities, ..) is kept to a minimum and (when A first inventory of topics that should be part of visible) is carefully designed. such guidelines could include; • Buildings are flexible for different uses and • Buildings that ‘make’ streets and squares. transformation over time. Ground floors have • Building form to ensure light and positive high story heights, allowing them to absorb microclimate at street level. different functions. • Buildings that are human scaled, • Alternatives to the above principles are heterogeneous in architecture/shape. possible as long as it leads to comparable or • The ground floor is the most important element better quality. Buchanan St West George St of the building. This is where lively and attractive functions are located. Location: Central District. • On upper floors maximum effort is made to

Guideline for building frontages on key streets

Guideline for historic quarter

Guideline for Urbanising the M8 corridor

Guideline for Broomielaw Quarter

Guideline for St. Enoch quarter

122 123 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR GREAT BUILDINGS (Y)OUR GREAT BUILDINGS (Y)our great buildings Open up Buchanan Galleries

The current experience of entering the city centre from Buchanan Bus Station and Queen Street Rail • Dramatically improved experience for visitors Station could be further improved. entering the city by bus and train. With the proposed redevelopment of Queen Street • Increased footfall will benefit Buchanan Galleries, Station and the proposals for the extension of passengers and bus/rail operators Buchanan Galleries there is scope to dramatically • Encourage more people to travel by modes other improve connections between the bus terminal, than the car the train terminal and Buchanan Street. More direct, comfortable and preferably 24/7 connections are needed to make the entrance from these stations into the city centre more Location: Buchanan Bus Station, Buchanan attractive, and the interchange between bus and Galleries, Queen Street Train Station train more effective and attractive. It may be a complex task but increased footfall will benefit all parties: Pedestrians will have more direct, rain covered attractive connections. Public transport will attract more travellers. Buchanan Galleries (and nearby routes) will have more footfall.

New entrance into Buchanan Galleries through John Lewis

Retain and improve entrance steps to Royal Concert Hall

Opened up entrance next to the public square

Continuous link from Buchanan Bus Station to Queen Street

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R E V I E W (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR VIBRANT CENTRAL (Y)OUR VIBRANT CENTRAL Current: Neighbourhood identity Analysis program and neighbourhood character Sauchiehall Street Struggling retail street with lively nightlife area Buchanan Street Blythswood Main shopping street with lively and Historical buildings with good quality public spaces mainly office usages; quiet streets Queen Street University Anderston Station Isolated yet lively area Isolated and quiet Busy train station area dominated by students neighbourhood severed by M8 Centre Business area with some mixed George Square uses. The only formal public square Blythswood Court in Glasgow Poorly integrated 70s Royal Exchange Square megastructure with lots of Set-piece urban setting with a vacant spaces strong character Central Station Major rail station with variety of retail and leisure uses clustered around Merchant City Vibrant, mixed-use Broomielaw neighbourhood with potential to be further improved Monofunctional business district lacking vitality The Central DRF area is characterised by a tight urban grid and consists of numerous distinctive St. Enoch neighbourhoods and character areas. Some of Disjointed area dominated by shopping mall. these are historically significant (the Merchant City and the Blythwsood grid). Others have arisen following the imposition of key transport infrastructure or major megastructures built in different eras. River Clyde Cities are in constant change - and these urban Low quality, under-used public space character areas are in various stages of maturity and transition. The Briggait Historic buildings repurposed for arts / 128 129 © Crown Copyright culture (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR VIBRANT CENTRAL (Y)OUR VIBRANT CENTRAL Current: Neighbourhood identity Analysis program and neighbourhood character

Glasgow Central Station West George Street

George Square Buchanan Street

130 131 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR VIBRANT CENTRAL (Y)OUR VIBRANT CENTRAL Current: Provision amenities around Central

-- Currently there are too few local / neighbourhood amenities in the city centre. This is one of the reasons why people don’t want to live there. -- Increased community infrastructure should accompany increased city centre residential development and higher density of working populations. -- There is a lack of visitor and cultural attractions in the fringes of the city centre. Especially to the south. It is important to locate attractions to draw visitors to those areas and support regeneration. -- Analysis of the location of attractions / destinations should inform the alignment of key routes across the city centre.

Too few local/neighbourhood amenities in the city centre

Lack of attractions in the fringes of the city centre

132 133 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR VIBRANT CENTRAL (Y)OUR VIBRANT CENTRAL (Y)our vibrant Central Bigger context: mixed and vibrant city centre

• More attractive neighbourhoods Townhead: Calm living neighbourhood Sauchiehall Street: small scale shopping street with sport facilities and convenient • Better guidance for future developments with local shops and small cafes, diverse nightlife public amenities

With the re-population of the city centre, more local University: ‘Student hub’ amenities and more visitor attractions, the Blythswood: ‘Connecting lively integrated area great character/profile of each neighbourhood will be neighbourhood’ mixed usage, for studying and living much stronger and more attractive and will Finnieston: vibrant emerging city many nice restaurants district, night-life destination therefore be more attractive to investors. Anderston: ‘Re-united neighbourhood’ Being clear about what you want with each better connections revive local economy neighbourhood helps the Council to sharpen the Central: Central area with policy and avoid ad hoc decisions. nicely mixed and lively urban spaces George Square: High quality formal public square Location: City centre and surroundings. Blythswood Court: ‘Art Court’ a playground for arts Merchant City: Popular nightlife and entertainment area

Buchanan: ‘Golden I’ street with superior shopping and Amenities in the centre’s fringes Lancefield Quay: ‘The new eating amenities West’ living and SEC related functions Broomielaw: ‘IFSD rebooted’, iconic riverfront, biggest city park along the water

High St: historic street, lively and activated plinth, cultural activities

St. Enoch: ‘Surprising Glasgow’, culture, events, creative industry

Springfield Quay: ‘Playquay’ Riverview: ‘City Centre postcard city centre fun park, better view’, high-end living area St. Andrews in the Square: ‘Secret connected, higher quality Square’, semi-private quiet areas River Clyde: ‘Floating city’ with cafes, restaurants the biggest and best city park of Glasgow There should be more local amenities in the city centre in order to re-populate it. And at the same time new public amenities surrounding the city Tradeston: ‘City Centre South’: centre should be introduced to activate the reconstructed, pedestrian and bike friendly neighbourhoods. Glasgow Green: Major city park, main festival space, getaway from urban environment Laurieston: reconstructed city quarter, new housing and updated community infrastructure

Gorbals: quiet residential area, local shops and amenities

134 135 © Crown Copyright (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR VIBRANT CENTRAL (Y)OUR VIBRANT CENTRAL Updated Sauchiehall Street (Y)our vibrant Central Filling empty spaces and improving the quality of certain buildings especially on ground floor level is part of the strategy to make the Sauchiehall Street lively and inviting space. Strong neighbourhood identities Improving quality of nightlife in the area by providing diverse range of bars and clubs. Cool Blythswood Making Blythswood a transforming area of contrasts (Georgian city grid to high quality contemporary architecture). Blythswood Hill can revert to a mixed use neighbourhood with city centre living, employment, leisure, culture, entertainment (Kings and Mitchell) and leisure. Dynamic Buchanan Street Buchanan Street is one of UK’s major shopping destinations, yet its public space and quality of ground level street activities can be even better. Improving pedestrian connection between Buchanan Bus Station, Queen Street Station and Central Station.

Renewed George Square The biggest public square in Glasgow is currently used for all possible purposes which makes it hard to identify it as the major formal square of the city. By reducing the traffic around the perimeter and cleaning the space up the character of the square will become strong and recognisable.

Welcoming Centre Re-modelling the transport system to make the street circulation efficient and safe for all users. Preserving great historical buildings and filling out empty spaces. Repaired Broomielaw Repairing the urban fabric, achieving the decent level of density Lively Merchant City by providing diverse range of housing and offices, establishing The Merchant City is already a vibrant neighbourhood in the heart of the safe and welcoming atmosphere by designing great public space. city centre. Yet there remain improvements needed to make Merchant City an even better day/night destination for Glasgow. Regeneration of neighbouring areas will help this process.

Activated River Park The biggest new park in Glasgow from Glasgow Green downstream. Play, live and work on the river. Re-discovered St. Enoch Redeveloping the footprint of the buildings & King St carpark, providing throughfares that connect Argyle Street to the Riverfront, and a strong connection from West to East through the currently disused King St car park, which will be filled in with a vibrant mix of uses.

136 137 © Crown Copyright (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR VIBRANT CENTRAL (Y)OUR VIBRANT CENTRAL (Y)our vibrant Central Mixed and repopulated Central

One of the most important goals for the City Centre urban amenities Strategy is to increase the number of people living, • Increased number of people living in the City working and visiting. This increase ensures -- Attract more visitors by taking better Centre, benefits economy and makes city more neighbourhoods become more lively (including advantage of existing highlights (e.g. quality of lively outside work-hours), leading to more viable functions / variety of mix-use, spatial revamping, ensuring that better locations are • Great shopping experience combined with amenities and a more sustainable, walkable and leisure activities and good quality food to create safer city. accessible and visible) and by adding new remarkable, typically Glaswegian places and memorable and attractive city centre -- Priority should go to building more housing, so activities. more inhabitants are attracted. Integrating local amenities like schools, health and social For Central this means: daycare and play / recreation facilities that -- Diversified building use above ground level, attract and sustain communities of new adapting a reusing vacant upper floors residents is crucial. -- More public amenities introduced -- Take advantage of the various empty sites. imaginatively within the historic, built up city -- Re-purpose empty buildings, consider centre redeveloping or topping-up of existing low -- Buchanan Street specialising on brand retail / density buildings. multiples whilst Sauchiehall Street and Argyle -- More mixing of functions on neighbourhood Streets host local independent shops, grocery and district level is needed; as in future, more stores and small cafes / bars. diverse, businesses and inhabitants will Location: Central District demand lively surroundings with a mix of

Current situation Proposed situation

Variety of different kinds of Successful shopping area shops from local to big brands

Sauchiehall Street Sauchiehall Street

Blythswood Square Blythswood Square

Queen Street Station Queen Street Station

More housing to Most spaces are offices repopulate Central George Square George Square

Buchanan Street Buchanan Street Introduce different business Central Station Central Station types to Central Central is rich with More cafes and restaurants leisure activities on ground level

More housing in the Argyle Street Merchant City Argyle Street

public amenities public amenities residential residential shops Very little public shops hotel, leisure amenities in Central hotel, leisure More public amenities office office warehouse etc warehouse etc in Central vacant or underused areas 138 139 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR VIBRANT CENTRAL (Y)OUR VIBRANT CENTRAL (Y)our vibrant Central Re-populated Central

One of the most important goals is to increase the number of people living in Central. Whilst there are • Glasgow city centre is under-populated limited gap sites for residential development there • It needs more permanent residents to create a is significant existing building stock which is vacant ‘baseload’ of daily activity and street life or under-occupied, especially upper floors or adapting former Georgian townhouses being • More residents will enliven the district and create vacated by offices. safer streets that are overlooked and have increased footfall Repopulating Central will result in a more lively City Centre, more people walking (less cars) and it will • Create a more dynamic and lively city centre, increase viability of more urban amenities (shops, which has a smoother transition from daytime to leisure, sports, culture). night-time economy Central district could offer a wide mix of houses: • Diversify current office and retail-oriented for students, starters, families, elderly. For all neighbourhood budgets, tenures, cultures, longs/short stay. This means flats, townhouses, live-work units.... To attract new inhabitants, good community infrastructure is required: schools, day-care, sports, play, health, social places as well as more attractive public spaces: green, safe, less car-dominated. Location: Central District

Mix of house types in Central is Vacant spaces reproposed needed

Adapt and extend / top-up existing buildings

140 141 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR VIBRANT CENTRAL (Y)OUR VIBRANT CENTRAL (Y)our vibrant Central Repurpose vacant spaces

A relatively simple and quick way to increase the number of people living and working in Central • Dense urban environment in Central will become district is to re-purpose existing vacant or more diverse and less rigid under-occupied buildings. This is crucial to • The potential of existing empty spaces will be enhance the liveliness and positive perception of realised and will enrich an already vibrant the area (especially Sauchiehall Street). neighbourhood As a minimum the city should make the process as easy as possible: Minimise legal and technical restrictions. Look for the Merchant City (eg. King Street) and seek to solutions instead of issues. backfill vacant ground floor units with a rich mix of activity; entrepreneurial, cultural and Positive legal and financial incentives (more than community-led, rather than expect and demand the empty building tax). only retail. Actively engage with owners. Location: Central District A ‘one stop shop’ at the council that facilitates all aspects of the process. Learn lessons from what has worked elsewhere in

142 143 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR VIBRANT CENTRAL (Y)OUR VIBRANT CENTRAL (Y)our vibrant Central High Quality shopping experience in Central

