E PL UR UM IB N U U S Congressional Record United States th of America PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE 104 CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION

Vol. 141 WASHINGTON, WEDNESDAY, MAY 24, 1995 No. 87 House of Representatives

The House met at 10 a.m. bers of the prohibition of clause 3 of Here are a few examples of what I am f rule XXXII against former Members talking about: The International Insti- obtaining floor privileges during the tute for the Unification of Private PRAYER pendency of a matter in which they Law, the International Office of Vine The Chaplain, Rev. James David have a personal or pecuniary interest, and Wine, the Permanent International Ford, D.D., offered the following pray- emphasizing that the test for whether Association of Road Congresses, the er: the rule is being violated is the former Colombo Plan Council for Technical We pray, gracious God, that we will Member’s status as one with a personal Cooperation, and the International not be content simply to follow old or pecuniary interest rather than their Natural Rubber Study Organization. paths and repeat meaningless patterns, intent to lobby. On that occasion All of these programs have two but that our hearts and minds would be Speaker Foley also admonished former things in common: They are funded by open to new adventures and new oppor- Members from importuning the door- the American taxpayer and they need tunities of service. May Your good keepers to waive the restrictions of the desperately to be unfunded by the Spirit breathe into our souls a rule, since the Chair may not even rec- American taxpayer. Mr. Speaker, we realize that the Fed- freshness that cleanses our ideas, our ognize a unanimous-consent request to eral Government cannot continue hopes, and our dreams and may we do so. spending money as if there were no to- truly look to Your guidance for the The Chair is taking this opportunity morrow, and we can no longer afford days ahead. Teach us to grow in Your to reiterate the guidelines first an- overseas extravagance. It is time to grace and trust in Your goodness, this nounced by Speaker O’Neill under streamline bureaucracy and eliminate day and every day. Amen. clause 3 of rule XXXII on January 6, 1977, and again on June 7, 1978, and by the proliferation of silly named pro- f Speaker Foley last year in order to dis- grams that have no real purpose and no THE JOURNAL courage former Members from at- real need to exist. The American Over- tempting to exercise their limited floor seas Interests Act will reduce our mon- The SPEAKER. The Chair has exam- privileges when they find themselves etary aid commitments overseas to one ined the Journal of the last day’s pro- under this restriction and to remind percent of the Federal budget, much ceedings and announces to the House former Members that the prohibition more in line with what the American his approval thereof. extends beyond the floor to rooms lead- people want us to do in this Congress. Pursuant to clause 1, rule I, the Jour- ing thereto, such as the Speaker’s f nal stands approved. lobby and the respective Cloakrooms. HOUSE REPUBLICANS FAVOR TAX f f CUTS FOR WEALTHY PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE ANNOUNCEMENT BY THE SPEAKER (Mr. GEPHARDT asked and was The SPEAKER. Will the gentleman RELATIVE TO 1-MINUTES given permission to address the House from North Carolina [Mr. JONES] come The SPEAKER. The Chair will take for 1 minute and to revise and extend forward and lead the House in the 20 1-minutes on each side. his remarks.) Pledge of Allegiance. f Mr. GEPHARDT. Mr. Speaker, now Mr. JONES led the Pledge of Alle- that the Republicans have forced their giance as follows: VINE AND WINE budget resolution through this House, I pledge allegiance to the Flag of the (Mrs. SEASTRAND asked and was it is easy to get lost in a sea of num- United States of America, and to the Repub- given permission to address the House bers and statistics—to forget about the lic for which it stands, one Nation under for 1 minute and to revise and extend impact this trickle-down travesty will God, indivisible, with liberty and justice for her remarks.) have on the hard-working people of all. Mrs. SEASTRAND. Mr. Speaker, over America. f the last 30 years, the Federal Govern- But I cannot forget—because every ment has become far too generous with time I walk the streets of my district ANNOUNCEMENT BY THE SPEAKER the taxpayer’s money. Washington bu- in St. Louis, I meet the people who RELATIVE TO FLOOR PRIVI- reaucrats not satisfied with wasting stand to lose health care benefits, pen- LEGES OF FORMER MEMBERS money on domestic programs find new sion benefits, and student loans—all to The SPEAKER. On June 9, 1994, and inventive ways to waste it in other pay for a tax cut for the wealthy that Speaker Foley reminded former Mem- countries. is so unfair, so unnecessary, so

b This symbol represents the time of day during the House proceedings, e.g., b 1407 is 2:07 p.m. Matter set in this typeface indicates words inserted or appended, rather than spoken, by a Member of the House on the floor.

H 5485 H 5486 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE May 24, 1995 unaffordable that even a Republican Mr. DOGGETT. Mr. Speaker, perhaps REPUBLICANS TO STUDENTS: Senate rejected it. my colleague from Arizona had best di- NEED HELP? FORGET IT This is a picture of Shawn D’Abreu, a rect his remarks to his Republican col- (Mr. GONZALEZ asked and was given student at Webster University in St. leagues in the U.S. Senate. You see, permission to address the House for 1 Louis. He depends on student loans, as yesterday they did a little heart sur- minute and to revise and extend his re- well as college grants and a part-time gery over in the U.S. Senate. Yes, my marks.) job, to pay his way through college. To colleague from Texas, PHIL GRAMM, Mr. GONZALEZ. Mr. Speaker, Amer- lose any part of his financial aid pack- said the heart, the very heart of this ica is the place that invented mass edu- age could put Shawn’s college career in budget resolution was a tax cut for the cation, and that is one thing that made jeopardy, forcing him to delay his de- privileged. this the great country that it is. gree, or find some source of outside in- PARLIAMENTARY INQUIRY For the past 50 years, great programs come to make up the difference. Mr. LINDER. Mr. Speaker, I have a like the GI bill and the Student Loan Under the new Republican budget parliamentary inquiry. Program have opened the doors of op- plan, Shawn would have his student The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. portunity to generations of kids from loan cut by about $5,000. That is a cut BONILLA). The gentleman will state it. poor, struggling families. The strong- he simply cannot afford to sustain. Mr. LINDER. Mr. Speaker, is it ap- est, richest, most progressive regions If you ask me, a budget that sac- propriate under the rules to address in America are those regions where a rifices Shawn’s college education to specific actions taken in the other fine education is within the reach of line the pockets of the wealthy is a body? every worthy student, no matter how dangerous reversal of priorities. The The SPEAKER pro tempore. The poor that student might be. Republicans want to let billionaires re- Chair advises Members that they One would think that with millions nounce their citizenship and pay no should avoid references to Members of of success stories, and one would think taxes. But Shawn, who is the very fu- the other body. that with all the lessons of history, the ture of this country, gets stuck with Mr. DOGGETT. Yesterday the U.S. Republicans would conclude that edu- the bill. Senate chose to perform heart surgery. cation ought to get a very high prior- That is what the Republicans voted Sixty-nine Members, including 23 Re- ity. for—tax cuts for the wealthy, and stu- publicans in that body, decided to re- Nope. The Republicans want to stran- dent loan cuts for struggling young move from the budget resolution any gle very form of student aid. They people like Shawn. If you ask me, the tax cut for the privileged. That is good want to add thousands of dollars to the Senate had it right: That kind of reck- news for Americans. We are still not cost of student loans, and make deep less redistribution of income is just there. We still do not have a reasonable cuts in every other kind of student aid. plain wrong, and has no place in the budget resolution, but the fact that Hundreds of thousands of deserving United States of America. that heart surgery occurred over there kids will find it impossible to afford a f in the Senate with joint bipartisan par- good college education. ticipation to add some reason to the In my district alone there are almost 33,000 HOUSE REPUBLICANS FAVOR budget resolution speaks volumes for students who need student loans to make it FISCAL SANITY Medicare recipients, speaks volumes through school. Losing the interest rate benefit (Mr. HAYWORTH asked and was for young people in this country, cer- will cost them millions of dollars. Since my dis- given permission to address the House tainly speaks to the needs of Tina Hen- trict is among the Nation's poorest, many of for 1 minute and to revise and extend derson and her daughter Erica in my those kids will lose their best chance for a de- his remarks.) district who stand to lose substantially cent life. Mr. HAYWORTH. Mr. Speaker, once on student loans and student assist- The Republican message to them is that again the distinguished minority lead- ance, if the budget resolution the hard work and studious habits do not pay. The er has given us ample evidence as to House passed is ever written into law. Republican message to the 50 per cent of kids why my friends on the other side of the f who need help to go to college is forget it. As aisle will remain in the minority. I am a social policy it is tragic. As an economic pol- sorry I did not blow up this picture as CONGRESS ACTS TO OVERHAUL icy, it is foolish. Our Government has assisted did the distinguished minority leader, FOREIGN AID POLICY education as a high priority since the North- but I have here a picture of my three (Mr. JONES asked and was given per- west Ordinance of 1789. George Washington children. mission to address the House for 1 must be embarrassed to see the Republican My oldest daughter is Nicole. She is minute.) budget. preparing to go to Arizona State Uni- Mr. JONES. Mr. Speaker, this week, f versity and Nicole is very interested in Congress has the opportunity to vote getting a student loan. But Nicole is on legislation which would put Amer- IN SUPPORT OF THE AMERICAN happy to step up and pay an extra 68 ican interests first. The American OVERSEAS INTERESTS ACT cents a day if it will help us restore fis- Overseas Interests Act overhauls our (Ms. ROS-LEHTINEN asked and was cal sanity in this country. Nation’s foreign aid policy to reflect given permission to address the House To my friends on the other side of our foreign policy and national secu- for 1 minute and to revise and extend the aisle, again I appeal to you, please rity interests in the 1990’s, not the her remarks.) quit trying to play this baseless class 1950’s. It defends our national security Ms. ROS-LEHTINEN. Mr. Speaker, warfare game. Put your shoulder to the and supports our trade and economic the Committee on International Rela- wheel and help us govern, because this interests while balancing the budget tions, under the excellent leadership of is not about redistribution of wealth, for our children’s future. our chairman, BEN GILMAN, has this is about saving a republic from fis- We draw a line between offering a brought to the floor a bill that com- cal disaster, and it is incumbent upon helping hand to countries which sup- bines wise policy guidance with sound all of us to answer this clarion call to port us and countries who choose to fiscal discipline. save this country, including students work against our interests. We send a The bill represents a substantial cut- willing to pay an additional 68 cents a bold statement to our enemies by cut- back in the level of discretionary day because that is the average they ting off funds to countries that spy on spending proposed by the administra- would pay in an increase on their stu- us, provide weapons to terrorist states tion in its 1996 budget request. dent loan. and consistently vote against us in the It is fair that the foreign affairs pro- f United Nations. grams of this Government join with Most importantly, it eliminates the domestic programs in making the HEART SURGERY IN THE OTHER three foreign policy agencies and cuts sacrifices that are necessary to bring BODY foreign aid spending by nearly $1 bil- our Federal budget into balance by the (Mr. DOGGETT asked and was given lion. Finally, it sends a message to year 2002. permission to address the House for 1 neighbors around the world that we It is the administration’s responsibil- minute.) know ‘‘we cannot buy friendship.’’ ity to manage the program entrusted May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H 5487 to it so that these cutbacks in funding Today, I am reintroducing a series of This bill cuts foreign aid spending by levels produce a leaner and more effec- bills designed to level the playing field $3 billion over 2 years and $21 billion tive set of programs. between incumbent and challenger. My over 7 years, while serving our national I am convinced that with better man- four bills would reduce the influence of security needs and international eco- agement and more cost-consciousness, special interest PAC’s, ban leadership nomic interests, and providing humani- these cuts can be absorbed without PAC’s, reinstate the tax credit for in- tarian assistance for people who have major harm to our overseas interests. State contributors, and require that been hit by disaster and cannot provide We have allowed the Administration residents of a candidate’s district ac- for themselves. a great deal of management flexibility count for a clear majority of the can- By maintaining support for the Camp to make these program changes. didate’s contributions. David accords, we are signaling the op- Mr. Speaker, I commend the chair- If my colleagues want to restore pub- ponents of peace in the Middle East as man for the responsible bill he has lic confidence in the election process, well as radical fundamentalists work- brought to the floor and urge its adop- improve membership turnover, and en- ing to undermine other countries in tion. sure elected representatives are held the Middle East that are friendly to f more accountable to their constitu- the United States, that our resolve to stay the course remains firm. THE AMERICAN WORKER ents. I invite them to join me in co- sponsoring these campaign finance re- Our international relations measure (Mr. TRAFICANT asked and was form measures. punishes our adversaries by cutting off given permission to address the House f aid to countries that provide weapons for 1 minute and to revise and extend to terrorist states and that consist- his remarks.) ETHICS COMMITTEE ACTION ently vote against us in the United Na- Mr. TRAFICANT. Mr. Speaker, Boe- LOOKS LIKE A POLITICAL tions. ing Corp. needs profits. So guess what? COVERUP It is a sound bill, in the interests of Boeing will get rid of 12,000 workers. (Mr. POMEROY asked and was given Government reform. I urge my col- That is right. The new American econ- leagues to support it. omy: Companies need profits, compa- permission to address the House for 1 nies get rid of American workers, com- minute and to revise and extend his re- f marks.) panies make more money, Government A 1988 QUOTATION BY THE CUR- Mr. POMEROY. Mr. Speaker, when says, companies are strong, Govern- RENT SPEAKER OF THE HOUSE ment says the economy is improving. ethics charges are filed against a Mem- Beam me up. In the words of Larry, ber, the public has the right to have (Mr. GUTIERREZ asked and was Moe, and Curly, thank God for Ronald the absolute assurance that the given permission to address the House McDonald, ladies and gentlemen. These charges are investigated and appro- for 1 minute and to revise and extend companies are lean and mean all right, priate action taken. Appropriate ac- his remarks.) but the problem is the American work- tion, as I see it, could even include dis- Mr. GUTIERREZ. Mr. Speaker, I ers have liens on their homes, without missal of the charges and sanctions would like to explain why the Speak- means to pay the mortgages. against those who filed the charges if er’s alleged ethics violations require a Where do we go from here? Four fifty they were found to be frivolous and full and thorough investigation. an hour. Congress, Ronald McDonald malicious. But, I do not think I can say any- does not have enough jobs to take care I, therefore, cannot understand why thing original. of the American workers’ problems in the Ethics Committee, on a party line Someone already said it best 7 years this country. Congress better take a vote, rejected the call for an outside ago here on the House floor. look at this new economy because counsel to investigate the charges cur- Let me first read the quote from 1988, there is not a job left. I only pray to rently pending against the Speaker of and then you guess who said it. God that these companies do not have the House, the gentleman from Geor- I quote: a record year; do you know what I gia, NEWT GINGRICH. If the charges are The rules normally applied by the Ethics mean? frivolous, no action could dispel the Committee to an investigation of a typical stigma which presently exists more Member are insufficient in an investigation f of the Speaker of the House * * * the sec- clearly. If the charges are serious, then b ond-most powerful elected position in Amer- 1015 each of us, regardless of party, ought ica. Clearly this investigation has to meet a CAMPAIGN FINANCE REFORM to support the appropriate handling of higher standard of public accountability MEASURES them. *** the integrity of the House is at stake. In the meantime, the public is think- (Mr. CLINGER asked and was given OK—who said it? Sound familiar? ing, I believe, if there is nothing to permission to address the House for 1 Well, here is a hint—he is from Geor- hide, what is the problem with an out- minute and to revise and extend his re- gia. side counsel. Instead, the Ethics Com- marks.) And, he has got a big office. Mr. CLINGER. Mr. Speaker, the mittee action to date begins to look Yes, the speaker of that quote is the American people are sick and tired of like a political coverup of serious current Speaker of the House: Con- lopsided elections that allow politi- charges. We will not restore confidence gressman NEWT GINGRICH. cians to return to office year after year in Government if this troubling prob- Well, here is a chance for the Speaker regardless of their performance. The lem continues to exist. to put his money where his mouth is— overwhelming reelection advantages of f or, at least, where it was. incumbents have left many American Simply ask your hand-picked Ethics MEMBERS URGED TO SUPPORT voters feeling that entrenched politi- Committee to select an outside counsel THE AMERICAN OVERSEAS IN- cians are rarely held accountable to with broad powers, just as you wanted TERESTS ACT those they represent. in 1988. Many frustrated Americans have (Mr. GILMAN asked and was given The moral is this: You have to live identified term limits as a way of permission to address the House for 1 by the words you speak, even when you bringing Government closer to the peo- minute and to revise and extend his re- are the Speaker. ple, but the term limits movement has marks.) f been put on hold after its defeat in the Mr. GILMAN. Mr. Speaker, the House House and the Supreme Court decision today is scheduled to continue our EIGHTY-ONE PERCENT OF AMERI- handed down this week. work on the American Overseas Inter- CANS WANT DRAMATIC CUTS IN If the 104th Congress wants to ad- ests Act—a bill designed to reform and FOREIGN AID dress the heart of the public’s con- reorganize and downsize our Nation’s (Mr. BAKER of California asked and cerns, we must adopt real campaign fi- foreign affairs operations so that we was given permission to address the nance reform that improves the com- can better serve our international in- House for 1 minute and to revise and petitiveness of congressional races. terests in the years ahead. extend his remarks.) H 5488 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE May 24, 1995 Mr. BAKER of California. Mr. Speak- gual education in the Republican budg- to the growing number of welfare recipients. er, while the liberal Democrats are at- et. These two children in this picture I might have to become one. I do not see how tacking the Speaker of the House, we are from the Love Elementary School student aid cuts will help our economy at all are going to go on and change the gov- in the Heights area of Houston. Love in the long run. ernment because the people last No- has an incredible success rate in the bi- Mr. Speaker, I agree with Carissa. vember demanded change. They want lingual program at their school The f changes in foreign aid. The liberal es- children are learning English, they are A FRIENDLY WAGER: THE HOUS- tablishment here in Washington is not excelling in their studies, and the pro- TON ROCKETS VERSUS THE real fond of change. They do not ap- gram works. The students are continu- SPURS prove of things like balanced budgets ing into junior and senior high. But, or fiscal responsibility. For years, now, they will not if we pass the Republican (Ms. JACKSON-LEE asked and was liberals and Washington bureaucrats budget because it cuts education fund- given permission to address the House have made piles of money of the Amer- ing. for 1 minute and to revise and extend ican taxpayer. f her remarks.) Last November, Americans clearly Ms. JACKSON-LEE. Mr. Speaker, rejected the status quo here in Wash- CHINA SHOULD NOT HAVE MOST- yesterday I fought against student loan ington. They rejected deficit spending, FAVORED-NATION STATUS cuts, but today I ask for a moment of and they told Congress to balance their (Mr. WOLF asked and was given per- personal privilege. As spring proceeds, budget and end the bureaucratic spend- mission to address the House for 1 Mr. Speaker, many say that the hearts ing spree. minute and to revise and extend his re- of Americans turn to the boys of sum- This week, Congress will have a marks.) mer. Mr. Speaker, the hearts of Texans chance to make some fundamental Mr. WOLF. Mr. Speaker, I suspect turn to the boys of the B-ball; that is changes in our foreign assistance pro- that when we are gone, the administra- basketball. grams. We will scale back foreign aid tion will announce they are going to Therefore, Mr. Speaker, who I under- and eliminate wasteful agencies. Clear- give China MFN. We should know sev- stand is from San Antonio, a friendly ly this is an opportunity to dramati- eral things: one, persecution has in- wager is in order. That is that the cally restructure international in- creased. Catholic priests have been ar- Houston Rockets will take this series volvement, making it more account- rested; on Easter Monday a Catholic in 7. I wonder, does the Speaker have able to the American taxpayers and priest was taken away. On Maundy the right stuff to accept this wager, the more responsive to American interests. Thursday they raided a house church. loser having to provide reasonable pen- Less than 10 percent cut this year in Violations of human rights have in- alty for the loss to our respective con- foreign aid. That is disgraceful. It is creased. The Gulags have increased. stituents. I wonder, does he have the not even hors d’oeuvres. Placing AID Most of the people watching this today right stuff to accept this wager? under the State Department is like giv- are wearing clothing made perhaps in The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. ing your mother to the post office. This Gulags, but since that time, we have BONILLA). If the gentlewoman will bill needs work. Eighty-one percent of found out two additional things. We yield, I thank her, and I would like to the American people want dramatic now know conclusively that they are say I accept the challenge with great cuts in foreign aid, and we have not shooting 25-year-old men and taking enthusiasm, and I am sure that my fel- done it. This bill is just the beginning. their kidneys and selling them for low Texan shares the pride that we all When it goes to conference, this bill $25,000. We have conclusive proof. I have in our State in watching two needs tremendous cuts. urge anyone who wants to see it to Texas teams battle it out to represents f come to my office and I will show the West in the NBA finals. them. I, as a Spurs ticket holder for many PLEASE DO NOT CUT FUNDING The, last week, we found out in Chi- years, will be rooting with my heart FOR EDUCATION: IT IS AMERI- nese hospitals they are selling aborted and soul for the San Antonio Spurs, CA’S FUTURE fetuses, aborted babies, for food to eat. and I know the gentlewoman will be (Mr. GENE GREEN of Texas asked When this Congress has an opportunity doing the same for the Houston Rock- and was given permission to address to vote on MFN, I ask Members to ets, but regardless of who wins, I am the House for 1 minute and to revise think in terms, do they want to give a sure that she shares my pride in know- and extend his remarks.) country like that MFN when they are ing that there will be a Texas team Mr. GENE GREEN of Texas. Mr. selling aborted babies for eating and represented in the NBA finals. Speaker, I rise today to object to the killing people for kidney transplants? Ms. JACKSON-LEE. We are on, Mr. budget put forth by the majority Re- These are the things that the Nazis did, Speaker. publicans as it relates to education and we would never give MFN to Nazi f cuts. The majority Republicans have Germany. FOREIGN AID been saying for the past few weeks that f their budget is one for the children of (Mrs. WALDHOLTZ asked and was America. REPUBLICANS SHOULD NOT CUT given permission to address the House Honestly, Mr. Speaker, their drastic THE STUDENT LOAN PROGRAM for 1 minute and to revise and extend budget cut slams the door in the face of (Mr. OLVER asked and was given her remarks.) our children. Many young people today permission to address the House for 1 Mrs. WALDHOLTZ. Mr. Speaker, see education as their only way to be- minute.) speaking as a jazz fan, wait until next come part of the middle class, and they Mr. OLVER. Mr. Speaker, I have year. But today, we will continue de- are right. If we cut title I funding, if we studied the Republican budget. I have bating the American Overseas Act. cut bilingual funding, if we cut na- seen the charts and the graphs. I have This act takes bold steps to downsize tional service assistance, if we cut stu- seen the Republicans cut student loans the Federal bureaucracy, and at the dent loans, if we cut job training, with one hand to give a huge tax cut to same time make the United States where are they going to get the edu- the wealthiest Americans with the more responsive to a rapidly changing cation and training they need to earn a other hand. world. decent income and become taxpaying Carissa Guertin of Fitchburg State Critics of this bill have said that this citizens? College in Massachusetts has seen it, is America turning inward, withdraw- It does not save taxes next century too. She says student loan cuts might ing from the rest of the world. In fact, by cutting education today. Our chil- take her out of college. Carissa writes, however, this is America opening its dren will not have a job in the next and I quote: eyes and squarely facing both our need century to pay taxes if they do not I am the first in my family to actually go to balance the budget and to respond to have access to a good education today. to college. Without student aid, I will be a very different and changing world. Mr. Speaker, I am particularly con- forced to quit college and try to get a job Our foreign affairs agencies were cre- cerned about the elimination of bilin- without a degree. This may cause me to add ated during the cold war, when we had May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H 5489 to work to outbid the Soviet Union to CRUEL CUTS IN STUDENT body out there in real life places out- buy friends abroad. Now, in a new post- FINANCIAL AID side of Washington needs a helping cold-war world that is fundamentally (Mr. DEFAZIO asked and was given hand. We should care enough, even if different from the old one, our foreign permission to address the House for 1 nobody else does, to help them to make affairs apparatus is too big and out- minute.) their American dream come true by dated. Mr. DEFAZIO. Mr. Speaker, I come to getting the best education they can. The American Overseas Interest Act the floor because I heard an extraor- We can do it by maintaining student will overhaul the foreign aid bureauc- dinary exchange earlier between the support. racy by merging three independent Democratic leader, who justly f slammed the Republicans’ budget for agencies into the State Department, STUDENT LOANS its cuts in student loans and grants eliminating outdated bureaucracies, ´ and doing away with conflicting and di- that will add $5,000 to the debt burden (Ms. VELAZQUEZ asked and was visive foreign policy. I urge my col- of the typical financial aid student given permission to address the House graduating from college in future years for 1 minute.) leagues to vote for this bill, and vote ´ for eliminating bureaucracy and for families that earn less than $75,000 Ms. VELAZQUEZ. Mr. Speaker, let streamlining foreign policy. We need a year. A Republican freshman rose on me tell you about a letter I recently re- foreign policy for the nineties, not for the other side to say he would sacrifice ceived from Maria Casillas. Maria lives in my district and writes: the fifties. for the sake of his daughter, he would take those financial aid cuts for the Cuts in student aid just don’t make sense. f sake of his daughter. Student aid actually saves taxpayers money Well, I have got news for him. He by stimulating economic growth and increas- b 1030 ing productivity. Student aid is important to earns $133,000 a year as a Member of me because it gives me the opportunity to Congress. He had a successful career as DR. FOSTER DESERVING OF SUP- get a better education than my mother or a sportscaster. His daughter does not grandmother had. I work hard in school to PORT FOR SURGEON GENERAL need help to go to college, but millions get good grades and without financial aid, I POSITION of other American kids do who come could not afford college. (Mr. HILLIARD asked and was given from families of modest means, and he Maria wants to go to college and permission to address the House for 1 is stomping on their fingers as they try without Federal funding for student and reach that first rung of the ladder minute and to revise and extend his re- loans, she will not have the oppor- to climb up to the success that we all marks.) tunity to do so. We cannot afford to strive for in this country. squander our human resources. Let us Mr. HILLIARD. Mr. Speaker, I rise These cuts are cruel and they fall invest in the future of our country. Let today in strong support of Dr. Henry only on families who earn less than us provide Maria and young men and Foster’s nomination for the position of $75,000 a year. That is the Republican women like her with the educational Surgeon General. Dr. Foster’s creden- budget’s answer for student financial opportunity they deserve. Let us do tials are impeccable. In my opinion, his aid. what is right for the people of this Na- background symbolizes the type of doc- f tion, not what is right for the privi- tor we are seeking to fill this impor- leged few. tant position. CUTS IN STUDENT LOAN PRO- f Throughout his career, Dr. Foster GRAM AFFECT AVERAGE AMERI- has immersed himself in alleviating CANS CALL FOR SPECIAL COUNSEL IN two of our Nation’s biggest problems, (Mr. FLAKE asked and was given SPEAKER’S ETHICS CASE the crisis of teen pregnancy, and the permission to address the House for 1 (Mr. JOHNSTON of Florida asked and tragedy of drug abuse. Teen pregnancy minute and to revise and extend his re- was given permission to address the and drug abuse are perhaps the biggest marks.) House for 1 minute and to revise and factors in the high school dropout rate Mr. FLAKE. Mr. Speaker, I rise this extend his remarks.) today, not to mention the crime, pov- morning to bring attention to the dra- Mr. JOHNSTON of Florida. Mr. erty, and child abuse that is rampant matic real-life effects that the pro- Speaker, it is common knowledge throughout our Nation. It is commend- posed cuts to Federal student loan pro- today that the Republican members of able that Dr. Foster has recognized grams and the elimination of the De- the Ethics Committee defeated a mo- this, and taken the time to reach out partment of Education will have on av- tion to appoint a special counsel to to the teenagers in his community and erage Americans. look into the complaints against the across the country. I am one of 13 children born to par- Speaker of the House, NEWT GINGRICH. I am offended by the way the radical ents of fifth and sixth grade edu- I am disheartened by this action, and I right of this country and in this Con- cations. For families like mine and know many of my colleagues as well as gress have treated Dr. Foster. They are maybe even others, more importantly public interest groups share my feel- playing politics with a good man’s life, for the millions of middle-class tax- ings. and I object. payers, the American dream of edu- Mr. Speaker, I call on you now to do cation and improving their lives for the what is right. Release the Republican Dr. Henry Foster exemplifies the next generation will be just that, a members from their obligation to vote strong values and innovative thinking dream. in lockstep. These are men and women that this country needs in a leader, es- On Saturday I received my doctor-of- of conscience for whom the vote con- pecially now during these difficult ministry degree. For the most part I sequence is beyond any inquiry into times. I ask that my colleagues in the earned my degree because of my per- your actions. Senate please bring the Foster nomina- sonal commitment to self-improve- Rise up and meet the appropriate tion to the floor, and vote to confirm ment and self-responsibility and the precedent of the past. Permit the com- his appointment. fact that somebody along the way mittee and this House to conduct a fair f cared about my future. and formal investigation through the Without the National Defense Stu- vehicle of a special counsel. Anything ANNOUNCEMENT BY THE SPEAKER dent Loan Program, I would not have less falls short of your moral obliga- PRO TEMPORE even had the opportunity to go to col- tion and our collective responsibility lege in the first place. It was a loan. I to the public. As quoted by Al Hunt in The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. paid it back. Others will do the same today’s Wall Street Journal, there is BONILLA). The Chair reminds Members thing if given the opportunity. no way that the House of Representa- that they should not refer to the con- We must be mindful that even with tives is going to achieve any credibil- firmation process in the Senate in all of our ivory tower exhortations ity unless they go to an outside coun- their remarks here in the House. about the virtues we hold dear, some- sel. H 5490 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE May 24, 1995 Mr. Speaker, if you have no fear of average cost payout has gone from The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there the truth, do the right thing. $4,700 to $6,300. I hope that the Demo- objection to the request of the gen- f crats will join the Republicans in try- tleman from Virginia? ing to save Medicare rather than par- There was no objection. UNITED STATES-JAPAN AUTO tisan grandstanding. f DISPUTE f (Ms. KAPTUR asked and was given AMERICAN OVERSEAS INTERESTS permission to address the House for 1 MEDICARE AND THE FEDERAL ACT OF 1995 minute and to revise and extend her re- BUDGET The SPEAKER pro tempore. Pursu- marks.) (Mr. FORD asked and was given per- ant to House Resolution 155 and rule Ms. KAPTUR. Mr. Speaker, as the mission to address the House for 1 XXIII, the chair declares the House in New York Times recently reported, it minute.) the Committee of the Whole House on is a steep, nearly insurmountable up- Mr. FORD. Mr. Speaker, I rise in ref- the State of the Union for the further hill journey to Japan for United States erence to the budget that is before the consideration of the bill, H.R. 1561. House and the Senate, and to say as we autos and auto parts. It is also an ex- b 1043 pensive journey, as rigged prices in look toward the Medicare cuts that Japan serve as significant nontariff many of the new Republican majority IN THE COMMITTEE OF THE WHOLE barriers to higher sales of our goods in in the House have indicated that they Accordingly, the House resolved it- that country. want these Medicare cuts for the pur- self into the Committee of the Whole In my hometown of Toledo, OH, the poses of giving huge tax cuts to the House on the State of the Union for the world-renowned Jeep Cherokee is man- well-to-do in America. I think when we further consideration of the bill (H.R. ufactured having a factory price of look around and we really study what 1561) to consolidate the foreign affairs $19,100. By the time that Jeep Cherokee these Medicare cuts are all about, $289 agencies of the United States; to au- clears customs, passes through Japan’s billion, we are basically saying that we thorize appropriations for the Depart- Byzantine distribution system, is are going to increase those premiums ment of State and related agencies for checked for compliance with 238 regu- on the elderly population of this Na- fiscal year 1996 and 1997; to responsibly lations and is inspected in no less than tion, those recipients of Medicare. reduce the authorizations of appropria- 3 places, the sticker price of the same Yes, we ought to reform Medicare. tions for United States foreign assist- Jeep Cherokee in Nagoya is $31,372, a Sure, we ought to look at some type of ance programs for fiscal years 1996 and 52-percent markup. national health care plan for this coun- 1997, and for other purposes, with Mr. Japan claims to be one of the world’s try. Sure, those things should happen. GOODLATTE in the chair. greatest competitors. This label seems But to say like the new Republican ma- The Clerk read the title of the bill. to be true in every market except their jority that we want to cut the Medi- The CHAIRMAN. When the Commit- own. The Clinton administration is care Program for the well-to-do in tee of the Whole rose on Tuesday, May right to keep its foot on the accelera- America, to give them a tax cut, that 23, 1995, amendment No. 10, offered by tor of the unfair trade practices of is wrong, it is mean to the elderly. the gentleman from Indiana [Mr. BUR- We should not let that happen. We Japan. TON], had been disposed of and the bill Open up your market, Japan. It is ought to take the budget that we have was open for amendment at any point. long overdue. before this House and the Senate and Eight hours and ten minutes remain move over the next 7, 8 to 10 years to for consideration of amendments under f try to bring about a balanced budget, the 5-minute rule. MEDICARE REFORM but let us not do it with the elderly Are there further amendments to the population and the Medicare Program. bill: (Mr. KINGSTON asked and was given permission to address the House for 1 f AMENDMENT OFFERED BY MR. SMITH OF NEW minute and to revise and extend his re- JERSEY PERMISSION FOR CERTAIN COM- Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. Mr. Chair- marks.) MITTEES AND SUBCOMMITTEES Mr. KINGSTON. Mr. Speaker, even man, I offer an amendment. TO SIT DURING 5-MINUTE RULE The Clerk read as follows: though the third largest expenditure of Mr. GOODLATTE. Mr. Speaker, I ask Amendment offered by Mr. Smith of New the national budget is the interest on unanimous consent that the following Jersey: In title XXI (relating to authoriza- the national debt, there are still Mem- committees and their subcommittees tion of appropriations for Department of bers of Congress and the Senate and be permitted to sit today while the State and certain international affairs func- the administration who are debating House is meeting in the Committee of tions and activities) insert at the end the fol- the need to balance our budget. I think lowing new chapter. the Whole House under the 5-minute this is clearly irresponsible, particu- rule: CHAPTER 2—GENERAL LIMITATIONS larly in view of what we want to do for Committee on Agriculture; Commit- SEC. 2121. PROHIBITION ON FUNDING FOR ABOR- the future of America, for the future of tee on Banking and Financial Services; TION. (a) IN GENERAL.— children, students, senior citizens and Committee on Commerce; Committee so forth. (1) Notwithstanding any other provision of on Economic and Educational Opportu- law or of this Act, none of the funds author- These same people are debating the nities; Committee on Government Re- ized to be appropriated by this Act for popu- need to change Medicare, even though form and Oversight; Committee on the lation assistance activities are authorized to the administration has told us that Judiciary; Committee on National Se- be available for any private, nongovern- Medicare is going to be out of money curity; Committee on Resources; and mental, or multilateral organization that, and broke within 6 years. The Repub- Permanent Select Committee on Intel- directly or through a subcontractor or subgrantee, performs abortions in any for- lican Party is trying to transform Med- ligence. icare. If you want to help senior citi- eign country, except where the life of the Mr. Speaker, it is my understanding mother would be endangered if the fetus zens, you need to save Medicare. that the minority has been consulted We are working on insurance reform, were carried to term or in cases of forcible and that there is no objection to these rape or incest. trying to make insurance more afford- requests. (2) Paragraph (1) may not be construed to able and more accessible. We are work- The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there apply to the treatment of injuries or ill- ing on some Medicare options so that objection to the request of the gen- nesses caused by legal or illegal abortions or senior citizens can keep their choice of tleman from Virginia? to assistance provided directly to the gov- doctors, so senior citizens can join a Mr. SKAGGS. Mr. Speaker, reserving ernment of a country. health maintenance organization if the right to object, and I do not intend (b) LIMITATION ON LOBBYING ACTIVITIES.— (1) Notwithstanding any other provision of they choose to, if they can get better to object, the majority has consulted law or of this Act, none of the funds author- care. with our ranking members on these re- ized to be appropriated by this Act for popu- We are trying to cut down on the quests and we have no objection. lation assistance activities are authorized to fraud and abuse in the Medicare system Mr. Speaker, I withdraw my reserva- be available for any private, nongovern- which has driven up the price of it. The tion of objection. mental, or multilateral organization that May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H 5491 violates the laws of any foreign country con- Mr. Chairman, is a crime against hu- voluntary program.’’ She also said that cerning the circumstances under which abor- manity. This House has gone on record China has—and she gushed with this— tion is permitted, regulated, or prohibited, on two occasions to condemn it as a ‘‘has every reason to feel proud of and or that engages in any activity or effort to crime against humanity, and we recog- pleased with its remarkable achieve- alter the laws or governmental policies of any foreign country concerning the cir- nized in those resolutions that just as ments made in its family planning pol- cumstances under which abortion is per- in the Nuremberg war crimes tribunals icy, and control of its population.’’ mitted, regulated, or prohibited. forced abortion against Polish women ‘‘Now the country,’’ she goes on to (2) Paragraph (1) shall not apply to activi- was construed to be a crime against say, ‘‘could offer its experiences and ties in opposition to coercive abortion or in- humanity, forced abortions in China special experts to help other coun- voluntary sterilizations. likewise is such a crime, and sadly it is tries.’’ God forbid that that happen, SEC. 2122, PROHIBITION ON FUNDING FOR COER- on the rise in China and sadly as well that the Chinese policy, which has per- CIVE POPULATION CONTROL METH- ODS. the U.N. Population Fund is supporting vasive use of forced abortion and forced Notwithstanding any other provision of the program to the hilt. sterilizations, be exported to other law or of this Act, none of the funds author- Arrogant leaders, Mr. Chairman, in countries to impose that kind of ex- ized to be appropriated by this Act are au- Beijing have decreed that children ploitation on women. thorized to be available for the United Na- should not be born, and the population The CHAIRMAN. The time of the tional Population Fund (UNFPA), unless the control cadres march off in lockstep to gentleman from New Jersey [Mr. President certifies to the appropriate con- ensure that millions of women every SMITH] has expired. gressional committees that— year are shamelessly violated and their (By unanimous consent, Mr. SMITH of (a) the United Nations Population Fund New Jersey was allowed to proceed for has terminated all activities in the People’s children are poisoned and dis- Republic of China; or membered. 5 additional minutes.) (b) during the 12 months preceding such Last week the Subcommittee on Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. Mr. Chair- certification there have been no abortions as International Operations and Human man, these kinds of statements make a the result of coercion associated with the Rights which I chair heard expert testi- mockery of human rights and the idea family planning policies of the national gov- mony from Dr. John Aird, the former that the UNFPA says over and over ernment or other government entities within research specialist on China at the again that the Chinese program is vol- the People’s Republic of China. As used in United States Census Bureau. Dr. Aird, untary does not comport with reality. this section the term ‘‘coercion’’ includes It is a whitewash of very, very, serious physical duress or abuse, destruction or who is an advocate of abortion rights, confiscation of property, loss of means of who does not support my view on the crimes. livelihood, or severe psychological pressure. right to life, nevertheless testified that A police state, I would submit, could In section 2102(b)(2)(F), delete subsections the brutal, and I quote, ‘‘1991 crack- not ask for a better front. If the U.N. (iii), (iv), and (v). down is continuing.’’ And he also Population Fund was fronting for Mr. SMITH of New Jersey (during the pointed out that it took a turn for the international terrorists or perhaps a reading). Mr. Chairman, I ask unani- worse in February, and I quote that, drug cartel, we would not hesitate for a mous consent that the amendment be ‘‘contrary to the claims of some apolo- moment in redirecting U.S. taxpayer considered as read and printed in the gists for the Chinese program, it con- funds to more worthy recipients, which RECORD. tinues to rely on coercive measures to is exactly what Presidents Reagan and The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection achieve its objective.’’ He also pointed Bush had done when they were in of- to the request of the gentleman from out in his testimony that the Clinton fice. They, like me and like many New Jersey? administration’s resumption of funding Members of Congress, believe that There was no objection. for the U.N. Population Fund was seen fronting for crimes against women and Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. Mr. Chair- by the Chinese Government as a ‘‘re- children is unconscionable. man, while the pro-life anti-abortion treat on the coercion issue and indeed Mr. Chairman, just let me remind policies I seek to reinstate in our for- that is what it was.’’ Members, and Mr. Mosher and others eign aid population control programs Mr. Chairman, a retreat on coercion have pointed this out—and again, he is are not new, recent experience suggests is a retreat on human rights. It is a re- the one who broke the story back in that these pro-life provisions are need- treat and abandonment of women who the early 1980’s—in China today women ed now more than ever before. In re- are exploited by their government with who have an unauthorized birth, be- cent months, the Government-imposed international organizations joining in cause again the government tells you nightmare of forced abortion and invol- and it is a retreat from the protection when and if you can have that child. untary sterilization in the People’s Re- and the advocacy of children. And you are only allowed one, they tell public of China has taken yet another The language in the bill now, Mr. you when and if, and if you fight that, turn for the worse. Chairman, and the substitute that will women are arrested, they are taken to be offered by the gentlewoman from abortion clinics in handcuffs, and they b 1045 Maryland [Mrs. MORELLA], would cod- are tied up and they are forcibly abort- In February of this year the Govern- ify that retreat by paying lipservice to ed. ment announced a new intensified cam- concerns about coercion, all the while Pregnant women are routinely incar- paign against women who attempt to facilitating U.S. taxpayer funds to the cerated, embarrassed until they acqui- have a child without explicit govern- U.N. Population Fund, which esce and make the voluntary decision ment permission. According to Steven unapologetically applauds the Chinese because they have nowhere else to Mosher, the Director of the Asian program. Make no mistake about it, turn. It is not voluntary, it is coercion. Studies Center, Claremont Institute, the substitute will allow the money to They are forced to attend study ses- ‘‘China’s population control policy, get there and adds some language that sions away from their families until which is without question the most co- looks good. It is form without sub- they agree to have abortions. They are ercive in the world, is about to become stance. forced to carry out sterilizations with- more so.’’ Mr. Mosher explains on Feb- Let me remind Members that the out their consent. Infants’ skulls are ruary 14 the Chinese Government an- U.N. Population Fund cannot say crushed, very often late in the term of nounced a new campaign designed to enough good things about the Chinese the pregnancy as a routine. Often when ensure what Mr. Mosher termed as the program. In 1989, even when many children are being born to a woman most rigorous enforcement of its 16- abortion advocates in Congress had who has an unauthorized child she is year-old one child per couple policy. come to recognize the widespread coer- carrying. Can you imagine it, a coun- By now I think, Mr. Chairman, most cion in China, Dr. Sadig, the executive try where children are illegal? And people are aware of the fact that broth- director of UNFPA, continued to de- here we have—often have the injecting ers and sisters are illegal in China, and fend the programs as she does today, of iodine, alcohol, or formaldehyde into the one child per couple policy insti- but she said at that time, ‘‘the UNFPA the cranium of the child as the child is tuted in 1979 relies heavily on forced firmly believes, and so does the Gov- emerging from the womb. abortion and forced sterilizations to ernment of the People’s Republic of Also, Amnesty International just achieve its results. Forced abortion, China, that their program is a totally came to us with a chilling report on H 5492 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE May 24, 1995 how two villages are being focused gentlewoman from Maryland [Mrs. (2) Paragraph (1) may not be construed to upon because they refuse to comply, MORELLA] I like CONNIE MORELLA, she apply to the treatment of injuries or ill- and their homes have been bulldozed, is a good friend and colleague—is op- nesses caused by unsafe abortions. posed by all of the pro-life organiza- (b) LIMITATION ON LOBBYING ACTIVITIES.— their women have been raped, and (1)(A) Notwithstanding any other provision there has been torture to get compli- tions. It is form without substance. It of law or of this Act, none of the funds au- ance with forced abortions and with repeats some of the current law and thorized to be appropriated by this Act for the one-child-per-couple policy. tries to substitute that with the sub- population assistance activities are author- There is also the issue of missing stantive language that we are offering ized to be available for any private, non- girls, a whole generation of girls, and today. governmental, or multilateral organization you are only allowed one. Particularly Mr. JOHNSTON of Florida. Mr. that violates the laws of any foreign country in the Chinese culture, very often boys Chairman, I move to strike the last concerning the circumstances under which are the preference, and that is just the word. abortion is permitted, regulated, or prohib- ited. way they do it, but girls are screened Mr. Chairman, first, this amendment was defeated in the Committee on (B) Notwithstanding any other provision of out by way of an ultrasound or some law or of this Act, none of the funds author- other way, and they are killed because International Relations and was pro- ized to be appropriated by this Act for popu- they are only allowed one, and the fam- posed by the gentlewoman from Kansas lation assistance activities are authorized to ilies say if they are only allowed one it [Mrs. MEYERS]. I am prochoice, but I be available to lobby for or against abortion. is going to be a boy. There is a whole am adamantly opposed to forced abor- (2) Paragraph (1) shall not apply to activi- missing generation of girls. Infanticide tions and certainly against steriliza- ties in opposition to coercive abortion or in- voluntary sterilization. is on the rise in China. tion and the policies of the Chinese We are poised, if the Morella amend- Government on these issues, but nei- SEC. 2122. UNITED NATIONS POPULATION FUND ther does the United Nations Popu- LIMITATIONS ON FUNDING. ment were to pass—and unfortunately (a) LIMITATION.—Notwithstanding any in the first 2 years of the Clinton ad- lation Control nor any other multilat- other provision of law or of this Act, none of ministration we are giving money to eral or nongovernmental organization the funds authorized to be appropriated by the group that is out there providing working in China fund abortions or this Act are authorized to be available for tangible assistance, people on the support coercive family planning prac- the United Nations Population Fund ground to help and assist these Chinese tices. (UNFPA), unless the President certifies to population-control zealots. But because there are forced abor- the appropriate congressional committees Mr. Chairman, let me remind Mem- tions and sterilizations taking place in that— China, the Congress, this Congress, pre- (1) either— bers as well that UNFPA, in addition (A) the United Nations Population Fund to providing cover and tangible assist- viously has mandated that no United does not support coercive abortion and that ance, has pumped over $100 million into States money provided to the United no United States funds have been used for this heinous program, and it is the Nations Population Control may be activities in the People’s Republic of China; kind of program that only a Nazi could used in China. That is the law today or be proud of. there, and I support this approach. (B) during the 12 months preceding such Mr. Chairman, let me also say that This amendment is totally unneces- certification there have been no abortions as the language that I am offering today sary. It goes far beyond the existing a result of coercion associated with the fam- ily planning policies of the national govern- also would restore longstanding policy law that we have. It has far-reaching implications for all United States-sup- ment or other governmental entities within as it relates to the so-called Mexico the People’s Republic of China; and City policy, which erected a wall of ported international health and family (2) the United States representative to the separation between family planning planning activities. governing board of the United Nations Popu- and abortion. I remember when Presi- The real purpose of this amendment lation Fund (UNFPA) has made an official dent Reagan first announced that back is to cut off all U.S. funding for popu- request that UNFPA censure Chinese coer- in 1984, Members said no one will ac- lation control worldwide without a cive practices and transmit a report of the action taken on such request to the appro- cept those clauses. Well, most of the doubt. The United Nations Population Con- priate congressional committees of the Con- family planning organizations said we gress. want to provide family planning, not trol is the leading multilateral organi- zation providing voluntary family (b) DEFINITION.—As used in this section the abortion, so they accepted it and they term ‘‘coercion’’ includes physical duress or and their subcontractees decided to get planning services in the developing abuse, destruction or confiscation of prop- out of the abortion business. world. In this bill we already repeat ex- erty, loss of means of livelihood, or severe This is especially important in light isting law, the Kemp-Kasten language psychological pressure. of the fact that most of the countries which ensures that no U.S. money go Mrs. MORELLA (during the reading). of the world protect their unborn chil- directly or indirectly to support these Mr. Chairman, I ask unanimous con- dren. Between 95 and 100 nations, vir- Chinese programs. This language al- sent that the amendment be considered tually all of Central and South Amer- lows us to take a forceful stand against as read and printed in the RECORD. ica, have laws on their books that pro- China without undermining overall The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection tect their unborn children. We are out multilateral efforts in population plan- to the request of the gentlewoman of the mainstream of human rights ning worldwide. from Maryland? I strongly urge my colleagues to op- when we put those children at such There was no objection. pose this amendment, the same as they grave risk and allow them to be killed. Mrs. MORELLA. Mr. Chairman, I did in committee. But let us not export it. offer this perfecting amendment on be- Again, family planning money during AMENDMENT OFFERED BY MRS. MORELLA TO half of the prime sponsor, the gentle- THE AMENDMENT OFFERED BY MR. SMITH OF the Reagan and Bush years flowed un- woman from Kansas [Mrs. MEYERS], NEW JERSEY who could not be here today because of interrupted. Only groups like Inter- Mrs. MORELLA. Mr. Chairman, I illness. Mrs. MEYERS is a member of national Planned Parenthood Federa- offer an amendment to the amendment. tion of London, a London-based organi- The Clerk read as follows: the committee. The amendment of the zation, and PPF of America, their for- gentleman from New Jersey [Mr. Amendment offered by Mrs. MORELLA to eign-based organizations, would not ac- amendment No. 19 offered by Mr. SMITH of SMITH] was rejected by the full com- cept it, and I say this noting that a New Jersey: Page 1, strike line 4 and all that mittee, which supported Mrs. MEYERS. number of IPPF affiliates did accept it. follows and insert the following: This perfecting amendment states They countered what the national of- (1) Notwithstanding any other provision of that no American money may be used fice was doing and they said we want to law or of this Act, none of the funds author- to perform an abortion overseas except provide family planning and we want ized to be appropriated by this Act for popu- in the case of rape, incest, or lation assistance activities are authorized to endangerment of the mother’s life. No to get out of the abortion business. pay for the performance of abortions in any Mr. Chairman, let me just conclude foreign country, except where the life of the American money may be used to lobby by saying that this amendment is pro- mother would be endangered if the fetus either for or against abortion, and no life. It is backed by all of the pro-life were carried to term or in cases of rape or in- American money may be spent by the organizations. The amendment of the cest. UNFPA in China, and further, the May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H 5493 United States representative to the This version would go far beyond cut- UNFPA assistance is used for family UNFPA must ask UNFPA to condemn ting off family planning assistance, planning services and maternal and Chinese coercion. The bill already re- however. It would cut off any U.S. for- child health care in the poorest and duces our aid to UNFPA by the per- eign aid for child survival programs, most remote regions of the world. And centage of its budget which the UNFPA HIV–AIDS prevention programs, and since its founding, UNFPA has saved spends in China. other basic health services if a local the lives of countless women and chil- I want to also indicate exactly what hospital also provides legal abortion dren. it is we are talking about here. This is services. And I, frankly, think the amendment not, Mr. Chairman, whether or not U.S. Similarly, indigenous women’s orga- is unnecessary. Current law already de- taxpayers’ money should be going to nizations that receive U.S. aid to im- nies foreign aid funding to any organi- pay for abortions. This is already pro- prove, the status of women or to pro- zation or program that supports or par- hibited by current law. The Smith mote female literacy would also be ticipates in the management of a pro- amendment strikes directly at wom- defunded if they engage with their non- gram of coerced abortion or involun- en’s rights to access family planning U.S. funds in efforts to influence their tary sterilization, and this is in any information, to space and time their own country’s abortion law either for country under the so-called Kemp-Kas- pregnancies to suit the needs of their or against. ten amendment, which is restated in families, and to prevent pregnancy if And, quite frankly, Mr. Chairman, H.R. 1561. they do not want more children. Access the Smith amendment would have no And, further, current law also en- to family planning information and impact on access to abortion. Rather, sured that none of the United States contraception decreases abortions, and it would only hinder access to family contributions to UNFPA may be used we have many examples of that. planning and other health and develop- in its China program, including numer- The amendment of the gentleman ment programs centered on the needs ous penalties for any violation of this from New Jersey [Mr. SMITH], by cut- of women. requirement. ting out funding of organizations solely Despite its ostensible goal of reduc- So, current restrictions and condi- because they have an opinion on abor- ing abortion, during the time the Mex- tions are reiterated in H.R. 1561, as tion, will deny money to those groups ico City policy was in effect, which was amended by the gentlewoman from which have been most effective in pre- 1985 to 1993, there was no decrease in Kansas [Mrs. MYERS], in committee. venting unwanted pregnancies. the number of abortions worldwide, no So, frankly, for that and a lot of other reasons, if we want to avoid abortions, b decrease. 1100 The CHAIRMAN. The time of the if we want to allow these organizations This proposal is even more extreme gentlewoman from Maryland [Mrs. to help women and children in coun- than the Reagan administration’s Mex- MORELLA] has expired. tries throughout the world, then I ask ico City policy that denied funding (By unanimous consent, Mrs. this body to vote for the Morella-Mey- only to groups which actually per- MORELLA was allowed to proceed for 5 ers-Porter-Gilman amendment. formed abortions, and this amendment additional minutes.) Mr. HYDE. Mr. Chairman, I rise in will not just affect groups like Planned Mrs. MORELLA. Mr. Chairman, in- sharp opposition to the amendment to Parenthood. The provisions threaten stead, it perpetuated the situation the amendment. (Mr. HYDE asked and was given per- any number of humanitarian assist- where women resorted to unsafe abor- mission to revise and extend his re- ance organizations sponsored by prolife tions in the absence of access to qual- marks.) religious institutions. After all, the ity family planning and information Mr. HYDE. Mr. Chairman, my col- U.S. Catholic Conference lobbies on about safe abortion. According to the leagues, if you think abortion is a good abortion. The proposal offered by the World Health Organization, 500,000 idea or if you think it is a neutral idea gentleman from New Jersey [Mr. women die each year of pregnancy-re- or if you think it is an acceptable solu- SMITH] will deny funds to Catholic Re- lated causes, 99 percent in the develop- tion to unwanted pregnancies, then lief Services. The United States foreign ing world, and up to one-third of these this amendment is for you. assistance funds have, to the greatest maternal deaths are attributable to But if you are troubled by abortion, extent possible, been channeled septic or incomplete abortion. if you understand the difference be- through nongovernmental organiza- Indeed, the only impact of the old tween family planning, which prevents tions, because they use the money Mexico City policy as well as the new, a conception from occurring, or facili- more effectively and with greater ac- more sweeping version offered by the tate one if you want to get pregnant, as countability than Government agen- gentleman from New Jersey [Mr. distinguished from abortion, which cies. The Smith amendment will, by SMITH] is to interfere with the delivery kills the life of an unborn child once it default, require population assistance of effective family planning and other has begun, and those are the words of to be channeled through foreign gov- development programs whose purpose Planned Parenthood, which used them ernment agencies and less of the is to reduce the incidence of unwanted in a brochure for some years until they money will be available to assist those pregnancy and the need for abortion. got into the business of promoting that it is meant to assist. The prime target of the amendment abortions, then they backed away from The amendment that I offer today that the gentleman from New Jersey it, abortions kill a human life. They do will maintain current law. No U.S. tax- [Mr. SMITH], who is my friend, has of- not kill an animal, a vegetable or a payers’ money will be used to finance fered, the prime target concerning mineral. And so it you think that is a abortion. That is the current law. No China is the United Nations Population good idea and a helpful idea, there are U.S. taxpayers’ money will be used to Fund, UNFPA. The gentleman from just too many people in the world and lobby for more liberal abortion laws. New Jersey [Mr. SMITH] and the anti- once they get created in the womb, ex- That is already the law. No United abortion movement are using the terminate them, then this is a good States taxpayers money will be spent UNFPA’s presence in China as a pre- amendment. by UNFPA in China. This is currently text for pressing for United States But if you do not think American the law. withdrawal from supporting UNFPA al- money should go to pay for extermi- I would like to also point out, Mr. together, and, indeed, they succeeded nating unborn children, this is a ter- Chairman, the Smith amendment is ex- in convincing some administrations to rible amendment and ought to be op- treme because it would defund organi- boycott UNFPA for almost a decade posed. zations that perform legal abortions or until funding was resumed by the Con- Now, family planning is one thing. engage in abortion-related advocacy gress, with the support of the adminis- This country supports family planning. with their own funds. It is an attempt tration, in 1994. But it should not and ought not, and by to revive the so-called Mexico City pol- Operating in over 140 countries, be- defeating this amendment will not, icy and place a new twist on an old gag sides China, UNFPA is the principal support abortion. And those are 2 dif- rule. It is, in fact, an international gag multilateral organization providing ferent ideas. One prevents a concep- rule. And the gag rule has been repudi- worldwide family planning and popu- tion; the other exterminates it once it ated by Congress. lation assistance. Nearly half of has begun. H 5494 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE May 24, 1995 In this country, now, following, Roe United States commitment to critical the Smith amendment and in opposi- versus Wade, we have had over 33 mil- family planning programs in other na- tion to the Morella amendment, and I lion abortions. Is that a figure to be tions that are trying hard to struggle would also like to make clear that the proud of? with exponential population growth gentleman from Illinois [Mr. HYDE], I hope and pray and believe that this which makes their economic develop- who spoke so eloquently just a few Congress will back away funding orga- ment goals even more difficult to meet. minutes ago, when he was speaking out nizations that support abortion. The family planning portion of the bill against the amendment, he was refer- Now, the UNFPA, with all of its gim- before us today accomplishes these ring to the Morella amendment. The micks and its semantic gymnastics, at goals. It imposes strong policies to gentleman from Illinois [Mr. HYDE] the end of the day they support the confront the abuses, and imposes tough strongly supports the Smith amend- Chinese coerced abortion policy. Noth- restrictions on the use of United States ment. ing is more evil or inhuman that coerc- funds. We continue to ensure that no Mr. Chairman, my colleague from ing a woman to have an abortion be- UNFPA would be used in China. New Jersey, Mr. SMITH, is one of the cause it conflicts with the population One of the most important forms of great leaders of the pro-life movement, policy. And yet that is what China aid we promise to other countries is along with the gentleman from Illinois, does, and that is what the UNFPA sup- family planning assistance. No one can Mr. HYDE and also the gentlewoman ports. deny that the need for family planning from Nevada, Mrs. VUCANOVICH, who Oh, they have a bookkeeping gim- services in developing countries is ur- will be speaking shortly, and I want to mick, but money is fungible, and that gent and the aid we provide is both val- commend all three of them for their would not deceive anybody, and it uable and worthwhile. commitment over the years to the de- ought not deceive you. The world’s population is growing at fense of the innocent unborn. Now, we support population control an unprecedented rate. In 40 years our This amendment will simply restore if it is done through family planning, planet’s population will more than dou- the pro-life policies that served as the and by withdrawing the money from ble as a responsible world leader, the basis for U.S. international population the UNFPA, there are still some 350 United States must do more to deter policy during the Reagan and Bush ad- family planning organizations that will the environmental, political, and ministrations. Even though the Amer- receive the largesse, the taxpayers’ health consequences of this explosive ican people strongly oppose the use of money to pay for family planning growth. tax dollars for abortions, the Clinton around the world. But the two organi- And let us not forget what family administration has embarked on a zations that do not want to take the planning assistance means to women worldwide crusade to promote abortion money under those terms are Inter- around the world. Complications of in the developing world. The Smith national Planned Parenthood and the pregnancy, childbirth and unsafe abor- amendment attempts to curb that cru- Planned Parenthood Federation of tion are the leading killers of women of sade by preventing U.S. tax dollars America. Well, they get plenty of reproductive age throughout the third from going to any private, nongovern- money from other sources, from the world. One million women die each mental or multilateral organization abortion culture. Let them get it. But year as a result of reproductive health that directly or indirectly performs the taxpayers ought to make sure their problems. abortions in foreign countries. money does not go to support killing Each year, 250,000 women die from Mr. Chairman, I believe that the unborn children. unsafe abortion. Smith amendment is a sensible amend- And, therefore, I urge you, with all Only 20 to 35 percent of women in Af- ment, it is a much-needed amendment, the vigor I can muster, to reject the rica and Asia receive prenatal care. and it is the right thing to do. I urge Five hundred million married women Morella amendment. I mean no reflec- my colleagues to support it. tion on the gentlewoman from Mary- want contraceptives but cannot obtain Mr. OBERSTAR. Mr. Chairman, I them. land [Mrs. MORELLA] or her cosponsors, move to strike the requisite number of Most of these disabilities and deaths who are all wonderful people. They just words. could be prevented. are not as offended by abortion as I am, Mr. Chairman, I rise in opposition to Today we have the opportunity to en- and I hope this amendment will be de- the Morella substitute and in support sure funding for the United Nations feated. of the Smith amendment and to com- populations fund, funding which has Mrs. LOWEY. Mr. Chairman, I move pliment my colleague, the gentleman been held hostage to anti-abortion poli- to strike the last word. from New Jersey [Mr. SMITH], on his tics in the past. Today, we can make a Mr. Chairman, I rise in strong opposi- sustained, vigorous and forthright real difference in the lives of millions tion to the Smith amendment and in leadership on the issue of opposition to of women, and the future of our planet. support of the Morella perfecting Yet despite the opportunity to make abortions performed with U.S. funds amendment. The Smith amendment real progress in world health, some overseas. He has been vigilant on this would do nothing to stop China’s policy would punish UNFPA, developing na- issue and has led the way on the com- of coerced abortions to which I object tions, and many other public health or- mittee and in the House year after just as strongly as does the gentleman ganizations around the world for Chi- year. from New Jersey. It is merely an at- na’s policies. Approval of the Smith Mr. Chairman, we cannot allow U.S. tack on international family planning amendment would mean denying funds funds to be used for population control efforts which I strongly support. not only for UNFPA, but for critical programs in other countries where The coercive abortion policy in China projects all over the world. abortion is the means of population violates all principles of a modern soci- Let us be frank. The language cur- control. it is just that simple. ety. Despite overwhelming evidence of rently in the foreign aid bill makes If we do not support such policies at forced abortions and involuntary steri- clear that no United States funds shall home, and we do not—consistently lization, the Chinese Government de- be used in China. A vote for the Smith under the Hyde language year after nies it is conducting a campaign of in- amendment is a vote against sensible, year we have opposed the funding of timidation and violence against the cost-effective international family abortions with U.S. taxpayer dollars Chinese people. We must condemn this planning programs. here at home—we should not be pro- brutal policy, which deprives families I urge my colleagues to oppose the moting such practices or allowing such of real choices and threatens hundreds Smith amendment. And support the practices to take place overseas. An of thousands of lives. We must ensure Morella perfecting amendment. unborn human being is still a human that no United States funds contribute being whether American, or Chinese, or to China’s repression and violation of b 1115 African, or wherever in the world. individual liberties. Mr. CHABOT. Mr. Chairman, I move Clearly the language offered by our That is why we have a compromise to strike the requisite number of colleague from Maryland would open that strikes a sensible balance between words. the way for funds to be moved from one the need to censure China for its de- Mr. Chairman, as a member of the account to another, would make, as the plorable policies, while restoring the committee I rise in strong support of technicians say, those monies fungible May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H 5495 to be used for abortion support activi- tion all United States contributions to law already prohibits U.S. funds from ties in other countries, and particu- UNFPA on its pulling out of China, and going for abortions. larly in China. The language in the bill there is not anybody who does not un- Mr. Chairman, I would say that the is insufficient to prevent the use of derstand that a U.N. agency cannot Smith amendment is extreme, it pre- Federal funds for abortions overseas. pull out of a member country. It can- vents organizations from using their The Smith amendment will tighten not unilaterally pull out of China. own funds for their own legal purposes, that language up, will make it very Mr. Chairman, the Smith amendment and it would, together with the part clear that no U.S. funding to any pri- is a killer amendment for all U.S. fam- dealing with UNFPA, effectively de- vate, nongovernmental or multilateral ily planning programs. stroy U.S. voluntary family planning organization that directly or indirectly The UNFPA activity in China is min- programs in 139 countries that depend provides funding for or performs abor- uscule, and very little, or none, of it upon our support and are making real tions in a foreign country can be sup- goes to support the Government. The progress in this area voluntarily, not ported with U.S. taxpayer dollars in UNFPA is not supporting coercive with coercion. our foreign aid program. That principle practices. It has a total annual budget Mr. WOLF. Mr. Chairman, I move to should be maintained, should be set of $275 million. Only $4 to $5 million strike the requisite number of words. forth very clearly in law, and the goes to China. China’s own family plan- Mr. Chairman, I rise in very strong Smith amendment will do so. ning expenditures are $1 billion a year. opposition to the Morella amendment Support the Smith amendment. De- UNFPA is not part of the problem in and in very, very strong support of the feat the Morella amendment. China, it is part of the solution. Smith amendment. Mr. PORTER. Mr. Chairman, I move Mr. Chairman, the Morella amend- As a background, the gentleman from to strike the requisite number of ment would prohibit any United States New Jersey [Mr. SMITH] and I spent a words. funding going to UNFPA unless the week in China, the week we went into (Mr. PORTER asked and was given President would certify that the Beijing Prison No. 1, but we inter- permission to revise and extend his re- UNFPA does not support coercive abor- viewed all of the population people in marks.) tions in China. That is a reasonable China, and what they are doing is abys- Mr. PORTER. Mr. Chairman, the way to approach the problem. mal, it is just a disgrace. I say to my committee did not include in its bill a The bill also contains language colleagues, ‘‘If you look at the state- prohibition on funding for the UNFPA, walling off all United States funds into ment by Director of UNFPA, Nafis nor did it impose the Mexico City pro- a separate account that cannot be used Sadik, she said China has every reason hibitions on what international family in China, and United States law has to feel proud and pleased with its re- planning organizations can do with long prohibited funds in this bill from markable achievements made in family their own funds overseas. The Smith being used to perform abortions over- planning policy and control of its popu- amendment was specifically not adopt- seas. lation growth over the past 10 years. ed by the committee, and for good rea- These are reasonable protections. Now the country could offer its experi- son, because it is not in the best inter- They ensure that U.S. funds are not ence and especially experts to help ests of the United States, and that is used for coercion or for abortions, but other countries.’’ what any foreign policy bill is all allow truly voluntary family planning about. programs, the ones that we supported That is crazy. Let me tell my col- Mr. Chairman, the United States is in 139 other countries, to continue, all leagues what we have now found out. the largest international donor of of which would be cut off if the Smith We have found out in China, and I am funds for voluntary family planning. amendment were to be adopted. not going to show this picture, but I We recognize that a host of inter- Second, the Smith amendment pro- will show it to any Member that wants national issues, including economic de- hibits U.S. funds from going to the to see it, but we have found out in velopment, immigration, political sta- most active and effective voluntary China that in government hospitals, bility, health, and the environment are family planning organizations over- because of their forced abortion poli- all linked to population. Providing tar- seas, including Planned Parenthood, cies, they are selling, and I would urge geted family planning assistance to na- and it reinstates the so-called Mexico all Members to read this article from tions that request it is in our Nation’s City language keeping AID from fund- Eastern Express that says embryonic interest. ing the most experienced, successful food of life; they are selling aborted The U.S. voluntary family planning NGO’s in family planning. fetuses, or frankly they are selling program is a proven success. In Kenya The Smith amendment keeps U.S. aborted babies for money, for about there was a 20-percent reduction in funds from going to entities that use $1.25 in Hong Kong money. This money family size in just 4 year, done through their own funds for performing abor- will be used by the Chinese indirectly voluntary family planning. In Ban- tions or for engaging in any activity or to literally track down women. We gladesh the contraceptive prevalence effort to alter the laws of any foreign have heard, CHRIS and I, the gentleman rate went from 5 percent in 1975 to 40 country concerning the circumstance from New Jersey [Mr. SMITH] and I percent in 1993, and there was a decline under which abortion is performed, reg- have heard, of cases whereby they lit- in fertility from 6.7 births per woman ulated, or prohibited. erally track down women in the vil- to 4.9, voluntarily. In Egypt the aver- This is, in effect, an international lages, and bring them in and force age number of children per family has gag rule. them to have an abortion. declined from 5.8 to 3.9 between 1960 Now, Mr. Chairman, I do not say or This is a fundamental, important and 1994 through voluntary family support abortion as a legitimate family vote; it is much more important than planning. planning method; it is certainly not, population control. Let me just say, The gentleman from New Jersey [Mr. and we do not fund it. But this amend- too, that I support birth control, I sup- SMITH] aims at an egregious practice of ment keeps organizations from promot- port money for birth control to India coercive abortion in China that all of ing their own agenda with their own and places like that unable to gain con- us deplore, but the Smith amendment funds. trol of the population, but under no guts United States bilateral and multi- The CHAIRMAN. The time of the circumstances would I ever support, lateral population programs, and it gentleman from Illinois [Mr. PORTER] nor should this Congress support, nor would first effectively cut off all Unit- has expired. should any Member support, giving any ed States funds to UNFPA, which oper- (By unanimous consent, Mr. PORTER American taxpayer money indirectly ates not in China alone, but in 140 de- was allowed to proceed for 1 additional that goes to China. veloping countries, including the poor- minute.) Here is a picture of what is not bad to est countries in the world, only one of Mr. PORTER. It is the equivalent of show, of a young lady leaving, leaving which is engaged in coercive practices. in the United States prohibiting hos- with a container of aborted babies, He claims correctly that China is en- pitals using title X funds on the first leaving to go to Hong Kong. I say to gaged in a regime of coercive family floor from performing privately funded my colleagues, ‘‘When you read this planning practices, but he would condi- abortions on the third floor. Existing story and look at these pictures, which H 5496 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE May 24, 1995 I will not show, they will make you ing for abortion this amendment is des- prohibits the use of U.S. funds for abor- sick.’’ perately needed to clarify congres- tion-related activities. For 20 years This is a vote on a fundamental, ethi- sional intent so that it cannot be dis- there has been a protection in law and cal, moral issue. Under no cir- regarded by those who seek to fund policy against using U.S. funds to pay cumstances should any American abortion on demand throughout the for or advocate abortion. money go to UNPF and then go to world. I urge my colleagues to support U.S. population programs focus on China. the Smith amendment to H.R. 1561. So, the gentleman from New Jersey providing quality voluntary family b planning services. They are directed to- [Mr. SMITH] is right, and I commend 1130 ward improving maternal and child him for offering this, and I urge all my Ms. PELOSI. Mr. Chairman, I move care of health, slowing the spread of colleagues, those who have been follow- to strike the requisite number of AIDS and HIV and enhancing access to ing this issue and those who may be words. new, this is a vote that will be Mr. Chairman, I rise in strong sup- basic education. Population programs watched. The Chinese Government will port of the Morella amendment and, re- work. Since the 1960’s, births for watch what we will do, and by voting gretfully, in opposition to the Smith women in developing countries have for the Smith amendment we will send amendment. It is with the highest re- dropped by 37 percent, child mortality the strongest possible message we can gard for the gentleman from New Jer- by 50 percent, and primary school en- rollment is up by 38 percent. U.S. as- to the Chinese Government that their sey [Mr. SMITH] and others who support policy of tracking women down, of his amendment that I beg to differ. sistance has played an important role forced abortions, of selling aborted ba- I share the gentleman’s concern in these achievements. bies, is fundamentally wrong, and we about the number of abortions that As I said before, there are already will support it in no way. A vote for occur in our country, and I believe that strict prohibitions in U.S. funding for the Smith amendment is a vote, I if some strong language has been used abortion as a method of family plan- think, to help a lot of people. in this debate already, and I will use a ning or to motivate or coerce any per- Mrs. VUCANOVICH. Mr. Chairman, I couple strong words too, one being son to practice abortion. Also, there move to strike the requisite number of hate, which I do not like to use, but if are strict prohibitions against funding words. you hate abortion, as we all do, I think for organizations that support and par- Mr. Chairman, I rise in opposition to you should love family planning, be- ticipate in the management of coercive the amendment offered by the gentle- cause this is the way that we can reach abortion or in voluntary sterilization. woman from Maryland [Mrs. MORELLA]. the goals that I believe we all share, There are existing provisions in the I have a great deal of respect for the which is to decrease the number of law that prohibit the use of Federal gentlewoman from Maryland, but I abortions that occur in our country funds for lobbying on abortion. truly believe she is wrong on this and in the world. amendment. The Morella amendment In addition, Mr. Chairman, I want to The Morella amendment reasserts point out that, similar to that, indige- would facilitate taxpayer funding to the restriction against any U.S. funds organizations which provide and pro- nous women’s organizations that re- being used to fund abortion except ceive U.S. aid to improve the status of mote abortion on demand. where the life of the mother would be I rise in support of the amendment women or to promote female literacy endangered. No taxpayer dollars should offered by the gentleman from New would also be defunded if they engage be used to fund abortion, nor would Jersey [Mr. SMITH]. Now, some may with their non-U.S. funds, with their they be. The amendment also reasserts claim that this amendment is a gag non-U.S. funds, in efforts to influence the restriction against U.S. funds being rule on family planning assistance. their own country’s abortion laws, ei- used for lobbying on the abortion issue. Nothing could be further from the ther for or against. The Morella amendment further truth. This amendment would not pre- reasserts our strong opposition to the Those are some of the reasons I urge vent groups from merely advising my colleagues to support the Morella women as to what the laws are in each coercive population practices in China. On the Smith amendment, Mr. Chair- amendment and oppose the Smith country regarding abortion. Further- man, I believe it is inappropriate to amendment. more, abortion is not considered a fam- pass this amendment because there are On the subject of China, I am ada- ily planning method and should not be mantly, as all of our colleagues have promoted as one, especially by the some general setbacks that we would United States. Recently the State De- suffer should it become the law. Sta- declared, adamantly opposed to forced partment decided that the promotion bilizing population growth is vital to abortion and sterilization and to poli- of abortion should be a priority in ad- U.S. national interests. Rapid popu- cies of the Chinese Government on vancing U.S. population-control ef- lation expansion is a major source of these issues. Neither the UNFPA nor forts. This is unacceptable to the mil- political instability in developing other multilateral or multigovernment lions of Americans who do not view countries as well as a drain on the organizations working in China fund abortion as a legitimate method of global environment. That does not abortion or support coercive family family planning and do not support mean that we perform abortions in planning practices. But because forced Federal funding of abortion except to order to control population growth. It abortion and sterilization may be tak- save the life of the mother or in cases means that we should instead be edu- ing place in China, and indeed I believe of rape and incest. cating people in methods of family they are, the Congress has mandated This is just one reason why this planning so that we, again, can control that no United States money provided amendment is important. This amend- population growth and reduce the num- to UNFPA may be used in China. I sup- ment will simply ensure that none of ber of abortions. port this approach. This amendment, the moneys sent to the UNPF may be Rapid population growth makes suc- the Smith amendment, has far reach- used to fund any private, nongovern- cessful development and democratiza- ing implications for all U.S.