Mainstream retail is facing severe challenges in the networks can help explore ways to occupy vacant era of Internet shopping and ‘click and collect’. ex-retail space with independent shops, cafes / • Shopping in Central in combination with the City Centre retail has to provide a quality, bars, social enterprises, culture or community River Park, quality leisure and cultural attractions memorable experience. By implementing the activity. and destinations such as the Merchant City improvements outlined in this DRF Glasgow can create a rich and dynamic mix that will attract maximise its assets to provide a high quality retail / The transformation of streets in distress as they visitors and benefit Glaswegians. leisure experience. move away from being a conventional mainstream shopping street into a diverse and vibrant area Glasgow’s established ‘Golden Z’ of shopping with mixed leisure and shopping activities will extending along Sauchiehall Street / Buchanan provide an unforgettable experience to Street /Argyle Street is retreating. Whilst Buchanan Glaswegians and tourists. Street continues to sustain a high performing destination other streets are suffering decline, Complementing the shopping area with a range of exacerbated by unique circumstances (eg. GSA bars, event venues and restaurants is a perfect fire). environment for relaxation and leisure activities. Adding these will result in lively good quality public In parallel with efforts to continually support spaces. high-end brand retail it is crucial to diversify those locations where conventional retail is failing to be Establishing such atmosphere in Central is a major sustained (eg. parts of Sauchiehall Street and project for Glasgow to become an even more Argyle Street). inviting place and compete with other major European cities in its offer of retail / leisure and An imaginative application of policy, use of fiscal culture. incentives / grants and business community Location: Central District

Key shopping centre

Diverse mix of local / independent shops / Activated public spaces creative / culture uses on Sauchiehall Street

Flagship shops

Local character shops on both ends of Argyle Street

144 145 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR VIBRANT CENTRAL (Y)OUR VIBRANT CENTRAL (Y)our vibrant Central Working in Central

A large portion of the 135,000 people working in -- More Grade A office space is required to Glasgow city centre work in this District. This part continue to attract blue-chip businesses • Create balance and lively neighbourhood by of Glasgow drives the city regional economy. The introducing mixture of usages city centre, and Central DRF, must continue to -- There is a need to continue to provide a provide jobs and opportunities for Glaswegians diversity of workspace environments to enable from all backgrounds to foster inclusive growth. businesses to grow in place. Provision of a ladder of accommodation enabling micro- To continue to attract and retain thriving businesses to start-up, scale-up and develop retail and green space amenities. Moreover businesses (and the talent they need to prosper) is vital. the possibility of being able to walk or cycle to the quality of the city as a place to work, live and work is sought after and blending city centre get around is crucial. -- Ensuring high speed, reliable digital living with work environments can help create connectivity and infrastructure is critical for a walkable city. Businesses, investors and workers are increasingly businesses in all sectors. mobile and have high expectations of cities within -- Upgrading public realm and maintenance of which to locate. Evidence, backed up by consultee -- Adding more mixed-uses into the office areas streets throughout the Central district will feedback, indicates that a convivial city centre will diversity public spaces and streets, improve the image of the area, attracting supporting a good quality of life, positive city transforming them from being largely empty business and investment apart from during rush hours in mornings and image with a well maintained, attractive and safe Location: Central District environment is very important. evenings, into a balanced lively neighbourhood with active streets through the Most buildings in Central are used for office space day and evening. which makes it one of the major locations for employment in Scotland. -- Employees and employers increasingly appreciate close proximity to leisure, sport,

Adapt existing buildings for live/work, business incubators, micro-business / start-ups Foster a diverse mix of businesses in Central

Create a ladder of opportunity for business to thrive in Glasgow

Provide new highest quality Grade A office space to attract blue-chip businesses

146 147 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR VIBRANT CENTRAL (Y)OUR VIBRANT CENTRAL (Y)our vibrant Central Nightlife in Central

Central has a very diverse nightlife offer which active nightlife so it is important to provide caters for people with a wide range of interests access to all necessary facilities throughout • Glasgow’s night-life is a vital facet of its quality from across the city region. Safety, security and day and night. of life and attractiveness for Glaswegians and transport are essential to ensure the experience is visitors • Trial regular extension of retail opening hours positive for those enjoying Central district’s bars, • Carefully integrate and manage dynamic restaurants, night-clubs and venues as well as and events programme to ensure a smoother transition from day to night-time economy night-life offer with desire for more city centre those working and living in the area. living Continual improvement to transport options to • Promote better mix of night-time economy in western area of Central DRF (the Central • Diverse range of night activities to attract people ensure comfortable, safe transport home for those from all backgrounds and tastes not staying in the area (building upon the NiteZone Business District) to maintain street footfall concept) activity in to evening • Careful licensing and servicing / refuse • Promote lanes activation in line with the Lanes arrangements to ensure city centre living is Strategy • There is a strong demand for late night attractive shopping facilities and restaurants, bars and • Reactivate The Arches as part of Glasgow’s clubs. Nightlife scene could be enriched by • Proactive street maintenance and quality night-life offer and actively support / sustain introducing night cinema or opening up a street-lighting to ensure clean, safe streets and promote quality and diversity of offer rooftop for parties. across the district • Central district and adjacent areas host many Location: Central District students and young professionals who lead an

148 149 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR VIBRANT CENTRAL (Y)OUR VIBRANT CENTRAL (Y)our vibrant Central Culture in Central

Central district has numerous cultural jewels; the • In parallel with curating public art strategies for Royal Concert Hall, GoMA, the Lighthouse. The each district (see (Y)our Great Streets and • Developing cultural programmes that build on city, and Central district, has a great track record in Spaces chapter) a District ‘artist-in-residence’ Glasgow’s international reputation as a creative hosting events (street art, music festivals, sporting should be appointed to infuse revitalisation of city. events, light festivals) and there is a demand from the district with a cultural dimension, applying • Celebrate all art forms, including architecture, locals and cultural tourists for more. Creativity is lesson learned from Stalled Spaces and other working at all scales with temporary, seasonal synonymous with Glasgow. relevant cultural programmes. and permanent cultural interventions. • As one of the most historic districts Central • Ensure culture is inclusive and accessible to • Celebrate Glasgow’s architectural culture by has a range of interesting built and social all, whilst striving for artistic excellence. preserving and showcasing great buildings, history that need to be preserved, revealed Promote community-led cultural projects. especially those at risk. and appreciated. A great example of an existing cultural spot is The Lighthouse, which • Use cultural projects to demonstrate ways to should be taken as an example for further enhance the city; prototype new ways to use cultural development of Central. spaces and benefit from collective memory • Manage cultural programme to ensure it is There should be more public amenities and visitor attractions and creativity of the city. compatible with mixed use city (eg. enforce beyond the cluster of activities on / near the ‘Golden Z’ (eg. • It is crucial to provide cultural activities of noise management guidance adjacent to along the River Park). different scales, from big museums and • Encourage cultural activity to animate venues / busking) whilst ensuring established concert halls to small pop-up spaces, venues, under-used or forgotten parts of the city venues can be sustained galleries or temporary structures specialising (Lanes, vacant upper floors etc.) for the in different forms of art. creation and presentation of art /performance. Location: Central District

150 151 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR VIBRANT CENTRAL (Y)OUR VIBRANT CENTRAL (Y)our vibrant Central Community infrastructure

Embedding all the necessary community infrastructure in Central is crucial for making • Provision of local amenities will attract more Glasgow city centre a successful place for people to live in Central which will result in a residents, Glaswegians and tourists. lively city Local residents need to have good access to local • Increase in tourism will contribute to local services, particularly if city centre living is to be economy age-friendly. Education, health and social care provision for local population should be woven Central district should represent Glasgow as the intelligently in to the city fabric. There may be most diverse and lively district suitable for scope to create shared facilities in the periphery of everyone, offering all the necessary community the city centre that benefit neighbourhoods and cultural infrastructure and amenities. A place clustered around the city centre. The community were all Glaswegians feel a sense of ownership infrastructure in the city centre can also benefit and a purpose to be in the city. Glaswegians from across the city region. Location: Central District As Central has a highly developed tourist offer, continuing to provide amenities that ensure a welcoming, positive visit to the city are very There should be more local amenities in the city centre in order to important. re-populate it.

Disabled friendly public spaces

Daycare facilities Provision for schools / early years

(Y)our Playful City Centre Inclusive city centre

health and social care facilities

Improved accessibility to public institutions

Children friendly and safe Central

24h accessible local shops 152 153 06 TRANSFORMING (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL TRANSFORMING (Y)OUR CENTRAL TRANSFORMING (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)our Sustainable, Resilient Central

Central, unlike other city centre districts, has few gap sites and therefore integrating climate change • Glasgow has developed progressive strategies adaptations or low carbon technology is relient on for future-proofing the city (eg. Surface Water retro-fitting. Management, Resilient Cities, Climate Ready Clyde etc.). These need to be properly Nevertheless development and regeneration in the integrated into detailed masterplans for priority Central district should pilot new ways to integrate areas across the city centre. sustainable urban solutions (Low carbon, climate change adaptive etc.) that can be applied across • Consider scope to integrate ground and water all DRFs. source heat pumps (using the Clyde) Upgrade of streetscape / public realm (eg EIIPR • Address challenges of surface water ‘Avenues’ and more) should be infused with management integration and greening the city sustainable urban drainage and passive and active (anticipating City Deal EIIPR Avenues and Quays technologies to ensure the city centre is capable investment) of supporting non-polluting active travel, dramatic changes in climate (eg. flash flooding / increased rainfall, urban heat island effects etc.) New and refurbished buildings should pioneer appropriate building technologies to support low carbon city approach, and investigate district heating / power systems where applicable.

156 157 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL TRANSFORMING (Y)OUR CENTRAL TRANSFORMING (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)our smart Central

(Y)OUR SMART GRID IN CENTRAL The facility has the capability to provide a coordinated, real-time, intelligence-led, response In the case of Central there is an emerging theme to incidents large and small across the city, placing present in several key objectives and priority Glasgow at the leading edge of smart city projects identified by the team. Safety is an management. http://futurecity.glasgow.gov.uk/ important topic when it comes to creating a (Y)our ops-data vibrant city centre by developing more mixed-use, vibrant and repopulated spaces, boosting nightlife and hospitality, transforming underpasses into safe (Y)OUR SMART RIVER PARK and attractive improved public spaces and thus updating mobility and improving accessibility. Transforming the Clyde into Glasgow’s biggest city park and The (Y)our River Park project has been Smart city security solutions offer a great identified as a number one key objective for (Y)our opportunity for making our cities safer. The world’s Central and is a prime project to implement smart cities increasingly find that most legacy CCTV city solutions. systems and traditional video surveillance technology is inefficient. Police investigations are The proposals for new and upgraded public often hindered by blind spots in video networks spaces and street furniture for the (Y)our River Park and low-quality imagery. Problems with data & (Y)our Great Streets and Spaces should install storage, retrieval and sharing often result in smart street furniture. This should include wireless delayed response and decision making. Smart street furniture, proximity aware accessible security solutions include but are not limited to: Mesa Musical Shadows Glasgow Intelligent Operations Centre technologies and solar and wind-powered benches which re-charge devices and digital • Improved surveillance and detection systems; interactive signs for advertising and local they send data. The increasing widespread use of patrolling the streets. (http://www.thedrive.com/ information. This would enable Glaswegians and • Advanced event search, data and pattern visitors to play and work outdoors in the new analysis; wireless technologies in smart cities allowed the tech/11930/dubai-police-to-add-self-driving-drone- spreading of wireless mesh networks. deploying-robotic-patrol-cars) vibrant city centre. • Computer Aided Dispatch (CAD); Bristol is currently developing its active, wireless Paris is following the above described best Smart street furniture and smart waste solutions • IoT devices, besides CCTV cameras, such as mesh network to contribute to the development of practice by integrating access to surveillance could also contribute to the monitoring and noise sensors, intelligent lighting etc.; a smart city and the ‘Internet of Things’. The videos from cameras located in streets, tourist maintenance of the (Y)our River Park. Deploying network will be technology agnostic, built on open attractions and transportation services, making smart technologies for street cleansing services • Easier access to digital data to aid first network principles, using software defined network these images available to all participants in the can result in more efficient operations, ensuring responders in querying, accessing and technologies, that enable network function security network. New York City, as well, has best deployment of resources as well as identifying evaluating a situation on-site; virtualisation. (https://www.bristolisopen.com/ established a system that provides integrated issues, and monitoring litter through sensors in overview/) access to surveillance videos (including from bins. CCTV cameras, air quality sensors, smart IoT • Integrated system visible by the various public technology for flood and water level and quality entities; private cameras) and sensor data, along with Another key solution is privately supplied LTE real-time threat alerts. (https://www.bcg.com/ monitoring, noise sensors are just a few of the • Police officers wearing belts with sensors that (eLTE) technology, a private version of the 4G publications/2017/defense-justice-border-digital- various IoT devices the could be installed in the identify dangerous gases, substances and (LTE) networks available to consumers. This transformation-technology-collaboration-smart- street furniture in the (Y)our River Park and would temperatures and emergency button plus solution ties together public surveillance networks safe-cities.aspx). A solution similar to the one contribute to enhancing visitor experience. accelerometer to detect if the officer has been with other public and private security systems, above was adopted in Shanghai, where as a result such as various sensors installed on intelligent Another theme that would be key in creating more knocked off their feet. (Santander, Spain) crime rates dropped by 30%, and police arrive at vibrant and playful spaces within the River Park are lampposts, as well as vehicle mounted and the scene in just three minutes on average. (http:// The future of IoT devices and smart city portable eLTE solutions, to keep a watch over the playable city projects that build upon IoT and other eblog.huawei.com/safe-cities-using-smart-tech-for- innovative digital technologies. Permanent technologies lies in mesh networks that aid more city. public-security) resilient machine-to-machine or device-to-device interactive installations such as the Mesa Musical communication. Mesh networks allow devices to With smart devices connected to a private Glasgow is a pioneer in this area with the Shadows interactive pavement in Arizona, act as nodes where each node is capable of broadband network, first responders to incidents deployment an integrated smart security system Shadowing that gives memory to city street lights, relaying data for the network. Wireless mesh can pick up a live feed of a disturbance in front of which was put in place with the development of the enabling them to record and play back the networks may consist of either fixed or mobile a night-club from CCTV, for example, before they Glasgow Operation Centre. Glasgow Operations shadows of those who pass underneath or an devices. The solutions are diverse to fit the various even arrive at the scene, or of criminals in flight Centre is a state-of-the-art integrated traffic and installation in Taipei that changes colour in communication needs, for example in emergency from cameras fixed to patrol cars or UAVs public safety management system, created with response to air quality rely on smart city situations, tunnels, high-speed mobile-video (unmanned aerial vehicle) in the vicinity. UAVs are the aid of the Innovate UK funding. The new centre technologies as well. Interactive, playable projects applications, emergency situation surveillance and increasingly deployed and used for agricultural, brings together public space CCTV, security for the like this could be installed in the park once the on board public transport for real-time vehicle environmental protection, public safety and traffic city council’s museums and art galleries, traffic enabling smart technologies are in place. telemetry. Mesh networks are extremely resilient, in flow control purposes. Dubai is currently exploring management and police intelligence. case one of the nodes is deactivated the rest the potential of integrating drones into its traffic remains active and finds another route via which management system and to aid police in