-supported mental, or multilateral organization tion much less likely. It reduces the health and family planning activities. that directly or through a subcontrac- quality and availability of health serv- Mr. Chairman, I urge my colleagues tor performs abortions in any foreign ices, limits employment opportunities, to support the Morella amendment and country—except to save the life of the and undermines economic and social reluctantly to oppose the Smith mother or in cases of rape and incest. progress. There has been tremendous amendment. Most recipients of U.S. population as- progress already achieved in stabilizing sistance readily agreed to these terms world population, but we can do better The real purpose of this amendment is to from 1984 to 1993 and this amendment and indeed we must. cut off U.S. funding for UNFPA. UNFPA is the does not reduce the funding level for The new international consensus in leading multilateral organization providing vol- real international population assist- support of population planning pro- untary family planning services in the develop- ance. vides an opportunity to achieve global ing world. In a time when 69 percent of the population stabilization within the In this bill, we already repeat existing law American public opposes Federal fund- next generation. Existing law already (the Kemp-Kasten language) which ensures May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H 5497 that no United States money directly or indi- not have that much room on the plan- restricted so that it cannot go directly rectly supports the Chinese program. This lan- et. to abortion services, but since money guage allows us to take a forceful stand con- Mr. Chairman, population con- is fungible, it means it frees up other cerning China, without undermining overall ferences such as the Bucharest Con- money of that program to go into the multilateral efforts in population planning. ference, the Mexico City Conference, provision of those services. Mr. GILMAN. Mr. Chairman, we have and the Cairo Conference in 1994, all be- It is very important that we under- now gone 50 minutes with regard to came mired in this controversy about stand what is at stake here. We simply this issue. We have about three speak- the abortion issue. I really think it is want to return to the Mexico City pol- ers on our side. I think the other side time, people are pleading with us icy enunciated by President Reagan in has about three speakers. I ask unani- around the world and people are plead- 1984 that we will not use taxpayer fund- mous consent that all debate on this ing with us in this country, it is time ed dollars to fund any program in any amendment be limited to 12 noon for us to stop the argument and for foreign country that provides abortion today, and that the time be equally di- those who are pro-choice, if I can label services. So it is a very simple point vided between both sides of the issue. that, and pro-life, if I can label that, to here. What the Morella amendment This is with regard to the Smith get together and think of creative, would like to do is change that policy amendment and all amendments there- thoughtful solutions to this most dif- or actually preserve the now existing to. ficult problem. policy that we will fund those pro- The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection I do not think there is anybody in grams. I believe very strongly we to the request of the gentleman from this Chamber that favors abortion. But should return to that Mexico City pol- New York? the people who are discussing this issue icy and not fund programs that provide There was no objection. today recognize the serious, severe po- abortion services. The CHAIRMAN. The time will be tential calamity if we do not reduce Mr. GILMAN. Mr. Chairman, I yield equally divided between the minority the number of people, the huge bur- the balance of my time to the gentle- and the majority to manage. geoning population growth, especially woman from Maryland [Mrs. MORELLA], Mr. VOLKMER. Mr. Chairman, I ask in underdeveloped countries, where and ask unanimous consent that she be unanimous consent to control the time they will never have an economy that allowed to control that time. on this side. The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection can support the people, they do not to the request of the gentleman from to the request of the gentleman from have resources right now that can sup- New York? Missouri? port their population. There was no objection. So it is necessary for us to sit down There was no objection. The CHAIRMAN. Who will control together, pro-choice people, pro-life Mrs. MORELLA. Mr. Chairman, I time for the majority? people, and think of thoughtful, cre- yield 3 minutes to the gentleman from Mr. GILMAN. Mr. Chairman, I will ative solutions that can solve the prob- Pennsylvania [Mr. GREENWOOD]. lem, so that abortions will become un- control the time until the gentle- b 1145 woman from Maryland [Mrs. MORELLA] necessary as a result of the funds that returns. we provide through education. Mr. GREENWOOD. Mr. Chairman, I Mr. Chairman, I yield 3 minutes to Mr. Chairman, I urge my colleagues rise in very strong support of the the gentleman from Maryland [Mr. to support the gentlewoman from Morella amendment to the Smith lan- GILCHREST]. Maryland’s amendment. guage. Mr. GILCHREST. Mr. Chairman, I Mr. VOLKMER. Mr. Chairman, I I believe that every Member of this thank the gentleman for yielding. yield 2 minutes to the gentleman from body who calls him or herself pro- Mr. Chairman, I rise today in support South Carolina [Mr. INGLIS]. choice should be a yes vote on the of the amendment of the gentlewoman Mr. INGLIS of South Carolina. Mr. Morella amendment but so should from Maryland [Mrs. MORELLA]. The Chairman, I thank the gentleman for every Member of this body who calls amendment continues the policy of yielding. him or herself pro-life but also sup- preventing funds provided to UNFPA Mr. Chairman, I rise in strong sup- ports family planning, who also sup- from being spent in China. Further, the port of the Smith amendment and in ports child survival programs around United States representative to the strong opposition to the Morella the world. UNFPA must seek condemnation of amendment, and to make three very The language in the bill gives every China’s coercive population policy, and brief points. Member of this body who is pro-life the amendment prevents funds to First, I think we need to approach anything they could possibly want. It groups that lobby for changes in abor- this, every time the word ‘‘abortion’’ is prohibits use of U.S. funds for abortion. tion laws in other countries. It does mentioned on this floor, with tremen- But it also, unfortunately, produces a just about everything that anybody dous compassion for the victims of result that no Member of this body wants it to do. abortion that are walking around could possibly want, and that is to This amendment is the reasonable today. Unfortunately, most of us have deny life saving services to innocent approach that our foreign policy should had experience with abortion. Some- people around the world, many of them take with respect to family planning where in the family there is somebody children. programs. The aid provided by the hurting from this tragedy of abortion. Mr. Chairman, whether we are talk- United States for the purpose of im- So every time it comes up on the floor, ing about a hospital in Russia, a com- proving knowledge and access to fam- I think it is important to indicate com- munity center in India or Bangladesh, ily planning methods is an important passion for those for whom this is a a hospital in Kenyatta, where on one investment in helping people improve very painful memory. The question side of the hospital, with private funds, the quality of their lives. then becomes why would we export this abortions are being performed and they Just listen to some of these statis- pain to other countries? will continue to be performed with or tics. In 1830, the world’s population The second point I would like to without this language, precisely be- reached 1 billion people. Today the make is, is it not wonderful to have a cause those nations lack family plan- world’s population is close to 6 billion bipartisan discussion here? It is sort of ning services. And on the other side of people. In the year 2020, 8 billion people a break here on the floor where you the hospital services are being provided are expected to live on earth. In 40 have Republicans and Democrats of that all of the Members in support of years the population is expected to good faith working together to restore my friend’s amendment say they sup- double, to about 12 billion people. Dur- the right policy created in 1984 under port, family planning services, also ing the years 2000 to 2025, the poorest Ronald Reagan. providing services of child nutrition, countries will grow the fastest, ac- The third point I would like to make child inoculation, services to save counting for 5.1 billion people of the is money is fungible. Any time you young lives. world’s population. have funding for a program, the money This amendment would cut off funds Twenty-five percent of the Earth is is fungible. That means if the money to those institutions, simply because in land, and that is where we live. We do comes to that program, yes, it may be another wing of the hospital, unrelated H 5498 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE May 24, 1995 to those services, not using American Mrs. MORELLA. Mr. Chairman, I Clinton also outright repealed the money at all, abortions are performed. yield 2 minutes to the gentlewoman Mexico City policy, which prohibited For that reason, Mr. Chairman, those from Connecticut [Mrs. JOHNSON]. United States funding from going to of us who do not want to see abortion (Mrs. JOHNSON of Connecticut asked nongovernmental organizations which used as a method of birth control or and was given permission to revise and perform abortions and which lobby family planning but do want to see extend her remarks.) internationally for the repeal of laws that family planning continues inter- Mrs. JOHNSON of Connecticut. Mr. protecting unborn children and their nationally along with American funds Chairman, I rise today in support of mothers from abortion. for child survival programs should sup- the Morella amendment to the Smith Now, regardless of one’s personal port the Morella amendment. The amendment. Family planning money view of whether abortion is right or Morella amendment amending the that the United States contributes an- wrong, one generally agreed-upon prin- Smith amendment is a good com- nually to the United Nations Popu- ciple is that taxpayers’ dollars should promise that we should all support. lation Fund has had an extremely posi- not be used for its promotion. These Mr. VOLKMER. Mr. Chairman, I tive impact in developing countries drastic policy changes made by the yield 30 seconds to the gentleman from throughout the world. In the 28 coun- Clinton administration completely fly New Jersey [Mr. SMITH]. tries with the largest U.S. AID-spon- in the face of this principle. Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. Mr. Chair- sored family planning programs, the The Smith amendment contains man, let me point out to my friends average number of children born per nothing radical—it simply puts into that on the Child Survival Program, I family has dropped from six in the law what was practiced prior to Clin- take a back seat to nobody. In the mid- 1960’s to about four today, a decline of ton’s coming to office. It is Clinton’s 1980’s, I authored the continuation of nearly one-third. policy that is radical, forcing U.S. tax- that program and made sure that Providing women with the means to payers to fund organizations that pro- money for immunization and oral control fertility enables them to better mote or lobby for abortion as a method rehydration and the like was available. provide for the children they choose to of family planning overseas. This language comports, I am not have. Thailand has made controlling To my colleagues, I say let us stick talking about the Morella language, the rate of population growth a prior- to the principle that has served U.S. the Smith language, with that whole ity issue in their development, and it family planning funding overseas well idea that children born and unborn are has paid off. The average number of for so many years—that taxpayers precious and valuable. When the Mex- children born to Thai women has de- should not be forced to support coer- ico City policy was in effect during the clined from 6 in the 1960’s to the re- cive population control or the pro- Reagan and Bush years, child survival placement level of 2.1 now. That means motion of abortion as a method of fam- was not hurt. Family planning organi- better health; that means less poverty; ily planning. zations had agreed to put a wall of sep- that means less tragedy in the lives of Mr. Chairman, I urge a ‘‘no’’ vote on aration between abortion, and family women and children in Thailand and a the Morella amendment and a ‘‘yes’’ planning got their money. Only the far better future for everyone. vote on the Smith amendment. crusaders for abortion disqualified Let me point out to my colleagues Mr. VOLKMER. Mr. Chairman, I themselves by not agreeing to the that current law already prohibits the yield 1 minute to the gentleman from walls. use of U.S. funds to either pay for or Mississippi [Mr. WICKER]. Mr. VOLKMER. Mr. Chairman, how lobby for abortion. We do not need the (Mr. WICKER asked and was given much time remains on both sides? Smith amendment. The Smith amend- permission to revise and extend his re- The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman ment, however, would cut off all for- marks.) from Missouri [Mr. VOLKMER] has 81⁄2 eign aid not just for family planning Mr. WICKER. Mr. Chairman, I thank minutes remaining, and the gentle- but to any organization that performs the gentleman for yielding time to me. woman from Maryland [Mrs. MORELLA] abortions so that local hospitals This debate has nothing to do with has 5 minutes remaining. throughout the world that legally per- family planning. It has everything to Mr. VOLKMER. Mr. Chairman, I form abortions would be denied any do with coerced family planning. The yield 1 minute to the gentlewoman foreign aid for child nutrition pro- Smith amendment has everything to from California [Mrs. SEASTRAND]. grams, disease prevention or other do with funding of forced abortions and Mrs. SEASTRAND. Mr. Chairman, I basic health services for women and everything to do the use of American rise in strong support of the Smith families, simply because those institu- taxpayer dollars to support organiza- amendment and strongly oppose the tions, according to their national law, tions which perform abortions overseas Morella amendment. perform abortions. and which lobby for pro-abortion poli- The Smith amendment is a straight- This is tragic. This is a stunning ex- cies. forward attempt to make sure that the ample of U.S. hubris that we are will- As my colleague from Texas just American people are not forced to use ing to micromanage the domestic and pointed out, the Smith amendment their tax dollars to subsidize abortions health policies of developing nations. reenacts, simply reenacts, a policy around the world. I think all Ameri- I urge my colleagues to support the which was in effect during the Reagan cans, virtually all Americans, no mat- Morella amendment, maintain the ban and Bush years. I hope my colleagues ter where they stand on the issue of against any U.S. dollars for abortion, can agree that the United States abortion, agree that millions of abor- maintain the ban against any U.S. dol- should not be spending American tax- tions around the world is a human lars used to lobby for abortion, but pre- payer dollars promoting abortion any- tragedy and what makes this tragedy serve health services for women and where or promoting China’s forced even worse is the fact that some na- children and population growth pro- abortion policy. tions impose abortion. grams, population control programs I urge my colleagues to vote ‘‘no’’ on The Chinese population control pol- throughout the world. the Morella amendment and to vote icy forces women to have abortions. I Mr. VOLKMER. Mr. Chairman, I ‘‘yes’’ on the Smith amendment. can think of few established policies yield 11⁄2 minutes to the gentleman Mrs. MORELLA. Mr. Chairman, I that are more antiwoman or policies from Texas [Mr. DELAY]. yield 1 minute to the distinguished that are making women victims. Mr. DELAY. Mr. Chairman, when gentlewoman from Texas [Ms. JACK- This is not about family planning. President Clinton took office in 1993, SON-LEE]. Most Americans support responsible he changed U.S. family planning policy Ms. JACKSON-LEE. Mr. Chairman, I family planning. But support for fam- overseas in fundamental ways. thank the distinguished gentlewoman ily planning does not mean support for He reinterpreted law with regard to from Maryland [Mrs. MORELLA] for her subsidizing abortions around the world. funding for the U.N. Population Fund leadership on this issue. There is no reason why this Congress so that United States dollars could be I simply ask the question, Mr. Chair- should continue to provide financial used in China, where it is well-known man, are we in fact our brothers’ and support for these types of international that a brutal and coercive birth quota sisters’ keepers? And yes, we are. This organizations. policy is in place. Nation has been in the forefront of May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H 5499 seeking peace but as well of helping It is inconceivable to me that as we Mrs. SMITH of Washington. Mr. those who cannot help themselves. Un- debate the American Overseas Interest Chairman, I thank the gentleman for less we implement the Morella amend- Act—a bill which attempts to support yielding time to me. ment, 139 countries across this world basic human rights across the globe— Mr. Chairman, I want to talk about a will lose opportunities for informed, that the Congress would even consider woman who, except for being in an- educated family planning. And yes, denying the most basic human right, other country, would look a lot like millions of families across this inter- LIFE. me. Her name is Chee An. She is a Chi- national family will lose the oppor- Mr. SMITH’S amendment will codify nese citizen. I want to give the Mem- tunity to be informed and educated the Mexico City policy and ensure that bers her words as she came back from about the ability to do wise family United States tax dollars do not sup- an abortionist. planning. port China’s coercive population con- She said: Where are we in this instance? Are trol policies. The Smith amendment is The population control official gave me an we willing then to cause the annihila- not a gag rule and will have no effect ultimatum. ‘‘I have made an appointment for tion of young children, through hunger on private organizations that merely you tomorrow at 8 a.m.,’’ she told me. ‘‘If and disease simply because we have not you miss it, the party secretary swears the advise, counsel, or refer women for consequences will be serious.’’ I knew I had further informed these families of the whatever types of abortions are legal no choice, and the next morning, escorted by opportunities of sure family planning? within a given country. Rather, the the population control officials, I went to Mr. Chairman, this is a wise amend- Smith amendment will simply ensure the hospital. The following days passed in a ment. I encourage us to support the that the United States will not pay for haze of emotional pain. Morella amendment that aids us in abortions or impose a proabortion doc- I want to tell the Members, under the providing support for our brothers and trine in foreign countries. Smith amendment we would be assured sisters across the world for family I urge my colleagues to support the that our tax dollars would not go to planning. Smith amendment. The right to life is that. I ask American women to listen Mr. VOLKMER. Mr. Chairman, I the most fundamental human right— carefully. After Clinton changed the yield 1 minute to the gentleman from both here and abroad. policy, money can be shifted and shuf- Missouri [Mr. EMERSON], who has been Mr. VOLKMER. Mr. Chairman, I fled to where money that is given for an outstanding advocate for the pro- yield myself 30 seconds. birth control, as we know it, IUDs, life position. Mr. Chairman, I rise in strong opposi- condoms, and such, forces women like (Mr. EMERSON asked and was given tion to the Morella amendment and in Chian into stirrups. permission to revise and extend his re- favor of the Smith amendment. I will tell the Members, I started in marks.) I would like to cut through all the the proabortion, and none of us ever Mr. EMERSON. Mr. Chairman, I rise rhetoric that has been heard here believed our tax dollars would go to in strong opposition to the Morella today for a little over the last hour and forcing a woman into stirrups. I have amendment and in support of the put it very simply. If you are in favor to tell the Members, if there is one Smith amendment. of using taxpayers money to kill ba- woman that is kept from this inhu- Mr. Chairman, I rise today to give mane position, we have done great my strong support to the Smith bies, then I say vote for Morella. If you are in favor of saving those babies and things today by passing the Smith amendment to the bill which codifies amendment. the Mexico City policy and prohibits not using taxpayers money to kill ba- bies, then I say vote for Smith. Mr. VOLKMER. Mr. Chairman, I funding to the U.N. Fund for Popu- yield 30 seconds to the gentleman from lation Activities unless that organiza- Mrs. MORELLA. Mr. Chairman, I yield 1 minute to the gentleman from Nebraska [Mr. CHRISTENSEN]. tion discontinues all activities in Mr. CHRISTENSEN. Mr. Chairman, I California [Mr. BERMAN]. China. thank the gentleman for yielding time Mr. BERMAN. Mr. Chairman, I think During the 1970’s and early 1980’s, for- to me. eign nongovernment organizations the gentleman from New Jersey and Mr. Chairman, 95 nations, including were the major source of funding for a the proponents of the Smith approach all, I repeat all, of Latin America, most number of groups which promoted have some obligation to explain to the of Africa, and much of the rest of the abortion and the legalization of abor- body the effectiveness of their strat- developing world have laws that are tion in developing countries. Adopted egy. protective of unborn children. We have in 1984, the Mexico City policy substan- Coercive abortion and coercive poli- allowed our own proabortion laws to tially changed the United States posi- cies are going on in China. We pulled undermine American values at the ex- tion on funding such organizations by out for many years. Nothing changed. pense of 4,000 children killed every day. stipulating that the Agency for Inter- Things got worse. Meanwhile, you cut The Clinton administration arrogantly national Development will NOT fund out a whole bunch of positive, impor- believes we should require this poison any private organization which partici- tant profamily planning programs all to be spread to other nations. We need pates in performing or promoting abor- over the world. to defeat the Morella amendment and tion as a method of family planning. The Morella amendment in this bill pass the amendment offered by the A year later, in 1985, the House ap- reduces the amendment by the amend- gentleman from New Jersey [Mr. proved the Kemp-Kasten amendment ment they put in to China, requires SMITH]. which denies funds to organizations them not to support any process and Mr. VOLKMER. Mr. Chairman, I that support coercive population pro- allows the other programs to go on. yield 11⁄2 minutes to the gentleman grams. Funding is denied the UNFPA You cannot keep pushing things on from New Jersey [Mr. SMITH], our out- due to its active participation in Chi- rhetorical and ideological basis with- standing leader. na’s population control program—its out some look at the consequences of Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. Mr. Chair- one-child-per-family program. what you are doing. Your policy did man, I thank my good friend for yield- Today, the Clinton administration is not work. You tried it. China went on, ing time to me. conducting an ideological crusade to continued to do it, and all you have Mr. Chairman, I would like to ask my expand access to abortion throughout done is hurt important and good pro- colleagues how they would think they the developing world. The Clinton ad- grams all around the world. would feel if they, their loves ones, in- ministration’s policy was announced I urge a vote for the Morella amend- cluding families and friends, were by Under Secretary Tim Wirth in a ment and defeat the Smith amend- forced to live in a land where brothers speech to a U.N. population meeting in ment. and sisters were officially declared ille- 1993. Mr. Wirth stated that the Clinton gal; where only one child per couple is b administration’s position was to, ‘‘sup- 1200 permitted; where children, if not ex- port reproductive choice, including ac- Mr. VOLKMER. Mr. Chairman, I plicitly authorized by a birth quota cess to safe abortion’’ and to make yield 11⁄2 minutes to the gentlewoman system, engineered by the Government, such ‘‘reproductive choice’’ available from Washington [Mrs. SMITH], who is are literally stolen from their moms to every woman by the year 2000. a strong advocate of life. and killed with poison by population H 5500 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE May 24, 1995 control fanatics; where, as we talk, a support of the Smith amendment. The Smith worldÐand the U.S.Ðfaces. We must not new policy of eugenics reminiscent of amendment will reinstate the long-standing adopt a policy that would cut off funding to the the Nazis has just gone into effect prohibition on providing taxpayer dollars to any organizations that are the most effective in re- across the country, and then to know private organization that performs or promotes ducing unwanted pregnancies, as the Smith that the United Nations Population abortion in foreign countries. amendment would do. To do so would be ut- Fund is there whitewashing these The Smith amendment is correct in rec- terly senseless. crimes against humanity in all kinds of ognizing that promoting abortion is never in At this moment, nearly 5.7 billion people international fora where apologists the true interests of our Nation. Over 95 coun- share our planet. By this time tomorrow, an- will stand up and say, ‘‘But our money tries in Central and South America and Africa other quarter of a million will be added to that is not going to do that.’’ have laws on the books against abortion on number. We all know money is fungible. The demand. The Hyde amendment, prohibiting Ninety-five percent of the newcomers will be Morella amendment allows the FPA to taxpayer funded abortions here in the United born in the developing world. Many of them take the United States donation, put it States, has been in effect for years. will die in childhood of malnutrition or disease, The United States has no business using in their right pocket, and it frees up and most of the rest will live out their lives in American taxpayer dollars to overturn abortion other money that they would send to countries that cannot begin to adequately take laws in other countries. Why would we, as a China where this terrible crime and ex- care of their existing populations, where there nation, encourage a practice that is so divisive ploitation of women is daily practiced. are already too few jobs, inadequate schools, and controversial in our own country? Remember, too, that the U.N. FPA inadequate health care, inadequate amounts Executive Director has said that this is The Smith amendment provides clear rules that will ensure that no taxpayer dollars will be of food and, usually, very little, if any, individ- a totally voluntary program. That is a ual freedom. big lie, Mr. Chairman. It is not true. It diverted for any form of abortion promotion. The outrageous practice of forced abortion in By the year 2020, the world's already is a terrible crime against women. strained and overexploited resources will have She has always said we need to ex- China demands such clear and strong rules as to sustain life for more than 8 billion peopleÐ port the experience of the Chinese Gov- proposed by the Smith amendment. an increase of 21¤2 billion, most of them des- ernment. God forbid. We would never It should be noted that the Smith amend- perately poor, in just 25 years. allow it to happen here. If we were told ment will not prevent private individuals from In much of the developing world, high birth that women had to be forcibly aborted, promoting family planning or abortion around rates, caused largely by the lack of access of there would be rioting in the streets. the globe. Rather, the Smith amendment rein- women to basic reproductive health services Defeat the Morella amendment. I urge states a sound policy that was in effect under and information, are contributing to intractable Members to support the underlying the Reagan and Bush administrations. It is a poverty, malnutrition, widespread unemploy- amendment, the Smith amendment. policy that reflects the views of most Ameri- Mrs. MORELLA. Mr. Chairman, I cans. Family planning is important but killing ment, urban overcrowding, and the rapid yield myself such time as I may the unborn is just as wrong in Africa, Asia, or spread of disease. Population growth is out- consume. Latin America as it is in the United States. stripping the capacity of many nations to make Ms. FURSE. Mr. Chairman, the con- Mr. Chairman, I am really very sur- even modest gains in economic development, sequences of rapid population growth include prised about the rhetoric, not only the leading to political instability and negating poverty, unemployment, hunger and malnutri- hyperbole, but the accuracy of what other U.S. development efforts. tion, economic degradation, and urban decay. The impact of exponential population the amendment would do. These conditions may very well worsen be- Under the bill already, Mr. Chair- growth, combined with unsustainable patterns fore they improveÐespecially in countries ex- man, none of the funds authorized of consumption, is also evident in mounting periencing high rates of population growth. would be used to help manage a pro- signs of stress on the world's environment. Forty-five percent or more of the populace in Under conditions of rapid population growth, gram of any coercive abortion. No several developing countriesÐincluding Libya, funds can be used for abortion. No renewable resources are being used faster Syria, Iraq, Nigeria, Ethiopia, Kenya, Cam- than they can be replaced. Other direct, and funds can be used for lobbying. In fact, bodia, Guatemala, and HondurasÐhave not there is a reduction of the percentage catastrophic, environmental consequences of yet reached their reproductive years. the world's burgeoning population are tropical that the United States would give to We must mobilize resources to achieve sta- deforestation, erosion of arable land and wa- U.N. FPA for any funds that go to bilization of our human numbers through mod- tersheds, extinction of plant and animal spe- China. We have spoken against China’s ern, safe, effective family planning. Abortion is cies, and pollution of air, water, and land. policies. The amendment would also di- not a means of family planning. It is a proce- rect the United States representative dure resorted to when people lack access to Overpopulation, however, is not a problem at the U.N. FPA to censure Chinese modern family planning methods or appro- for developing countries only. Rapid popu- policies. priate information and knowledge about such lation growth in already overcrowded and un- Mr. Chairman, I want to reflect on methods. derdeveloped areas of the world has given the previous reference to the woman Those voting on the Smith amendment rise to an unprecedented pressure to migrate, looking for an abortion. She may well should know that it is really not about abortion. as people seek decent, and more hopeful lives be a Russian woman. Russian women It would not prevent a single abortion. It is an for themselves and their families. According to have an average of 9 abortions during amendment to limit funds for the U.N. Popu- a report by the United Nations Population their lifetime. Why? Because they do lation FundÐthe largest multilateral provider of Fund [UNFPA], over 100 million people, or not have access to family planning. We family planning services for poor women. nearly 2 percent of the world's population, are are not talking about any proabortion Thus, its approval would limit access to family already international migrants, and countless policies, we are talking about policies planning, which is what it would indeed to. I others are refugees within their own countries. that are going to enable people to have intend to vote against it and call on my col- Many of the world's industrialized nations are the ability to manage their lives and leagues to do the same. now straining to absorb huge numbers of peo- their families, and to avoid the need Mr. BEILENSON. Mr. Chairman, I rise in ple, and in the future, as shortages of jobs for any abortion. strong support of the amendment offered by and living space in urban areas, and re- The amendment of the gentleman the gentlewoman from Maryland [Mrs. sources such as water, agricultural land, and from New Jersey [Mr. SMITH] is not MORELLA], and in opposition to the amend- new places to dispose of waste grow even about cutting off China; it is about cut- ment offered by the gentleman from New Jer- more acute, there will be even greater pres- ting off family planning aid to 139 sey [Mr. SMITH]. sure to emigrate. other countries. We know the world The effect of the Smith amendment would Population growth is an enormous problem, population tops 5 billion. Many of us be to cripple the ability of such organizations but one we can solveÐif we make a deter- will live to see it double by 2025. I urge as the UNFPA and International Planned Par- mined effort to do so. Over the last three dec- adoption of the amendment. The enthood to make available family planning ades, population programs have been remark- Morella amendment is endorsed by the services to millions of women and men around ably successful. Since the early 1960's, con- committee of jurisdiction and I hope the world, at a time when we need these serv- traceptive use worldwide has gone up from by this House. ices more than ever, not less than before. roughly 10 percent of couples to over 50 per- Mr. BACHUS. Mr. Chairman, I rise in strong The rapid growth of the world's human pop- cent today. And over the same period, the opposition to the Morella amendment and in ulation is the most serious problem the number of births per woman dropped from 6 May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H 5501 to 3.3, almost half the fertility of just one gen- family planning assistance are used as effec- Schroeder Thomas Ward eration ago. Much of this progress is a direct tively as possible is one of the most humane Schumer Thompson Waters Scott Thornton Watt (NC) result of U.S. involvement. In the 28 countries and farsighted efforts we can undertake. Pro- Serrano Thurman Waxman with the largest USAID-sponsored family plan- viding adequate funding now will save many Shaw Torkildsen White ning programs, the average number of chil- times this expense in future U.S. foreign as- Shays Torres Williams dren per family has dropped from 6.1 in the sistance, will greatly reduce human suffering, Sisisky Torricelli Wilson Skaggs Towns Wise mid-1960's to 4.2 today. and will promote global peace and security. Slaughter Traficant Woolsey These international trends, however, while I urge our colleagues to support the Morella Spratt Upton Wyden highly encouraging, conceal great demo- amendment. Stark Velazquez Wynn graphic diversity among countries and regions. The CHAIRMAN. The question is on Stokes Vento Yates In most of sub-Saharan Africa and some Pa- the amendment offered by the gentle- Studds Visclosky Zimmer cific Island countries, where family planning woman from Maryland [Mrs. MORELLA] NOES—227 services are not yet widely available, contra- to the amendment offered by the gen- Allard Gekas Norwood ceptive use is below 15 percent, and women tleman from New Jersey [Mr. SMITH]. Archer Geren Nussle bear an average of six or more children. At The question was taken; and the Armey Gillmor Oberstar the global level, an estimated 350 million cou- Chairman announced that the noes ap- Bachus Goodlatte Ortiz ples do not have access to a full range of Baker (CA) Goodling Orton peared to have it. Baker (LA) Goss modern family planning information and serv- Oxley RECORDED VOTE Ballenger Graham Packard ices. One indication of the large unmet de- Mrs. MORELLA. Mr. Chairman, I de- Barcia Gutknecht Parker mand for more and better family planning Barr Hall (OH) Paxon mand a recorded vote. services is the estimated 50 million abortions Barrett (NE) Hall (TX) Peterson (MN) Bartlett Hancock that occur every year, many of them unsafe. A recorded vote was ordered. Petri The CHAIRMAN. Pursuant to clause Barton Hastert Pombo But time is of the essence. How quickly we Bateman Hastings (WA) 2(c) of rule XXIII, the Chair announces Portman provide worldwide access to family planning Bereuter Hayes Poshard and reproductive health services is crucial. that he may reduce to not less than 5 Bevill Hayworth Quillen Like compound interest applied to financial minutes the period of time within Bilirakis Hefley Quinn which a rollcall vote by electronic de- Bliley Heineman Radanovich savings, high fertility rates produce ever-grow- Blute Herger vice may be taken without intervening Rahall ing future populations. For example, if a Boehner Hilleary Regula woman bears three children instead of six, business on the amendment offered by Bonilla Hoekstra Riggs and her children and grandchildren do like- the gentleman from New Jersey [Mr. Bonior Hoke Roberts SMITH]. Bono Holden Roemer wise, she will have 27 great-grandchildren Borski Hostettler The vote was taken by electronic de- Rohrabacher rather than 216. Brewster Hunter Ros-Lehtinen That is why it is absolutely essential that we vice, and there were—ayes 198, noes 227, Browder Hutchinson Roth adopt the Morella amendment and continue not voting 9, as follows: Brownback Hyde Royce Bryant (TN) Inglis the progress we have been making toward re- [Roll No. 349] Salmon Bunn Istook Sanford ducing population growth. At the International AYES—198 Bunning Johnson, Sam Saxton Conference on Population and Development Burr Jones Scarborough Abercrombie Fawell Lewis (GA) Burton Kanjorski [ICPD], held in Cairo last year, the United Ackerman Fields (LA) Lincoln Schaefer Buyer Kasich Andrews Filner Lofgren Seastrand States was instrumental in helping to build a Callahan Kildee Baesler Flake Lowey Sensenbrenner broad consensus behind a comprehensive Camp Kim Baldacci Foglietta Luther Shadegg Canady King program of action, which was signed by al- Barrett (WI) Foley Maloney Shuster Chabot Kingston most all of the 180 countries that participated Bass Ford Markey Skeen Chambliss Klink Becerra Fowler Martinez Skelton in the conference, and which will help guide Chenoweth Knollenberg Beilenson Frank (MA) Martini Smith (MI) the population and development programs of Christensen LaFalce Bentsen Franks (CT) Matsui Smith (NJ) Chrysler LaHood the United Nations and national governments Berman Franks (NJ) McCarthy Smith (TX) Clinger Largent into the next century. Central to this plan is Bilbray Frelinghuysen McDermott Smith (WA) Coble Latham the recognition that with adequate funding this Bishop Frost McHale Solomon Boehlert Furse McKinney Coburn LaTourette decade for family planning and reproductive Collins (GA) Laughlin Souder Boucher Gejdenson Meehan Spence Brown (CA) Gephardt Meek Combest Lewis (CA) health services, as well as educational, eco- Stearns Brown (FL) Gibbons Menendez Cooley Lewis (KY) nomic, and social opportunities necessary to Stenholm Brown (OH) Gilchrest Mfume Costello Lightfoot Stockman enhance the status of women, we can sta- Bryant (TX) Gilman Miller (CA) Cox Linder bilize world population in the first half of the Cardin Gonzalez Mineta Crane Lipinski Stump next century. Castle Gordon Minge Crapo Livingston Stupak Talent The ICPD program of action represents a Chapman Green Mink Cremeans LoBiondo Clay Greenwood Moakley Cunningham Longley Tanner historic opportunity to address adequately the Clayton Gunderson Moran de la Garza Lucas Tate causes and effects of the world's rapidly grow- Clement Gutierrez Morella Deal Manton Tauzin ing population, while placing an emphasis on Clyburn Hamilton Nadler DeLay Manzullo Taylor (MS) Taylor (NC) individual choice and freedom. To meet this Coleman Harman Neal Diaz-Balart Mascara Collins (IL) Hastings (FL) Obey Dickey McCollum Tejeda challenge, the international communityÐdevel- Collins (MI) Hefner Olver Doolittle McCrery Thornberry oping and industrial countries alikeÐhas Condit Hilliard Owens Dornan McHugh Tiahrt agreed to increase spending dramatically to Conyers Hinchey Pallone Doyle McInnis Tucker Volkmer achieve universal access to family planning Coyne Hobson Pastor Dreier McIntosh Cramer Horn Payne (NJ) Duncan McKeon Vucanovich and basic reproductive health services. In Danner Houghton Payne (VA) Ehlers McNulty Waldholtz order to fulfill our responsibility under the Davis Hoyer Pelosi Emerson Metcalf Walker Cairo agreement, the United States would DeFazio Jackson-Lee Pickett English Mica Walsh DeLauro Jacobs Pomeroy Ensign Miller (FL) Wamp need to allocate $850 million in fiscal year Dellums Jefferson Porter Everett Molinari Watts (OK) 1996 for international population programs, an Deutsch Johnson (CT) Pryce Ewing Mollohan Weldon (FL) increase of more than $260 million over this Dicks Johnson (SD) Ramstad Fields (TX) Montgomery Weldon (PA) Dingell Johnson, E. B. Rangel Flanagan Moorhead Weller year's level. Dixon Johnston Reed The U.S. contribution under this bill will no Forbes Murtha Whitfield Doggett Kaptur Reynolds Fox Myers Wicker doubt fall short. The fiscal reality of our Na- Dooley Kelly Richardson Frisa Myrick Wolf tion's fiscal situation has eroded our ability to Dunn Kennedy (MA) Rivers Funderburk Nethercutt Young (AK) Durbin Kennedy (RI) Rose fully fund even the most effective and cost-effi- Gallegly Neumann Young (FL) Edwards Kennelly Roukema Ganske Ney Zeliff cient programs. But we should still do as Ehrlich Klug Roybal-Allard much as we can. The Morella amendment will Engel Kolbe Rush Eshoo Lantos Sabo NOT VOTING—9 prevent the crippling of our efforts in this area. Evans Lazio Sanders Calvert Hansen Meyers Mr. Chairman, combating rapid population Farr Leach Sawyer Cubin Kleczka Peterson (FL) growth by ensuring that our limited dollars for Fattah Levin Schiff Fazio McDade Rogers H 5502 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE May 24, 1995 b 1223 LaHood Norwood Smith (MI) Wilson Wyden Zimmer Largent Nussle Smith (NJ) Wise Wynn ANNOUNCEMENT BY THE CHAIRMAN Latham Oberstar Smith (TX) Woolsey Yates The CHAIRMAN. The Chair advises LaTourette Obey Smith (WA) Laughlin Ortiz Solomon NOT VOTING—13 Members that there has been a problem Lewis (CA) Orton Souder Calvert Johnston Meyers with one of the voting machines, so the Lewis (KY) Oxley Spence Cubin Kleczka Peterson (FL) Members are asked to please confirm Lightfoot Packard Stearns Fazio Klink Rogers their vote with the screen and in the Linder Parker Stenholm Franks (NJ) McDade Lipinski Paxon Stockman Hansen McDermott voting machine. Livingston Peterson (MN) Stump LoBiondo Petri Stupak b 1235 b 1225 Longley Pombo Talent The Clerk announced the following Lucas Portman Tanner Messrs. MOORHEAD, DORNAN, and Manton Poshard Tate pairs: BUYER changed their vote from ‘‘aye’’ Manzullo Quillen Tauzin On this vote: to ‘‘no.’’ Mascara Quinn Taylor (MS) Mr. Calvert for, with Mr. Johnston of Flor- Messrs. SABO, CLAYBURN, and McCollum Radanovich Taylor (NC) ida against. McCrery Rahall Tejeda DAVIS changed their vote from ‘‘no’’ McHugh Regula Thornberry Mrs. Cubin for, with Mr. McDermott to ‘‘aye.’’ McInnis Riggs Thornton against. So the amendment to the amendment McIntosh Roberts Tiahrt Mr. DAVIS and Mr. THOMAS McKeon Roemer Tucker changed their vote from ‘‘aye’’ to ‘‘no.’’ was rejected. McNulty Rohrabacher Volkmer The result of the vote was announced Metcalf Ros-Lehtinen Vucanovich So the amendment was agreed to. as above recorded. Mica Roth Waldholtz The result of the vote was announced Miller (FL) Royce Walker as above recorded. f Moakley Salmon Walsh Molinari Sanford Wamp f PERSONAL EXPLANATION Mollohan Saxton Watts (OK) Montgomery Scarborough Weldon (FL) PERSONAL EXPLANATION Mr. ROGERS. Mr. Chairman, on roll- Moorhead Schaefer Weldon (PA) Mr. ROGERS. Mr. Chairman, on roll- call No. 349, I was unavoidably de- Murtha Seastrand Weller tained. Had I been present, I would Myers Sensenbrenner Whitfield call No. 350, I was unavoidably de- have voted ‘‘no.’’ Myrick Shadegg Wicker tained. Had I been present, I would Neal Shaw Wolf have voted ‘‘aye.’’ The CHAIRMAN. The question is on Nethercutt Shuster Young (AK) The CHAIRMAN. The Committee will the amendment offered by the gen- Neumann Skeen Young (FL) rise informally in order that the House tleman from New Jersey [Mr. SMITH]. Ney Skelton Zeliff may receive a message. The question was taken; and the NOES—181 Chairman announced that the ayes ap- f Abercrombie Furse Moran peared to have it. Ackerman Gejdenson Morella MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT RECORDED VOTE Andrews Gephardt Nadler Baesler Gibbons Olver The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. Mr. Chair- Baldacci Gilchrest Owens LAHOOD) assumed the Chair. man, I demand a recorded vote. Barrett (WI) Gilman Pallone The SPEAKER pro tempore. The A recorded vote was ordered. Bass Gonzalez Pastor Chair will receive a message. The CHAIRMAN. This is a 5-minute Becerra Gordon Payne (NJ) Beilenson Green Payne (VA) f vote. Bentsen Greenwood Pelosi The vote was taken by electronic de- Berman Gunderson Pickett MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT vice, and there were—ayes 240, noes 181, Bilbray Gutierrez Pomeroy Bishop Hamilton Porter A message in writing from the Presi- not voting 13, as follows: Boehlert Harman Pryce dent of the United States was commu- [Roll No. 350] Boucher Hastings (FL) Ramstad nicated to the House by Mr. Edwin Brown (CA) Hefner Rangel AYES—240 Brown (FL) Hilliard Reed Thomas, one of his secretaries. Allard Clinger Ganske Brown (OH) Hinchey Reynolds The SPEAKER pro tempore. The Archer Coble Gekas Bryant (TX) Hobson Richardson Committee will resume its sitting. Armey Coburn Geren Cardin Horn Rivers Bachus Collins (GA) Gillmor Castle Houghton Rose f Baker (CA) Combest Goodlatte Chapman Hoyer Roukema Baker (LA) Condit Goodling Clay Jackson-Lee Roybal-Allard AMERICAN OVERSEAS INTERESTS Ballenger Cooley Goss Clayton Jefferson Rush ACT OF 1995 Barcia Costello Graham Clyburn Johnson (CT) Sabo Barr Cox Gutknecht Coleman Johnson (SD) Sanders The CHAIRMAN. Are there further Barrett (NE) Cramer Hall (OH) Collins (IL) Johnson, E.B. Sawyer amendments? Bartlett Crane Hall (TX) Collins (MI) Kelly Schiff AMENDMENT OFFERED BY MS. MC KINNEY Barton Crapo Hancock Conyers Kennedy (MA) Schroeder Bateman Cremeans Hastert Coyne Kennedy (RI) Schumer Ms. MCKINNEY. Mr. Chairman, I Bereuter Cunningham Hastings (WA) Davis Kennelly Scott offer an amendment. Bevill Danner Hayes DeFazio Klug Serrano The Clerk read as follows: Bilirakis de la Garza Hayworth DeLauro Kolbe Shays Amendment numbered 16 offered by Ms. Bliley Deal Hefley Dellums Lantos Sisisky Blute DeLay Heineman Deutsch Lazio Skaggs MCKINNEY: After chapter 5 of title XXXI of Boehner Diaz-Balart Herger Dicks Leach Slaughter the bill, insert the following new chapter Bonilla Dickey Hilleary Dingell Levin Spratt (and redesignate the subsequent chapter ac- Bonior Doolittle Hoekstra Dixon Lewis (GA) Stark cordingly and make other appropriate con- Bono Dornan Hoke Doggett Lincoln Stokes forming amendments): Borski Doyle Holden Dooley Lofgren Studds Brewster Dreier Hostettler Durbin Lowey Thomas CHAPTER 6—ARMS TRANSFERS CODE OF Browder Duncan Hunter Edwards Luther Thompson CONDUCT Brownback Dunn Hutchinson Ehrlich Maloney Thurman SEC. 3174. SHORT TITLE. Bryant (TN) Ehlers Hyde Engel Markey Torkildsen This chapter may be cited as the ‘‘Code of Bunn Emerson Inglis Eshoo Martinez Torres Conduct on Arms Transfer Act of 1995’’. Bunning English Istook Evans Martini Torricelli Burr Ensign Jacobs Farr Matsui Towns SEC. 3175. FINDINGS. Burton Everett Johnson, Sam Fattah McCarthy Traficant The Congress finds the following: Buyer Ewing Jones Fawell McHale Upton (1) Approximately 40,000,000 people, over 75 Callahan Fields (TX) Kanjorski Fields (LA) McKinney Velazquez percent civilians, died as a result of civil and Camp Flanagan Kaptur Filner Meehan Vento international wars fought with conventional Canady Foley Kasich Flake Meek Visclosky weapons during the 45 years of the cold war, Chabot Forbes Kildee Foglietta Menendez Ward demonstrating that conventional weapons Chambliss Fowler Kim Ford Mfume Waters Chenoweth Fox King Frank (MA) Miller (CA) Watt (NC) can in fact be weapons of mass destruction. Christensen Frisa Kingston Franks (CT) Mineta Waxman (2) Conflict has actually increased in the Chrysler Funderburk Knollenberg Frelinghuysen Minge White post cold war era, with 34 major wars in Clement Gallegly LaFalce Frost Mink Williams progress during 1993. May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H 5503 (3) War is both a human tragedy and an on- SEC. 3176. PURPOSE. respect to a foreign government for a fiscal going economic disaster affecting the entire The purpose of this chapter is to provide year if— world, including the United States and its clear policy guidelines and congressional re- (1)(A) the President submits a request for economy, because it decimates both local in- sponsibility for determining the eligibility of an exemption to the Congress containing a vestment and potential export markets. foreign governments to be considered for determination that it is in the national secu- (4) International trade in conventional United States military assistance and arms rity interest of the united States to provide weapons increases the risk and impact of war transfers. military assistance and arms transfer to in an already over-militarized world, creat- SEC. 3177. PROHIBITION OF UNITED STATES MILI- such government; and ing far more costs than benefits for the Unit- TARY ASSISTANCE AND ARMS (B) the Congress enacts a law approving ed States economy through increased United TRANSFERS TO CERTAIN FOREIGN such exemption request (including a law con- States defense and foreign assistance spend- GOVERNMENTS. taining an approval of such a request); or ing and reduced demand for United States ci- (a) PROHIBITION.—Except as provided in (2) the President determines that an emer- vilian exports. subsections (b) and (c), beginning on and gency exists under which it is vital to the in- (5) The newly established United Nations after October 1, 1996, United States military terest of the United States to provide mili- Register of Conventional Arms can be an ef- assistance and arms transfers may not be tary assistance and arms transfer to such fective first step in support of limitations on provided to a foreign government for a fiscal government. the supply of conventional weapons to devel- year unless the President certifies to the (d) NOTIFICATIONS TO CONGRESS.— (1) IN GENERAL.—The President shall sub- oping countries and compliance with its re- Congress for that fiscal year that such gov- mit to the Congress initial certifications porting requirements by a foreign govern- ernment meets the following requirements; under subsection (a) and requests for exemp- ment can be an integral tool in determining (1) PROMOTES DEMOCRACY,—Such govern- tions under subsection (c)(1) in conjunction the worthiness of such government for the ment— with the submission of the annual request receipt of United States military assistance (A) was chosen by and permits free and fair for enactment of authorizations and appro- and arms transfers. elections; priations for foreign assistance programs for (6) It is in the national security and eco- (B) promotes civilian control of the mili- a fiscal year and shall, where appropriate, nomic interests of the United States to re- tary and security forces and has civilian in- submit additional or amended certifications duce dramatically the $1,038,000,000,000 that stitutions controlling the policy, operation, and requests for exemptions at any time all countries spend on armed forces every and spending of all new enforcement and se- thereafter in the fiscal year. year, $242,000,000,000 of which is spent by de- curity institutions, as well as the armed (2) DETERMINATION WITH RESPECT TO EMER- veloping countries, an amount equivalent to forces; (C) promotes the rule of law, equality be- GENCY SITUATIONS.—The President shall sub- 4 times the total bilateral and multilateral mit to the Congress at the earliest possible foreign assistance such countries receive fore the law, and respect for individual and minority rights, including freedom to speak, date reports containing determinations with every year. respect to emergencies under subsection (7) According to the Congressional Re- publish, associate, and organize; and (D) promotes the strengthening of politi- (c)(2). Each such report shall contain a de- search Service, the Untied States supplies scription of— more conventional weapons to developing cal, legislative, and civil institutions of de- mocracy, as well as autonomous institutions (A) the nature of the emergency; countries than all other countries combined, (B) the type of military assistance and to monitor the conduct of public officials averaging $14,956,000,000 a year in agreements arms transfers provided to the foreign gov- and to combat corruption. to supply such weapons to developing coun- ernment; and (2) RESPECTS HUMAN RIGHTS.—Such govern- tries since the end of the cold war, compared (C) the cost to the United States of such to $7,300,000,000 a year in such agreements ment— (A) does not engage in gross violations of assistance and arms transfers. prior to the dissolution of the Soviet Union. internationally recognized human rights, in- SEC. 3178. SENSE OF THE CONGRESS. (8) In recent years the vast majority of It is the sense of the Congress that the United States arms transfers to developing cluding— (i) extra judicial or arbitrary executions; Committee on International Relations of the countries are to countries with an undemo- (ii) disappearances; House of Representatives and the Committee cratic form of government whose citizens, (iii) torture or severe mistreatment; on Foreign Relations of the Senate should according to the Department of State Coun- (iv) prolonged arbitrary imprisonment; hold hearings on— try Reports on Human Rights Practices do (v) systematic official discrimination on (1) controversial certifications submitted not have the ability to peaceably change the basis of race, ethnicity, religion, gender, under section 3177(a). their form of government. national origin, or political affiliation; and (2) all requests for exemptions submitted (9) Although a goal of United States for- (vi) grave breaches of international laws of under section 3177(c)(1); and eign policy should be to work with foreign war or equivalent violations of the laws of (3) all determinations with respect to governments and international organizations war in internal conflicts; emergencies under section 3177(c)(2). to reduce militarization and dictatorship and (B) vigorously investigates, disciplines, SEC. 3179. UNITED STATES MILITARY ASSIST- therefore prevent conflicts before they arise, and prosecutes those responsible for gross ANCE AND ARMS TRANSFERS DE- during 4 recent deployments of United States violations of internationally recognized FINED. Armed Forces—to the Republic of Panama, human rights; For purposes of this chapter, the terms the Persian Gulf, Somalia, and Haiti—such (C) permits access on a regular basis to po- ‘‘United States military assistance and arms Armed Forces faced conventional weapons litical prisoners by international humani- transfers’’ and ‘‘military assistance and that had been provided or financed by the tarian organizations such as the Inter- arms transfers’’ means— (1) assistance under chapter 2 of part II of United States to undemocratic governments. national Committee of the Red Cross; (10) The proliferation of conventional arms (D) promotes the independence of the judi- the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (relating and conflicts around the globe are multilat- ciary and other official bodies that oversee to military assistance), including the trans- eral problems, and the fact that the United the protection of human rights; fer of excess defense articles under section States has emerged as the world’s primary (E) does not impede the free functioning of 516 of that Act; (2) assistance under chapter 5 of part II of seller of conventional weapons, combined domestic and international human rights or- the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (relating with the world leadership role of the United ganizations; and States, signifies that the United States is in (F) provides access on a regular basis to to international military education and a position to seek multilateral restraints on humanitarian organizations in situations of training); or (3) the transfer of defense articles, defense the competition for the transfers of conven- conflict or famine. services, or design and construction services tional weapons. (3) NOT ENGAGED IN CERTAIN ACTS OF ARMED under the Arms Export Control Act (exclud- (11) The Congress has the constitutional AGGRESSION.—Such government is not cur- responsibility to participate with the execu- rently engaged in the acts of armed aggres- ing any transfer or other assistance under tive branch in decisions to provide military sion in violation of international law. section 23 of such Act), including defense ar- assistance and arms transfers to a foreign (4) FULL PARTICIPATION IN U.N. REGISTER OF ticles and defense services licensed or ap- government, and in the formulation of a pol- CONVENTIONAL ARMS.—Such government is proved for export under section 38 of that icy designed to reduce dramatically the level fully participating in the United Nations Act. of international militarization. Register of Conventional Arms. Ms. MCKINNEY (during the reading). (12) A decision to provide military assist- (b) REQUIREMENT FOR CONTINUING COMPLI- Mr. Chairman, I ask unanimous con- ance and arms transfers to a government ANCE.—Any certification with respect to a sent that the amendment be considered that is undemocratic, does not adequately foreign government for a fiscal year under as read and printed in the RECORD. protect human rights, is currently engaged subsection (a) shall cease to be effective for The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection in acts of armed aggression, or is not fully that fiscal year if the President certifies to to the request of the gentlewoman participating in the United Nations Register the Congress that such government has not of Conventional Arms, should require a high- continued to comply with the requirements from Georgia? er level of scrutiny than does a decision to contained in paragraphs (1) through (4) of There was no objection. provide such assistance and arms transfers such subsection. (Ms. MCKINNEY asked and was given to a government to which these conditions (c) EXEMPTIONS.—The prohibition con- permission to revise and extend her re- do not apply. tained in subsection (a) shall not apply with marks.) H 5504 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE May 24, 1995

Ms. MCKINNEY. Mr. Chairman, waiver for countries not meeting the uncritical assistance to allies engaged in today, I will offer the Code of Conduct code’s standards, or in cases where ethnic or territorial disputes, as does the amendment to H.R. 1561. My amend- vital U.S. interests are in jeopardy, use employment of U.S.-supplied equipment on ment seeks to give Congress—for the an emergency authority. both sides of the 1995 Peru-Ecuador border war. first time in two decades—a role in The code is endorsed by 275 organiza- Since the end of the Cold War, the continu- U.S. arms export policy. tions from Amnesty International to ing U.S. policy of promoting weapons exports As the law is currently written, Mr. the YWCA and is supported by the Eu- as a key element of U.S. security strategy Chairman, it is nearly impossible for ropean Parliament. Arms sales to un- and economic policy has accelerated the in- Congress to stop an arms sale. Not stable governments must end, and the cidence of the ‘‘boomerang effect’’: the since 1986 has a floor vote been taken Code of Conduct will be the first step in transfer of U.S. weaponry to forces that end on an arms sale, nor has a sale pro- that direction. up doing battle against U.S. troops. The last posed by the administration formally There are 102 Members of Congress four times the United States sent troops into been disapproved by Congress. who support the guiding principles of combat in significant numbers—in Panama, Iraq, Somalia, and Haiti—they faced adver- In addition to the lack of congres- the code—democracy, respect for saries that had received U.S.-origin arms, sional oversight in arms sales, the eco- human rights, and nonaggression. I training, or military production technology nomic cost to the American taxpayer is urge all of you to cast your vote in in the period leading up to the conflict. This more than $7 billion a year just to sup- favor of the Code of Conduct. Let’s en- is a clear sign that something is awry in U.S. port the arms export bureaucracy. sure that America’s leadership is posi- arms transfer decision making processes. U.S. weapons are being used in 90 per- tively reflected in our arms export pol- Last but not least, covert U.S. arms sales cent of today’s most significant re- icy. Vote for the Code of Conduct. have come back to haunt U.S. citizens by in- advertently strengthening terrorist organi- gional and ethnic conflicts. The weap- [From World Policy Institute, May 1995] ons and technology that devastated the zations. Two of the men convicted in the 1993 U.S. WEAPONS AT WAR: U.S. ARMS World Trade Center bombing received weap- Iraqi Army only a few years ago, are DELIVERIES TO REGIONS OF CONFLICT ons training in Afghanistan under the direc- now available to nations that are un- (By William D. Hartung) tion of fundamentalist Islamic forces that democratic, violate human rights, and EXECUTIVE SUMMARY were armed and trained by the CIA. The sus- are governed by dictators. From Richard Nixon to Bill Clinton, it has pects in the recent murders of several U.S. In 1993, the U.S. Government cor- been an article of faith for executive branch embassy employees in Karachi, Pakistan are nered a colossal 70 percent of the global policy makers that U.S. weapons exports are also suspected of having ties to the CIA’s Af- arms sales market, and in 1994 U.S. for- only made to responsible allies who use these ghan arms pipeline. David Whipple, the eign military arms sales were a whop- systems for legitimate defense purpose. This former head of counterterrorism at the CIA, has indicated that these are not isolated ping $12.9 billion. report puts that thesis to the test by docu- menting U.S. weapons deliveries to 50 cur- cases: ‘‘some of the people who are actual or America’s arms sales have sky- potential terrorists in this country are rocketed since the end of the cold war. rent ethnic and territorial conflicts. Contrary to the conventional wisdom in former guerrilla fighters in Afghanistan.’’ As this first chart shows, Mr. Chair- Washington, official U.S. government data And an Algerian official has described the man, U.S. arms transfers from 1990 to on arms transfers provides overwhelming cir- existence of a ‘‘floating army’’ of Islamic 1993 averaged $21.7 billion a year, cumstantial evidence that U.S.-supplied fundamentalist fighters who were trained whereas, from 1986 to 1989, arms trans- weaponry is at the center of many of today’s with CIA assistance in Afghanistan and are fers only averaged $10.6 billion. It is most dangerous and intractable conflicts: now engaged in organized attempt to over- throw the governments of Algeria, Egypt, amazing and shameful that as America In the past ten years, parties to 45 current conflicts have taken delivery of over $42 bil- and Saudi Arabia, among others. solidifies its post-cold war leadership As President Clinton tries to mobilize and encourages global democracy, the lion worth of U.S. weaponry; Of the significant ethnic and territorial world public opinion against Iran, in part for U.S. Government sold $83.1 billion in conflicts going on during 1993–94, 90% (45 out its alleged role in supporting terrorism in foreign military sales to dictators with of 50) of them involved one or more parties the Middle East, it would behoove him to get no congressional review. that had received some U.S. weaponry or his own house in order by clamping down on Despite this enormous dominance of military technology in the period leading up the CIA’s covert weapons trafficking oper- the international arms market and the to the conflict; ations, which all too often end up hurting in- ‘‘Boomerang Effect’’ against U.S. In more than half of current conflicts (26 nocent people, including U.S. citizens. The out of 50), the United States has been a sig- recent revelations that a Guatemalan colo- Armed Forces—only a few Members of nel on the CIA payroll is implicated in the Congress have worked to restrain this nificant arms supplier, accounting for at least 5% of the weapons delivered to one murders of Michael DeVine, an American dangerous trade. party to the dispute over a five year period; who ran a farm in Guatemala, and Efrain Additionally, America spends billions In more than one-third of all current con- Bamaca Velazquez, a Guatemalan rebel lead- of tax dollars to finance exports to ty- flicts (18 out of 50), the United States has er who was married to American lawyer and rants—highlighted by the second been a major supplier to one party to the dis- activist Jennifer Harbury, is just the latest chart—while cutting billions from key pute, accounting for over 25% of all weapons example of a covert arms trading culture domestic programs like veterans bene- imported by that participant in the most re- that is out of control. fits, Social Security, and student cent five year period; RECOMMENDATIONS loans. Despite the popular perception that it is The report makes the following specific U.S. policy to cease deliveries of weapons Mr. Chairman, the Code of Conduct recommendations for promoting greater ac- once a conflict is under way, as of the end of countability in arms transfer decision mak- amendment would not prohibit arms 1993 (the latest year for which full statistics transfers to any country. Rather it ing (for the full text of the recommenda- are available) the United States was shipping tions, see section IV, below): would establish a higher standard of military goods and services to more than scrutiny for countries receiving U.S. half (26 out of 50) of the areas where there Recommedation 1: Pass the arms transfer Code weapons and more congressional over- were wars being fought; of Conduct bill sight of arms sales. The Code of Con- In a number of volatile areas the United In February of 1995, Senator Mark Hatfield duct makes sure that we look before we States has been the primary supplier to gov- (R–OR) and Representative Cynthia McKin- ernments that are involved in ongoing con- ney (D–GA) reintroduced legislation calling leap by providing four guiding prin- flicts. In Turkey (76%), Spain (85%), Israel for the establishment of a Code of Conduct ciples for U.S. arms transfers. (99%), Morocco (26%), Egypt (61%), Chad for U.S. weapons transfers. Under the code, History demonstrates that as a result (27%), Somalia (44%), Liberia (40%), Kenya governments that engage in aggression of Siad Barre’s Somalia, Cedras’ Haiti, (25%), Pakistan (44%), the Philippines (93%), against their neighbors, violate the human and Saddam Hussein’s Iraq, our sol- Indonesia (38%), Guatemala (86%), Haiti rights of their own citizens, come to power diers have paid the price for selling (25%), Columbia (28%), Brazil (35%), and through undemocratic means, or refuse to U.S. materiel to dictators. Mexico (77%), the United States has been the participate in international agreements like The code would require that both the primary supplier of imported weaponry in the United Nations arms register would not President and Congress agree that pro- the most recent five year period for which be eligible to receive weaponry from the full data is available. United States. If the President wanted to viding assistance to a certain country Turkey’s use of U.S.-supplied fighter air- make an exception for a specific country on is in the best interest of the United craft, helicopters, tanks and armored person- national security grounds, he would have to States. The code also gives the Presi- nel carriers in its recent invasion of North- ask Congress to pass a bill providing an ex- dent flexibility. He can request a 1-year ern Iraq highlights the dangers of a policy of emption for that nation. May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H 5505 The benefits of the Code of Conduct would Recommendation 5: The Clinton Administration Africa, the Middle East, and Northern Ire- be twofold. First, it would place consider- (or its successor) should vigorously pursue a land had been offset by the escalation of con- ations about the character of a given arms policy of multilateral arms transfer restraint flicts in North Africa (Algeria) and Russia recipient and how that nation might use U.S. designed to limit sales of conventional (Chechnya), and the outbreak of a border war weaponry up front in the arms transfer deci- weaponry to regions of conflict or repressive between Peru and Ecuador.[5] sion making process, preventing sales to un- regimes With the exception of Russia, China, and a stable regimes in the process. Second, even Contrary to the findings of the Clinton few other nations that produce a wide array in cases where the President sought an ex- Administraton’s new conventional arms of weapons systems for their own use, the emption, members of Congress would be transfer policy, Presidential Directive 41, majority of participants in today’s armed forced to go on the record for or against, pro- limiting the spread of weaponry to regions of conflicts depend upon imported weaponry.[6] viding a measure of public accountability conflict should be the paramount priority The conventional wisdom among U.S. policy- that rarely occurs under current law. governing U.S. arms transfer decisions in the makers is that the weapons that are actually Recommendation 2: Provide more detailed re- post-Cold War era. Economic and defense in- used in the majority of the world’s conficts porting on U.S. transfers of arms and mili- dustrial base concerns should take a back are supplied by other, less ‘‘responsible’’ sup- pliers. To the extent that U.S. officials raise tary technology, and press for other nations seat to efforts to construct a multilateral questions about arms supplies to regions of to do the same arms export control regime that can serve conflict, the usual targets of criticism are ei- Up until the Reagan Administration, the both as a tool for preventing conflicts, and ther Russia or China, which have histori- State Department issued an annual report for limiting their duration and severity once cally been more willing to supply arms and under Section 657 of the Foreign Assistance they break out. At a time when the United military technology to ‘‘rogue’’ states like Act that listed most significant items of States controls 72% of new arms sales agree- Iraq, Libya, North Korea, and Iran.[7] In ad- military equipment delivered from the Unit- ments with the developing world, U.S. lead- dition, some observers make pointed ref- ed States to any foreign country in the prior ership remains an essential prerequisite for erences to France’s allegedly amoral, mer- fiscal year, ranging from rifles and bullets on implementing any meaningful multilateral up to advanced combat aircraft. The section cantile approach to arms sales.[8] In con- arrangement for limiting the flow of conven- trast, it has been argued that U.S. arms sales 657 report should be reinstituted as an an- tional armaments. nual publication, to provide a tool for keep- are grounded in carefully considered deci- I. Introduction: U.S. Arms Transfers— sions to bolster the security of trustworthy ing track of potential abuses of U.S.-supplied Promoting Stability or Fueling Conflict? weaponry. allies in critical regions. A full accounting of U.S. arms transfer pol- ‘‘[T]here is almost no case since World War The notion that the United States is only icy must also include regular, detailed re- II in which arms provided by the United arming the ‘‘good guys’’ has a long history. porting on U.S. transfers of so-called ‘‘dual States have been used by the country receiv- In his book ‘‘The Real War,’’ Richard Nixon, use’’ equipment—items such as advanced ma- ing them for purposes of aggression.’’—Rich- the architect of the current U.S. role as the chine tools and computers, measuring in- ard Nixon, ‘‘The Real War,’’ 1980. world’s leading weapons trafficking nation, struments, or unarmed light helicopters and ‘‘[T]here is almost no instance of a country argued that U.S.-supplied weapons have rare- aircraft. If Congress and the public had been which is primarily dependent upon U.S. ly been used in a belligerent manner, but aware of the particulars of the nearly $1.5 weapons using those weapons in an offensive that ‘‘Soviet arms are the ones that are con- billion in dual use export licenses that the manner.’’—Joel Johnson, Aerospace Indus- stantly used to break the peace.’’[9] Nixon’s Commerce Department granted to companies tries Association, February 1994. blanket claim ignored a series of aggressive seeking to sell equipment to Iraq during 1985 ‘‘[T]here is strong evidence that countries actions by major U.S. arms clients during through 1990, some of the more dangerous relying on American weaponry have not the Nixon/Ford administrations, including items on the list might not have been ap- started wars with their neighbors . . . To Turkey’s invasion of Cyprus, Indonesia’s in- proved for sale. cite the most egregious example, Iraq . . . vasion of East Timor, Morocco’s occupation purchased its weapons primarily from Russia of the Western Sahara, and General Augusto Recommendation 3: The Pentagon and the intel- and France.’’—Ethan Kapstein, ‘‘Foreign Af- Pinochet’s reign of terror in the wake of his ligence community should publish regular fairs,’’ May/June 1994. 1973 coup d’etat in Chile.[10] reports on the use of U.S.-supplied weap- ‘‘Given the complexities of arms transfer The Reagan Administration presided over onry in ongoing conflicts decisions and the multiple U.S. interests in- one of the most revealing incidents in the All too often, U.S. weapons are supplied on volved . . . decisions will continue to be history of U.S. policy towards aggressive a ‘‘fire ‘em and forget ‘em’’ basis: the deci- made on a case-by-case basis. These case-by- uses of U.S. military equipment when it re- sion to sell is made based on short-term po- case reviews will . . . draw the appropriate sponded to Israel’s June 1981 bombing of litical, strategic, or economic consider- balance between legitimate arms sales to Iraq’s Osirak nuclear reactor. Initially, U.S. ations, with little thought given to how support the national security of our friends weapons deliveries to Israel were suspended these arms might be used a few years down and allies, and the need for multilateral re- until the State Department could determine the road. In an attempt to prevent this ‘‘boo- straint against the transfer of arms that whether the bombing, which utilized U.S.- merang effect’’ from repeating itself in the would enhance the military capabilities of supplied F–15 and F–16 aircraft, violated Isra- future, Representative Cynthia McKinney hostile states or that would undermine sta- el’s pledge to use U.S. systems for defensive sponsored a successful amendment to the bility.’’—Fact Sheet on Clinton Administra- purposes. After a ten week review, Secretary Fiscal Year 1995 Department of Defense Au- tion, Arms Sales Policy Directive, February of State Alexander Haig decided to resume thorization bill requiring the Pentagon to re- 17, 1995. arms shipments to Israel, arguing that ‘‘I port annually on how proposed arms trans- The Arms Export Control Act states that think one in a subjective way can argue to fers might create ‘‘increased capabilities’’ on U.S. military equipment and services shall eternity as to whether or not a military ac- the part of potential adversaries, and how be provided to other nations only for pur- tion may be defensive or offensive in char- they might ‘‘pose an increased threat’’ to poses of internal security, ‘‘legitimate self- acter.’’ Rather than making a specific case U.S. forces in some future conflict. defense,’’ participation in United Nations that Israel’s bombing of Osirak was justified As a further step in the right direction, the peacekeeping operations, or involvement in as a defensive act, Haig seemed to be saying, Pentagon and the Central Intelligence Agen- operations consistent with the U.N. Char- in Alice-in-Wonderland style, that a defen- cy should be required to file annual reports ter.[1] Based in part on this legislative re- sive use of a weaponry is whatever the U.S. on how U.S.-supplied weaponry is being put quirement and in part on their ingrained as- government and its allies say it is.[11] Tur- to use in current conflicts, either by the sumptions regarding U.S. weapons sales, sev- key’s 1995 invasion of Northern Iraq, which original recipients, or as the result of unau- eral generations of executive branch offi- has been justified by Turkish Prime Minister thorized transfers to third parties. These re- cials, policymakers, and independent ana- Tansu Ciller on the grounds that Turkish ports could serve as a running record of the lysts have taken it as an article of faith that forces are in ‘‘hot pursuit’’ of Kurdish terror- consequences of past U.S. weapons trading U.S.-supplied weapons are primarily used for ists, raises similar questions about what con- activities, and they would hopefully inject a defensive purposes. stitutes a genuinely defensive deployment of note of caution into congressional debates Now that the United States controls nearly U.S.-supplied weaponry (for further discus- over new proposed transfers. three-quarters of all weapons exports to the sion of Turkey’s use of U.S. weapons against Recommendation 4: Outlaw covert weapons developing world, the question of whether or its Kurdish population, see section II, below). shipments not U.S. weapons are used aggressively is of This ‘‘see-no-evil’’ approach to U.S. weap- From Iran/contra to the arming of Iraq to more than merely academic interest.[2] ons trading has survived into the 1990s. The the ongoing proliferation of weapons origi- As of early 1994, there were 50 significant last four times the United States has sent nally intended for Afghan rebel movements, ethnic and territorial conflicts under way in troops into combat they have faced adversar- covert weapons trafficking have been at the Europe, Africa, the Middle East, Asia and ies that received U.S. arms or military tech- center of a series of unmitigated foreign pol- Latin America.[3] By the end of 1993, the nology in the period leading up to the con- icy fiascos. As part of the effort to restruc- number of ongoing wars involving more than flict, yet the Clinton Administration’s arms ture the CIA to better meet the realities of one thousand battle-related deaths reached transfer policy review stubbornly refused to the post-Cold War world, covert arms sales 34, marking the first increase in this grim take into account the very real possibility by the CIA and other government depart- statistic since the end of the Cold War.[4] By that U.S.-supplied weapons may be used for ments should be strictly outlawed. early 1995, progress towards peace in South purposes contrary to U.S. interests. As if to H 5506 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE May 24, 1995 underscore the business-as-usual tone of the suppliers. To cite the most egregious exam- Morocco, Somalia and Kenya have actually Clinton approach, an official involved in the ple, Iraq, which attacked Iran in 1980 before increased over the past few years. In the case policy review has indicated that under the turning on Kuwait a decade later, had pur- of Somalia, the increase is explained by the Administration’s new guidelines, not a single chased its weapons primarily from Russia fact that a new government has been in- one of the hundreds of major U.S. arms sales and France. stalled as a result of a UN peacekeeping mis- of the past fifteen years would have been re- ‘‘Why American arms should be used pri- sion in that nation. But continuing U.S. de- jected.[12] The administration’s decidedly marily for defensive purposes is an interest- liveries to Morocco, Turkey, and Kenya have upbeat perspective on arms sales was ing question. The most likely reason is that no such rationale: in these cases, U.S. arms summed up early on by Lt. General Teddy countries reliant on the United States fear are shoring up regimes that have been in- Allen, the former Director of the Pentagon’s being cut off and forced to look elsewhere if transigent in their pursuit of military solu- Defense Security Assistance Agency, during they misbehave.’’[17] tions to sensitive ethnica and territorial dis- testimony to Congress in June 1993: ‘‘Many The question of whether U.S. weapons putes. Last but not least, in both Haiti and friends and allies depend on U.S. defense transfers are as overwhelmingly constructive Guatemala, legislative attempts to termi- equipment, services, and training to deter, and stabilizing as this version of the conven- nate U.S. military assistance were subverted and when necessary, defeat, armed aggres- tional wisdom claims they are deserves clos- by the implementation of covert aid pro- sion.’’[13] When it finally released the results er scrutiny. As the next section will dem- grams that were actually larger than the of its arms export policy review in February onstrate, the sheer volume of U.S. arms ship- overt programs that were eliminated by Con- of 1995, the Clinton Administration described ments to areas of conflict calls into question gress (see sections II and III for further dis- the five key goals of its policy as follows: the notion that these transfers have exerted cussion). (1) To ensure that our military forces can a uniformly positive or predictable influence continue to enjoy technological advantages on local, regional, and international secu- TABLE I—AREAS OF CONFLICT IN WHICH THE U.S. HAS over potential adversaries; rity. BEEN A PRIMARY WEAPONS SUPPLIER (2) To help allies and friends deter or de- II. U.S. Weapons at War fend themselves against aggression, while Percent of total arms im- promoting interoperability with U.S. forces A comparison of the Pentagon’s own data ports received from the when combined operations are required; on deliveries of weapons through the U.S. Region (and recipient) United States Foreign Military Sales (FMS) and Commer- (3) To promote regional stability in areas 1987–91 1991–93 1 critical to U.S. interests, while preventing cial Sales (CS) programs over the past dec- proliferation of weapons of mass destruction ade with a list of 50 significant wars that Southern Europe: were under way during 1993–94 indicates that Spain ...... 85 86 and their missile delivery systems; Turkey ...... 