158 159 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL TRANSFORMING (Y)OUR CENTRAL TRANSFORMING (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)our Central brand (Y)our Central performance monitor

Central DRF area (and its constituent parts) should Each District and the City Centre as a whole, be vigorously promoted via a wider re-branding of • An effective and important tool to promote needs to have a Performance Monitor to provide a • Having the complete picture about the Glasgow City Centre as a place to invest, live and Central in all media. snapshot of the city centre’s performance as a performance/improvement of Central is crucial do business. place; its physical attributes, socio-economic for making informed decisions, assessing • A great way to tie together seemingly unrelated effectiveness of actions and making the case for projects into one big overarching upgrade. characteristics and how it compares to equivalent, competitor cities. future action. Learning from the smart city agenda and the • District and City Centre Monitors should Future City Glasgow demonstrator projects and capitalise on the expertise and lessons learned recommendations within the Operational Services from Future City Demonstrator project. SWOT analysis it is vital to develop a series of key performance indicators to monitor the implementation and impact of delivering regeneration in Glasgow city centre. This Monitor should be (at least in part) publicly accessible and capture an array of big data available from a range of credible sources. This Monitor would also act as a key project management tool for the City Council to assess progress against the DRF Action Plan programme.

160 161 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL TRANSFORMING (Y)OUR CENTRAL TRANSFORMING (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)our Central conservation area (Y)our Heritage Property Fund

Glasgow’s Central Conservation Area is the largest Develop and manage a dedicated heritage in the city. • Review and redefine the existing Central property funding package for grant support toward • Glaswegians and vistors appreciate that the Conservation area guidance to ensure the best bringing heritage buildings back into use. This city’s built heritage is part of what makes the city The area defined as the Central district (DRF area) approach is taken toward should include proactive planning/conservation/ distinctive and special. has a distinctive heritage within the existing building regs advice and match funding . Conservation Area. It comprises much of the urban • Many buildings require significant investment to grid of the city centre and most of the major civic, Explore the scope for a pilot in Central to bring them back in to use, or remedy the effects cultural, transport and commercial built heritage of demonstrate best practice. Focus on buildings at of long term neglect the city centre. It is distinct from the Merchant City, risk. Enable and reward good custodians of Broomielaw or Blythswood (all, also in the Central important heritage assets and penalise / enforce Conservation Area). action against building owners who neglect or fail to maintain these important buildings. A focussed redefinition of character areas within Central Conservation Area is proposed, to reinforce and secure these multiple identities. A refreshed Conservation Area appraisal should identify new approaches to heritage buildings in the 2020s. Demonstration projects for long term vacant buildings should be identified with owners. Promotion of increased awareness and interpretation of social and built heritage should underpin this initiative.

162 163 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL TRANSFORMING (Y)OUR CENTRAL TRANSFORMING (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)our night-time Central (Y)our clean and well maintained Central

To help manage and support a dynamic and To fulfil the expectations of Glaswegians and exciting night-time economy (ref (Y)our Vibrant • Central will continue to be at the nexus of visitors alike a clean, well maintained city is vital. • Clean and well-functioning public spaces are Central chapter) and ensure it is compatible with a Glasgow’s night-life and should be proactively crucial. Street cleanliness and maintenance is a mixed-use city centre with an increasing resident promoted as a destination with a positive Initiatives to help recycle waste, encourage high priority issue, with many flagging up dismay population Central district has to be part of a evening economy and aligned with efforts to neighbourhood / community stewardship, at the poor state of many city centre streets, network of areas proactively managed to ensure a retain / attract business and future residents / campaigns to tackle littering / encourage culture notably in Central district. safe, clean and attractive environment for all. investment to the area. change and using smart technology to ensure high standards of street cleanliness should be • Getting the basics right is vital to refresh • In parallel with Comunity Safety / NightZones • There is support / interest in delivering events / encouraged and developed. Glaswegian’s and visitor’s perceptions of initiatives pilot (Y)our City Centre Night-time activities to trial what could work to enhance the Glasgow city centre and demonstrate that the Economy initiative. night-time economy and visitor experience in city cares about itself. Central. • Enable trials / initiatives to promote a positive nightlife in Central. • Establish single point of contact at GCC enabling temporary use of vacant space (sites / buildings) - street food / festivals / pop-up bars etc. Develop programme of events. • Learn from examples from other cities re events programming and ‘night mayor’ management.

164 165 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL TRANSFORMING (Y)OUR CENTRAL TRANSFORMING (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)our Dedicated Central Team (Y)our new Central community council

Dedicated staff resource to drive Central DRF • Explore scope to form a Community Council regeneration - working with City Centre team and • An effective way to translate ambition of DRF for Central, dovetailing with Garnethill, • Capitalise on community engagement and with specific focus on Central DRF area. A Special Action Plan in to delivery Merchant City / Trongate and Blythswood. interest arising from the Central DRF consultation process Purpose Vehicle required / appropriate to drive • Provide focus and demonstrate commitment / Explore scope to involve business community Central Regeneration. leadership to community / businesses / as well as tenants / residents of Central area. • Provide a community-led vehicle to focus / Additional staff / expertise is required to support investors • Guidance should be sought about the correct champion key DRF projects City Centre Strategy team and project partners to governance / format for any new • Reinforce and empower a local community coordinate delivery of the ambitions of DRFs. community-led bodies to help support currently without a ‘voice’ / focus. Regeneration in Central will require a higher level initiatives in Central district. of public sector intervention to deliver sustained change. • Opinion on this idea was canvassed during community engagement process and gained A Central Taskforce Team could comprise support. Offer of advice from GCC and other city centre Community Councils was also • Dedicated Team Manager FTE forthcoming. • Design/Urban Advisor (0.4) • Convene a new Community Council. Network • Traffic Advisor (0.2) with other established city centre Community Councils. Review DRF and agree areas of • Maintenance Advisor (0.1) focus / projects to champion. Monitor impacts and sustainability of new Community Council. • Planning Advisor (0.2) Support and provide capacity building as • Finance/ Business Case Advisor (0.4) necessary. • Property / Legal Advisor (0.4) • Dedicated Marketing/ Development Manager • Stakeholder / Community liaison • Trial 18 month period Everybody with a potential stake in the city centre should feel they can obtain current and credible information easily. And that they can also contribute to helping deliver the Central Regeneration Frameworks as an active citizen, collaborator or project partner. A Central Taskforce should be the first point of contact for all these enquiries. The cornerstone of the (Y)our City Centre communication plan has to be maintaining opportunities for stakeholders to continue to share their ideas, concerns and opinions. This has to be varied and should involve a cycle of public facing presentations / workshops focussed on delivery, regularly updated online platforms (dedicated websites, social media) and named principal points of contact to enable interested parties to enquire about how to progress their projects.

166 167 07 PLANNING POLICY (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL PLANNING POLICY PLANNING POLICY (Y)our Planning Policy

LOCAL DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK CENTRAL DISTRICT REGENERATION FRAMEWORK This strategic approach is supported by 12 OBJECTIVES policies and linked to supplementary guidance The principal purpose of this District Regeneration This DRF should be read in conjunction with the (SG) which provides further detailed guidance and Framework (DRF) is to guide forthcoming physical, City Development Plan (2017) and the City Centre The aims of this DRF are to; assessment criteria on the policy topics. Refer to social and economic regeneration and Strategy 2014-19 and their respective successor • Outline the vision and ambition for the Central SG1 (IPG1) Parts 1 and 2 for further information development in the area of the city centre documents. It should also be read in conjunction DRF area so that it can make a significant regarding the City Centre and River Corridor designated by the City Centre Strategy 2014-19 as with the City Centre Strategic Development contribution to the environmental, social and character areas (identified as 2 of 10) and their the Central district. The City Centre Strategy states Framework (SDF) which is to be prepared in line economic regeneration of the City Centre and respective placemaking priorities. At the time of that each DRF will contribute to Supplementary with guidance set out in the City Development Plan the River Clyde corridor. This DRF supports publication of the Central DRF Glasgow City Planning Guidance. (2017). the case for both the City Centre and the River Council has adopted eight SG documents, with Clyde to be considered national planning the remaining three operating as interim SG The City Development Plan (2017) confirms that This DRF should also be read in conjunction with priority projects in future National Planning guidance. More details can be found on the Local Development Frameworks (LDF) will be any subsequent, adopted Masterplans, site Frameworks. Supplementary Guidance website. produced for each of the 9 districts identified in the specific planning development briefs and design • Create an even more vibrant mixed-use urban City Centre Strategy, and that a Strategic guides that this DRF recommends be district with an attractive and active waterfront The following CDP policies are directly relevant for Development Framework (SDF) will be prepared implemented. along the River Clyde, within a convivial, Central District: covering the entire city centre and all 9 districts. compact and walkable city centre providing, • It lies within an Air Quality Management and benefitting from, excellent access to city Area;(CDP1). This chapter provides the planning policy context and community amenities and the wider city • Development will help promote the application for the Central DRF area. The guidance below will region. of the Glasgow Healthy Sustainable operate as a material consideration in the • Provide a planning and delivery framework to Neighbourhood Model; (CDP1). assessment of development applications in that support and enable the delivery of • It is within the City Centre Strategic Economic area. It will subsequently form part of the adopted regeneration of the Central district, and sites Investment Location (SEIL) (CDP2). supplementary planning guidance as set out in the and buildings within the DRF area, to very high • There is a preference to utilise brownfield sites Glasgow City Development Plan (adopted 29 quality of architecture, planning and design to rather than greenfield sites; (CDP2). March 2017), other supplementary planning meet these ambitions. • To prioritise the remediation and reuse of guidance and the City Centre Strategy 2014-2019. • Support and encapsulate the Placemaking vacant and derelict land; (CDP2). Principles outlined in the City Development • It is within the City Centre and River Clyde Plan Strategic Development Frameworks area (SDF); (CDP2). • Includes the full extent of the City Centre GLASGOW CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN Principal Office/Retail and Commercial Area, most of City Centre Principal Retail and Glasgow City Development Plan (CDP) establishes Commercial Areas and a large portion of the the spatial strategy for the city with the key aims of City Centre Principal Office Area (SG3 / SG4) creating 1) a healthy, high quality place and 2) a • Specific locations are identified as Economic compact city form that supports sustainable Development Areas, with some urban blocks development.This is underlined by four strategic specified as Opportunity Sites. (CDP3). outcomes: • It has the ‘greatest potential’ for district heating zones and is within an ‘active’ Surface Water • A Vibrant Place with a Growing Economy Management Plan (CDP5). • A Thriving and Sustainable Place to Live and • Most of the of the District lies within the Central Work Conservation Area( SG9). • A Connected Place to move around and do • The neighbouring River Clyde is designated as business in a Site of Importance for Natural Conservation • A Green Place which is Resilient, Accessible (SINC) (CDP8). and Attractive • It includes a few sites designated for housing (CDP10). • The full DRF area is designated as ‘High Accessibility’ in the Public Transport Accessibility Zones map (CDP11).