76 80 (4) to promote peaceful conflict resolution U.S. weapons exports have played a major Middle East/North Africa: and arms control, human rights democra- role in fueling the ethnic and territorial con- Israel ...... 99 91 flicts that have become one of the most dif- Morocco ...... 26 76 tization and other U.S. foreign policy objec- Egypt ...... 61 89 tives; ficult security challenges of the post-Cold Sub-Saharan Africa: (5) to enhance the ability of the U.S. de- War era [18]: Chad ...... 27 25 fense industrial base to meet U.S. defense re- In the past ten years, parties to 45 current Somalia ...... 44 100 Liberia ...... 40 20 quirements and maintain long-term military conflicts have taken delivery of over $42 bil- Kenya ...... 25 100 technological superiority at lower costs. [14]. lion worth of U.S. weaponry; Zaire ...... 17 0 The idea of controlling the spread of U.S. Of the significant ethnic and territorial Asia: Pakistan ...... 44 3 weaponry to ensure that U.S. exports do not conflicts going on during 1993–94, 90% (45 out Philippines ...... 93 75 sustain ongoing wars, fuel regional arms of 50) of them involved one or more parties Indonesia ...... 38 33 races, or strengthen potential U.S. adversar- that had received some U.S. weaponry or Latin America: Guatemala ...... 86 30 ies is only obliquely hinted at in the Clinton military technology in the period leading up Haiti ...... >25 20 administration’s priority list; the underlying to the conflict; Colombia ...... 28 19 assumption is that U.S. weapons transfers go In more than half of current conflicts (26 Brazil ...... 35 40 Mexico ...... 77 64 to potential ‘‘coalition partners’’ to be used out of 50), the United States has been a sig- for strictly defensive purposes. Despite re- nificant arms supplier, accounting for at 1 The overlap in years covered by the two columns (1987–1991 and least 5% of the weapons delivered to one 1991–1993) is a function of the way the data is reported in the two most cent evidence to the contrary, the possibility recent editions of the ‘‘World Military Expenditures and Arms Transfers’’ re- that today’s partner could be tomorrow’s ad- party to the dispute over a five year period; port. For a brief description of the nature of the conflicts in each of these versary doesn’t seem to enter into the ad- In more than one-third of all current con- nations, see Appendix A, Table I, below. flicts (18 out of 50), the United States has 2 The Arms Control and Disarmament Agency (ACDA) reported no arms ministration’s thinking. transfers to Haiti or Liberia from any source during 1991–1993; this does To further underscore how small a role the been a major supplier to one party to the dis- not necessarily mean that there were no transfers of any kind—it is likely potential risks of U.S. weapons exports will pute, accounting for over 25% of all weapons that there was some black market trading in light weaponry that was not play in executive branch decisionmaking, imported by that participant in the most re- detected by the intelligence sources that serve as the basis for ACDA’s data. 3 It has recently been revealed that the Central Intelligence Agency con- Clinton Administration officials have indi- cent five year period; tinued to make millions of dollars in payments to Guatemalan military and cated that the contribution of a given trans- Despite the popular perception that it is intelligence officials after U.S. military aid was officially cut off in 1991; it fer to the defense industrial base will now be U.S. policy to cease deliveries of weapons has yet to be determined whether some of this money was used to import weaponry. an explicit factor in deciding whether to go once a conflict is under way, as of the end of Source: U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, ‘‘World Military Ex- ahead with the sale. This could mean that 1993 (the latest year for which full statistics penditures and Arms Transfers’’, 1991–92 and 1993–94 editions, Table III. the fact that a deal might extend Lockheed’s are available) the United States was shipping production run for the F–16 fighter or sustain military goods and services to more than While data on the total volume of U.S. General Dynamics’ assembly line for the M– half (26 out of 50) of the areas where there weapons supplies to areas of conflict is read- 1 tank will carry greater weight than wheth- were wars being fought. ily available, specific information on how er these weapons are being provided to un- The data outlined above demonstrate that U.S. weaponry is being put to use in today’s stable regimes. [15]. contrary to the assertions of key policy- wars is harder to come by. This is in part be- Not surprisingly, the claim that U.S.-sup- makers, academic analysts, and industry cause neither the media nor the armed forces plied arms are only used defensively has also lobbyists, the United States is sustaining the have made it their business to identify the been made repeatedly by executives and lob- warfighting capabilities of a substantial specific types of weaponry utilized in a given byists in the defense industry. For example, number of the parties to the world’s current conflict or to document the origins of these Don Fuqua, president of the Aerospace In- conflicts. In a number of volatile areas the armaments. Even if gathering such data was dustries Association, made the following United States has been the primary supplier a priority, the reality of warfare, particu- claim in a November 1994 article entitled to governments that are involved in either larly multi-sided civil conflicts involving ‘‘Merchants of Peace’’: ‘‘during more than internal or regional conflicts. In cases where light weaponry, would make it difficult to half a century, no American soldier ever the United States has supplied a majority of obtain comprehensive information. Nonethe- faced any significant American military a client government’s imported weaponry less, accounts in the mainstream and spe- equipment used by a hostile power.’’ [16] over an extended period of time, it is likely cialty press have uncovered a number of re- This industry argument has been echoed in that some U.S. systems will be utilized in fu- cent examples of how U.S.-supplied weaponry academic circles as well, most notably in an ture conflicts involving these nations (see is being put to use on the battlefield, and a article by Ethan Kapstein of the John M. Table I, below) number of arms control and human rights re- Olin Institute for Strategic Studies at Har- Among the most serious conflicts in which searchers have recently begun a concerted vard which appeared in the May/June 1994 the United States has been the primary effort to gather more information on the issue of Foreign Affairs: weapons supplier are Turkey, Morocco, So- patterns of deliveries of light weaponry to ‘‘. . . there is strong evidence that coun- malia, Liberia, Kenya, Zaire, Pakistan, Indo- ethnic conflicts. The following examples are tries relying on American weaponry have not nesia, the Philippines, Haiti, Guatemala, Co- illustrative of the ways in which U.S. weap- started wars with their neighbors. Contrast lombia and Mexico. Official U.S. weapons de- ons are being utilized in current conflicts: a that record with the one compiled by coun- liveries to Haiti, Guatemala, Liberia, and more comprehensive accounting would re- tries that have purchased their weapons Zaire were cut off as of the early 1990s, but quire more open reporting of the nature of from Russia, Western Europe, or Third World U.S. deliveries to conflict zones in Turkey, U.S. weapons transfers to these areas. May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H 5507 Turkey: Turkey received over $6.3 billion In a move that may prompt debate for soldiers reported a conundrum similar to worth of military equipment and services some time to come, President Clinton and that faced U.S. forces in Vietnam—an inabil- from the United States between F.Y. 1984 the Pentagon also ordered U.S. military per- ity to distinguish friend from foe. One sol- and F.Y. 1993.[19] The United States supplied sonnel in Northern Iraq to ‘‘stand down’’ dier told the Post ‘‘we have a big problem be- 76% of all weapons imported by the Turkish from enforcing the no fly zone against Tur- cause we don’t know who is a villager and government between 1987 and 1991, a figure key aircraft for the duration of Turkey’s who the PKK is . . . we can’t do a thing.’’[30] which increased to 80% for the period from intervention. when a reporter asked Penta- Unfortunately, contrary to the soldier’s re- 1991 to 1993. The majority of U.S. weapons gon spokesperson Dennis Boxx whether the port, Turkish troops did plenty of things in supplies to Turkey have been paid for by Pentagon was ‘‘uncomfortable’’ over the fact Northern Iraq, including a number of docu- U.S. taxpayers as part of an extensive mili- that a U.S. ally was ‘‘beating up on . . . the mented cases of killings and displacement of tary aid program that has provided over $5 same people we’ve been trying to protect Kurdish civilians. There is no way of know- billion in assistance from F.Y. 1986 through from Iraq for a number of years,’’ Boxx ar- ing at this point whether these were isolated F.Y. 1995.[20] Turkey has also received large gued that Turkey was taking great care to incidents or part of a larger pattern of abuse, deliveries of U.S. weaponry for free or at focus its attacks on PKK terrorist strong- because at a number of key stages in the minimal cost as part of the NATO ‘‘cascad- holds. When he was asked where U.S. en- conflict Turkish military commanders lim- ing’’ program, which involves redistributing forcement of the no fly zone would be ren- ited access to the combat zones on the part surplus weapons rendered redundant by the dered inoperative for the duration of the of both journalists and relief workers.[31] At Conventional Forces in Europe Treaty Turkish intervention in Northern Iraq, Boxx the end of March, during the second week of (CFE).[21] Last but not least, a number of implied that it would, noting that ‘‘it’s sim- the Turkish invasion, residents of the Iraqi U.S. weapons systems are produced in Tur- ply better not to put these people at risk village of Beshile reported that their village key under coproduction and licensing agree- [U.S. military personnel involved in Oper- had been bombed and burned to the ground ments with U.S. firms, including Lockheed’s ation Provide Comfort] until this has been by Turkish forces. Fevzi Rashid, a 43 year F–16 fighter plane and the FMC Corpora- resolved.’’ The chilling implication of Boxx’s old farmer who witnessed the Turkish at- tion’s M–113 armored personnel carrier.[22] remark is that the Pentagon actually feared tack, described it to a reporter from Reuters There have been reports in the inter- that if U.S. forces had tried to enforce the no news service as follows: national and Turkish press indicating that fly zone against the Turkish military, Turk- ‘‘First the planes bombed our village. Then ish forces would have engaged in an air war U.S.-supplied weaponry has been used exten- soldiers came some days later and burned against U.S. troops, using U.S.-supplied air- sively by the Turkish government in its war our houses. Yesterday they came again and craft. It was almost as if the Pentagon on the Kurdistan Worker’s Party (PKK) in fired at the village with rockets and mor- spokesman was acknowledging that Turkey southeastern Turkey. A wide range of U.S. tars.’’[32] had intimidated the U.S. into allowing its systems, including F–16, F–4, F5, and F–104 Turkey’s claim to be targeting only PKK Iraqi incursion to go forward unhindered.[27] terrorists has been further undercut by as- fighter aircraft, Cobra and Black Hawk heli- As has been the case in its major anti- sertions by the Iraqi National Congress, the copters, cluster bombs, and M–60 tanks and Kurdish operations of the recent past, Tur- Iraqi Kurdish organization that controls M–113 armored personnel carriers have been key’s offensive in Northern Iraq has relied most of the territory impacted by the Turk- used in the conflict, which has claimed over heavily on U.S.-supplied equipment. Reports ish invasion, that on the very first day of the 15,000 lives since 1984.[23]. The Clinton Ad- in the European press have indicated that invasion ‘‘Turkish soldiers . . . arrested hun- ministration and other supporters of the Turkey’s air war against the PKK (and dreds of refugees as suspected followers of Turkish government have argued that the against a number of Kurdish settlements and the Kurdish Workers’ Party.’’[33] PKK is a terrorist organization, not a legiti- refugee camps) in Northern Iraq has been Although the Clinton Administration firm- mate political movement. However, regard- conducted almost entirely with U.S.-de- ly held to its position that the Turkish inva- less of their views on the PKK, most inde- signed fighter planes such as the McDonnel sion would be limited in duration and narrow pendent observers agree that the politico- Douglas F–4, the Lockheed F–104, and the in focus, one expected withdrawal date— military strategy of the Turkish govern- Lockheed Martin F–16. Other U.S.-supplied Turkish Prime Minister Tansu Ciller’s April ment—strafing and depopulating entire vil- aircraft such as the Textron-Bell Cobra heli- 19th visit to Washington—came and went lages in the southeast—entails unnecessary copter gunship and the United Technologies/ with no final timetable for withdrawal in suffering and repeated violations of the Sikorsky Black Hawk troop transport have sight. A partial pullback of Turkish troops human rights of civilian noncombatants. also been used in support of Turkey’s move in late April of 1995 still left at least 10,000 Human Rights Watch has reported that as of into Iraq.[28] Turkish troops inside Iraq, and there is some October 1994, the Turkish government has U.S. support of the Turkish intervention is dispute even now as to whether all Turkish depopulated as many as 1,400 villages and based on the assumption that it is a care- troops have cleared out of the area (see dis- hamlets and displaced several hundred thou- fully crafted defensive operation aimed at cussion below). In contrast to the policy of sand people in its prosecution of the war wiping out PKK bases in Iraq, with little or Germany, which has cut off all weapons ship- against the PKK.[24] Major encounters in- no negative impact on Kurdish civilians. But ments to Turkey in response to the Iraqi in- volving U.S.-supplied weaponry have in- press reports from the area have raised seri- cursion, the Clinton Administration’s posi- cluded May 1993 bombing raids in the ous doubts regarding Turkey’s claim that it tion on the Kurdish question appears to be Karliova valley that utilized F–4 fighter has been mounting a ‘‘surgical strike’’ ‘‘Turkey right or wrong.’’[34] The U.S. arms plans and Cobra helicopters to kill 44 Kurd- against terrorists. Turkey’s ongoing war industry has officially weighed in on the side ish fighters and a January 1994 incursion against the PKK, both in Northern Iraq and of the Turkish government’s tactics as well, into Iraq to bombard PKK camps with clus- Southeastern Turkey, is looking increas- in the form of a comment by Joel Johnson, ter bombs, 500- and 2000-pound bombs ingly like it may become that nation’s Viet- chief lobbyist for the Aerospace Industries dropped from F–16 and F–4 aircraft. nam: a draining, divisive, and ultimately un- Association, to the effect that Turkey’s mili- The Turkish government’s March 1995 in- successful effort to defeat a nationalist tary plan was no different from what other vasion of Northern Iraq marks the latest movement by military means. An April 2nd global and regional powers have done in chapter in its quest for a military solution news analysis piece by John Pomfret of the similar circumstances: to the Kurdish question. A Turkish govern- Washington Post—appropriately entitled ‘‘It must be acknowledged that the Turks ment spokesperson proudly described the ‘‘Turkey’s Hunt for the Kurds: the Making of have not invented Rolling Thunder. We used cross-border raid by 35,00 troops as ‘‘the big- a Quagmire?’’—captured the dilemma faced B–52s to solve a guerrilla problem [in Viet- gest military operation in the history of the by Turkish troops in Northern Iraq as they nam]. The Russians used very large weapons Turkish Republic.’’[25] Ironically, the Turk- attempted to sort out Kurdish PKK mili- platforms [in Afghanistan]. And the Israelis ish attack targeted the same sector of Iraq tants from Kurdish civilians (both Turkish get irritated on a reasonably consistent basis in which the United States had been enforc- and Iraqi) in the area: ing a ‘‘no fly zone’’ as part of the United Na- ‘‘. . . by embracing a military answer to and use F–16s in Southern Lebanon. One tions-backed Operation Provide Comfort, an what it considers a terrorist question, Tur- wishes that it didn’t happen. Sitting in the effort designed to protect Iraqi Kurds in the key risks bogging its army down in a vicious comfort of one’s office, one might tell all area from Saddam Hussein’s regime. Because cycle of incursion and withdrawal, followed four countries they’re wrong. It’s a lot easier the United States is far and away Turkey’s by guerilla counterattacks and more incur- to say that here than when you’re there and largest supplier of weapons and military aid, sions again. Such a cycle, Western officials it’s your military guys who are getting Turkish Prime Minister Tansu Ciller cleared have said, would only empty government cof- chewed up.’’[35] the operation with President Clinton by tele- fers overtaxed by an ailing economy and a Setting aside for a moment the obvious phone before sending her military forces into similar counterinsurgency operation within moral issues raised by massive bombing Iraq. White House spokesperson Mike Turkey.’’[29] raids as a tool of modern warfare, it must be McCurry reported that the President accept- A western relief worker underscored the pointed out that Johnson’s statement ed Ciller’s explanation that the raids were futility of Turkey’s military strategy when glosses over a key strategic point: in two of strictly aimed at PKK ‘‘terrorist bases’’ in he told Pomfret ‘‘you can’t wipe out a ter- the three examples he cites, Vietnam and Af- Northern Iraq, and that Clinton expressed rorist operation that operates on two con- ghanistan, the ‘‘Rolling Thunder’’ tactic was ‘‘understanding for Turkey’s need to deal de- tinents by attacking the mountains. It’s like employed by great powers that were ulti- cisively’’ with the rebel group.[26] killing a fly with a sledgehammer.’’ Turkish mately defeated militarily and politically by H 5508 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE May 24, 1995 smaller, better motivated nationalist forces. the Afghan civil war comes from stocks sup- hundreds of thousands of combat rifles from Even staunch allies of the current Turkish plied to the various rebel factions by the CIA such diverse sources as China, Turkey, regime might find reason to advise Prime during the 1980s. [40] Egypt, and Israel and passed them on to Af- Minister Ciller to abandon her country’s cur- The violence sparked by U.S. weapons and ghan rebel groups.[47] However, as British re- rent military strategy vis-a-vis Kurdish sep- training to the Afghan rebel movements ex- searcher Chris Smith has noted, many of aratist forces. tends far beyond Afghanistan. An Algerian these weapons were siphoned off along the In response to a growing international out- government official has described the exist- way, because the Afghan pipeline was ‘‘ex- cry against the Turkish government’s tac- ence of a ‘‘floating army’’ of Islamic fun- tremely badly organized and poorly thought tics in its war against the PKK, the Clinton damentalist fighters who received weapons out,’’ to the point that it ‘‘leaked profusely Administration has repeatedly urged Turkey and training in Afghanistan starting in the and virtually ruptured.’’ As a result, the to stop its indiscriminate approach of bomb- 1980s, and are now mounting terrorist at- Northwest Frontier area of Pakistan is dot- ing and depopulating entire villages. con- tacks on U.S.-backed governments in Alge- ted with a series of open air weapons marts gress has gone beyond rhetoric by withhold- ria, Egypt, Israel, and Saudi Arabia. [41] This that are doing a brisk business reselling ing 10% of Turkey’s U.S. military aid for international network of armed Islamic fun- weapons that were originally intended to go F.Y. 1995 pending a report on abuses against damentalists that the CIA helped to create to Afghan rebel forces. Pakistani intel- civilians by the Turkish military. In Decem- has struck in the United States as well: two ligence officials have been running guns to ber 1994, Human Rights Watch published a of the men convicted in the 1993 bombing of Islamic fundamentalist forces in the India report entitled ‘‘U.S. Cluster Bombs for Tur- the World Trade Center had received weap- province of Kashmir, increasing the level of key?’’ which called for a reversal of a plan to ons and explosives training from CIA-backed violence of that conflict and undermining ef- provide advanced U.S.-built CBU–87 cluster rebels in Afghanistan prior to their attack in forts to encourage India and Pakistan to bombs to Turkey on the grounds that the New York. And these two men may not be come to a diplomatic resolution of the Kash- weapons might be used against civilians. As the only examples of U.S. covert aid back- mir issue. Sikh militants fighting in the a result of the pressure generated by the re- firing. According to David Whipple, the Punjab region of India have large quantities port, the cluster bomb sale has been shelved former head of counterterrorism at the CIA, of Chinese Type 56 assault rifles of the kind for the moment.[36] ‘‘some of the people who are actual or poten- that were supplied in large numbers by the Despite these efforts to restrict the flow of tial terrorists in this country are former CIA to the Afghan war, indicating a likely U.S. arms to Turkey’s war against the PKK, guerrilla fighters in Afghanistan.’’ And it spillover of the Afghan pipeline into this the United States remains Turkey’s number now appears that the suspects in the recent conflict as well. U.S.-supplied weapons have one weapons supplier, and Turkey’s inhu- murders of several U.S. embassy employees also been utilized by Islamic fundamentalist mane warfighting tactics continue. As of the in Karachi, Pakistan are also suspected of fighters engaged in a civil war against Rus- first week of May, 1995, Turkish officials having ties to the CIA’s Afghan weapons sian-backed government in the former So- claimed to have removed all of their troops pipeline.[42] viet republic of Tajikistan.[48] from Northern Iraq, but Prime Minister One of the most dangerous lingering side In reviewing the evidence of the spread of Ciller has stated in no uncertain terms that effects of the CIA’s Afghan weapons traffick- U.S.-supplied guns and ammunition that was she retains the right to invade the area ing has been the proliferation of U.S.-built originally intended for the Afghan war, again if Turkey detects further PKK activi- Stinger missiles. The Stinger, a shoulder- Human Rights Watch has observed that ties there.[37] So far, moves to curb Turkey’s fired antiaircraft missile that can be used to ‘‘[t]he single most important factor in the use of imported weaponry have had no dis- shoot down anything from a fighter plane to introduction of small arms and light weap- cernible impact on Ciller’s approach to the a civilian airliner, has been described by ons into South Asia was the effort by the Kurdish problem: she told members of her Senator Dennis DeConcini as ‘‘the ultimate U.S. and Pakistan to arm the Afghan governing coalition in early April that ‘‘we terrorist weapon.’’ [43] Afghan rebel com- mujahidin resistance.’’[49] have one thing to say to those who threaten manders have been putting their U.S.-sup- Indonesia: Governed by one of the world’s us about using their arms when they should plied Stingers up for sale to the highest bid- longest enduring military rulers, General be standing by us—we will use our right to der in the international arms bazaar, and Suharto, Indonesia also has one of the worst defend ourselves under any circumstances. there have been reports that some of the human rights records of any major U.S. You can keep your weapons.’’[38] Maybe it’s weapons have now turned up in such un- weapons client. There is direct evidence that time for President Clinton to take Prime likely places as Iran, Libya, Qatar, and some of these human rights violations have Minister Ciller up on her offer. North Korea. [44]. The CIA was so disturbed been carried out using U.S.-supplied equip- Afghanistan: Beginning during the late by these reports that they put up $65 million ment. 1970s under the Carter Administration and for a Stinger ‘‘buyback’’ plan; so far the pro- In addition to restrictions on freedom of accelerating during the 1980s under the gram has only succeeded in driving up the the press, freedom of assembly, and labor Reagan Administration, the United States price that Afghan forces can get for the mis- rights within Indonesia, the Indonesian gov- supplied rebel factions in Afghanistan with siles to two to three times their original ernment has sustained an illegal military oc- an estimated $2 billion in covert military as- price, while recovering very few of the mis- cupation of neighboring East Timor for near- sistance.[39] This effort has been widely cited siles. [45]. ly 20 years. In November of 1991, two U.S. as one of the great success stories of the The shortsighted attitudes of U.S. policy- journalists, Allan Nairn and Amy Goodman, Reagan Doctrine of arming anticommunist makers involved in creating the Afghan witnessed a massacre carried out by Indo- rebels, and there is no question that U.S. weapons pipeline were summarized by Ed- nesian troops in the Timorese capital of Dili. weapons supplies contributed to the ability ward Juchniewicz, the CIA’s associate direc- The troops, armed with U.S.-supplied M–16 of Afghan guerrilla fighters to drive Soviet tor for covert operations during the Reagan rifles, opened fire on a memorial mass and forces out of their country. Unfortunately, Administration: procession in honor of a young Timorese the longer term consequences of U.S. arms ‘‘The Iranians have already captured or man who had been murdered by the Indo- supplies to Afghan forces have been far more otherwise obtained some Stingers and con- nesian army for attempting to speak out problematic. Since Soviet troops withdrew tinue to accumulate them. I can understand about human rights abuses in East from Afghanistan in February 1989, U.S. why people are exercised. I wouldn’t want Timor.[50] Human rights abuses by Indo- weapons have helped to sustain a vicious one to hit the airplane I’m on . . . [but] one nesian forces have continued up to the civil war amongst competing rebel organiza- makes the assumption when one goes to bat- present, both in East Timor and within Indo- tions inside Afghanistan. In addition, sys- tle that one’s equipment will be captured by nesia; a recent summary of Indonesia’s tems supplied to the Afghan factions for pur- the enemy. So unfortunately, we lost some record of Human Rights Watch described ‘‘a poses of fighting off Soviet forces are now Stingers, and now our enemy has one of our pattern of abuse . . . characterized by mili- being resold on the international market, best weapons.’’[46] tary intervention in virtually all aspects of turning up in conflicts where they were What Juchniewicz fails to acknowledge is Indonesian public life and by the arbitrary never intended to be used. that the Stingers that were transferred to exercise of authority by President As Ted Galen Carpenter of the Cato Insti- Iran were not captured by an enemy in bat- Soeharto.’’[51] tute has noted, ‘‘[e]ven before they ousted tle; they were provided to Iran by Afghan The massacre in Dili and subsequent ac- the Soviet-backed government from power in rebel forces that had been considered friends tions of the Indonesian military have April 1992 feuding mujahadin guerrilla units of the United States. sparked calls by the public and the Congress spent almost as much time battling each While the spread of U.S.-supplied Stinger for a cutoff of U.S. military assistance, other as they did fighting the communists.’’ missiles poses an ongoing threat because of training and sales to the Indonesian govern- Far from setting the stage for a period of their possible role in augmenting the capa- ment, but so far these demands have only peaceful reconstruction and reconciliation, bilities of terrorist organizations, the tens of been partially met. In October of 1992 Con- the fighting inside Afghanistan actually in- thousands of tons of light weaponry that the gress cut off U.S. assistance to Indonesia tensified after the Soviet-supported regime CIA funneled to Afghan factions through its under the International Military Education was overthrown—2,000 people were killed in contacts in Pakistani intelligence services and Training (IMET) program. In 1994, the one three-week period in August of 1992, and may pose an even more serious risk to the Clinton administration announced that it by the spring of 1994 600,000 people had been stability of South Asia. Analysts of the Af- would stop permitting arms sales or export displaced from the capital city of Kabul. ghan conflict have reported that during the licenses to Indonesia for deals involving Much of the equipment used on each side of 1980s the United States purchased literally small arms or crowd control equipment.[52] May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H 5509 Despite these steps, there continues to be a Guatemala in general and the murder of Mi- Apparently, the vehicles have yet to be uti- significant flow of U.S. weapons to Indo- chael DeVine in particular, U.S. military as- lized to put down any major demonstrations, nesia, adding to the more than $583 million sistance to Guatemala was officially sus- but given the continued political turbulence in U.S. weapons deliveries to that nation pended by the Bush Administration in 1990. in Mexico they may yet be used for that pur- from F.Y. 1984 through F.Y. 1993. In 1993, the As far as the public, the media, most mem- pose.[59] last year for which full data is available, bers of Congress, the Secretary of State, and In February of 1995, Newsday reporter Ray U.S. deliveries to Indonesia through the Pen- even the U.S. ambassador to Guatemala were Sanchez reported that U.S.-supplied Black tagon’s Foreign Military sales program and concerned, this cutoff of military aid meant Hawk helicopters were being used to ferry commercial sales licensed by the State De- that the U.S. government’s role in arming troops to Chiapas in the Mexican govern- partment topped $34 million. And the most and financing the Guatemalan military had ment’s abortive attempt to round up the top recent statistics from the U.S. Arms Control been brought to an end. This reasonable as- leadership of the Zapatista movement. There and Disarmament Agency demonstrate that sumption turned out to be dead wrong. is a strong possibility that U.S. weaponry for a five year period ending in 1991, the U.S. In the wake of the revelations about the will be used again if there is further civil supplied 38% of all weapons imported by the Guatemalan military’s role in the murders of strife in Mexico: the Mexican government Indonesian government; for the period from Michael DeVine and Efrain Velazquez, Tim has taken delivery of over $300 million worth 1991 to 1993, the U.S. share of Indonesia’s Weiner of the New York Times revealed that of U.S. weaponry over the past decade, and weapons imports dropped slightly, to 33%. As from the moment official U.S. aid to Guate- U.S. deliveries accounted for over three- this report was going to press, Defense News mala was suspended in 1990, the CIA imme- quarters of Mexican weapons imports in the reported that the Clinton Administration diately initiated a multi-million dollar pro- most recent five year period for which infor- was seriously considering giving clearance gram of payments to key Guatemalan mili- mation is available.[60] for a multi-billion dollar sale of F–16 fighter tary and intelligence officials. The pay- The Bush Administration’s initiative to aircraft to Indonesia; the article reported ments, which were allegedly aimed at utilize military assistance to help Andean some ambivalence within the administra- ‘‘maintaining good relations’’ with Guate- nations fight the ‘‘war on drugs’’ has led to tion, noting that ‘‘White House officials . . . malan security officials, totaled $5 to $7 mil- a number of documented instances of the use realize they must tiptoe around congres- lion per year, more than twice the level of (and abuse) of U.S.-supplied weaponry in con- sional sensitivity over killings and arbitrary the public U.S. military aid that was termi- flicts having little or nothing to do with the arrests in the former East Timor.’’[53] nated by the Bush Administration. Among problem of drug interdiction. As the Wash- Other examples: In addition to these spe- the recipients of CIA funds was Col. Alpirez, ington Office on Latin America (WOLA) cific examples of the utilization of U.S.-sup- the principal suspect in the murders of Mi- noted in its 1991 report ‘‘Clear and Present plied weapons in active areas of conflict, chael DeVine and Efrain Velazquez.[55] Dangers; The U.S. Military and the War on there is strong circumstantial evidence to In addition to the secret CIA payments, in- Drugs in the Andes’’, under the impetus of indicate that U.S. systems have either al- vestigative journalist Allan Nairn has uncov- the Bush policy ‘‘the Andean region has sup- ready been used or may yet come into play ered documentation of 144 separate sales of planted Central America as the main locus of in a host of other wars. The mere fact that rifles and pistols to Guatemala from U.S. U.S. military activity in the hemisphere.’’ In U.S. weapons have been delivered to 45 of the sources, all of which occurred after the 1990 the first three years of the 1990s, Colombia, 50 current localities that are in the midst of aid cutoff.[56] Peru, and Bolivia were slated to receive significant conflicts in one strong indication As the Clinton Administration and the more U.S. military assistance than all of that U.S. weapons are involved in many of Congress proceed with separate investiga- Central America combined, with the ration- today’s wars. tions of the Guatemalan arms scandal, they ale of providing equipment and training that Moving form statistical evidence to actual will have to consider new, tougher safe- could be used to fight drug trafficking in cases, a few recent examples should suffice guards over the CIA’s role in the covert arm- those countries. Despite rhetoric about shift- to demonstrate the myriad ways in which ing and financing of foreign military and in- ing its emphasis toward reducing demand for U.S. weaponry may be used in ethnic and telligence services. Otherwise, there will be drugs in the United States, the Clinton Ad- territorial conflicts. no guarantee that the will of the President, ministration has carried on the Bush policy Guatemala has been on the front pages of the Congress, or the public will be respected of providing substantial amounts of military American newspapers in recent months be- in future arms sales relationships. The CIA’s assistance to Andean, Central American, and cause of revelations that CIA-financed Gua- conduct in Guatemala brings to mind a re- Caribbean nations for use in anti-narcotics temalan military officers were involved in mark made by former New Hampshire Sen- efforts.[61] the murders of Efrain Bamaca Velazquez (a ator Warren Rudman with respect to another In Colombia, Black Hawk helicopters and Guatemalan rebel leader who was the hus- covert arms trafficking scheme run amok, Textron/Cessna A–37 counterinsurgency air- band of Jennifer Harbury, an American law- Iran/contra: ‘‘If you carry this to its logical craft that were supplied as part of the Bush yer and anti-war activist), and Michael extreme, you don’t have a democracy any Administration’s September 1989 emergency DeVine, an American citizen who owned a more.’’[57] antidrug aid package to that nation were farm in Guatemala before he was killed in When Mexico moved to put down the rebel used just a few months later in a series of 1990. Ironically, it took the deaths of an uprising in the southern state of Chiapas in bombing raids against the village of Llana American and the husband of an American early 1994, they initially used some of the Fria that resulted in the displacement of citizen to focus widespread media attention nearly three dozen helicopters that the Unit- 1,400 peasants. The Colombian military on the routine use of U.S. arms to promote ed States had supplied to the Mexican Attor- claimed that the raids were aimed at leftist murder and torture in Guatemala. As R. Jef- ney General’s office for use in anti-narcotics guerrilla forces—clearly not a purpose that frey Smith and Dana Priest noted in a Wash- activities. Under questioning from Congress, was covered in the original rationale for the ington Post piece that ran after the revela- Assistant Secretary of State Alexander Wat- emergency U.S. weapons shipments. To tions of CIA complicity in these two deaths, son acknowledged that ‘‘USG-supplied heli- make matters worse, a report by the Wash- ‘‘while U.S. public attention was distracted copters were being used in Chiapas,’’ but ar- ington Office on Latin America (WOLA) indi- by civil wars in El Salvador and Nicaragua, gued that their use was acceptable because cated that ‘‘witnesses claim that the attacks the CIA and U.S. military trained and ‘‘[s]enior officials assured our Embassy that were not aimed at guerrilla camps, as the equipped anti-communist military forces the helicopters were use in a logistical, military said, but at civilian settlements.’’ widely believed to have killed more than noncombat role.’’[58] Since a ‘‘logistical’’ In a statement that proved to be prophetic, 100,000 peasants during a decades-long sim- function for the U.S.-supplied helicopters WOLA Executive Director Alexander Wilde mering insurgency, according to U.S. intel- could include the militarily essential task of warned in a June 1990 congressional hearing ligence, military, and diplomatic officials.’’ transporting troops and equipment to the that funneling U.S. aid to the Colombian Once the Cold War aura of anti-communist front, the assertion regarding a ‘‘noncombat armed forces under the guise of fighting ‘‘legitimacy’’ is removed from these activi- role’’ is misleading at best. drugs would just ‘‘further fuel the crisis of ties, an objective view of the behavior of In March of 1994, the San Antonio Express- human rights abuse [in Colombia] . . . and U.S.-backed Guatemalan forces reveals that News reported that the Mexican government undermine political stability, by strengthen- they have been engaged in a campaign of sys- was ‘‘quietly importing millions of dollars ing the Colombian armed forces.’’ Five years tematic terror against their own people for worth of riot control vehicles across the and hundreds of millions of dollars in U.S. over three decades.[54] Texas border, apparently in preparation for military aid later, Colombia has made little As if the obscene spectacle of U.S. govern- any civil unrest after the late-summer presi- progress in stemming the flow of cocaine ment funds supporting the murder of a U.S. dential election.’’ The systems imported from its territory to the United States; in citizen were not evidence enough that U.S. from the United States included the 17-ton fact, in March of 1995 the Clinton Adminis- arms policies towards Guatemala have gone Cobra riot control vehicle, equipped with tration stopped just short of cutting off all seriously awry, subsequent revelations about water cannon and dye guns that can be used U.S. aid to Colombia as punishment for the the CIA’s role in Guatemala raise even more to ‘‘mark’’ troublesome demonstrators for current government’s lackluster efforts to troubling questions. later identification by the police; and the 12- bring members of the drug cartels to jus- From 1986 through 1991, the United States ton Textron armored water cannon, which tice.[62] accounted for 86 percent of all weaponry im- can spray with an impact of 120 pounds at a When tensions between Ecuador and Peru ported by the Guatemalan military. In re- range of up to 50 feet. Pro-democracy activ- erupted into a full-scale border war in Janu- sponse to ongoing human rights abuses in ists in Mexico roundly condemned the sale. ary of 1995, it marked the latest case in H 5510 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE May 24, 1995 which the United States has provided sub- correspondents at the presidential palace in Yemeni government also had access to 11 F– stantial amounts of weaponry to both sides Lima, Fujimori noted that one of the Peru- 5E fighters, 50M60A1 tanks, and 70 M113 ar- of a conflict. vian aircraft that was shot down in the air mored personnel carriers that it had inher- Ecuador received over $111 million in U.S. war with Ecuador was an A–37 attack plane, ited from the government of North Yemen (a Military equipment between F.Y. 1984 and a U.S. counterinsurgency aircraft that is former U.S. ally) when North and South F.Y. 1993. U.S. shipments accounted for more manufactured by the Cessna division of Tex- Yemen merged. Despite reports that the U.S. than 33% of all Ecuadorean weapons imports tron and nicknamed the ‘‘Dragonfly.’’[67] government withheld spare parts for U.S. in the most recent five year period, and 50% In Asia, the fastest growing arms market systems during the conflict, at least four of of all such shipments from 1991 through 1993. in the world, U.S. weapons are playing a the F5–Es and an unknown number of the In the five years following the announce- central part in a critical conflict as well. U.S.-supplied tanks and armored personnel ment of the Bush Administration’s Andean The government of the Philippines has carriers were utilized in the conflict. [72] been waging counterinsurgency campaigns antidrug initiative, Ecuador has received $21 III. Strengthening Potential Adversaries: million in security assistance from the Unit- against the New People’s Army (NPA) and The Boomerang Effect ed States, including military grants and several other indigenous guerrilla move- training, giveaways of excess U.S. Defense ments for over two decades. The United One of the most striking features of U.S. equipment, and balance of payments assist- States has taken sides in this civil war by arms sales policy since the end of the Cold ance under the Economic Support Fund pro- supplying the Philippine government with War has been the regularity with which U.S.- gram (ESF).[63] A passage on the aid pro- over $619 million worth of U.S. weaponry supplied weapons have ended up in the hands gram for Ecuador in the 1993 edition of the over the past decade. The U.S. supplied 93% of U.S. adversaries. The last four times the joint Pentagon/State Department Congres- of the Philippine government’s arms imports United States has sent troops into conflict in sional Presentation on Security Assistance from 1987 through 1991, dropping to 75% for substantial numbers—in Panama, Iraq, So- provided an ironic foreshadowing of precisely the period from 1991 through 1993.[68] malia, and Haiti—they faced forces on the how the U.S. Weaponry provided to that na- While there has been no detailed account- other side that had received U.S. weapons, tion for the fight against drugs would prove ing of the role of U.S. weapons and training training or military technology in the period useful in its 1995 jungle border war with in the civil war in the Philippines, it is clear leading up to the outbreak of hostilities. Peru: that at least some of the equipment being While representatives of arms exporting ‘‘The proposed FY 93 FMF [Foreign Mili- supplied by the United States has direct ap- companies have argued that this ‘‘leakage’’ tary Financing] program will provide vehi- plications to counterinsurgency, and that of U.S. weaponry to potential adversaries cles, aircraft spare parts, and communica- the United States government has gone to has been minimal (see section II, above), the tions equipment to improve military mobil- some effort to obscure this fact. For exam- statistical evidence tells a different story. ity in remote regions. It will also provide ple, when the United States made its first re- Panama: When President Bush ordered weapons and ammunition.’’[64] port to the United Nations arms register in U.S. troops into Panama in December of 1989 This increased mobility apparently proved 1993, it indicated a delivery of nine ‘‘combat to capture Panamanian President Manuel useful to Ecuadorean forces during the early aircraft’’ to the Philippines, with no further Noriega and bring him back to the United weeks of the war, as they seized a decidedly description. When the Philippines reported States to face trial on charges of drug traf- remote border zone in the Amazon jungle. on its weapons imports for that same year, ficking and money laundering, they faced a When Peru counterattacked to win back they indicated receipt of 19 (not nine) com- Panamanian defense force that had been to a the captured territory, its armed forces were bat aircraft, and they identified the planes considerable extent made in the U.S.A. Pan- also well equipped with U.S. Weaponry. Al- as Rockwell OV–10A Broncos, an aircraft de- ama received $33.5 million in U.S. weaponry though U.S. Military aid to Peru has been an signed specifically for counterinsurgency under the FMS and commercial sales pro- on again, off again affair in recent years due missions. [69] In early April, the Inter- grams during the 1980s, and the U.S. ac- to questions raised by Peruvian President national Herald Tribune reported that Phil- counted for 44% of Panama’s weapons im- Alberto Fujimori’s imposition of martial ippine forces had used U.S. supplied Broncos ports in the five years leading up to the inva- law, the United States still managed to ship to conduct bombing raids against Muslim sion. Equally important, a large part of the $136 million worth of military equipment to guerrilla forces near the city of Zamboanga. Panamanian officer corps had been trained Peru between F.Y. 1984 and F.Y. 1993. In all, [70] by the United States military: from 1950 U.S. sources supplied 6% of Peru’s total arms The war in Afghanistan is not the only in- through 1987, 6,695 Panamanian military per- imports between F.Y. 1987 and F.Y. 1991, in- stance of U.S. covert weapons assistance sonnel received training under the Penta- creasing slightly to 8.5% between 1991 and being misused long after the original purpose gon’s International Military Education and 1993. Protestations over Fujimori’s record of that assistance has passed. In Angola, Training program (IMET), at a cost of $8.3 notwithstanding, the United States supplied where the U.S. provided approximately $250 million.73 Although U.S. troops encountered over $293 million in security assistance to million in covert weapons shipments to minimal resistance in their effort to capture Peru between F.Y. 1990 and F.Y. 1994, mostly Jonas Savimbi’s UNITA movement between Noriega, the Panama invasion was the first in the form of cash payments under the Eco- 1986 and 1991, U.S.-supplied systems were uti- incident in a disturbing pattern that has nomic Support Fund (ESF) program.[65] A lized extensively in UNITA’s efforts to shoot characterized every major U.S. military presentation to Congress on the F.Y. 1992 aid its way into power and overturn the results intervention since the end of the Cold War: proposals for Peru provides a capsule sum- of U.N.-sponsored elections. A November 1994 U.S. forces going into battle against forces mary of the kinds of assistance and training report by Human Rights Watch notes that that have been armed or trained by their that the United States has attempted to pro- ‘‘U.S.-made 106mm recoilless rifles mounted own government. vide to the Peruvian government and armed on four-wheel-drive vehicles have been par- Iraq: Despite recent efforts by the defense forces in the period leading up to the 1995 ticularly popular with UNITA.’’ The report industry and the Clinton Administration to border war with Ecuador: also recounts Angolan government asser- argue that the United States did not arm ‘‘The proposed FY 1992 FMF [Foreign Mili- tions that they have captured U.S.-made Iraq in the period leading up to the 1991 Gulf tary Financing] program will provide indi- antitank missiles, mortars, and grenade War, there is ample documentation dem- vidual troop equipment, small arms and launchers from UNITA forces. As in Afghani- onstrating that the Reagan and Bush admin- heavy weapons and ammunition, commu- stan, UNITA forces in Angola also received istrations supplied critical military tech- nications equipment, vehicles, river patrol Stinger antiaircraft missiles from the United nologies that were put directly to use in the boats and spare parts for previously-provided States during the 1980s, although the Bush construction of the Iraqi war machine. There aircraft and helicopters. ESF [Economic Administration apparently got the Stingers is also strong evidence indicating that the Support Funds] will provide balance of pay- back from UNITA by swapping them for executive branch’s failure to crack down on ments support and fund alternative develop- ‘‘less sensitive lethal equipment.’’ [71] As of illegal weapons traffickers or keep track of ment activities in coca-growing areas and ju- early 1995, it appeared that UNITA was fi- third party transfers of U.S. weaponry al- dicial reform activities. IMET [International nally prepared to put down its arms as part lowed a substantial flow of U.S.-origin mili- Military Education and Training] will pro- of a United Nations sponsored demobiliza- tary equipment and military components to vide professional military education, tech- tion plan; but the question remains whether make their way to Iraq.74 nical, management, and special police anti- the Angolan civil war could have been ended The differences in perception regarding the narcotics training, and training to improve years sooner with considerably less loss of degree to which the United States govern- military and police human rights prac- life if the United States and other major ment helped to arm Iraq center around the tices.’’[66] arms suppliers hadn’t provided hundreds of fact that the most significant U.S. contribu- Important elements of this ambitious aid millions of dollars worth of armaments to tions to the Iraqi military complex were not program were sidetracked in April of 1992 both sides in that twenty year conflict. through direct transfers of guns, tanks, heli- when President Fujimori imposed martial Last but not least, when a civil war erupt- copters, or other finished weapons systems, law, but previous U.S. weapons and training ed in Yemen at the end of 1994, reporting fo- but rather through supplies of so-called (not to mention hundreds of millions of dol- cused on Soviet-origin weaponry utilized by ‘‘dual use’’ technologies. This misunder- lars in aid provided under the Economic Sup- the government of Yemen, along with the standing was at the heart of the misleading port Fund program) left a substantial mark possibility that some of it had been main- press coverage of the Justice Department’s on the shape and size of the Peruvian armed tained with the assistance of Iraqi advisors. investigation of the BNL affair, a scandal in- forces. In a February 1995 briefing for foreign Less attention was paid to the fact that the volving provision of U.S.-guaranteed loans to May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H 5511 Iraq by the Atlanta branch of Italy’s state- its own cluster bomb factory, he apparently with respect to the sales to Iran. Bull’s most run Banca Nazionale del Lavoro. For exam- did so with the acquiescence of several agen- ambitious project, helping Iraq to build a ple, a headline in the New York Times an- cies of the U.S. government. According to ‘‘supergun’’ that would allegedly have been nounced that ‘‘Inquiry Finds No U.S. In- Nasser Beydoun, a Lebanese-born arms deal- capable of launching a projectile from Bagh- volvement in the Iraqi Arms Buildup,’’ and er who worked as Cardoen’s U.S. representa- dad to Tel Aviv, was cut short when he was the Washington Post reported that the Jus- tive, the CIA was aware of the deal but assassinated in March of 1990. [81] tice Department’s lead investigator, John ‘‘looked the other way’’ because Cardoen and One final example of U.S. government com- Hogan, had asserted that ‘‘Washington ap- his associates had been helpful in a covert plicity in the arming of Saddam Hussein is pears to have authorized the sale to Saddam CIA plan to provide missile technology to the case of Sarkis Soghanalian, who for only of some communications gear and a sin- South Africa. In addition, investigators for years worked as an arms dealer for Iraq out gle pistol.’’ In fact, the Justice investigators ABC News discovered that in 1986 the U.S. of offices based at the Miami airport. Among made it clear in their summary of findings Patent Office had improperly granted the deals that Soghanalian worked on from that their mandate was not to assess the ex- Cardoen a patent for his own version of a his U.S. base were a successful scheme to tent to which U.S. exports may have contrib- U.S. cluster bomb design, at a time when send 26 Hughes MD–50 helicopters to Iraq and uted to Iraq’s military production capabili- Chile was ineligible to receive cluster bombs a failed deal to procure Romanian uniforms ties but rather to ‘‘determine whether from the United States.[79] Howard Teicher, for Iraqi military forces. Soghanalian has chargeable crimes could be proved beyond a who served on Ronald Reagan’s National Se- maintained publicly that his arms deals with reasonable doubt.’’ The report went on to curity Council from 1982 to 1987, has made Iraq were not challenged during the 1980s be- note that ‘‘[b]ecause our inquiry was limited even more explicit charges of U.S. involve- cause key U.S. government agencies were in that way, this report is not intended ei- ment in Cardoen’s scheme to ship cluster ‘‘in on the deal,’’ a claim that is lent some ther to criticize or to approve of any policy bomb technology to Iraq. In a recent sworn credence by the fact that he operated so decisions.’’[75] statement filed in federal court in Miami, openly as an arms procurement agent for To craft a policy for the future that avoids Teicher asserts that under the direction of Saddam Hussein without any interference ‘‘another Iraq,’’ it is necessary to undertake William Casey, the CIA ‘‘authorized, ap- from U.S. intelligence or law enforcement precisely the task that the Justice Depart- proved, and assisted’’ Cardoen’s effort to give agencies. He was finally convicted on ment’s investigators viewed as outside their cluster bombs to Iraq, because Casey be- charges of illegally selling helicopters to purview: a critical analysis of the policy- lieved that the weapons would be ‘‘the per- Iraq in the fall of 1991, long after his services making process regarding transfers of mili- fect force multiplier’’ for Iraq to fight off as one of Saddam Hussein’s most valued tarily useful equipment to the Baghdad re- Iran’s strategy of sending ‘‘human waves’’ of arms brokers had been rendered irrelevant gime during the period from 1985 through attackers against Iraqi positions during the by Iraq’s defeat in the Gulf War. [82] 1990. As for the types of equipment that were Iran/Iraq war.[80] Whether due to oversight When he learned of the details of U.S. gov- approved for sale to Iraq, the Justice Depart- or wilful negligence, U.S. government agen- ernment acquiescence in Gerald Bull’s var- ment report acknowledges that hundreds of cies helped smooth the way for Cardoen’s ious illegal arms transactions at the height dual use items with applications to military transfer of U.S.-origin cluster bomb know- of the Gulf conflict, Rep. Howard Wolpe (D– production were approved for export to Iraq how to Iraq. in the five years prior to the Gulf conflict of Another major source of weapons for Iraq MI) reacted angrily, with a statement that 1990–91. The Iraq issue was never about pis- was Canadian-born artillery specialist (and could just as easily been applied to the whole tols—it has always been about the transfer naturalized U.S. citizen) Gerald V. Bull. Dur- executive branch approach to private arms of weapons production technology. ing the 1970s Bull ran his firm, the Space Re- dealers and producers like Cardoen, Bull, and The first step in understanding the United search Corporation, on a 10,000 acre site on Soghanalian: States contribution to the Iraqi military the Vermont/Canadian border. It was here ‘‘The bottom line here is that because we buildup prior to the 1991 Gulf War is to look that he developed the technology for the G– have been so lax in our enforcement of Amer- at the concept of dual use technologies. Dual 5 155mm howitzer, a state-of-the-art artillery ican laws we are now finding American-made use items include everything from unarmed piece notable for its extensive range. Bull re- technology in the hands of the Iraqi forces light aircraft or helicopters that can be ceived considerable help at key stages in his that are pointing their cannons at American adapted to military uses, to instruments of career from various agencies of the U.S. gov- soldiers. That’s outrageous.’’ [83] torture like thumbscrews, to equipment like ernment. Before he set up his U.S.-based Somalia: The U.S. arms supply relation- computers, machine tools, and measuring de- company, he was granted U.S. citizenship ship with Somalia presents a textbook case vices that can be applied to the production under a rare special act of Congress spon- of what can go wrong when short-term polit- and testing of civilian or military products. sored by Sen. Barry Goldwater (R–AZ). Dur- ical interests outrank long-term strategic Between 1985 and 1990, the U.S. Department ing the period when Bull was perfecting his considerations in U.S. arms transfer deci- of Commerce granted licenses for more than howitzer design, Space Research benefited sionmaking. From the end of the Carter Ad- $1.5 billion in dual use exports to Iraq, more from millions of dollars worth of contracts ministration in 1979 through beginning of the than $500 million of which was delivered be- from the U.S. Army. According to former Bush Administration in 1989, the regime of fore the outbreak of the Gulf War in August CIA Angola station chief John Stockwell, in Maj. Gen. Mohammed Siad Barre received of 1990.[76] Under pressure from Congress and the mid-1970s Bull was assisted by the CIA in roughly $1 billion in U.S. military and eco- the public, in March 1991 the Commerce De- setting up a lucrative deal with to supply nomic aid, including $154 million in weapons partment released a list of the dual use li- howitzers, artillery shells, and howitzer pro- deliveries under the foreign military sales censes it granted for exports to Iraq in the duction technology to South Africa for use and commercial sales programs. U.S. arms five years leading up to the conflict. Even a in its war against the government of Angola. deliveries accounted for 31% of Somalia’s casual perusal of the list makes it evident When this deal was uncovered, Bull was pros- arms imports from 1985 to 1989, making the that many of these items were put directly ecuted for violations of U.S. arms export United States Somalia’s top weapons sup- to work in Iraq’s military research and pro- laws and served four and one-half months in plier during the period leading up to the duction network. In addition to items that the U.S. federal prison at Allenwood, Penn- overthrow of the Barre regime and the out- were licensed for export to obvious military sylvania. However, the Customs Service in- break of clan warfare in Somalia.[84] end users like the Iraqi Air Force or the vestigator who made the case against Bull The rationale for U.S. arms aid to Somalia Iraqi Atomic Energy Agency, the list in- has argued that the Justice Department let was pure Cold War geopolitics. The Carter cluded numerous licenses for equipment that Bull off relatively easily because his illegal Administration decided that Somali ports was being sent to Saad 16, a military produc- acts were linked to a CIA covert operation. and airfields would be useful as stepping tion complex south of Baghdad that is After Bull was released from prison in 1980, stones for a potential military intervention known, among other things, as the center for he set up shop in Belgium, marketing his in the Middle East by the new U.S. Rapid De- Iraq’s research and production work on bal- howitzer technology to a customer list that ployment Force (since renamed and reorga- listic missiles.[77] Congressional investiga- included both China and Iraq. Because Bull nized as the Central Command). The Carter tors later learned that even this list, which was a U.S. citizen and his howitzer tech- and Reagan Administrations justified this revealed significant U.S. contributions to nology was developed in the United States, new arms relationship with Somalia (which Iraq’s defense industrial base, was incom- he was required under U.S. law to receive was a Soviet arms client during the 1970s) as plete and misleading; at least 68 entries had clearance from the State Department’s Of- a straight quid pro quo: U.S. arms were been changed to obscure their military appli- fice of Munitions Control in order to market swapped for access to Somalia military fa- cations.[78] this system internationally; despite his prior cilities such as the port of Berbera. An added While the Commerce Department’s licens- conviction for violating U.S. export laws, the argument for supplying the Somalia regime ing process provided the most direct channel State Department readily granted Bull was the fact the Somalia’s larger neighbor, for U.S. assistance to Iraq’s military build- clearance to sell his guns on the world mar- Ethiopia, had recently fallen out of the U.S. up, there were also significant transfers of ket. Iraq ended up purchasing Bull-designed orbit and allied itself with the Soviet Union. U.S. military technology and knowhow G–5 howitzers from both South Africa and A run through the executive branch’s jus- through indirect channels. When Chilean Austria. In the case of the Austrian sales, tifications to Congress from the 1980s for arms dealer Carlos Cardoen decided to sell U.S. officials were aware that the guns were shipping weaponry to Somalia provides a vir- Iraq $400 million worth of cluster bombs being sold to both Iran and Iraq, by lodged tual catalog of wishful thinking regarding along with the technology for Iraq to build protests with the Austrian government only how U.S. arms supplies might somehow turn H 5512 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE May 24, 1995 around what was obviously a rapidly deterio- and commercial sales programs. This seem- even in cases where the President sought an rating security situation. Time and again, ingly modest amount was significant by the exemption, members of Congress would be despite mounting human rights abuses and standards of Haiti, which maintains 7,000 forced to go on the record for or against, pro- an emerging civil war, Pentagon and State personnel in its armed forces and spends on viding a measure of public accountability Department officials justified the arms flow average only about $50 million per year on that rarely occurs that rarely occurs under to Siad Barre’s regime on the grounds that it its military budget. Of equal importance, current law. would ‘‘foster stability.’’[85] the most unin- during the past ten years the United States Under current procedures, if a major arms tentionally ironic statement of the U.S. pol- has trained 164 members of the Haitian offi- sale does not involve the provision of U.S. icy of ignoring instability in Somalia and cer corps. In addition, from 1986 through 1991, assistance, Congress can choose whether or pressing ahead with military-related assist- U.S. intelligence agencies were secretly arm- not to vote on the deal; failure to vote sig- ance was offered by the Bush Administration ing and training key military and intel- nals acquiescence in the sale. Of the 50 to 100 in a 1991 presentation to Congress: ligence officials in Haiti at a cost of up to $1 major arms sales notified to Congress each ‘‘Prior to the civil war, ended by a January million per year, allegedly for the purpose of year, the vast majority of them are not sub- 1991 coup, we urged the Siad Barre govern- assisting in the interdiction of illegal nar- jected to a vote, scrutizined in hearings, or ment to improve human rights, undertake cotics. Taking into account these secret debated on the floor of the Congress. And in real political reform and promote national weapons shipments, total U.S. arms deliv- the more than twenty years since Congress reconciliation. * * * Despite the adverse im- eries to Haiti during the period from 1987 first acquired the power to vote down arms pact of the civil war and the coup of U.S.-So- through 1991 exceeded 25% of total Haitian sales, it has never successfully done so. mali relations, our interests in the region re- arms imports. Key U.S.-designed equipment There have been a few ‘‘close calls’’ such as main the same. The new Somali government in the Haitian military’s inventory include the 1981 Saudi AWACS sale. There have also has expressed an interest in resuming bilat- six Cadillac Gage V–150 Commando armored been a few cases where the executive branch eral relations, and may be willing to under- personnel carriers (a vehicle specially tai- has withdrawn a deal or reduced it in size to take several democratic reforms which we lored for ‘‘riot control’’), two Cessna 337 air- avoid a battle with the Congress, such as the support’’.[86] craft armed with rockets, and a variety of 1986 decision by the Reason Administration This analysis was offered in support of of- naval equipment and small arms. [88] to forgo additional sales of F–15 aircraft to fering U.S. military training to the new So- While the Haitian mission proceeded re- Saudi Arabia (a decision which was reversed mali government. A new round of fighting markably smoothly, with minimal U.S. cas- by the Bush Administration when it offered within Somalia ensured shortly thereafter, ualties, the question remains whether past the Saudis 72 F–15s in 1992). But on the and a year and one-half later President Bush U.S. supplies of arms, training, and intel- whole, the current system has allowed tens sent U.S. troops to Somalia as part of a Unit- ligence resources to a series of military- of billions of dollars in arms sales to be made ed Nations force charged with imposing some dominated regimes in Haiti may have unnec- every year with very little in the way of con- semblance of order upon rival armed factions essarily complicated Haiti’s transition to de- gressional scrunity or public input. The Code that were threatening the delivery of hu- mocracy, calling forth an intervention that of Conduit bill would correct this deficiency manitarian relief to a beleaguered and mal- might have been prevented if sounder arms by stimulating the kind of vigorous public nourished Somali populace. From 1991 to transfer decisions had been made by the debate that should be a fundamental require- 1993, the United States has supplied 100% of United States during the 1970s and 1980s. ment for making decisions on transfers of all new weaponry imported by Somalia’s IV. Taking Control: Reforming the Arms weaponry that can have dangerous and un- governing coalition. foreseen consequences for United States and Transfer Decisionmaking Process When Siad Barre was overthrown in Janu- international security.[89] Contrary to recent claims of the Clinton ary of 1991, much of the weaponry that the Recommendation 2: Provide more detailed re- Administration and other key participants United States had so diligently supplied to porting on U.S. transfers of arms and mili- in the arms export debate, U.S. weapons are his government during the 1980s fell into the tary technology, and press for other nations decidedly not limited to responsible suppli- hands of the rival factions that carried on to do the same. ers who are using them strictly for legiti- the civil war that served as the rationale for Although the United States generally dis- the dispatch of U.S. troops to that nation in mate defensive purposes. When 90% of the world’s ongoing conflicts involve parties closes more information on sales of arms and December of 1992. Despite the usual asser- military technology than any other major tions that U.S. weapons deliveries to Soma- that have received U.S. weaponry; when the last four major U.S. troop deployments have weapons supplying nation, there are still a lia were largely ‘‘defensive’’ or ‘‘nonlethal’’ number of significant gaps in reporting that equipment, the U.S. provided significant been against adversaries that received arms, training, or military technology from the to make it difficult (and in some cases im- quantities of small arms, including 4,800 M– possible) to assess the potential impacts of 16 rifles, 84 106mm recoilless rifles, two dozen United States; and when U.S. weapons are utilized to kill innocent civilians and abuse U.S. transfers to a given regime. machine guns, 75 81mm mortars, and an un- At the high end of the trade, prospective human rights in Indonesia, Turkey, Angola, specified quantity of land mines. Larger sales of fighter planes, tanks, and advanced and Guatemala, something is clearly wrong weaponry included 24 M–113 armored person- attack helicopters, and other sophisticated nel carriers, 18 155mm towed howitzers, and with the arms transfer decisionmaking proc- systems are routinely reported to the Con- 448 TOW anti-tank missiles. The smaller ess. This section makes specific rec- gress for its approval or disapproval. How- items on this list, including the M–16s, ma- ommendations for promoting greater ac- ever, this information is not always made chine guns, recoilless rifles, and land mines, countability in arms transfer decisions, in readily available to the public in a timely were precisely the kinds of weaponry that the hopes of preventing a repetition of the fashion. During the 1970s, the unclassified were utilized by the forces of the warlord disastrous arms deals that have been docu- portions of all major proposed arms sales Mohammed Farah Aideed and other Somali mented in this report. were routinely reprinted in the Congres- factions in their fighting with U.S. and Unit- Recommendation 1: Pass the arms transfer Code sional Record, thereby allowing interested ed Nations troops posted to Somalia. While of Conduct bill members of the public to inform themselves the U.S. was far from the only supplier to In February of 1995, Senator Mark Hatfield about prospective weapons exports and make add to the atmosphere of armed chaos that (R–OR) and Representative Cynthia McKin- their voices heard to the Congress when it took hold of Somali society, U.S. weapons ney (D–GA) reintroduced legislation calling would still make a difference (Congress cur- delivered during the 1980s played a signifi- for the establishment of a Code of Conduct rently has thirty calendar days to disapprove cant role, first in supporting the regime of for U.S. weapons transfers (bill number H.R. or acquiesce in a given sale). This practice Siad Barre in its campaign of terror against 772 in the House and bill number S. 326 in the was discontinued in the early 1980s, allegedly his own population, and then in supporting Senate). Under the Code, governments that because of Pentagon concerns that releasing the warfighting capabilities of the Somali engage in aggression against their neighbors, this data would reveal too much information factions involved in the civil war that car- violate the human rights of their own citi- about the ‘‘order of battle’’ of U.S. weapons ried on after Barre was overthrown.[87] zens, come to power through undemocratic clients. In the interests of stimulating an in- Haiti: When President Clinton decided to means, or refuse to participate in the United formed debate, Congress should return to the dispatch U.S. troops to Haiti in late 1994 to Nations arms register would not be eligible practice of printing the details of all major clear the way for the restoration to power of to receive weaponry from the United States. arms sales proposals in the Congressional Haiti’s elected leader, Jean Bertrand If the President wanted to make an excep- Record.[90] Aristide, most of the media attention was fo- tion for a specific country on national secu- At the mid-to-low end of the trade, there is cused on the last minute shuttle diplomacy rity grounds, he would have to ask Congress no longer any regular U.S. government re- carried out by former President Jimmy to pass a bill providing an exemption for porting on the trade in small arms or ‘‘light Carter retired Gen. Colin Powell, and Sen- that nation. weaponry’’—the rifles, mortars, light vehi- ator San Nunn. There was very little discus- The benefits of the Code of Conduct would cles, land mines, and ammunition that are sion of the historic U.S. role in arming and be twofold. First, it would place consider- frequently the weapons of choice in today’s training the Haitian military and intel- ations and the character of a given arms re- ethnic conflicts and civil wars. This was not ligence forces that United States troops were ceipt and how that nation might use U.S. always the case. Up through fiscal year 1980, sent to keep in check. From F.Y. 1984 to F.Y. weaponry up front in the arms transfer the State Department issued an annual re- 1993, the United States delivered $2.6 million decisonmaking process, preventing sales to port under Section 657 of the Foreign Assist- worth of weaponry to Haiti under the FMS unstable regimes in the process. Second, ance Act that listed every item of military May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H 5513 equipment delivered from the United States hands of eventual U.S. adversaries in Pan- Recommendation 5: The Clinton Administration to any foreign country in the prior fiscal ama, Iraq, Somalia and Haiti (see sections (or its successor) should vigorously pursue a year, ranging from rifles and bullets on up to III and IV, above). In an attempt to prevent policy of multilateral arms transfer restraint advanced combat aircraft. The report was this ‘‘boomerang effect’’ from repeating it- designed to limit sales of conventional discontinued during the Reagan Administra- self in the future, Representative Cynthia weaponry to regions of conflict or repressive tion, but the information upon which it was McKinney sponsored a successful amend- regimes based is still regularly collected by the Pen- ment to the Fiscal Year 1995 Department of Contrary to the findings of the Clinton Ad- tagon’s Defense Security Assistance Agency Defense Authorization bill requiring the ministration’s new conventional arms trans- and the State Department’s Office of Defense Pentagon to report annually on how pro- fer policy, Presidential Directive 41, limiting Trade Controls. The section 657 report should posed arms transfers might create ‘‘in- the spread of weaponry to regions of conflict be reinstituted as an annual publication, to creased capabilities’’ on the part of potential should be the paramount priority governing provide a tool for keeping track of potential adversaries, and how they might ‘‘pose an in- U.S. arms transfer decisions in the post-Cold abuses of U.S.-supplied weaponry by undemo- creased threat’’ to U.S. forces in some future War era. Economic and defense industrial cratic regimes or nations at war with their base concerns should take a back seat to ef- neighbors. The report should be widely dis- conflict. The amendment also requires the Pentagon to ‘‘present alternative strategies forts to construct a multilateral arms export seminated in the Congress, the media, and control regime that can serve as a tool for for regional security based on mutual reduc- among interested members of the general preventing conflicts, and for limiting their tions in the size, spending, and capabilities public.[91] duration and severity once they break out. of forces and among agreements among arms Finally, a full accounting of U.S. arms At a time when the United States controls transfer policy must include regular, de- supplying nations to join the United States 72% of new arms sales agreements with the tailed reporting on U.S. transfers of so-called in reducing or halting military cooperation developing world, U.S. leadership remains an ‘‘dual use’’ equipment—items such as ad- activities.’’[93] Representative McKinney’s essential prerequisite for any meaningful vanced machine tools and computers, meas- amendment represents an important first multilateral arrangement for limiting the uring instruments, or unarmed light heli- step toward shifting the terms of the debate flow of conventional armaments.[96] copters and aircraft. These items can either over U.S. arms transfers toward consider- FOOTNOTES be adapted for military use, or, more impor- ation of the long-term dangers of unre- tantly, utilized to build advanced weapons strained weapons trading rather than the ap- 1. On this point see Lora Lumpe, ‘‘Arms and No In- systems. If Congress and the public had been fluence,’’ Arms Sales Monitor, No. 27, Washington, parent short-term political and economic DC, Federation of American Scientists, November aware of the particulars of the nearly $1.5 payoffs of a given arms deal. billion in dual use export licenses that the 30, 1994; and Dr. Louis J. Samuelson, editor, The Management of Security Assistance (Wright Patter- Commerce Department granted to companies As a further step in the right direction, the Pentagon and the Central Intelligence Agen- son Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio: April 1991), p. 51. seeking to sell equipment to Iraq during 1985 2. Richard F. Grimmett, Conventional Arms through 1990, some of the more dangerous cy should be required to file annual reports Transfers to the Third World, 1986–1993, (Washing- items on the list might not have been ap- on how U.S.-supplied weaponry is being put ton, DC: Congressional Research Service, July 1994). proved for sale. In keeping with the findings to use in current conflicts, either by the 3. The list of fifty conflicts was compiled by the of a 1991 Congressional review of U.S. export original recipients, or as the result of unau- author, drawing upon the following sources: Ted procedures in the wake of the Persian Gulf thorized transfers to third parties. These re- Robert Gurr, ‘‘Peoples Against States: Ethnopolitical Conflict and the Changing World Sys- War, legislation should be passed requiring ports could serve as a running record of the tem,’’ International Studies Quarterly, Vol. 38, No. the Commerce Department to make public consequences of past U.S. weapons trading 3, September 1994, pp. 347–377; Peter Wallensteen and the details of its dual use licensing decisions, activities, and they would hopefully inject a Karen Axell, ‘‘Mayor Armed Conflicts,’’ in SIPRI including the type of equipment and com- note of caution into Congressional debates Yearbook 1994 (New York: Oxford University Press, pany involved, the value of the proposed over new proposed transfers. The institution 1994), pp. 81–95; and David Binder and Barbara Crossette, ‘‘As Ethnic Wars Multiply, U.S. Strives sale, and the institution within the recipient of this reporting mechanism would mark a country slated to receive that equipment.[92] for a Policy,’’ New York Times, February 7, 1993. sharp break from past practice, which indi- The list utilized in this study includes all ‘‘major If these steps toward greater transparency cates that in some instances the intelligence conflicts,’’ defined by SIPRI as ‘‘prolonged combat regarding U.S. transfer of weapons and mili- community hasn’t even been keeping close between military forces of two or more govern- tarily useful technology are implemented, tabs on its own covert weapons shipments, ments, or of one government and an organized the United States will be in a much stronger much less reporting them to the Congress or armed group, and incurring the battle-related position to press for increased reporting by deaths of at least 1,000 people during the entire con- the public. For example, the Justice Depart- other major suppliers. flict. This study also covers all but a handful of the ment’s final report of its investigation of the The United Nations arms register cur- smallest wars covered in Gurr’s list of ‘‘Serious and rently excludes reporting on important cat- U.S. role in arming Iraq contained the fol- Emerging Ethnopolitical Conflicts in 1993–94.’’ Gurr’s list uses a more inclusive standard, namely egories such as small arms and dual use lowing troubling description of the CIA’s handling of information on its arms sales ac- deaths incurred ‘‘directly through fighting or mas- technologies. The Clinton Administration sacres or indirectly through starvation, disease, and should press to have small arms added to the tivities: ‘‘Is one instance, it took the CIA displacement, from the beginning of its current UN arms register, so that the weapons of two months to identify the intended recipi- phase through mid-1993.’’ choice in today’s ongoing wars are covered ent of weapons shipped at the CIA’s re- 4. Wallensteen and Axell, op. cit., p. 80. by this important international monitoring quest.’’[94] 5. Because the Peru-Ecuador border war erupted in mechanism. For dual use items, in addition January of 1995, it is not covered in the statistical Recommendation 4: Outlaw covert weapons appendix, but it is discussed in the text (see section to pressing for consultation on sale of major shipments II, below). items in the context of developing a succes- 6. Outside of the major producers in the developed sor regime to the Cold War-era Coordination From Iran/contra to the arming of Iraq to world—the United States, Russia, Germany, France, Committee on Multilateral Export Controls the ongoing proliferation of weapons origi- Italy and the United Kingdom—there are only a (Cocom), the administration should press for nally intended for Afghan rebel movements, handful of nations that can be considered self-suffi- cient (or nearly so) in armaments production. If one some form of international, public reporting covert weapons trafficking has been the driv- system on dual use sales. This might take considers only smaller, less sophisticated systems ing force behind a series of unmitigated for- such as rifles, mortars, and light military vehicles, the form of an annual report by the members eign policy fiascoes. the number of countries with significant indigenous of a Cocom successor regime detailing major production capabilities increases to perhaps two to dual use licenses granted during the previous Whatever rationale there may have been three dozen. But even in these cases it is clear that year, or a voluntary reporting mechanism for covert weapons trading during the Cold arms imports have a substantial impact on the lev- that could run in parallel to the United Na- War, it is no longer a viable policy instru- els at which violent conflicts can be sustained. Un- tions arms register. ment in today’s unpredictable international fortunately, trade in small arms (also referred to as security environment. The cases of covert ‘‘light weapons’’ by some analysts) is the least well Recommendation 3: The Pentagon and the intel- documented aspect of the international arms trade, ligence community should publish regular weapons trading gone awry that have been even though it probably accounts for the bulk of the reports on the use of U.S.-supplied weap- documented in this report—Afghanistan, weapons systems that are actually utilized in cur- onry in ongoing conflicts Iran/contra, Iraq, Guatemala, and Haiti— rent ethnic conflicts. For two recent accounts of the provide ample indication that secret wheel- state of the small arms trade, see Jeffrey Boutwell, All too often, U.S. weapons are supplied on Michael T. Klare, and Laura Reed, editors, Lethal a ‘‘fire ‘em and forget ‘em’’ basis: the deci- ing and dealing in weapons does more harm than good, both by subverting the demo- Commerce: The Global Trade in Small Arms and sion to sell is made basis on short-term po- Light Weapons (Cambridge, MA: American Academy litical, strategic, or economic consider- cratic conduct of U.S. foreign policy and by of Arts and Sciences, 1995); and Swadesh Rana, ations, with little thought given to how damaging U.S. credibility and standing in Small Arms and Intrastate Conflicts (New York: these arms might be used a few years down the international community. As part of his United Nations Centre for Disarmament Affairs, the road. The classic cases of this syndrome restructuring of the CIA, President Clinton February 1995). In addition, the Arms Project at should shut down its covert operations direc- Human Rights Watch has done pathbreaking case are the ‘‘runaway weapons’’ that U.S.-backed studies on the trade in small arms that have been Afghan rebel forces have been putting up for torate and press for legislation outlawing all used in massacres and systematic human rights vio- sale on the world market during the 1990s forms of secret weapons trading by any U.S. lations, most notably Arming Rwanda: The Arms and U.S. arms supplies that fell into the government agency.[95] Trade and Human Rights Abuses in the Rwandan H 5514 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE May 24, 1995 War (New York: Human Rights Watch Arms Project, 25. ‘‘Turkey Unleashes a Massive Raid on Kurdish 54. R. Jeffrey Smith and Dana Priest, ‘‘In Wash- January 1994). Bases in Turkey,’’ International Herald Tribune, ington: Covert Aid Undermined Public Outrage,’’ 7. This narrow emphasis on preventing transfers to March 21, 1995. Washington Post, April 2, 1995. ‘‘rogue states’’ is at the heart of the Clinton Admin- 26. Ibid. 55. Tim Weiner, ‘‘Guatemalan Agent of CIA Tied to istration’s approach to arms sales, as embodied in 27. Department of Defense News Briefing by Den- Killing of American,’’ New York Times, March 23, Presidential Directive 41, which was released in Feb- nis Boxx, March 21, 1995, official DoD transcript. 1995; Tim Weiner, ‘‘CIA’s Workaday Cloak,’’ New ruary of 1994; in addition, the Clinton foreign policy 28. ‘‘Turkey Unleashes,’’ op. cit., note 25; ‘‘Turkish York Times, April 5, 1995; and Tim Weiner, ‘‘Re- team has maintained the Bush Administration dou- Army Readies Final Assault on Kurd Pockets,’’ tracting Words, White House Halts CIA Money to ble standard of denouncing Russia and China for par- International Herald Tribune, March 25–26, 1995; and Guatemala,’’ New York Times, April 5, 1995. ticular weapons deals they have entered into the John Barham, ‘‘Turkish Army Invades Iraq to 56. Alan Nairn, ‘‘CIA Death Squad,’’ The Nation, Middle East and Asia at the same time that the Strike at Turkish Bases,’’ Financial Times (London), April 17, 1995. United States dominates the overall arms market in March 21, 1995. 57. The Warren Rudman quote is cited in Michael each of these regions. For a critical analysis of the 29. John Pomfret, ‘‘Turkey’s Hunt for the Kurds: T. Klare and Peter Kornbluh, Low Intensity War- ‘‘rogue state’’ strategy, see Michael T. Klare, Rogue The Making of a Quagmire?’’, Washington Post, April fare: Counterinsurgency, Proinsurgency, and States and Nuclear Outlaws: America’s Search for a 2, 1995. Antiterrorism in the 1980s (New York: Hill and 30. Ibid. New Foreign Policy (New York: Hill and Wang, 1995). Wang, 1988), p. 19. 