Glasgow CDP policies, in relation to Central, are considered below in more detail. For the Central DRF area, development proposals will be assessed against the CDP and the following additional criteria;

170 171 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL PLANNING POLICY PLANNING POLICY (Y)our Planning Policy

CDP 1: PLACEMAKING PRINCIPLE • Servicing or vehicle access to new CDP 2: SUSTAINABLE SPATIAL STRATEGY CDP 3: ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT developments will not be permitted from (or CDP 1 is one of two over-arching policies within within 20m of the frontage of) the riverfront, CDP 2 is designed to “influence the location and This policy promotes “the creation of economic Glasgow CDP against which all development Clyde Street, City Centre Primary Streets form of development to create a ‘compact city opportunity for the City’s residents and businesses proposals will be assessed. The aim of this policy (levels 1, 2 and 3 – ref SG4), streets form’ which supports sustainable development.” and encourage sustained economic growth”. The is to “improve the quality of development taking designated as EIIPR Avenues or Sites of Within this policy, the City Centre and River Clyde location is partially covered by the City Centre place in Glasgow by promoting a design-led Special Landscape Importance (ref SG7). are identified as two of six priority areas that SIELs as identified in Clydeplan and CDP. This City approach.” For the Central DRF area, development • Bin storage to be internalised with access in require to be covered by a Strategic Development Centre designation highlights a broad range of proposals will be assessed against the following line with service access requirements noted Framework (SDF). These SDFs will become core sectors. In addition the Clydeplan highlights criteria; above. Supplementary Guidance when they are adopted. the aspirations of the City Centre Strategy and • To demonstrate compliance with SG1 (IPG1) recognises the aspiration to encourage mixed • Design excellence in architecture, landscape designs should be illustrated with perspective For the Central DRF area, development proposals uses including residential, leisure and supporting and planning must be demonstrated in all views at street level to indicate best practice will be assessed against the following criteria; uses throughout the city centre. development in terms of relationship to urban street design and provision of active frontages, • The regeneration of the River Clyde, and the context, overall project design and in detailed creating a human scale and considering street River Park proposal in particular, is considered For the Central DRF area, development proposals delivery, in line with Placemaking principles set design as 3 dimensional public space. to be a project of national significance and will be assessed against the following criteria; out in SG1 and this DRF. • In addition to complying with internal should be recognised with national project • New development should express architectural daylighting requirements per SG1 (IPG1) status in the National Planning Framework. • Mixed use developments are required diversity with no single architectural form or designs should demonstrate street design that • Masterplans should be prepared in line with throughout the Central DRF area. Vertical design language dominating a single urban provides positive external microclimates; the design principles of this DRF for the mixed uses are encouraged and preferred, block. avoiding excessive overshadowing, wind Buchanan Galleries / Queen Street Station / where compatible and effective long term • Development in the Central DRF area should tunnelling, downdraughts and daylighting Buchanan Bus Station, St. Enoch / Custom management arrangements are demonstrated. achieve high urban density, whilst complying conditions at street level and at external House Quay / Briggait (incorporating St. This applies particularly to residential and with open space policy guidelines. terraces / roof garden spaces. Enoch shopping centre, the Custom House Hotel/Leisure use (Class 7). • Within the Central DRF area new development • Demonstrate design that promotes the Quay riverfront and the Clutha / Briggait urban • To promote vibrancy and activity no urban shall demonstrate that it will contribute to benefits of green (landscape) and blue (water) block to the City Union viaduct), and the River block within the existing street pattern is achieving densities at least of that achieved infrastructure as key features of its riverfront Park (Glasgow Green to the SEC / Hydro). permitted to have a single land use. within completed urban blocks within the DRF location. These should provide a further level of building • The north bank of the River Clyde is a key area. • Demonstrate designs that comply with CDP in and landscape design guidance in addition to connection to the SEC and Glasgow Green • It is anticipated that development of greater improving air quality and reducing the impact that in the City Development Plan, the City (and beyond). To further support the density and height can be accommodated of noise. Centre and River Clyde Strategic Development development of an active riverfront, footfall along the River Clyde waterfront (within 2 Framework (when published) and this DRF. generating activities and developments are urban blocks of the River), along Argyle Street • A Glasgow Healthy Sustainable sought and encouraged on the banks of the and within 200m of subway / mainline rail Neighbourhood Model assessment of River Clyde as part of the River Park concept. stations. Masterplans should be undertaken to • In order to encourage and develop an evening • Tall buildings are actively encouraged demonstrate healthy outcomes have been economy within the district, and to provide an specifically along Clyde Street. Refer to the considered increased amenity for higher resident and ‘Tall Buildings Policy’ under SG (IPG1) Part 2, employment densities, developments section 5 providing Class 1 (Retail), Class 3 (Food + • The density of all development throughout the Drink), Class 7 (Hotels), Class 10 (non- DRF area shall be informed by scenario residential institutions) and Class 11 testing during pre-application discussions to (Assembly and leisure) are encouraged, ensure appropriate building proportions and especially along active river and street scale. frontages. Positive evening economy uses are • New development must demonstrate a design especially encouraged in locations where which promotes the benefits of walking and there is a lack of evening economy activity at cycling. New development must demonstrate present. permeability in urban blocks to encourage and facilitate walking and cycling. • Developments that incorporate lanes shall present active frontages on the lanes. Lanes will not be permitted to be occupied by commercial waste or parking. • Buildings shall be designed to be flexible and capable of being adapted for different uses in the future. Ground floors heights (floor to ceiling) are to be high (minimum 5m); allowing them to accommodate different functions (and mezzanine floors). 172 173 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL PLANNING POLICY PLANNING POLICY (Y)our Planning Policy

CDP 4: NETWORK OF CENTRES CDP 5: RESOURCE MANAGEMENT CDP 6: GREEN BELT AND GREEN NETWORK CDP 7: NATURAL ENVIRONMENT

The aim of this policy is to “ensure that all of This policy outlines the approach to energy The policy supports the development and This policy aims to protect the natural environment Glasgow’s residents and visitors have good planning with the aims that Glasgow; enhancement of Glasgow’s Green Network in order to; access to a network of centres which are vibrant, through; multi-functional and sustainable destinations • Supports energy generation from renewable • Ensure that Glasgow’s natural environments, providing a range of goods and services”. The and low carbon sources; • Protecting and extending the Green Network including its ecosystems and protected introduction of local centres at key locations can • Promotes energy efficient design and use of and linking habitat networks; species, are safeguarded and, wherever play a major role in promoting regeneration and low and zero carbon generating technologies • Providing for the delivery of multifunctional possible, enhanced through new improving vitality and viability. Building upon SG4, in new development; open space to support new development; development; the actions listed below will be promoted through • Helps safeguard communities from the • Protecting the Green Belt; and • Help enhance biodiversity and protect the the development plan process; potentially adverse impacts of energy • Supporting development proposals that health and function of ecosytems; generation or oil/gas extraction; safeguard and enhance the Green Network • Help the natural environment adapt to climate • A new, multi-functional City Centre Events • Makes efficient use of energy generation and/ and Green Belt. change Space with integrated servicing to or industrial processes by supporting • Protect important landscape and geological accommodate a diverse programme of combined heat and power systems and For the Central DRF area, development proposals features in the City. seasonal events is proposed within the St district heating networks; will be assessed against the following criteria; Enoch DRF area, north of the River Clyde and • Manages its waste to minimise landfill and In addition to these aims the Council is engaged in south of Argyle Street. help meet national targets and benefits from • The Action Plan in this District Regeneration the Horizon 2020 Nature Based Solutions project. • City Deal will also focus on redefining the secure supplies of low carbon energy and Framework will seek opportunities to highlight This on-going project will inform future policy. function and form of the Clyde riverfront in heat. the national significance of the River Clyde Proposed new development demonstrating order to create a city-wide regional leisure and corridor in the City Centre. alignment with the Horizon 2020 agenda is actively cultural destination. For the Central DRF area, development proposals • Actions to facilitate and encourage encouraged. • Enhance connections to the network of Local will be assessed against the following criteria; development and projects which help Town Centres with provision of new pedestrian designate the River Clyde as the principal For the Central DRF area, development proposals / cycle infrastructure (on and off street). • Demonstrate design adaptability ‘open space / green space’ (River Park) within will be assessed against the following criteria; • New developments must demonstrate their the City Centre will be sought. ability to integrate / enable District Heating. • New development should demonstrate • Biodiversity must be maximised in new This should include using ground and water provision of creative open space / green developments by integrating many different sourced heat pumps. space that provides many different biotypes in all open spaces and new buildings • A ‘fabric first’ approach to achieving a zero opportunities for meeting and socialising, which will increase the environment’s carbon district is encouraged. Where integrating elements of play and public art and biodiversity. Table 3 of SG07 provides applicable the incorporation and careful designed to enhance biodiversity. This examples. integration of affordable low and zero carbon provision should contribute to ‘open space / technologies to meet a portion of the energy green space’ requirements outlined within demands of development is encouraged. CDP 12: Delivering Development”. • All new development should integrate green roofs (to be not less than 50% of total roof area of each development) • Provision of open space should be in accordance with Open Space Strategy (updated version to be published). River Park to be considered as part of wider ‘open space / green space’ provision for new residential development throughout Central DRF.

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CDP 8: WATER ENVIRONMENT CDP 9: HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT CDP 10: MEETING HOUSING NEED CDP 11: SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORT

This policy aims to: This policy has been designed to “ensure the This policy aims to ‘ensure that the City’s growing Supporting the development and delivery of appropriate protection, enhancement and and diverse population has access to a choice of sustainable transport across Glasgow to ensure • Aid adaptation to climate change; management of Glasgow’s heritage assets by housing of appropriate quality and affordability “that Glasgow is a connected City, characterised • Protect and improve the water environment; providing clear guidance to applicants”. across all tenures.’ by sustainable and active travel”. It is anticipated • Support the development of integrated green that the findings of the Glasgow Connectivity infrastructure throughout the city; For the Central DRF area, development proposals For the Central DRF area, development proposals Commission will promote proposals and policies • Meet the requirements of the Flood Risk will be assessed against the following criteria; will be assessed against the following criteria; that may require future revision of this guidance. Management (Scotland) Act 2009 and Scottish • Planning Policy 2014; • Demonstrate designs which respect Central • The provision of city centre residential For the Central DRF area, development proposals • Help deliver the Metropolitan Glasgow Conservation Area Appraisal and respond to development shall be informed by the City will be assessed against the following criteria; Strategic Drainage Partnership (MGSDP) the Clyde’s maritime / mercantile heritage, the Centre Residential Strategy, the City Centre Scheme, a National Development in NPF3; city’s medieval history and the distinctive SDF and any subsequent guidance. • Development should enable and support the and heritage of Central, Merchant City and the • Housing should be integrated throughout the provision of continuous pedestrian / cycle • Contribute to the reduction of overall flood risk Gorbals. DRF area, to create a mixed use district. paths along both banks of the River Clyde and make satisfactory provision for SUDS. • Proposals to appropriately reuse buildings • City centre residential development is actively • Car-free housing encouraged / supported designated as ‘buildings at risk’ will be encouraged, as compatible and throughout DRF area. Enhancements to For the Central DRF area, development proposals supported. complementary to existing and proposed land integrated SUDs, open space standards etc. will be assessed against the following criteria; uses within the DRF area. to be demonstrated in design proposals. • To support a vibrant urban district residential • Any traffic efficiencies achieved by road • New developments shall incorporate creative development shall form a significant part of the network adjustments or new technology eg. storm-water management systems to reinforce land use mix to create a continuity of city Autonomous vehicle technology (‘driverless regeneration aspirations of an ecologically centre population throughout Central DRF cars’) should be passed on to the pedestrian sustainable district. area. (wider footways), cyclist (extended network) • New development should reinforce and • A housing target is to be verified by the City and urban design (reduced parking enhance blue and green networks by Centre Residential Strategy, the City Centre requirements). incorporating water and landscape features, SDF and any subsequent guidance. particularly in public spaces. Development proposals shall demonstrate • Developments will be expected to support the how they are contribute to meeting city centre CDP 12: DELIVERING DEVELOPMENT promotion of the river and the River Park as residential requirements. the principal open space in the DRF area. • Car-free residential developments that support This policy “aims to ensure that development Proposals need to demonstrate responsive and contribute to successful placemaking are contributes to a sustainable, economically design which enhances the river as the focal supported. successful City, through the provision of spatial element within the DRF area. • Tenure mix including the provision of private reasonable infrastructure and facilities that are rented scheme (build to rent) housing shall be necessary to mitigate the impact of change on informed by the City Centre Residential Glasgow’s resources, and that are appropriate to Strategy and any subsequent guidance. both the nature of the development and its • Guidance on student accommodation will be location”. informed by the appropriate policy framework. • All new residential development should For more detailed guidance refer to Refer to IPG12 incorporate designs that enable futureproofing and then SPG12. and adaptability in order to meets people’s needs throughout their lives and to ‘age in place’

176 177 8 ACTION PLAN (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL ACTION PLAN ACTION PLAN (Y)our Updated Mobility Action Plan

Impact / Reach / (Y)our Central Action Plan Immediate Short Term : Y1 Medium Term : Y2-Y4 Long Term : Y5+ Key Stakeholders Term Justification / Observations (Y)our Updated Mobility Bigger context: Shift to more sustainable mobility Glasgow city centre Review findings from Conclude refresh of Continue to implement Continue to implement Glasgow City Council - DRS High Impact / City Many consultees have highlighted requires an innovative Glasgow Connectivity City Centre Transport actions from refreshed actions from refreshed and NS (lead); inputs from local Project / Short to the detrimental impact too much and progressive Transport Commission. Review need Strategy - involving Transport Strategy. Transport Strategy. landowners / building occupiers Long Term traffic (principally private cars) Strategy to deliver a for undertaking a refresh of consultation, modelling Monitor impacts and Monitor impacts and / developers / communities. has on the city centre (pollution, significant modal shift from the City Centre Transport scenarios for revised traffic adjust implementation adjust implementation Key Stakeholders incl public congestion, cluttered streets, car reliance to active travel Strategy. Secure buy-in management, bus routing, accordingly. See City accordingly. See City transport organisations oversized roads). and public transport / funding to commence active travel and public Centre Transport Strategy Centre Transport (Network Rail, Transport refresh. transport enhancements. below Strategy below Scotland, SPT, Abellio Scotrail, Observation and analysis of Commence First Group) and (Y)our the land take of road space v See City Centre Transport implementation of priority Pedestrian and Accessibility pedestrian space, coupled with Strategy below actions. Champion (see below) and comparison with best practice cycling groups. in high performing cities of an See City Centre Transport equivalent size confirms the need Strategy below Glasgow Connectivity for a significant change in policy Commission and travel patterns / behaviour

(Ultra) Low Emissions Zone Tackle poor air quality Investigate scope for LEZ / Commence study / Conclude report, make Assess LEZ impacts. Glasgow City Council, High Impact / City Many consultees have noted poor in central Glasgow with Clean Air zone in Glasgow. research. Assess the policy recommendations and Review scope to Transport Scotland and Scottish Project / Medium air quality in central Glasgow. implementation of an Research precedent. and legal implication. adopt LEZ. Monitor progress to an Ultra Government. to Long Term During the preparation of this (Ultra) LEZ. Make the case for a trial / Assess technical impacts / enforcement. LEZ. Implement DRF LEZ issues have become a research study. implications - e.g. impact recommendations stated political policy objective Scotland’s first LEZ came and cost/benefit analysis and assess impact aligning with an increasing national into effect in Glasgow City of electric buses within city on air quality. Adjust awareness of the importance of Centre on 31st December centre. strategy to achieve this issue for public health and 2018. target outcomes. long term resilience. Glasgow City Council have established the first LEZ in Scotland.

Traffic-Calmed Central Optimise the benefit of Within scope of any Conduct full review of one Approve revised Transport Implement Glasgow City Council (lead) - High Impact / City Many consultees have requested Glasgow’s urban grid refresh to the Transport way / two way / car-free Strategy (with new City recommendations of NS and DRS. Centre Project that the city centre become network with a full review Strategy for the city centre / shared space options Centre / Central Circulation the revised Transport / Short to Long more walkable / pedestrian / of how best to enable a full review / modelling within Glasgow street grid. / Traffic Management). Strategy. Design, Term bicycle friendly and reduce the vehicular access in and of implications of new Scope for repurposing of implement and ease of access for and extent of through the city centre. arrangement for traffic streets for car only or car monitor impacts. congestion. Several cautioned Part of wider refreshed City management to be free traffic management. against limiting car accessibility. Centre Transport Strategy considered - see City Trial options and verify Centre Transport Strategy through modelling. As demonstrated by other high (below) performing cities this is liable to require bold, ambitious and integrated concepts to optimise the benefit of Glasgow’s urban grid.

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Impact / Reach / (Y)our Central Action Plan Immediate Short Term : Y1 Medium Term : Y2-Y4 Long Term : Y5+ Key Stakeholders Term Justification / Observations Specialisation in streets (Tartan)

Ensure comprehensive Within scope of any refresh Conduct and conclude Implement ‘quick wins’ Conclude Glasgow City Council - NS and High Impact / City Many consultees confirmed and continuous network to the Transport Strategy accessibility audit. Report - focus on high impact enhancements DRS in partnership with Access Centre Project Glasgow’s compact city centre of high quality, safe and for the city centre compile back to GCC and Access missing links / conflict (including EIIPR ‘ Panel, cycle groups and (Y)our / Short to Long street grid is a significant asset. attractive pedestrian and an initial mapping of routes Panel / cycling groups. points. Progress to follow Avenues’) to provide Pedestrian and Accessibility Term The analysis and proposal to create cycle routes alongside network based on desk Agree prioritised, costed up actions / priorities. a comprehensive Champion (see below) clearer hierarchy / differentiation reliable bus corridors and based analysis. Develop Action Plan. Seek and Monitor impacts and upgrade of the between pedestrian, cycle or bus adequate car / service brief and case for full city secure funding and adjust investment priorities pedestrian and cycle priority routes was welcomed by access to and through centre accessibility audit implement ‘quick wins’. in consultation with networks. consultees. Glasgow city centre. (focussed on pedestrian pedestrians / cyclists. and cyclist routes). Coordinate delivery in Refer to Variation in street tandem with revised character (Tartan Grid) Transport Strategy and -above. Smarter Bus Network review.

Smarter Cleaner Bus Network Refine the bus route Undertake an initial Conduct a full review of Trial, monitor and Continue to implement Glasgow City Council - NS High Impact / Many consultees (general public network, service provision review of bus routing and bus routing and stances permanently implement and monitor impact and DRS; in partnership with Regional Project / and key stakeholders) highlighted and bus stop locations bus stop locations for - in partnership with SPT recommendations of of enhancements to SPT, First Group and bus Medium Term bus routing and service provision to integrate with other service gaps / duplication. and bus companies. city centre bus review. bus services in central companies. as a significant issue. Many modes of public transport Assess data of trip origin / Highlight areas of under Progress legal / business Glasgow. suggest the system requires a and active travel and destination points. or over provision and implications of re- comprehensive and radical review service key destinations / duplication. Undertake an regulation / franchising of to improve service reliability, communities.The success initial feasibility study into bus services. be easier to comprehend and of this project is dependant re-regulation / franchising optimised to align with demand and on bus operators and of bus services within to reduce congestion / pollution. limitations of legistlation. Glasgow city centre. In light of new guidance from Scottish Government.

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Impact / Reach / (Y)our Central Action Plan Immediate Short Term : Y1 Medium Term : Y2-Y4 Long Term : Y5+ Key Stakeholders Term Justification / Observations Smarter Parking in Central Investigate scope for Within scope of any refresh Verify scope to optimise Approve revised Transport Implement Glasgow City Council (lead) - High Impact / Analysis suggests that land take further consolidation to the Transport Strategy multi-storey parking Strategy (with new City recommendations of NS and DRS. City Parking and Centre Project / for parking remains too high in / concentration of car for the city centre a full in edge of city centre Centre / Central parking the revised Transport private car park operators. Short to Longer central Glasgow. Whilst some in parking on the edge of review / modelling of car locations. Identify strategy). Strategy. Design, Term central Glasgow retail / business the city centre to limit parking arrangements to candidate sites. Assess implement and / resident community are anxious penetration of cars be conducted - see City long term viability of monitor impacts. about any reduction in parking (in into the city centre and Centre Transport Strategy existing parking provision, the absence of reliable, high quality to induce footfall. This (below) especially the elimination public transport alternatives) many project is dependant on a of all off road surface consultees perceive there to be much wider park and ride parking within central too much space / access for cars policy and actions being Glasgow, and reduction of in the city centre. Many consultees implemented to reduce on-street provision. Review supported consolidating parking commuter vehicular travel / trial parking price regimes in off street multi-storey car parks to the city. / incentives. (MSCP)

Updated train stations

Enhance passenger Scope out improvements Scope out improvements Undertake Glasgow Design, construct Transport Scotland, ScotRail High Impact / City Consultees agreed with the experience to increase at Central Station at Central Station Crossrail STAG appraisal. and monitor impacts and Glasgow City Council (lead) Project / Medium findings that the rail stations serving patronage of rail / public (especially Argyle Street (especially Argyle Street / Develop feasibility study for in long term planning - DRS and NS. Key Partners to Long Term Central district require significant transport and to attract / Low Level entrance) Low Level entrance) and further enhancements to and delivery strategy. / Stakeholders incl Network improvement (and more effective investment / development alongside any further Queen Street Station, Central Station. as deemed Rail, SPT and public transport interchange / signage). Proposals in high density clusters enhancements beyond including George Square appropriate. Conclude stakeholders. to improve Queen Street Station around transport those underway at Queen public realm. Liaise with feasibility studies and passenger experience were well interchange nodes - e.g. Street Station. Explore EIIPR / ‘Avenues’ project commence design work. Key dependency on Network received and deemed a priority by Queen Street / Argyle clustering development regarding enhancements Design, procure, construct. Rail. many. It was welcomed that these Street / Central Station around Queen Street adjacent to Queen Street are progressing. Station and Argyle Street Station, Central Station Station. Reconsider and Argyle Street Station. Other consultees promoted prospect of Glasgow Within masterplan-led revisiting the Glasgow Crossrail Crossrail, linking Queen approach advocate concept. Street Low Level to rail mixed use, higher density network south of the Clyde. development at Queen Street Station and Argyle Street Station. Enhance wayfinding / real time customer information between rail / subway and bus interchanges within Central DRF area, notably between Buchanan Bus Station and Queen Street Station. Scope out a STAG process for Glasgow Crossrail.

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Impact / Reach / (Y)our Central Action Plan Immediate Short Term : Y1 Medium Term : Y2-Y4 Long Term : Y5+ Key Stakeholders Term Justification / Observations Connecting Train Stations

Enhance the quality of Undertake an audit of the Prepare prioritised Design, construct and Monitor and make Glasgow City Council - lead High Impact / City Many consultees highlighted the the passenger experience existing routes, pedestrian package of interventions monitor impacts in long adjustments / (DRS, NS), Access Panel, (Y) Project / Medium poor pedestrian connections for interchange between accessibility, signage and along ‘branded’ route term planning and delivery enhancements our City Centre Pedestrian Term between both Stations. It was Queen Street Station and amenity along principal between both stations. strategy. accordingly. Champion, SPT, Network Rail, widely recognised that improving Central Station. Improve routes (Gordon Street, Develop design / branding local businesses the quality and ease of navigation wayfinding, pedestrian Buchanan Street, West and consult with key along the route is important and priority and public realm George Street) and stakeholders. Dovetail making it appealing and easy along routes between both alternative routes (Royal physical interventions would also benefit the city centre as stations. Aim to showcase Exchange Square / with online / app based well as public transport providers. Glasgow and ensure city George Square). Assess digital interface to assist centre benefits from higher routing interface with passengers. Some proposed a subterranean footfall. redevelopment of Queen route however it was felt that this Street Station. Analyse how would bypass the city centre and pedestrians use existing diminish the benefit of footfall street network and develop between the stations. design in response to data / evidence. Survey users and users groups (e.g.. Access Panel). Make business case for improvements.

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Impact / Reach / (Y)our Central Action Plan Immediate Short Term : Y1 Medium Term : Y2-Y4 Long Term : Y5+ Key Stakeholders Term Justification / Observations Dynamic Buchanan Bus Station

Whilst out with the Central Explore / develop existing Commission and report Appoint design team and Design, construct Strathclyde Partnership for High Impact / Feedback from consultees DRF area Buchanan Bus masterplan options in the back on masterplan develop phased proposals and monitor impacts Transport - lead, Glasgow City Regional Project confirmed analysis that Buchanan Station is strategically context of the DRF and outcomes, following to reconfigure Buchanan in long term planning Council (DRS, NS), Network / Medium to Long Bus Station is remote and poorly important for the city centre the wider objectives for consultation with site Bus Station (as deemed and delivery strategy. Rail, Buchanan Galleries, Term connected in to Central DRF area. and the DRF area. It needs the City Centre and the owners, key stakeholders necessary). landowners, passenger groups Enhancements to improve access to be better integrated Connectivity Commission. (incl. Glasgow Caledonian between bus and rail services were with the city centre and Make the business case University), bus companies Develop designs for public discussed by consultees. DRF area. It could be for a broader masterplan and passengers. realm enhancements. enhanced as a public of the Bus Station Notwithstanding the refresh of transport interchange. and immediate urban Act upon masterplan Continue to liaise with Buchanan Bus Station some It should have a better environment. recommendations, redevelopment proposals observed scope to improve physical connection to including developing for Buchanan Galleries / the station environment and Queen Street Station and any design proposals Queen Street Station. international best practice confirms it has a role to play at the / planning application scope for enhanced passenger interface between regional for redevelopment of facilities, potentially optimal bus bus services and local city Buchanan Bus Station. stance configurations and better centre fleet. Moreover the integration with the city centre Station itself presents a In parallel develop environment. significant development business case for public opportunity. realm enhancements for streets around Buchanan Bus Station and linking to Buchanan Street. Liaise with Buchanan Galleries and Network Rail regarding enhanced connections between Buchanan Bus Station and Queen Street Station. Street Safety and Accessibility Optimise street and Develop brief and case for Conduct and conclude Implement findings of audit Conclude Glasgow City Council - NS and Moderate Impact / Key stakeholders highlighted need public realm accessibility full city centre accessibility accessibility audit. Report - see Updated Pedestrian enhancements - see DRS in partnership with Access City Centre Project to improve pedestrian accessibility and safety to improve audit (pedestrian and back to GCC and Access Network (above) Updated Pedestrian Panel and Pedestrian Champion / Short to Medium generally to create an inclusive city Glasgow city centre for cyclist routes) - see Panel / disability groups. Network (above) (see below). Also include Visit Term centre for all. This initiative would all users. Promote the Updated Pedestrian and Agree prioritised, costed Scotland. align with ongoing proposals to city centre as a safe and Cycle Network (above). Action Plan. Seek and ensure Glasgow city centre is accessible destination Assess public realm / road secure funding for ‘quick Autism Friendly by 2023 (See (Y)our Pedestrian and safety audits as well as wins’ - refer Updated Accessibility Champion) ‘design speeds’ of existing Pedestrian and Cycle street / road network. Brief Network (above) to adopt Designing Streets ethos - minimise guardrails and reliance on signage. Align with Autism Friendly Glasgow initiatives and similar. 188 189 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL ACTION PLAN ACTION PLAN (Y)our Great Streets and Spaces Action Plan