31. ‘‘UN Evacuates Kurds from Path of Turkey’s 58. ‘‘Mexico: The Uprising in Chiapas and Democ- 8. It is a commonplace in discussions with rep- Offensive,’’ International Herald Tribune, March 27, ratization in Mexico,’’ Hearings Before the Sub- resentatives of U.S. industry and arms sales policy- 1995; ‘‘Turkey Plays Down Criticism of Assault,’’ committee on the Western Hemisphere of the Com- makers in Washington to hear the refrain that ‘‘the International Herald Tribune, March 29, 1995; and mittee on Foreign Affairs, U.S. House of Representa- French will sell to anybody,’’ or words to that ef- Pomfret, ‘‘Turkey’s Hunt,’’ op. cit. tives, February 2, 1994 (Washington, DC: U.S. GPO, fect. While criticism of French arms transfer policy 32. Suna Erdem, ‘‘Iraqi Kurds Say Turkey Torched 1994), p. 103. is certainly justified by France’s recent record of Their Town,’’ Washington Post, March 30, 1995. 59. John MacCormack and Carmina Danini, ‘‘Mex- providing arms that were used in devastating wars 33. ‘‘Turkey Unleashes,’’ op. cit. ico Importing Riot Control Vehicles,’’ San Antonio such as the 1991 Gulf conflict and the slaughter in 34. ‘‘Germany Withholds Materiel Over Drive on Express-News, April 27, 1994. Rwanda, Paris is hardly the only world power that Kurds,’’ International Herald Tribune, March 30, 1995. 60. Ray Sanchez, ‘‘Mexican Army Maneuvers In— needs to reexamine its weapons export practices. 35. David Morrison, ‘‘Turkish War Concern for Crackdown Overshadows Elections,’’ New York 9. Richard M. Nixon, The Real War (New York: America,’’ National Journal, April 15, 1995. Newsday, February 13, 1995; see also Appendix Table Random House, 1980), p. 197. 36. U.S. Cluster Bombs for Turkey, op. cit., pp .9– I. 10. On aggression by U.S. arms clients during the 10; and Thomas W. Lippman, ‘‘Rights Group Seeks 61. Washington Office on Latin America, Clear and Nixon era see William D. Hartung, And Weapons for to Block Proposed Cluster-Bomb Sale to Turkey,’’ Present Dangers: The U.S. Military and the War on All, (New York: HarperCollins, 1994), pp. 25–26. Washington Post, December 28, 1995. Drugs in the Andes, (Washington, DC: WOLA, Octo- 11. Steven R. Weisman, ‘‘Reagan Lifts Ban on 37. ‘‘Turkish Aid Says Troops Have Left Iraq,’’ ber 1991), p. 1. Sending Israel 16 Jet War Planes,’’ New York Times, New York Times, May 5, 1995. The article actually 62. Testimony of Alexander Wilde, Executive Di- August 18, 1981; and Lee Lescaze, ‘‘Reagan Lifts Ban cites conflicting reports from two different Turkish rector, Washington Office on Latin America, to the on Delivery of 16 Jets to Israel,’’ Washington Post, officials—Turkish Defense Minister Mehmet Golhan Subcommittee on Western Hemisphere Affairs, Com- August 18, 1981. is quoted as saying ‘‘We have no one there . . . We mittee on Foreign Affairs, U.S. House of Representa- 12. On this point see Chapter 13, ‘‘Clinton Policy: have withdrawn them all and we only have security tives, June 6, 1990; Daniel Williams, ‘‘Colombia Re- Arms Control or Business As Usual?’’ in William D. measures on the border.’’ However, the article goes mains Ally in Drug Fight,’’ Washington Post, March Hartung, And Weapons for All (New York: on to indicate that ‘‘Deputy Prime Minister Hikmet 2, 1995; and ‘‘No Hail to Colombia,’’ (unsigned edi- HarperCollins, paperback edition, 1995). Cetin said . . . that a few troops still remain in torial), Washington Post, March 6, 1995. 13. Statement of Lt. Gen. Teddy G. Allen, Direc- Northern Iraq, but he did not give details.’’ 63. Data on U.S. aid and arms transfers to Ecuador tor, Defense Security Assistance Agency, before the 38. John Pomfret, ‘‘Turkish Premier Assails Kurd- is from U.S. Department of Defense, Defense Secu- Subcommittee on International Economic Policy, ish Attack’s Critics,’’ Washington Post, April 5, 1995. rity Assistance Agency, Foreign Military Sales, For- Trade, Oceans, and Environment of the Committee 39. Kenneth Katzman, ‘‘Afghanistan: U.S. Policy eign Military Construction Sales, and Military As- on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, June 16, Options,’’ Congressional Research Service Issue sistance Facts as of September 30, 1993 (Washington, 1993. Brief, November 29, 1993, p. 15. DC: DSAA, 1994); and U.S. Arms Control and Disar- 14. Wording of the administration’s policy goals is 40. Ted Galen Carpenter, ‘‘The Consequences of Af- mament Agency, World Military Expenditures and taken verbatim from ‘‘Fact Sheet: Conventional ghanistan,’’ World Policy Journal, Vol XI, No. 1, Arms Transfers, 1991–92 (Washington, DC: U.S. GPO, Arms Transfer Policy,’’ White House Press Office, Spring 1994, p. 77. 1994), Table III. Washington, DC, February 17, 1995. 41. Jim Hoagland, ‘‘No More Frankensteins,’’ 64. U.S. Department of State and U.S. Department of Defense, Congressional Presentation on Security 15. Ibid. See also Thomas E. Ricks, ‘‘Arms Sales to Washington Post, July 13, 1993. Assistance, F.Y. 1993, (Washington, DC: U.S. Depart- Take Into Account Effect on Industry,’’ The Wall 42. Tim Weiner, ‘‘U.S. Will Try to Buy Antiaircraft ment of State/Department of Defense, 1992), p. 156. Street Journal, November 16, 1994. Missiles Back From Afghans,’’ New York Times, 65. Information on U.S. military assistance and 16. Don Fuqua, President, Aerospace Industries As- July 24, 1993; on the ties of the World Trade Center arms transfers to Peru is taken from appendix Table sociation, ‘‘Merchants of Peace,’’ Aerospace Indus- suspects to Afghan weapons training camps, see I; data on assistance under the Economic Support tries Association Newsletter, Volume 7, Number 5, Caryle Murphy, ‘‘U.S. Policies Trouble Egypt,’’ Fund program is taken from U.S. Department of De- November 1994, p. 3. Washington Post, August 1, 1993 and Tim Weiner, fense and U.S. Department of State, Congressional 17. Ethan Kapstein, ‘‘America’s Arms Trade Mo- ‘‘Blowback from the Afghan Battlefield,’’ New York Presentation, op. cit., editions for F.Y. 1990 through nopoly,’’ Foreign Affairs, Vol. 73, No. 3, May/June Times Magazine, March 13, 1994. F.Y. 1994. 1994, p. 18. 43. William D. Hartung, ‘‘Proliferation’s Profit- 66. U.S. Department of State and U.S. Department 18. See appendix A, Table I for details on U.S. eers,’’ CEO/International Strategies, February/ of Defense, Congressional Presentation for Security transfers to fifty current conflicts. Data used for March 1993. Assistance, F.Y. 1992 (Washington, DC: U.S. Depart- this analysis is drawn from two principal sources: 44. Molly Moore, ‘‘Missile Buyback Stumbles,’’ ment of State/Department of Defense, 1991), p. 252. U.S. Department of Defense, Defense Security As- Washington Post, March 7, 1994; and Tim Weiner, 67. James Brooke, ‘‘Ecuador and Peru Trade Air sistance Agency, Foreign Military Sales, Foreign Mili- ‘‘U.S. Will Try to Buy Back Antiaircraft Missiles Strikes Along the Border,’’ New York Times, Feb- tary Construction Sales, and Military Assistance Facts from Afghans,’’ op. cit. ruary 12, 1995. as of September 30, 1993 (Washington, DC: DSAA, 45. David Rogers, ‘‘U.S. to Buy Back Some of Mis- 68. See appendix Table I. 1994), tables 2 and 6; and U.S. Arms Control and Dis- siles Held by Afghans,’’ Wall Street Journal, Janu- 69. United Nations Register of Conventional Arms: armament Agency, World Military Expenditures and ary 15, 1993. Report of the Secretary General (New York: United Arms Transfers, 1991–92 (Washington, DC: U.S. GPO, 46. Weiner, ‘‘U.S. Will Try to Buy Back . . .,’’ op. Nations General Assembly, October 11, 1993), pages 1994), Table III. For further details on sources, see cit. 83 and 111. the footnotes to Table I in Appendix A, below. 47. Human Rights Watch Arms Project, India: 70. ‘‘Philippine Planes Bomb Guerrillas,’’ Inter- 19. See Appendix A, Table I. Arms and Abuses in Indian Punjab and Kashmir, national Herald Tribune, April 21, 1995. 20. Human Rights Watch Arms Project, U.S. Clus- (Washington: Human Rights Watch, September 1994), 71. Human Rights Watch Arms Project, Angola: ter Bombs for Turkey?, (New York: Human Rights pp. 5–11. Arms Trade and Violations of the Laws of War Since Watch, December 1994), p. 9. 48. Christopher Smith, ‘‘Light Weapons: The For- the 1992 Elections (New York: Human Rights Watch, 21. Ibid., p. 11; see also British American Security gotten Dimension of the International Arms Trade,’’ November 1994), p. 47. Information Council, Fueling Balkan Fires: The West’s in Brassey’s Defence Yearbook 1994 (London: Center 72. Philip Finnegan, ‘‘Yemen’s Iraqi Use Irks U.S., Arming of Greece and Turkey, Project on the Arms for Defence Studies, 1994), pp. 280; and Human Rights Defense News, December 5–11, 1994. Trade Report 93.3, (Washington, DC: BASIC, 1993), Watch, India: Arms and Abuses, op. cit., pp. 12–13; 73. U.S. Department of Defense, Defense Security and British American Security Information Council, and Kenneth Katzman, ‘‘Afghanistan: U.S. Policy Assistance Agency, Foreign Military Sales, Foreign ‘‘US-German Arms Exports and Greece at a Record Options,’’ op. cit., p. 8. Military Construction Sales, and Foreign Military High,’’ May 20, 1994. 49. Human Rights Watch, India: Arms and Abuses, Assistance Facts as of September 30, 1990 (Washing- 22. For an overview of Turkey’s military indus- op. cit., p. 5. ton, DC: DSAA, 1991); and United States Arms Con- trialization drive and the role of U.S. and other for- 50. Matthew Jardine, ‘‘Weapons for Genocide in trol and Disarmament Agency, World Military Ex- eign firms in helping to sustain it through East Timor,’’ San Francisco Examiner, May 31, 1993; penditures and Arms Transfers, 1990 (Washington, coproduction and licensing deals, see Gulay Gunluk- and Allan Nairn, ‘‘A Narrow Escape from East DC: U.S. GPO, 1991), Table III. Senesen, ‘‘An Overview of the Arms Industry Mod- Timor,’’ USA Today, 11/21/91. 74. See statements by Joel Johnson and Don ernization Program in Turkey,’’ in SIPRI Yearbook 51. Human Rights Watch, Human Rights Watch Fuqua of the Aerospace Industries Association (ref- 1993: World Armaments and Disarmament (New York: World Report 1995 (New York: Human Rights Watch, erenced in footnotes 16 and 17, above). Oxford University Press, 1993), pp. 521–532. December 1994), p. 157. 75. John M. Hogan, BNL Task Force Final Re- 23. For the best review of the evidence on the 52. Ibid., p. 162; and Human Rights Watch, Human port—Report to the Attorney General, (Washington, Turkish armed forces use of U.S.-supplied systems Rights Watch World Report 1993 (New York: Human DC: U.S. Department of Justice, October 21, 1994—re- against the PKK, see U.S. Cluster Bombs for Turkey?, Rights Watch, December 1992), pp. 177–178. leased to the public in January of 1995); Neil Lewis, op. cit., pp. 4–6. 53. For the sources of the statistics cited in this ‘‘Inquiry Finds No U.S. Involvement in the Iraqi 24. Human Rights Watch/Helsinki, Turkey: Forced paragraph, see appendix, Table I; for the quote on Buildup,’’ New York Times, January 24, 1995; and Displacement of Ethnic Kurds from Southeastern Tur- the potential sale of F–16s to Indonesia see ‘‘F–16 Serge F. Kovaleski and R. Jeffrey Smith, ‘‘Justice key (Washington, DC: Human Rights Watch, October Sale to Indonesia Gains Wider Support,’’ Defense Department Find No BNL Conspiracy,’’ Washington 1994), p. 4. News, May 1–7, 1995. Post, January 24, 1995. May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H 5515 76. Michael Wines, ‘‘U.S. Tells of Prewar Tech- assistance programs, op. cit., editions for F.Y. 1980 non-governmental organizations, including Human nology Sales to Iraq Worth $500 Million,’’ New York through 1992. Rights Watch, the British American Security Infor- Times, March 12, 1991. 86. Congressional Presentation, op. cit., F.Y. 1992 mation Council (BASIC), and the Project on Demili- 77. U.S. Department of Commerce, ‘‘Fact Sheet on edition, p. 273. tarization and Democracy, See Natalie J. Goldring Export Licensing for Iraq,’’ with attached computer 87. See Appendix A, Table 1; and Grimmett, ‘‘So- and Ottfried Nassauer, ‘‘Available Sources and Data: printout, March 1991. malia: Arms Deliveries,’’ op. cit. The Trade in Light Weapons,’’ paper prepared for 78. Statement of Henry Gonzalez, Chairman, Com- 88. See Appendix Table I; Tim Weiner, Stephen the American Academy of Arts and Sciences Con- mittee on Banking, Finance and Urban Affairs, U.S. Engelberg, and Howard French, ‘‘CIA Formed Hai- ference, ‘‘International Trade in Light Weapons,’’ tian Unit Later Tied to Narcotics Trade,’’ New York House of Representatives, at Hearings Before the February 24–25, 1994; and Stephen D. Goose and Times, November 14, 1993; and Jane’s Defense Week- Committee on the Judiciary, U.S. House of Rep- Frank Smyth, ‘‘Arming Genocide in Rwanda,’’ For- resentatives, on the Issue of Appointing a Special ly Global Update: Flashpoints and Conflicts, August 1994, pp. 21–24. eign Affairs, Vol. 73, no. 5, September/October 1994, Counsel on Matters Relating to Iraq, June 2, 1992, p. pp. 86–96. 7; and Congressional Record, March 16, 1992, pp. 89. For a brief history of Congressional procedures for reviewing arms sales, see Chapter 3, ‘‘Congress 92. Strengthening the Export Licensing System: H1274–H1282. First Report by the Committee on Government Op- 79. Andy Pasztor, ‘‘Investigators Say Chilean Deal- Steps In,’’ in William D. Hartung, And Weapons for All, op. cit. pp. 45–62; and Richard Grimmett, Execu- erations (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Print- er Smuggled U.S. Weapons to Iraq,’’ Wall Street tive-Legislative Consultation on U.S. Arms Sales ing Office, 1991), pp. 40–53. Journal, November 20, 1991; ABC News Nightline, (Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service, 93. Lora Lumpe, editor, Arms Sales Monitor, No. show 2609, transcript, May 23, 1991; Kenneth 1982). 27, (Washington, DC: Federation of American Sci- Timmerman, The Death Lobby: How the West 90. As of the early 1980s, it was still possible to entists, November 30, 1994), p. 9. Armed Iraq, (New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1991), pp. construct a list of major U.S. arms sales proposals 94. John M. Hogan, ‘‘Addendum to the BNL Task 167–170 and 250; and ABC News 20/20, ‘‘Made in the by tracking the announcements of new letters of Force—Final Report,’’ (Washington, DC: United U.S.A.,’’ February 1, 1991. offer that were reprinted in the Congressional States Department of Justice, 1995), p. 3. 80. Dean Baquet, ‘‘U.S. Supplied Arms to Iraq, Ex- Record; for an example of an analysis conducted Aide Says,’’ New York Times, February 5, 1995. 95. Caleb Rossiter of the Project on Demilitariza- using this data, see William D. Hartung ‘‘Weapons tion and Democracy suggested prohibiting covert 81. For a capsule history of Gerald Bull’s arms for the World Update—1982,’’ New York, Council on trafficking activities and his relationships with var- arms supplies and training in his February 22, 1994 Economic Priorities, 1982, it is still possible to track testimony before the Senate Foreign Relations Com- ious U.S. government agencies, see William D. major U.S. arms sales through a combination of mittee’s Subcommittee on International Economic Hartung, And Weapons for All (New York: Pentagon press releases and notices in the industry Policy, noting that ‘‘[C]overt aid programs corrupt HarperCollins, 1994), pp. 195–197 and 235–236. press, but this method can result in time lags that the recipient precisely because they are covert and 82. Hartung, op. cit., pp. 189–90 and 236–237. limit the ability of the public to learn about major 83. ‘‘The Man Who Made the Supergun,’’ Frontline sales proposals and make their views known to Con- have no leverage . . . If we are to engage in aiding transcript, (Boston, MA: WGBH–TV, February 12, gress before the 30 day period within which Congress foreign forces, we should do so openly.’’ A summary 1991). can vote down a sale has passed. For current efforts of Rossiter’s testimony appears in Lora Lumpe, edi- 84. William D. Hartung, ‘‘Somalia and the Cycle of to track major arms sales, wee the ‘‘Deals in the tor, Arms Sales Monitor, No 24, (Washington, DC: Arms Sales,’’ Christian Science Monitor, February Works’’ section in Lora Lumpe, ed., Arms Sales Federation of American Scientists, March 15, 1994), 22, 1993; U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agen- Monitor (Washington, DC: Federation of American pp. 4–5. cy, World Military Expenditures and Arms Transfers Scientists, published 8 to 10 times per year); and 96. See White House Press Office, ‘‘Fact Sheet: 1990, op. cit.; and Richard F. Grimmett, ‘‘Somalia: Sarah Walkling. ACA Register of U.S., U.S. Arms Conventional Arms Sales Policy,’’ and ‘‘Fact Arms Deliveries,’’ Congressional Research Service Transfers, (Washington, DC: Arms Control Associa- Sheet—Criteria for Decisionmaking on U.S. Arms Report for Congress, October 28, 1993. tion, February 1995). Exports,’’ February 17, 1995; and Richard Grimmett, 85. U.S. Department of State and U.S. Department 91. The idea of reinstituting the section 657 reports Conventional Arms Sales to the Third World, F.Y. of Defense, Congressional Presentation on security has been put forward in recent years by a number of 1986–F.Y. 1993, op. cit. APPENDIX A: U.S. ARMS DELIVERIES TO AREAS OF CONFLICT, 1984–1993

Last year U.S. Arms de- Percent of imports pro- Region/Conflict (Major conflicts in bold) 1 U.S. deliveries, 1984–1993 ($ millions) 2 vided by U.S. 1987–91/ Other suppliers 5 livered 3 1991–93 4

Europe: 1. Former Yugoslavia (Conflicts in Croatia and Bosnia/Herzegovina) ...... $163.4 ...... 1991 13/0 Russia, Germany, Slovakia, Iran, Egypt, Saudi Arabia. 2. Spain (Govt. vs. Basque Separatists) ...... 4,003.6 ...... 6 1993 85/86 France. 3. United Kingdom (British forces and protestant paramilitary groups vs. 6,318.5 ...... 1993 100/95 IRA). 4. Russia 7 (Conflicts in Chechnya and North Ossetia) ...... None ...... NA. 5. Moldova (Conflicts in Dniester region) ...... None ...... NA. 6. Georgia (Conflicts in Abkhazia and Southern Ossetia) ...... None ...... NA. 7. Turkey (Govt. vs. Kurdish separatists) ...... 6,302.8 ...... 1993 76/80 Germany. Middle East/North Africa: 8. Azerbaijan (Conflict with Armenia over Nagorno/Karabakh) ...... None ...... NA. 9. Iraq (Conflicts with Kurdish groups in the North and Shiite Muslim groups in 4.4 8 ...... 1989 <1/0 (see 8) Former Soviet Union, China, France. the South). 10. Israel (Vs. Palestine intifada through mid-1993 and vs. Hamas) ...... 9,544.1 ...... 1993 99/91 11. Algeria (Govt. vs. Islamic militants) ...... 105.2 ...... 1993 1/0 Former Soviet Union, Egypt, China. 12. Morocco (Moroccan govt. vs. Western Sahara independence movement; UN 404.0 ...... 1993 26/76 France, other West European suppliers. referendum to be held). 13. Egypt (Govt. vs. Islamic militants) ...... 7,227.9 ...... 1993 61/89 France. 14. Sudan (Govt. vs. Sudanese People’s Liberation Army) ...... 155.6 ...... 1989 9/0 China, Middle Eastern suppliers, Italy. 15. Yemen (Civil war, North vs. South) ...... 50.6 ...... 1991 1/0 9 Former Soviet Union, China. 16. Iran (Govt. vs. Kurdish separatists, Mujahaddin guerillas) ...... Covert sales, value undisclosed 10 ...... NA NA/0 Russia, China, European suppliers. Sub-Saharan Africa: 17. Mauritania (Govt. vs. black minority) ...... 1.5 ...... 1992 <1/0 Former Soviet Union. 18. Mali (Govt. vs. Tuareg ethnic group) ...... 2 ...... 1993 <1/0 Former Soviet Union, Middle Eastern sources. 19. Chad (Ongoing civil war between Anakaza and Bideyet ethnic groups) ...... 50.3 ...... 1993 27/25 France. 20. Somalia (Multi-sided clan warfare) ...... 109.3 ...... 1991 44/100 Italy. 21. Senegal (Govt. vs. Diola tribe) ...... 13.6 ...... 1993 11/100 France, other European suppliers. 22. Liberia (Govt. & West African peacekeeping forces vs. rebels led by Col. 33.4 ...... 1990 40/0 Former Warsaw Pact, Middle Eastern sources. Charles Taylor). 23. Togo (Govt. vs. opposition forces, including members of Ewe tribe) ...... 1.9 ...... 1993 <1/0 Latin American sources. 24. Nigeria (Military-dominated govt. vs. pro-democracy forces; Hausa vs. Yoruba 82.4 ...... 1993 9/2 Italy, Czechoslovakia, Former Soviet Union, ethnic conflict). France. 25. Uganda (Govt. vs. rebels based in Northern Uganda) ...... 10.6 ...... 1993 5/100 Former Soviet Union, Italy. 26. Rwanda (Hutu-dominated govt. vs. Tutsi minority; govt. overthrown by 1.4 ...... 1993 <5/0 China, France, Egypt, Uganda, South Africa. Rwandan Patriotic Front in 1994). 27. Burundi (Ethnic conflicts between Hutu & Tutsi ethnic groups) ...... 6 ...... 1993 <1/0 Former Soviet Union. 28. Kenya (Ethnic conflicts in Rift Valley region sparked by supporters of Presi- 100.2 ...... 1993 25/100 U.K., France. dent Moi). 29. Zaire (Multiple rebellions vs. regime of President Mobutu) ...... 55.9 ...... 11 1990 17/0 China, France. 30. Angola (Govt. vs. UNITA rebels) ...... 250–300 ...... NA NA/0 Former Soviet Union (to Angolan govt.). 31. South Africa (Govt. & Inkatha Party supporters vs. ANC, through mid- 8.3 13 ...... 1988 NA/NA See 13. 1993; radical white ultra-nationalists vs. ANC govt.). Asia: 32. Tajikistan (Govt. vs. Islamic opposition) ...... Rebels have rec’vd U.S. weapons that were NA NA/0 NA. originally supplied to Afghan rebels by the CIA 14. 33. Afghanistan (Civil war among competing ethnic factions) ...... $2B in covert military assistance provided by 1991 NA/0 Former Soviet Union, Saudi Arabia (financier). U.S. to Afghan rebel factions, 1980–1991. 34. Pakistan (Govt. vs. secessionist movements in Sindh and NW Frontier Prov- 1,801.7 ...... 1993 44/3 China. ince; conflict with India over Kashmir). 35. India (Govt. vs. secessionist forces in Kashmir; govt. vs. Sikh militants in 316.6 ...... 1993 1/0 Russia, U.K., West European suppliers. Punjab; govt. vs. secessionists in Assam; Hindu-Muslim conflict in state of Uttar Pradesh). 36. Bhutan (Govt. vs. ethnic Nepalese rebels) ...... 0.2 ...... 1992 <1/0 NA. 37. Sri Lanka (Govt. vs. Tamil insurgents; Sinhalese militants) ...... 8.6 ...... 1993 7/0 China. 38. Bangladesh (Govt. vs. Chittagong Hill People’s Coordination Association) . 16.7 ...... 1993 4/5 Former Soviet Union, China. 39. Myanmar (Burma) (Govt. vs. Karen separatists, Islamic opposition) ...... 6.2 ...... 1989 1/0 China. 40. China (Govt. vs. Tibetan independence movement; govt. vs. Muslim seces- 423.9 15 ...... 1993 8/1 Russia. sionists in Xinjiang province). H 5516 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE May 24, 1995 APPENDIX A: U.S. ARMS DELIVERIES TO AREAS OF CONFLICT, 1984–1993—Continued

Last year U.S. Arms de- Percent of imports pro- Region/Conflict (Major conflicts in bold) 1 U.S. deliveries, 1984–1993 ($ millions) 2 vided by U.S. 1987–91/ Other suppliers 5 livered 3 1991–93 4

41. Philippines (Govt. vs. New People’s Army) ...... 619.3 ...... 1993 93/75 Italy. 42. Cambodia (Govt. vs. Khmer Rouge) ...... Covert assistance to rebel factions during NA NA/0 Former Soviet Union, China. 1980’s; reports of U.S.-supplied Thai army transferring weaponry to Khmer Rouge 16. 43. Indonesia (Govt. vs. independence forces in East Timor; govt. vs. separat- 583.3 ...... 1993 38/33 Germany, Netherlands, U.K., other European ist movement in Northern Sumatra). suppliers. 44. Papua New Guinea (Govt. independence movement on Bougainville island) .... None ...... Former Soviet Union. Latin America: 45. Guatemala (Govt. vs. Guatemala National Revolutionary Unity) ...... 35.8 ...... 17 1993 86/0 Israel. 46. Haiti (Govt. and paramilitary forces vs. democracy movement, through mid- 2.6 18 ...... 1992 19 >25/0 Latin American sources. 1994; new govt. and UN forces vs. paramilitary groups 1994 on). 47. Colombia (Govt. vs. Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia; govt. vs. Na- 647 ...... 1993 28/19 Brazil. tional Liberation Army). 48. Peru (Govt. vs. Shining Path guerrillas; govt. vs. Tupac Amaru revolutionary 136 ...... 21 1993 6/8 France, Former Soviet Union. movement). 49. Brazil (Govt. vs. indigenous peoples of Amazon region) ...... 528.8 ...... 1993 35/40 Germany, France. 50. Mexico (Govt. vs. rebel movement in Chiapas) ...... 301.2 ...... 1993 77/64 1 This table reviews U.S. arms transfers to a list of fifty significant ethnic and territorial conflicts that were under way during 1993 or 1994. The informed reader will note that some of the conflicts listed here have since been resolved and/or reduced in intensity (for example, in South Africa and Angola), while other, new conflicts are not covered (such as the January/February 1995 Peru-Ecuador border war). For an explanation of how the list of conflicts was arrived at and the sources used in making that determination, see footnote 2 in the text, above. Countries listed in bold print represent major conflicts that have resulted in 1,000 or more battle-related deaths since the outbreak of the war. 2 Unless otherwise noted, figures in this column are based on U.S. deliveries under the Pentagon’s Foreign Military Sales (FMS) program and the commercial arms sales program (which involves items on the U.S. Munitions List and re- quires a license from the State Department); the source of the data is U.S. Department of Defense, Defense Security Assistance Agency, ‘‘Foreign Military Sales, Foreign Military Construction Sales, and Military Assistance Facts as of Sep- tember 30, 1993’’ (Washington, DC: DSAA, 1994). One of the main limitations of this data source (a limitation common to all other major compilations of data on the arms trade) is that it does not include covert arms sales or sales to non-government recipients such as militias, guerrilla movements, and rebel organizations that are major players in the majority of today’s ethnic and civil conflicts. 3 The figures on the last year U.S. arms were delivered is based on data on deliveries under the FMS and commercial sales programs in ‘‘Foreign Military Sales . . . Facts,’’ op. cit. In many cases commercial arms sales are allowed to continue even after the U.S. government has cut off military aid and/or sales under the Pentagon’s Foreign Military Sales programs. 4 Data on the percentage of a nation’s imports provided by the United States is drawn from United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, ‘‘World Military Expenditures and Arms Transfers,’’ 1991–92 and 1993–94 editions (Washington, DC: U.S. GPO, 1994 and 1995), Table III. The column on % of deliveries provided by the U.S. is divided into two time segments (1987–91 and 1991–93) separated by a slash. The one year overlap (1991 is covered in both series) is a function of ACDA reports the data in its 1991–92 and 1993–94 reports. The ACDA data are not directly comparable to the data on deliveries listed in column 2, because they cover a different range of equipment. The Penta- gon’s delivery figures include items considered to be weapons by virtue of their inclusion on the U.S. Munitions List. The Arms Control and Disarmament Agency (ACDA) report uses a broader definition that includes ‘‘weapons of war, parts thereof, ammunition, support equipment and other commodities designed for military use . . . Dual use equipment, which can have application in both military and civilian sectors, is included when its primary mission is identified as military.’’ Dual use equipment is by definition ‘‘not’’ included in the Pentagon’s figures on deliveries under the FMS and CS programs. The time lag between the currency of the data on U.S. deliveries listed in column 2 and the ACDA data on the U.S. proportion of deliveries to each of the governments involved is a function of the slower schedule for the release of the ACDA data, which is no doubt in part a function of the greater difficulty of compiling information on arms deliveries and purchases by every nation in the world. As noted in note 2, above, the percentages listed here represent the proportion of weapons imported by the governments involved in each conflict that came from U.S. sources; there are no comparably reliable figures on supplies to non-state actors such as rebel movements and private militias. Listings of 0%* are marked with an asterisk to denote the fact that according to ACDA’s figures the country in question re- ceived no arms imports from any governmental source during the period covered—this does not mean that there were no weapons deliveries at all, but rather that there are no known deliveries by governments (i.e., weapons may have flowed through covert or private channels). 5 Unless otherwise noted, identifications of other major suppliers are drawn from two sources: U.S. ACDA, ‘‘World Military Expenditures and Arms Transfers,’’ Table III, op. cit., and Ian Anthony, Paul Claesson, Elisabeth Skons, and Siemon T. Wezeman, ‘‘Arms Production and Arms Trade,’’ in ‘‘SIPRI Yearbook 1993: World Armaments and Disarmament’’ (New York: Oxford University Press, 1994), Table 10B.3. Countries listed as other suppliers provided approximately 10% or more of a recipient government’s imported weaponry in the most recent multi-year period covered by one or both of these sources. Since the periods covered begin before the breakup of the Soviet Union, all transfers involving con- stituent states of the former Soviet Union are identified as ‘‘former Soviet Union.’’ In the case of ongoing arms transfer relationships, Russia is by far the most active arms exporting nation amongst the former Soviet Republics, although its total deliveries in recent years have been only a fraction of the levels achieved by the Soviet Union during the 1970s and 1980s. 6 Since the main data source for this table only goes up through 1993, an indication that the last U.S. delivery was in 1993 does ‘‘not’’ mean that U.S. arms shipments have been halted, but rather that as of the end of 1993 the na- tion in question was an active, ongoing weapons client of the United States. 7 Human rights monitors have reported war-related deaths in Russia’s intervention in Chechnya at levels as high as 20,000 to 25,000; although some observers have argued that these figures are an overstatement, there seems to be no question that this qualifies as a major conflict (based on a standard of 1,000 or more battle-related deaths). 8 This figure for U.S. arms deliveries to Iraq does not include the $500 million in dual use items shipped to Iraq from the United States between 1985 and 1990, nor does it encompass covert shipments or sales of U.S. equipment via third parties. For a summary of these U.S. contributions to the Iraqi war machine, see the discussion of Iraq in section IV of the text, above. 9 U.S. arms supplies to North Yemen from as early as 1978–79 made their way into the government arsenal of the combined state of Yemen formed by the merger of North and South Yemen; these shipments are not reflected in this table. For further discussion of this point, see section III, above. 10 According to the final report of Iran/Contra special prosecutor Lawrence Walsh, the Oliver North/Richard Secord ‘‘enterprise’’ that ran the Iran/Contra arms operations for the Reagan Administration took in over $47 million and deliv- ered substantial quantities of military equipment to Iran, including over 1,000 TOW anti-tank missiles; on this point, see Lawrence E. Walsh, ‘‘Final Report of the Independent Counsel for Iran/Contra Matters, Volume I: Investigations and Prosecutions’’ (Washington, DC: Office of the Independent Counsel, August 4, 1993). In addition, according to a 1986 report in ‘‘Aviation Week and Space Technology,’’ (Paul Mann and James K. Gordon, ‘‘Iran Secures Operational Gains from U.S.-backed Military Aid,’’ ‘‘AW&ST,’’ November 17, 1986), a Reagan Administration official involved in Middle East affairs asserted that ‘‘at U.S. instigation Iranians bought critical radar and landing gear components that at times . . . enabled Iran to double the number of sorties flown by its McDonnell Douglas F–4 aircraft against Iraq.’’ 11 For many years Zaire served as a conduit for U.S. covert arms supplies to rebel forces fighting against the Angolan government. It is not known precisely how much of this U.S. assistance may have been siphoned off to bolster the military forces of the Mobutu regime in Zaire. For a discussion of the role of Zaire in the Angolan arms pipeline, see Lucy Mathiak, ‘‘Light Weapons and Internal Conflict in Angola,’’ in Boutwell, Klare, and Reed, editors, ‘‘Lethal Com- merce,’’ op. cit., pp. 89–90. 12 The range of values cited for U.S. covert arms shipments to Angola in the 1980s is based on Human Rights Watch Arms Project, ‘‘Angola; Trade and Violations of the Laws of War Since the 1992 Elections,’’ op. cit., p. 47 (for the $250 million estimate); and Mathiak, op. cit., p. 89 (for the $300 million estimate). 13 This figure does includes only officially sanctioned exports licensed by the U.S. government. There is considerable anecdotal evidence to indicate that a number of U.S.-based firms made shipments of weaponry and weapons compo- nents to South Africa during the 1970s and 1980s in violation of the United Nations arms embargo on the apartheid regime. 14 On this point see Katzman, op. cit., ‘‘Afghanistan: U.S. Policy Options,’’ note 28 in the text. 15 U.S. arms deliveries to China were suspended by the Bush Administration in response to the 1989 Tiananmen Square massacre, but the Clinton Administration has been flirting with the idea of reopening military exports to China, be- ginning with dual use items. 16 There have been recent reports to indicate that the flow of weapons to the Khmer Rouge from Thailand and China has been cut off, starting some time in 1994 (cite new Human Rights Watch report). 17 Although U.S. military aid and commercial arms sales to Guatemala were cut off in December of 1990 because of the Guatemalan government’s record of human rights abuses, modest commercial deliveries continued through 1993, as did military-related aid under the ‘‘international narcotics control’’ segment of U.S. security assistance. See ‘‘Human Rights Watch World Report 1993,’’ op. cit., p. 117–118. 18 Deliveries to Haiti listed here exclude $500,000 to $1 million per year in covert military aid supplied to Haitian military and intelligence forces between 1986 and 1991. 19 This figure takes into account the provision of $3 to $6 million in military-related assistance justified as anti-narcotics aid (see note 18).

Dear Code of Conduct Supporter: [From the Christian Science Monitor, May last election cycle. The Clinton administra- I would like to thank those who voted for 23, 1995] tion also weighed in heavily against the the ‘‘Code of Conduct’’ during the markup of IT’S TIME THE U.S. STOPPED ‘‘BOOMERANG’’ amendment, with Assistant Secretary of HR 1561 on May 11. The close vote (18–17) and ARMS SALES—AN AMENDMENT TO FOREIGN State Wendy Sherman appearing before the the 101 cosponsors demonstrate the commit- AID BILL WOULD BAN WEAPONS FOR DIC- committee and distributing a letter ‘‘firmly opposing’’ passage of the code while support- ment and support for the ‘‘Code.’’ It is one of TATORS ing its principles. the most important reforms of the arms ex- (By Cynthia McKinney and Caleb Rossiter) Congress is getting involved in arms re- port process in two decades. A defining moment in post-cold-war for- straint for the simple reason that successive I will be offering the ‘‘Code’’ as a floor eign policy will come today when the House administrations have failed to show leader- amendment to HR 1561 on May 24. I urge of Representatives takes up the ‘‘Code of ship. In 1993, the administration approved a your support as we move this legislation for- Conduct’’ amendment to the foreign aid bill. record $12.9 billion in arms sales to develop- ward. The Code of Conduct would ban US arms ing countries, three times the sales to all sales to dictators, human rights abusers, and Let’s end the ‘‘Boomerang Effect’’ on our other countries combined. More than 90 per- governments not participating in the United cent of those weapons went to dictators. armed forces and take a serious step toward Nations arms trade register. underscoring America’s leadership role in Then in February, 1995, the president issued On May 11, the code was narrowly defeated a directive that, for the first time, makes the new world order and ending our role as in the House International Relations Com- the world’s number one gun dealer. corporations’ financial health a factor in mittee by an 18-to-17 vote after a heated de- arms sales decisions. We must live up to our claim to protect bate. The vote on the House floor will be the As the Pentagon buys less, arms-makers human rights, foster democracies and pro- first time in 19 years that Congress debates pressure the government to keep production mote peace and stability. The arms sales of which countries should be permitted to re- lines open by approving strategically ques- today are the ‘‘Boomerangs’’ of tomorrow. ceive our weaponry. tionable sales abroad. In fact, arms sales to Vote for the ‘‘Code of Conduct’’ Amendment The code’s surprisingly strong showing developing countries have doubled since the and end our role as the client for tyrants! came despite the opposition of the Aerospace fall of the Berlin Wall. Sincerely, Industries Association, which represents The arms industry claims that the increase CYNTHIA MCKINNEY, arms-exporters whose political-action com- in sales saves jobs. As defense industry prof- Member of Congress. mittees gave $7.5 million to candidates in the its and CEO salaries rise, however, layoffs of May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H 5517 line workers have increased almost in direct the Congressional Human Rights Caucus you Once again, I urge you to support Rep. relation. Even worse for the American econ- are in a strategic position to help stem the McKinney’s Code of Conduct amendment in omy, one-third of all sales are paid for by the flow of U.S. weapons to countries who vio- the International Relations Committee. taxpayer through foreign aid. ‘‘Offset’’ agree- late the human rights of its citizens. The Sincerely, ments that help purchasing countries co- ‘‘Code of Conduct on Arms Transfers Act’’ ELIOT L. ENGEL, produce weapons and sell commercial prod- sponsored by Representative Cynthia McKin- Member of Congress. ucts in America displace as many workers as ney (D–GA), will be presented to the HIRC as the arms sales save. an amendment to ‘‘Division C’’ of the For- DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL DEVELOP- Hence, we are giving bullies bigger sticks, eign Aid Reorganization bill (H.R. 1561) as MENT AND WORLD PEACE, even though in the past they have used them early as tomorrow. I urge you to vote in Washington, DC, May 10, 1995. against their own people and the United favor of this provision. Hon. BENJAMIN A. GILMAN, States. We have already seen this ‘‘boomer- As an ally in exposing and stemming Chairman, International Relations Committee, ang effect’’ from past sales to armed forces human rights violations, you recognize the Washington, DC. that oppressed their citizens. In the last four importance of governments accepting ac- DEAR CHAIRMAN GILMAN: I write to express overseas US engagements—Panama, Iraq, countability. Under this legislation, recipi- our concerns about H.R. 1561. I enclose a let- Somalia, and Haiti—our troops faced the ents of U.S. weapons and security assistance ter, which the U.S. Catholic Conference has very weapons we sold to those dictators who would have to vigorously investigate, dis- co-signed, which opposes proposals to cut were once our friends. In Somalia, we spent cipline, and prosecute those responsible for drastically development assistance and U.N. $2 billion and two dozen American lives try- violations, as well as take other positive peacekeeping, and questions the wisdom of ing to clean up the mess that flowed from measures to combat gross violation of inter- restructuring that could weaken develop- our $200 million in arms sales. nationally recognized rights. ment and human rights programs. Who among today’s favored customers are The enclosed letter does not address our tomorrow’s Somalias and Iraqs? The Code of Conduct would require the strong support for continued U.S. funding for If the House passes the Code of Conduct, President to make an annual certification of overseas assistance and protection for refu- maybe we will not have to find out. Until countries eligible to receive U.S. weapons. gees, the main provisions for which are con- then, arms transfer policy will be business as Arms would be prevented from going to tained in a separate State Department Au- usual—big business as usual. countries that are undemocratic, violators of thorization Bill, H.R. 1564. It is our under- Cynthia McKinney (D) of Georgia is the pri- human rights, engaged in armed aggression, standing that the International Relations mary House sponsor of the McKinney/Hatfield not full participants in the U.N. Register of Committee plans to vote on consolidated Code of Conduct Bill. Caleb Rossiter is the Conventional Arms. If a country does not H.R. 1561, which incorporates these other former deputy director of the Congressional meet the criteria, transfers can still be made provisions, rather than allowing them to be Arms Control and Foreign Policy Caucus. if it is found to be in the interest of U.S. na- considered separately. We regret this deci- tional security. sion as it leaves us in the uncomfortable po- HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, COM- Amnesty International continues to inves- sition of opposing a consolidated bill that, in MITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL RELA- tigate countries known to have committed our view, is still fundamentally flawed but TIONS, human rights violations and their receipt of which contains provisions we would whole- Washington, DC, May 10, 1995. U.S. security assistance. The Code of Con- heartedly endorse were they to be considered DEAR COLLEAGUE: During the full Inter- national Relations Committee mark-up of duct offers another avenue to make violators on their own merits. the foreign aid authorization, my colleague of human rights accountable for their ac- In addition to these concerns, I would like on the Committee, Cynthia McKinney, will tions. We urge your support on this impor- to raise two additional matters related to be offering as an amendment her ‘‘Code of tant legislation. this legislation. First, I encourage you to Conduct on Arms Transfers’’ bill (H.R. 772). I Sincerely, support the Code of Conduct on Arms Trans- urge your support for this important reform JAMES O’DEA, fers, an amendment that will be offered to of the arms sales process. Director, Washington Office. H.R. 1561. In his recent encyclical, The Gos- The amendment establishes a Code of Con- pel of Life, Pope John Paul II condemned the arms trade as ‘‘scandalous.’’ That weapons of duct for recipients of U.S. military exports HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, war are bought and sold almost as if they and training. The President would decide Washington, DC, May 9, 1995. were simply another commodity like appli- which countries meet the specific language Dear International Relations Committee mem- ances or industrial machinery is a serious of the four criteria: promotes democracy, ber: protects human rights, not engaged in ag- moral disorder in today’s world. The pre- As you may be aware, our colleague, Rep. gression, and participates in the U.N. arms dominant role of our country in sustaining Cynthia McKinney, will offer an amendment trade register. Countries not meeting the and even promoting the arms trade, some- to attach the Code of Conduct for inter- criteria would require a waiver agreed to by times for economic reasons, is a moral chal- national arms sales to the Foreign Aid bill both the President and Congress. lenge for our nation. The foreign aid cuts in At present, the decision on whether a later this week. It is my hope that you will H.R. 1561 are another example of our coun- country should be eligible to receive U.S. join Rep. McKinney, myself, and almost 100 try’s increasing reluctance to share its eco- weapons is made by the executive branch of our colleagues in supporting this timely nomic resources in support of sustainable alone. The Code of Conduct is really a con- and reasonable legislation. economic development, while we remain the gressional responsibility act that restores Often times, international terrorists ac- dominant supplier of weapons to the develop- the balance that existed in the original Arms quire U.S.-supplied weapons through pro- ing world. Export Control Act before a Supreme Court American dictators, aggressors, and human The Code of Conduct is important for two decision on an unrelated case invalidated its rights abusers. A prime example of this was reasons. It imposes appropriate conditions review procedures. the supplying of Afghani rebels through for arms transfers: respect for democracy Arms transfers to undemocratic countries Pakistan and Saudi Arabia. Moreover, the and human rights, non-aggression, and par- have been the Achilles heel of U.S. foreign arms we supplied to the Shah of Iran eventu- ticipation in the U.N. Register of Conven- policy. Many times we have spent scarce for- ally ended up in the hands of Khomeini and tional Arms. And it would bring greater eign aid cleaning up after conflicts fueled by his global terror network. We must stop the openness and public accountability to deci- our own arms transfers; many times we have boomerang effect which ends up placing U.S. sions to transfer arms by forcing these deci- seen our own troops face weapons we sold to troops, and even U.S. civilians, at the risk of sions to be more openly debated in Congress. once-friendly dictators. This bill creates a being attacked by our own weapons. The Code could thereby improve prospects presumption against such transfers while that the United States would more strictly The guiding principle of the Code is that providing a channel for a joint decision to enforce and strengthen controls on arms U.S. arms should not be provided to coun- approve them if national security requires. transfers and would reduce substantially its tries that are undemocratic, violate human I have attached for your review a descrip- role in this deadly trade. rights, or are engaged in acts of aggression. tion of the bill, which includes answers to Third, we are concerned about proposals to However, the United States currently pro- questions about it. Thank you for your con- absorb the Arms Control and Disarmament vides 73 percent of all arms to the third sideration of the McKinney amendment. Agency (ACDA) into the State Department. world, many of which have not yet held a Sincerely, While we do not normally comment on mat- free and fair election or do not adhere to HOWARD L. BERMAN, ters of government reorganization, we are internationally accepted standards of human Member of Congress. concerned that placing ACDA within the rights. State Department will reduce the promi- AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL, USA, Congress owes it to the American people to nence of critical arms control and disar- Washington, DC, May 10, 1995. play a stronger role in reaching decisions mament issues at a time when they are al- Dear Member of the House International Rela- over the transfer and sale of weapons to ready receiving less attention than they tions Committee: rogue nations. While the Code is not a ban on have in the past. There is an urgent need to As a member of both the House Inter- arms sales, it will increase congressional implement existing arms control agree- national Relations Committee (HIRC) and oversight and public scrutiny of arms sales. ments, to move toward deeper reductions in H 5518 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE May 24, 1995 nuclear weapons, to stem nuclear prolifera- acting laws, not by taking such partial steps Furthermore, in a time of tough budgetary tion, and to control conventional weapons, as passing one-House resolutions. As a re- decisions, continuing to spend billions of dol- such as landmines. Maintaining ACDA’s sult, for the past 12 years, Congress could lars each year in foreign aid to support arms independent voice in foreign policy making only block a sale by passing a resolution in transfers flies in the face of budget cutting is more likely to ensure that this important both Houses and enacting it over a presi- measures. Reducing arms transfers would be arms control agenda receives the attention dential veto, all within 30 days. In terms of a prudent way to cut federal spending while it needs. time alone, this is nearly impossible. Con- contributing to our national defense by Thank you for considering these various gress has never enacted such a resolution, keeping advanced weapons out of the hands concerns about the legislation currently be- and rarely even takes up a resolution oppos- of future potential adversaries. fore the International Relations Committee. ing an arms transfer, because there is no As the world’s leading arms supplier, the Sincerely, meaningful chance to succeed. U.S. must demonstrate restraint and inter- DREW CHRISTIANSEN, The Code of Conduct legislation would re- national leadership regarding weapons sales Director, Office of International Justice & store Congress to its earlier role as an equal to undemocratic nations. The Code of Con- Peace. partner in arms transfer decisions, by requir- duct provides the President and Congress an ing congressional approval for sales to coun- opportunity to take the first step to reduce HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, tries not meeting the Code’s standards. the potential for conflict and to prevent Washington, DC, May 8, 1995. Under the Code legislation, the President harm being done to lives and livelihoods. We Dear House International Relations Commit- would certify countries for eligibility each urge you to contact Representative McKin- tee Member: The ‘‘Code of Conduct Arms year. The President could request a one-year ney’s office to be listed as a co-sponsor of the Transfer Act,’’ restricts arms exports to waiver for a country not meeting the Code’s Code and to vote in favor of this amendment countries that are undemocratic, do not standards (for democracy, human rights, ag- when it comes before the full committee abide by basic international human rights gression, and the U.N. arms trade register). later this week. standard, and are engaged in acts of armed Both Houses of Congress would have to ap- Sincerely, aggression. prove the waiver, either by enacting a for- John Isaacs, President, Council For a Today—given the new world order—it is in eign aid bill containing the waivers, or by Livable World; Howard Hallman, Direc- the best interest of the United States to en- enacting a separate law. The Congressional tor, Methodists United for Peace With courage the development of stable, demo- Research Service has studied the Code of Justice; Peter J. Davies, U.S. Rep- cratic, and economically viable allies that Conduct process, and declared it constitu- resentative, Saferworld; Steve Goose, respect the fundamental human rights of its tional. Program Director-Arms Project, citizens. CALEB ROSSITER, Human Rights Watch; Deborah Walden, While there are current restrictions on ex- Director. Director of Policy and Programs, Wom- ports of U.S. arms to countries that dem- en’s Action For New Directions; Edith onstrate a ‘‘gross and consistent’’ pattern of MAY 9, 1995. Villastrigo, National Legislative Direc- human rights abuses, these restrictions are DEAR MEMBER OF THE HOUSE INTER- tor, Women Strike for Peace; Tim seldom enforced. In fiscal year 1994, the NATIONAL RELATIONS COMMITTEE: The under- McElwee, Director, Church of the State Departments’ annual ‘‘Country Re- signed arms control, development, religious, Brethren; John B. Anderson, President, ports on Human Rights Practices,’’ showed human rights and veterans organizations are World Federalist Association; Robin that the U.S. sold weapons to at least four writing to voice support for the ‘‘Code of Caiola, Co-Director, 20/20 Vision; James nations that had significant human rights Conduct on Arms Transfers’’ bill sponsored Matlack, Director-Washington Office, abuses. These four nations purchased $6.2 bil- by Representative Cynthia McKinney (D-GA) American Friends Service Committee; lion in arms—nearly half of the total $12.9 and close to 100 other members. A full com- Lora Lumpe, Director-Arms Sales Mon- billion sold. Additionally, $2 billion in U.S. mittee vote on the Code, as an amendment itoring Project, Federation of Amer- grant money or subsidized U.S. loans to to the Foreign Aid bill, is expected this ican Scientists; Joe Volk, Executive these nations was used to purchase arms. week. We urge you to vote in favor of this Secretary, Friends Committee on Na- It is time for Congress to become more pro- provision. tional Legislation; Caleb Rossiter, Di- active in protecting international human The Code of Conduct would require the rector, Project on Demilitarization and rights. We need to end arms exports to those President to make an annual certification of Democracy; Monica Green, Executive nations that fail to respect the dignity and which countries are eligible, under four cri- Director, Peace Action; Mark B. fundamental well-being of their citizens. teria, to receive U.S. weapons. To be eligible Brown, Acting Director-Lutheran Of- Your vote on May 11 for the Code of Con- to receive U.S. weaponry a country cannot: fice for Governmental Affairs, Evan- duct is a vote for the protection of basic grossly abuse human rights; deny democratic gelical Lutheran Church in America; human rights. rights; or attack a neighbor or its own peo- Vice Admiral John Shanahan, Direc- Sincerely yours, ple. Also, countries must participate in the tor, Center for Defense Information; DONALD M. PAYNE, U.N. Register of Conventional Arms to be el- Maurice Paprin, President, Fund for Member of Congress. igible. By creating these criteria weapons New Priorities in America; Darryl will be kept from countries that are bad Fagin, Legislative Director, Americans PROJECT ON DEMILITARIZATION AND risks and, it is hoped, the Code will induce for Democratic Action; Jerry Genesio, DEMOCRACY undemocratic and aggressor nations to im- Chairman/Executive Director, Veterans Washington, DC, May 5, 1995. prove their current practices. for Peace; Greg Bischak, Executive Di- THE MCKINNEY-HATFIELD CODE OF CONDUCT This bill is neither a ban nor a moratorium rector, National Commission for Eco- ON ARMS TRADE: RESTORING THE CONGRES- on arms sales. If, for national security rea- nomic Conversion and Disarmament. SIONAL ROLE IN THE ARMS TRANSFER PROC- sons, the President wants to sell weapons to ESS countries that are not certified, a majority MAY 8, 1995. This is the first major reform of the arms of Congress must vote to approve the arms COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS, export process in two decades. Prior to en- transfer. Under the current system, Congress House of Representatives, Washington, DC. actment of the Arms Export Control Act in can only vote to stop an arms sale. Under the DEAR MEMBER: The officers, directors and 1976, there were virtually no restrictions on Code of Conduct Congress can, after careful members of Veterans for Peace urge you to the executive branch’s arms transfers. Con- scrutiny, determine which countries are support passage of the McKinney-Hatfield gress, led by Sen. Hubert Humphrey, enacted vital to U.S. security interests and should Code of Conduct on Arms Trade (H.R. 772). the Arms Export Control Act in response to therefore be eligible to receive arms. The We understand the bill may be offered as an record transfers of arms by Secretary of Code also underscores Congress’ Constitu- amendment to the Foreign Aid Authoriza- State Henry Kissinger. The Shah of Iran and tional power to regulate trade with foreign tion bill later this week. President Marcos of the Philippines were nations. Veterans for Peace (VFP) is a national among the leading recipients. Today’s record History has shown that sometimes Amer- membership organization of U.S. military U.S. transfers to undemocratic and unstable ican weapons last longer than U.S. friend- veterans, including decorated veterans of governments similarly threaten our inter- ships with foreign governments. In Panama, both World Wars, the Korean and Vietnam ests in democracy and development abroad. Somalia and Haiti, U.S. troops faced forces Wars, and many other conflicts and skir- The Arms Export Control Act originally that has been equipped with American weap- mishes. Our members include retired officers gave Congress a major role in reviewing pro- ons. The Code of Conduct is an attempt to and enlisted men, some of whom served posed arms transfers, but the Supreme reduce the likelihood that the men and twenty or more years. Many are graduates of Court’s decision in the unrelated ‘‘Chadha’’ women of the armed forces will be affected military academies, a number are former case in 1983 eliminated that role. The AECA by this ‘‘boomerang effect’’ of the arms POWs. One, a pilot during the Vietnam War, gave each House of Congress the ability to trade. Only by closely examining the cir- languished in the Hanoi Hilton for eight block a proposed transfer by passing a reso- cumstances surrounding a pending arms sale years. Two are recipients of the Congres- lution. The Supreme Court ruled such ‘‘one- can Congress hope to minimize the chance of sional Medal of Honor, dozens received Silver House vetoes’’ unconstitutional, declaring an American soldier being injured by an and Bronze Stars for valor, and hundreds that Congress can only change policy by en- American weapon. were awarded the Purple Heart for combat May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H 5519

wounds. The work of VFP is primarily edu- primary post-war security challenge as indi- FRIENDS COMMITTEE ON cational: to raise awareness of the great cated by the Pentagon’s own Bottom-Up Re- NATIONAL LEGISLATION, costs of preparing for war and of war itself in view and National Military Strategy. These May 10, 1995. comparison to the alternatives of inter- are the same types of conflicts U.S. forces House International Relations Committee, national behavior. are most likely to be deployed to in the fu- U.S. House of Representatives Washington, DC The Code of Conduct legislation should ture. DEAR REPRESENTATIVE: Does the United have universal support, if for no other reason States need a Code of Conduct on Arms Parties to 45 current conflicts have taken than the increasing phenomenon of U.S.- Trade? Who answers Yes to that question? delivery of over $42 billion worth of US weap- made arms returning to threaten our own Vietnam Veterans of America Foundation; ons in the past decade. U.S. forces. There are other reasons to sup- Amnesty International; Human Rights port the bill. For example, it would substan- Out of the fifty significant ethnic and ter- Watch; Lutheran Office for Governmental tially help: ritorial conflicts going on during 1993–94, 90% Affairs; Maryknoll Justice & Peace Office; Keep arms from dictators and countries (45 out of 50) of them involved one or more Federation of American Scientists; Bread for using weapons in aggression against neigh- parties that had received some US weapons the World; Committee for National Security. bors or even their own people; or military technology in the period leading Institute for Food & Development (Food Restore needed Congressional power and up to the conflict. First); United Methodist Church, General responsibility in the area of arms trade and Board of Church & Society, Peace with Jus- In more than half of the fifty current con- control; tice Program; American Baptist Churches, flicts (26 out of the 50), the United States has Protect the U.S. jobs currently being de- USA; Center for Defense Information; Physi- been a significant arms supplier, accounting stroyed by the application of so-called ‘‘off- cians for Social Responsibility. for at least 5% of the weapons delivered to set’’ agreements, by which defense contrac- More than 250 other national and regional one party to the dispute over a five year pe- organizations have endorsed the principles tors promote foreign goods in order to secure riod. for a Code of Conduct on Arms trade. arms sales. Humanitarisn aid, human rights, arms con- Thank you for your consideration of these Areas where U.S. weapons are most likely trol, economic development, women’s reli- important issues, and, hopefully, for your to be utilized in current or future conflicts gious, and veterans’ agendas, all would bene- include southern Europe; the Middle East support of H.R. 772. fit from a Code of Conduct on Arms Trade. Sincerely yours, and North Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; That is why the Code is popular with a grow- JERRY GENESIO Southwest and Southeast Asia; and Central ing grassroots movement for nonprolifera- Chairman and Executive Director and Latin America. tion of conventional weapons. (USMC/1956–62). This data raises serious questions about The Friends Committee on National Legis- the claim that US weapons are only used for lation urges you to vote for the Code of Con- CENTER FOR DEFENSE INFORMATION, defensive purposes. As a weapons supplier to duct on Arms Trade when the House Inter- May 8, 1995. fully 90% of the areas where wars are now national Relations Committee considers the THE MCKINNEY-HATFIELD CODE OF CONDUCT going on and a major supplier to more than amendment by Representative McKinney on ON ARMS TRADE: ENSURING THE SAFETY OF one-third of these areas, it is clear that the the Foreign Aid Authorization bill. U.S. MILITARY FORCES US is bolstering the warfighting capabilities Sincerely, The Clinton Administration’s recent arms of a substantial number of the parties to the JOE VOLK. sales policy states that the impact on de- world’s current conflicts. It does not take a fense jobs must be taken into account when stroke of genius to realize that these capa- BRITISH AMERICAN SECURITY exports are considered. One wishes that the bilities can just as easily be used against INFORMATION COUNCIL. same consideration was extended to the im- U.S. soldiers, sailors, and airmen. It is a sad To: Members of the House International Re- pact on the lives and wellbeing of American irony that the current U.S. arms trade pol- lations Committee. From: Bronwyn Brady and Susannah Dyer, service personnel. The current laissez-faire icy confirms the words of cartoonist Walt BASIC. status quo in the international arms trade, Kelly’s character Pogo when he said, ‘‘We Re: Arms Transfer Amendment to Foreign where increasingly any conventional weap- have met the enemy and he is us.’’ ons sale is deemed permissible as long as it Aid Bill. purports to make a profit for its manufac- Date: 10 May 1995. It has come to our attention that the Com- turer, is creating a self-generated danger— CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES, mittee is scheduled to vote on the Code of the possibility that our service men and HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, Conduct on Arms Transfers as an amend- women will someday be fighting nations or Washington, DC, May 8, 1995. ment to the Foreign Aid Bill. Your consider- groups who obtained U.S. weapons and tech- DEAR COLLEAGUE: The House International ation of this legislation coincides with a par- nology. Relations Committee will mark up HR 1561, allel initiative being pursued in the Euro- Many of our former current and arms cus- the Foreign Aid and Reorganization Bill this pean Union. tomers—Panama, Iran, Iraq, Israel, numer- week. I will offer HR 772, the Code of Con- Congress now has the opportunity to join ous Arab countries, Taiwan, South Korea, duct Arms Transfer Act as an amendment to its partners in the European Union as they Pakistan, and India are in highly volatile Title 31 of Division C. The ‘‘Code’’ now has 99 seek to implement similar controls. Accord- parts of the world or have undemocratic gov- cosponsors in the House and would provide ing to the US Arms Control and Disar- ernments. Thus our arms and technology guidelines for arms exports—prohibiting mament Agency, Europe and the United sales potentially create—as in the Gulf—the transfers to governments that are undemo- States together sell over 90% of the world’s very threat our own forces may someday cratic, violate human rights, or are engaged weapons. Focusing narrowly on maintaining confront. Furthermore, the threat we are in acts of armed aggression. market share, no country has been willing to building by our arms sales also justified the The ‘‘Code’’ would not ban all arms sales. take unilateral steps toward control, fearing continued inflated military spending for Sales and transfers would continue in the na- it will lose export markets to competitors. even newer equipment to counter the items tional interest of the United States and to Therefore, it is vital that as the world’s lead- we have sold others. those nations which meet the ‘‘Code’s cri- ing suppliers, the EU and the United States Even the Pentagon now officially acknowl- work together to implement restraint. Co- edges that it faces the prospect of American teria.’’ Today’s exports could be tomorrow’s nightmare for American forces. In the last operation will prevent either US or European weapons being used against U.S. military companies from undercutting one another in personnel. In the latest Annual Report of the four US deployments—Panama, Iraq, Soma- lia, and Haiti—American troops faced armies pursuit of sales. Secretary of Defense to the President and Tomorrow in Brussels, the European Code strengthened by US materiel and tech- Congress Secretary William Perry writes, of Conduct will be launched, calling on the ‘‘In general, threats encountered in MRCs nology. In 1993, of the 14.8 billion in US arms EU to adopt stricter controls on weapons ex- [Major Regional Conflicts] would be standing sales, 90 percent were purchased by nations ports. This Code builds on the eight existing armies of foreign powers, armed with mixes that do not meet the Code’s guidelines. criteria on arms exports already agreed by of old and modern weapons systems. . . Americans throughout the nation support member states in 1991–92. These criteria Thus, U.S. forces must be prepared to face a the ‘‘Code’’—with more than 227 citizen’s or- stress that weapons exports should take into wide variety of systems, including some pre- ganizations endorsing its principles and 96 consideration: the purchasing country’s viously produced in the United States.’’ [au- percent of Americans demanding an end to human rights record; the internal and re- thor’s emphasis, p. 170] arms sales to dictators. gional stability of recipient states; and the A comparison of the Pentagon’s own data effects of weapons purchases on the recipient Let’s stop the ‘‘Boomerang effect.’’ Vote on deliveries of weapons through the U.S. country’s economy. FMS and commercial sales programs over for the ‘‘Code of Conduct on May 11!’’ A number of members of the European Par- the past decade with a list of fifty significant Please contact Robin Sanders at 51605 with liament have declared their support for this wars that were under way during 1993–94 in- questions or concerns. initiative, highlighting the need for a coher- dicates that U.S. weapons exports have Sincerely, ent and controlled approach to European played a major role in fueling the ethnic and CYNTHIA MCKINNEY, weapons exports, and encouraging the Par- territorial conflicts that have become the Member of Congress. liament to press for the Code. In addition, H 5520 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE May 24, 1995 the proposed Code has already been endorsed the Unitarian Universalist grassroots than that is bad on human rights or a coun- by almost 50 NGOs across Europe, including any other legislation we have worked on. try that is not democratic should get Save the Children and Medico International. The time has come for charting a new U.S. some of our assistance for other, larger arms sales policy that puts our country on In the lead-up to the review of the kinds of considerations. Maastricht Treaty in 1996, it is critical that the high ground and sets an example for the an effective EU arms export control regime international community to match. b 1245 be an integral part of an EU Common For- Sincerely, eign and Security Policy. ROBERT Z. ALPERN, There is waiver authority here. Come In addition to the US and European Code Director. to Congress, let us go through that of Conduct Initiatives, similar measures Ms. WOOLSEY. Mr. Chairman, I process. I think it is a sensible, re- have also been pursued in other inter- move to strike the last word. strained approach to try and deal with national fora. In November 1994, a proposal (Ms. WOOLSEY asked and was given the causes of regional instability in so was tabled at the United Nations, calling for permission to revise and extend her re- much of the world and the fueling of an a Code of Conduct for international conven- arms race. tional arms transfers with a view to promot- marks.) ing restraint. These efforts will continue in Ms. WOOLSEY. Mr. Chairman, I rise Mr. HASTINGS of Florida. Mr. Chair- both working groups and the General Assem- in strong support of the code of con- man, I move to strike the requisite bly. In addition, the Organization for Secu- duct amendment offered by the gentle- number of words. rity and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) woman from Georgia, and I would like Mr. Chairman, I would like to express agreed a series of ‘‘Principles Governing Con- to commend her for her tireless work my support for the amendment offered ventional Arms Transfers’’ in December 1993, on this important issue. by my colleague, the gentlewoman requiring member states to consider human As written, our current arms transfer from Georgia, [Ms. MCKINNEY]. rights, and reiterating ‘‘their strong belief policy is reckless and dangerous. Over This amendment establishes a code of that excessive and destabilizing arms build- conduct for recipients of U.S. military ups pose a threat to national, regional, and the past decade, we have sent weapons international peace and security’’. It is clear to countries who have turned around exports and training. It gives the Presi- that there is growing international consen- and used them against our sons and dent the authority to decide which sus regarding the urgent need to restrain the daughters in the Armed Forces. We countries meet the four responsible cri- international weapons trade. have provided ammunition for govern- teria: promote democracy, protect In its position as the world’s leading ex- ments who oppress their people and human rights, not engaged in acts of porter of weaponry, the United States has a commit acts of aggression against the aggression, and participants in the special responsibility to provide a global U.N. arms trade register. Those coun- leadership in the area of restraint. Passage international community. U.S. arms of the Code will encourage the United States transfer policy must be more respon- tries which do not meet the criteria to work in concert with its allies to control sible. would require a waiver agreed to by the spread of weapons to rogue regimes and In the debate over military spending both the President and the Congress. regions of conflict. This will prevent sce- and foreign policy, we continue to hear As we apply conditions on our mili- narios such as the one which unfolded in the that ‘‘the cold war is over, but the tary aid to other countries, so should Gulf War, where US troops faced weapons world is still a dangerous place.’’ Mr. we apply conditions to our weapons ex- supplied to Iraq by both the United States ports. It is outrageous that in our last and its European allies. Chairman, our current arms transfer As your European counterparts begin de- policy is making the world an even four overseas United States engage- veloping a harmonized EU arms export pol- more dangerous place. I thought we ments—Panama, Iraq, Somalia, and icy, we urge you to support the Code of Con- fought the cold war in order to make Haiti—our troops were threatened by duct amendment and demonstrate US leader- the world safe for democracy and weaponry that we sold to various dic- ship in promoting unified international re- human rights, not dangerous for U.S. tators who were once our friends, and straint of the global weapons trade. Please soldiers and innocent citizens world- later our enemies. feel free to contact our office in London or wide. As the only superpower in the world, Washington for further details on the Euro- it is imperative that the United States pean initiatives described above. Opponents of this measure argue that the United States should not restrict set the standard for responsible leader- UNITARIAN UNIVERSALIST itself to selling arms only to countries ship. Congresswoman MCKINNEY’s ASSOCIATION OF CONGREGATIONS, who promote democracy and protect amendment would ensure our moral Washington, May 10, 1995. human rights. They suggest that we leadership by prohibiting the sale of DEAR REPRESENTATIVE: Unitarian Univer- should be allowed to sell weapons to arms to those countries that are un- salist Association of Congregations, strongly countries which may not fit these cat- democratic, violate human rights, or supports the Code of Conduct on Arms are engaged in acts of armed aggres- Transfers bill introduced by Rep. Cynthia egories, but who are friendly to the McKinney and Senator Mark Hatfield that United States. sion. would place restrictions on the sale and Mr. Chairman, Members of the Arms transfers to undemocratic transfer of conventional weapons by the House, Manuel Noriega used to be countries which past administrations United States to dictators. friendly. Iraq used to be friendly. Why have courted for a variety of reasons, We think that the present U.S. arms sales do we refuse to learn that even the have often come to haunt us. We have policy which permits the sale of arms to gov- Devil can be friendly if he wants to spent precious human and financial re- ernments which abuse internationally recog- make a deal? sources cleaning up after conflicts nized human rights; engage in aggression which were fueled by our own arms against their own people or other nations; Mr. Chairman, I urge my colleagues and do not participate in international ef- to support the McKinney amendment transfers. Our own children have been forts to control arms is not in our national and reject the current reckless arms endangered by the very same weaponry interest, fuels regional and local conflicts transfer policy. that we sold because of short-term for- and aids and abets undemocratic govern- Mr. BERMAN. Mr. Chairman, will eign policy interests. This legislation ments. the gentlewoman yield? will protect our children in the future The Arms Export Control Act of 1976 Ms. WOOLSEY. I yield to the gen- by creating a presumption against such (AECA) gave Congress the power to review tleman from California. transfers, but does establish a thor- proposed U.S. arms exports using a human rights standard. Unfortunately, the AECA Mr. BERMAN. Mr. Chairman, I want ough, responsible review process for has not stopped a single arms transfer since to add my support for what the gentle- those sales that are in our best inter- it became law. The Supreme Court in 1983 woman said for the McKinney amend- est. found the Congressional mechanism whereby ment. This is a restrained and sensible Mr. Chairman, I ask the Members to either House could block such sales to be un- set of guidelines which reinvolve the support the McKinney amendment. constitutional. The McKinney-Hatfield Code Congress in the way that it used to be Mr. BURTON of Indiana. Mr. Chair- of Conduct bill would return to Congress a in the process of arms transfers before man, I move to strike the requisite mechanism for participating in the decision the Supreme Court decision knocked number of words. making process on U.S. arms transfers. We respectfully urge you to support the that process out and made us essen- Mr. Chairman, I find myself in a kind McKinney measure when it comes before the tially irrelevant. of an uncomfortable position because I Committee. The Code of Conduct on Arms This provides waiver authority. do not particularly like some of the Transfers has gained more support among There may be times when a country ways that the President has conducted May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H 5521 foreign policy, and I did not particu- concerns the gentleman from Indiana I am very sympathetic to the human larly like the invasion of Haiti or the has articulated, but it does put us into rights abuses issue being raised here. way he conducted our operations in So- the immoral position that we are cur- The CHAIRMAN. The time of the malia and lost a bunch of American rently in where we are actual selling gentleman from Indiana [Mr. BURTON] lives, but here is one case where I do arms to our neighbors that end up has expired. agree with the President. The Presi- using those arms, or to our friends that (By unanimous consent, Mr. BURTON dent has to have some leverage and be end up using those arms against us of Indiana was allowed to proceed for 1 able to conduct foreign policy, and when we get into conflict. additional minute.) many times his ability to negotiate Mr. BURTON of Indiana. I thank the Mr. BURTON of Indiana. I am very with countries that are buying U.S. gentleman for his contribution. I dis- sympathetic to the human rights issue arms is one way that he can get the job agree simply because the President of being raised here. This is a very, very done. the United States has the ability right complex world. It is a dangerous world. So the President of the United now to put pressure on those countries Even though the so-called cold war is States, Mr. Clinton, is against this par- by not allowing arms sales to them. As over, we still have to have a foreign ticular amendment. In this particular a matter of act, the President has exer- policy that will allow us to be able to case, I concur with him because I think cised that authority already in a num- deal with friends to make sure that it hamstrings him in one respect, as far ber of countries. If you followed what they have the ability to defend them- as his ability to conduct foreign policy has been going on in the past several selves. is concerned. years, you will find there are a number I might add one more time, if we do But, in addition to that, there is an- of countries that even purchased equip- not sell them these weapons, we will other economic issue that needs to be ment from the United States and the make sure that they will buy them taken into consideration. If anybody President has not allowed those pur- someplace else. Let us allow that the believes that a country that wants to chases to go forward. President of the United States will be buy weaponry is going to not buy it So he does have some latitude. It is a able to make these determinations simply because they cannot buy them Democrat President. He is asking for where necessary and at the same time from the United States, they are just this authority to be maintained. protect American jobs by not letting barking up the wrong tree. France sells Whether it is a Republican or Demo- them go overseas. weapons, Great Britain sells weapons, a crat, I would support it. Mr. KENNEDY of Massachusetts. If number of countries sell sophisticated The fact of the matter is there is an the gentleman will yield further, the weaponry. If they do not buy them inconsistency as far as our foreign pol- fact is that I have worked very closely from the United States of America, icy is concerned. There are many with Members of the Republican side in then certainly they are going to buy pieces of legislation which I have spon- the Committee on Banking and Finan- them from some place else. sored, regarding human rights abuses cial Services to structure amendments It will have an adverse economic im- in India, for instance, that have not that are very similar to this dealing pact on many segments of our society. passed this House because the minority with funding for the World Bank and If you go out to California and take a now, then the majority, would not sup- the IMF, which have received biparti- look at the aircraft industry, it is in a port them. san support. The question is whether or depressed state. It is starting to come So I find it kind of interesting that not Members of this body want to pro- out of it now because of the commer- here is the President of the United vide this authority in the Presidency cial sales. The fact of the matter is if States wanting to protect his ability to or whether or not we want to establish you put these kinds of constraints on conduct foreign policy and, because of this as a national policy for this coun- the sales of these kinds of materials, human rights issues, his party is trying try. you are going to have an impact on in- to stop it, while at other times in our We have gotten bipartisan support dustry in this country, and there are history when we were fighting for for such a policy in times past, and I going to be a lot of people lose their human rights abuses to be removed on would hope we would gain support on jobs and those jobs will go overseas to other pieces of legislation, we could the Republican side for this well- manufacturers of this equipment in not get that support. thought-through amendment that the foreign countries. Mr. KENNEDY of Massachusetts. If gentlewoman from Georgia [Ms. Mr. KENNEDY of Massachusetts. Mr. the gentleman would yield further, MCKINNEY] is offering. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? maybe this kind of legislation would The CHAIRMAN. The time of the Mr. BURTON of Indiana. I yield to actually improve and get the kind of gentleman from Indiana [Mr. BURTON] the gentleman from Massachusetts. result that you were looking for in has again expired. Mr. KENNEDY of Massachusetts. Mr. terms of your amendment with regard (By unanimous consent, Mr. BURTON Chairman, I appreciate the sentiments to Pakistan. of Indiana was allowed to proceed for 30 that the gentleman from Indiana is Mr. BURTON of Indiana. Not Paki- additional seconds.) showing in terms building up our own stan. India. Mr. BURTON of Indiana. I thank the economic base here at home. It is a le- Mr. KENNEDY of Massachusetts. gentleman for his contribution. gitimate concern. With regard to India in times past. The Let me just end up by saying that we This amendment does not say that fact of the matter is, if we had a uni- have asked time and time again that we cannot sell arms to Third World form policy instead of the hodgepodge there be a stronger voice by the Con- countries, nor does it say we cannot policy that we have today, I think we gress in the conducting of foreign pol- sell arms to other countries through- would get the moral leadership of the icy, and the Administration has found out the world. All it says is that when rest of the world to support us, as we that they do not want that to be ac- there are human rights abuses, when have seen today in the European Par- complished. They wanted to keep that there are gross inequities in terms of liament, which is taking up legislation power in the executive branch, and I how the country that is trying to pur- very similar to this. understand that. And we have not been chase arms treats its neighbors, is Mr. BURTON of Indiana. I appreciate successful in making those changes. overly aggressive in those issues, in the gentleman’s contribution. In a per- In this particular case, I think the terms of spending far too much money fect world we might have a consistent President’s arguments are well found- on its own arms industry rather than foreign policy worldwide. But as the ed, and I, as a Republican, find myself looking out after its own people, that gentleman well knows, we do not have once again in a difficult position, but I the United States ought to take those a perfect world; we have an inconsist- am supporting the President in this issues into account. ency in foreign policy. That is why the particular case. It gives the President the flexibility President, whether Republican or Dem- Mrs. MEEK of Florida. Mr. Chair- of overruling these on a national secu- ocrat, has to have latitude in conduct- man, I move to strike the requisite rity basis, and in any given year. So I ing that foreign policy that includes number of words. think it does provide the kind of flexi- the ability to stop arms sales or allow Mr. MILLER of California. Mr. Chair- bility that is necessary to address the those arms sales to go forward. man, will the gentlewoman yield? H 5522 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE May 24, 1995 Mrs. MEEK of Florida. I am happy to icy, and in the area of arms sales, I do tening—read the Amnesty Inter- yield to the gentleman from California. not think we would want our contribu- national human rights violation re- Mr. MILLER of California. I thank tion and our legacy to the world to be ports. You find actually one of the the gentlewoman for yielding. that we have sold arms to everyone and countries that is cited is the United I rise in strong support of this allowed for the continuation of the States. Not only is the United States amendment. I think it is very impor- practice of war as almost a permanent cited, but you also have Israel, Egypt, tant that we consider it. I would hope vocation in this world. Turkey, and, if this amendment passed, we would pass it. So I would hope that we would sup- I think you really would jeopardize the The gentleman is right. It is not a port the McKinney amendment and the status of peace efforts in the Middle perfect world, but we have got to strive companion effort in the Senate because East if this was properly applied ac- to make it a better world. I think it moves us in the right direc- cording to the language in the amend- Mrs. MEEK of Florida. Mr. Chair- tion, and even though it may be a de- ment, and again I think it serves no man, I rise in strong support of the batable matter in some people’s minds, purpose. We must work against human amendment offered by my colleague, I think that for all of us, if we want to rights violations wherever they occur, the gentlewoman from Georgia [Ms. be on the right side of history on this and human rights violations are not MCKINNEY]. issue, that we should, in the final anal- condoned by this Congress. The United States has long been an ysis, find ourselves voting favorably for Let me also point out that a major arms merchant to the world, Mr. Chair- the McKinney amendment. flaw in this amendment is the Presi- man, but this amendment is not about Mr. SALMON. Mr. Chairman, I move dent already has the authority. Maybe the quantity of arms sales. This to strike the requisite number of the other side of the aisle or the spon- amendment is about who we sell arms words. sor does not trust the President of the to and who makes these decisions. Mr. Chairman, this amendment is of- United States, but in fact under cur- At the present time, except in rare fered in good faith. But it is slightly rent law the President of the United circumstances, the executive branch misnamed. This amendment is not States is required to even notify Con- alone decides what countries are eligi- about human rights, and this amend- gress before there is an arms sale in ble to receive weapons. This process ment is not about foreign policy. This the appropriate committee of Congress. has resulted in arms transfers to un- amendment instead is about a philo- So first of all, it is not a realistic democratic countries that use our arms sophical difference that exists within amendment, and it is not an amend- to maintain their own control and to the Congress. ment that recognizes that there are oppress their own people, and in recent Some in this body simply believe human rights violations, whether it is United States military operations that all arms sales to our allies are in the United States or with our allies overseas, in Panama, Iraq, and Soma- wrong in all cases. They believe that that are sometime recipients of these lia, our troops had to fight against helping our allies defend themselves arms; and, second, the amendment has hostiles armed with the very weapons and helping them defend our vital in- no purpose because the President real- we previously sold to them. terests amounts to exporting violence. ly already has the authority, and the We sold $200 million in weapons to Congress is, in fact, notified when b Somalia. We spent $2 billion fighting 1300 there are these arms sales pending. So soldiers armed with these weapons, I disagree. Often selling arms to our it is not a needed amendment, and it is many times at the destruction of the allies may mean we do not have to send not a useful amendment, and I urge its U.S. soldiers and citizens. U.S. troops, and that makes sense for defeat. This amendment brings Congress Americans. Ms. WATERS. Mr. Chairman, I move into the arms sales process without Moreover, responsible arms sales to strike the requisite number of tying the hands of the President. This have for many years played an impor- words. Mr. Chairman, I rise in favor of this amendment sets reasonable criteria tant role in our Nation’s foreign policy. amendment authored by the gentle- that have to be met before arms can be Obviously, opponents of arms sales to woman from Georgia [Ms. MCKINNEY]. transferred, including promoting de- our allies could not hope to enact a This amendment is about the new mocracy, protecting human rights, par- complete ban on the practice, so they world order. The United States has ticipating in the U.N. arms trade reg- have come up with this lesser amend- emerged as the undisputed political, ister, and refraining from aggression. A ment. economic, and military leader of the waiver is provided for countries that do But we should not artificially re- world. not meet this criteria if the national strict our arms sales to our allies, or With the end of the cold war, the old security requires. hold them hostage to interpretations of ways of doing international business— Mr. Chairman, the McKinney amend- vague definitions contained in this especially military business—are no ment is a very sound amendment. It is amendment. longer adequate. This is a time to re- reasonable and responsible reform. It I welcome continued debate on evaluate. It is a time for America to restores the balance of power in arms whether we should ban all arms sales live up to the promise of its creed— sales between the legislative and the to other nations. But this back door ef- across our borders as well as within executive branches. It helps secure re- fort at beginning such a ban today, them. sponsible decisions in this important should be defeated. This Nation must not support dic- policy area. Mr. Chairman, I yield to the gen- tators. It must stand strongly against Mr. Chairman, I commend the gentle- tleman from Florida [Mr. MICA]. human rights abuses. We have the ca- woman from Georgia [Ms. MCKINNEY] Mr. MICA. Mr. Chairman and my col- pacity—through diplomatic pressure, for bringing forth this wonderful league, I just want to make a couple of business opportunity, and military amendment, and I strongly urge its points and rise in opposition to the arms relationships—to make the world passage. amendment that has been offered here safer for its citizens. The United States Mr. FATTAH. Mr. Chairman, will the this afternoon. should exercise that power. This, Mr. gentlewoman yield? First of all, this does address the Chairman, is what the McKinney Mrs. MEEK of Florida. I yield to the human rights violation question, and amendment is all about. gentleman from Pennsylvania. none of us favor any type of human We only need to look at the recent Mr. FATTAH. Mr. Chairman, I thank rights violations anywhere in the world past to find examples of good inten- the gentlewoman for yielding. or by any of our allies, but the matter tions gone bad in the U.S. arms sales. Let me commend the sponsor of the of fact is that this amendment is not a Many people have heard about the re- code of conduct amendment, and let realistic amendment, and it is not a cent, gross violations of human rights me try to be as brief as possible, Mr. needed amendment. I say to my col- in Turkey. Turkey happens to be one of Chairman. leagues: First of all, if you want to the largest recipients of United States I rise in support of this amendment. look at human rights violations, just military aid. Former Assistant Sec- I think that we cannot divorce Amer- refer to—and I invite all my colleagues retary of Defense Lawrence Korb testi- ican ideals from American foreign pol- to do this, and other folks that are lis- fied yesterday that Turkey’s rulers May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H 5523 have used United States-supplied F– viet Union and excess conventional be made if the President certifies to 16’s, Black Hawk helicopters and M–60 military equipment flooding global Congress that such a transfer is in the tanks against its own Kurdish popu- markets, I believe it is essential to find national security interests of the Unit- lation. a way to stop the spiral of militariza- ed States and the Congress enacts a The United States also militarily tion. An overarmed developing world law approving such an exception or if supplies human rights abusers in Indo- not only has a terrible human cost, it the President determines that an emer- nesia and Malaysia. Unfortunately, we is also contrary to American interests gency exists under which it is vital to are considering more aid to the Gov- in fostering democracy, building politi- the interests of the United States to ernment of Indonesia—despite widely cal stability, and enhancing growing provide the transfer. If the President reported human rights abuses by the global economy, and I think those are cannot meet this very high standard, Indonesian military against East some of the gentlewoman’s concerns, quote, that an emergency exists, end of Timor. and I certainly agree with them. quote, then this amendment would In the not quite so recent past, this In my mind the solution to the prob- force the Congress to enact a resolu- country felt forced to stop a military lem of militarization in arms transfer tion of approval for arms sale. This, of exercise by Iraqi leader, Saddam Hus- must be a multilateral one. It would do course, turns the current system of sein. We had a major war—risking the us, nor the developing world, any good congressional review of arms transfer lives of thousands of soldiers—against if we reduce exports only to find the on its head, a system that I, for one, do Iraq, a country which had always been gap filled by other suppliers. Yet it is not think to be broken. a human rights abuser, and which had also clear that multi-lateral solutions Now, I do believe the author of this been the recipient of U.S. aid, includ- require U.S. leadership both by the amendment has made a very serious ef- ing military aid. President and by the Congress. fort to modify the language to address Too many times in this country’s Congress has already begun to ad- concerns of limiting Presidential flexi- history, we have been short-sighted dress the need for arms restraint, en- bility by inserting new language under policy in our arms export policy. Too acting several measures which I sup- which countries could receive arms if many times, short-term military alli- port, including, No. 1, encouraging the they were violating the criteria in the ances have led to long-term human President to establish a multilateral bill if the President determines that an rights disasters, or worse. arms restraint regime; No. 2, imposing emergency exists, so there is that flexi- The McKinney amendment does not a moratorium on the export of anti- bility for the President. I would only preclude military assistance to any personnel land mines and calling on point out this is a very high standard country. If the President and Congress the administration to negotiate a and one that I think cannot be met, at agree that an arms sale is in the na- worldwide ban on their deployment; least not in very many instances. The tional security interest, that sale and, No. 3, calling on the administra- President’s room to maneuver is large- would be allowed. tion to oppose multilateral lending to ly circumscribed, so in my view the However, the McKinney amendment countries who refuse to reduce military modification does not fix one of the would establish basic, humane, and ap- spending in concert with their neigh- fundamental flaws of the amendment. propriate standards for the conduct of bors. I want to correct the conclusion here U.S. military export policy. These That brings me to the amendment at that I think supporters of the amend- standards are common sense standards hand. ment may be making. The Congress, Mr. Chairman, I am in strong agree- such as requiring our military exports contrary to what the supporters—— to go to countries which hold free and ment with the sentiments, as I said, The CHAIRMAN. The time of the fair elections; such as being sure our which were expressed in the amend- gentleman from Nebraska [Mr. BEREU- sales go to countries which do not en- ment which express the view that we TER] has expired. gage in gross violations of human should not sell arms to countries that rights, and making sure that our arms are democratic, that do not respect (By unanimous consent, Mr. BEREU- exports do not go to countries which human rights, and that do not promote TER was allowed to proceed for 3 addi- engage in illegal acts of armed aggres- peace and stability. Where I have prob- tional minutes.) sion. lems with this amendment is that it Mr. BEREUTER. The Congress, con- If there was ever a time when this mandates, at least as I read it, that trary to what the supporters of the country could justify working with human rights, democracy, and partici- amendment are seeming to be saying, human rights abusers to further some pation of the U.N. arms registry of con- currently has a very important role in longer-term strategic objective, that ventional arms be the only criteria determining which sales are made. In time is surely past. This country, with- that should govern our arms transfers. many ways, tangible or not so tangible, out any serious military threat to our To say that these criteria should be the Congress influences the sales about security, now must face its responsibil- paramount in evaluating a particular which the administration ends up noti- ity, and act as the world’s moral lead- transfer is, I think, going too far. This fying the Hill. There is an elaborate er. The McKinney amendment would is too restrictive in my view. Arms consultation procedure which we will apply a moral test to U.S. foreign pol- transfers serve important foreign pol- not find in the formal statutory law icy. icy and national security objectives. whereby the administration vets pos- Let us assert our role as a moral That can contribute to regional stabil- sible sales with the appropriate com- leader in the world. Support the ity and help deter aggression. They can mittees. Members and staff briefings McKinney amendment. even foster interoperability should U.S. are convened on proposed sales that are Mr. BEREUTER. Mr. Chairman, I Assistance ever be required as in the controversial, and, contrary to what move to strike the requisite number of Desert Storm operation. some may think, the administration words. Human rights and the democratic backs off and drops proposed sales, not (Mr. BEREUTER asked and was make up of recipient governments just this administration, but that has given permission to revise and extend ought to be among the criteria in mak- been the trend and the practice. his remarks.) ing a final decision on a proposed So, it is incorrect, I think, to argue Mr. BEREUTER. Mr. Chairman, I transfer. In some cases they may be that we have no role under the current rise in opposition to the McKinney the primary criterion, but not in all process. The administration and the amendment. I agree with some of her cases. The President must be able to Congress are in constant dialogue concerns, but not the solutions em- weigh all relevant criteria to reach about arms transfers which are con- bodied in the amendment. sensible, sound decisions on the merit ducted in accordance with the Arms Certainly, Mr. Chairman, during the of each proposed transfer. Export Control Act. The Congress sig- cold war the two superpowers did Moreover, the amendment would re- nificantly influences arms transfers in transfer billions of dollars of weapons quire the President to certify annually direct and practical ways through the to the developing world every year as a those nations that qualify for arms years beginning with consultation on part of their strategic competition. transfer according to these criteria. the Javits report. Critics of arms With the dissolution of the former So- Transfer to other countries could only transfer point to the fact that Congress H 5524 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE May 24, 1995 has never enacted a resolution of dis- been ashamed of ourselves in dealing The CHAIRMAN. The time of the approval on arms sales. That is not a with the tyrants we were dealing with. gentleman from California [Mr. correct measure. In fact, congressional But just like in the Second World War ROHRABACHER] has expired. passage of such a resolution would rep- when we allied ourselves with Stalin, (On request of Mr. BURTON of Indiana resent a breakdown of the existing we allied ourselves in the cold war and by unanimous consent, Mr. process, not a measure of its success. against the communists with some un- ROHRABACHER was allowed to proceed The fact that we have not passed a res- savory characters. for 1 additional minute.) olution then is evidence that in fact That is no longer the case. The cold Mr. BURTON of Indiana. Mr. Chair- the consultation process is working. war is over, and today human rights man, will the gentleman yield? Mr. ROHRABACHER. I yield to the b 1315 should play a more important role in our decisionmaking process than it did gentleman from Indiana. Now, I have gone on at length here when we were under attack. If a coun- Mr. BURTON of Indiana. Mr. Chair- because I think this is a serious amend- try is crucial to our national security, man, the gentleman made one salient ment with much merit. But the author even besides the fact we are not in the point in his comments. He said during of this amendment is committed to the cold war, this amendment provides us the Reagan administration, in which issue, and I commend her. But for the the ability to say well, you may not be he served, that the felt the President reasons I stated, I cannot support it in up to our democratic standards, and in- should have this latitude, because of its current form, and I would urge a deed we want you to be more demo- the critical time problems that the ‘‘no’’ vote for all of my colleagues. cratic and respect human rights, but President should not have to mess Mr. Chairman, I strongly urge a ‘‘no’’ we will put you on an exception list. around with Congress for 3 or 4 weeks vote. You are acceptable because you are when he might have to make a quick Mr. ROHRABACHER. Mr. Chairman, crucial to the national security inter- decision. I move to strike the requisite number What makes the gentleman think ests of the United States. of words. that will not happen at some point in Mr. Chairman, will wonders never I would imagine we might debate the future with some future President? cease, where my colleague from Geor- countries like Saudi Arabia, who I be- Mr. ROHRABACHER. Mr. Chairman, gia and I are standing together on an lieve is crucial to the security of the reclaiming my time, the cold war is issue in this body? United States, and other kingdoms over. The fact is that today we should Let me note that the cold war is where people in those countries are not be operating under the same rules over. I would not have supported this more inclined toward having a king- as when our country was targeted by a amendment if it had been 10 years ago. dom than a democracy. That would be very powerful enemy that meant to de- I believe that now is the time for us as a legitimate decision we could make. I stroy us. We now can afford to bring a Nation to seriously consider what our have no doubt this Congress is capable the moral questions into play, and we policies are around the world in a dif- to working with the President to deter- should, the human rights questions, ferent light than what we did 10 years mine which nondemocratic countries the democracy questions. This is what ago during the cold war. are crucial to our national security. America can stand for, and if we do, we This amendment puts Congress This gives the President in fact lever- will have the allegiance of young peo- squarely in the decisionmaking proc- age even in those countries to secure ple around the world, rather than the ess. My good friend, the gentleman more human rights for their people, fear of those young people of their own from Nebraska [Mr. BEREUTER], just when now the President cannot just regimes that might be armed by our suggested there is a process that is say well, the Congress is forcing me people. That is the way America should taking place right now, but it is just and thus have a dialog with these coun- be. That is the strength. Abraham Lin- not codified. It is not set down solid in tries. coln said, ‘‘Right makes might.’’ legislation. Now, I may, as I say, disagree with Mr. FARR. Mr. Chairman, I move to Well, I believe that now that the cold the proponents of this amendment on strike the requisite number of words. war is over we can afford to take this many issues in terms of what countries Mr. Chairman, I rise in strong sup- decisionmaking process about what we are dealing with, but the principle port of the gentlewoman from Geor- kind of countries that we will be deal- is sound. Let me say this in terms of gia’s amendment to H.R. 1561, the ing with, especially arming to the the practicality. When Ronald Reagan McKinney Arms Code of Conduct. The teeth, what kind of countries we will became President of the United States, Arms Code of Conduct is a rational ap- be selling our sophisticated weaponry we decided we were no longer going to proach. It implements a coherent and to, is a decision in which the Congress be just anti-Communist and support comprehensive arms control policy. can play a legitimate and verifiable anti-Communist regimes. I believe that This legislation would prohibit U.S. role, and that we can be held account- was the turning point in the cold war. military assistance and arms transfers able to our own people for the moral to foreign governments, unless the basis of the decisions that are being When Ronald Reagan made human President certifies that the foreign made by our Government in this area. rights and democracy the issue against government adheres to a national code When the cold war was on, we left the Communists, when he turned away of conduct. these decisions up to the President of from just supporting dictators who are In order to be eligible for military as- the United States, and I supported anti-Communist but instead went to sistance, the gentlewoman’s amend- that, because we were up against an the people of then the Soviet Union ment specifically requires that the for- enemy that wanted to destroy our and other countries under Communist eign government head be elected country. I was, as many of you know, a domination and said we in the West do through a fair and free elections proc- member of President Reagan’s staff for believe in democracy and we are will- ess; that the country respect human 7 years. I felt it appropriate that the ing to support those people who are rights and not be engaged in any ag- President had the right to counter So- struggling for freedom, and we estab- gression which violates international viet moves that were aimed at putting lished the National Endowment for De- law; and must fully participate in the us in a vulnerable situation to a mili- mocracy, that is when the cold war U.N. Register of Conventional Arms. tary threat, without necessarily having turned around. The United States is the sole super- to come to Congress and have the issue In the long run, that proved the power in the world and the world’s un- debated on for weeks. downfall of communism. It was the disputed leader in arms exports. Today, We are not in that situation today. In practical thing to do. In the short run, U.S. firms dominate more than 70 per- fact, during the cold war, human rights it gave us some problems, because cent of the international arms sale were secondary in many of the cases in there were some anti-Communist dic- market, up from 57 percent in 1991. Ac- our dealings with foreign countries. In tatorships which basically were on our cording to the U.S. Arms Control and many cases, if we were not dealing side. This too will be practical if we Disarmament Agency’s 1993–94 report, with such a hostile and horrible enemy have guts enough to stand for our prin- World Military Expenditures and Arms as the communists, we should have ciples. Transfers, the United States sold $10.3 May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H 5525 billion in arms exports worldwide, U.N. Registry of Conventional Arms, sell it to them and how they use it is compared to our closest competitor, all give us a sound basis on which to their business.’’ But it greatly dis- which is Great Britain, which racked evaluate who we ought to be selling tressed me to know that people, inno- up $4.3 billion in sales. In 1994 alone, arms to. It is correct policy because it cent civilians, were being destroyed by the U.S. taxpayer paid more to sub- gives us leverage. It enables us to le- the dropping of these 500-pound bombs. sidize weapons sales than we paid for verage those people who are buying our I remember bringing that issue to the the Federal elementary and secondary arms in the direction that we wish attenetion of our National Security education programs. them to go. Adviser, Brent Scowcroft. He surely Ninety percent of the significant eth- It is also good policy because it im- agreed. He said, ‘‘Yeah, we sold those nic and territorial conflicts in the poses moral values. People throw that bombs, and other kinds of military world in the last 2 years involve one or around. We ought to have moral values hardware to the former Yugoslavia,’’ more parties which had received some in U.S. policy. Well, opposing human which had a disgusting human rights type of U.S. weaponry or military tech- rights violations, promoting democ- record. nology in a period leading up to the racy, and opposing aggression rep- Now, I think we need to be more seri- conflict. Additionally, in the war with resents the best of moral values. ous about who we are willing to sell Iraq there were countless documented I am not naive. There are certainly arms to. This code of conduct may not and verified instances where U.S. circumstances that are exigent that be perfect. It may be liable to addi- troops faced the enemy who was armed will require changes in this policy. The tional change as it makes its way with U.S. based technology and weap- bill addresses that. It has a national se- through conference, should it pass. onry. curity exception which the President There are reasonable objections by rea- Mr. Chairman, as the world’s leading can utilize. It also has an emergency sonable people about what ought to be exporter of weaponry, the United waiver which the President can utilize. a part of this, whether or not the na- States has an implicit responsibility to But it seems to me we have got to quit tional security exemption is the best provide global leadership on this issue being passive and reactionary and un- and most properly drawn way of pro- by formulating a policy of restraint. derstand what advancing our interests ceeding. But I think it makes a clear While the world’s arms market is a lu- really means. I urge adoption of the statement that it will not be business crative venture, no country has been McKinney amendment. as usual. Arms sales ought to be condi- willing to take up unilateral steps to- Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. Mr. Chair- tioned and human rights ought to mat- ward control, fearing loss of exports to man, I move to strike the requisite ter. market competitors. Therefore, it is number of words. Unfortunately, we have had hearings Mr. Chairman, today I rise in support vital as the world’s leading supplier, in the Committee on Human Rights, of the code of conduct amendment that that the United States take respon- the Subcommittee on International Op- is offered by my friend and colleague, sibility for initiating a comprehensive erations and Human Rights which I the gentlewoman from Georgia [Ms. and a rational approach to controlling chair, two human rights hearings. Am- MCKINNEY]. The code of conduct will be nesty International came forward and arms sales, which will prevent repeat the first major reform of U.S. arms scenarios, such as those that occurred told us in this administration, the transfer policy in almost two decades. Clinton administration, human rights in Iraq where United States forces The code of conduct highlights guid- faced weapons supplied by the United is an island, disconnected from policy ing principles on human rights and de- considerations. States. mocracy which I believe are important I urge my colleagues to support the to America’s leadership role in the b 1330 adoption of the McKinney Arms Code post-cold-war era. This amendment We have seen it in a myriad of other of Conduct amendment. This amend- would help stem the flow of U.S. weap- issues like the most-favored-nation ment is supported by 103 cosponsors, ons to countries that violate human status for China and other kinds of Democrats and Republicans alike, in- rights of its citizenry and fail to re- human rights considerations. There is cluding the chair of the Senate Com- spect international human rights a disconnect. This tries to, at least in mittee on Appropriations. Approving standards. The code of conduct offers the selling of arms, which kill people, this legislation will be one of the most an avenue for America to make viola- we try to make sure, the gentlewoman significant steps this body takes to en- tors of human rights accountable for from Georgia [Ms. MCKINNEY] tries to hance our national foreign policy. their actions if they wish to continue make sure that, if we are going to sell Mr. Chairman, I yield to the gen- to receive U.S. arms sales. arms, that human rights is a signifi- tleman from Maryland [Mr. WYNN]. Mr. Chairman, two-thirds of all the cant factor. Mr. WYNN. Mr. Chairman, I would foreign military sales went to coun- I thank the gentlewoman for offering like to thank the gentleman for yield- tries described by the State Depart- the amendment. ing. ment Country Reports on Human Mr. FALEOMAVAEGA. Mr. Chair- Mr. Chairman, I also rise in support Rights Practices as human rights vio- man, I move to strike the requisite of the McKinney amendment. I think it lators, with undemocratic govern- number of words. is a very responsible amendment. I ments. The code of conduct is sup- I rise to offer my strong support of comment her for introducing it. Quite ported by some 275 national organiza- the amendment offered by my col- simply, it seems to me in the absence tions who believe that human rights league and good friend the gentle- of the cold war we have lost our way in should play a key role in our arms ex- woman from Georgia, [Ms. MCKINNEY]. terms of foreign policy. Foreign policy port policy. Mr. Chairman, I recall one of the fun- is supposed to advance our interests, Mr. Chairman, I will never forget damental concerns raised by one of our our long-term interests, in the global some years back when I made a trip to great Presidents in our time—the late community. To do this, however, we Croatia when it was under siege. The President Dwight Eisenhower. Before cannot be passive. We have to have gentleman from Virginia [Mr. WOLF] leaving the White House and in one of some standards and objectives to pur- and I got into a place by the name of his speeches—President Eisenhower sue. Vukovar. Vukovar was surrounded by warned our nation of the It seems to me our objective ought to Serb artillery and tanks. We went everincreasing power and influence of be encouraging diplomatic solutions there to try to bear witness to peace the industrial military interests in our around the world and discouraging and to try to encourage the people country. warfare and the use of weapons around there. We followed it up with meetings Now don’t get me wrong—I want our the world. The McKinney amendment with President Milosevic and others. military industry complex to produce represents sound policy advancing our But I remember looking at shell cas- weapons and military equipment that foreign policy interests, because it sets ings and bomb casings that littered the meet our national security interest a specific criteria on which we can streets, dozens of bomb casings, and too—but the question is how much and evaluate arms sales. Democracy, adher- they were U.S. made. to whom should we sell these weapons? ence to human rights, the absence of Now, some people can say ‘‘Oh, big Mr. Chairman, everyone here in this aggression, and participation in the deal. That doesn’t really matter. We Chamber knows that our Nation is the H 5526 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE May 24, 1995 largest producer and exporter of mili- to] . . . allies, major coalition partners, and Second, we should not hamstring the tary equipment and weapons of war. It European neutrals.’’ President of the United States in his is time that our national leaders need Davis confirmed that the administration is conducting of foreign policy. And third, to be more sensitive about exporting considering offering F–16 jet fighters to Indo- the economic concerns that I talked nesia, despite recent evidence of fresh abuses and selling of weapons of war to kill by Indonesian military forces in East Timor. about awhile ago are real, because and maim other human beings. Assistant Secretary of State for Human there are other countries who will sell Mr. Chairman, I commend the gentle- Rights John Shattuck, who appeared with this equipment to foreign governments woman for introducing this amend- Davis, said ‘‘we are paying close attention to if we do not. Along with those sales ment, and I urge my colleagues to sup- Indonesia’s human rights situation and will will go American jobs. port this amendment. take this into consideration’’ in deciding on I think those points should be consid- Mr. Chairman, I include for the such sales. ered by my colleagues. We have the au- With regard to Turkey, he said ‘‘we are, as RECORD the following article: thority to deal with this problem al- you know, gravely concerned about the use [From the Washington Post, May 24, 1995] of [U.S.-made] military material, particu- ready. We do not need this amendment. ARMS SALES ‘CONDUCT CODE’ OPPOSED— larly cluster bombs’’ during Turkey’s mili- I thank the gentleman for yielding to STATE DEPARTMENT SAYS PROPOSAL COULD tary assaults on Kurds in southeastern Tur- me. IMPINGE ON POLICY AND FRIENDLY NATIONS key and northern Iraq. Mr. DURBIN. Mr. Chairman, I move (By R. Jeffrey Smith) But Shattuck did not say whether the use to strike the requisite number of of these arms would affect future sales to The Clinton administration declared yes- words. Turkey, which he described as ‘‘a crucial terday that it opposes a ‘‘code of conduct’’ Mr. Chairman, I rise in support of NATO ally.’’ drafted by some members of Congress to this amendment offered by the gentle- Lawrence J. Korb, an assistant secretary of block U.S. arms sales to countries that com- defense in the Reagan administration who is woman from Georgia. I can tell you mit human rights abuses or are not demo- now at the Brookings Institution, testified that in the course of my service in Con- cratic. later that Turkey’s use of F–16s, Black Hawk gress, too often we have seen instances At a Senate hearing, Undersecretary of helicopters and M–60 tanks against the where we have taken the scarce re- State Lynn E. Davis criticized the proposed Kurds indicated that many U.S. arms trans- code on grounds that its rigid criteria for sources of the United States, bought ferred overseas ‘‘are used not against the for- arms sales would impinge on the administra- military weaponry, sent it to corners eign enemies of the U.S., but against the in- tion’s authority to decide foreign policy and of the world and then find not too digenous populations.’’ could force a cutoff of military aid to friend- much later that it has been turned ei- ly nations in regions important to U.S. in- Mr. GILMAN. Mr. Chairman, I move ther on our country or on our allies. terests. to strike the requisite number of These so-called boomerang sales are The code, which is scheduled to come up words. addressed directly by the amendment for a vote on the House floor today, was Mr. Chairman, I yield to the gen- offered by the gentlewoman from Geor- crafted by Sen. Mark O. Hatfield (R-Ore.) and tleman from Indiana [Mr. BURTON]. gia. I think her amendment is a step in Rep. Cynthia McKinney (D-Ga.) to stanch es- Mr. BURTON of Indiana. Mr. Chair- timated annual sales or gifts of billions of the right direction. I rise in strong sup- dollars worth of U.S. arms to countries that man, I will not take the whole 5 min- port. the sponsors claim are not upholding impor- utes. I would just like to put some Mr. Chairman, I yield to the gentle- tant U.S. values. At the hearing, Hatfield facts on the table. woman from Georgia. particularly criticized recent U.S. arms sales Right now under the Export Control Ms. MCKINNEY. Mr. Chairman, I to Malaysia, Indonesia and Turkey, which he Act, the Congress of the United States would just like to correct for the said had each engaged in recent human can stop sales. In the past when the record some misstatements and mis- rights abuses. President, any President, has started representations that have been made The proposed code states that U.S. mili- to go ahead with arms sales and he tary assistance and arms transfers should be about this amendment. provided only to nations with governments found opposition was rising under the First of all, this amendment does not chosen by free elections that protect basic Export Control Act that was passed by ban arms sales to any country. Second, freedoms and are not engaged in ‘‘gross vio- the Congress of the United States, they if there is a problem with this amend- lations of internationally recognized human have pulled in their horns and they ment in terms of human rights, it is rights.’’ have renegotiated those sales deals not that this amendment will fail be- It also bars aid to nations engaged in ille- with these foreign countries. So we al- cause it does not address human rights gal acts of armed aggression and to nations ready have the authority in law to do well enough; it will fail for other rea- that do not register their arms transactions what is being talked about today. The with the United Nations. The president could sons. waive these restrictions for any country, but only difference is we are turning the Let me just begin to say what some only with congressional approval. process around. That hamstrings the of those reasons are. The code has collected 102 sponsors in the President of the United States in his One is that we are spending millions House, but last week it missed gaining the conducting of foreign policy. That is a of dollars to quell regional strife that International Relations Committee’s en- mistake we, in turn, are the fomenters of. First dorsement by a one-vote margin. Hatfield Ten years ago, the United States con- of all, we are fomenting murder and has vowed to try to attach it to a foreign aid trolled only 15 percent of the arms rampage around the world by fueling or defense appropriations bill this year. sales. My colleagues who spoke on the conflict, by arming potential adversar- Davis told a Senate Appropriations sub- committee that while the administration other side are absolutely right; we do ies, that is the boomerang effect that supports the ‘‘principles’’ expressed by the control a large part of arms sales my colleague just spoke about, by pro- code, it ‘‘simply cannot agree to this today, but that is because the Soviet moting territorial expansion and weighting of criteria’’ for deciding on indi- Union has disintegrated. Ten years crossborder aggression and also by fa- vidual arms sales. ago, they controlled 50 percent of the cilitating terrorism and repression. Instead, she said, the administration pre- arms sales worldwide, and they sold to And, in fact, as we learned recently, fers its own policy of selling arms based on countries like Iraq, Iran, and Libya. We the CIA funded Jihad school over in Af- ‘‘national security,’’ as spelled out in flexi- are not selling to those pariah coun- ble language approved by President Clinton ghanistan trained two of the suspects in February. tries, but they did. in the World Trade Center bombing. Under this policy, Davis said, no single cri- Now that they have fallen apart, our Second, we are violating our own terion such as respect for human rights percentage of the market has gone up, law. The law states that it shall be the ‘‘takes precedence over another.’’ Arms but we are still below, way below, policy of the United States to exert transfers can be made to nondemocratic na- where we were 10 years ago. So while leadership in the world community to tions if they promote regional stability or our percentage is higher, our actual bring about an arrangement for reduc- help prop up failing U.S. defense companies sales are lower. So the bottom line is ing the international trade in imple- that produce key military technologies. this. Simply put, we have the control ments of war. We are violating our own Although McKinney has charged that 90 percent of the $12.9 billion in U.S. arms sales in the Congress to stop any arms sales policy. approved last year went to countries that that we want to under the Export Con- And then finally, why is that the Washington classifies as nondemocratic, trol Act. We do not need this legisla- case? It is the case because in the Davis said the ‘‘vast majority [went tion. Washington Post story by Jeffrey May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H 5527 Smith in today’s newspaper, it says problems of lagging U.S. competitiveness in philosophies concerning foreign military sales. that the present administration takes nonmilitary industries. Furthermore, arms ex- With the dissolution of the Soviet Union, many the tack that arms transfers can be ports undermine peaceful conflict resolution of the principles which guided our arms export made to nondemocratic nations if they upon which world trade, economic growth, and policies in the past no longer are relevant. The help to prop up failing U.S. defense long-term job creation are based. provisions of the Code of Conduct on Arms companies. Administration policy states that the impact Transfers will establish a sensible, much- So the bottom line, once again, is the on defense jobs must be taken into account needed framework for making decisions about amount of money that is being spent in when exports are considered. Well, Mr. Chair- what we send abroad and to whom. The Unit- failing U.S. defense industries. man, I wish we would extend the same con- ed States should take a leadership role in Finally, I would just like to com- sideration to the impact on the lives and well- forging new policies and encouraging new pliment and thank those people who being of American service personnel. Our lais- thinking in this area. have worked so hard on behalf of this sez-faire approach to arms sales creates a Being the world's No. 1 weapons supplier is amendment. They are the over 200 self-generated dangerÐthe possibility that our a very dubious distinction. As we approach the grassroots organizations that have service men and women will someday be start of the 21st century, we should re-evalu- gone around the country in support of fightings nations or groups who obtained U.S. ate the priorities which have placed us in this this amendment, the strong support of weapons and technology. category and look to the Code of Conduct as our colleagues who have spoken here Even the Pentagon now officially acknowl- a model. this afternoon and who have cospon- edges that it faces the prospect of American Again, I would like to thank Representative weapons being used against U.S. military per- sored this amendment, and finally the MCKINNEY for all her hard work on behalf of strong staff work of Robin Sanders who sonnel. In his latest Annual Report to the this important issue. I strongly support this ini- put it all together. President and Congress, Secretary of Defense tiative and urge my colleagues to vote for the Mr. DURBIN. Mr. Chairman, I thank Perry writes that ``threats encountered in major McKinney amendment. the gentlewoman. I want to echo her regional conflicts would be standing armies of The CHAIRMAN. The question is on comments. It is a false economy for us foreign powers, armed with mixes of old and the amendment offered by the gentle- modern weapons systems. * * * Thus, U.S. to believe that we are encouraging ex- woman from Georgia [Ms. MCKINNEY]. ports and creating American jobs by forces must be prepared to face a wide variety The question was taken; and the these arms transfers and in question- of systems, including some previously pro- Chairman announced that the noes ap- duced in the United States.'' able situations, because, as the gentle- peared to have it. With its current policy, the United States is woman alludes to, many times we find RECORDED VOTE in the future even greater expenditures bolstering the warfighting capabilities of a sub- Ms. MCKINNEY. Mr. Chairman, I de- are necessary because of this so-called stantial number of those fighting today's con- flicts. It does not take a stroke of genius to re- mand a recorded vote. boomerang effect. We send guns to the A recorded vote was ordered. wrong people. They turn on us. They alize that these capabilities can just as easily be used against U.S. soldiers, sailors, and air- The vote was taken by electronic de- shoot at us and they shoot at our vice, and there were—ayes 157, noes 262, friends. men. It is a sad irony that the current U.S. arms not voting 15, as follows: What the gentlewoman is trying to trade policy confirms the words of cartoonist do is to minimize that possibility. She [Roll No. 351] Walt Kelly's character, Pogo, when he said, has the strong support of so many or- AYES—157 ``We have met the enemy and it is us.'' Abercrombie Gutierrez Owens ganizations, including the U.S. Catho- Mr. MARKEY. Mr. Chairman, I rise today in lic Conference and others, and I hope Ackerman Hall (OH) Pallone strong support of the Code of Conduct on Barrett (WI) Hastings (FL) Pastor my colleagues will take her amend- Arms Transfers and commend my colleague Becerra Hefner Payne (NJ) Beilenson Hilliard ment very seriously and join me in sup- from Georgia, Representative CYNTHIA MCKIN- Pelosi Berman Hinchey Peterson (MN) porting it. NEY, for bringing this important legislation to Ms. FURSE. Mr. Chairman, I rise in support Bishop Horn Pomeroy the floor today. Boehlert Houghton Porter of the Arms Trade Code of Conduct. Since 1990, the United States has been the Bonior Hoyer Poshard The House International Relations Commit- top-selling merchant in the international arms Borski Jackson-Lee Rahall Boucher Jacobs tee nearly passed this historic piece of legisla- Rangel bazaar. We have dominated the global arms Brown (CA) Johnson (SD) Reed tion in its markup last week, where it failed by Brown (OH) Johnston market by sending billions and billions of dol- Reynolds a margin of just 18 to 17. A Gallup Poll re- Bryant (TX) Kanjorski lars worth of all types of weaponry to some of Richardson leased in February found that only 15 percent Cardin Kaptur the world's worst human rights abusers and Clay Kasich Rivers of those queried supported our Government most corrupt and repressive regimes. Sophisti- Clayton Kennedy (MA) Rohrabacher selling military equipment to other countries. cated combat weapons exported from the Clement Kennedy (RI) Rose Roybal-Allard The European Union and the United States United States, such as armored personnel car- Clyburn Kildee together sell 90 percent of the world's weap- Coleman Lantos Rush riers, antitank missiles, and specialized rifles, Collins (IL) Leach Sabo ons. No country has been willing to take uni- have found their way into the hands of notori- Collins (MI) Levin Sanders lateral steps toward control, fearing it will lose ous international troublemakers and fueled Condit Lewis (GA) Sawyer export markets to competitors. Therefore, it is conflicts raging throughout the world. Conyers Lincoln Schiff vital that as the world's leading suppliers, the Costello Lipinski Schroeder Placing short-term economic interests above Coyne LoBiondo Scott European Union, and the United States work crucial security concerns and fundamental Danner Lowey Serrano together to implement restraint. human rights principles has serious con- DeFazio Luther Skaggs Fortunately, the European Parliament has sequences, both for our stature as a world Dellums Maloney Slaughter Diaz-Balart Manton started that process already. In January of this leader and for the safety of U.S. military per- Smith (NJ) Dixon Markey Stark year, the European Parliament passed a reso- sonnel engaged around the world. By cashing Doggett Martinez Stokes lution calling on the European Union to imme- in on profits from arms sales abroad without Dooley McCarthy Studds diately implement a coherent and comprehen- closely scrutinizing potential customers ac- Dornan McDermott Stupak Durbin McHale Tanner sive arms export control policy at the Union cording to criteria like the ones outlined by Ehlers McKinney Thompson Engel Meehan level. A measure similar to this amendment Representative MCKINNEY, we risk incurring Torres Eshoo Meek before us today is being considered by the substantial security and human costs. During Torricelli Evans Menendez European Union at this time. the Gulf war and in Somalia, for example, the Farr Mfume Towns As the world's leading exporter of weaponry, safety of many of our men and women in the Fattah Miller (CA) Traficant the United States has a special responsibility Armed Forces was threatened by weaponry Fields (LA) Mineta Tucker Velazquez to provide global leadership in the area of re- sold by our own Government. Moreover, sky- Filner Minge Flake Mink Vento straint. rocketing arms sales have contributed to re- Foglietta Moakley Volkmer As to the issue of jobs in the United States, gional arms races, which in turn force us to in- Ford Morella Ward we must weigh the limited economic benefits crease spending to deal with greater threats to Frank (MA) Nadler Waters of expanding arms exports against the larger Furse Neal Watt (NC) our national security. Gephardt Oberstar Waxman costs to the economy as a whole. Arms ex- As we continue to adjust to the realities of Gordon Obey Williams ports do nothing to address the fundamental the post-cold-war world, we need to revise our Green Orton Wise H 5528 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE May 24, 1995 Wolf Wyden Yates b 1358 restores the $25,160,000 to the current Woolsey Wynn Zimmer Mr. COX and Mr. DICKS changed funding level of the Food for Develop- NOES—262 their vote from ‘‘aye’’ to ‘‘no.’’ ment United States food assistance Allard Frisa Murtha Messrs. REYNOLDS, DOOLEY, and program for fiscal year 1996 and 1997. Archer Frost Myers EHLERS changed their vote from ‘‘no’’ This is the Food for Peace Program, Armey Funderburk Myrick to ‘‘aye.’’ title III. Bachus Gallegly Nethercutt The current funding is $157 million. Baesler Ganske Neumann So the amendment was rejected. Baker (CA) Gejdenson Ney The result of the vote was announced The legislation before us cuts it to Baker (LA) Gekas Norwood as above recorded. zero. What I am attempting to do is to Baldacci Geren Nussle AMENDMENT OFFERED BY MR. BEREUTER take $25 million from the USIA, the Ballenger Gibbons Ortiz Mr. BEREUTER. Mr. Chairman, I U.S. Information Agency’s education Barcia Gilchrest Oxley Barr Gillmor Packard offer an amendment, amendment No. and cultural exchange programs, and Barrett (NE) Gilman Parker 26. restore at least $25 million to the title Bartlett Gonzalez Paxon The Clerk read as follows: III program. Barton Goodlatte Payne (VA) Amendment offered by BEREUTER: At the The Bereuter amendment helps en- Bass Goodling Petri Bentsen Goss end of the bill, add the following: Pickett sure that U.S. foreign assistance is di- Bereuter Graham Pombo DIVISION D—ADDITIONAL PROVISIONS rected to the world’s most deserving Bevill Greenwood Portman TITLE XLI—PUBLIC LAW 480 Bilbray Gunderson aid recipients, starving people in Pryce Bilirakis Gutknecht SEC. 4001. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS famine- and war-stricken countries. Quillen Bliley Hall (TX) FOR TITLE III. Quinn Mr. Chairman, the U.S. food assist- Blute Hamilton (a) IN GENERAL.—Notwithstanding section ance has been reduced by 24 percent in Boehner Hancock Radanovich 3242 of this Act, there are authorized to be Ramstad Bonilla Harman appropriated $25,000,000 for each of the fiscal the last 2 years. In March the United Bono Hastert Regula States told other food donor countries Riggs years 1996 and 1997 for the provision of agri- Brewster Hastings (WA) cultural commodities under title III of the that we would decrease our minimum Browder Hayes Roberts Brown (FL) Hayworth Roemer Agricultural Trade Development and Assist- commitment of food aid from 4.47 to 2.5 Brownback Hefley Rogers ance Act of 1954 (7 U.S.C. 1727 et seq.). million metric tons. Over the past dec- Bryant (TN) Heineman Ros-Lehtinen (b) AUTHORITY TO TRANSFER AMOUNTS.— ade, the United States has provided be- Bunn Herger Roth Notwithstanding any other provision of law, tween 6.5 and 8 million metric tons. Bunning Hilleary Roukema amounts authorized to be appropriated by Burr Hobson Royce subsection (a) may be used to carry out title The Bereuter amendment, through au- Burton Hoekstra Salmon II of the Agricultural Trade Development thorizing $25 million for the Food for Buyer Hoke Sanford and Assistance Act of 1954 (7 U.S.C. 1721 et Peace Program, still represents a 50- Callahan Holden Saxton Camp Hostettler Schaefer seq.). percent cut in the President’s fiscal Canady Hunter Schumer SEC. 4002. REDUCTION IN AUTHORIZATIONS FOR year 1996 budget request. Castle Hutchinson Seastrand CERTAIN UNITED STATES INFORMA- U.S. food assistance funds are spent Chabot Hyde Sensenbrenner TIONAL, EDUCATIONAL, AND CUL- here in the United States on agricul- Chambliss Inglis Shadegg TURAL PROGRAMS. Chapman Istook Shaw Notwithstanding paragraphs (1) and (3)(F) tural commodities, processing, bag- Chenoweth Jefferson Shays of section 2106 of this Act, the following ging, enrichment, internal transpor- Christensen Johnson (CT) Shuster amounts are authorized to be appropriated tation, port facilities and shipping. My Chrysler Johnson, E. B. Skeen to carry out international information ac- Clinger Johnson, Sam amendment is supported by the mer- Skelton tivities and educational and cultural ex- chant marine organizations. Coble Jones Smith (MI) change programs under the United States In- Coburn Kelly I am pulling the $25 million in this Smith (TX) formation and Educational Exchange Act of Collins (GA) Kennelly Smith (WA) amendment from USIA’s education and Combest Kim 1948, the Mutual Educational and Cultural Solomon Exchange Act of 1961, Reorganization Plan cultural exchange programs and ad- Cooley King Souder Cox Kingston ministrative accounts. The Congres- Spence Number 2 of 1977, the United States Inter- Cramer Klink Spratt national Broadcasting Act of 1994, the Radio sional Quarterly May 6, 1995, article Crane Klug Stearns Broadcasting to Cuba Act, the Television pointed out a $2 billion international Crapo Knollenberg Stenholm Broadcasting to Cuba Act, the Board for Cremeans Kolbe exchange program, ‘‘They have ex- Stockman International Broadcasting Act, the Inspec- Cunningham LaFalce ploded into a hodgepodge of seemingly Stump tor General Act of 1978, the North/South Cen- Davis LaHood duplicative and overlapping overseas de la Garza Largent Talent ter Act of 1991, the national Endowment for Deal Latham Tate Democracy Act, and to carry out other coun- activities.’’ DeLauro LaTourette Tauzin tries in law consistent with such purposes: Mr. Chairman, I think it is an appro- Taylor (MS) DeLay Laughlin (1) SALARIES AND EXPENSES.—For ‘‘Salaries priate place for us to move $25 million Deutsch Lazio Taylor (NC) Tejeda and Expenses’’, $445,645,000 for the fiscal year to the Title III Food for Peace Program Dickey Lewis (CA) 1996 and $423,080,000 for the fiscal year 1997. Dicks Lewis (KY) Thomas so it is not completely zeroed out. It is (3) EDUCATIONAL AND CULTURAL EXCHANGE Dingell Lightfoot Thornberry important for humanitarian reasons. It PROGRAMS.—For ‘‘Hubert H. Humphrey Fel- Doolittle Linder Thornton is important for our domestic purposes, Doyle Livingston Thurman lowship Program’’, ‘‘Edmund S. Muskie Fel- Dreier Lofgren Tiahrt lowship Program’’, ‘‘International Visitors as well, and it keeps a commitment we Duncan Longley Torkildsen Program’’, and ‘‘Mike Mansfield Fellowship have made. It still cuts the President’s Dunn Lucas Upton Program’’, ‘‘Claude and Mildred Pepper request by 50 percent. I think that is Edwards Manzullo Visclosky Vucanovich Scholarship Program of the Washington too much, but $25 million seems to me Ehrlich Martini Workshops Foundation’’, ‘‘Citizen Exchange Emerson Mascara Waldholtz at least to be a start back up the hill. English Matsui Walker Programs’’, ‘‘Congress-Bundestag Exchange I urge my colleagues to strongly sup- Ensign McCollum Walsh Program’’, ‘‘Newly Independent States and port the amendment. Wamp Everett McCrery Eastern Europe Training’’, ‘‘Institute for Mr. Chairman, I yield to the distin- Ewing McHugh Watts (OK) Representative Government’’, and ‘‘Arts Fawell McInnis Weldon (FL) America’’, $67,265,800 for the fiscal year 1996 guished gentleman from Kansas [Mr. Fields (TX) McIntosh Weldon (PA) and $67,341,400 for the fiscal year 1997. ROBERTS], the chairman of the Com- Flanagan McKeon Weller mittee on Agriculture. Foley McNulty White Mr. BEREUTER (during the reading). Forbes Metcalf Whitfield Mr. Chairman, I ask unanimous con- (Mr. ROBERTS asked and was given Fowler Mica Wicker sent that the amendment be considered permission to revise and extend his re- Fox Molinari Wilson as read and printed in the RECORD. marks.) Franks (CT) Mollohan Young (AK) Mr. ROBERTS. Mr. Chairman, I Franks (NJ) Montgomery Young (FL) The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection Frelinghuysen Moorhead Zeliff to the request of the gentleman from thank the gentleman for yielding. Mr. Chairman, I rise in support of the NOT VOTING—15 Nebraska? There was no objection. gentleman’s amendment to restore the Andrews Hansen Moran $25 million in funding for title III of Bateman Kleczka Olver b 1400 the Food for Peace Program. Calvert McDade Peterson (FL) Cubin Meyers Scarborough Mr. BEREUTER. Mr. Chairman, the I think it is essential, as the gen- Fazio Miller (FL) Sisisky budget neutral Bereuter amendment tleman has pointed out, that we fund May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H 5529 all titles of the Food for Peace Pro- Missouri in a second, but I yield to the SEC. 4002. REDUCTION IN AUTHORIZATIONS FOR CERTAIN UNITED STATES INFORMA- gram. The amendment does not in- gentleman from New York [Mr. GIL- TIONAL, EDUCATIONAL, AND CUL- crease spending. Let me emphasize MAN], the chairman. TURAL PROGRAMS. that to all of my colleagues. It cuts Mr. GILMAN. Mr. Chairman, I thank Notwithstanding paragraphs (1), (3)(F), spending responsibly without really the gentleman for yielding. (4)(A), and (5) of section 2106 of this Act, the gutting the program. Mr. Chairman, I just want to join following amounts are authorized to be ap- Last year marked the 40th anniver- with the gentleman from Missouri [Mr. propriated to carry out international infor- mation activities and educational and cul- sary of the Food for Peace Program. It EMERSON] and the gentleman from started in the Eisenhower years. It tural exchange programs under the United Kansas [Mr. ROBERTS] with regard to States Information and Educational Ex- started with a gentleman who formerly their concern on the Public Law 480 change Act of 1948, the Mutual Educational represented the district I have the proposal. We want to make certain and Cultural Exchange Act of 1961, Reorga- privilege of representing now, Mr. Cliff that we keep that at reasonable levels. nization Plan Number 2 of 1977, the United Hope, Sr. It is an important program. I want to States International Broadcasting Act of We on the Committee on Agriculture assure the gentleman we will do our 1944, the Radio Broadcasting to Cuba Act, have a very keen interest in making best to make certain it is going to be the Television Broadcasting to Cuba Act, the the Food for Peace Program as sound effectively administered. Board for International Broadcasting Act, and as effective as possible. We are the Inspector General Act of 1978, the North/ Mr. BEREUTER. Mr. Chairman, I South Center Act of 1991, the National En- going to work very closely with the thank the gentleman for that assur- dowment for Democracy Act, and to carry gentleman from New York [Mr. GIL- ance, and I yield back to the gentleman out other authorities in law consistent with MAN], the chairman, and the gentleman from Missouri. such purposes: from Nebraska [Mr. BEREUTER], and Mr. EMERSON. Mr. Chairman, I (1) SALARIES AND EXPENSES.—For ‘‘Salaries the rest of the committee to see that thank the gentleman for yielding fur- and Expenses’’, $445,645,000 for the fiscal year the Food for Peace Program effectively ther. 1996 and $402,080,000 for the fiscal year 1997. (2) EDUCATIONAL AND CULTURAL EXCHANGE and efficiently meets its goals. Mr. Chairman, I think it is very im- The gentleman from Missouri [Mr. PROGRAMS.—For ‘‘Hubert H. Humphrey Fel- portant to point out that what we are lowship Program’’, ‘‘Edmund S. Muskie Fel- EMERSON], chairman of the Sub- talking about here is fundamental hu- lowship Program’’, ‘‘International Visitors committee on Department Operations, manitarian assistance, food that goes Program’’, ‘‘Mike Mansfield Fellowship Pro- Nutrition, and Foreign Agriculture, in- to people when they are starving to gram’’, ‘‘Claude and Mildred Pepper Scholar- tends to hold hearings on this program. death. We are not talking about pour- ship Program of the Washington Workshops We intend to address any concerns with ing money down a rat hole here, or giv- Foundation’’, ‘‘Citizen Exchange Programs’’, the program as a whole in the 1995 farm ing some Ambassador the opportunity ‘‘Congress-Bundestag Exchange Program’’, bill. ‘‘Newly Independent States and Eastern Eu- with the use of taxpayer dollars to rope Training’’, ‘‘Institute for Representa- I urge support in regards to the Be- build the Taj Mahal. reuter amendment. I thank the gen- tive Government’’, and ‘‘Arts America’’, We are talking about keeping starv- $82,265,800 for the fiscal year 1996 and tleman for his leadership in this re- ing people alive. I think that point $62,341,400 for the fiscal year 1997. gard. needs to be made, and I think an under- (3) RADIO CONSTRUCTION.—For ‘‘Radio Con- Mr. BEREUTER. Mr. Chairman, I standing of the fact that the Food for struction’’, $70,164,000 for the fiscal year 1996 thank the gentleman. Peace Program is part of the foreign and $52,647,000 for the fiscal year 1997. Mr. Chairman, I yield to the gen- (4) INTERNATIONAL BROADCASTING ACTIVI- assistance program is a fact with which tleman from Missouri [Mr. EMERSON]. TIES.—For ‘‘International Broadcasting Ac- most Americans are unfamiliar. Mr. EMERSON. Mr. Chairman, I tivities’’, $311,191,000 for the fiscal year 1996 I mean, most Americans, I believe, thank the gentleman from Nebraska and $246,191,000 for the fiscal year 1997. would think that we are just throwing for yielding. Mr. BROWNBACK (during the read- Mr. Chairman, I, too, rise in strong money willy-nilly around the world for ing). Mr. Chairman, I ask unanimous support of his amendment. I wonder if no good purposes, and I happen to be consent that the amendment be consid- we could have a brief colloquy here. one who believes that most Americans ered as read and printed in the RECORD. I am concerned that the most basic think that when there are people who The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection fundamental humanitarian assistance, are starving, they ought to be fed. to the request of the gentleman from food and medical assistance, be main- I thank the gentleman for his con- Kansas? tained in the posture that it currently tribution to this cause, and I look for- There was no objection. sits; that is to say, immune from poli- ward to continuing to work with him Mr. BROWNBACK. Mr. Chairman, my tics and the whims of the State Depart- to pursue our mutual interests in this amendment has been agreed to by the ment. I would like some assurance that subject area. gentleman from Nebraska [Mr. BEREU- it will remain a tool of the PVO’s who Mr. BEREUTER. Mr. Chairman, I TER] and a copy of it has been shared are so committed in the administration thank the gentleman for his strong with the minority. of the most fundamental humanitarian statement. He is exactly right. This is What my amendment simply does is assistance. the program that ends up putting food it spreads the $25 million in cuts Mr. BEREUTER. Mr. Chairman, I in people’s mouths across the world, in around a little bit further than what would say to the gentleman, we have the most terrible situations that we the Bereuter proposal has. The gen- done our best to assure that in fact we have seen so much in our electronic tleman from Nebraska [Mr. BEREUTER] have an increase in the title II program media. suggests cuts to USIA salaries and ex- which is most important. Sometimes, The gentleman is a former ranking changes, and my amendment would as the gentleman knows, however, we member of the Hunger Committee, he lighten those cuts in the salaries and have to take from the title III program knows well how directly this food as- exchanges areas and broaden the reduc- for those title II-related humanitarian sistance has been provided in Ethiopia tions to radio construction and broad- programs. This amendment I am offer- and Somalia and other places. I thank casting. ing will continue to provide us that the gentleman for his comments. What we are attempting to do by this flexibility. Mr. Chairman, I urge a strong ‘‘aye’’ is to support what the gentleman from The CHAIRMAN. The time of the vote. Nebraska [Mr. BEREUTER] is doing to gentleman from Nebraska [Mr. BEREU- AMENDMENT OFFERED BY MR. BROWNBACK TO put this money into the hunger pro- TER] has expired. THE AMENDMENT OFFERED BY MR. BEREUTER grams, to be able to feed those who are (By unanimous consent, Mr. BEREU- Mr. BROWNBACK. Mr. Chairman, I starving, but spreading around a little TER was allowed to proceed for 2 addi- offer an amendment to the amendment. bit more the cuts in the USIA program. tional minutes.) The Clerk read as follows: That is what my amendment to the Be- Mr. GILMAN. Mr. Chairman, will the Amendment offered by Mr. BROWNBACK to reuter amendment would do. I would gentleman yield? the amendment offered by Mr. BEREUTER: ask for it to be considered. Mr. BEREUTER. Mr. Chairman, I Strike section 4002 of the Bereuter Amend- Mr. BEREUTER. Mr. Chairman, will will come back to the gentleman from ment and insert the following: the gentleman yield? H 5530 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE May 24, 1995 Mr. BROWNBACK. I yield to the gen- es our economic interest in Latin After a decade of economic adjust- tleman from Nebraska. America. This amendment would put ment and reform, many countries in Mr. BEREUTER. Mr. Chairman, I $12 million into a debt relief program Latin American and in the Caribbean thank the gentleman my colleague and for Latin America and the Caribbean. are enjoying their best economic pros- my neighbor for yielding. Yesterday in the course of our de- pects. Policy reforms in these coun- Mr. Chairman, I have no objections bates, we cut money out of a fund tries and the resulting economic stabil- to the additional flexibility he provides called International Organizations, ity encouraged will help our economic to USIA and where those cuts must which is dues-assessed, International ties with these countries. Total trade come to make this basic amendment Organizations. I wan to take a portion between the United States and Latin budget neutral. I thank him for his ini- of that money, $12 million, and put it America and the Caribbean has grown tiative. toward debt relief. since 1987. There has been a steady Mr. BROWNBACK. Mr. Chairman, I believe in so doing we can advance growth in terms of both imports and with that, I would hope that we could our economic interests. One of the exports. vote on this because I think it does do things I said a little earlier today was Latin America is the fastest-growing what most people would like, let the this: that in a post-cold war era, we U.S. export market in the world, and USIA agency be able to take care of have to understand that our foreign the only region where the United this within its own, and that would be policy ought to advance our interests. States now enjoys a trade surplus. then supportive of the Bereuter amend- We have specific interests in the West- Open markets also promote economic ment to put $25 million in additional ern Hemisphere in terms of encourag- development in poor Latin American food aid program. ing and expanding trade opportunities. countries. This will help them stem the Mr. GILMAN. Mr. Chairman, will the Why? Because these trade opportuni- flow of illegal immigration to the Unit- gentleman yield? ties in our own backyard can create ed States. My colleagues are going to Mr. BROWNBACK. I yield to the gen- jobs in the United States. But unfortu- hear my colleagues from across the tleman from New York. nately the debt burden in many of our aisle say well, perhaps these are laud- Mr. GILMAN. Mr. Chairman, I thank neighboring countries in Latin Amer- able goals, but we just cannot afford it, the gentleman for yielding. ica and the Caribbean is a major factor but I think that argument misses the Mr. Chairman, I urge my colleagues in inhibiting economic growth and de- boat. In the business of economic trade and to support the proposed amendment by creases the absorptive capacity. In foreign policy we have to promote our the gentleman from Kansas [Mr. other words, they cannot trade with us long-term interests. It is terribly BROWNBACK] that has been accepted by because they are paying off these very shortsighted not to spend this small the gentleman from Nebraska [Mr. BE- old debts. A debt relief program would amount of money, only $12 million REUTER], the proponent of the amend- help address this concern. from our own backyard to ultimately ment. To be eligible for this program, these countries would have to meet specific create jobs for our own people. The CHAIRMAN. The question is on They can either spend the money on economic and political criteria in- the amendment offered by the gen- debt service or they can spend the cluded in existing legislation for the tleman from Kansas [Mr. BROWNBACK] money buying U.S. products. Debt re- to the amendment offered by the gen- region. duction, especially for heavily indebted These requirements include an IMF tleman from Nebraska [Mr. BEREUTER]. countries of the Caribbean basin, will program, a World Bank program, sig- The amendment to the amendment send an important signal of U.S. com- was agreed to. nificant investment reform and nor- mitment to democratically elected The CHAIRMAN. The question is on malized relations with commercial governments in the region. the amendment offered by the gen- creditors. In addition, eligible coun- I would like to urge all Members of tleman from Nebraska [Mr. BEREUTER], tries must have governments which the House to consider the importance as amended. have been democratically elected, are of our regional neighbors, to consider The amendment, as amended, was not in gross violation of human rights, the importance of trade in terms of our agreed to. and have supported our efforts to com- long-term economic picture, and begin AMENDMENT OFFERED BY MR. WYNN bat narcotics and terrorism. In other to think of foreign policy as a Mr. WYNN. Mr. Chairman, I offer an words, we want to deal with friendly, proactive endeavor and not just a reac- amendment. democratic countries that are working tive endeavor and not just an area The Clerk read as follows: with us and have normalized economic where we can find some savings here. conditions. Amendment offered by Mr. WYNN: In sec- I think in that context Members will tion 3414 of the bill (in subsection (e) of sec- Why are we doing this? Debt reduc- find this amendment is certainly rea- tion 711 of the Foreign Assistance Act of tion provides a catalyst for Caribbean sonable, modest in the amount of 1961)— and Latin American countries under- money involved, but the long-term in- (1) in paragraph (1) of such subsection (e), taking economic reforms and libera- vestment will certainly serve Ameri- strike ‘‘$3,000,000’’ and insert ‘‘$15,000,000’’; tion programs. ca’s economic interests. (2) redesignate paragraph (2) of such sub- b 1415 Mr. GILMAN. Mr. Chairman, I move section as paragraph (3); and to strike the last word. (3) insert after paragraph (1) of such sub- Debt reduction is specifically impor- section the following new paragraph: (Mr. GILMAN asked and was given tant for small countries in the Carib- permission to revise and extend his re- ‘‘(2) USE OF AMOUNTS FOR LATIN AMERICA bean, where most debt is bilateral. In AND THE CARIBBEAN.—Of the amounts author- marks.) ized to be appropriated under paragraph (1) Jamaica, for example, debt service con- Mr. GILMAN. Mr. Chairman, this is a for fiscal years 1996 and 1997, $12,000,000 for tinues to consume more than 49 per- budget-breaking amendment. It simply each such fiscal year shall be made available cent of the government’s budget. Debt adds money to the bill without reduc- for the sale, reduction, and cancellation of relief will accelerate trade links by ing funding elsewhere. loans, or portions thereof, for countries in freeing vital foreign exchange reserves The gentleman from Ohio [Mr. KA- Latin America and the Caribbean. that otherwise would have be used for SICH] gave us clear direction to cut this Mr. WYNN (during the reading). Mr. debt service. These reserves can now be bill, and we did so yesterday under the Chairman, I ask unanimous consent used to import products from the Unit- Brownback amendment by reducing that the amendment be considered as ed States. our spending by an additional over $400 read and printed in the RECORD. For example, with 70 cents of each million. This amendment earmarks The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection dollar buying U.S. goods and services funds. The distinguished chairman of to the request of the gentleman from in the Caribbean, debt reduction in the the Committee on Appropriations, Mr. Maryland? region can stimulate significant U.S. LIVINGSTON, has made it clear to all of There was no objection. exports. Think about that, 70 cents of us that the Committee on Appropria- Mr. WYNN. Mr. Chairman, the every dollar in that region is spent on tions would oppose such earmarks. amendment I am proposing today is a our goods and services. We need to do Furthermore, the gentleman from very straightforward one that address- business with them. Maryland [Mr. WYNN] is seeking to add May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H 5531 funds to a new and untested program. need markets in Latin America and the and the fine line we drew was to start And I would like to note that already Caribbean. It seems to me our directive this program and authorize it at 1996 in the bill we authorized $3 million for to appropriators ought to be this is a and 1997 levels at $3 million, and what fiscal year 1996, and $3 million for fiscal worthwhile purpose. It does not bust the gentleman wants to do in this year 1997, to do what the gentleman is the budget. It does not exceed what we amendment is add $12 million onto suggesting. It is a total of $6 million came out of committee with. that. This is in the wrong direction, so for an initial start on this program to Mr. GILMAN. If I may reclaim my I would have to be constrained to ask begin operations in a limited way. time, once again I would like to submit the House to vote against this particu- Accordingly, I urge my colleagues to that the gentleman has a worthy pur- lar amendment. oppose the Wynn amendment even pose, but he has not provided any off- The CHAIRMAN. The question is on though it has a worthy endeavor as its set. Mr. BROWNBACK’s measure put us the amendment offered by the gen- objective. in conformance with the budget so we tleman from Maryland [Mr. WYNN]. Mr. WYNN. Mr. Chairman, will the would not meet a budgetary problem. The question was taken; and the gentleman yield? Moreover we are trying to work very Chairman announced that the noes ap- Mr. GILMAN. I yield to the gen- closely with the Committee on Appro- peared to have it. tleman from Maryland. priations so we are not spinning our RECORDED VOTE Mr. WYNN. Mr. Chairman, I thank wheels here and so our authorization the gentleman for yielding. Let me em- measure will be finally met with ap- Mr. WYNN. Mr. Chairman, I demand phasize first to my colleagues the proval by the Committee on Appropria- a recorded vote. amount of money that I am proposing tions. A recorded vote was ordered. to expend is less that the amount of So, I think since this is a new pro- The vote was taken by electronic de- money that was in the bill when it gram, I will be pleased to work with vice, and there were—ayes 125, noes 297, came out of committee. There is not the gentleman in the future to see if we not voting 12, as follows: one nickel more than came out of the can work out a better method of fund- [Roll No. 352] committee in its original form. ing for the gentleman’s worthy objec- AYES—125 Had I gone ahead of the gentleman tive. Abercrombie Gephardt Owens from Kansas [Mr. BROWNBACK] yester- Mr. HAMILTON. Mr. Chairman, I Ackerman Gonzalez Pallone day, I would have proposed moving $12 move to strike the requisite number of Andrews Gutierrez Pastor million out of the international organi- words. Barrett (WI) Hall (OH) Payne (NJ) Becerra Hamilton Pelosi zations account. Unfortunately, be- Mr. Chairman, I rise in support of Beilenson Hastings (FL) Rangel cause he moved ahead of me, he took this amendment. I think the gentleman Bentsen Hefner Reed $400 million out across the board. I am from Maryland is making a very wor- Berman Hilliard Reynolds only suggesting that of that $400 mil- thy initiative here. What you have in Bishop Hinchey Richardson Bonior Hoyer Rose lion he would remove that we preserve the context of the total bill is very, Brown (CA) Jackson-Lee Roybal-Allard $12 million to advance our economic in- very sharp reductions for all of Latin Brown (FL) Jefferson Rush terests in the region. But clearly this America. There is very little in this Brown (OH) Johnson, E. B. Sabo Bryant (TX) Johnston is not a budget-buster in any form or bill which sends a favorable signal to Sawyer Cardin Kennedy (MA) Schumer Clay Kennedy (RI) fashion. Latin America. The gentleman from Scott Clayton LaFalce I would have to reiterate to the Maryland is merely requesting $12 mil- Serrano Clement Lantos Skaggs chairman that I believe that this is lion, as he has requested. Clyburn Lewis (GA) Slaughter also an opportune time to advance our This is a terribly important amend- Coleman Lofgren Stark Collins (IL) Lowey interests in that region. ment from the standpoint of the Carib- Stokes It seems to me that all of our foreign bean. Our economic interests in that Collins (MI) Maloney Coyne Manton Studds policy positions to date have been reac- region are growing very, very rapidly de la Garza Markey Tejeda tive. Nothing has been done to advance and the gentleman from Maryland has DeLauro Martinez Thompson or leverage the direction in which we Dellums Matsui Thurman called that to our attention again and Torres want to go. Nothing has been done to Deutsch McKinney again, and that is one of the fastest- Dicks Meek Torricelli create new jobs or new trade markets. growing markets for us in the world. Dixon Menendez Towns Mr. GILMAN. If I may reclaim my So the $12 million is a very modest Doggett Mfume Tucker time from the gentleman, the gen- move, it is an important signal to Dooley Miller (CA) Velazquez Edwards Mineta Vento tleman I think is incorrect in that he countries that are much neglected in Engel Mink Visclosky does specifically add $6 million to this this bill, and I commend him for it and Evans Moakley Waters proposal, without any offsets. So that I support the amendment. Farr Mollohan Watt (NC) creates a budgetary problem for us, and Mr. ROTH. Mr. Chairman, I move to Fattah Moran Waxman Filner Murtha Williams it is for that reason that we are oppos- strike the requisite number of words. Flake Nadler Wilson ing the gentleman’s amendment. Mr. Chairman, I would just like to Foglietta Neal Wise Mr. WYNN. If the gentleman will follow up on Chairman GILMAN’s re- Frank (MA) Oberstar Woolsey Frost Olver Wynn yield further, I would say that all of mark that this may well be a worthy Gejdenson Ortiz Yates the money I am proposing to spend purpose, but I want the people of this comes out of the money that the gen- House to know that we already have $3 NOES—297 tleman from Kansas [Mr. BROWNBACK] million authorized for 1996 and 1997 for Allard Boehner Chrysler has already cut, so it is not any addi- Archer Bonilla Clinger this program. What this amendment Armey Bono Coble tional money added on. The money has would do is to add another $12 million Bachus Borski Coburn already been cut. I am just suggesting to this bill, and that is going in the Baesler Boucher Collins (GA) it be moved into a second area. wrong direction. We need to go in the Baker (CA) Brewster Combest Baker (LA) Browder Condit Let me make one comment about ap- opposite direction. Baldacci Brownback Cooley propriations. I feel very strongly about I will soon be offering an amendment Ballenger Bryant (TN) Costello this. This is an authorization bill. We to make some additional cuts, but Barcia Bunn Cox are the Committee on International while this may be a worthy purpose, it Barr Bunning Cramer Barrett (NE) Burr Crane Relations. We are the ones who ought would earmark some $12 million addi- Bartlett Burton Crapo to set foreign policy that we rec- tional for Latin America. And as I Barton Buyer Cremeans ommend to our colleagues in the Con- mentioned, we already have authorized Bass Callahan Cunningham Bateman Camp Danner gress. We should not let the appropri- in 1996 and 1997 $3 million to authorize Bereuter Canady Davis ators dictate to us what direction this this program. So we are going along Bevill Castle Deal money should be spent. The purpose of with the Treasury initiative. That is Bilbray Chabot DeFazio the authorizing bill is just the oppo- why we authorized the program. Bilirakis Chambliss DeLay Bliley Chapman Diaz-Balart site, to give direction in terms of our There are many, many good pro- Blute Chenoweth Dickey priorities. We studied this issue. We grams, but we have to draw fine lines, Boehlert Christensen Dingell H 5532 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE May 24, 1995 Doolittle Kasich Rahall DOGGETT changed their vote from ‘‘no this Member cannot support a program Dornan Kelly Ramstad Doyle Kennelly Regula to ‘‘aye.’’ to give non-refugees the rights and Dreier Kildee Riggs So the amendment was rejected. privileges of bona-fide political refu- Duncan Kim Rivers The result of the vote was announced gees. Dunn King Roberts as above recorded. Durbin Kingston Roemer The language in this section appears Ehlers Klink Rogers PERSONAL EXPLANATION to be doing just that by calling for the Ehrlich Klug Rohrabacher Mr. GENE GREEN of Texas. Mr. bulk of the 47,000 Indochinese in the Emerson Knollenberg Ros-Lehtinen Chairman, I was unavoidably detained English Kolbe Roth camps to be, and I quote, ‘‘offered re- Ensign LaHood Roukema and was not able to vote on the Wynn settlement outside of their countries or Eshoo Largent Royce amendment, rollcall No. 352. Had I been origin.’’ Another fundamental issue in Everett Latham Salmon present, I would have voted ‘‘yes’’. Ewing LaTourette Sanders this debate is the role of the U.N. High Fawell Laughlin Sanford b 1445 Commissioner for Refugees. The legis- Fields (LA) Lazio Saxton lation suggests that UNHCR can no Fields (TX) Leach Scarborough AMENDMENT OFFERED BY MR. BEREUTER longer be trusted to make fair and ob- Flanagan Levin Schaefer Mr. BEREUTER. Mr. Chairman, I Foley Lewis (CA) Schiff jective refugee determinations. If that Forbes Lewis (KY) Schroeder offer an amendment. is what the drafters intended, then I Ford Lightfoot Seastrand The Clerk read as follows: would ask them who should take over Fowler Lincoln Sensenbrenner Amendment offered by Mr. BEREUTER: In Fox Linder Shadegg this international refugee determina- section 2104(a)(1)(A) (relating to authoriza- Franks (CT) Lipinski Shaw tion role, the United States? Clearly, Franks (NJ) Livingston Shays tions of appropriations for migration and ref- we cannot fill the breach. This is a Frelinghuysen LoBiondo Shuster ugee assistance) strike ‘‘$560,000,000’’ and in- Frisa Longley Sisisky sert ‘‘$590,000,000’’. very dangerous precedent, which could Funderburk Lucas Skeen In section 2104 strike subsection (a)(4), sub- undermine future refugee efforts world- Furse Luther Skelton section (b), and subsection (d). wide. Gallegly Manzullo Smith (MI) In section 2104 redesignate subsection (c) Ganske Martini Smith (NJ) Let me take a minute to point out as subsection (b). Gekas Mascara Smith (TX) the problems I see with the existing Geren McCarthy Smith (WA) Mr. BEREUTER (during the reading). language in the bill. Section 2104 calls Gibbons McCollum Solomon Mr. Chairman, I ask unanimous con- Gilchrest McCrery Souder for the resettlement of tens of thou- Gillmor McHale Spence sent that the amendment be considered sands of Indochinese economic mi- Gilman McHugh Spratt as read and printed in the RECORD. grants to the United States. While the Goodlatte McInnis Stearns The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection Goodling McIntosh Stenholm language does not name the United Gordon McKeon Stockman to the request of the gentleman from States explicitly as the resettlement Goss Meehan Stump Nebraska? country, there should be no misunder- Graham Metcalf Stupak There was no objection. standing about it—no other country Greenwood Mica Talent (Mr. BEREUTER asked and was Gunderson Miller (FL) Tanner would take them. The Governments of Gutknecht Minge Tate given permission to revise and extend Canada and Australia, also home to Hall (TX) Molinari Tauzin his remarks.) thousands of Indochinese refugees, Hancock Montgomery Taylor (MS) Mr. BEREUTER. Mr. Chairman, this Harman Moorhead Taylor (NC) have told my office that they and the Hastert Morella Thomas Member rises to offer an amendment to other resettlement countries would not Hastings (WA) Myers Thornberry section 2104 of H.R. 1561, along with my be willing to take any of the screened Hayes Myrick Thornton colleagues, Mr. LAMAR SMITH and Mr. out from the camps. Hayworth Nethercutt Tiahrt OBEY, which would restore common Hefley Neumann Torkildsen sense to the bill’s handling of the 47,000 In addition to the immigration prob- Heineman Ney Traficant lems that this language would cause Herger Norwood Upton Indochinese asylum seekers in refugee Hilleary Nussle Volkmer camps in Southeast Asia. While the is- us, there are some real dangers in this Hobson Obey Vucanovich sues here are, in one sense, emotional legislation for the asylum seekers Hoekstra Orton Waldholtz themselves. I must say that I have Hoke Oxley Walker and complex, the justification for our Holden Packard Walsh amendment can be boiled down to one been somewhat surprised at the Horn Parker Wamp short sentence. Economic migrants breadth and depth of concern about the Hostettler Paxon Ward have no claim to resettlement in the legislation among the non-government Houghton Payne (VA) Watts (OK) organizations which advocate refugee Hunter Peterson (MN) Weldon (FL) United States as political refugees and Hutchinson Petri Weldon (PA) should return to their home countries. rights and interests. Not only the U.N. Hyde Pickett Weller The Bereuter-Obey-Lamar Smith High Commissioner for Refugees, but Inglis Pombo White also the U.S. Committee on Refugees, Istook Pomeroy Whitfield amendment would allow the repatri- Jacobs Porter Wicker ation of Indochinese in Southeast Save and Children, World Vision, World Johnson (CT) Portman Wolf Asian camps who have been determined Education, World Learning, and the Johnson (SD) Poshard Wyden by the U.N. High Commissioner on Ref- Southeast Asian Resource Action Cen- Johnson, Sam Pryce Young (AK) ter have all make issued statements Jones Quillen Young (FL) ugees to have no, I repeat no, claim to Kanjorski Quinn Zeliff refugee status. These migrants—at opposing major elements of this sec- Kaptur Radanovich Zimmer least 12,000 of whom are North Viet- tion. Many other groups have raised NOT VOTING—12 namese—have been screened out by the similar concerns with us orally. These NGO’s with many years of direct expe- Calvert Green McDermott UNHCR, i.e., they have been declared Conyers Hansen McNulty economic migrants, not political refu- rience working with Indochinese asy- Cubin Kleczka Meyers gees. lum seekers, have convinced me that Fazio McDade Peterson (FL) Let me make one crucial point so the bill as written holds the following dangers. 1445 there is no misunderstanding about the intent of this amendment. Since our This provision could prompt a new The Clerk announced the following departure from Vietnam in 1975 the exodus of Indochinese seeking entry pairs: On this vote: United States has resettled more than into the United States, putting them Mr. Conyers for, Mr. Calvert against. 