Impact / Reach / (Y)our Central Action Plan Immediate Short Term : Y1 Medium Term : Y2-Y4 Long Term : Y5+ Key Stakeholders Term Justification / Observations (Y)our Great Streets & Spaces Bigger Context: Improved Public Spaces and Connections Significantly enhance Ensure a (Y)our City Develop, consult and Monitor and implement Monitor and Glasgow City Council (lead) High Impact / Analysis confirms that Glasgow is the quality of the public Centre Public Open Space confirm (Y)our Public Open impacts of (Y)our City implement impacts with active travel, public Regional Project failing to optimise its network of open space within the strategy, focussing on (Y) Space Strategy as part Centre Public Open Space of (Y)our City Centre transport and public open / Short to Long city centre streets and public open city centre. It is essential our Great Streets and of the City Centre SDF. Strategy. Coordinate with Public Open Space space stakeholders (e.g. SPT, Term spaces. to maintain an overview, Spaces, is encapsulated Review and encapsulate a refreshed Transport Strategy bus operators, Sustrans, Living across the city centre, to within the City Centre the relevant key findings Strategy. Streets etc.) Consultees recognise the qualities prioritise action and ensure Strategic Development from the Glasgow that the best of Glasgow city the hierarchy of streets and Framework (SDF). Connectivity Commission. (Y)our Pedestrian and centres streets, squares and parks spaces is enhanced. Coordinate (Y)our City Accessibility Champion have and the need to emulate The extent of the EIIPR Centre Public Open Space this quality across the city centre. Identify opportunities to ‘Avenues’ City Deal project strategy with a refreshed Glasgow’s public open spaces capitalise on the ‘Avenues’ is confirmed. Promote and Transport Strategy. in the city centre fail to meet the investment at appropriate designate the new River standards in equivalent cities in connecting streets e.g. Park. Commence a review Monitor progress across terms of quality of place, design Miller Street. of Glasgow city centre’s the city centre and within and maintenance. Moreover streets as part of Glasgow the DRF area against this many consultees see scope for urban mobility network and parallel DRF action dramatic improvement in terms (see ‘Tartan Grid’ below) plans. of accessibility, functionality and and public events spaces efficiency as places to move (hierarchy of main squares through, stop and enjoy or to host and principal streets plus events / city life. Glasgow Green) - refer to George Square project sheet (below). Variation in street character (Tartan Grid) Enhance the quality and Develop a (Y)our City Refine and finalise Develop business case for Continue phased Glasgow City Council (lead) High Impact / Many consultees confirm site legibility of Glasgow’s Centre Public Open Space ‘tartan’ grid concept and implementing ‘tartan’ street implementation. with active travel, public Regional Project analysis that the city’s urban city centre urban grid Strategy. Make Business encapsulate in to the City grid on a prioritised basis. Design, procure, transport and public open / Short to Long street grid is a great asset which of streets and squares. Case to undertake Centre SDF. Consult and Design, procure, construct construct and monitor space stakeholders (e.g. SPT, Term is not used optimally. There was Optimise the efficiency and scenario testing of traffic confirm, alongside any and monitor impacts. impacts. bus operators, Sustrans, Living widespread agreement that too functionality of the street modelling of ‘tartan’ street revision to the City Centre Streets etc.) many streets are poor quality as network to support the grid concept. Progress in Transport Strategy. Implement in a phased they try (and fail) to accommodate hierarchy of travel modes; parallel with negotiations basis. (Y)our Pedestrian and the pedestrian, cyclist, bus, taxi and pedestrian, cyclist, public to revise bus routing, Identify prototype / proof of Accessibility Champion car. transport, servicing, private plug cycle network gaps concept trials to establish Many consultees also highlighted vehicle. Review one-way and develop River Park / potential for ‘tartan’ grid / that the city grid can be confusing road system and assess Urbanised M8 concepts. super-grid creating local for pedestrians and drivers alike benefits of alternatives. car access streets and and enhancing the street hierarchy enhancing pedestrian, would assist in legibility and Refer to (Y)our Updated cycle and bus routing. wayfinding. Mobility chapter. This action will become part of the transport strategy.

190 191 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL ACTION PLAN ACTION PLAN (Y)our Great Streets and Spaces Action Plan

Impact / Reach / (Y)our Central Action Plan Immediate Short Term : Y1 Medium Term : Y2-Y4 Long Term : Y5+ Key Stakeholders Term Justification / Observations Green streets, parks and play spaces Increase greenspace Understand the extent of Develop designs (in Design and construct first Continue to implement Glasgow City Council - DRS High Impact / Many consultees have reflected on and soft landscaping new green infrastructure accordance with emerging additional interventions greenspace and NS with City Deal; inputs Local Project / the lack of green space in central throughout Central to be implemented via Public Realm design (in tandem with the network as per the from local landowners / building Short - Medium Glasgow. Technical consultees district, including more ‘Avenues’ / EIIPR. Acquire guides / Surface Water Glasgow City Centre Masterplans for River occupiers / developers / Term have raised the need for improved street trees in carefully land-ownership information Management Strategy) for Lanes Strategy). Assess Park etc. Monitor communities. Key Stakeholders biodiversity, surface water selected locations. Ensure and review existing and enhanced greenspace in environmental and social impacts and adjust incl utilities companies. management and need for informal integration of play - potential greenspace Central District. Seek pilot impacts (incl integration implementation play space environments. towards (Y)our Playful City opportunities. project within Central DRF of SUDs and urban play accordingly. (in addition to ‘Avenue’ space) These observations are supported / EIIPR) to develop city by survey and analysis of the centre green infrastructure district and the lessons to be concepts - see George learned from elsewhere including Square, Blythswood the benefits (health, socio- Square and Bothwell Street economic, environmental) of : CBD ‘High Street’ project increased and quality urban green sheets (below). space.

Update streets of “Golden Z” Buchanan Street, Argyle Review extent of EIIPR Develop business case Secure funding and Monitor and make Glasgow City Council - DRS Additional Impact Many consultees highlighted Street and Sauchiehall ‘Avenues’ project scope for enhanced public realm develop designs, procure adjustments / and NS with City Deal; inputs (beyond EIIPR) / the poor quality of Argyle Street Street all benefitted from and proposals regarding interventions along Golden and implement alongside enhancements from building occupiers / City Centre project and Sauchiehall Street. Most significant public realm Sauchiehall and Argyle Z, beyond those already wider EIIPR / ‘Avenues’ accordingly. communities. Access Panel. (Y) / Short to Medium reflected on the positive qualities enhancements in the Street. Conduct street envisaged. projects. our City Centre Pedestrian and Term of Buchanan Street and several late 1990s / early 2000s. audit and assess what Accessibility Champion sought to make it car-free (e.g.. no These enhancements adjustments to Buchanan roads to cross). created Scotland’s longest Street are necessary to pedestrianised route. meet wider (Y)our City Any scope to further enhance Centre objectives. Buchanan Street (to ensure it Whilst aspects of these emulates ambition of Avenues public realm projects project) should be explored. have endured all three streets would benefit from a refresh, especially Sauchiehall Street and Argyle Street (both included in the EIIPR ‘Avenues’ project.

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Impact / Reach / (Y)our Central Action Plan Immediate Short Term : Y1 Medium Term : Y2-Y4 Long Term : Y5+ Key Stakeholders Term Justification / Observations Design for rain Enhance the quality of Undertake a precedent Prepare business case Act upon recommendation Design, procure and Glasgow City Council - DRS High Impact / City Several highlighted the wet climate principal Glasgow city study of existing for technical feasibility of feasibility. construct galleria. and NS with City Deal; inputs Centre project / and challenge of competing with centre streets / spaces by urban galleria. Assess study. Commission and Prepare business Monitor impact and from building occupiers / Medium to Long indoor shopping mall experience providing elegant galleria applicability to Glasgow undertake study. Identify case to implement any adjustment communities. Access Panel. (Y) Term for convenience and quality. Some /canopies. Create a city centre. Define scope priority pilot project(s). recommendations to feasibility study our City Centre Pedestrian and proposed covered streets / galleria sheltered and comfortable for technical feasibility accordingly. recommendations. Accessibility Champion / urban canopies. Several were city centre experience to study for Central DRF area, anxious about the impact on the encourage all year round notably along / around city centre and disruption to built activity, regardless of Golden Z, key lanes and heritage / cityscape. prevailing climate. Connecting Train Stations project. Implementing galleria could create an attraction / destination in itself and act as a landmark for Glasgow. Further studies /consideration recommended.

Glorious George Square George Square is the Assess the findings of Develop a brief and Design, procure and Monitor impacts Glasgow City Council - lead High Impact / George Square fails as city’s most important recent public consultation business case to revisit the implement reconfiguration and refine, make (DRS, NS), public, local Regional project / Glasgow’s principal urban space. urban square. It needs a regarding George Square redesign of George Square of George Square, adjustments to businesses / land and building Medium Term Most consultees are seeking major upgrade to create and the Connectivity as a car-free (in full or in encapsulating integrated optimise performance owners / occupiers, Access enhancement to the square. Many a high quality civic space Commission. part) civic square. smart city and surface of George Square. Panel, (Y)our City Centre wish to see reduced impact of cars designed for people and water management Pedestrian and Accessibility and commercialisation of square. diminishing or removing Brief should be developed requirements. Champion the impact of traffic. in tandem with provision of Despite cynicism and fallout The square should be River Park and an Events from previous attempts there is upgraded in tandem with Square (see (Y)our St recognition that George Square redefining the hierarchy of Enoch). should be upgraded to improve the urban spaces in the city city’s image and the quality of one centre by creating a River Secure mandate to of the few public open spaces in Park and an Events Square proceed to developing the city centre. to relieve pressure on designs. Undertake George Square. detailed analysis of urban space. Trial, through Experimental Traffic Regulation Orders, modification to street network. Observe and monitor impacts, alongside traffic modelling. 194 195 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL ACTION PLAN ACTION PLAN (Y)our Great Streets and Spaces Action Plan

Impact / Reach / (Y)our Central Action Plan Immediate Short Term : Y1 Medium Term : Y2-Y4 Long Term : Y5+ Key Stakeholders Term Justification / Observations Central Station Entrances : Hielanman’s Umbrella as station lobby Gordon Street and, Review existing investment Develop a brief and a Based upon technical Monitor impacts Glasgow City Council - lead High Impact / City Many highlighted the poor quality particularly, the plans for these locations, business case to enhance feasibility study and and adjust (DRS / NS), Network Rail, Centre project / of the streets / spaces around Hielanman’s Umbrella on notably the EIIPR / both Gordon Street and business case findings street / entrance SPT, Access Panel, (Y)our Medium Term Glasgow Central Station, notably at Argyle Street fail to create ‘Avenues’ proposals for Argyle Street and the progress to design, configurations City Centre Pedestrian and the entrances at Argyle Street and an appropriate high quality Argyle Street. entrances to Central procure and construct accordingly. Accessibility Champion Gordon Street. entrance to Glasgow’s Station, respecting the station entrance and public busiest station. Whilst architectural heritage whilst realm enhancements. The Hielanman’s Umbrella (and enhancements have been redefining the station’s the 4 Corners) cited as one of the implemented in the past relationship with the city least attractive locations in the city decade or so there is a centre, especially to Argyle centre. pressing need to create Street. a far more appealing and Gordon Street routinely observed to high quality entrance / Commission a feasibility have recurring pedestrian / traffic / gateway in to the city / study accordingly, service access conflicts. station at both locations. building evidence base for making Gordon Street pedestrian flows, modelling pedestrian priority and and surveys. car-free and considering the possibility of creating a car-free station lobby at the Hielanman’s Umbrella are proposed.

Bothwell Street: The CBD High Street Redefine Bothwell Street Establish a business case Develop designs to Procure and construct Monitor impact and Glasgow City Council - lead High Impact / City Bothwell Street is, in effect, the CBD as the Central Business to develop a feasibility enhance full extent of reconfiguration of Bothwell adjust streetscape in (DRS, NS), public, local Centre project / High Street. It is the first street most District’s ‘High Street’ - a study to consider options Bothwell Street. Dovetail Street. response to feedback businesses / land and building Medium Term encounter when arriving from the high quality street giving to enhance Bothwell Street. with ongoing EIIPR / in use. owners / occupiers, Access airport / motorway. The streetscape a great first impression Commission and conduct ‘Avenues’ programme. Panel, (Y)our City Centre currently provides a poor first to visitors arriving from a costed analysis of what Integrate similar surface Pedestrian and Accessibility impression of the city centre. The the airport, motorway could be delivered. Seek water / smart city solutions Champion street is dominated by speeding and Central Station. funding to progress. as EIIPR. traffic and inconsistent and Bothwell Street is the inadequate streetscape finishes. heart of the business district but is in poor Several consultees, including those condition and dominated developing or seeking investment in by traffic, despite ongoing the city centre, highlighted the need investment in development to enhance Bothwell Street and in the area. others within the business district to attract and retain business and investment.

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Impact / Reach / (Y)our Central Action Plan Immediate Short Term : Y1 Medium Term : Y2-Y4 Long Term : Y5+ Key Stakeholders Term Justification / Observations Surface Water Management Strategy Seamless integration of Review technical Identify a pilot project Integrate Surface Water Long term cycle of Glasgow City Council (lead) High Impact / Surface Water Management (SWM) Council’s Surface Water constraints / viability of (a Central Lane / Plaza / Management into pilot review / monitoring - NS and DRS; partnership District Project / Strategy approved by GCC. There Management Strategy - integrating Surface Water DRF Open Space / Rain projects and assess of impacts as each working with Scottish Water, Long Term is a pressing need to implement the fused with public open Management Strategy Garden) to identify Surface achievement of KPIs. Apply phase is delivered SEPA and SNH. Seek academic recommendations from the SWM space strategy and other objectives within Central Water Management (SWM) lessons to future briefing partners to review/ research Strategy to deliver more resilient interventions (e.g. roof DRF (in addition to the best practice. Scope out and implement through implementation. urban infrastructure to future-proof gardens / rain gardens). ‘Avenues’ / EIIPR projects full extent of ‘optimum’ remaining greenspace the city and enhance city centre A design response to SWM approach and infrastructure. environment. achieve zero discharge of develop costings. Consider storm water into combined funding / developer sewers contribution scenarios to enable forward investment.

Public Art Development of an Seek funding to trial a Explore scope to trial Deliver Central Arts Deliver Central Arts Glasgow City Council and Moderate Impact Central DRF study area includes innovative and creative arts Central Artist-in-Residence. public arts projects in Strategy - monitor and Strategy - monitor and Creative Scotland - lead. / District Project many significant arts / culture strategy and programme Develop a brief for a City Central via planned city review impacts review impacts Inputs from Glasgow School of / Short to Long institutions and venues. Many of permanent and Centre Public Arts Strategy arts festivals / events Art, local arts community (via Term consultees have championed the temporary installations to (including urban feature (e.g. Sonica, Glasgow networks), local communities, arts as being crucial in Glasgow’s meaningfully embed visual lighting). This could be an International etc.). businesses / developers regeneration, and indicated and performing arts in to extension of the planned Temporary events. enthusiasm to champion further the Central District artist in residence by Commission and finalise creative regeneration in the area. Council ward. Review (Y)our Central Public Arts scope of existing public Strategy. Make funding Glasgow is renowned internationally space design / scope and applications to implement as a cultural hub and authentic, opportunities to integrate (including Section 75 creative regeneration adds artworks (temporary or monies) significant and lasting value to permanent) place-mending. The arts can help test and change perceptions of places and act as a catalyst for change in urban regeneration. Central presents a massive opportunity to test that in a city centre district, capitalising on the well established cultural network in the district.

198 199 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL ACTION PLAN ACTION PLAN (Y)our Great Buildings Action Plan

Impact / Reach / (Y)our Central Action Plan Immediate Short Term : Y1 Medium Term : Y2-Y4 Long Term : Y5+ Key Stakeholders Term Justification / Observations (Y)our Great Buildings Building add-ons and infills This DRF envisages an Confirm analysis in Central Conduct skyline / tall Monitor implementation of Monitor and review Glasgow City Council - DRS Local Policy Comparative analysis indicates increase in urban density DRF and emerging buildings policy review policies and effectiveness effectiveness and and NS, Historic Environment Glasgow needs to be more and mixed uses. This masterplans. Identify and (including Conservation / appropriateness in adjust guidelines Scotland, Architecture + Design densely populated. Moreover could involve a potentially plug gaps in analysis / Area appraisal). Confirm delivering increased accordingly. Scotland there is scope, accepted by most significant increase in data. Confirm baseline and validity of findings. density, mix and quality. consultees, that Central DRF is density. projected uplift. Scope out an appropriate location for higher study to assess skyline density (and potentially taller and tall buildings policies / buildings - notably along the analysis. river and adjacent to mainline rail stations).

Historic Central A significant portion Review the existing Scope out and procure Implement and monitor Implement, monitor Glasgow City Council, Historic High Impact / City Glasgow’s built heritage is of the Central DRF Conservation Area policies a Conservation Area policy effectiveness. and adjust policy / Environments Scotland, Centre Project recognised as one of the city’s area is included within and guidance. Audit what appraisal. Refresh the Implement projects projects Glasgow City Heritage Trust, / Short to Long prized assets. Consultees the Central Glasgow actions / guidance is or Conservation Area with secured funding. Glasgow Building Preservation Term overwhelmingly cite built heritage Conservation Area. is not currently adhered policy and guidance Implement a Central Trust, Scottish Civic Trust, as one of the best things Glasgow Built heritage enriches to. Consider preparing supplemented / replaced heritage interpretation others. city centre has. Glasgow, gives areas in Central specific guidance with Central area specific programme. the DRF distinctiveness to emphasise the area’s appraisal and guidance. However there is concern amongst and is crucial to the future distinctive historic identity. Scope out and develop many consultees that existing policy success of the area. Approach all owners of funding application to / enforcement is failing to secure historic buildings / sites support maintenance and sustainable long term uses for to evaluate potential to appreciation of Central’s historic buildings. Several heritage support / advise. Early built and social heritage. consultees highlighted the plight of focus on buildings at risk many buildings at risk, with concern (e.g. Egyptian Halls and that policy / support is insufficient. Lions Chambers) Many consultees feel there’s a lack of appreciation of the importance of the built heritage, and many buildings are poorly maintained.

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Impact / Reach / (Y)our Central Action Plan Immediate Short Term : Y1 Medium Term : Y2-Y4 Long Term : Y5+ Key Stakeholders Term Justification / Observations Lively Street fronts Active street frontages Confirm existing and new Maintain a dynamic map / Review and refine policy Review and refine Glasgow City Council - DRS High Impact / Quality active frontages are on principal routes, routes to have the greatest monitor of active frontage through implementation. policy through (supported by 3rd party review Local Project / fundamental to successful cities in line with IPG1 - focus for active frontage throughout DRF. Review Consider researching implementation / research). Liaison with Short to Medium and convivial streets. It is essential Placemaking Principle. (e.g. Argyle Street). Audit implementation of planning data re footfall / economic developers / land and building Term to monitor the condition and Ensure accessible / active existing building frontages. policy and areas for benefits in areas with owners / occupants and provide support / guidance to frontages on principal Identify missing pieces / redefinition / reinforcement successful implementation. architects building owners / developers to streets / spaces / routes areas for improvement. of policy. Scope out a ensure active street frontages are throughout Central DRF Test application of new shop front / street frontage introduced in the correct locations. - including along the river planning policy (DRF SPG) enhancement programme frontage. and pilot on Argyle Street.

Design Guidelines Needed For high profile sites / Review Central DRF Scope and procure design Adopt and apply Design Monitor and review Glasgow City Council - DRS Local Policy Restoring Argyle Street, enlivening streets or recurring issues recommendations. guidelines to augment Guidelines. Monitor and effectiveness and and NS, Historic Environment the River and locations around clear Design Guidelines Confirm locations that Central DRF and River Park review effectiveness. adjust guidelines Scotland, Architecture + Design Queen Street Station (from George are needed to ensure high warrant specific design masterplan. accordingly. Scotland Square to Buchanan Bus Station) quality design is applied to guidelines (e.g. Argyle are high priorities emerging Central’s regeneration. Street, area around Queen from the DRF, with widespread Street Station incl. George backing from consultees. It is Square / Buchanan essential that regeneration (place- Galleries / North Hanover making and place-mending) is Street / Buchanan Bus achieved to the highest standards Station, Central Business in these locations. Specific District) design guidelines are therefore recommended to give clear advice to designers, developers and planners.

Open up Buchanan Galleries Open up routes to and Establish dialogue with Commission and Make the business Complete and monitor Buchanan Galleries managers / High Impact /Local Consultees agreed with analysis through Shopping Centre stakeholders (especially conclude a feasibility case to implement the impacts of new owners Project / Short to confirming the extent to which the to connect the city centre Buchanan Galleries) to study / masterplan to recommendations of the routes. Long Term large mall severs north-south routes (George Square) with the review feasibility for access create linkages through feasibility study to integrate Glasgow City Council to and from the city centre and Buchanan Bus Station and routes / rights of way from the Shopping Centre (to/ restored routes in parallel Buchanan Bus Station. There was Cowcaddens. George Square / West from Queen Street Station with redeveloping the adjacent landowners / investors widespread support and interest George Street to Buchanan / Buchanan Bus Station) Shopping Centre and / developers in restoring these connections and Bus Station through the to improve connections to adjacent development at opening up the mall to be better shopping mall. Seek and and through the mall (to Queen Street Station (Y)our City Centre Pedestrian integrated within the city centre secure funding to develop increase footfall). Identify Champion street network and links to transport a Masterplan to restore any ‘quick wins’ and seek hubs. connections (and enhance to trial these. North Hanover Street) A better connected mall should assist (and benefit from) increased footfall.

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Impact / Reach / (Y)our Central Action Plan Immediate Short Term : Y1 Medium Term : Y2-Y4 Long Term : Y5+ Key Stakeholders Term Justification / Observations (Y)our Vibrant Central

Central DRF features Confirm DRF analysis of Procure and conclude a Monitor impact of each Ongoing monitoring. Glasgow City Council - DRS Local Policy / Analysis and consultation confirms approximately existing and proposed Masterplan for adoption / Masterplan (and any Planning that the City Centre Districts 5/6 distinctive neighbourhood promotion / coordination subsequent masterplans) (as defined in the City Centre neighbourhoods. This characteristics. Consider of regeneration of sites in Strategy) are composed of diversity should be need for further Central, Blythswood Hill, numerous neighbourhoods with celebrated and (where neighbourhood specific Central Business District, different characteristics. It was appropriate) reinforced or masterplans George Square / Queen widely accepted that proposals redefined. Street Station, St. Enoch should seek to retain and / Central Station. Confirm emphasise (where appropriate) brief for any additional the distinctiveness of each neighbourhoods out with neighbourhood, notably those that those noted above. are / need transforming.

Mixed and Repopulated Central

Increased mix of Review and confirm Conclude review of policies Continue to promote Continue to promote Glasgow City Council, High Impact / City Successful city centres succeed complementary uses analysis undertaken in and market research. / enable mixed use / enable mixed use landowners, Scottish Enterprise, Centre Project / on the basis of a positive mix necessary to ensure Central DRF. Identify gaps Identify barriers and development. Monitor development. Scottish Futures Trust, Long Term of appropriate uses. Analysis, Central and Gorbals in analysis and sources opportunities for delivering implementation and review developers / investors, Invest reinforced by consultation, confirms become lively urban city of relevant information mixed use development policy / procedures. Glasgow that many parts of the Central DRF centre neighbourhoods. on existing capacity and in Central DRF. Adjust area suffer because of a lack of This includes employment projected land-uses / policies / guidance mixed uses. Certain parts of the uses (e.g. business) and market demand / capacity. accordingly. Promote DRF area are either dominated by also increased residential Review existing policies in Central DRF area to enable a single land use or large scale population (see Re- terms of delivering mixed mixed use development / buildings (e.g. Buchanan Galleries) Populated Central below) use development. investment. which creates a ‘dead zone’ at certain time(s) of the day / week or have an unsuccessful mix of inappropriate uses

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Impact / Reach / (Y)our Central Action Plan Immediate Short Term : Y1 Medium Term : Y2-Y4 Long Term : Y5+ Key Stakeholders Term Justification / Observations Re-purpose vacant spaces / buildings (Y)our Stalled Spaces - Temporary / Meanwhile Uses / Events Continuous programme Map out current initiatives Adjust / refine / streamline Secure funding to Maintain (Y)our Glasgow City Council - (Y)our High Impact / Glasgow has developed a strong of events / temporary / (e.g. Stalled Spaces etc.). approvals processes / maintain the (Y)our Vacant Space Fixer Vacant Space Fixer, regulatory Local and City track record in using events and permanent interventions Obtain feedback from contact points at GCC for Vacant Space Fixer programme. Maintain bodies, landowners / building Centre projects / temporary ‘meanwhile’ uses to transform vacant property owners / groups advice to enable more team / posts. Maintain focus on reactivating owners, GCHT, existing and Short Term ‘Quick to enliven the city centre, trial and under-utilised sites interested in progressing activity. Adjust / refine focus on reactivating vacant buildings / potential events organisers (e.g. Win’ to Longer activities and seek to change / buildings in Central ideas. / streamline approvals vacant buildings / spaces spaces -proactively arts organisations), Term perceptions about parts of the city DRF. This could include; processes / contact points -proactively approaching approaching property centre. Central DRF area urgently temporary sports / play Outline job description / at GCC for advice to property owners / owners / occupiers. requires to be reimagined and spaces, temporary funding for (Y)our Vacant enable more activity. occupiers. have perceptions changed. Several gardens (Stalled Spaces), Space Fixer - to help Continue seasonal consultees indicating a willingness street festivals (food, light, enable /advice building Develop prioritised Deliver rolling programme cycle of events and to work with GCC to deliver events art), temporary take-over owners and occupants programme and fund of repurposing and events, activities throughout and progress upgrades of under- or longer term retrofitting how to repurpose property dedicated officer(s) to selected to encourage City Centre to enliven utilised buildings. of vacant buildings to (and secure funding coordinate and enable longer term regeneration underused space. revitalise derelict buildings / navigate statutory repurposing of underused of Central DRF. Continuous Focus on enabling existing events / buildings at risk. Focus processes). property > (Y)our Vacant review of effectiveness / Review impacts. and encouraging targeted new on vacant upper floors Space Fixers. Trial a scope for improvement. activities. and activating vacant Commence mapping of ‘Presumed Yes’ / ‘Green- retail units on principal candidate sites (vacant / Tape’ approach to enable streets (e.g. Argyle Street, under occupied buildings repurposing / events to Sauchiehall Street etc.) / sites - especially vacant occur. upper floors). Approach building owners Review funding / ‘red to explore scope to trial tape’ issues. Review new proactive way of effectiveness of existing tackling long term vacancy events programming. /dereliction.

Continue and conclude review of current events programming. Progress and deliver events / ideas in planning or emerging thru DRF.

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Impact / Reach / (Y)our Central Action Plan Immediate Short Term : Y1 Medium Term : Y2-Y4 Long Term : Y5+ Key Stakeholders Term Justification / Observations Experience shopping in central Support a high density, Review and confirm Conduct soft market Promote / market sites Continue to promote / Glasgow City Council, City Moderate Impact / Retail demand bolstered by mixed use urban district analysis in Central DRF testing on the scope to along Argyle Street / market sites / vacant Centre Retailers Association, City Centre Project increased residential and working with more residents a and proposed planning extend and diversify higher Sauchiehall Street / buildings for retail. Chamber of Commerce, / Medium to Long population in the DRF area as part greater variety of shops, policy. Review available quality retail offer east Riverfront with ground floor St Enoch Centre, existing Term of a mixed use quarter. located in optimum Retail Market analysis / along Argyle Street and retail as part of land use business, landowners / locations to support and strategies. west along Sauchiehall mix. Trial temporary events investors / developers, property generate footfall / activity. Street. Scope out / / retail uses and monitor agents Supports Lively Street conduct property analysis impacts / proof concepts. fronts. of potential functions in Continue dialogue with all Central DRF area. parties involved in policy and delivery.

Culture in Central Central DRF is home to Map existing active cultural Establish a forum Implement and monitor Implement and Cultural instutions, art High Impact / Consultees appreciate the internationally renowned assets in the area. for the arts / cultural impact. Adjust, refine and monitor impact. community, Creative Scotland, Regional project established national and arts and culture institutions community to network reprogramme. Adjust, refine and Glasgow Life, Glasgow City / Short to Long internationally renowned cultural and venues. It is essential and share programmes reprogramme. Council Term assets in the Central DRF area. to retain and augment / opportunities to It was also highlighted that they these and benefit from the collaborate. Develop a would benefit from additional cultural connections. Central DRF area cultural funding and support to network and programme. collaborate even more effectively to strengthen audience connection Seek funding to implement and reach.

208 209 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL ACTION PLAN ACTION PLAN (Y)our Vibrant Central Action Plan

Impact / Reach / (Y)our Central Action Plan Immediate Short Term : Y1 Medium Term : Y2-Y4 Long Term : Y5+ Key Stakeholders Term Justification / Observations Community Infrastructure To support a vibrant, Confirm initial mapping Review applicable Adjust policy / investment Ongoing Community Planning High Impact / City In anticipation of an increased city mixed urban district with of existing and planned policies for infrastructure plans according to implementation and Partnership - lead, Glasgow City Project / Short to centre population (resident, working distinctive neighbourhoods amenities. Assess any investment, developer updated projects. Monitor monitoring. Council, Community Councils, Long Term and visitor) it is vital to assess with a growing population spare capacity, catchment contributions and effectiveness of any early Scottish Futures Trust, NHS, and plan to address any identified the provision of appropriate and the potential and any relevant existing adjustments. Implement Emergency Services, Public shortfall in provision of community amenities (including projected increases in / emerging models new policies / investment Sector bodies with estate in infrastructure. Any discussions community infrastructure, resident and working to assist in delivering plans. central Glasgow. and analysis regarding increased education, health and population envisaged enhanced community city centre living also highlighted social care, recreation / for Central DRF area. infrastructure / amenities. the need to provide the facilities leisure space) is vital. Commence supply / Conclude supply / demand required of an increased population demand projections to projections to scope density in central Glasgow. scope out potential gaps in out existing / potential provision. Review existing gaps in provision. Adjust policies / planned public policy / investment plans sector investment in and according to updated around Glasgow city projects. centre.

210 211 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL ACTION PLAN ACTION PLAN Transforming (Y)our Central Action Plan

Impact / Reach / (Y)our Central Action Plan Immediate Short Term : Y1 Medium Term : Y2-Y4 Long Term : Y5+ Key Stakeholders Term Justification / Observations Transforming (Y)our Central Sustainable Central Central / Gorbals Review opportunities for Procure and conclude Monitor impact of each Ongoing Glasgow City Council - DRS Local Policy / Glasgow has developed regeneration should pilot integrating sustainable each neighbourhood Masterplan and associated implementation / Scottish Government, Planning progressive strategies for future- new ways to integrate urbanism / planning into Masterplan, with specific energy masterplan and monitoring. Universities proofing the city (e.g. surface sustainable urban solutions area regeneration (e.g.. engineering advice on general sustainable energy providers / utilities, High Impact / water management, resilience, (Low carbon, climate Queen Street Station / sustainable urbanism and urbanism advice. businesses / new tech Long Term etc.). These need to be properly change adaptive etc.) Buchanan Galleries etc.). an energy masterplan, for companies, landowners, integrated into detailed masterplans in central Glasgow that adoption / promotion of Climate Ready Clyde for priority areas. Central is one of can be applied across all Seek Scottish Government sites. the highest priority regeneration DRFs. support to test / trial sites in central Glasgow, with innovations in urban several potential sites to innovate energy masterplanning. and pilot the technical implications of this approach.

Technical consultees were very supportive on an holistic and integrated approach to pioneer new ways to enable low carbon regeneration in the city centre.

Smart Central Translating pilot projects Review specific findings Progress data sharing Progress / pilot (Y)our Ongoing Smart City Strategy Board, High Impact / Following the Future City emerging from Future City of Central DRF review of and analysis across Smart Central action plan implementation / Glasgow City Council, National Project Demonstrator project, Glasgow Demonstrator project into Smart Cities solutions key partners (GCC, with Smart City Strategy monitoring. Urban Big Data Centre, / Short to Long has a platform to develop a local DRFs. Development and technology. Review Universities, Marketing Board. Implement and City Observatory, Glasgow Term progressive and integrated smart of a (Y)our Smart City ‘maturity models’ and Bureau (Glasgow Life), monitor impacts. Marketing Bureau (Glasgow cities action plan. There exists a Action plan of projects cross check with ongoing others). Agree (Y) Life), 3rd party’s datasets, significant dataset and expertise to embed into public initiatives with newly our Smart Central action within Glasgow to capitalise on realm and development established Smart City plan and funding / this investment to integrate Smart investment. Strategy Board. Coordinate responsibilities with Smart City thinking and technology to sharing of dataset / City Strategy Board. help assess impacts and confirm knowledge between GCC, Implement and monitor priorities for future investment. city’s Universities (Urban impacts. Big Data Centre, City Observatory etc.) and others

212 213 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL ACTION PLAN ACTION PLAN Transforming (Y)our Central Action Plan

Impact / Reach / (Y)our Central Action Plan Immediate Short Term : Y1 Medium Term : Y2-Y4 Long Term : Y5+ Key Stakeholders Term Justification / Observations Central Brand Beyond the St Enoch Review current status Procure and conclude Implement brand Ongoing Invest Glasgow, Marketing High Impact / Many consultees / stakeholders Shopping Centre and of marketing / branding development of Central guidance. Promote Central implementation / Bureau (Glasgow Life), Glasgow Local Project / reflected that the area /name is Merchant City place for Central. Scope out branding to align with - update collateral etc. monitoring. City Council, Glasgow Chamber Short to Medium dominated by the Shopping Centre branding Central DRF a campaign / brief for a new Masterplan for the Monitor impacts. of Commerce Term and any refocussed promotion area (and it’s constituent refreshed / focussed area area. Liaise with existing of development sites should be parts) should be vigorously branding. investors / landowner / accompanied by updated branding, promoted via a wider re- developers. Launch (Y)our which may be even more location / branding of Glasgow City Central branding. project specific given how diverse Centre as a place to invest, the Central DRF area is. live and do business.

Central Performance Monitor Monitor progress and Review existing KPIs for Trial and finalise monitoring Adopt monitoring regime. Ongoing City Centre Strategy Board, Procedure / Policy To enable key partners to review effectiveness of this Action monitoring delivery of City regime. Consider scope to Review applicability. Roll implementation / Glasgow City Council progress in delivering / updating Plan with reference to Centre Strategy, City Deal, dovetail with Smart Cities out for all DRFs monitoring using Short Term this Action Plan it is vital to establish specific key performance etc. Scope out KPIs for agenda / action plan. KPIs. Audit / review KPIs. The measures of success indicators. Central DRF based upon monitoring regime. need to be SMART (Specific, DRF Objectives. Measurable, Attainable, Relevant, and Time-Bound)

Central Conservation Area Focussed redefinition of Review and agree Undertake Conservation Update Conservation Ongoing Glasgow City Council, Historic Local Policy Many consultees highlighted the Central DRF conservation recommendation of Area appraisal to identify Area policies. Implement implementation / Environment Scotland, GBPT, significance of Central DRF area’s area within Central a Conservation Area new approaches to findings of review reference application of policy. GCHT High Impact / heritage. It creates a distinctiveness Conservation Area. Appraisal, seeking a heritage buildings in awareness / interpretation Monitor impacts. National Project / for Central and connection to it’s specific Central DRF area the 2020s. Identify of Central built / social Ongoing merchant / social history. Many felt focus. demonstration projects for heritage. that there is a need to refresh and long term vacant buildings apply the policy framework as it with owners. Promote exists. awareness of social and built heritage

214 215 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL ACTION PLAN ACTION PLAN Transforming (Y)our Central Action Plan

Impact / Reach / (Y)our Central Action Plan Immediate Short Term : Y1 Medium Term : Y2-Y4 Long Term : Y5+ Key Stakeholders Term Justification / Observations Central Heritage Property Fund Develop and manage a Confirm principles with Publicise & promote fund, Complete two priority Complete additional Glasgow City Heritage Trust, High Impact / Several consultees reflected on heritage property funding Glasgow City Heritage identify priority projects projects & deliver six two priority projects & Glasgow City Council, Owners Local Project/ the slow progress to secure long package for grant support Trust/GCC and identify (e.g. buildings at risk) successful funding deliver four successful of heritage buildings, Historic Medium Term term uses for buildings at risk in the toward bringing heritage funds. Undertake appraisal applications. Review. funding applications. Environments Scotland area (e.g. Egyptian Halls). Fresh buildings back into use. To and draft fund guidelines approaches to secure Central’s include proactive planning/ heritage asset would be welcomed conservation/building regs by stakeholders. advice and match funding . Scope for pilot in Central to demonstrate best practice

Night-Time Central Programme of events / Review recent/existing Scope out potential Continue to deliver and Continue to monitor Glasgow City Council, High Impact / Many consultees, including building trials to redefine Central events / activities and seasonal events / activities monitor impacts of impacts and Community Safety Glasgow, Local Project / occupiers / owners flagged up the as an attractive, safe and scope out potential (refer to (Y)our Temporary temporary activities / deliver enhanced buildings owners / occupiers, ‘Quick Win’ Short lack of safe and attractive evening quality evening destination partners for future events. / Meanwhile Uses above) seasonal events. Measure programme. community councils, Creative Term economy in the area. Several Liaise with community - develop funding / success and seek to Scotland, Glasgow Life, indicated desire to support / deliver safety / policing re sponsorship to secure enliven Central and Retailers and Hoteliers events / activities to trial what could issues relating to events initial first year programme improve marketability of Associations, VisitScotland, work in Central. management and safety. and implement activities. area for further investment. Police Scotland Monitor impacts and obtain Many consultees indicated that feedback. Use evidence Central needs to be redefined as base to make the case for a riverfront destination for evening forward funding for further economy and that this would assist events in Central. in retaining / attracting business and future residents / investment to the area.

Clean and Well Maintained Central Street cleanliness and Review finding of Confirm minimum Continue to monitor Continue to monitor Glasgow City Council, building High Impact / City One of the most frequently maintenance is a high Operational Services standards / KPIs for KPIs (and applicability of KPIs and review owners / occupiers, SEPA Centre Project / recurring issues raised by public priority issue. Getting SWOT analysis and street cleaning and measures of successful monitoring system. ‘Quick Win’ Short consultees is the maintenance and the basics right is vital to feedback from DRF maintenance. Review and performance). Seek Term to Long Term cleanliness of streets throughout refresh Glaswegians’ and consultation processes. monitor implementation updated feedback annually central Glasgow. Notwithstanding visitor’s perceptions of Review recent changes and compliance with from public and city centre investment in public realm most Glasgow city centre. in street cleaning, waste KPIs. Assess scope for stakeholders to monitor consultees complained about the management and Smart City and other environmental quality and poor quality of streets in Glasgow. maintenance. new processes to pilot public satisfaction. Enhanced maintenance is a high new ways of working to priority issue for most consultees. enhance outcomes.

216 217 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL ACTION PLAN ACTION PLAN Transforming (Y)our Central Action Plan

Impact / Reach / (Y)our Central Action Plan Immediate Short Term : Y1 Medium Term : Y2-Y4 Long Term : Y5+ Key Stakeholders Term Justification / Observations Dedicated Central Team Dedicated staff resource Develop business case Appoint dedicated Monitor impacts. Extend Monitor impacts. Glasgow City Council and High Impact / Evidence from elsewhere, to drive Central DRF to secure funding for officer(s) to lead / remit as appropriate. Extend remit as project partners Quick Win combined with observations of regeneration - working with dedicated officer(s) to take coordinate regeneration in appropriate. available resource, indicate that City Centre team and with forward DRF Action Plan. Central DRF. Establish KPIs additional staff / expertise is specific focus on Central Could involve the formation and monitor impacts. required to support City Centre DRF area. of an Arm’s Length Strategy team and project External Organisation / partners to coordinate delivery Joint Venture dedicated of the ambitions of the DRFs. specifically to Central DRF Regeneration in Central will require area regeneration. a higher level of public sector intervention to deliver sustained change.

218 219 Project Team

Client - Glasgow City Council Lead designer, strategy Local consultant, Local designer

Connectivity, spatial Property market Socio-economic Community animation, economics consultants regeneration consultants engagement

Gerry Grams

Smart city consultants Strategic city design Engineering advice Cost consultants adviser