1 million Indochinese refugees. This at risk on the high seas and swelling Mr. Gene Green of Texas for, Mrs. Cubin Member has always supported that ef- the refugee camp populations. My col- against. fort and continues to believe the Unit- leagues, you should be aware that last Ms. ESHOO changed her vote from ed States must offer refuge to bona fide year, as reported in the New York ‘‘aye’’ to ‘‘no.’’ political refugees who have a well Times, more than a thousand Vietnam- Messrs. MARTINEZ, HILLIARD, and founded fear of persecution in Indo- ese took to the sea when a false rumor PALLONE, Ms. DELAURO, Mrs. MINK china, as elsewhere. This Member will was spread that Japan was offering em- of Hawaii, and Messrs. WILSON, work with others concerned about fair ployment opportunities. The bill’s mes- ORTIZ, BARRETT of Wisconsin, and treatment of legitimate refugees, but sage of hope for resettlement in the May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H 5533 United States would likely have a simi- AMENDMENT OFFERED BY MR. SMITH OF NEW stances of local officials demanding lar effect on large numbers of Vietnam- JERSEY TO THE AMENDMENT OFFERED BY MR. money and sexual favors from refugees ese. BEREUTER as a condition of favorable screening. The UNHCR and the refugee groups Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. Mr. Chair- And to the surprise of no one, almost have expressed fears that the provision man, I offer an amendment to the nobody now is a refugee. would increase the chance for violence amendment. The Lawyers Committee for Human in refugee camps by giving the 47,000 The Clerk read as follows: Rights visited and did in-depth analy- asylum seekers false hope for resettle- Amendment offered by Mr. SMITH of New sis of the refugee process in Hong ment in the United States when the Jersey to the amendment offered by Mr. BE- Kong. Their conclusion, after looking REUTER: Strike everything after countries where the camps are located over several hundred cases, was the fol- ‘‘$590,000,000’’, and insert the following: lowing: The entire screening process are unlikely to give us access to them In section 2104(a)(4) (relating to authoriza- and, even if they did, many of the asy- tions of appropriations for the resettlement and review procedures remain seriously lum seekers would not be eligible for of Vietnamese, Laotians, and Cambodians) flawed. The process remains hostile to resettlement. strike ‘‘There’’ and all that follows through genuine refugees. Several international The bill would cause the absolute col- ‘‘who—’’ and insert ‘‘Of the amounts author- standards were ignored. Hundreds, per- ized to be appropriated for fiscal year 1996 haps thousands, of Vietnamese refugees lapse of voluntary repatriation through under paragraph (1) there are authorized to which 72,000 Indochinese have already have been wrongly rejected. be appropriated such amounts as are Because of unfair screening and de- returned home without evidence of per- necessary for the admission and resettle- fective screening, Mr. Chairman, our secution. Now asylum seekers who can ment, within numerical limitations pro- tax dollars are about to pay to send demonstrate that the negative screen- vided by law for refugee admissions, of per- back soldiers who served for years in ing decision of the UNHCR was mis- sons who—’’ reeducation camps. They are going to taken can request reconsideration from At the end of section 2104 add the following send back anti-Communists, writers U.S. officials or other resettlement new subsection: (e) STATUTORY CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in and poets, members of the underground countries in Vietnam. this section may be construed to require or resistance movement, and even people Finally, for my colleagues who have permit an increase in the number of refugee who work for the CIA. an interest in refugee issues in other admissions for fiscal year 1996 from the nu- parts of the world, you should under- merical limitation for refugee admissions for b 1500 stand that this section would reduce fiscal year 1995. They are going to send back Buddhist the funds available for other refugee Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. Mr. Chair- monks whose temples were shut down programs, such as for bona fide refu- man, this amendment perfects the lan- because they would not join the official gees from the former Soviet Union and guage of section 2104, which protects church and Catholic nuns whose con- Eastern Europe, by earmarking $30 certain high-risk refugees from forced vents were violated. That is what U.S. million dollars to resettle economic repatriation to Vietnam, Laos, and taxpayers will pay for if the underlying migrants from Vietnam, Cambodia, and Cambodia. This bill, as it currently amendment is adopted. Laos. Moreover, by conditioning use of stands, contains important language Mr. Chairman, a core provision of the these funds on unmeetable conditions, that will prevent United States tax CPA, the comprehensive plan of action, it is likely that the funding would dis- dollars from being spent for the forc- that has been deep-sixed, was that re- appear completely and not be available ible repatriation to Vietnam and Laos patriation to Vietnam and Laos was to for any refugee programs. of people who fought side by side with be strictly voluntary. The idea was In closing, let me reiterate what the American forces. that the United Nations would work Bereuter-Obey-Lamar Smith Amend- Under current U.S. law, these people with governments of these countries to ment would do. It would: are refugees, and they are also our make sure that it was safe, and then Stop the resettlement of Indochinese friends. They should not be forced back would work to convince the people in economic migrants in the United to the places where they were per- the camps that it was safe for them to States. secuted, but, at the very least, U.S. tax return. Unfortunately, some of the peo- dollars should not be spent to force ple who returned were persecuted. In Make full refugee funding available them back. Thousands of people who Laos some were even killed. for bona fide political refugees, for ex- served on our side in the war and were The U.N. monitoring program con- ample from the Former Soviet Union later persecuted by the Communists on sists of only eight monitors for all of and Eastern Europe. account of such service are now being Vietnam and two for the country of Prevent a new outflow of boat people detained in camps throughout South- Laos, along with support staff that has from Indochina seeking entry into the east Asia. The camps also hold Catho- been hired through the Communist United States. lics, Protestants, Buddhists punished governments of these countries. So Allow the international voluntary re- for religious observance, and others they have been unable to check up on patriation program to proceed with who served time in reeducation camps most of the people who were returned. U.S. assistance and under close U.S. or new economic zones for their anti- Wonders of wonders, with govern- monitoring. communist views or activities. ment people interacting as translators Assist U.S. nongovernment agencies Despite the strength of their claim to and being there as part of this process, monitoring the migrants who have re- refugee status, almost all of these peo- they never seemed to have discovered a turned home to ensure that they are ple are scheduled for repatriation to single instance of persecution. I would not persecuted. Vietnam and Laos within the next few ask my friends if you were in the situa- Maintain U.S. refugee policy that months under a scheme known as the tion of having been sent back against only bona fide political refugees enter comprehensive plan of action. I suppose your will, and a so-called observer as refugees. the comprehensive plan of action comes in, or repatriation monitor, to [CPA] was intended as a sincere effort talk to you, and with that person hap- Support an international consensus to deal humanely with the Vietnamese pens to be a translator hired by the on refugee determination and process- boat people. Unfortunately, it has government, are you going to talk ing that prevents the United States turned out to be just the opposite. about harassment, knowing when they from having to bear the full brunt of First, the responsibility for deciding walk out the door you are going to be refugee programs all over the world. who is and who is not a refugee, which probably mistreated? Stop yet another example of refugee used to be done by United States and It reminds me of the visits to the decisions being made without regard to U.N. refugee interviewers, was trans- POW camps during the Vietnam war costs for local communities to educate, ferred to local immigration officials when people would go over there to train and assist the refugees. who had no real experience or training. Vietnam, Hanoi, and elsewhere, and I request your support for the Bereu- Big mistake. Some of the interviewers would meet with our prisoners. They ter-Obey-Lamar Smith amendment to were not only incompetent but also would be told stories that there is no the refugee provisions of H.R. 1561 corrupt. There are well-documented in- torture. Of course, those prisoners, our H 5534 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE May 24, 1995 POW’s would not talk of torture. They that should be resettled has been reset- know that. But the fact is that section would only go back to even more tor- tled. 2104 of this bill, in the original bill, ture had they spoken the truth. Mr. Chairman, I do hope that Mem- sets aside $30 million specifically for One of our POW’s, you might recall, bers will support the Smith amend- the purpose of admitting for resettle- ingenuously with his eyes flashed out ment to the Bereuter amendment. It ment in the United States thousands of ‘‘torture’’ in Morse Code, getting the has the support of a number of organi- Southeast Asian refugees who do not word out that indeed they were using zations in the refugee communities qualify for legitimate refugee status. It torture against these people. who are adamantly opposed to the Be- also creates artificial incentives for Mr. Chairman, somehow the people in reuter amendment and have come out those people to come to the United the camp with this situation just do as such within the last couple of days, States rather than return to their not believe there has not been a single the list of which I will talk about fur- homeland, because it in effect cuts off instance of persecution. ther. any aid to Southeast Asians who want The CHAIRMAN. The time of the Mr. HYDE. Mr. Chairman, I rise in to return to their homeland and need gentleman from New Jersey [Mr. support of the Smith perfecting amend- tiny amounts of help to do so. SMITH] has expired. ment. In my view, that is wrong-headed. (By unanimous consent, Mr. SMITH of (Mr. HYDE asked and was given per- The amendment that Mr. BEREUTER New Jersey was allowed to proceed for mission to revise and extend his re- and Mr. SMITH and I are trying to offer 4 additional minutes.) marks.) would eliminate that section of the Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. Mr. Chair- Mr. HYDE. Mr. Chairman, I will be bill. man, so the CPA soon ran out of volun- very brief. This is not a simple prob- Now, I am supporting and offering teers. They then began selecting people lem, but I think one of the darkest this amendment with these other two to volunteer and imprisoning them chapters in our country’s history in gentlemen for two reasons: First of all, when they refused. Sometimes they this century was called Operation Keel- I think the committee provision really just dragged them into airplanes, haul. It occurred in Europe after World breaks an international agreement sometimes literally kicking and War II when defecting Russians who which was made by the United States screaming. If they know someone is were amassed in camps were forcibly with 78 other countries. It makes no going to resist, they may tranquilize repatriated in boxcars back, to return distinction between legitimate politi- him or her before putting them on the and never to be seen again. Our troops cal refugees and persons who simply plane. and our soldiers at gunpoint forced So the CPA has become a looking want to come to the United States for these people, who had fled from the economic reasons. It also, I would glass world in which refugees are not tyranny of the Soviet Union, back into refugees and voluntary repatriation is point out, leaves local communities these boxcars. As I say, they were holding the bag for the cost of educat- not voluntary. Yet the United States never seen again. has given over $150 million during the ing and training refugees who can often Forcibly repatriating people who be very difficult to resettle and train, last 6 years. The language now in sec- have fled from their own homeland is tion 2104 that has been put there by because some of them, for instance, do an atrocious act. We ought not to not even have a written language. myself and my good friend, the gen- countenance it. We ought to help peo- I want to get into the case of the tleman from New York [Mr. GILMAN], ple who have risked the seas and pi- Hmong, for instance. The United the chairman of our committee, and rates and risked their lives to flee to States Government has allowed more other members of our subcommittee, what they thought was a safe haven, than 120,000 of the 400,000 Hmong who would cut further funding to the CPA and then finding that we are partici- were living in Laos in 1975 to enter this unless the United Nations and other pating in forcibly repatriating them. countries involved agree to fix the pro- These people deserve better. It is a country. There was a very good reason gram, to provide resettlement opportu- matter of honor. They worked with us, for the United States doing that. The nities for a limited number of high-risk they fought with us, they moved where Hmong had done our dirty work in refugees, again the old soldiers, the we are, the land of liberty and freedom. Laos during the Vietnam War. When nuns and others with compelling cases, We are not asking that they be repatri- the government collapsed, we allowed within existing refugee allotments. ated to America. We are asking only many of them to come into this coun- Mr. Chairman, the amendment I am that they not be forcibly returned to try because of the service they had pro- offering today is a perfecting amend- the places from which they fled. vided to the United States during the ment to meet the objections raised by A person born in a faraway country war. some, making it absolutely clear that loves their homeland. If they could re- I understand that. But I would point this language in the bill would not turn, they would. But these people face out that the obligation that the United mean the admission of large numbers all sort of dangers. They lived in reedu- States has to recognize what people of immigrants or even refugees. It pro- cation camps. They have finally es- like the Hmong did for us is an obliga- vides explicitly that the provision caped. Now we are going to forcibly re- tion of the Federal Government. It is should not be construed either to re- patriate them? I hope my country not an obligation of the county govern- quire or to permit an expansion of the never does that. If people want to leave ment, it is not an obligation of the mu- numerical limitation on refugees be- tyranny and leave abuse and move to- nicipal government. In fact, what we yond the number that it was allocated wards the light of freedom, we should have now is the Federal Government in for 1995. It gives the State Department facilitate that, not inhibit it. effect posing for political holy pictures more flexibility in its refugee budget So I strongly support, and I do not by allowing into this country all of the by eliminating separate authorization criticize Mr. BEREUTER or Mr. OBEY or refugees that we can allow in, but then of funds for resettlement of people. Mr. SMITH, they are as well-intentioned transferring the responsibility to pay The State Department has been lob- as anybody can be. But I just think for the cost of those refugees to the bying very hard against this provision. they are dead wrong. We ought never States and local government. I do not But after my perfecting amendment, at the point of a gun or barbed wire or believe that is an equitable arrange- the only thing to say to the State De- anything else force people to go back ment. partment is take a hard look at these from whence they have fled in terror. It seems to me that if this committee people in high-risk categories. If they So I hope the Smith amendment is wants to create the impression that it are refugees under U.S. law, we should adopted. is allowing any and all refugees under not hide behind an inadequate third Mr. OBEY. Mr. Chairman, I rise in this amendment to enter this country, country screening to pay for them to opposition to the Smith perfecting then they ought to be guaranteeing be forced back to persecution; second, amendment. that the Federal Government in fact is no more money for the repatriation Mr. Chairman, I take a back seat to going to meet its responsibility by program until you can certify that it no one in this institution in terms of sharing the costs of educating and has been fixed and everyone has been my concern about decent treatment for training those refugees. If it does not, given a fair screening and everyone refugees. I think all who know me the Federal Government is welching on May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H 5535 its commitment not only to those refu- Mr. DAVIS. Mr. Chairman, I move to corroborated by her mother superior, gees, but to local communities as well. strike the last word. who also eventually escaped to the I would also point out that if you (Mr. DAVIS asked and was given per- United States and is hospitalized adopt the Smith amendment to the Be- mission to revise and extend his re- through the effects of the torture she reuter-Obey-Smith amendment, what marks.) underwent while in prison. you are doing in effect is creating false Mr. DAVIS. Mr. Chairman, I rise in Another individual called Captain expectations and making a shambles of support of the Smith amendment. Tran was an officer in the Army of the what an orderly refugee process is sup- Mr. Chairman, many of the Vietnam- Republic of South Vietnam. He served posed to be. ese boat people and Hmong asylum side by side with American troops. I do not favor forcing a single refugee seekers in Southeast Asia are facing After 1975, he managed to evade cap- back into their original country if they imminent deportation to communist ture and joined an underground anti- do not want to go. I believe even in the Vietnam and Laos. Many of them have Communist resistance movement. case of refugees who have initially de- been severely persecuted because of Eventually the movement was uncov- termined they want to go back to their their U.S. ties during the war or be- ered by the Communist authorities. country of origin, that in the case of cause of their political or religious be- Many of its members were tracked the Hmong, which is the one case I liefs. However, many of them have been down, viciously tortured, and executed. know pretty intimately, it seems to me unfairly denied refugee status by local The members of the movement who they ought to be given a chance to governments under a screening pro- managed to escape then plotted the as- change their minds so that there can gram established by the United Na- sassination of the Communist officer be no doubt that the United States is tions High Commissioner for Refugees who had ordered the torture and not forcibly repatriating a single refu- and heavily funded by the U.S. Govern- extrajudicial killings. Captain Tran gee. ment. This screening program is rife eventually escaped from Vietnam. But I did my graduate thesis on Oper- with corruption and other fundamental the Hong Kong authorities found him ation Keelhaul. I am very familiar with flaws. Among those already denied ref- to be credible. They agreed that he had it. It was an outrageous chapter in ugee status, there are some 100 reli- reason to fear punishment by the Com- American history. I do not want to see gious leaders, thousands of former po- munists upon return, but held that his us repeat that chapter. But neither do litical prisoners and officers of South participation in the I want to see us in a soft-headed way Vietnam, and many human rights ac- counterrevolutionary plot was a non- simply appear to be doing a favor for tivists and dissident intellectuals. political crime and that made him in- refugees, when in fact what you will be eligible for asylum. b 1515 doing is causing more turmoil in those Captain Tran is scheduled to be refugee camps, causing more confusion, Classified as nonrefugees, they now forced back to Vietnam this year under causing them to believe that the refu- face deportation to Vietnam. Many of the comprehensive plan of action. Staff gee program is now blown away and them have taken their own lives to members of the House Committee on that they will therefore all have an op- protest the injustices in screening to International Relations interviewed portunity to enter the United States. avoid deportation. him and found him highly credible. He I would point out or simply ask why Thousands of Hmongs already recog- said he will commit suicide before re- we should be creating an artificial in- nized as refugees are also facing depor- centive so that not only do we make turning to Vietnam. tation to Laos. In my judgment, no Mr. Chairman, as a nation, I think available resources to bring refugees to U.S. contribution to the UNHCR should we have to take steps that will bring this country, but we also shut off, in be used to finance such refoulement of about a fair, humane, and dignified so- effect, the resources necessary to allow refugees. Any use of United States lution to the Indo-Chinese refugee refugees who want to return to their money for the repatriation of Vietnam- original country to do so. problem once and for all within United ese boat people or Hmong asylum seek- The CHAIRMAN. The time of the States laws and without any increase ers must be conditioned on a fair re- gentleman from Wisconsin [Mr. OBEY] in quota or budget. So, Mr. Chairman, has expired. view of their refugee claims. I rise in support of the Smith amend- I would like to review with the House (By unanimous consent, Mr. OBEY ment and ask my colleagues to support was allowed to proceed for 1 additional who some of these individuals are, be- it. minute.) cause you need to look sometimes be- Mr. SMITH of Texas. Mr. Chairman, I Mr. OBEY. Mr. Chairman, it just yond the numbers and the rhetoric to move to strike the requisite number of seems to me in this instance the oppo- look at who are the individuals we are words. nents of the Bereuter amendment are talking about that would be protected Mr. PAYNE of New Jersey. Mr. well meaning, but I think in my heart under the Smith amendment. Chairman, I move to strike the req- they are misguided. I would urge Mem- One of the people comprehensive plan uisite number of words. bers to reject the Smith amendment of action would force back to Vietnam Mr. Chairman, I rise in support of the because it will simply leave a false im- is a lady, a Sister K, a Catholic nun. Bereuter amendment regarding South- pression out there, which will cause Her father served as a counterintel- east Asian refugees. I have visited refu- great additional turmoil in those refu- ligence officer for the Republic of Viet- gee camps in Thailand and Hong Kong gee camps. nam of Vietnam. After 1975, he was over the last 20 years, most recently What we ought to be doing is saying sent to a reeducation camp for more just last summer in Hong Kong. It is to the Thai Government and other gov- than 6 years. my observation that while the early ernments in the area, we ought to be In 1988, the communists raided Sister refugees were certainly tied in with asking them to help us in the process K’s convent. They arrested her and the U.S. interests and support of our war by which we give every refugee an op- mother superior, who was accused of efforts, the present refugees do not re- portunity to determine for themselves plotting against the government. The flect this early perception by the whether they want to be repatriated or seminary was confiscated. Sister K was American people and veteran organiza- whether they want to come to this sentenced to 6 months at hard labor. tions. country. We ought not be creating arti- She then went to live with her family, Most of the refugee population in the ficial incentives so that in the end they but in 1991 her father and other Catho- Hong Kong camps have been through a have no financial alternative to com- lics were arrested for planning to build screening process and have been classi- ing to the United States, unless this a church. Sister K went into hiding and fied as economic migrants, or to put it committee is willing to guarantee that escaped from Vietnam. Sister K has explicitly many are northern Vietnam- it is the Federal Government that will been labeled an economic migrant by ese fishermen who had nothing to do then bear the financial burden of that the Thai immigration inspector who with supporting our war efforts. decision. I do not think this committee was in charge or her interview under The United States was a signature to is going to do that. Absent that guar- the comprehensive plan of action. She the Comprehensive Plan of Action in antee, I think we ought to support the is scheduled to be forced back to Viet- 1989 which strengthened the principles Bereuter amendment. nam. Her story of persecution has been of first asylum in Southeast Asia. For H 5536 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE May 24, 1995 example this program enabled the re- have great reason to fear being forcefully re- Mr. BURTON of Indiana. I yield to patriation of Vietnamese, Cambodian, patriated. All one needs to do is review the the gentleman from Wisconsin. and Laotians back to their country of latest State Department report on human Mr. OBEY. Mr. Chairman, I thank origin if not classified as a refugee. By rights in Vietnam to realize that little has the gentleman from yielding to me. changed with respect to what happens. this action countries like Thailand Mr. Chairman, I very much respect that had become weary of holding refu- We have talked to families in my the gentleman’s concern about the ref- gees were able to see the end of the area who have talked about their fam- ugees in question, but I would simply tunnel, and stopped pushing back po- ily members who have literally com- ask this: Why should we engage in a tential refugees into the sea. We all re- mitted suicide. I think the gentleman legislative process which in fact cuts member the terrible piracy and raping is right, and I strongly support the off the assistance to refugees who do, of women on boats that occurred. This Smith amendment. I think it will be on a voluntary basis want to go back to new program helped to reduce such in- very good for the country. their own country? Why should we Mr. BURTON of Indiana. I yield to cidents. It also worked out agreements eliminate the financial assistance pro- the gentleman from New Jersey [Mr. with countries that were the source of vided to those people? SMITH]. Mr. DORNAN. Mr. Chairman, will the the migration like Vietnam to take Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. Mr. Chair- gentleman yield? back these people and encourage them man, I thank the gentleman for yield- Mr. BURTON of Indiana. I yield to to utilize internationally accepted im- ing to me. migration programs like the Orderly I think it needs to be reiterated that the gentleman from California. Mr. DORNAN. Mr. Chairman, be- Departure Program that has allowed human rights groups have reported sev- cause, with all due respect, I would say 500,000 to start new lives in the United eral instances of people being hurt to the gentleman from Wisconsin, the States and other countries. While there upon their return, jailing, interroga- process has been corrupted by money may be some refugees who have been tion about anticommunist political ac- and sexual abuse, so some of these peo- improperly classified, these cases could tivities in the camps, discrimination in ple are volunteering to go back out of be reviewed with U.S. intervention employment and housing, and in Loas coercion. under the flexibility of the present the disappearance and the probable Mr. OBEY. If the gentleman will con- agreement. killing of Hmong leader Vue Mai. Moreover, the root cause of the mi- The American Legion again, the gen- tinue to yield, the fact is that under the process for Hmong refugees, each gration is the poor economic condi- tleman from Virginia [Mr. WOLF], tions in these countries, especially brought the American Legion, relying refugee will have to again resign a Vietnam. By continuing our agreement on their own contacts with former Vi- statement indicating that he or she is we encourage additional cooperation etnamese comrades in arms who cor- engaging in voluntary repatriation, with Vietnam which will lead to in- roborate these accounts. One reason and if they do not sign a statement, creased cooperation on the POW issue that the United Nations cannot find they are not repatriated. It seems to and complete the normalization of re- any persecution is that they have only me the gentleman’s statement is off lationships between our two countries. eight monitors for all of Vietnam and base. The Bereuter amendment will also only two for Laos. Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. Mr. Chair- maintain funding to continue the Com- I wanted to remind the membership man, will the gentleman yield? prehensive Plan of Action. It will also we are talking about people that are Mr. BURTON of Indiana. I yield to send a signal that the United States re- going out with a support staff that has the gentleman from New Jersey. mains a partner in this well-thought- been hired through the Vietnamese and Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. Mr. Chair- out plan. the Laotion Government. This is a sit- man, this is part of the problem. If This will discourage those still de- uation where the person that is with they do not sign the voluntary agree- tained in the Hong Kong camps from the repatriation monitor is reporting ment, they are put in jail, in many in- rioting. Over 200 were wounded yester- to a government, and the government stances. In Thailand six Hmong lead- day in Hong Kong fighting with hand- is hostile in many instances to these ers, all of whom were screened in as made metal spears according to this individuals. Who can blame them for refugees, but scheduled for voluntary morning’s edition of the New York not speaking openly after being forc- repatriation to Laos anyway, were Times. It is downright cruel for us to ibly repatriated in the first place? I do jailed because they were actively re- build expectancies that the United think there is underreporting as well. sisting voluntary repatriation. States will take these migrants as ref- Mr. BURTON of Indiana. Mr. Chair- Mr. OBEY. Tell the whole story. ugees. Support the Bereuter amend- man, let me just end up by saying that Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. This is the ment and help to stop the bloodshed in there is an anti-illegal-immigration at- whole story, if the gentleman will yield Hong Kong. titude in America today with justifica- further. These people, we wonder why Mr. BURTON of Indiana. Mr. Chair- tion. We have millions of people com- there may be people who may react, man, I move to strike the requisite ing across the Mexican-American bor- and I do not condone the violence, but number of words. der for economic reasons, and that has when people come in in riot gear to tell Mr. Chairman, what is even worse is caused a real problem with our econ- these people ‘‘It is time for you to be to send them back to possible death omy in many States. But the fact of voluntarily repatriated,’’ they react and torture at the hands of the Com- the matter is there are still people in with an attitude. munist Vietnamese Government. Some this world who are fleeing Communist The CHAIRMAN. The time of the of those people have been disappearing. dictatorships, and to send them back gentleman from Indiana [Mr. BURTON] Mr. Chairman, I am happy to yield to to death or worse is a horrible thought. has expired. the gentleman from Virginia [Mr. It is analogous to taking people who (At the request of Mr. OBEY and by WOLF]. came across the Berlin Wall. It is a unanimous consent, Mr. BURTON of In- Mr. WOLF. Mr. Chairman, I will be wrong-headed move. I hope my col- diana was allowed to proceed for 1 addi- brief. I urge every Member to read the leagues will support the gentleman tional minute.) letter of the gentleman from Florida Mr. OBEY. Mr. Chairman, will the from New Jersey [Mr. SMITH]. [Mr. MCCOLLUM] before they vote on gentleman yield? this. The gentleman is going to speak, b 1530 Mr. BURTON of Indiana. I yield to so I will not reiterate his letter. But The CHAIRMAN. The time of the the gentleman from Wisconsin. his letter probably sums it up better gentleman from Indiana [Mr. BURTON] Mr. OBEY. Mr. Chairman, let me than anything. In his letter he points has expired. simply ask the gentleman, why do we out in the PS that the important provi- (At the request of Mr. OBEY and by not also explain the fact that the same sion in H.R. 1561 has been endorsed by unanimous consent, Mr. BURTON of In- organization which is peddling those the American Legion. This is what the diana was allowed to proceed for 2 addi- stories in fact is also raising funds by American Legion says. They said: tional minutes.) selling military, police, and civilian ti- These former members of the South Viet- Mr. OBEY. Mr. Chairman, will the tles in their resistance army? Why do namese armed forces who escaped certainly gentleman yield? we not talk about the intimidation May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H 5537 from them that is going on within the The Governments of those two repres- ers into the region to try to determine Hmong community? There is intimida- sive governments are investigating what the facts were. They came back tion going on on both sides. themselves. This is clearly a case of al- with many indications that the vol- Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. Mr. Chair- lowing the fox to guard the hen house. untary agencies involved do not sup- man, will the gentleman yield? It is for this reason that the Amer- port the elimination of the ability to Mr. BURTON of Indiana. I yield to ican Legion and other veteran organi- assist people who want to go back to the gentleman from New Jersey. zations support Mr. SMITH’S amend- their own country. Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. Mr. Chair- ment and fully support the provision in Mr. GILMAN. Mr. Chairman, I would man, let me make clear to the gen- the bill. Our military men and women ask the gentleman, does he believe tleman that our embassy confirmed who fought in Vietnam and in Laos are there has not been one single case of this story. I want to go back to some- unanimously opposed to any effort to retribution? We sent our own staff peo- thing I said earlier on. The Refugee abandon our allies. ple over to look into the refugee Committee of Lawyers for Human Permit me to read from a letter camps, and they were refused entrance Rights has so blasted the process of dated May 23 sent to me by John Sum- and examination. screening they have changed inter- mer, the executive director of the Mr. OBEY. Mr. Chairman, will the national standards. The credibility is American Legion. gentleman continue to yield so I could one where they are viewed with unbe- The American Legion supports the initia- answer his question? lievable skepticism before they even tive . . . which would provide for a reexam- The CHAIRMAN. The time of the open their mouths. It is a flawed proc- ination of the refugee status of thousands of gentleman from New York [Mr. GIL- Vietnamese who fled their homeland out of ess. MAN] has expired. fear of political reprisal, up to and including We are saying that the President (At the request of Mr. OBEY and by should certify, and if it is not a flawed death. The American Legion considers it a debt of unanimous consent, Mr. GILMAN was process, then the money is okay, but if honor to strongly support your efforts to au- allowed to proceed for 1 additional he can certify these people are being thorize the proper screening of those individ- minute.) voluntarily repatriated, that is a dif- uals who continue to be held in refugee Mr. OBEY. Mr. Chairman, will the ferent story. camps in Asia, and to allow for the resettle- gentleman yield? The CHAIRMAN. The time of the ment of those refugees who fought side-by- Mr. GILMAN. I yield to the gen- gentleman from Indiana [Mr. BURTON] side with the American forces during the tleman from Wisconsin. has expired. Vietnam war, as well as their families. Mr. OBEY. Mr. Chairman, I would, (By unanimous consent, Mr. BURTON The United Nations will not allow of Indiana was allowed to proceed for 30 our Hmong allies living in camps in frankly, be surprised if there had not additional seconds.) Thailand and eligible under United been any cases of retribution, because, Mr. BURTON of Indiana. Mr. Chair- States law to immigrate here, to leave after all, this is not heaven. However, man, let me just end real briefly by the camps. Instead the Thai Govern- the fact is that I do not oppose any- saying this. If there is any doubt about ment and the U.N. are using our funds body’s efforts to try to see to it that these people being sent back to pos- to forcefully send our Hmong allies each and every refugee has an honest sible death, or worse, at the hands of back to a dangerous fate in Laos. choice about where they want to go, the Vietnamese Communists, then we The screening process of refugees ad- but I do think it is softheaded for this should err on the side of safety. That is ministered by the comprehensive plan Congress or for the American Legion or the reasonable and humanitarian thing of action must be broadly reviewed in any other organization in this country to do. order to remedy unfair and otherwise to say ‘‘Oh, yes, we will accept the sys- Mr. GILMAN. Mr. Chairman, I move defective status determination. The tem which will in fact bring financial to strike the requisite number of use of U.S. funds must be conditioned incentives for all of them to come to words. on a thorough review of this process. the United States, and by the way, we Mr. Chairman, I rise in strong sup- The American Overseas Interests Act will not provide the funds for it, and we port of the Smith amendment. We would allow for such a review. will let the local units of government should not support the shameful forced Accordingly, I strongly support the get stuck with having to support repatriation of our allies who fought by Smith amendment, and oppose the Be- them.’’ That is not good. our side during the Vietnam war. The reuter amendment. Let us end this sad Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. Mr. Chair- gentleman’s amendment would permit period of history in Vietnam and Laos man, will the gentleman yield? our Nation to end that period with with honor and dignity. Mr. GILMAN. I yield to the gen- honor and dignity. Mr. OBEY. Mr. Chairman, will the tleman from New Jersey. The American Overseas Interest Act gentleman yield? Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. Mr. Chair- does not require one extra penny to be Mr. GILMAN. I yield to the gen- man, it does not help this debate one spent nor would it increase the number tleman from Wisconsin. iota for the gentleman to call it of refugees admitted to the United Mr. OBEY. Mr. Chairman, I thank softheaded to say that the screening States. It merely disassociates the the gentleman for yielding to me. process was influenced. The over- United States with sending people back Mr. Chairman, I would ask the gen- whelming consensus by the human to Vietnam and Laos who have genuine tleman, does he really believe that rights groups is that it is flawed. refugee claims because they fought Save the Children would be participat- Let me just, again, remind the gen- with us during the war. ing in forced repatriation? Does the tleman, and this is not a conservative It is not accurate to speculate that it gentleman really believe that? That is human rights organization, the Law- is safe for our allies to return to Viet- one agency we have provided the $1.5 yers Committee for Human Rights Ref- nam and Laos. The U.N. repatriation million to to assist people who want to ugee Project concluded, and I quote, monitoring process in place in Vietnam return to their own country. ‘‘The entire screening process and re- and Laos are run by Vietnamese and Does the gentleman really believe view procedures remain seriously Laotian citizens hired in coordination Save the Children Foundation is in the flawed.’’ They went on to state: ‘‘The with those Governments. In Laos 14 of business of forcing people to be repatri- process remains hostile to genuine ref- the 18 UNHCR repatriation monitoring ated? ugees, and thousands may have been personnel are citizens of Laos hired by Mr. GILMAN. Mr. Chairman, we are wrongly rejected.’’ UNHCR with the coordination of the not talking about Save the Children Mr. BERMAN. Mr. Chairman, I move Laotian Government. In Vietnam 30 of now, we are talking about the Viet- to strike the requisite number of the 38 UNHCR repatriation monitoring namese UNHCR personnel, the Laotian words. personnel are Vietnamese citizens UNHCR personnel, who are apparently Mr. Chairman, I rise in support of the hired by UNHCR with the coordination not doing an effective job. Smith amendment to the Bereuter of the Vietnamese Government. It is no Mr. OBEY. Mr. Chairman, if the gen- amendment. small wonder that it is claimed that tleman will continue to yield, I would Ms. LOFGREN. Mr. Chairman, will there have been no cases of retribution. simply say that I sent two of my staff- the gentleman yield? H 5538 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE May 24, 1995 Mr. BERMAN. Mr. Chairman, before I conditions in Laos and are in dire need of the would be able to return to life in their country. make any comments, I yield to my col- minimal assistance being provided to them in Now these people are being faced with a league, the gentlewoman from Califor- order to survive. They are often sent to loca- choice they must make now and they should nia. tions where they must glean a living from be allowed to make the choice for which they Ms. LOFGREN. Mr. Chairman, I lands and communities with few resources. It are eligible. thank the gentleman for yielding to is, however, vital that we support the non gov- The United States cannot neglect its obliga- me. ernmental organization and a truly objective tion to the Hmong people who sacrificed lives I also support the Smith amendment, UNHCR presence in Laos and Vietnam, be- and homeland to fight on the side of the Unit- Mr. Chairman, and I would like to say cause of the necessary monitoring to ensure ed States in the Vietnam war. They cannot be how proud I am to be involved with a the safety of those repatriated. There has allowed to forget those who are still suffering movement that would allow boat peo- been a great deal of trouble getting credible as a result of the Vietnam war. This amend- ple to be treated as the refugees that information out of Laos with regards to the ment maintains the fragile status quo, a situa- they really are. There are thousands of Hmong. tion that much concerns the Hmong-Ameri- these refugees lingering in miserable The Hmong are in a special situation. It is cans in Minnesota. Certainly, reports of seri- camps throughout Southeast Asia, my understanding that most of the Hmong ous human rights violations need to be fully waiting for freedom. I think we need to have refugee status and therefore are already resolved and rectified. Often the choice of stand by our former allies and make eligible for resettlement in the United States or Hmong within a refugee camp is being ques- sure that they are treated as the refu- another country. There are now reported less tioned as to whether such a person made a gees they are. than 500 Hmong who have been determined voluntary choice to return to Laos. That must Mr. Chairman, I remember a few to be ineligible for resettlement. Other reports be resolved. There can be no misunderstand- years back refugees were forced out of indicate a much higher number. This legisla- ing that when a refugee returns to his or her the camps in Hong Kong, and a number tion and initiative should be viewed as ensur- homeland that there basic rights and personal of refugees committed suicide rather ing that the process is credible and that the safety are secure. That funding and assist- than return to the Communist regimes resettlement decisions are voluntary. ance provided for reintegration is necessary from which they fled. Mere economic Hopefully with the modifications now pre- should be obvious. The certification process in refugees do not commit suicide when sented the Smith language will more precisely this measure is viewed by my Hmong-Amer- faced with repatriation. resolve the questions raised. ican constituents as the last hope to rectify Mr. Chairman, I know lawyers who Certainly some groups opposed to funding this situation that affects their family members. have been involved in the Lawyers repatriation assistance because of the possi- The hearings held in Congress and the letters Committee on Human Rights. They tell bility of persecution of the Hmong by the Lao- written too often have left more questions than me what the gentleman has said, that tian Government. Unfortunately, our own State answers, therefore I oppose stripping the lan- the process has been flawed. We need to Department has done a poor job of laying guage from the bill, and am in support of the stand by our former allies. I remember these fears to rest. The Hmong in the United rewritten Smith amendment and the Hmong when Vietnam fell 20 years ago, the ef- States and those still in the refugee camps refugees. forts I made to save those who were es- hear from the State Department that there is Mr. NADLER. Mr. Chairman, will the caping from communism. We must not no need to worry about those who return to gentleman yield? Mr. BERMAN. I yield to the gen- forget them today. Laos at the same time they hear stories of tleman from New York. Mr. Chairman, I thank the gentleman Hmong who have disappeared or been shot. It (Mr. NADLER asked and was given has been extremely difficult to get satisfactory for yielding to me, and I strongly urge permission to revise and extend his re- information or answers to specific cir- support of the Smith amendment. marks.) The CHAIRMAN. The time of the cumstances hence this legislative language at- Mr. NADLER. Mr. Chairman, I rise in gentleman from California [Mr. BER- tempts to ensure certification of the cir- support of the Smith amendment. I MAN] has expired. cumstance, a common practice to verify or want to simply state that I differ from (At the request of Mr. VENTO and by qualify support that Congress has written into my friend, the gentleman from Ten- unanimous consent, Mr. BERMAN was law, certainly we can assume that the Clinton nessee [Mr. DUNCAN], in that we ought allowed to proceed for 3 additional administration will proceed with dispatch and a to protect refugees, whether they are minutes.) good faith effort. refugees from communistic dictator- Mr. VENTO. Mr. Chairman, will the The Hmong are special because the large ships or from any other dictatorships. gentleman yield? majority of them already have refugee status They have the same human rights, and Mr. BERMAN. I yield to the gen- and are eligible for resettlement in the United we ought to protect them. tleman from Minnesota. States or another country. What the United Clearly in this instance the Smith (Mr. VENTO asked and was given States Government needs to ensure is that amendment ought to be adopted, and permission to revise and extend his re- the Thai Government and other camp govern- the Bereuter amendment replaced, be- marks.) ments and the U.N. High Commissioner for cause we should protect these refugees, Mr. VENTO. Mr. Chairman, I rise in Refugees is making a proper determination of and because the so-called screening support of the Smith amendment and the Hmong who are requesting resettlement. over there, most human rights observ- the underlying intent of the bill. The Hmong are under considerable pressure ers and organizations have said is not It is really a difficult one. I under- from the Thai to repatriate because the Thai adequate. stand the good intentions, but I think want to close the refugee camps and be done Mr. Chairman, I thank the gentleman there has been a shadow over this proc- with this 20-year-old problem. We and cer- for yielding to me. ess. The increased interest of the gov- tainly the Clinton administration and most in Mr. Chairman, I rise in support of the Smith ernments in camps, the Thai Govern- Congress don't want anyone to be forced to amendment to the Bereuter amendment. If ment, to close refugee camps has, I repatriate nor do we want to cut off aid for adopted without the Smith amendment the Be- think, rushed the process greatly. those who choose to return, who do not want reuter amendment will make the United States There has been repeated reports, and I to resettle in the United States or elsewhere. complicit in the persecution of thousands of mean extensive reports, even in the Clearly, the situation of Hmong refugees in Southeast Asian refugees. Minnesota papers, concerning mis- Thai refugee camps is an ugly and sad one Forget the rhetoric of the nativism dema- treatment and abuse of individuals in which we would all gladly see resolved. It is gogues, the Bereuter amendment would not these areas. crucial that these people be treated fairly, that close any loophole in our immigration law, be- Mr. Chairman, I rise in support of the Smith they not be denied the opportunity to resettle cause none exists. In fact, it would shatter amendment to the Bereuter amendment which in the United States or elsewhere because what is best and most balanced in our refugee would rewrite a provisions in the legislation. they have not previously chosen this option. policy. Specifically, I am very concerned that the Many of these people, although they suffered Without Smith, the Bereuter amendment Hmong currently in refugee camps in Thai- persecution by the Government in Laos, many would eliminate language in the bill requiring land, first, that they are voluntarily returning, in fact some would say most, hoped one day that no one can be returned to Vietnam with and second, that they receive whatever fund- to be able to return to their native land. They the assistance of American taxpayer money ing has been promised if they do repatriate. stayed in the refugee camps, a bad place to until they receive a fair and impartial screening These people are returning to very difficult live, because they dreamed that one day they to determine if they are genuine refugees. May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H 5539 Is there something wrong with that? major step toward ameliorating con- concerns about this section in the com- The language of the bill is straightforward: cerns earlier expressed during commit- mittee. I say this section of the bill is It provides up to $30 million for the reloca- tee debate on the language which is in a disastrously bad approach. I do not tion of Vietnamese, Laotian, or Cambodian the bill. He has softened the earmark, use that language very often. I know refugees. he has made it clear that the intention that the intention of the gentleman It prohibits the use of U.S. funds to repatri- of his amendment is not to increase the from New Jersey is to be highly re- ate those refugees unless the President can number of refugees admitted to the spected, and I respect it, too, but the certify that bona fide refugees, and only bona United States above those currently results, the bloodshed, the tragedies fide refugees, have been offered, not even permitted. that will result from this reversal of placed in but offered resettlement outside their The gentleman from Nebraska [Mr. policy are just going to be extraor- countries of nationality. That means relocation BEREUTER] and the gentleman from dinary. anywhere else, not only to the United States. Wisconsin [Mr. OBEY] are pointing out If we make this change in the refugee It also requires the President to certify that the potential problems with some of program in Southeast Asia the blood is the process of determining refugee status con- the restrictions in the language of the going to be on our hands for the addi- forms to our basic commitment to fairness, gentleman from New Jersey [Mr. honesty, and due process. tional boats of refugees that are going SMITH], or some of the requirements in The bill does not, as you may have heard, to be launched. This section of the bill the language. However, I, at least at require that all these refugees come to the this particular point in time, want to and the Smith amendment completely United States. Read the bill, it's on pages focus on energizing our State Depart- devastates the UNHCR-multinational 102±103. ment to get the UNHCR and the people Comprehensive Plan for Action which The bill does not steal money away from is being implemented. refugees from the former Soviet Union. Eighty in charge of that screening process to million dollars is set aside for that purpose on take a look at a number of cases where Why is it that most of the refugee page 101. it is clear that people with a well- groups that have spoken out on the So what is all the excitement about? founded fear of persecution, if they issue have spoken against the language These refugees are not on U.S. soil; our were to be repatriated back to Viet- in the bill and would speak, if they Government is not running these refugee nam, should have a chance to prevent have not done so already, against the camps. Is it too much to suggest that we what could be a catastrophe for them. language offered by the gentleman from New Jersey [Mr. SMITH] as an should not pay for their forced repatriation until b 1545 we can be assured that they will not face per- amendment to my amendment? It is secution? Between now and the conference because they understand that what you For those refugees who will come to the committee, we can look at how to do are unleashing here by approving the United States, this bill does not create any this. I do not think every candidate Smith amendment is a tragedy. new refugee slots. In fact it does not even use should be rescreened. I do not think we want to end voluntary repatriation. I Mr. Chairman, we have heard many all of the slots available. These are refugees comments about forced repatriation. Of who quality for resettlement, that is, refugees do not think we want to give the peo- ple in the camps false hopes about course no one is in favor of forced repa- who are persecuted for their past affiliation triation. We have accepted over 1 mil- with the United State or who have been per- things that are going to happen. I do not want them to think we want lion Indochinese refugees into this secuted on the basis of religion or ethnicity. country because we have a responsibil- We must not abandon our commitment to to embark on something which would ity as our former allies to do so. We honesty, fairness, and decency. become politically unsustainable in the I know money for refugee programs is politi- United States, but the gentleman from have done that generously. Now we cally unpopular these days. At the very least Illinois [Mr. HYDE] and others were have the UNHCR trying to get a rea- we should agree that those scarce dollars that right. When you are talking about peo- sonable hold on this economic refugee are available should not be used to move refu- ple who fought on our side, who were and boat people process. We have 47,000 gees involuntarily to their countries of origin to imprisoned for 10 years for political refugees waiting there at this moment, face persecution. acts and now are talked about being which are categorized by the UNHCR Mr. Speaker, I opposed the war in Vietnam. sent back, you want to make sure that as economic refugees. Many of our colleagues here supported that that is not being done in a fashion that I want to see any Member stand up in war, and some even fought there. Those dif- is going to put their lives and their lib- front of their local VFW chapter and ferences still have the power to divide this Na- erty in jeopardy. American Legion chapter and say, ‘‘We tion. The mere suggestion that some may I think the Smith language in the granted refugee status to economic ref- come from the northern part of Vietnam sill bill as modified now helps to send the ugees from North Vietnam, our former seems to have the power to suggest to some message to the State Department, to enemies.’’ That is what I want to see Members that these refugees will make war the international community about you do. If you vote in favor of this on us when they arrive here. I think that, re- our concerns about the flaws in the amendment which guts my amendment gardless of the stand you took 25 years ago, rescreening process and in the repatri- offered for myself and for the gen- if you ever cared about the people of South- ation process and that between now—I tleman from Wisconsin [Mr. OBEY] and east Asia, of if you were moved to take a actually hope this bill does not get to for the gentleman from Texas [Mr. stand on either side because the preservation a conference committee, but if it were SMITH], you are devastating the Com- of fundamental American values was impor- to get to a conference committee, we prehensive Plan for Action. can deal with some of the problems tant to you, then you must help adopt the What about UNHCR? Is it a corrupt Smith amendment. I urge a yes vote on Smith that people have correctly pointed out. Mr. BEREUTER. Mr. Chairman, I process? Well, no, it is not. Are there and no vote on Bereuter. corruptive elements in it? Absolutely, Mr. BERMAN. Mr. Chairman, this is move to strike the requisite number of there are. a very complicated and important words. issue. There is a lot of right on both Mr. Chairman, as chairman of the Take a look at this. Since the screen- sides. The fact is the Orderly Departure Subcommittee on Asia and the Pacific ing process began in 1989, about 125,000 Program and CPA have dealt with the of the Committee on International Re- Indochinese have been screened under problem of boat people, dealt with a lations, I rise in strong opposition to close supervision of the UNHCR. One- way to allow people who are in fear of the Smith amendment. It is well-in- quarter of those screened, representing political persecution to leave Vietnam tended but it is a disastrously bad ap- more than 31,000 asylum seekers, have directly to resettle in countries, and proach. been found to be bona fide refugees and have set up a process which, unfortu- The gentleman from California has have been resettled in the West. The nately, has been too flawed in the said the section of the bill is made screening process included the right to camps on the countries of first asylum slightly better, by the amendment of appeal directly to UNHCR, which did to resettle in other countries. the gentleman from New Jersey [Mr. not hesitate to overturn bad screening The gentleman from New Jersey [Mr. SMITH]. The gentleman, Mr. BERMAN, decisions. In fact, it overturned 1,500 SMITH], by his amendment, has taken a was the person that raised the initial initial refusals. H 5540 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE May 24, 1995 While there are undoubtedly exam- Mr. BEREUTER. I thank the gen- So in light of that, in 1983 President ples of error in such a massive screen- tleman. That is exactly what it would Reagan adopted a command perform- ing process, the bulk of informed opin- mean with respect to the Hmong refu- ance, if you will, from our Immigration ion, both government and NGO, dis- gees. About 2 months ago, I wrote to and Naturalization Service and the putes the assertion of mass fraud and the State Department in support of the State Department, for how we were corruption in the process. If you de- Hmong. I now understand an agree- going to handle the screenings of refu- stroy this process by the Smith lan- ment is being worked out with the gees to come in from over in that part guage in the bill, you have left the Thai Government to grant us access to of the world. That series of standard United States holding all of the respon- the Hmong in the camps later this criteria, if you will, were later adopted sibilities for the tide of refugees that year. But if we blow it up by this ac- into statute in what is known as the you are about to launch. I ask you to tion today, that is gone. Lautenberg amendment. think seriously about that. Mr. Chairman, the gentleman from It is those criteria which the gen- What about the egregious cases that New York [Mr. GILMAN], the committee tleman from New Jersey [Mr. SMITH] are mentioned and identified by the chairman, asked me in his absence to has offered and put in the bill which is NGO’s? I will work with my colleagues make a unanimous-consent request. I underlying this today and which we are and the NGO’s to press UNHCR and the do that in concluding my remarks. trying to defend on this side, and I State Department to be more active in Mr. Chairman, I ask unanimous con- must reluctantly oppose my good seeking redress. I understand that at sent that debate on the pending amend- friend, the gentleman from Nebraska least 48 cases from the list have been ments and any amendments thereto be [Mr. BEREUTER], because he wants to successfully overturned, and more per- limited to 30 minutes, to be controlled strike that more liberal standard, if haps should be. But I caution my col- by the gentleman from New Jersey you will. leagues in the House, do not launch [Mr. SMITH] for 15 minutes, the gen- That standard prevailed, this stand- this wave of refugees. tleman from Wisconsin [Mr. OBEY] for ard I am talking about, for nearly 6 Mr. OBEY. Mr. Chairman, will the 71⁄2 minutes, and myself, the gentleman years, until 1989, when this comprehen- gentleman yield? from Nebraska [Mr. BEREUTER], for 71⁄2 sive plan was adopted. It is only since Mr. BEREUTER. I yield to the gen- minutes. the comprehensive plan has been tleman from Wisconsin. The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection adopted that the U.S. screeners are out Mr. OBEY. Mr. Chairman, I would to the request of the gentleman from of the picture pretty much, and all of like to ask a specific question with re- Nebraska? the UNHCR folks are doing the screen- spect to a specific group of refugees. Mr. GUNDERSON. Mr. Chairman, re- ing we are hearing the complaints Right now, there are a lot of Hmong serving the right to object, there are a about. refugees trapped in Thailand. Some of number of us who have been patiently We do not want to let everybody in. them want to go back to Laos. A lot of waiting to engage in this debate and we The standard that Ronald Reagan pro- them want to come to the United are not about, when we have constitu- moted and adopted and we operated States. And a lot of them, if given the ents and their families whose fate is at under for 6 years is the standard that opportunity, would prefer to stay in the mercy of the outcome of this, to we simply want, those of us supporting Thailand. agree to that kind of a unanimous-con- the Smith and the underlying bill posi- I would simply ask this question of sent request when we have had no tion want to have adopted at least for those who are supporting the Smith time, when certain Members have con- 1 year, to look at the group that we are amendment. If this country today uni- tinued to ask for more time, more time talking about forcibly repatriating in laterally takes this action, and sends a and more time so they can conduct many cases. Let’s screen them under message to refugees around the world their discussions at our expense. At that standard. that we are about to absorb all of the this point, I object, Mr. Chairman. Let me tell you what the preferences refugees discussed under this amend- The CHAIRMAN. Objection is heard. are to that standard, the presumption ment, and if under those circumstances Mr. MCCOLLUM. Mr. Chairman, I almost that they still have to prove the Thailand Government then decides move to strike the requisite number of credible fear: against allowing those Hmong refugees words. Former officials of the government to resettle in Thailand, are we really Mr. Chairman, I have heard a lot of in the south existing prior to the take- doing those Hmong refugees any good? emotional debate today and I would over in 1975, and we are talking about The CHAIRMAN. The time of the just like to try to put this in some per- Vietnam, national and local officials. Former members of the military of gentleman from Nebraska [Mr. BEREU- spective. I do not serve on this particu- the government in the south existing TER] has expired. lar committee, but I have served on the prior to the takeover in 1975. (On request of Mr. OBEY, and by Immigration and Refugee Subcommit- Catholics and Buddhist monks. Now, unanimous consent, Mr. BEREUTER was tee for over 14 years. I personally have there might be some of them, a very allowed to proceed for 2 additional visited the Hmong camps, I have per- tiny few of them, from the north. I minutes.) sonally visited Hong Kong, I have been think they are going to be the only Mr. BEREUTER. Mr. Chairman, I there more than once, and I think I ones you hear today who could be even continue to yield to the gentleman have some feel for the history of this under this list. from Wisconsin [Mr. OBEY]. matter since about 1980. Persons formerly or presently em- Mr. OBEY. Are we not in fact by this The story that I would like to tell a ployed by the United States or Western action today going to make it highly little bit of to put it in perspective is institutions, or persons educated in the unlikely that the Thai Government the story of the way in which the deci- West. would in fact make that third option sions were being made back in the Persons required after the takeover available to those Hmong refugees? 1980’s with regard to how we screened in 1975 to undergo reeducation in re- And does that not in fact mean, just as people in and out among these groups education or labor camps, or who were the gentleman says, that the United of boat people and the Hmong and so imprisoned or sent involuntarily to States is going to unilaterally assume on. In the very early 1980’s, there was a new economic zones because they were onto its own shoulders all of the bur- very strict screening. President Reagan considered politically or socially unde- den for the turmoil that will result and when he came into office, was in office sirable. all of the financial burden that will re- a couple of years, and some of us re- Ethnic Chinese. sult as well? ported to him from our visits over Montagnards. It just seems to me that if we want to there that this was a major problem, Chams. change the screening process, we ought that indeed the standards being used to Accompanying members of house- to focus on demands to change the screen in were not allowing those to holds or persons falling into any of the screening process. We should not in the come in who had been those who had preceding categories. process blow up an international agree- assisted us during the war, who were The same type of list, I am not going ment unilaterally, which this language truly people who have credible fears of to read it, is there for the Laotian and does. persecution, and so on and so forth. the Cambodian situation. May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H 5541 We are not talking about just letting caused a boat flotilla of over 1,000 peo- change your amendment. It restores everybody in who is an economic refu- ple to leave. They had to be rescued the basic bill to what it should be, al- gee. With all due respect to the gen- from the sea. Given that example, why lowing all of the refugees to come in tleman from Nebraska [Mr. BEREUTER], does the gentleman think we are not under the existing ceiling now so we that is not what this whole debate is about to launch a major exodus of boat would not be taking in any additional, about. people? and at no additional cost, I submit. What those of us who believe in the Mr. MCCOLLUM. First of all, I do not Mr. DORNAN. Mr. Chairman, I move underlying bill and believe in the mod- personally believe we are going to to strike the requisite number of est amendment that the gentleman launch any major exodus, because the words. from New Jersey [Mr. SMITH] is offer- amount involved in this as far as what Mr. Chairman, I have friends on all ing today want to see happen is that the changes are concerned is modest. sides of this debate. But I rise in strong for at least a year, maybe two if it They are not comprehensive like the support of the Smith amendment and takes it, that we take a look at the gentleman I know in all due respect be- sadly against the Bereuter amendment, boat people from Hong Kong, the lieves; I understand he does. and I do so not only as a matter of in- Hmong who are over in Thailand, the Second, I believe, yes, there is a tellect but with some measure of heart. others in the camps in Malaysia, and chance that Thailand and some of the judge them and have them judged by other countries, Hong Kong perhaps, It was in the Central Highlands 27 the standards that were on that list in will not accept this standard that we years ago this summer when the vil- 1983 to 1989, so that we can be satisfied would say we will impose. If we do not lage chieftain of a Hmong tribe, the in our consciences as American people provide them the money, they may Montagnard mountain people, wound a that we have indeed allowed those to very well forcibly send a lot of these small piece of cheap silver around my come out who really should and not be folks on back, anyway, and I think wrist, and I have not had it off in 27 sending those back that would be sent that that may very well continue to years. And I promised him I would not back in harm’s way. happen. I do not know. take it off until, as he put it, the Com- A lot of us just do not have con- But I do not want my name and the munists stopped kidnaping, killing, fidence in the current process. We have name of this Congress and the money and abusing his people. seen too many examples where it is not of the American people being spent for Now we have finally gotten around to working. I do not see the harm in it. I the kind of forcible repatriation that I treating native Americans with respect personally do not see the draw of the believe is going on with a substantial simply because they were here first by boat people, that we are going to draw number, not all, but a substantial num- 10,000 to 20,000 years. The Hmong peo- a whole bunch more people out with ber of these folks. ple are perfectly analogous to our this. American native Indian tribes in this b 1600 The standard is pretty darn clear and country. And they have been terribly it is pretty narrow. It is not economic I in good conscience, and I think abused. refugees, again, with all due respect. It most of the Members who are on our And it is not only for them but for is substantially below the 40,000 figure side of this issue are really voting with the Vietnamese, and all of the other some have used that would ever be al- that in mind, and we believe the down- various backgrounds in that small lowed in under this standard. I suspect side is not as great as the upside of abused country for almost two cen- a very small number, comparatively what we are doing. There is some risk, turies of Laos that I speak. speaking, would actually qualify under but I think it is a modest risk. Once about every 10 years, Mr. Chair- this Lautenberg or this Ronald Reagan Mr. BEREUTER. If the gentleman man, so this may be the last time I will standard, which is really what it is. It will yield one more time, the UNHCR I be sitting in the front bench, I will would be a modest number of people believe the gentleman understands, has look at these Roman letters that are who would be ultimately screened out. screened in 125,000 Indochinese. And cut into the front bench of our clerks Again, we are not actually going to then when we had the appeals process and our leadership. It reads union on accomplish this necessarily because for those screened out at least 1,500 the eastern end and peace on the west- the underlying proposal simply says we were screened in. So in fact it is not a ern side, but these three words I think are not going to provide money for the totally corrupt process and it isn’t a are apropos to this debate—justice, tol- comprehensive plan anymore. We are hopeless process for legitimate politi- erance and liberty. Most of them, even not going to be a party to what we cal refugees. the economic refugees, are yearning for think is wrong unless these standards Mr. MCCOLLUM. Reclaiming my freedom and for liberty so badly that it are adopted and used in the screening time, I realize they have done a mod- enables them to be horribly abused. process. That is all it does. estly good job, maybe a good job in The CHAIRMAN. The time of the some cases, but there have been enough I have been fascinated that all sides gentleman from Florida [Mr. MCCOL- reports to this Member and experienced here agree there is abuse. We are argu- LUM] has expired. staff, including one sitting beside me ing over how much abuse. To ask a (On request of Mr. BEREUTER, and by in the gentleman’s committee that man to give you his daughter for sex- unanimous consent, Mr. MCCOLLUM was have not been able to get the answers ual abuse, a type of coercive rape over allowed to proceed for 2 additional to satisfy this Member that convinces seeking liberty, is probably the most minutes.) me there is a corruption in its process offensive sex crime that you could pos- Mr. MCCOLLUM. Mr. Chairman, I and there is something going on I can- sibly imagine. To keep upping the ante yield to the gentleman from Nebraska. not condone. While some may have from a few hundred dollars to thou- Mr. BEREUTER. Mr. Chairman, I been good, all of it has not been good. sands of dollars. I have gotten names of thank the gentleman for yielding, and It is my personal belief, with all due re- people here that I will not put in the I appreciate his expertise and his expe- spect to the gentleman, if we need to RECORD, because we have a defense rience. give it a second look, we will give it, mechanism in this well where we can Mr. Chairman, I have two questions and if it does not work, so be it. But we name people, and I am not prepared to for the gentleman. I will ask them both owe it to the people involved and all do it outside of this Chamber so I will first and let the gentleman respond. those who came out in the past and not use their names. But they are colo- First of all, the gentleman said we that have been allies of us in the proc- nels, higher ranking men, hired by the may need a year, perhaps two years. ess and in the long since Vietnam pe- United Nations refugee people to oper- What happens when the country of first riod to do this, in my judgment, and ate in this screening process. Some of asylum begins to fail to cooperate, an that is why I feel as passionate about it these high-ranking men will make fam- action which I fully expect to take as I do. ilies in the camps put together their place immediately? I think we need to give them the one money and fly a leader all the way The second question: In light of the more chance. I urge an aye vote for the down to the capital of Indonesia, to fact that even a small rumor floated Smith amendment as a major alter- then be told that half his family will that there were jobs available in Japan ation and as the gentleman said, it will get refugee status but the other half, H 5542 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE May 24, 1995 generally including wives and daugh- Nations program that screens refugees for Thousands of former political prisoners, ters, will have to submit to more bribes resettlement and non-refugees for repatri- human rights activists, resistance fighters, if not to this form of coercive rape. ation. This screening program is, however, who had been imprisoned for their U.S. ties I think it is terrible that screening seriously corrupt and has placed numerous during the war or because of their political refugees at risk. It affects thousands of U.S. beliefs have also been denied refugee status. officials have charged as low as $400 citizens whose tax dollars have gone into fi- In a number of instances, screening offi- U.S. dollars, demanding U.S. currency, nancing it, ironically. cials intentionally screen in only have of the up to $4,000 and there have been sub- In Indonesia, for instance, screening offi- family. Once resettled, they must pay to get stantiated cases as high as $10,000 or cials have charged asylum seekers 500–4,000 the rest of their family out. Those who do $12,000. U.S. dollars for refugee status at the initial not have the means to pay have to accept in- I have been to Southeast Asia eight screening stage. At the final appeal stage, definite separation from their loved ones, times while the war for freedom was the price goes as high as $10,000–12,000. Many boat people recently resettled have The head of the corruption racket is none offered to testify. A number of former going on, twice to Hanoi as a Congress- other than Colonel Wim Roesdi, Chairman of man and several times to go back to UNHCR lawyers have gone public. In late the Indonesian Task Force, in charge of Vi- 1993, Simon Jeans, formerly with UNHCR in those camps. My oldest of my five chil- etnamese asylum seekers. He has even Indonesia, publicly denounced the flawed dren, my daughter Robin, spent a year opened a bank account under the name of screening system. In his words, ‘‘several ref- in those camps in 1980 and 1981. She Obrien Sitepu, his right-hand man, at Chemi- ugees whose status had been accepted by saw abuses then, Mercedes Benz cars cal Bank, New York to collect cash directly UNHCR officials were turned down by Indo- arriving from Bangkok, air-condi- from U.S. relatives of the asylum seekers. nesian officials after failing to come up with tioned cars extorting money from Several lawyers working for the U.N. High the cash.’’ Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) to over- Another lawyer, who established the those people. This corruption has been see the screening process also took part in going on for 14 years. I do not care if it screening program in Indonesia but who the racket. Rahmad Irwan, representing later resigned, reported that ‘‘the reason is 3 percent, 5 percent, or 10 percent. UNHCR on the Refugee Status Appeal Board, why corruption was possible to such an ex- My evidence shows me it is even more is known to have demanded both money and tent in Indonesia was that the UNHCR lead- than that. We have got to come to a sexual favors from asylum seekers in ex- ership in that country was never interested screeching halt here. change for refugee status. He then shared the in enforcing qualitative standards in screen- Of course we do not like to see people proceeds with his Indonesian counterparts on ing. fashioning spears and stakes. God for- the Appeal Board. Despite the many appeals by asylum seek- In a number of instances, the boat people ers and refugee advocates and the many un- bid they get hold of guns to fight for had to offer their wives and daughters for their liberty as this country has done. deniable evidences, UNHCR has steadfastly several nights or longer, sometimes for denied any wrongdoing by its own officials or There are excesses and innocent people weeks, as part of the deal. Many refugees local screening officials. Instead, the agency in Hong Kong who are law enforcement with strong persecution claims have been de- has invested considerable resources into si- authorities that have been terribly nied refugee status because they could not lencing protesters and into explaining away wounded, but the whole process, we afford the bribes or because they refused to the egregious screening decisions. must step back from it and look at it. offer their wives or daughters. The United States ends up bank rolling a In some cases, U.S. relatives were required The Smith amendment is the best way corrupt U.N. program, which victimizes not to travel to Jakarta to pay cash directly to only victims of persecution in Vietnam but to do it. Colonel Roesdi. Some female relatives had to As the gentleman from Florida, Mr. also thousands of U.S. citizens who have satisfy his sexual demands in addition to the been coerced into paying bribes to screening MCCOLLUM, did not point out in his let- cash. officials. Those who refuse to cooperate have A number of officials affiliated with U.S. ter, but the gentleman from Virginia, seen their relatives abused and threatened consular offices are also involved. For in- FRANK WOLF, who is an absolutely ster- by camp officials. Some of their relatives stance, Sumarno, an Office Manager of the ling person in this Chamber in either have committed suicide to protest the injus- Joint Voluntary Agency—a U.S. agency party on these human rights issues, tice or to escape deportation to Communist funded by the State Department and operat- Vietnam. pointed out that the American Legion ing out of U.S. consular offices—routinely It is time to stop the tragedy and save is asking us to step back from this proposed deals to U.S. citizens who came to lives. process. I have never found people in visit their relatives in Galang Camp. Several any American Legion hall, with all due U.S. citizens have denounced his criminal ac- Mr. GUNDERSON. Mr. Chairman, I respect to the gentleman from Wiscon- tivities to U.S. consular officials but were move to strike the requisite number of sin, Mr. OBEY, to be soft-headed. Far met with bureaucratic indifference. Mean- words. from it. I think what we have got to do while, their relatives in Galang Camp suf- (Mr. GUNDERSON asked and was is give these people the benefit of the fered retaliation by the Indonesian authori- given permission to revise and extend ties. They have become victims of threats his remarks.) doubt that they have put their lives at and physical abuses, and their correspond- stake, on the road and more often at ences have been intercepted and confiscated. Mr. GUNDERSON. Mr. Chairman, I sea, have fielded Thai raping, pirates. As a consequence of corruption, those with think I am as much of an establish- They have fielded shark attack, dehy- cash as well as collaborators, operators, and ment guy or at least accused of that as dration and at least 700,000 or 800,000 mistresses of screening officials are recog- any of my colleagues, and I come here people drowned on the high seas. nized as refugees and resettled. On the other today with the highest respect for the Mr. OBEY. Mr. Chairman, will the hand, genuine refugees with compelling gentleman from Nebraska [Mr. BEREU- claims but without money to pay, or who gentleman yield? TER] and the gentleman from Wiscon- refuse to offer their wives or daughters to Mr. DORNAN. I yield to the gen- screening officials, have often been denied sin [Mr. OBEY], and frankly, I think tleman from Wisconsin. refugee status and now face deportation. they are partially right. But it is the Mr. OBEY. Mr. Chairman, I thank Many religious leaders severely persecuted part where they may not be right that the gentleman for yielding. I want to in Vietnam, have been ‘‘screened out’’ be- drives me to this particular debate and make clear when I used the term soft- cause they have nothing to offer. For in- why I rise in such strong support for headed I was referring to Members of stance, Ven. Thich Thanh Lien, Chief Rep- the Smith amendment. Congress, not members of the Amer- resentative of the Unified Buddhist Church The fact is that we are dealing with ican Legion. of Vietnam in Galang Camp was denied refu- either an intentional or an uninten- gee status despite his strong refugee claims. Mr. DORNAN. I will try not to take In 1993, his disciples and colleagues in the tional misinformation game, and peo- that personally. As a member of the United States and other countries had to ple’s lives are at stake as this game American Legion I guess I have a pass pool money to pay Colonel Roesdi $7000 to goes on. on that. I would urge to rarely vote get the screening decision reversed. Simi- I want Members to know that last ‘‘no’’ on my good friend the gentleman larly, Ven. Thich Minh Hau, another Bud- fall the gentleman from New York [Mr. from Nebraska, Mr. BEREUTER, and dhist monk, was granted refugee status only GILMAN], the distinguished chairman of ‘‘yes’’ for my friend, the gentleman after his disciples paid $5000 to the screening this committee, the gentleman from authorities so as to prevent his deportation from New Jersey, CHRISTOPHER SMITH. Iowa [Mr. LEACH], and myself wrote a to Vietnam. Several other monks are less [From the Washington Times, May 22, 1995] fortunate. They have spent the past seven letter to the United Nations High Com- U.S. BANKROLLS CORRUPT U.N. PROGRAM months in prison awaiting eventual deporta- missioner for Refugees. We wrote that Since 1989, the United States has contrib- tion to Vietnam, where their Church had letter because six members of the uted roughly 150 million dollars to a United been outlawed. Hmong community who were in the May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H 5543 Ban Napho camp had tried to provide a the United States Congress approves of an amendment with reason, and that is petition to Mr. GILMAN’s staff raising the forced repatriation procedures as why I am for the Bereuter-Obey amend- their concerns about the repatriation they are ongoing at this very moment, ment. process. Those six gentlemen were as a and if we reject the Smith amendment, Mr. MORAN. Mr. Chairman, I move result of that effort arrested, and they Members will reject the hopes and the to strike the requisite number of last were taken to a prison or an immigra- lives of many people of the Hmong words. tion detention center at Suan Phlu. community to torture and in many I rise in support of the Bereuter-Obey Now we wrote asking about them, cases eventual death. amendment and against the amend- and we received a letter back on De- I would suggest that since we voted ment by my friend, the gentleman from cember 7 which said: ‘‘Their well-being, on the Desert Storm resolution and the New Jersey [Mr. SMITH]. like that of other persons of concern to vote to send our troops into hostility Mr. Chairman, there are two very UNHCR, are monitored by full-time and harm’s way, it is this vote this fine Vietnamese restaurants in Arling- UNHCR personnel. You might be inter- afternoon on the Smith amendment ton, Cafe Saigon and Nam Viet. They ested to know that the persons con- which will affect more lives of more in- are owned by a Vietnamese gentleman cerned are in good health and are re- dividuals than any vote since that who served South Vietnam in the ceiving preferential treatment, includ- time. army. In fact, he was imprisoned after- ing English classes. They are only com- I plead with Members for the sake of ward, tortured. plaining of boredom.’’ these people who stood with us as our I met with him in my office, as he is Why do I tell Members that? I tell friends, support the Smith amendment. a constituent, on Friday. He showed them that because between Christmas Mr. ROTH. Mr. Chairman I move to me dozens of pictures. One of those pic- and New Year’s of this past year a strike the requisite number of words. tures was of the chief of intelligence member of my staff and five other staff Mr. Chairman, I think that we have for the South Vietnamese army, who is people gave up of their holidays to go had a good debate on this amendment a very wealthy man now. He is a con- over to Thailand and to try to inves- this afternoon, and I compliment the sultant to the Vietnamese Govern- tigate the circumstances. They were previous speaker from Wisconsin. I ment. He showed me any number of able to get in during visitation hours think that his heart is in the right other pictures of people who had been to that detention center, and while place, and like him and many of you I very active in high-ranking positions they were there they were able to talk have been contacted by our Hmong for the South Vietnamese army who to these six individuals. Do you know community, and our hearts go out to had been considered enemies of the what these six individuals told them? them. But we also have an obligation people on the fall of Saigon but are They told them that there had only to our own people and our own tax- now very much a part of society and been one visit over the entire 4-month payers. the economy. He showed me pictures of detention process by anyone from the We are being flooded with legal and him standing in Hanoi, pictures of him U.N. High Command on Refugees. They illegal immigrants in this country. standing in every place that we would had only been out of their cell once, Now we are going to open up the bor- have thought was off limits. and that was when a friend from the ders. In fact we do not have borders He explained that he was able to Ministry of Interior came to visit over our own country anymore. We are travel anyplace. He went over there be- them. No one from the United States going to take in tens of thousands of cause he has helped to set up an or- Embassy, despite our requests, had economic refugees again. phanage for Vietnamese children, par- been there to visit them, and the U.S. Yes, we should help these people in ticularly the Amerasian children, the Embassy was only 21⁄2 blocks away. the camps. We should look out for children of American GIs, who had They were quarantined in a small cell them. They did stand with us. But the been orphaned who are left in Vietnam, of 18 people. They were required to war was 20 years ago. How many more and he told me, Mr. Chairman, that the sleep on concrete floors with only a are we going to bring into this coun- real need is for American involvement, towel as their bedding. They were try? Yes, we would like to bring every- not for us to turn our backs and con- given only two meals a day of bamboo body into America, but that is not pos- tinue trying to punish Vietnam. He felt and rice. They were given no medical sible. his country and his people had been care at all. Two people complained of This is well-intentioned, but we can- punished enough, that it is now time fevers and two others complained of ul- not allow a new outflow of boat people. for healing, it is time for people like cers. Is that fair to these people, to give him and others like him to participate Now, I tell you all of that because as them hope to bring them on the high in Vietnam’s economy. this debate was emerging last week, seas again? This would not be in their He feels very strongly that the people our State Department sent a new letter best interests. who are living in very difficult condi- regarding this same situation at which Yes, we also have to consider our own tions in refugee camps ought to be re- they said, ‘‘Although the six were people. You know who is going to pay patriated back to Vietnam to see, as he taken to Suan Phlu, they were still for this. We had unfunded mandates we did, the changes that have occurred in considered refugees by the Thai Gov- passed in the first 100 days. These peo- Vietnam, to realize that time marches ernment and UNHCR. They were well ple coming into local communities, on, that the Vietnamese people now are treated and their welfare was mon- who is going to educate them, who is far more focused on the future, a fairly itored by the UNHCR.’’ going to train them? This is going to bright economic future, than they are I do not enjoy calling people like our cost a lot of money. I heard here in de- obsessed in the past. State Department or the UNHCR liars, bate before that we have 1 million that There seem to be more people in this but I have to tell my colleagues when we have brought into the country. How country who are looking upon Vietnam we are talking about truth, when we many more can we absorb? with the blinders of the past than there are talking about justice, when we are are in Vietnam itself. This body time b talking about people’s lives, both of 1615 and again has made wrong decisions these agencies are misrepresenting the Yes, the Hmong are good citizens. We with regard to that country. That truth. have a million here now. How many country has suffered a great deal. I do I do not doubt for 1 second that what more can we absorb? How many more not want that country to be a Com- the gentleman from Nebraska [Mr. BE- can we assimilate? munist nation, but when you trace the REUTER] and the gentleman from Wis- We have an obligation to our own history, we were in many ways consin [Mr. OBEY] are suggesting is people, too, and we have to draw fine complicit with what occurred. that there is some room for some prob- lines, our own people, your taxpayers I am not going to go through a whole lems that need to be resolved. But let and mine. The American people are a history at this point, but I think we us not kid ourselves about this debate people with a great heart, but we must would be far better off taking a con- this afternoon. This is a debate that is also have a level head, and that is why structive role, helping Vietnam de- going to be heard around the world, be- this is a good amendment. It is an velop a free enterprise economy, de- cause this is a debate about whether amendment with a heart, but it is also velop a democracy at some point, H 5544 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE May 24, 1995 which I think is possible, and work Myrick Salmon Tejeda MEEHAN, and Ms. WOOLSEY changed with them to show them how impor- Nadler Sanford Thornton their vote from ‘‘aye’’ to ‘‘no’’. Nethercutt Saxton Tiahrt tant protection of human rights is to Neumann Scarborough Torkildsen Messrs. ALLARD, LAZIO of New us and should be to them. We can only Ney Schaefer Torricelli York, BONO, JOHNSON of South Da- do that when we have face-to-face con- Norwood Schiff Towns kota, UPTON, MARTINI, BACHUS, Nussle Schumer tact with the Vietnamese people. Upton HOYER, NETHERCUTT, PETERSON of Oberstar Scott Velazquez That is why the Bereuter-Obey Ortiz Seastrand Vento Minnesota, BROWDER, HALL of amendment is the appropriate, con- Orton Sensenbrenner Volkmer Texas, STENHOLM, MONTGOMERY, Owens Serrano Vucanovich structive one, and I think the Smith Oxley Shadegg CRAMER, CONDIT, BEVILL, MCHALE, Waldholtz amendment, with all due deference to Packard Shaw TAUZIN, BISHOP, TOWNS, CHAP- Walker Pastor Shays my friend from New Jersey, is focused Walsh MAN, SPRATT, HOLDEN, KILDEE, Paxon Shuster too much in the past and past bigotries Wamp PASTOR, THORNTON, TORKILDSEN, Peterson (MN) Skeen and does not take into consideration Pombo Skelton Waters WILLIAMS, POMEROY, WISE, DE LA the enormous progress that has been Pomeroy Smith (NJ) Watts (OK) GARZA, PORTER, and EDWARDS, and Waxman made in the last few years. Porter Smith (WA) Ms. EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON of Portman Solomon Weldon (FL) The CHAIRMAN. The question is on Poshard Souder Weldon (PA) Texas changed their vote from ‘‘no’’ to the amendment offered by the gen- Pryce Spence Weller ‘‘aye’’. White tleman from New Jersey [Mr. SMITH] to Quillen Spratt So the amendment to the amendment Whitfield Radanovich Stark was agreed to. the amendment offered by the gen- Rahall Stenholm Wicker tleman from Nebraska [Mr. BEREUTER]. Rangel Stockman Williams The result of the vote was announced The question was taken; and the Regula Stupak Wilson as above recorded. Chairman announced that the noes ap- Rohrabacher Talent Wise The CHAIRMAN. The question is on Ros-Lehtinen Tate Wolf peared to have it. Roybal-Allard Tauzin Young (AK) the amendment offered by the gen- RECORDED VOTE Royce Taylor (MS) Young (FL) tleman from Nebraska [Mr. BEREUTER], Sabo Taylor (NC) Zimmer Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. Mr. Chair- as amended. The amendment, as amended, was man, I demand a recorded vote. NOES—156 agreed to. A recorded vote was ordered. Abercrombie Frost Moran The vote was taken by electronic de- Archer Furse Morella AMENDMENT OFFERED BY MR. HASTINGS OF Baldacci Gallegly Neal FLORIDA vice, and there were—ayes 266, noes 156, Barrett (WI) Gejdenson Obey not voting 12, as follows: Mr. HASTINGS of Florida. Mr. Chair- Barton Gephardt Olver man, I offer an amendment. [Roll No. 353] Bass Gibbons Pallone Beilenson Gilchrest Parker The Clerk read as follows: AYES—266 Bereuter Gillmor Payne (NJ) Amendment offered by Mr. HASTINGS: Ackerman DeLay Hyde Bilbray Gonzalez Payne (VA) Bonior Goodlatte Pelosi At the end of the bill add the following new Allard Diaz-Balart Inglis title: Andrews Dickey Istook Borski Gordon Petri Armey Dooley Jackson-Lee Boucher Goss Pickett TITLE XXXVI—ADDITIONAL PROVISIONS Brown (CA) Green Ramstad Bachus Doolittle Johnson (SD) SEC. 3601. ADDITIONAL AUTHORIZATION FOR Baesler Dornan Johnson, E. B. Brown (FL) Greenwood Reed Brown (OH) Hamilton Reynolds THE DEVELOPMENT FUND FOR AF- Baker (CA) Doyle Johnson, Sam RICA. Baker (LA) Dreier Kasich Bryant (TX) Harman Richardson Ballenger Dunn Kelly Cardin Hastert Riggs Notwithstanding section 3221(a)(2) of this Barcia Edwards Kennedy (MA) Castle Hastings (FL) Rivers Act, $802,000,000 is authorized to be appro- Barr Ehlers Kennedy (RI) Clay Hefner Roberts priated for each of the fiscal years 1996 and Barrett (NE) Ehrlich Kennelly Clayton Hilliard Roemer 1997 to carry out chapter 10 of part I of the Bartlett Emerson Kildee Clement Horn Rogers Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2293 Clinger Houghton Rose Bateman Engel Kim et seq.). Becerra English King Clyburn Jacobs Roth Bentsen Evans Kingston Coleman Jefferson Roukema Mr. HASTINGS of Florida (during Berman Everett Klink Collins (IL) Johnson (CT) Rush the reading). Mr. Chairman, I ask Collins (MI) Johnston Sanders Bevill Farr Knollenberg unanimous consent that the amend- Bilirakis Fawell Kolbe Combest Jones Sawyer Bishop Fields (LA) LaHood Costello Kanjorski Schroeder ment be considered as read and printed Bliley Flake Lantos Coyne Kaptur Sisisky in the RECORD. Blute Flanagan Largent Danner Klug Skaggs The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection Boehlert Foglietta LaTourette Deal LaFalce Slaughter Boehner Forbes Lazio DeFazio Latham Smith (MI) to the request of the gentleman from Bonilla Fox Leach DeLauro Laughlin Smith (TX) Florida? Bono Franks (CT) Levin Dellums Lewis (GA) Stearns There was no objection. Deutsch Lightfoot Stokes Brewster Franks (NJ) Lewis (CA) Mr. HASTINGS of Florida. Mr. Chair- Browder Frisa Lewis (KY) Dicks Lipinski Studds Brownback Funderburk Lincoln Dingell Luther Stump man, I offer an amendment today to in- Bryant (TN) Ganske Linder Dixon Maloney Tanner crease by $173 million the Development Bunn Gekas Livingston Doggett Manton Thomas Fund for Africa account. This addi- Bunning Geren LoBiondo Duncan Markey Thompson Burr Gilman Lofgren Durbin Martinez Thornberry tional $173 million will restore this ac- Burton Goodling Longley Ensign Matsui Thurman count to the current funding level. Buyer Graham Lowey Eshoo McCarthy Torres The Development Fund for Africa Ewing McDermott Traficant Callahan Gunderson Lucas was established by a bipartisan major- Camp Gutierrez Manzullo Fattah Meehan Tucker Canady Gutknecht Martini Fields (TX) Meek Visclosky ity in 1987. Why? Because development Chabot Hall (OH) Mascara Filner Mfume Ward aid is clearly in our long-term interest. Chambliss Hall (TX) McCollum Foley Miller (CA) Woolsey Development assistance ensures that Chapman Hancock McCrery Ford Miller (FL) Wyden Chenoweth Hastings (WA) McHale Fowler Minge Wynn underdeveloped economies become sta- Christensen Hayes McHugh Frank (MA) Mink Yates ble friends and future trading and busi- Chrysler Hayworth McInnis Frelinghuysen Moakley Zeliff ness partners. Coble Hefley McIntosh The Development Fund for Africa has Coburn Heineman McKeon NOT VOTING—12 Collins (GA) Herger McKinney Calvert Hansen Meyers been critical to supporting the transi- Condit Hilleary Menendez Conyers Kleczka Peterson (FL) tion in South Africa, crucial in turning Cooley Hinchey Metcalf Cubin McDade Quinn around Africa’s economic decline, has Cox Hobson Mica Fazio McNulty Watt (NC) Cramer Hoekstra Mineta helped bring about market liberaliza- tion efforts in some 20 countries, and Crane Hoke Molinari b 1649 Crapo Holden Mollohan has addressed basic issues such as girls Cremeans Hostettler Montgomery Messrs. EWING, MANTON, education, vaccinations against cur- Cunningham Hoyer Moorhead Davis Hunter Murtha THORNBERRY, STEARNS, BARRETT able diseases, and halting the spread of de la Garza Hutchinson Myers of Wisconsin, JACOBS, MATSUI, and AIDS. May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H 5545 The Development Fund for Africa goal for the past 40 years was the dis- sources among the various spending helps develop the physical infrastruc- solution of the communist system. We priorities. ture, the human resource base, and the have been largely successful in achiev- It was in that context of competing rule of law structures which provide a ing this goal, but the repercussions of priorities that the committee, while safe and hospitable locale for American the breakup mean that there is both a considering the bill at our mark up ses- businesses to operate successfully. The political and financial vacuum in many sions, gave a great deal of attention to Development Fund for Africa was spe- troubled spots. Now that we have the funding of the Development Fund cifically created to target development forced so many countries to abandon for Africa. resources efficiently in countries that either their type of government or While the budget climate required both need the assistance and have the their support system, do we now say, that all programs contribute their fair potential to become self-sufficient ‘‘Sorry, you’re on your own? We can’t share to the deficit reduction effort, we economies which can later buy our help?’’ I don’t think so. cut aid to Africa less than other devel- products. Senator Claude Pepper of Florida was opment assistance programs. Cuts in the Development Fund for Af- the only Member of Congress to criti- Aid for Latin America and the Carib- rica account would undercut our ef- cize the isolationist mood in the U.S. bean, areas of the world also of great forts to strengthen export markets and Congress when Hitler began toppling concern to every member of the Flor- fledgling democracies in southern Afri- nations in 1939. Senator Pepper argued ida delegation, has not been protected ca; undermine our ability to prevent that it was the responsibility of all with funds destined as a separate line Somalia-like crises and famine; and di- mankind to intervene in the face of item in this bill. minish support for democracy building evil. Senator Pepper said, ‘‘when a few What will happen is that by raising to countries in political transition, al- men are wronged and the force of bru- the aid for Africa without specifying lowing countries like Mozambique and tality and the jungle are let loose, the source of the funds, eventually it Angola (which are on the cusp of recov- when civilization is denied and godli- could hurt the poor nations of the Car- ery) to slip into chaos and crises simi- ness and goodness scorned, that is no ibbean and Latin America whose devel- lar to Rwanda. private war, that is a war against man. opment assistance programs will be cut Those who would dismiss Africa as Hence, to vindicate those things for or perhaps other areas will be cut. being unimportant are taking a nar- which good men stand, good men ev- This has been the history of the aid row, shortsighted view of American in- erywhere must stand together against program over the last few years—as terests. We are making a long-term in- wrong, not only wrong to a chosen few, other regions of the world have re- vestment in Africa, and we know from but wrong to any man, woman or ceived increased development assist- our own experience that the United child.’’ States benefits directly from the devel- To ignore our responsibilities to na- ance funding, at least some part of the opment which foreign aid helps fuel. tions less fortunate, to refuse to share money to provide that assistance has We hear a lot of talk about Africa our bounty, to silence our teachers, to been taken from the aid programs in being a sinkhole for foreign aid and shut out friends who cry for our help, Latin America and the Caribbean or that the U.S. has no reason to remain these are crimes against humanity. other areas of the globe. engaged in Africa. The American people are not that I think this would be a mistake. But I am not sure that many Mem- cruel, nor should we be. I beg my col- We are trying to help countries in bers are aware that South Africa leagues, support the Hastings amend- the Caribbean to improve their stand- played a key role in the recent indefi- ment. ard of living, just as we are trying to nite extension of the Nuclear Non-Pro- help Africa, Latin America, Europe and b liferation Treaty. 1700 on and on. U.S. engagement, and U.S. assist- Ms. ROS-LEHTINEN. Mr. Chairman, Economic development programs in ance, has played an important part in I move to strike the last word. Latin America are an important part the emergence of South Africa as a Mr. Chairman, it is with great reluc- of our overall efforts to control the il- democratic partner for the United tance that I rise to oppose this amend- legal immigration and drug trafficking States. ment to increase the funding level for that has had an impact on the people of South Africa’s role in the NPT con- aid to Africa. Florida and other southern States. ference shows that our support is al- If we had an unlimited amount of There was an intensive debate in ready bringing dividends. money to allocate to foreign aid, I Committee, and the bill’s funding level Nor are many Members aware that would join Mr. HASTINGS in supporting of $629 million for the Development American exports to Africa are grow- $802 million for the Development Fund Fund for Africa is one that was given ing faster than U.S. exports to Europe for Africa. great care. and that U.S. trade with Africa exceeds Mr. HASTINGS has been a good friend, We had to find other programs in the our trade with the former Soviet both as a fellow member of the Florida bill and forced them to accept dis- Union. delegation, and, as one of the most ac- proportionately large cuts in order to It is in our national interest to pre- tive members of the Subcommittee on provide this level of aid to Africa. vent crises like we have witnessed in Africa. I should note that the Development Rwanda and Somalia, which together Whenever we have a subcommittee Fund for Africa is not the only source cost us $2.25 billion in emergency as- meeting—not just at the hearings or of funding for aid programs in Africa. sistance funds. Preventive diplomacy formal briefings, but in the many infor- will help us avoid these crises. mal, private activities we have, such as It is important to keep this in mind. Aid to Africa is not only in our self- meetings with foreign officials or the President Clinton has the authority interest, it is consonant with our na- local members of the African diplo- to take funds from the PL–480 program tional values. We have a long and matic corps—I can always count on Mr. and channel PL–480 resources to Africa. proud tradition in this great country of HASTINGS to be there and to be a very He also has the authority to allocate helping the needy both home and active participant. general development assistance funds abroad. Emergency aid is invaluable And, as someone who is new to the and apply them to projects and pro- for relieving human suffering, but sus- assignment on the Africa Subcommit- grams in Africa. tainable development assistance is tee, I have found that Mr. HASTINGS is In addition to the DFA funding, Afri- critical to breaking the cycle of de- a very valuable resource as I study the ca projects are funded by A.I.D., pendency and despair by addressing the issues of American policy toward Afri- through its Global Programs Bureau root causes of poverty. ca. and out of regular Development Assist- We have unavoidable responsibilities But we don’t live in an age of unlim- ance funding. around the world. Some of the prob- ited resources. About $60 million a year in Peace lems around the world which currently We live in a time of fiscal austerity Corps programs, and a quarter billion demand our attention are problems of and we have to make the hard deci- dollars of PL–480 programs, are also our own making. Our foreign policy sions on how to allocate limited re- provided to Africa each year. H 5546 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE May 24, 1995 One should, in the current climate of about exports to the developing Therefore, without the funding, I cutbacks in all programs, allow the ad- world—exports which amount to 40 per- must be opposed to this amendment. ministration some flexibility in man- cent of all U.S. exports. Mr. JOHNSTON of Florida. Mr. aging these program cuts. But for there to be a market there Chairman, I move to strike the req- Increasing the funding for Africa will needs to be healthy, educated and eco- uisite number of words. actually deprive President Clinton, and nomically productive societies. Slash- Mr. Chairman, at the markup of the his Secretary of State, of the flexibil- ing the DFA to bits will not accom- full committee, I made probably the ity they need to manage the program plish that goal. Not at all. improprietous observation that this cutbacks in accord with their foreign That is why I am cosponsoring this bill is racist. And I want to point out policy needs and priorities. amendment, along with some of my that it is not racist through malice, it I therefore urge Members to vote distinguished colleagues on the Inter- is racist through ignorance. The fact is against this amendment. national Relations Committee, to raise that I do not think that many of the Mr. HASTINGS. Mr. Chairman, will the DFA to the fiscal year 1995 level of Members of the full committee have the gentlewoman yield? $802 million. any idea about Africa. Ms. ROS-LEHTINEN. I yield to the Strangely enough, while this bill For the last 2 years, I chaired the gentleman from Florida. slashes lifesaving programs like the Subcommittee on Africa of the Com- Mr. HASTINGS. Mr. Chairman, I ask DFA, we are finding room to increase mittee on International Relations. I most respectfully, is the gentlewoman our military sales program. toured 26 countries during that period aware that the accounts that she iden- Unlike the DFA, this is not a pro- of time. Each time I went, I asked tified are all being cut as well? gram geared to help people that are Members of the minority party, then Ms. ROS-LEHTINEN. Mr. Chairman, starving, or are in the midst of democ- Republicans, to accompany me. In fact, absolutely, we agreed. That is part of racy building. Maintaining aid to Afri- I begged them to come with me to Afri- the basis of my speech. All of the pro- ca is within our responsibility as a ca, and in that 2-year period not one grams are being cut. world leader and it is the least that we ventured to travel. In fact, the Africa program, in rela- can do for people who are deserving of In the majority report to this bill, tion to the other programs that are our assistance. I strongly urge your they refer to ‘‘Africa did this’’ and ‘‘Af- being cut, is not nearly cut as much. I support for this amendment. rica did that.’’ You would think that think that is the point that I was mak- Mr. ROTH. Mr. Chairman, I move to Africa was a country in itself. I made ing; all of the programs are cut, just as strike the requisite number of words. the flip remark in the committee that we are cutting domestic programs, so Mr. Chairman, as a member of this someday I am going to expect a Repub- we should cut foreign programs. subcommittee, the Subcommittee on lican to come up to me and ask me Mr. ACKERMAN. Mr. Chairman, I Africa, I know how heartfelt this where the capital of Africa is. But move to strike the requisite number of amendment is. I congratulate the au- would we say the same thing about words. thor of this amendment. I agree that I yield to the gentlewoman from Asia? Would we say Asia did this and the people of Africa need help. I would Asia did that and, therefore, let us cut Texas [Ms. JACKSON-LEE]. Ms. JACKSON-LEE. Mr. Chairman, I like to support my friend from Florida off relief to this entire continent? rise to support restoring the develop- in his efforts to help deserving people My colleagues, this is Africa. This is ment fund for Africa to its current in Africa. Like everyone else, I have a a continent four times larger than the funding levels which is good for people question, however. Where is the money United States. It is a continent that and for business and for all of America. going to come from? has over 56 countries in there, and it is Mr. ACKERMAN. Mr. Chairman, I If my colleague could offer a cor- a continent which is exploding with de- rise today in strong support of the De- responding cut and make his amend- mocracies. velopment Fund for Africa. The DFA ment budget neutral, then possibly we Let me go around there. Let us start protects some of the most vulnerable could all support his amendment. But out with South Africa, the jewel of the people on earth. And efforts to slash it just to come in with a blank amend- crown. South Africa now is an emerg- by $173 million are simply unaccept- ment is not going to get the job done. ing democracy. It has $100 billion in able. It is only a wish list. GNP. You can just go around the con- As you know, Mr. Chairman, the Af- If instead the money must come from tinent. Botswana. Botswana has sur- rican continent represents one of the the taxpayers packets, then I must op- plus now in its treasury. Malawi just last untapped markets in the world. pose the amendment. I cannot agree to ended up having its elections and is a And the continent has seen tremendous add $173 million to the budget deficit. democracy. progress, with new democracies taking It is clear as a bell that there are many Zimbabwe. Mozambique is coming root throughout:—South Africa being worthwhile programs, but that is how out of a depression there. Uganda, Idi the most shining example. we got into this budget mess that cries Amin’s country, is now a democracy If the DFA is cut by $173 million, not out today for a solution. So let me reit- there and is trading with the United only will ordinary people suffer, but erate; the goals here are laudable, but States. the U.S. image as a world leader will be the ladder to the goal is missing. Tanzania. Look at the French seriously damaged: If the 167 million can be found in francophone countries, Chad, Niger, The aid program to South Africa—a other programs, if we can find the Benin, Carte de Vois, Burkina Faso, role model of evolutionary change with money in other projects, then I think Senegal, Mali, all of these countries respect for market economics—will be this would be an amendment that we want to have better relationships with undermined. Should the United States should go with. But this Congress can- the United States and are breaking cut and run after campaigning against not abide and adhere to every Mem- away from the French codes there and apartheid for so long? ber’s wish list. will be great trading partners. The AIDS epidemic will worsen—an On my way into the Capitol this Look at Ghana. Jerry Rawlings now estimated two million additional peo- afternoon I was looking again. Is there in Ghana is trying to settle the dispute ple will become infected with HIV due any money growing on the trees? And in Liberia, a great ally there and a to cutbacks in U.S.-supported pro- to everybody’s surprise, I must say I great trading partner. grams. did not find any money growing on b 1715 Programs that help prevent hunger trees. Until that happens, i.e., money by investing in sustainable farming grows on trees, we must find money Namibia down here, free elections, will be decimated. from sources in this bill. Reallocate or and a democracy. Seychelles, Mauri- And the expansion of United States find new funds. tius, Eritrea, such a new country it is exports to the African continent, which Again, the goals of this amendment not even on my map here. Eritrea is a now amount to over $4.4 billion, will be are laudable. I appreciate what the democracy which we will trade with. hindered. gentleman is trying to do. But the Next year, see Angola come around. Mr. Chairman, U.S. aid is not a give question remains, the $173 million, Angola can feed this entire continent. away; it’s an investment that brings where will it come from? Zambia, Central African Republic, the May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H 5547

Congo and even Kenya. Look at 1997, Ms. MCKINNEY. Mr. Chairman, will because of the wars and because of lack where Liberia, our colony in this con- the gentleman yield? I would like to of democracy over there and because of tinent and our responsibility, will know why he is cutting student loans. the problems, those minerals and those probably be a democracy, along with Mr. BURTON of Indiana. The school things that would make them self-suf- Ethiopia and Nigeria. lunch program was increased 4 percent ficient have not been mined. My friend, the gentleman from Wis- per year. We are just sending it back in Therefore, rather than just throwing consin [Mr. ROTH], at the committee block grants, we are not cutting it. We money at the problem, we as a Nation meeting said ‘‘Gee, Egypt is in Africa.’’ are cutting the rate of growth. How- need to be working with those govern- Of course it is in Africa. Egypt gets ever, that is another subject. ments to bring about the democracy about $1.5 billion. I might point out, The fact of the matter is we have to that my colleagues have talked about, though, that Egypt is not sub-Saharan control spending. That means we have so they can start taking care of them- Africa. Egypt is not black Africa, to make hard choices. I am very con- selves, so we can wean them away from which I came up with the phrase, this cerned about the people in the Sudan. the United States foreign aid program. being racist. Egypt is not in the juris- My colleague, the gentleman from Vir- We cannot take care of the entire diction of the subcommittee on Africa. ginia [Mr. WOLF], has been down here world indefinitely. We are the only su- Egypt is not under the Assistant Sec- on the floor talking about that. perpower left, we do have responsibil- retary of State for Africa. Egypt is now We have met with some of the people ities, but the amount of money we have considered the Middle East. Let us talk from the Sudan about the horrible in this budget is realistic. I think this about sub-Saharan Africa. atrocities that are taking place, and amendment, therefore, should be de- We now have the development fund the people starving to death over there. feated. Mr. FOGLIETTA. Mr. Chairman, I for Africa. The development fund for We worked very hard to get food aid in move to strike the requisite number of Africa is $600 million for 600 million there. We did the same thing in Soma- lia. However, we cannot cut the defense words. people. There is where I think it is im- Mr. Chairman, I rise in strong sup- moral. That is why I feel this bill is im- budget to take care of those problems. The fact of the matter is the defense port of this important amendment moral. which would restore funding for the If we want to get the funds for this, budget has been used in large part for a lot of the new military forays and ob- Development Fund for Africa. last night the gentleman from Indiana The African continent is in a state of jectives in Somalia and in Haiti, and [Mr. BURTON], said ‘‘We can cut the transition. This transition holds great we have used an awful lot of our mili- State Department by 5 percent and no- promise as well as peril for the people tary money in those areas. body will be harmed.’’ Why not cut the of Africa and the community of na- Defense Department by 5 percent, that The budget is so strapped in that area that we have a lot of people who tions. In South Africa, we have wit- is $12 billion 5 million, and it can un- nessed the peaceful transition to a are in the military whose quality of derwrite the entire foreign affairs bill multiracial democracy. In Rwanda, un- life is already suffering. We all know that we are stripping to pieces here told innocents have been killed in the that. In fact, some of those people have today. struggle between rival Hutus and been on food stamps, people in our own Mr. Chairman, I strongly support the Tutsis. Hastings amendment. I think these military. We have to be careful when Despite the challenges, I believe that funds should be restored, or we are we start talking about cutting the de- Africa’s future can be one of peace and going to lose Africa. We are going to fense of this Nation. economic prosperity. lose a great trading partner. We are Mr. Chairman, let me just get back However, they will need our help. going to lose 28 emerging democracies, to the case at hand. We need to set pri- The Development Fund for Africa has which we have pumped money into, and orities. Make no mistake about it, Af- proven to be a successful economic de- we are seeing results for the first time. rica is a priority. Maybe it should be a velopment tool which has enabled higher priority, but as my colleague, ANNOUNCEMENT BY THE CHAIRMAN many nations to begin the transition the gentleman from Wisconsin, said a to free market economies and stable The CHAIRMAN. Our visitors in the while ago, let us find the money some- democratic institutions. This proven gallery are admonished not to applaud place else. If we can find it someplace program has made valuable invest- during the debate. else and we can do it, then I do not ments which have greatly improved Mr. BURTON of Indiana. Mr. Chair- have any problem with doing that in health care services, expanded edu- man, I move to strike the requisite conference committee. cational opportunities and boosted number of words. The fact of the matter is that at this small business development. First of all, Mr. Chairman, I am very point, $629 million, plus $5 million for Several years ago, Mozambique was sympathetic to the remarks made by the Africa regional peacekeeping force, embroiled in a vicious civil war. Last my colleague, the gentleman from $1.1 million for the Organization of Af- year, with the help of American assist- Florida. I do not believe anybody in rican Unity, $10 million for Angola, or ance, free and fair elections were held this Chamber is racist, but I do believe $5 million, and some other funds from and ninety percent of registered voters there are problems in Africa that other areas of government, is about all went to the polls. should be addressed. We are trying our we can afford. In Guinea, American assistance and best to do that. We are sending $629 I would just like to say to my col- training programs have helped to in- million there this year, and $614 mil- leagues, we are doing what we can. crease elementary school attendence lion next year. This amendment would, This is a lean, mean foreign affairs by 43 percent. In the country of Mali, over a 2-year period, increase by $360 budget, foreign aid package, but it is agricultural production has doubled million the amount of money that is one that I think is realistic and one since 1981 with the help of American going over there. that deals with the problem. technical assistance. I notice we have a lot of young people I would like to end up by saying one These are the building blocks of a visiting with us today. Many of them other thing. I think the last speaker stable continent—a community of na- applauded. Many of us in this Chamber that spoke on the Democrat side al- tions which can help advance American are very concerned about their futures, luded to the fact that Angola in a few interests in the world and can become because we know if we do not get con- short years could take care of the an important trading partner. trol of Government spending in this whole continent. There are a number of Working in partnership with the peo- country, that at one point, some point countries in Africa that are mineral- ple of Africa we have made great in the future, we are going to have a rich. They have large resources. They progress. With a relatively small in- debt so great that the interest on the have diamond mines, all kinds of min- vestment—representing roughly 0.05 debt alone is going to gobble up a lot of erals. As a matter of fact, during the percent of our 1.5 trillion budget, we our tax dollars, and their quality of life cold war, 11 minerals that we had to can continue this work and build a will start to deteriorate. We have to have to survive as a Nation only came bright future. get control of Federal spending, so we from two sources, the Soviet Union, Mr. Chairman, I urge my colleagues have to make hard choices. and the southern part of Africa. Yet, to support the people of Africa and H 5548 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE May 24, 1995 American interests in this important dented gains in peace and commerce. Second, during the cold war, when part of the world by supporting this In the area of agriculture, for example, Africa was used and abused. Used by amendment. we now export about one-third of the both the Soviet Union and the United Mrs. CLAYTON. Mr. Chairman, I products we produce. Last year, farm States to fight hot wars on African move to strike the requisite number of and farm-related exports generated soil. The most symbolic were in An- words. more than $100 billion in economic ac- gola, Ethiopia, Eritrea, and Somalia, Mr. Chairman, I rise in support of the tivity for America, producing nearly 1 and you know there were others. amendment offered by my colleague, million jobs here. With respect to mer- Abused, because we ignored humani- the gentleman from Florida [Mr. HAST- chandise trade, farm production actu- tarian principles, and turned our eyes INGS] and others. I believe it is short- ally generates a trade surplus which, away from corruption and human sighted to think that we can promote this year, is expected to be some $20 rights abuses when it seemed in the in- democracy, encourage world peace and billion. In North Carolina, farm and terest of winning. expand trade opportunities in America, farm-related jobs constitute at least It now would seem fair that pref- while pursuing a policy of isolation. one-fifth of the employment and, on erential rehabilitation assistance is That is particularly true when it comes average, 25 to 30 percent of the reve- needed to right the wrongs of the past, to developing nations—nations that nue. It, therefore, greatly concerns me even though they may have been justi- may hang in the balance—when it when I see proposals to impose deep fied in winning the cold war. comes to their tilt towards democracy. cuts in foreign development for Africa We really were not very good teach- I have been encouraged, in recent programs which provide opportunity ers in preparing Africa for our grand plans of multi-party democracies and years, by the growing number of Afri- for trade. We should not blindly cut free markets economies to be operated can nations that have converted to de- programs in our march toward a bal- mocracy, and, I believe, foreign aid has free of corruption. anced budget by the year 2002. We Measures of the quality of life in Af- been a vital element in those conver- should pass a budget bill that aims at sions. rica have spiralled down in the last two a balanced budget. I support that goal. decades, at the same time going up in I also believe that foreign aid is par- We must be certain that our actions other parts of the developing world. ticularly critical to the expansion of do not further weaken the United Many, like Vice President GORE, who trade opportunities. Although, I be- States as we seek to compete in an in- read the Kaplan article in Atlantic lieve that the policies we pursue to en- creasingly competitive global market- Monthly were appalled at the condition courage the expansion of trade should place. This is not 1946, Mr. Chairman. of Africa, and determined to assist the be evaluated, an across-the-board budg- America no longer maintains the domi- et cutting is an unwise position. Unfor- continent. Unfortunately, others nant position we once held in the world doubted Africa was even salvageable. tunately, the House-passed budget res- marketplace. We are being dramati- olution and the Senate committee We are now a few years into the third cally outspent by other nations whose period, which I would call the post cold budget resolution propose the elimi- goal is to promote their products and nation or major reduction of the Inter- war period. Armed conflict continues replace us whenever they can. Perhaps, to afflict sub-Saharan Africa where national Trade Administration, the even more importantly, Mr. Chairman, Trade Development Agency, the fighting persists in Sudan, Liberia, and I believe we can best achieve security Sierra Leone, and we have our fingers Eximbank and agricultural export pro- in this Nation by interacting economi- crossed on Angola, despite the cease motion programs. The Overseas Pri- cally with other nations. Foreign aid fire agreement. The potential for re- vate Investment Corporation [OPIC] and economic interaction with other newed outbreaks in Rwanda, Burundi, would be privatized. On top of that re- nations is not a giveaway, it is a sound and Somalia is high, and other coun- structuring, the bill we are now consid- and prudent investment in our own se- tries like Zaire and Nigeria are at risk. ering, H.R. 1561, would reduce the curity. The best way to avoid war is to Human rights problems have been ac- amount of foreign aid authorized by $1 promote peace. An effective way of pro- celerated due to overpopulation and billion, and would eliminate three moting peace is to engage in commerce lack of sustainable development. How- agencies—The Agency for Inter- and finance with the World commu- ever, all is not gloom and doom. There national Development, the U.S. Infor- nity. The Hastings amendment focuses have been historic advances. In South mation Agency and the Arms Control on mineral rich and strategically im- Africa, Namibia, Botswana, Ghana, and and Disarmament Agency. The func- portant Africa—a continent where de- other countries we could name. tions of those agencies would be moved mocracy can flourish. By investing in I would also like to relate the his- to the Department of State. The Sen- Africa now, we can assure that we will toric Congressional Black Caucus ef- ate version of the bill had proposed continue and expand trade with them forts to reverse the inequalities of the moving the functions of the U.S. and in the future. And, by investing in Afri- past lead by former Congressmen Foreign Commercial Service to the De- ca now, we establish relationships that Diggs, Dymally, and Gray, not to men- partment of State and combining the will be vital if the security of the Unit- tion the contribution of RON DELLUMS Eximbank, the Trade Development ed States is threatened. Support the in sponsoring the Anti-Apartheid Act Agency and OPIC into one quasi-inde- Hastings amendment. which mobilized Americans against ra- pendent agency. Those provisions, how- Mr. PAYNE of New Jersey. Mr. cial discrimination in South Africa. ever, did not survive committee consid- Chairman, I move to strike the req- And, remember the late Mickey Le- eration last week and are not now in- uisite number of words. land, who gave his very life in pursuit cluded in the Senate bill. (Mr. PAYNE of New Jersey asked and of increasing the awareness of all Mr. Chairman, I do not think we was given permission to revise and ex- Americans to the plight of our Africa. should lose sight of the fact that, com- tend his remarks.) I do not feel aid to Africa should be pared to other, major industrialized na- Mr. PAYNE of New Jersey. Mr. considered a partisan issue. Both the tions, the United States ranks last in Chairman, I rise in support of the Hast- Republicans and Democrats have been terms of the percentage of gross na- ings amendment to restore the $802 most cooperative in preserving the tional product [GNP] devoted to ex- million level for the Development Fund Subcommittee on Africa when Con- ports. There seems, therefore, to be lit- for Africa. gress was requested to scale down the tle wonder that we have a growing bal- In order to put this subject in per- number of committees. Africa, which ance of trade deficit when Britain, spective it would be helpful to look at usually comes last, was considered im- France, Canada, Italy, Germany, and the three periods in recent Africa his- portant by both parties. Members like Japan, spend more per thousand dollars tory that have bearing on changing the former Chairman HAMILTON, Chairman of gross national product than we do. course of events for Africa. First, the GILMAN, Speaker GINGRICH, and HENRY The irony of these proposals is that independence era in the early 1960’s HYDE were most helpful. this radical change comes at a time when the continent was freed of their There are many Republicans on the when our export promotion programs colonial masters, and leaving them Senate side like NANCY KASSEBAUM, and, presumably, our foreign aid pro- without adequate resources and prepa- Chair of the Senate Africa Affairs Com- grams, are helping to produce unprece- ration for their new freedom. mittee, JAMES JEFFORDS, PAUL May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H 5549

COVERDELL. All have Africa’s interest Mr. HASTINGS of Florida. Further can countries were still under colonial at heart. reserving the right to object, I would rule. That is not true today. Today Just think, Africa has almost 60 still need an additional 15 minutes, Mr. nearly two-thirds of the countries in countries with a population over 600 Chairman. If we could conclude by 6:15, Sub-Saharan Africa have or are in the million. If we do not adopt the Hast- then that would be acceptable. transition to democratically elected ings Amendment this will leave us pro- Mr. GILMAN. Mr. Chairman, we will governments. viding less than $1 per person in the accept the 6:15 deadline, with the time In some of the poorest regions of Af- neediest of all continents. to be equally divided. rica, U.S. support for childhood immu- In closing I would like to quote Tony Mr. HASTINGS of Florida. Mr. Chair- nization and oral rehydration therapy Lake, the President’s national security man, I withdraw my reservation of ob- has resulted in saving 800,000 children advisor in a recent speech he made on jection. per year. We have had great successes. May 3. He said: The CHAIRMAN. Without objection, But the important point today is we If the United States cuts aid to Russia, the the gentleman from New York [Mr. can have far greater successes if we pace of economic reform will be slowed and GILMAN] will be recognized for 20 min- make a very small investment. An in- important American interests will be utes, and the gentleman from Florida vestment has two benefits: First, it harmed. If the United States cuts Aid to Af- [Mr. HASTINGS] will be recognized for 20 helps us avoid humanitarian crises rica, while our interests are less effected, minutes. which we may ultimately be called on people will die. There was no objection. to address. Second and most impor- I ask you—is an African life not The CHAIRMAN. The Chair recog- tantly, though, it opens new markets worth the investment of a few more nizes the gentleman from New York for U.S. goods. What does that mean? pennies per person to come back to the [Mr. GILMAN]. It means jobs for American workers. $802 million level for the Development Mr. GILMAN. Mr. Chairman, I think I think we have an opportunity to ad- Fund for Africa. Support the Hastings since they have more speakers on the vance our long-term interests, provide amendment and save African children. other side, I would reserve my time and assistance with infrastructure in Afri- b allow the other side to proceed. ca, and create new open markets recep- 1730 The CHAIRMAN. The Chair recog- tive to U.S. exports. We have got exam- Mr. GILMAN. Mr. Chairman, I have nizes the gentleman from Florida [Mr. ples of our export situation improving been informed that we have 5 speakers HASTINGS]. on the other side remaining and that Mr. HASTINGS of Florida. Mr. Chair- dramatically in Africa. We need to we have several on this side. man, I yield 3 minutes to the gen- take advantage of it. The money is there. It may not grow on trees but it Mr. Chairman, I ask unanimous con- tleman from Maryland [Mr. WYNN]. sent that all debate on this amendment Mr. WYNN. Mr. Chairman, I thank is certainly available in this budget. I be concluded by 6 p.m. with the time to the gentleman for yielding me the hope the House will concur and support be equally divided on both sides. time. the Hastings amendment. The CHAIRMAN. On this amendment Mr. Chairman, I rise today in strong Mr. HASTINGS of Florida. Mr. Chair- and all amendments thereto? support of the amendment of the gen- man, I yield 3 minutes to my friend, Mr. GILMAN. On this amendment tleman from Florida to restore full the gentleman from New York [Mr. and all amendments thereto, Mr. funding to the Development Fund for ENGEL]. Chairman. Africa. Mr. ENGEL. Mr. Chairman, I thank The CHAIRMAN. With 12 minutes on You have heard a lot of talk about my friend, the gentleman from Florida, each side and the time to be managed how we cannot afford it. Let me set the for yielding me the time. by the gentleman from New York [Mr. record straight. For anyone who is Mr. Chairman, last November he was GILMAN] and the gentleman from Flor- under a misconception, foreign aid my colleague, along with the gen- ida [Mr. HASTINGS]. amounts to 1 percent of the United tleman from Florida [Mr. JOHNSTON] Is there objection to the request of States budget. and the gentleman from Louisiana [Mr. the gentleman from New York? I think we can afford it, because it is JEFFERSON] on a trip to West Africa. Mr. HASTINGS of Florida. Mr. Chair- consistent with our long-term objec- We visited five countries in West Afri- man, preserving the right to object, if tives. Someone said, ‘‘Well, money ca, and it was just unbelievable. I could engage the gentleman from New doesn’t grow on trees. Where are we These countries, many of which were York [Mr. GILMAN], the chairman, in going to get the money?’’ leaning toward the Soviet bloc during dialogue further, I misunderstood the I suggest that there are a lot of Re- the 1960’s, are now looking to the gentleman. publican pork projects laying around United States for aid and help. I said it Did the gentleman say 12 minutes for from which we can get the money. I the other day. I will say it again now. each side total? suggest there are a lot of tax breaks for My colleagues, did we win the cold war Mr. GILMAN. Mr. Chairman, if the the wealthy from which we can get the to just throw it all away? gentleman will yield, the total would money. At any rate, when you are only A little bit of U.S. money goes such be concluded by 6 p.m., with the time talking about a fraction, 1 percent, of a long way, No. 1, in helping democracy remaining to be equally divided. the budget, it seems to me the money take root in these countries; No. 2, in Mr. HASTINGS of Florida. Mr. Chair- ought to be found. making these countries effective as a man, further reserving the right to ob- I would like to talk today about trading partner with the United States; ject, I most respectfully will have to some of the success stories involved in No. 3, in ensuring that these countries object because I do have a number of the Development Fund for Africa be- will continue to have friendly relations speakers that have been waiting, and I cause I think they illustrate the point. with the United States; and, No. 4, in recognize that they, too, deserve an op- Our foreign aid program ought to ad- ensuring that the United States will portunity to be heard. vance our interests. Our interests are have influence in these countries. Mr. GILMAN. How many speakers reflected in these successes. The other side talks a lot about free does the gentleman have? American exports to Ghana expanded market economies and business and Mr. HASTINGS of Florida. Probably by 73 percent between 1992 and 1993 as whatever. I can think of no better way there are 6 additional speakers. I could a result of U.S. programs that helped to spend our money than in these ask them to curtail some of their re- revise the investment code, remove emerging African nations which will marks and doubtless they will be able regulatory bottlenecks and improve in- develop free market economies which to do that. frastructures. will be good trading partners with the Mr. GILMAN. Mr. Chairman, I will be In Zimbabwe, U.S. programs to United States with just a little bit of pleased to reduce our time to 10 min- strengthen the business climate have help from us. utes and give the remainder of the time helped to formulate antitrust laws, It makes no sense for me, and that is to the gentleman as long as we con- lowered interest barriers for U.S. ex- why I have problems with this bill. clude by 6 p.m. porters, and investors. This is essentially an isolationist bill. Would the gentleman find that ac- Forty years ago we had a very dif- We are retreating from our traditional ceptable? ferent situation. Nine out of ten Afri- role in the world. I know some people H 5550 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE May 24, 1995 say, well, America cannot be the po- Foreign aid for Africa has never re- But we are talking about merely $802 liceman of the world. I do not think we ceived full funding. That is really not million for 56 countries, a mere $802 can, either, but we certainly can help an argument here. million for 56 countries. Gentleman, with technology. We certainly can help It is not hard to imagine reductions $629 million is simply too little. democracy take root. severely compromising the many gains I urge my colleagues to support the My colleagues, it is to our benefit, it that you have made in helping create Hastings amendment. The Develop- is to America’s benefit. Seventy-five strong economies, reduce population ment Fund for Africa must not be sin- percent of all foreign aid moneys are growth and protect the environment in gled out to carry a disproportionate spent right back in this country, stim- Africa. Deep cuts could also lead to the share of cutbacks simply to meet my ulating our economy, helping us by rapid destabilization of these early de- colleagues’ commitment to reduce the creating jobs. One percent of our budg- mocracies, possibly resulting in unten- budget. et, that is all foreign aid is, and all we able and costly human crises and con- Mr. HASTINGS of Florida. Mr. Chair- hear is cut, cut. It makes no sense flicts. man, how much time is remaining? whatsoever. This is not a situation in which the The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman I am on the Subcommittee on Africa United States would want to find itself. from Florida [Mr. HASTINGS] has 8 min- of the Committee on International Re- It is very, very important that we pro- utes remaining. lations. I want to be on that sub- tect our interests in Africa. Three of Mr. HASTINGS of Florida. Does my committee because I want to be part of them. We want to help them develop distinguished chairman have any addi- a generation of Americans that does the economies which will create ex- tional speakers? something for this continent, that ports, which we have heard before, and Mr. GILMAN. We have one more shows a partnership with the countries jobs here in the United States. We do speaker on this side, Mr. Chairman. of Africa. I can think of no more im- not want to have any more Somalias or Mr. HASTINGS of Florida. Do I have portant place whereby America can es- Rwandas which had a terrible cost in the right to close, Mr. Chairman? tablish democracy in these emerging terms of human suffering and social The CHAIRMAN. The manager of the republics. significance. bill has the right to close. The gen- tleman from New York [Mr. GILMAN] Mr. Chairman, I support the gentle- The Development Fund for Africa is has the right to close. man’s amendment to restore funding our main policy instrument in develop- Mr. HASTINGS of Florida. That for the Development Fund for Africa to ing these interests. I think we should being the case, Mr. Chairman, I yield current levels. If I had my druthers, we just be fair and be sure that the Devel- myself such time as I may consume. would do even more. I hope my col- opment Fund for Africa does not keep Mr. Chairman, to close the debate on leagues support this amendment. the deep, deep cuts which you have done to them already. our side, nowhere is the justification Mr. HASTINGS of Florida. Mr. Chair- for foreign aid clearer and more com- man, I yield 3 minutes to my colleague b 1745 pelling in terms of our national values and neighbor in service, the distin- Remember that to support the Hast- than Africa. Africa is the final frontier guished gentlewoman from Florida ings amendment; it is a good amend- for development. The great global chal- [Mrs. MEEK]. ment. lenges of tomorrow can be seen in the Mrs. MEEK of Florida. Mr. Chair- Mr. HASTINGS of Florida. Mr. Chair- challenges facing Africa today, and man, first of all, I have the greatest man, I yield 3 minutes to the distin- even if I were to turn to the tragedy of amount of respect and admiration for guished gentlewoman from Michigan disease which obviously foments within my colleague, the gentleman from [Miss COLLINS]. the confines of the rain forests in that Florida [Mr. HASTINGS] who has con- Miss COLLINS of Michigan. Mr. great country, there are also many dis- ducted himself so notably in his pur- Chairman, I thank the gentleman from coveries yet to be made in that same suit of fairness for Africa Florida for yielding me this time. rain forest for medicinal purposes for Today we keep talking about cuts Mr. Chairman, I rise in support of the the rest of the world. and reductions in the Development amendment offered by the gentleman If we give up Africa, the continent Fund for Africa. We all know that from Florida [Mr. HASTINGS]. This could well slide into chaos, we could there must be cuts. The cuts are too amendment will restore funding for the find ourselves in a world of two dis- deep, Mr. Chairman, for the develop- Development Fund for Africa. Main- tinct communities where the difference ment funds in Africa, because these taining effective aid programs for Afri- between the rich and poor become un- deep reductions could prove to be ca is in our national interests. The bearably extreme, and that is not a penny wise and pound foolish, and we amount of development assistance we world which we want for our children. will need to respond to humanitarian provide to Africa is so small, even a A lot of times my colleagues in this emergencies, and it will be more costly slight reduction in the Development body need to have for them language than our investment that we make in Fund will have a drastic consequence couched in business terms. Let me see development activities. that far outweigh any short-term sav- if I can do that briefly. In 1993 the For example, Mr. Chairman, we have ings. United States exported more to sub-Sa- spent $2 in humanitarian aid for every Cuts of funding will prevent us from haran Africa, $4.8 billion precisely, $1 in development aid in the greater providing African countries with the than to Eastern Europe, which was $2.3 Horn of Africa in recent years. The resources needed to promote edu- billion, or to the NIS, which was $4 bil- record is already there. It has already cational and economic opportunities lion, including Russia, where the Unit- been spent. We need to address some of for its people. ed States exports a total $3 billion. the root causes and not the symptoms, Africa is a potentially significant The current 1992 figures for sub-Saha- and I am hoping that you are willing to partner in world trade, thus it is in our ran international markets, excluding do that for Africa as you have some national interest to assist African na- South Africa, is $28.5 billion. If that other developing countries. tions. market were to grow at a nominal rate It is very, very important that you To the gentleman from Indiana who of 3 percent a year in constant terms, think of the image of providing lesser said that we must start getting African it would double every 21 years, reach- funds for Africa now when they were nations to wean off of aid from Amer- ing a level of $83.2 billion in the year not even even in the very beginning. ica so they can develop their own re- 2025. That market would exceed the We did not have a Development Fund sources, I would like to say that two size of Korea’s market today. for Africa until the 1980’s, and now that countries in this entire world get one- I make those points for the reason they are at the bottom of the list, it half the foreign aid; Israel gets $3 bil- that foreign aid is often thought of by would show a greater strength if this lion, and they have been getting that the American people as a giveaway. Congress were to bring them up to par for the past 9 years or 10 years; Egypt But there is something else that is so then they could take a cut that gets $2 billion. I do not want that given away with foreign aid, and that would not ostensibly take away every- money cut, I want Israel and Egypt to is stability for American companies to thing. get that money. do business. May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H 5551 In my district alone, there is one Therefore, reluctantly, while I sup- Rose Stark Vento company that does $20 million a year of Roybal-Allard Stokes Visclosky port the proposals of the gentleman Rush Studds Volkmer exports to the continent of Africa. from Florida [Mr. HASTINGS], I oppose Sabo Stupak Ward There are numerous countries from Af- his amendment. Sanders Tejeda Waters rica that provide immense resources We are underbudgeted because we did Sawyer Thompson Waxman Schroeder Thornton Wilson ranging from crude oil to other min- make those cuts. Under the bill, Africa Schumer Torres Wise erals for this country. I ask my col- was cut far less than all other develop- Scott Torricelli Woolsey leagues to stop looking at this con- ment assistance. This amendment, of- Serrano Towns Wyden tinent as a battleground and to start fered by the gentleman from Florida Skaggs Tucker Wynn Slaughter Velazquez Yates looking at it as marketplace as rightly [Mr. HASTINGS], while well-intended, we should. would add over a period of 2 years some NOES—278 I have asked not that there be money $360 million in foreign assistance in Allard Fields (TX) McHale taken from any account. I have asked this bill. In addition to all of the aid Archer Flanagan McHugh merely that we restore to an account that the gentleman from Indiana [Mr. Armey Foley McInnis an amount for the Development Fund Bachus Forbes McIntosh BURTON] mentioned such as peacekeep- Baesler Fowler McKeon of Africa that was already in existence ing, economic support, et cetera, we Baker (CA) Fox Meehan and is meager by comparison to the also provide funds for many U.N. pro- Baker (LA) Franks (NJ) Metcalf multiplier effect of the good that it grams, and we also provide food aid Baldacci Frelinghuysen Mica Ballenger Frisa Miller (FL) does. under title II of Public Law 480. Mr. Chairman, I yield back the bal- Barcia Funderburk Minge Our bill is within the constraints of Barr Gallegly Molinari ance of my time. our budget resolution, and will help to Barrett (NE) Ganske Montgomery Mr. GILMAN. Mr. Chairman, I yield Bartlett Gekas Moorhead such time as she may consume to the cut the deficit. But if we adopt the Barton Geren Morella Hastings amendment, it will add sub- Bass Gilchrest Myers gentlewoman from Florida [Ms. ROS- stantially to deficit spending, forcing Bateman Gillmor Myrick LEHTINEN], our ranking chairman of us to borrow even more. Bereuter Gilman Nethercutt the Subcommittee on Africa. Bevill Goodlatte Neumann Ms. ROS-LEHTINEN. Mr. Chairman, Accordingly, I am urging my col- Bilbray Goodling Ney we have heard a number of Members leagues to oppose the Hastings amend- Bilirakis Gordon Norwood ment. Bliley Goss Nussle come forward in support of this amend- Blute Graham Obey ment. Unfortunately, I must remain Mr. GILMAN. Mr. Chairman, I yield Boehlert Greenwood Orton opposed to the Hastings amendment. It back the balance of my time. Boehner Gunderson Oxley The CHAIRMAN. Under the unani- Bonilla Gutknecht Packard is a budget buster. Without making Bono Hall (TX) Parker corresponding cuts in other accounts, mous-consent agreement, all time on Boucher Hancock Paxon this amendment deviates from our plan this amendment has expired. Brewster Hastert Payne (VA) to balance our Federal budget by the The question is on the amendment Browder Hastings (WA) Peterson (MN) Brownback Hayworth Petri year 2002. offered by the gentleman from Florida Bryant (TN) Hefley Pickett Many Members have talked about the [Mr. HASTINGS]. Bunn Heineman Pombo importance of development in Africa. I The question was taken; and the Bunning Herger Porter agree. Chairman GILMAN agrees. That Burr Hilleary Portman Chairman announced that the ayes ap- Burton Hobson Poshard is why, in this bill, aid to Africa is cut peared to have it. Buyer Hoekstra Pryce less than any other region. RECORDED VOTE Callahan Hoke Quillen Those who say that the majority in Camp Holden Radanovich Mr. GILMAN. Mr. Chairman, I de- this body do not care about Africa are Canady Horn Rahall mand a recorded vote. Castle Hostettler Ramstad wrong. As my good friend Mr. PAYNE A recorded vote was ordered. Chabot Houghton Regula noted, the majority kept the Sub- Chambliss Hunter Riggs The vote was taken by electronic de- committee on Africa despite a reduc- Chapman Hutchinson Roberts vice, and there were—ayes 141, noes 278, Chenoweth Hyde Roemer tion from seven subcommittees to five. answered ‘‘present’’ 1, not voting 14, as Christensen Inglis Rogers The Development Fund for Africa, Chrysler Istook Rohrabacher the DFA, is maintained in this bill. follows: Clinger Johnson (CT) Ros-Lehtinen Mr. Chairman, the American Over- [Roll No. 354] Coble Johnson (SD) Roth Coburn Johnson, Sam Roukema seas Interests Act is an excellent bill. AYES—141 Collins (GA) Jones Royce It keeps the United States engaged Abercrombie Fattah Lowey Combest Kanjorski Salmon throughout the world, including the Ackerman Filner Maloney Condit Kaptur Sanford continent of Africa. It does so while Andrews Flake Manton Cooley Kasich Saxton Barrett (WI) Foglietta Markey Costello Kelly Scarborough complying with our plan to balance the Becerra Ford Martinez Cox Kennedy (RI) Schaefer Federal budget by the year 2002. Chair- Beilenson Frank (MA) Matsui Cramer Kim Schiff man GILMAN deserves great credit for Bentsen Franks (CT) McCarthy Crane King Seastrand Berman Frost McDermott Crapo Kingston Sensenbrenner this accomplishment. Bishop Furse McKinney Cremeans Klink Shadegg I regret very much that I cannot sup- Bonior Gejdenson Meek Cunningham Klug Shaw port this amendment, but I firmly be- Borski Gephardt Menendez Danner Knollenberg Shays lieve that this bill maintains our Unit- Brown (CA) Gibbons Mfume Davis Kolbe Shuster Brown (FL) Gonzalez Miller (CA) de la Garza LaHood Sisisky ed States commitment to Africa. Brown (OH) Green Mineta Deal Largent Skeen Mr. GILMAN. Mr. Chairman, I yield Bryant (TX) Gutierrez Mink DeFazio Latham Skelton myself such time as I may consume. Cardin Hall (OH) Moakley DeLay LaTourette Smith (MI) Mr. Chairman, I must oppose the Clay Hamilton Mollohan Diaz-Balart Laughlin Smith (NJ) Hastings amendment. Clayton Hastings (FL) Moran Dickey Lazio Smith (TX) Clement Hayes Murtha Dingell Leach Smith (WA) This amendment busts the budget, Clyburn Hefner Nadler Dooley Lewis (CA) Solomon simply adds hundreds of billions of dol- Coleman Hilliard Neal Doolittle Lewis (KY) Souder lars back into the bill. Collins (IL) Hinchey Oberstar Dornan Lightfoot Spence I support aid to Africa, and we added Collins (MI) Hoyer Olver Doyle Lincoln Spratt Coyne Jackson-Lee Ortiz Dreier Linder Stearns money for Africa above the level in the DeLauro Jacobs Owens Duncan Lipinski Stenholm introduced bill because of our concerns, Dellums Jefferson Pallone Dunn Livingston Stockman and the concerns of the gentleman. Our Deutsch Johnson, E. B. Pastor Edwards LoBiondo Stump Dicks Johnston Payne (NJ) Ehlers Longley Talent committee supported the Houghton Dixon Kennedy (MA) Pelosi Ehrlich Lucas Tanner amendment and added back even more Doggett Kennelly Pomeroy Emerson Luther Tate funding for Africa. In the end we added Durbin Kildee Rangel English Manzullo Tauzin $100 million back for aid to Africa Engel LaFalce Reed Ensign Martini Taylor (MS) Eshoo Levin Reynolds Everett Mascara Taylor (NC) above the amount introduced in the Evans Lewis (GA) Richardson Ewing McCollum Thomas bill initially. Farr Lofgren Rivers Fawell McCrery Thornberry H 5552 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE May 24, 1995 Thurman Walsh Wicker identified any savings from eliminating ACDA. pressed their desire to see this claim resolved Tiahrt Wamp Williams In fact, a recent Congressional Research so as to successfully conclude the Special Torkildsen Watts (OK) Wolf Traficant Weldon (FL) Young (AK) Service study has found that merging ACDA Claims Process. Upton Weldon (PA) Young (FL) into the State Department could actually cost On January 23, 1995, I expressed my grow- Vucanovich Weller Zeliff $10 million. ing frustration with the delaying tactics of the Waldholtz White Zimmer Walker Whitfield Clearly, this legislation doesn't take into ac- Saudi Embassy in fulfilling its commitment to count the importance of having a strong and the company, the Congress and our Govern- ANSWERED ‘‘PRESENT’’—1 independent arms control and non-proliferation ment. I also noted that the failure of the Saudi Fields (LA) viewpoint within the United States govern- Embassy to resolve this claim, under the man- NOT VOTING—14 ment. Instead, it appears to me that organiza- date established by its own Government, was Calvert Harman Meyers tional boxes are simply being moved in an ar- beginning to grow into a significant strain on Conyers Kleczka Peterson (FL) bitrary manner. I urge my colleagues to op- the United States-Saudi relations. Again, this Cubin Lantos Quinn pose this bill, ACDA must be protected. was a sentiment shared by numerous of my Fazio McDade Watt (NC) Hansen McNulty Mr. ANDREWS. Mr. Chairman, I rise today colleagues in the Congress, who wrote and to support a provision in the American Over- communicated with the Department of State, b 1819 seas Interests Act, which modifies section and the Saudi Embassy in January of this Mr. EHLERS changed his vote from 36(b)(1) of the Arms Export and Control Act to year. In these communications, it was made ‘‘aye’’ to ‘‘no.’’ require greater congressional oversight and clear that the delaying tactics of the Saudi Ms. EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON of scrutiny of arms sales to the Government of Embassy would no longer be tolerated, and Texas changed her vote from ‘‘no’’ to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia until such time unless serious discussions were held between ‘‘aye.’’ as the Secretary of State certifies and reports the company and the Kingdom leading to the So the amendment was rejected. to Congress that the unpaid claims of Amer- full and prompt resolution of the claim, legisla- The result of the vote was announced ican companies described in the June 30, tive alternatives would be considered to bring as above recorded. 1993 report by the Secretary of Defense pur- this matter to a close. Mr. SABO. Mr. Chairman, I rise to express suant to section 9140(c) of the Department of Despite several attempts to resolve the my strong opposition to H.R. 1561, the Amer- Defense Appropriation Act, 1993 (Public Law claim successfully, the Government of the ican Overseas Interest Act, and the proposal 102±396; 106 Stat 1939), including the addi- Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has shown no signs to eliminate the Arms Control and Disar- tional claims noticed by the Department of of cooperation. Therefore, I introduced H.R. mament Agency (ACDA). This agency per- Commerce as page 2 of the report, have been 1243, which would focus its attention on re- forms a unique advocacy role in formulating resolved satisfactorily. solving all the unresolved claims with the our nation's foreign policy. Under this legisla- The $43.4 million claim of Gibbs & Hill, Inc. Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Under the leader- tion, ACDA's strong and knowledgeable voice is one of the claims as yet unresolved. Gibbs ship of Congressman CHRIS SMITH, this bill on arms control and non-proliferation issues & Hill was decimated by financial losses in- was made part of the American Overseas In- will be muted by a new State Department curred in the design of the desalination and terest Act. I hope in the long run we will focus ``super-bureaucracy.'' related facilities for the Yanbu Industrial City in on other remedies in our bilateral relationship The State Department performs the nec- Saudi Arabia in the late 1970's and early with the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to ensure essarily broad mission of advancing and pro- 1980's as a result of the Kingdom's failure to the prevention of unfair treatment of any other tecting the global interests of the United honor its contractual obligations and pay for United States company doing business with States and its citizens. To accomplish its re- additional work required of the company. the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. sponsibilities, the State Department must con- My involvement in this matter dates back al- Mr. GILMAN. Mr. Chairman, I move sider many different issues as it formulates most 2 years. The company, which is a large that the Committee do now rise. our Nation's foreign policy. On the other hand, employer in my district, approached me for as- The motion was agreed to. ACDA's mission if sharply focused on sistance in having its claim paid through the Accordingly, the Committee rose; strengthening our national security by advocat- Special Claims Process established for the and the Speaker pro tempore (Mr. FOX ing, formulating, negotiating, implementing, resolution of claims of American companies of Pennsylvania) having assumed the and verifying sound arms control, nonprolifera- which had not received fair treatment in their chair, Mr. GOODLATTE, Chairman of the tion, and disarmament policies and agree- commercial dealing with the Government of Committee of the Whole House on the ments. As a result, ACDA is staffed with the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. This Special State of the Union, reported that that physicists, chemists, engineers, and other Claims Process was established between our Committee, having had under consider- specialists who spend their entire careers Government and the Government of the King- ation the bill (H.R. 1561) to consolidate dealing with one issueÐarms control. To fold dom of Saudi Arabia, following congressional the foreign affairs agencies of the Unit- ACDA into the State Department would be a hearings on the unfair commercial practices of ed States; to authorize appropriations serious mistake. This nation needs ACDA to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia first held in the for the Department of State and relat- maintain a strong, independent voice for arms House Subcommittee on Europe and the Mid- ed agencies for fiscal years 1996 and control. dle East in May 1992. In response to my letter 1997; to responsibly reduce the author- Even if the State Department could match to Saudi Ambassador Bandar bin Sultan izations of appropriations for United ACDA's arms control expertise, the goals of Abdulaziz of April 29, 1993, the Ambassador States foreign assistance programs for arms control and non-proliferation are some- promised to spare ``no efforts in resolving this fiscal years 1996 and 1997, and for other times at odds with the broader objectives of claim in an expeditious and fair manner.'' purposes, had come to no resolution the State Department. In fact, if this bill had Since this date, the company, the Congress thereon. been enacted thirty years ago, we would not and the past and present administrations have f have a nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty [NPT]. received a series of promises and commit- In the 1960's, it was ACDA that pressed for ments from the Government of the Kingdom of LEGISLATIVE PROGRAM the NPT. The State Department had opposed Saudi Arabia to resolve the claim favorably for (Mr. GEPHARDT asked and was the original negotiations out of deference to Gibbs & Hill. The most recent commitment given permission to address the House friendly countries that wanted to explore the coming on October 6, 1994, one day prior to for 1 minute.) nuclear option. our country once again coming to the defense Mr. GEPHARDT. Mr. Speaker, I ask I have listened to the arguments that, be- of the Kingdom when threatened by invasion for this 1-minute for the purpose of in- cause the cold war is over, an independent from Iraq, in fulfillment of our commitment to quiring of the distinguished chairman voice for arms control is no longer needed. our bilateral relationship. of the Committee on Rules about the One only needs to look at the nuclear ambi- I should note that I am not alone in my sup- schedule for the rest of today and to- tions of North Korea and Iran or the recent port of the full and prompt resolution of the morrow. gas attacks in Japan to understand the contin- Gibbs & Hill claim. More than 3 dozen Sen- Mr. SOLOMON. Mr. Speaker, will the ued importance of battling the proliferation of ators and Members of Congress, the Presi- gentleman yield? nuclear, chemical, and other weapons of mass dent, the National Security Council, the Sen- Mr. GEPHARDT. I yield to the gen- destruction. Some have also claimed that the ate Foreign Relations Committee, and Senate tleman from New York. reorganization proposed in this bill will save Armed Services Committee, the Department of Mr. SOLOMON. Mr. Speaker, I thank the taxpayers money. However, no study has Defense, State and Commerce have all ex- the gentleman for yielding, and let me May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H 5553 just say that there will be no more In a year of tremendous accomplish- cloud cover and map critical factors on votes tonight. We will be in at 10 a.m. ments for the international Space Sta- a global scale. Also, the highly success- tomorrow morning. We will suspend 1- tion, National Aeronautics and Space ful launch of the Clementine Deep minutes. We will then go to conference Administration (NASA) developed an Space Probe tested 23 advanced tech- on the Medicare select bill. initial set of specifications that in- nologies for high-tech, lightweight I would like to announce now also cluded Russian elements as part of the missile defense. The relatively inexpen- there will be an emergency meeting of design. Russia’s agreeing to join the 12 sive, rapidly-built spacecraft con- the Committee on Rules to consider a original participating nations as a stituted a major revolution in space- second rule on the American Overseas partner resulted in the expansion of craft management and design; it also Interests Act, H.R. 1561. the existing Shuttle/Mir program into contributed significantly to lunar stud- After we finish the Medicare select Phase I of the international Space Sta- ies by photographing 1.8 million images bill tomorrow morning, we will go back tion program, which officially began of the surface of the Moon. on the 5-minute rule on the remaining with Sergei Krikalev’s flight on the Additionally, on May 5, 1994, the time on this American Overseas Inter- Shuttle. All of the partners held a suc- White House announced that the Na- ests Act. cessful systems design review in Texas tional Oceanic and Atmospheric Ad- Mr. GEPHARDT. Will the gentleman in March, and in June Russia and the ministration (NOAA), the Department tell us what time he is intending to ad- United States signed an interim agree- of Defense, and NASA were establish- journ tomorrow? ment on the Space Station and a $400 ing a joint program to effect the con- Mr. SOLOMON. No later than 2:30. million contract for Russian space vergence of civil and military polar-or- Mr. GEPHARDT. Mr. Speaker, I hardware, services, and data. In Au- biting operational environmental sat- thank the gentleman from New York. gust, the program completed a vehicle ellite systems into a single operational f architecture review and in September, program. Other White House announce- ACHIEVEMENTS IN AERONAUTICS the Space Station Control Board rati- ments during the year included a pol- AND SPACE DURING FISCAL fied the recommendations it included. icy for licensing U.S. firms by the Sec- YEAR 1994—MESSAGE FROM THE The redesigned Space Station costs $5 retary of Commerce to operate private PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED billion less than Space Station Free- remote sensing systems and sell their STATES dom and still offers increased research images to domestic and foreign entities capability and users flexibility. The SPEAKER pro tempore. laid be- and a national space transportation In aeronautics, activities included policy that will sustain and revitalize fore the House the following message development of technologies to im- from the President of the United U.S. Space transportation capabilities prove performance, increase safety, re- by providing a coherent strategy for States, which was read and, together duce engine noise and other environ- with the accompanying papers, without supporting and strengthening U.S. mental degradation, improve air traffic space launch capabilities to meet the objection, referred to the Committee management, lower costs, and help on Science: growing needs of the civilian and na- American industry to be more competi- tional security sectors. To the Congress of the United States: tive in the world market. For example, Thus, Fiscal Year 1994 was a highly I am pleased to transmit this report high-speed research continued during successful one for the U.S. aeronautics on the Nation’s achievements in aero- Fiscal Year 1994 to focus on resolving and space programs. Efforts in both nautics and space during Fiscal Year critical environmental issues and lay- areas have contributed significantly to 1994, as required under section 206 of ing the technological foundation for an furthering the Nation’s scientific and the National Aeronautics and Space economical, next generation, High technical knowledge, international co- Act of 1958, as amended (42 U.S.C. 2476). Speed Civil Transport (HSCT). In this operation, a healthier environment, Aeronautics and space activities in- connection, the United States reached and a more competitive economy. volve 15 contributing departments and agreement with Russia to use the Tu– WILLIAM J. CLINTON. agencies of the Federal Government, as 144 supersonic transport as a testbed THE WHITE HOUSE, May 24, 1995. this report reflects, and the results of for HSCT development. In addition, ef- f their ongoing research and develop- forts in advanced subsonics focused on ment affect the Nation as a whole in a reducing aircraft and engine noise lev- APPOINTMENT OF INDIVIDUALS variety of ways. els, on development of wind shear sens- AS MEMBERS OF THE BOARD OF Fiscal Year 1994 featured many im- ing devices, and on creating tech- DIRECTORS OF THE OFFICE OF portant developments and changes in nologies that will improve general COMPLIANCE U.S. aeronautics and space efforts. It aviation aircraft. The SPEAKER pro tempore. Without included 7 Space Shuttle missions suc- In space science, astronomers using objection, and pursuant to the provi- cessfully completed, 15 Government HST’s revitalized optics discovered sions of section 301 of Public Law 104– launches of Expendable Launch Vehi- disks of protoplanetary dust orbiting 1, the Chair announces on behalf of the cles (ELVs), and 4 commercial launches stars in the Orion Nebula, suggesting Speaker and minority leader of the from Government facilities. Among no- that the formation of planets in the House of Representatives and the ma- table developments in the ELV area Milky Way and elsewhere may be rel- jority and minority leaders of the U.S. were the launch of the Deep Space atively common. Also, HST’s revela- Senate their joint appointment of the probe, Clementine, initial use of the tion of helium in distant constellations following individuals to the Board of Titan IV Centaur upper stage, and the provides valuable information about Directors of the Office of Compliance: first launch of the Taurus launch vehi- the conditions in the universe during Mr. Glen D. Nager of Washington, cle. Highlights of the Shuttle missions its initial evolution. The Spacelab Life DC, chairman, to a 5-year term; included the highly successful servic- Sciences-2, U.S. Microgravity Payload- Ms. Virginia A. Seitz of Washington, ing mission for the Hubble Space Tele- 2, and International Microgravity Lab- DC, to a 5-year term; scope (HST), which replaced several oratory-2 greatly increased our under- Mr. Jerry M. Hunter of Missouri, to a faulty parts and installed a sophisti- standing of the role of gravity on bio- 4-year term; cated package of corrective optics to logical, physical, and chemical proc- Mr. James N. Adler of California, to compensate for the spherical aberra- esses. In biology, we learned that grav- a 4-year term; and tion in HST’s primary mirror. Also, the ity affects the function of the neural Mr. Lawrence Z. Lorber of Washing- flight of the Space Radar Laboratory connections between brain cells; this ton, DC, to a 3-year term. began to provide information on envi- can have profound implications for re- There was no objection. ronmental change, and a mission with building damaged brain cells due to f a Russian astronaut, Sergei Krikalev, strokes and diseases. In Earth science, as a member of the crew signalled the the Space Radar Laboratories-1 and -2, A VISION FOR AN AMERICA WITH beginning of a three-phased coopera- plus the Lidar In-Space Technology Ex- MORE GRATITUDE tive program in space between Russia periment payload, used powerful radar (Mr. INGLIS of South Carolina asked and the United States. and laser technology to penetrate and was given permission to address H 5554 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE May 24, 1995 the House for 1 minute and to revise King, Jr.—but many of Americans fail to un- Lynn, his wife, will have to go and extend his remarks, and include derstand the significance of his work. King through life maintaining the strength extraneous matter.) courageously led a people who were punched, she has so far shown in life. Mr. INGLIS of South Carolina. Mr. kicked, beaten, bitten by dogs, waterhosed, Mr. Speaker, I would like to read a and murdered in some of the most inhumane Speaker, I rise today to congratulate ways so that we, the present day citizens of poem that was presented at the service Joey Hill, a winner of the South Caro- the United States of America—White, Black, for this fine officer. First of all, for the lina Voice of Democracy Broadcast Latino, Oriental, Indian, Native American— officer, from mother to son. scriptwriting contest in South Caro- might be educated in the realm of culture; MOTHER TO SON lina. Joey Hill is the president of the that we might not be discriminated against God gave me a wonderful little pride and joy, student body at Southside High School because of our culture. a bouncing baby boy. in Greenville, SC. f And as he grew straight and tall, In this year, on the theme ‘‘My Vi- he was always ready to give it his all. SPECIAL ORDERS sion for America,’’ Joey wrote this: ‘‘I A policeman he decided to be, have a vision for America. I long to see The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under as he studied life sitting on my knee. the Speaker’s announced policy of May He exceeded far beyond expectation, gratitude return to the hearts of our honest and smart, care and loving. citizens. Too often we always want to 12, 1995, and under a previous order of the House, the following Members will A little soul, entrusted to my care, play the victim, the person to whom always helpful, his goodness he would the world owes a great debt. Although be recognized for 5 minutes each. share. pointing the finger is easy and maybe f Growing straight and tall, a protector of life even a little fun, we will, after contin- The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under a he became, ued pointing, find the consequences too previous order of the House, the gen- until one Friday morning an angel came. great to bear, so we must change, and tleman from Florida [Mr. GOSS] is rec- Swift and graceful, taking him from me. ognized for 5 minutes. No more ‘‘Hi, Mom,’’ or sweet smile I the key to change is gratitude.’’ would see. Mr. Speaker, I agree with Joey, that [Mr. GOSS addressed the House. His A role model for his children had always this is a time of change. We do not remarks will appear hereafter in the been his fame, need to blame others and claim entitle- Extensions of Remarks.] but in the calm, a hero for his community ment for past debts. What we need, in- f he became. stead, is a little gratitude for what has The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under a Lovingly he left me, a strong young woman and the little flock of six, been given us. I am very proud to con- previous order of the House, the gentle- gratulate Joey today, and to enter his all in all, a glorious mix. woman from Ohio [Ms. KAPTUR] is rec- But that’s not all, I am truly blessed you see, speech in the RECORD of today’s pro- ognized for 5 minutes. two more sons and a daughter gave to me. ceedings, as follows: [Ms. KAPTUR addressed the House. They grew, too, in much the same way, MY VISION FOR AMERICA Her remarks will appear hereafter in adding more to our family, making me ‘‘It’s too hard.’’ ‘‘It’s not fair.’’ ‘‘I never the Extensions of Remarks.] proud every day. get the good things in life.’’ ‘‘The grass on With a husband, daughters, sons, grand- f the other side gets greener and greener while children, parents and friends, useless stubble sprouts on my side of the SAD NEWS FROM COLORADO now ‘‘our little hand.’’ fence.’’ Complaining; it seems as if it comes Steadfast and strong we make our stand. natural to Americans. Of the many purposes The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under a Timothy Michael was your name, for which words could be used, complaints previous order of the House, the gen- it occurred to me long before you came tiptoe off our tongues most often and that tleman from Colorado [Mr. MCINNIS] is into my life to stay. fact reflects badly on us. We always want to recognized for 5 minutes. I love you more than I can say. play the victim, the person who is never in Mr. MCINNIS. Mr. Speaker, once God bless and keep my little boy, the wrong, the person to whom the world again I stand in front of my colleagues my strong, straight and tall deputy son, owes a great debt. Although pointing the fin- of the great House of Representatives For your hard fought battle has been won. ger is easy, and maybe even a little fun, we bringing sad news from the State of Until some day when we meet again, fighting the good fight as best we can. will, after continued pointing, find the con- Colorado. On Friday, April 28, 1995, a sequences too great to bear. So we must Tim, guide us in God’s great and wondrous change, and the key to changing is grati- mad killer drove into a local grocery plan. tude. I have a vision for America. I long to store in South Jefferson County. As he Love, Mom. see gratitude return to the hearts of our citi- drove into that grocery store, he The sergeant was a true professional, zens. We must be grateful to those persons walked, and got out of his car, walked a true professional that was taken who came before us, who paved a smooth, into the grocery store, shot his wife from us by a despicable killer. But we scenic way for us to travel on through life dead, then shot the store manager and we must take advantage of the blessings also had two other lives that were lost dead, and then a police officer, the first that day, and I should point out that 11 they have won for our sake. officer responding to the scene, Sgt. History is spotted with them. They are children as a result of this incident dubbed the movers and shakers—the Tim Mossbrucker, was shot before he were left without a parent: Lynn, Matt, somebodies. The people to whom the United even knew what hit him. Erin, Annie, Alex, William, Moss, States of America fall into unpayable debt. b 1830 Iralee, Mark, David, and Mindy. These persons struggled under the most un- Sergeant Mossbrucker was a father, Mr. Speaker, all too often we have to compromising of trials to gain freedoms for appear in front of this body and speak this nation’s citizens. Their names are many: he was a husband, he was an officer of an officer, a man or woman in blue, Frederick Douglass, Susan B. Anthony, So- strongly admired by his fellow officers journer Truth, Thurgood Marshall, Cesar in Jefferson County. He was a young who has given their life for the rest of Chavez, John Brown, Harriet Beecher Stowe, father. He was a father of five children, us. Mr. Speaker, I make these state- John Kennedy, Martin King, Malcolm X. with a sixth child on the way. Their voices spoke the same message, but in Once again, a police officer has given ments for the RECORD as a memorial a myriad of ways. This message covered his life in the line of duty, and, once and as a thank you from the United many topics: perseverance in the midst of a States of America, not only to the fall- trial, retention of goodwill when the world again, as too often happens, his wife, Lynn, who in her own respects is a en officer, but to his strong wife and gives you its worst, striving for excellence in his wonderful children. I also include the realm of education. These persons sin- strong, wonderful woman, will be deliv- cerely encouraged us to better ourselves. ering their child without his presence. for the RECORD a tribute from Russ They gave us wisdom to live by. For exam- Once again we have children who will Cook, the Chief of Police of the Golden ple, Cesar Chavez stated to the world that be raised through life without their fa- Police Department. ‘‘the strongest act of manliness is to sac- ther, because their father gave his life To the EDITOR: rifice ourselves for others in a totally non- in the line of duty. Lynn, his wife, Residents of South Jefferson County were violent struggle for justice.’’ Susan B. An- shocked last week when they were awakened thony tested our sincerity about the equal- tucked 3-year-old Alex into bed that by a tragic crime, usually thought to occur ity of women with her establishment of tem- Friday night, saying, ‘‘A bad person in big cities. No one could have suspected perance organizations. And every American hurt daddy bad—so bad that he can’t that an angry and enraged killer was about has heard of the labors of Dr. Martin Luther come home.’’ to walk into their local grocery store and May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H 5555 gun down his wife, the store manager, and [Mr. GENE GREEN of Texas ad- What kind of leadership is that? How wound an innocent, unsuspecting pregnant dressed the House. His remarks will ap- can we make any real progress with woman. Sheriffs deputies were doing their pear hereafter in the Extensions of Re- that kind of an attitude coming from job responding to the many daily calls where marks.] the other side of the aisle? violence is anticipated and usually resolved by their skills and training. But Friday, f Senator BREAUX, you’re right on tar- April 28, 1995 was going to be different! get, and I appreciate your foresight of Certainly, Sheriff’s Sergeant Tim BIPARTISANSHIP NEEDED TO SAVE SOCIAL SECURITY this important issue. We need more of Mossbrucker didn’t know that when he that kind of thinking here in the House turned into the parking lot of this sleepy lit- The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under a of Representatives. We’re going to have tle suburban grocery store, he would be previous order of the House, the gen- gunned down in cold blood. I’m sure that to have it if we’re ever to save Medi- tleman from Tennessee [Mr. BRYANT] is care. other deputies responding did not know that recognized for 5 minutes. they would be confronted by gunfire that Mr. BRYANT. Mr. Speaker, I come It’s time for Congress to come to- was going to take the life of their colleague here tonight with a stronger hope and gether and devise a plan to preserve and friend. Medicare, and don’t worry about who How they must feel. You can rest assured brighter optimism for a sound and sta- that how they feel is how we all feel. What ble future for this country. saves it. can be done about someone who has so much Bipartisanship is alive and well in Saving Medicare won’t be something rage and anger that he is willing to cut down the U.S. Senate, and we need more of it that will take place overnight. members of society by simply pulling a trig- here in the House of Representatives. It will require vision and foresight by ger? I would like to take a few moments the policy makers. Any Medicare re- I know that the entire law enforcement to commend Senators ALAN SIMPSON community shares the grief and sense of form proposal Congress proposes must and BOB KERREY—two Senators of op- helplessness that must be felt by members of entail reasonable, flexible, and com- posite parties—for their willingness to the Jefferson County Sheriff’s Department. mon-sense alternatives for those who put politics aside and work together to I, too, share the grief and despair that they may choose to seek their medical care save Social Security. are experiencing. Sadly, this will not be the another source, such as an HMO. last law enforcement officer we will put to To me, the significance to be found in rest; this is not the last time we will have in- their effort is their realization of a big Saving Medicare will require under- nocent victims taken from us over senseless problem and their willingness to put standing by the millions of seniors who violence. partisan politics aside in order to go depend on it. Any restructuring of I would hope the next time you see some- about the task of solving it. Medicare will require some changes. one who is willing to put his/her life on the Mr. Speaker, in Monday afternoon’s But everyone must realize that if there line for little pay and lousy hours, you will tell them that you appreciate them and what issue of Congress Daily, Senator are no changes, there won’t be any they do. It is quite possible that each time KERREY said, and I quote: ‘‘I am the Medicare. they put on a uniform and start a tour of chairman of the Democratic Senatorial And most importantly, saving Medi- duty, it could be their last. Campaign Committee, and so it’s pos- care will require everyone in this body RUSS COOK, sible for us to come forward and say to work together if we are to realize Chief of Police, Golden Police Department. the DSCC is not going to go out and at- success in our efforts. May 2, 1995. tack Republican Senators for doing the We cannot—we must not—waste our f right and responsible thing. We can time haggling with each other about The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. take politics out of it.’’ preserving Medicare, because in the NETHERCUTT). Under a previous order of Senator KERREY also said, and again next 7 years, father time will grant us the House, the gentleman from New I quote: ‘‘I will not put blinders on and no time outs, no reprieves, and no sec- York [Mr. OWENS] is recognized for 5 say, ‘well, I’ve got to attack somebody ond chances. minutes. just because they’re a Republican.’’ [Mr. OWENS addressed the House. Senator KERREY, if you’re watching The many millions of seniors who are His remarks will appear hereafter in this, I thank you and applaud you for depending on us to save Medicare can- the Extensions of Remarks.] championing this crucial issue with not afford gridlock. someone from the other side of the f Like Senator KERREY said, ‘‘we can aisle. The House of Representatives take politics out of it.’’ The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under a needs more bipartisanship like that of previous order of the House, the gen- I hope everyone in Congress can come you and Senator SIMPSON. together like Senators SIMPSON, tleman from Indiana [Mr. BURTON] is Like Social Security, one of the most KERREY, and BREAUX. Together, we recognized for 5 minutes. crucial issues facing this Congress is must devise a plan to save Medicare. [Mr. BURTON of Indiana addressed preventing Medicare from going broke the House. His remarks will appear for the millions of seniors who depend I urge my colleagues on the other hereafter in the Extensions of Re- on it. side of the aisle to participate in the marks.] But no one seems to want to put poli- process of saving Medicare in a positive f tics aside, roll up their sleeves, and and constructive manner. The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under a solve the problem. We owe the millions of seniors of this previous order of the House, the gen- Instead, all we’ve heard are criti- country who are depending on us, our tleman from Texas [Mr. DOGGETT] is cisms and attacks. best effort. recognized for 5 minutes. What good are these attacks doing? [Mr. DOGGETT addressed the House. What legitimate purpose are they serv- f His remarks will appear hereafter in ing? The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under a the Extensions of Remarks.] None. Nothing. All the carping, all previous order of the House, the gentle- f the complaining, all the criticisms, are woman from Ohio [Ms. KAPTUR] is rec- doing not one thing to save Medicare. ognized for 5 minutes. The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under a In the May 29 edition of Newsweek previous order of the House, the gen- magazine, it was reported that during a [Ms. KAPTUR addressed the House. tleman from Michigan [Mr. EHLERS] is meeting of Democrats at the White Her remarks will appear hereafter in recognized for 5 minutes. House to discuss saving Medicare, Sen- the Extensions of Remarks.] [Mr. EHLERS addressed the House. ator JOHN BREAUX suggested that f His remarks will appear hereafter in Democrats join in a bipartisan com- the Extensions of Remarks.] mission to reform Medicare. ANNOUNCEMENT BY THE SPEAKER f The article went on to report that PRO TEMPORE The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under a many of those present in the meeting previous order of the House, the gen- rejected the idea, instead opting to let The SPEAKER pro tempore. Mem- tleman from Texas [Mr. GENE GREEN] Republicans take the heat on this cru- bers are reminded to avoid references is recognized for 5 minutes. cial effort. to Members of the other body. H 5556 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE May 24, 1995 INCIDENTS AT UNITED STATES- Mr. Speaker, not only did that hap- hereafter in the Extensions of Re- MEXICAN BORDER SHOULD BE pen, but in the City of Coronado an in- marks.] INVESTIGATED dividual was arrested who has been f The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under a identified as being a state police officer The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under a previous order of the House, the gen- in the act of stealing a vehicle from my previous order of the House, the gen- district to export it to Mexico. Now, let tleman from California [Mr. BILBRAY] tleman from Georgia [Mr. KINGSTON] is is recognized for 5 minutes. us be frank. A lot of us support free recognized for 5 minutes. Mr. BILBRAY. Mr. Speaker, I have trade, but this is not the type of free trade I or my constituents support. If [Mr. KINGSTON addressed the House. the privilege of representing the 49th His remarks will appear hereafter in District of California. I also happen to we are going to export cars, we would like it to be paid for first. the Extensions of Remarks.] have the privilege of living in the f southwestern corner of the United Mr. Speaker, I want to point out that States, where the Pacific Ocean meets an interesting side note to this inci- MEDICARE the Mexican border. Sad to say, I also dence at the border is the car that was being driven by the Mexican officials The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under a happen to have to represent an area previous order of the House, the gen- that is severely impacted by intrusion who tried to take the American citi- zens across the border was not only tleman from Pennsylvania [Mr. FOX] is and incursions across the Mexican bor- recognized for 5 minutes. der, not only of illegal immigration, found to have alcohol and drugs in it, but actually happened to be a stolen Mr. FOX of Pennsylvania. Mr. Speak- but those individuals that cross the er, I appreciate the opportunity to ad- border to perpetuate crime and theft. American car being driven in this act. Now, there was other instances that dress my colleagues in the House about Mr. Speaker, the problem is not just the very important issues facing our those of unorganized crime or orga- have occurred, again this week, where there were two individuals who identi- senior citizens. This has been a very nized crime, but the problem is actu- senior-sensitive 104th Congress, and I ally of those who are invested with fied themselves as being dealers for of- ficials on the Mexican side who were am proud to say that under the leader- government authority in Mexico, par- ship of individuals on both sides of the ticipating in a program of theft and vi- Government officials, and they were being paid and reimbursed for that aisle we have been able to accomplish olence against the people of the United some very good things. States and those in San Diego County. theft. Mr. Speaker, this is another incident Most notably, we have been able to This photo here is a good example of of the situation that our border is out raise the income eligibility for those the problem. This is a federal Mexican of control. I am not speaking against seniors under 70 who want to have in- police officer driving a United States the people of Mexico or their Govern- come above $11,280 and earn it. Under stolen car, without even having the ment, as much as the fact that there our new legislation, they will be able wherewithal to bother to take off the are problems within their Government to make up to $30,000 a year over the California license plate that was on the that we must insist be corrected. next 5 years without it being deducted vehicle. This vehicle is stolen, and There have been successes. I would from the Social Security. identified by the Federal agents as sto- like to announce that the State of Baja In addition, we have rolled back the len, and still is being used on official California Sur has cooperated with the very unfair 1993 Clinton tax increase on business for Mexico’s Government. United States, identified 300 cars for Social Security. In addition, we have Now, this week we had a situation investigation, and actually have identi- instituted the $500 elder care tax credit that I think has to be brought to atten- fied that 75 of those 300 cars are in fact and the tax credit for the purchase of tion here in Washington, D.C. Mr. stolen American cars. They have co- long-term care health insurance. Speaker, this week two Mexican Fed- operated with U.S. officials, and those Now that brings us to the issue that eral agents crossed over into United cars are now going to be returned to was raised by my colleague and friend, States territory at the port of entry their rightful owners. Congressman BRYANT of Tennessee, and actually stopped members of the about Medicare. We, in the Congress, United States, citizens of the United b 1845 want to do all we can to make sure we States, with AK–47 weapons in their So there are successes, but the prob- preserve and protect it for the 32 mil- possession and took those individuals, lem is that we have recognized a situa- lion of our Nation’s senior citizens and tried to forcibly take those individuals tion here to where we not only have 4 million persons with disabilities. But back into Mexico. Our United States crime crossing the border, but we have the Medicare spending, as you know, agents confronted them with their crime and violence crossing the border has gone up between 10 and 11 percent weapons drawn, and for a moment under the guise of government author- a year, whereas in the private sector there was actually a standoff between ity. health care is about a 4 to 5 percent in- Mexican Federal agents on United When my police officers in Coronado crease a year, which tells many of us in States soil and American Federal stop a car burglar and stop them in the Congress and those also watching to agents on United States soil, point- act, I think it is quite inappropriate for see what we will do that there really blank range, ready to have a shoot-out. my police officers to be greeted with a has been a great deal of fraud, abuse Thank the powers above that we did Mexican badge that says, you have to and waste in the system. If we do not not have a tragedy here. But we did release me because I am a Mexican offi- take action to save Medicare, Mr. have a situation that really calls for cial. Speaker, by the year 2002, the Medicare attention, and that is the fact that Well, thank God our police officers portion of the FICA taxes for everyone U.S. citizens were ready to be forced off do not play by that game. I will ask all will be raised 125 percent from the cur- of U.S. territory by agents of a foreign my colleagues to pay attention to this rent level. government, with weapons, I want to issue, Mr. Speaker, and that this Na- Seniors will face an increase in their point out, that are illegal, not only to tion pay attention. And I hope that we annual premiums. We can stop that by be imported into this country but to be send a message to the White House and preserving, protecting and improving possessed in this country, and that is a to Mexico City that these things have our Medicare by making sure we con- fully automatic AK–47. to stop now. trol the rate of growth and also look to Now, the Mexican Attorney General innovations with possibilities of the has said these people are going to be f medical savings accounts and with handled, and our Government has The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. managed care. turned them back over to Federal NETHERCUTT). Under a previous order of Last year we have seen that the So- agents to be taken to Mexico City. I the House, the gentleman from Michi- cial Security Medicare board of trust- certainly want everyone in this capital gan [Mr. SMITH] is recognized for 5 min- ees projected that the part A of the and in Mexico City to recognize this utes. trust fund, the hospital care portion, Member will be watching this quite [Mr. SMITH of Michigan addressed would go broke by 1996. The trustees, closely, along with my constituents. the House. HIs remarks will appear who included Labor Secretary Robert May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H 5557 Reich, Health and Human Services Sec- so that we can provide the best possible metal or plastic. If we make them out retary Donna Shalala, and then Sec- health care at the lowest cost to our of plastic, then we have to import the retary Lloyd Bentsen of the Treasury, senior citizens so they can control oil from the Middle East. We have to all members of the Clinton cabinet, their destiny. And we working together fight to get it out, many times. We said: with them, we will in fact have a spill it several times along the way. The federal hospital insurance trust fund, bright future. The toxicity in the manufacturing is which pays inpatient hospital expenses, will f greater than it is in wood manufactur- be able to pay for only about seven years and ing. And it is much harder to recycle or is severely out of financial balance in the TIMBER SALVAGE to dispose of when its usefulness is long range. The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under over. The trustees, therefore, have logi- the Speaker’s announced policy of May The same thing with metal. We dig it cally called for prompt, effective and 12, 1995, the gentleman from North from the ground. A great deal of energy decisive action to save the fund from Carolina [Mr. TAYLOR] is recognized for in the smelting process, and it is much its own insolvency. As well the biparti- 60 minutes as the designee of the ma- harder to recycle than is the renewable san commission on entitlement and tax jority leader. resource of wood. Also, both of those reform, headed by Senator BOB KERREY Mr. TAYLOR of North Carolina. Mr. items are finite resources; when they and Senator John Danforth came to Speaker, we are here today to talk are gone, they are gone. the same conclusion. about the Presidential veto of the tim- The renewable resource of wood man- This impending disaster only came to ber rescission or timber salvage aged on a perpetual yield basis can light very recently. The Clinton admin- amendment that is part of the rescis- take our lands, our best suited lands istration had tried to sweep it under sion package that has passed this for timber and grow over and over the rug. His fiscal year 1996 budget pro- House, passed the Senate, has been again the multitude of products that poses no changes or solutions to Medi- confirmed, from the conferees, by the we need for all of our home products, care’s problems, and he even did not House and is waiting confirmation in paper, many resources that otherwise bring that up when he had the White the Senate. we would have to use finite resources. House Conference on Aging. It was not The President has promised to veto Now, it is better for us to use the re- even addressed by him. the entire rescission package, and that newable resource of wood or use up our As Medicare travels the road toward includes the timber salvage amend- finite resources? bankruptcy, President Clinton has ment. The salvage amendment was put We are today importing over one- been AWOL, absent without leadership, together after considerable consulta- third of the timber that we need, over on this issue. He has even refused to tion with the Forest Service, with 16 billion board feet. Often this is har- participate in a bipartisan effort to many groups; in fact, the final amend- vested from far more sensitive environ- save Medicare. Not until the Repub- ment reflected a good many sugges- mental areas than we have available to licans had come forward to talk openly tions from the White House itself, and us in the United States. and honestly about how we can save, still the White House wishes to veto So by forcing these imports, we are preserve and protect Medicare has the the entire rescission package, includ- damaging tropical rain forests in many problem been described and the options ing the timber amendment. cases and other more sensitive parts of been discussed. What we are talking about with the land. House Republicans are determined to timber amendment tonight is to tell What we tried to do with the timber work with House Democrats to save people what is going to be the result of amendment, a bipartisan amendment Medicare by using new approaches, new that Presidential veto. First of all, we that had the support of the United management, new technologies to im- have to look at what is happening to Brotherhood of Carpenters, the United prove it, preserve it and protect it. our forests and what is happening to Paperworkers International Union, Congress has an unprecedented oppor- the jobs related to forest harvesting. Western Council of Industrial Workers, tunity, Mr. Speaker, to undertake a Our forests are deteriorating in health National Association of Home Builders, fundamental reform of this important because we are not managing them Realtors, Women in Timber and many Medicare Program. along the lines of our best scientific other small business organizations. It One of the steps many of us are tak- knowledge in forests. We have a well- was to craft language that would pro- ing are Medicare preservation task funded special interest of environ- vide us with 59,000 more jobs during the forces, where we have senior citizens, mental groups in Washington that take three years in the timber communities. people involved with AARP, RSVP, in over $600 million, and they take in It would bring in an additional $2 bil- groups across our country like my own that money by scaring people into lion in payroll for timber workers in in Montgomery, Pennsylvania to make thinking the last tree is going to be cut communities all over this country. It sure we include seniors in the solution. tomorrow or some other fantasy in would provide over $450 million in addi- Seniors need to be served. We want to order to bring those hundreds of mil- tional tax revenue, and it would put make sure we hear from them about lions of dollars in to themselves. This over $423 million returned to the Treas- options on making sure we protect it does not meet with true science or with ury directly. Two hundred three mil- not only for seniors now but for gen- what is actually happening in the for- lion dollars would be shared with the erations to come. est. counties, mostly going to education, The General Accounting Office has The forests are deteriorating because which is where the counties put funds estimated that there is $44 billion that of the bad management that has been coming from the harvest of timber. is wasted on fraud and abuse in the pushed by these organizations creating It would also bring us a lower cost in Medicare and the Medicaid funds. As the policy over the last several years. fighting forest fires, which utilized $1 much as 30 cents of every $1 is simply The salvage amendment was an effort billion in Federal cost in 1994 and cost wasted or lost due to mismanagement. to try to return sensible environ- us 32 lives in this country fighting fire. House Republicans will increase Med- mentalism and sensible science back to The President plans to veto this bill, icare spending under our proposal from the harvest of our timber. And what the entire rescission bill and the tim- $4,700 per retiree to as much as $6,300 else is at stake? Is it better environ- ber salvage provision. That would put per retiree by 2002. This is a 45-percent mental policy for us not to harvest people back to work, reduce expendi- increase in Medicare spending per re- dead and dying wood in our forests, to tures on forest fires, and improve for- tiree. lose tens of thousands of jobs because est health. We will preserve the current Medi- we do not allow that harvest, to make Included also was section 318 timber. care system but we need to develop a the people of our country have to use Many people have said that the timber new series of options for our senior alternative resources other than wood? salvage bill is not needed because the citizens so they can control their own And what is the consequence of using Government has a process now for har- future. I believe that by working to- alternative resources other than wood? vesting salvaged timber. It does. But it gether both sides of the aisle we can We will make this podium, these has been used in such a way by many save Medicare, preserve and protect it chairs, this table out of either wood, organizations through the appeals H 5558 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE May 24, 1995 process, through delaying processes, trees. A third of the Sierras in parts timber is now in our forests. This tree that they render the harvest in salvag- are dead and dying trees. on this picture and many others like it ing of timber useless. If timber in the I believe the gentleman is the only li- blew down in a windstorm on the Northwest, in the Southeast, the censed forester in the United States Olympic Peninsula. Southwest, is not utilized within 6 to 24 Congress, so the gentleman has an ex- This is not an uncommon occurrence months, then it usually is lost as far as pertise that no one else really does, not in this Washington State coast. While any practical use and the ability to sal- to the degree that the gentleman does. this tree grew in a region that is per- vage it. He understands what happens when we fect for its growth, the unique com- So it must be done quickly. Appeals have a forest fire, and the environ- bination of heavy rainfall, wet soil, and and other actions by special interests mental damage that that does when it high winds caused trees like this giant in this country delay it for years. burns so hot. He understands that if we 500-year-old growth Douglas fir tree to For instance, the section 318 timber, do not take this dead and dying timber blow down. Thousands of these blown- it is in Washington and Oregon, this while it still has commercial value, down trees are lying on the forest floor area has already met all the environ- then the taxpayer is burdened by shell- right now. mental requirements. This is green ing out money out of, I guess, the gen- However, this tree had a chance to be timber but it has not yet been released. eral fund to go remove these trees. different. Mr. Jim Carlson, in the pic- It has been waiting since 1990, over 5 There is nothing to be regained in ture, tried to purchase this tree from years. And this meets all the environ- terms of repaying the Treasury. the Forest Service, to be cut up in his mental requirements, and it meets, it Is that your understanding? sawmill and sold to the public. His saw- has already been approved to move, but Mr. TAYLOR of North Carolina. This mill used to employ about 100 people. it has been held up for over 5 years is true, and not only that. I doubt if we The Quinault Ranger District refused while people in Washington and Oregon could get that money expended, and to sell this tree to him. Mr. Carlson are without jobs. the wood would not go to create jobs, later came back to the Forest Service I think the salvage bill itself pro- in most cases, if it was harvested that and asked to buy the tree, pay money vides an opportunity to review environ- way. for it, the lumber to be used in the con- mental laws. It requires the secretary Mr. DOOLITTLE. Yes, because it has struction of an interpretive building of agriculture to see that those laws a no value. So at that point they are that he wanted to build on this ranch are followed; if he feels that a tract can just doing something to improve the as part of an economic diversification be salvaged following the Environ- health. project. This would have allowed Mr. mental Species Act and the Forest I would comment, we have had a Carlson to get into the tourism busi- Acts and some other group disagrees highly slanted, unfair, biased report ness which, as long as we are going to with him, they have the right to ap- called the Green Scissors Report, put him out of the timber business, peal. They cannot have endless appeals. which is a coalition of, I believe, Earth seems to me about the least we could They must appeal directly to a federal First and the National Taxpayers do. judge, a district court judge and they Union and Citizens Against Govern- The request was also denied, in spite have 45 days in which the judge will ment Waste, which is, I think, just of the fact that provisions for this type hear the evidence and then make a rul- shocking in terms of the distortion of sale were contained in the Grays ing, and then that is the end. that is in that report. One of the things Harbor Federal Sustained Yield Unit If he feels the environment is endan- they attack is so-called below-cost Agreement. gered, then he can declare the sale un- timber sales. The taxpayers are the big losers in acceptable. If he thinks there is no en- What I find interesting is that many this story, though. This tree contained, vironmental damage to be done, he can of these self-professed groups that pro- just look at this tree, it contained declare the sale to move ahead, and fess to protect the environment drag 21,000 board feet of lumber. The sale of that is the end of the appeals process. out the appeals process as long as they this tree by the Federal Government to can, so they make sure that timber has Mr. Carlson would have brought the b 1900 no commercial value, and then, when taxpayers, would have brought the The Forest Service itself then puts money is spent to get rid of that tim- Federal Government, $10,000 to $20,000. together, through professionals, the ber to protect the health of the forest, Mr. Carlson would have been able to sale, and puts it out to the highest bid- I believe that counts against the over- manufacture that lumber from this one der. There is no forest giveaway, there all tree program, and so it is tree and sell it for approximately is a sale to the highest bidder for the bootstrapping. They make sure that it $60,000 on the retail market. That is timber to be utilized. does not recover the costs, and then the value of that one tree. Mr. Speaker, the fact that this legis- they try and show ‘‘Look what pork Mr. Speaker, the sad end for this tree lation brings in revenue, puts people barrel scandal support of industry we came in a perfectly legal, though ter- back to work, uses our best science, have here, because the taxpayer money ribly wasteful manner. An out of-work and gives full protection for environ- is going to support the timber indus- timber worker, armed with a firewood mental laws should mean that the try,’’ when in reality, their own ac- permit and a chain saw, cut up this President should not veto this legisla- tions have guaranteed that result. grand old giant for $5 a cord and paid tion, but should pass it. Mr. TAYLOR of North Carolina. Mr. about $115, $115 to the taxpayers of this Mr. Speaker, I will yield to some of Speaker, I yield to the gentleman from Nation, instead of the $10,000 to $20,000 the people affected by this. I yield to Washington [Mr. METCALF], whose that that tree was worth when it fell. the gentleman from California [Mr. State is also involved in this, if he The rest of the story, as Paul Harvey DOOLITTLE]. would talk to us about the impact in likes to say, is that this past year this Mr. DOOLITTLE. Mr. Speaker, I his area. timber worker had his home sold on thank the gentleman for yielding to (Mr. METCALF asked and was given the steps of the county courthouse, be- me. I wish to acknowledge the gentle- permission to revise and extend his re- cause he could not pay $932 in back man’s leadership on this salvage issue marks.) taxes, while the Quinault Ranger Dis- as a member of the Committee on Ap- Mr. METCALF. Mr. Speaker, the trict that would not sell him the tree propriations and a member of the con- President will soon have on his desk for lumber did not have enough money ference committee. He is to be com- legislation that would make good use to purchase the diesel fuel to run their mended for the work that he has done. of a valuable natural resources. How- road grader. Mr. Speaker, this will definitely re- ever, without the President’s signa- The extreme environmentalists op- sult in a vast improvement for the ture, this resource will rot away. pose harvesting downed or diseased quality of our forest health, which is so Tonight I will tell Members the story timber. For those who feel good to desperately needed in many parts of of just one tree, one in thousands in have that fine timber rot on the forest my district. In many parts of Califor- western Washington State. The Forest floor, for those people, I remind them nia and the Sierras, the percentages Service estimates that over $20 billion that 15 billion board feet that lies there range up to one-third of dead and dying board feet of dead, dying, or downed now will rot. There are no roads to get May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H 5559 to it. It is not accessible, and it will and meaningful action addressing this What I would like to do for the next rot. situation. We desperately need Presi- few minutes, Mr. Speaker, is outline I feel good about the 6 billion board dent Clinton to help by signing the bill just what the President means when he feet that we can salvage. The environ- which authorizes the timber salvage. says he objects to the amendment. mentalists claim these trees are nec- Mr. TAYLOR of North Carolina. Mr. That is, where his priorities lie, and essary for the nutrients they provide to Speaker, I thank the gentleman for his what that means to the rural commu- the forest floor. However, if we check comments. Of course, he has given an nities in my district in northern Cali- with the forestry scientists, they will exact case, something very close to fornia and in other regions throughout tell us that 90 percent of the nutrient home, where individual lives are being the country. impacted by a policy that does not re- value is found in the crown of the tree. b 1915 That is what stays in the forest when alize science, and does not realize the you take out the lumber. It stays in reality of forest management, but is Apparently the President is objecting the crown of the tree, while 80 percent trying to pander to an elite group of to wildfire prevention and forest of the fiber is found in he trunk. That special interests in Washington. health. 80 percent that we need, and which can Mr. Speaker, I would say to the Mr. Speaker, last year nearly 4 mil- be put to good use, contains less than President of the United States that if lion acres of forestland nationwide and some 375,000 acres in my district alone 10 percent of the nutrient value. he is serious about helping working It is possible, therefore, Mr. Speaker, people, and if he is serious about pro- were consumed by wildfire. This was to have the majority of the fiber we viding a balanced budget and providing due primarily to the excessive buildup seek from these trees and at the same resources to carry out a number of pro- of natural fuels, that is, dead and dying time leave the majority of nutrients grams that he would like to see in that trees in our forests. Mr. Speaker, of the 8 national forests behind. With a sensible salvage policy, budget, then we have an opportunity in my northern California congres- we can have our cake and eat it too, here to restore hundreds of millions of sional district, I have areas where as and at a profit to the Federal Govern- dollars to the taxpayers, to the budget, and to put tens of thousands of people much as 50 to 80 percent of the trees ment. are dead and dying due to disease, in- Mr. Speaker, there are thousands of back to work. sect infestation caused primarily be- trees just like this one in the Pacific I was mentioning a moment ago that cause of 7 out of 9 years of severe Northwest. When in full operation, Mr. we have section 318 timber that has been approved. If the President signs drought. In fact, tree mortality in my Carlson could have run his mill with district is so severe that the California only 150 trees like this each year. He this bill, we will get the benefit of 8,942 instant jobs, in addition to the ones in State Board of Forestry has declared would employ 60 direct, full-time work- much of the area as a zone of infesta- ers, with a payroll of over $1 million, the salvage bill, because part of the timber salvage amendment includes tion. from a yearly sales total of $7.5 million When these dead and dying trees ig- to $9 million. He would pay $200,000 to three phases. It includes the timber salvage portion, it includes the section nite, they burn with such intensity $400,000 per year in corporate income 318 timber that has been approved and that virtually everything in the forest, tax, he would pay $1 million to $2 mil- been waiting 5 years now, past all regu- live trees, riparian habitat, owl nesting lion in Forest Service stumpage fees. lations, been waiting 5 years to be put sites and even the soil is consumed. That is what the Federal Government on the market, and the option 9 that This kind of wildfire brings the health gets directly. the President himself recommended. of the forest to its lowest ebb. Nature His employees would pay personal in- With the 318 money we will put 8,942 is unable to repair itself for years, even come tax of over $1 million. They people to work immediately, $313 mil- if man does everything within his would have complete company-paid lion in additional payroll funds for power to help. Wildfire also does not medical care for themselves and their timber workers, $47 million in addi- discriminate between animal and families. In addition, Mr. Carlson tional tax revenue, $184 million re- human habitat. would employ up to 40 other people in turned to the Treasury, and $61 million Last year the city of Loyalton, for subcontractor positions. These would to be shared with the counties for example, in my district was threatened include the loggers and those people whatever uses they need and see fit. to be burned to the ground 3 times by that would help get the logs out of the Good-paying jobs are not govern- the same fire. Each time the town was forest. ment-trained jobs, they are reality, spared by changing winds. Next year To the State of Washington alone, they are what is needed in the market- the families who live in Loyalton may this legislation would mean 7,500 man- place. We have 151 job training pro- not be so fortunate. years of direct, indirect, and induced grams, yet here we could put tens of Our salvage amendment offered the employment. These are jobs we des- thousands of people back to work with- President the tools to protect our for- perately need, as well as making wise out the taxpayer training. ests and forest communities from this use of a resource that would otherwise Mr. Speaker, I yield to the gentleman kind of catastrophe, but apparently the go to waste. from California [Mr. HERGER], who also President finds this proposition objec- Sadly, if these giants are not har- has a personal experience. He has a per- tionable. Apparently the President vested within 2 years of being blown sonal experience of what is going on in would rather see our forests and the down, or fire or disease-damaged, they the mismanagement of forests in Cali- towns adjacent to them, the Loyaltons are of no value as timber. They begain fornia. in States throughout the country, blow to deteriorate within 2 years. Thus, Mr. HERGER. Mr. Speaker, I thank up in fire storms than remove the dead they are of no value to us as taxpayers. the gentleman for yielding to me, and and dying trees that cause this kind of This is part of the emergency situation for all of his hard work. I believe he is disaster. we face in our forests. the only certified forester in the House The President apparently also ob- Unless the President signs this im- of Representatives. I thank him for his jects to putting unemployed people portant legislation, giant trees like leadership in this area. back to work. Mr. Speaker, since 1987, that will rot back into the forest floor Mr. Speaker, when the President 51 mills have closed in northern Cali- from which they sprang. It is my hope threatened to veto the 1995 Supple- fornia due to drastic decreases in Fed- that he can see the common sense in mental Appropriations and Rescission eral timber sales and the listing of the this legislation, and make the best use Bill, H.R. 1158, he stated, among other Northern Spotted Owl. Forty-two of of our forest resources. things, that he ‘‘really objected to the these mills have closed since the begin- The forest communities all over the timber salvage provision of the bill.’’ I ning of 1990. Twenty-nine are in my Pacific Northwest are dying. Our peo- was quite surprised to hear this, par- district. ple are dying, in economic terms. This ticularly in light of what the amend- These closures have literally dev- salvage timber opportunity is here ment stands for in terms of wildfire astated many small timber-dependent now, and it is something that we deep- prevention, forest health, jobs, and the communities. Thousands of workers ly need in the State of Washington. We preservation of rural schools all over have been dislocated, causing unem- can wait no longer for consideration the country. ployment to exceed 20 percent in some H 5560 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE May 24, 1995 areas. Welfare rolls have ballooned and spurred on by environmental extrem- the environment when it is brought in domestic violence has risen sharply. It ists and special interest groups, a pres- and smelted and produced as opposed has simply been a social travesty. ervationist war that apparently he will to a renewable resource like wood, eas- When the President held his Western continue waging until our forests are ily recyclable and can be used over and Forest Health Summit in 1992, he locked up completely and the enemy, grown over and over again? promised to help these people. What the people who have lived and managed Mr. HERGER. I thank again the gen- has he done since then? Since he made them for generations, have been van- tleman for bringing this out. Again we his highly touted promises to the peo- quished. are talking about a renewable resource. ple of northern California, Forest Serv- Mr. Speaker, I thank the gentleman As I mentioned earlier in my talk, I ice timber sales in the region have fall- from North Carolina [Mr. TAYLOR] for have some eight national forests, all or en to approximately half of their 1992 his leadership in having this special parts of them in my district. Of that levels and to approximately one-third order and bringing this to the atten- part, during the time when we were of their historic levels. tion of not only the Members of the under historic levels and were harvest- Year 1995 looks even more bleak for Congress but to the American people. ing, approximately 75 percent were off- the timber communities. Of the 20 tim- Mr. TAYLOR of North Carolina. I ap- limits to any type of harvesting at all. ber purchasers which currently have preciate the gentleman’s commitment They were in preserves, they were in outstanding timber contracts in the to his constituency and the people of national parks, in wilderness areas. So Klamath and Sierra Provinces of this country and his willingness to tell we really had about 25 percent of the northern California, only 7 of these 20 them the truth about what is happen- pie that could be harvested, and will have outstanding contracts at the ing in your district, and it is happening through our California laws could not end of 1995. The bottom line is, the in- in districts all over the United States. be harvested any more rapidly than dustry is being bled dry. I would like to ask the gentleman a they were growing back. How ironic it is to consider that at question. The President when he indi- At this point, even that 25 percent the same time we have a desperate cated that he would veto this bill, he has been locked up. Maybe there is need to remove the dead and dying tim- made a statement, and I am quoting about 5 percent or even less that we are ber from our forests, we also have a from it. He says, ‘‘I object to this able to harvest. Again, we are talking work force in desperate need of jobs. amendment which would basically di- about a renewable resource. These steel Mr. Speaker, common sense says that rect us to make timber sales to large studs that you are referring to or even we have the wherewithal to kill two companies.’’ in our grocery store, the plastic. Plas- birds with one stone, to save our for- The people who harvest the timber tic is not renewable. Steel studs are ests and put a number of people back out in your area, are those the major not renewable. But yet our forest prod- to work. But again, Mr. Speaker, the companies, the Weyerhausers and the ucts are renewable. Again, it is a trag- President apparently finds this objec- other larger corporations? In our area, edy to our environment to see this hap- tionable. The fact is that he is turning it is mostly mom-and-pop outfits, they pening, that not only are our forests his back on the promises he made in hire maybe under 100 people, they are rotting and burning but our commu- 1992 and to the people to whom he people in the community, and most of nities are being deprived of their very made them. those folks are right there in the com- livelihoods. Again, this is a tragedy, Finally, the President apparently munity. These are not large companies. and I thank the gentleman for bringing also objects to infusing money for These are basic community small busi- this out. schools and roads into depressed rural nesses. Mr. TAYLOR of North Carolina. The communities which have not the Is that the case in your area? gentleman makes another good point. money for either. Mr. Speaker, 25 per- Mr. HERGER. That is absolutely the We are not talking about any harvest cent of the receipts of all Federal tim- case in our area. Again there is prob- in national parks. We are not talking ber sales are returned directly to coun- ably not any other industry that has as about harvesting in wilderness areas or ties to fund schools and road construc- many small business type family orga- wild and scenic river areas. As you say, tion. Any county school superintend- nizations than in the timber business, 75 percent of the national forests even ent in northern California would tell that business which provides our Na- are off-limits from this harvest. Only you of the devastating impact reduced tion with our paper products, provides about 25 percent of the area which is timber sales have had on the schools in us with the wood products to be able to already being used and harvested from his or her district. build our homes, to be able to have af- a commercial standpoint, or at least Plumas County, for example, has had fordable homes, essential needs. Yet as eligible—it is not being harvested its annual school budget cut by as the gentleman mentioned, these are now—for harvesting will be impacted. much as $5.3 million from its 1992 lev- primarily done by family small busi- A very small part, one-third, of this els. Siskiyou County has lost over $1.7 nesses. Nation’s public lands that the Govern- million annually since 1992. These dras- Mr. TAYLOR of North Carolina. I ment owns today. tic cuts to school budgets which are would suggest that the President get I would also remind, and I think the very small to begin with, Mr. Speaker, away from the elite environment that gentleman pointed out a moment ago, have forced school boards to eliminate he is surrounded by at the White House management of the forest and thinning some of the most basic scholastic pro- and go out and talk to these folks and of the forest is important for forest grams which most school districts take see how many businesses are involved. health, whether it is down wood or for granted. Major timber companies that have standing wood. There was a wire today, Our salvage amendment would give millions of acres of land do not need a green wire that came out that point- county school districts and road funds this to produce their forest products, ed out that aspen trees in New Mexico an infusion of a projected $380 million. but small businesses do. They are being and Arizona are on a rapid decline. This money would also help restore devastated to the point of tens of thou- It points out that in 1962, there were basic programs in rural schools. But, sands of jobs all over this country. 486,000 acres and it is down to 263,000 again, Mr. Speaker, the President ap- I think the gentleman brought our acres now, a 46 percent decrease of parently finds this proposition objec- another point, homebuilding. The aver- aspen, and the primary reason is the tionable. Apparently his ‘‘people first’’ age cost of a home has gone up over aspen, and I am quoting from it, needs philosophy does not include children in $7,000 just over what has happened in open spaces to grow. They need to clear poor rural communities. the Pacific Northwest, and expected to the forests so the younger trees can So what does the President not ob- go higher. We are using today metal grow out, and that can be done, accord- ject to? If he objects to fire prevention, studs for construction purposes as well ing to this green wire, in several ways. job creation, and the preservation of as other metal components instead of One is by wood harvest. That is impor- rural schools, what does he not object the renewable resource of wood. tant in managing today’s forest. If you to? He apparently does not object to How can you possibly be an environ- are going to have a wealthy forest, it continuing what he began the day he mentalist and want to use a finite has to be managed, and harvest is part took office, an all-out war on the West product that is hard to recycle, hard on of that management. May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H 5561 I would go back and talk again about years and years before option 9 can The President is vetoing it because what the President said in his state- move ahead, and that in effect is the he is being asked by a group of ill-in- ment. He went on in addition to saying President denying the people even that formed special interests in Washington this was made up of large timber com- part of his promise that he made in the not to do it. panies, we were directing the cuts in Pacific Northwest. If you read the Wall Street Journal sales to large timber companies, and We have a section that is called the of 2 weeks ago last Friday you will see that is entirely false. I would say it is 4–D areas, a provision that legitimizes why. The environmental organizations close to 99 percent of these companies future action for the administration’s in this town, the special interest to that are going to be harvesting, that 4–D section on Endangered Species Act which I refer that take in the $600 mil- will be winning bids on forest sales, rulings for relief of small landowners lion and lavish it out to political spe- come from small family firms and which was also included by the con- cial interests, were polled as to their would be classified as small businesses ferees. When the administration fin- support. The report said they were ba- under all the definitions of small busi- ishes its 4–D rules, millions of small sically left-leaning, 93 percent who sup- ness. landowners will be out from under the port the President of the United He also mentioned there would be a ESA restrictions on timber harvesting. States, voted for President Clinton in subsidy to the taxpayer. The Congres- It would free up hundreds of thousands the 1992 election. And he now is reach- sional Budget Office saw no subsidy, of board feet of new timber by small ing out to pander to that very elite the taxpayer was not subsidizing these property landowners. special interest and forget 88,000 honest sales. In fact, they saw tens of millions The acceptance of this provision was taxpaying citizens who can be put back of dollars coming into the treasury, basically a good-faith attempt to show to work immediately. and I think we quoted from those fig- that Congress is willing to work with ures a moment ago. the administration’s plan to utilize I would remind them of one other Then he went on to say that this leg- section 4–D of the ESA to provide relief statement that was made by the group, islation would essentially throw out all for small landowners. an environmental group who spoke environmental laws, and that is ridicu- In other words, the President has positively about the President’s threat lous. If he would talk to his own chief made many representations. What we to veto, and I am quoting the Oregon- of the U.S. Forest Service, he would are trying to do is to bring those rep- based Headwaters organization, and it tell them that the environmental laws resentations to fruition. Certainly the said ‘‘By preventing these clear cuts, are not being thrown out, that the Sec- President can support that. President Clinton today saved the mar- retary is required to follow a number of The President’s veto means that the ble murrelet from extinction.’’ Now the environmental laws. If there was administration’s commitment to pro- that defies sensibility. We are talking no requirement for following them, vide relief in timber communities will about dead timber, we are talking there would be no reason for an appeal, not happen. The President’s veto about timber that in many cases has and there is an appeal process. threat and comments on the timber already blown over on the ground, we I would go to the last segment in the provisions in the rescission bill is proof are talking about timber that has been salvage amendment, and, that is, that that his campaign pledge to put people burned, we are talking about timber was inserted by the Senate. It was op- first has been breached. that is insect-infested. Clearcutting tion 9 timber harvest. The number of jobs in the entire re- dead and dying timber is ridiculous, scission bill, including the salvage por- and how you could have saved any- b 1930 tion, 318 and option 9, would create thing, the marbled murrelet from tak- The President himself went to the over 88,000 jobs; in other words, it ing out salvaging dead timber remains Pacific Northwest directly after his would put that many people who have to be seen. election and promised the people that been unemployed this period of time I yield to the gentleman from Cali- he would start seeing that the forests back in their jobs all across this coun- fornia, Mr. RIGGS, whose district also is there were being harvested. Now he cut try. Instead of that, the President is impacted by this legislation, who has the harvest down to approximately 20 willing rather to see that the forests real people who are suffering because percent of what it would be or what it rot or burn than to see that good of the policies of this administration had been in the past, but even that is silviculture, good management, forest and because of the veto threat of this not happening. The extreme elements health management is put in place. administration. who are influencing the administration I would remind him that his promise are seeing that is not happening. Of the was to help bring economic activity Mr. RIGGS. I thank the gentleman 1.2 billion board feet that were selected back to the area. His veto of this legis- for yielding, and I commend him for his for harvest under Option 9, almost lation will kill that entirely. His sign- extraordinary leadership in helping to none of that timber has been cut since ing of that bill will give 88,000 people steer this very important piece of leg- the plan was selected by the adminis- across this country and primary in the islation properly called the emergency tration. Pacific Northwest immediate employ- timber salvage amendment through the It was tested in district court, was ment. House and making sure it survived the upheld in district court in December, There are numerous opportunities for House and Senate conference commit- and the conference language would re- us to evaluate this bill. The Congress tee. quire that it now proceed and it would had hearings, the Committee on Agri- I want to tell the gentleman that I insulate it from further judicial review culture and Committee on Resources am dismayed to put it mildly that the so that we do not have to subject the had joint hearings before they re- President might specifically point to tens of thousands of employees to end- quested that I sponsor this amendment our emergency timber salvage amend- less appeals on this process. in the Committee on Appropriations. ment as grounds for vetoing the emer- In real terms if we restore and bring We had debate in the Committee on gency supplemental appropriations and the Option 9 procedures ahead, it would Appropriations, we had debate upon rescissions package, first of all because restore almost 19,000 jobs for timber the floor. There were 277 members of the bill as the gentleman well knows workers in the communities in the so- Congress who supported this bill; it appropriates Federal assistance, Fed- called spotted owl areas, it would add was opposed by 149. It passed with al- eral aid for disaster victims in Califor- $664 million in additional payroll for most two-thirds of this Congress’ sup- nia, many of whom live in my congres- timber workers, it would add $54 mil- port. It passed in the Senate. It came sional district and were victims of last lion in additional tax revenue, and $360 back and was approved, the conference winter’s severe flooding, but also be- million would be returned to the Treas- language in the House was approved cause, frankly, we need to ensure a ury; $120 million would go to the coun- overwhelmingly, as it will be in the greater supply to timber, and what bet- ties to be shared as we mentioned a Senate. And so, this is the people ter source than the dead and dying moment ago primarily for education. through their representatives speaking trees on Federal forest lands for the Even the Forest Service estimates for what is needed in this country and independent mills in the north part of that if we do not proceed it may be what they want. my congressional district, which are H 5562 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE May 24, 1995 very much a part of that regional econ- introduce me and yield ti me to me, my this is to be distinguished from genu- omy, and the independent mills, frank- congressional district, the First Con- ine, honest, working people out there ly, are almost the backbone of our re- gressional District of northwest Cali- that are concerned about the environ- gional economy and have been beset by fornia, is home to all or part of four ment. I have three children, I am con- any number of pressures in recent Federal forest lands. Our economy, our cerned about the environment. years, not least of which is in my view regional economy in northwest Califor- b 1945 an overregulation of our Federal forest nia is very much resource-dependent. lands and a moving away from utilizing We have traditionally relied upon the Many people across the country are those forest lands to produce a re- forest products industry as the primary concerned. I am talking a special inter- source that the mills can then use to source of steady, good-paying, indus- est here that takes in over $600 million turn into products and to create and to trial-type jobs, and, frankly, I would by frightening people and does not save jobs. hope that the administration will re- come close to putting out the truth of Let me point out to the gentleman consider their position, allow us to what is happening. It is an organiza- what I am sure he has already men- begin extracting that resource off of tion that, according to the Journal re- tioned here tonight, and that is our Federal forest lands for the benefit of port, is very far left. It voted 93 percent amendment is vitally needed for fire- our economies and the benefit of our for Mr. Clinton in 1992. I know it is a supression purposes and the health of local communities in our congressional special interest group that backs him. the forests. Our amendment would save district, in your congressional district, But pandering to that group at the lives and save, frankly, the Federal and in many congressional districts expense of these tens of thousands of Government millions of dollars in fire- across the country. wage earners out in that part of the suppression costs that have been spent Mr. TAYLOR of North Carolina. country and doing it against the rec- combating these raging wildfires that Would the gentleman perhaps consider ommendations that he made himself, have burned out of control particularly this question: If the President signs promises he made himself, with option in the western United States in recent this rescission package, he will put 9 and other promises to get these peo- years. 88,000 people back to work, and these ple back to work, I cannot understand Second, it would generate revenues are good, high-paying jobs, that is why why he is picking this very left-wing for the Federal Treasury by again al- we have at least three or four union en- group over this large part of America’s lowing the salvage harvesting of these dorsements here, we have the National working people, labor unions that want dead and dying trees on Federal forest Home Builders, we have many organi- to go back to work, members, others, lands. Our amendment, which the gen- zations endorsing this. and I am just confused as to why this tleman was able to incorporate into At a time when unemployment is rel- administration would pander to this the appropriations bill when it left the atively high across the country and es- small, elite group as opposed to main- full committee, was actually one of the pecially high in the Pacific Northwest stream America, why he would fly in revenue-positive aspects of that piece and other areas that would be impacted the face of nearly two-thirds of the of legislation, and was one of the meas- greatest by this, why would the Presi- House of Representatives. ures that were used to pay if you will dent not sign a bill that would put This was a bipartisan effort. for the expenditures in the bill, not 88,000 people back to work, would im- To get two-thirds, we had over 70 least of which again was Federal disas- prove the forests’ health, would actu- Democrats who voted and worked hard ter assistance for emergency victims in ally by his own Forest Service admis- for the bill. The gentleman from Wash- California. sion, would really create a healthier ington [Mr. DICKS] was particularly Second, I would like to point out, as forest? Why would he not do that? helpful to get the bill passed; the gen- again I am sure the gentleman has Mr. RIGGS. If the gentleman would tleman from Texas [Mr. WILSON], oth- stressed here tonight, that our amend- yield, I would be the last one to specu- ers were involved in this, as well as the ment is designed at taking some of late for the administration on this par- gentleman from California [Mr. RIGGS], these dead and dying and diseased trees ticular question, and I know that the and it is all of us who are looking to out of Federal forest lands at a rate, gentleman’s question is somewhat rhe- help these working men and women get frankly, that is far below the annual torical in nature. But he makes a very, their jobs back, high-paying jobs in mortality rate on Federal forest lands, very good point. most cases, to get them back in the so what we have proposed here is a First of all we are talking about jobs mainstream economy, and here the very reasonable amendment, one that that are not easily replaced in the local President is threatening to do that, to is good for the environment, again economies of resource-dependent com- veto it. He is threatening because of good for forest health purposes, it is munities. And I cannot fathom his mo- the pressure from a group that does not good forestry technique or silvicultural tivation, except for the possibility that know a sourwood from a white pine. technique in that it allows the selec- the President is afraid of frankly an- I had one of them testifying in the tive thinning of our forest lands tagonizing a core constituency in the Committee on Interior the other day targeting dead and dying trees, national Democratic Party, and that is who testified he was an environmental thinning those forest lands and manag- the more militant environmental ele- educator. After he told me all the ing those forest lands for again forest- ment which has made professional en- things that were happening in the for- health and fire-suppression purposes. vironmental activism a movement in est, the world was coming to an end, I I must say I am perplexed by the America in recent years. They are the tried to ascertain his qualifications. I President’s position on this particular forces, the entrenched forces of the sta- found out he did not have a degree in issue. It seems like his administration tus quo on this particular issue. They anything, and his practical knowledge has been, frankly, talking on both sides are the ones that are frankly saying let was void. I asked him what portion of of this issue. In fact the very day be- those dead and dying trees rot on the the country was owned by the Federal fore the President mentioned in his forest floor rather than use those trees Government. It is about a third. He did veto threat our emergency timber sal- as a resource to produce a value-added not have a clue. I asked him how many vage amendment as grounds for a po- product and again ensure good paying acres were in the U.S. Forest Service tential Presidential veto I has been as- jobs in the forest products industry and system. It is 191 million acres. He did sured by our former colleague and the the communities that depend on that not know. I asked him how much of new Secretary of Agriculture, Dan industry as the primary source of their that 191 million acres could be har- Glickman from Kansas, that he as the economic livelihood and economic vested today. He said it all could. Less Agriculture Secretary intended to do well-being. than 25 percent of it can be harvested all that he could as a key representa- Mr. TAYLOR of North Carolina. A today. tive of the administration to ensure little while ago I mentioned the study What I am saying is, with that kind that we began selling more timber off that was published in the Wall Street of misinformation, the President would of our Federal forest lands, and as the Journal a couple of weeks ago pointed do well to listen to the working men gentleman pointed out in his opening out this special interest in Washington and women in California and Washing- remarks when he was kind enough to of the environmental movement, and ton and Oregon and other parts of this May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H 5563 country as opposed to listening to a clean water laws and not people that fords all Americans, the right to vote very elite special interest group that is support the clean air laws and not peo- for all our citizens. giving him very bad information. ple that support public health laws, but He has faced all manner of discour- Mr. RIGGS. If the gentleman will the real extremists are a good many agement, and yet he has never been yield, I think the gentleman makes an Republicans in this body who literally discouraged. I just want to thank you, excellent point, and I would simply add want to privatize some of the national I say to the gentleman from Georgia that again the hard-core professional parks, sell the national parks to large [Mr. LEWIS], for not only this special environmental element, which again corporations, want to roll back a lot of order but for the life that you have has become, giving, I guess, the devil the environmental laws, clean air laws, lived and showing that America should its due, a well-organized and well-fund- safe drinking water laws, laws that af- be there for everyone and living the ed movement in this country in recent fect, that we have built a consensus in life that is exemplary, what you are. years, having lost this debate through this country around that have given us And so I am delighted to participate a fair and open process at the full Com- the best public health in our history, with you. mittee on Appropriations level when that have given us the best, strongest Mr. LEWIS of Georgia. I thank the the bill was marked up, in fact, when laws in the world to protect our citi- gentlewoman for those comments. the gentleman’s amendment was voted zens against everything from breast Mrs. CLAYTON. The right to vote is on on an up-or-down basis, having lost cancer to tuberculosis. We have done a precious right because all rights de- the debate out here on this House floor that well in this country in the last 3 rive from the voting right. Freedom of when we debated at some length the or 4 decades, something I am proud of. speech, which we know as the First merits of the gentleman’s emergency I live in Lorain, Ohio. My back door Amendment, has far less meaning with- timber salvage amendment, then em- looks out over Lake Erie. Twenty out the right to vote and to elect those ploys a back-door mechanism, goes to years ago, Lake Erie was declared dead persons who will uphold that fun- the White House and convinces the cer- in many parts. Part of the Cuyahoga damental freedom. tain figures in the President’s adminis- River in Cleveland caught on fire. Freedom from illegal search and sei- tration that he really ought to veto Becuase of the efforts of the U.S. zure, which we know as the fourth this bill, which, as the gentleman EPA, because of the commitment of a amendment, has little meaning if those pointed out, passed the House with lot of people in Lorain, Cleveland, Me- who hold elective office do not stand up strong bipartisan support, and I want dina, and all of northeast Ohio and and protect those basic freedoms. to say that the President, frankly, is other areas, we as a Nation were able The term due process, the fifth not, in my just intuitive sense here, he to clean up that lake, so my daughters, amendment, providing important pro- is not heeding his instinct. He is not Emily and Elizabeth, can now swim in cedural safeguards, guaranteed by the doing what I think, frankly, he knows Lake Erie, and other people, we drink Constitution, become mere words if is the right thing. the water, we can enjoy that lake those who we elect fail to protect I mean, after all, this is a President recreationally, and it helps create jobs. them. who campaigned on a promise of put- It helps attract people to the Great And the equality of treatment under ting people first. Well, I want to point Lakes to build their businesses and the law, the 14th amendment, is a out to the President that the independ- build their industries and employ peo- platitude we talk about that becomes a ent timber mills of this country have ple. living reality only when, now only launched a new campaign called Put- The extremists and the environ- when, those we vote into office become ting Family Businesses First, so if the mental issue are not those 70 or 80 per- champions of those rights. The Constitution is a living and President met his campaign rhetoric, if cent of the American people that want breathing document that gets its life he really does believe in putting people clean air, pure food, safe drinking from people we elect. and families first, he can begin by re- water for their children and their fami- It is, therefore, clearly the best way considering his threat to veto the gen- lies and their grandchildren, but the to safeguard all of our rights is to exer- tleman’s outstanding emergency tim- people that want to sell off the na- cise our most fundamental right, and ber salvage amendment. tional parks and allow the chemical that is the right to vote. And the first Mr. TAYLOR of North Carolina. That companies and other polluters to write step in exercising that right obviously falls in line with the President’s dec- the laws that dismantle the best envi- is to register. We in Congress have laration that these are large compa- ronmental laws in our history and the made registering to vote easy. The Na- nies. These are not large companies. best environmental laws in the whole tional Voter Registration Act of 1993, These are small, family-size businesses. world, and that is what concerns me the so-called motor voter bill, was f when I hear this kind of debate on the passed by Congress and signed into law House floor. THE REAL ENVIRONMENTAL by President Clinton May 20, 1993. EXTREMISTS Mr. LEWIS of Georgia. I say to my The motor voter act took effect Jan- friend, the gentleman from Ohio [Mr. The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. uary 1 of this year. It requires basi- Brown] I must agree with you. There is NETHERCUTT). Under the Speaker’s an- cally that we get our drivers license, nothing radical about wanting to know nounced policy of May 12, 1995, the gen- we can register by mail, any time we what is in the air we breathe, what is tleman from Georgia [Mr. LEWIS] is get public services, those three areas in the water we drink or what is in the recognized for 30 minutes as the des- allow us to register very easily. With food we eat. I thank the gentleman ignee of the minority leader. this simplified registration, we expect very much for his comments. Mr. LEWIS of Georgia. Mr. Speaker, citizens will register to vote. I yield to the gentleman from Ohio I yield to the gentlewoman from Indeed, in North Carolina, since im- North Carolina [Mrs. CLAYTON]. [Mr. BROWN], my friend and colleague. plementation of the motor voter law, Mr. BROWN of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, I CELEBRATING THE MOTOR-VOTER LAW some 88,000 new voters have registered, just sat here listening for the last hour Mrs. CLAYTON. Mr. Speaker, I also 88,000. The reason for the simplified as the gentleman from Georgia [Mr. want to applaud my colleague, the gen- registration procedure is actually to LEWIS] did, and my friend, the gentle- tleman from Georgia [Mr. LEWIS] for encourage more people to participate, woman from North Carolina [Mr. CLAY- organizing this special order and his and we know there has been a declining TON] talking about environmental ex- dedication and commitment to the participation of citizens in elections, tremists and environmental extre- cause of voting and the rights of civil so we need to do that. mism. rights. He has an impeccable reputa- One author has said the deadliest The fact is that 70 percent of the tion, and those people who know of his enemy is not really those who live in American public wants to see not record know that, indeed, the gen- foreign lands but really it is within weaker but stronger environmental tleman from Georgia [Mr. LEWIS] is a ourselves. I want to say to you, JOHN, laws, and the real extremists and the long-distance runner in the struggle for that the same thing could be applied to real radicals in this environmental de- civil rights and the opportunity for us in our own community or in our own bate are not people that support the basic rights that the Constitution af- private life: The deadliest enemy is not H 5564 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE May 24, 1995 without, it is within, and that deadly I was Ohio secretary of state for 8 They refuse to follow the law of the enemy that is within is those who years. One of my jobs was to encourage land. Even some Members of Congress would discourage the participation, people and do all I could to get them to oppose Motor Voter. They want to re- and this would be apathy, idleness, in- register to vote. We registered literally peal this successful law. attention and indifference. And be- 1 million people over those 8 years. We Mr. Speaker, during an earlier period cause of these enemies, only about one- were able to do it by using a lot of the of my life, I put my body, my heart and fourth of those voting last November motor voter registration at unemploy- my soul on the line to increase partici- actually voted, and so, therefore, we ment offices, registration at res- pation of all people in the political had, what, the Contract With America taurants, reaching out all over to peo- process. From the sit-ins to the Free- as a result of that, apathy and indiffer- ple in all walks of life, and it works. dom Rides to the March on Washing- ence, although we have the right to Nationally, that is what is happening ton, to the March from Selma to Mont- register. right now. we are reaching into all seg- gomery, I and thousands of others The majority of Americans did not ments of the community, rich and worked for the civil rights of all Amer- vote for those who pressed for the Con- poor, black and white, men and women, icans. We wanted to make one man, tract With America. The proponents of- all across the board. We are seeing hun- one vote—one woman, one vote—a re- fered it, nevertheless, but one-half of dreds of thousands of people in State ality. This was our cause. them accepted that, only one-half of after State after State register to vote. In the history of our nation, we were that 25 percent who voted, but never- not alone. Time and again, ordinary b 2000 theless if people had voted, it would American citizens have risen in defense have been a different study. If we are going to be the kind of de- of one person, one vote. From the Min- Compare the record with those who mocracy that we need in this country utemen at Lexington and Concord to voted in Africa. When people voted in that we have all striven for, it means Abraham Lincoln—from Susan B. An- Africa, they stood in long lines to vote; we need to expand the number of peo- thony to Viola Liuzzo—from Dr. Mar- they stood, and the weather was in- ple voting so everyone has a choice in tin Luther King, Jr., to James Chaney, clement. Some of the people were dis- selecting the next Congress, selecting Andy Goodman and Mickey Schwerner abled themselves, but they wanted to the next President. . . . people have given their heart, vote so well that they would suffer per- I say to the gentleman, ‘‘I am proud their soul—and often their lives—so sonal indignities just to have the op- to join with you, Mr. LEWIS, in your ef- that all Americans could vote. portunity to vote, the threat of vio- forts to get more people registered to We have all come a long way. The lence, even death, for those who were vote, whether it is—regardless of where Declaration of Independence and the in South Africa. They wanted the op- those people are registered, whether it United States Constitution first stated portunity to participate. is a government office, whether it is a that all people are created equal, and And I think, I would say to the gen- license bureau, whatever kind of place that they are endowed with certain in- tleman from Georgia [Mr. LEWIS] that it might be, so that people more effi- alienable rights. The Thirteenth, Four- we, too, need to have that same sort of ciently can find opportunities to reg- teenth and Fifteenth Amendments to spirit that the right to vote guarantees ister to vote all over our land. It has our Constitution, the Voting Rights all other rights, and unless we under- made a difference in registering mil- Act and the Civil Rights Act have en- stand that very fundamentally, that lions of voters and expanding the elec- sured that all Americans can exercise the Constitution is indeed a living and torate so we do, in fact, like most their right to vote. Motor Voter guar- breathing instrument and each of those countries in the world, have universal antees that they will. elements are important, but unless we suffrage so more and more people vote Too many people, especially the exercise our right to vote, we will not and choose our leaders.’’ young and the poor, are sitting on the have people who will implement prop- Mr. Speaker, I thank the gentleman sidelines. They have not registered to erly the Constitution. again for his efforts in bringing us the vote. They are not going to the ballot Again, I want to thank the gen- National Voter Registration Act. box. We must encourage all Americans tleman for the efforts you had in mak- Mr. LEWIS of Georgia. I want to to vote. We all must be involved. For ing the motor voter a reality and thank my friend, the gentleman from people not to register—for people to thank you for allowing us to partici- Ohio [Mr. BROWN], for participating in refuse to participate in the political pate with you on this anniversary. this special order, for all of his good process—is dangerous to the health of Mr. LEWIS of Georgia. Let me just work to increase voter participation, our country. thank the gentlewoman from North long before I came to this body, as the Despite our proud democratic his- Carolina for those comments, those Secretary of State of the great State of tory—despite the obvious success of words, and for participating really in Ohio. I say to the gentleman, ‘‘Thank Motor Voter, certain Members of this this special order tonight. you very much.’’ On January 1 of this body want to repeal Motor Voter. They Mr. Speaker, I yield to the gentleman year, the National Voter Registration want us to take a step back in his- from Ohio [Mr BROWN] Act, known as motor-voter, went into tory—a step away from having a truly Mr. BROWN of Ohio. It is my pleas- effect. This month marks the two year democratic society. We must not let ure to join with the gentlewoman from anniversary of Motor Voter becoming this happen. North Carolina [Mrs. CLAYTON] and the law. Tonight I want to recognize the Why do so many of my colleagues gentleman from Georgia [Ms. MCKIN- important role Motor Voter has played want to repeal Motor Voter? Why do NEY], and also the gentleman from in registering voters and promoting de- they want to make it harder for people Georgia, [Mr. LEWIS], celebrating the mocracy. to vote? What do they fear? That peo- second-year anniversary of one of the The motor-voter law allows citizens ple will vote? That people will get in- things that I think was very positive, to register at motor vehicle bureaus, volved? That we will expand democ- one of those most positive accomplish- welfare offices and other agencies. The racy? ments of this dead in Congress, and goal of the law is to simplify voter reg- This is what Motor Voter does. It that is the National Voter Registra- istration and encourage people to par- makes it easier for all Americans to tions Act, which is the final jewel in ticipate in the political process. After participate in our democratic process. opening up our political system to ev- only 3 months, the results are in. Motor Voter opens up the process—it eryone in this country. Motor Voter is working. makes it easier for people to come in, Unfortunately, there are some people In only 3 months, over 2 million citi- to participate. Registering to vote is as that in this body want to repeal the zens have registered or updated their simple as renewing your driver’s li- National Voter Registration Act, and registration. Motor Voter will add an cense. some Republican Governors around the estimated 20 million voters to the rolls The more people vote—the more peo- country that do not want to implement by the 1996 election. Motor Voter would ple become involved—the more govern- it even though it is the most efficient, be an even greater success if all states ment becomes responsive to the people. most cost-effective way to achieve uni- complied with the law. Each and every citizen has the power versal voter registration in this soci- Unfortunately, some States have not to hold their elected officials account- ety. complied with the Motor Voter law. able. May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H 5565 When people do not vote, they forfeit Mr. LEWIS of Georgia. Well, let me we have seen hundreds and thousands their power—they silence their own just say to my friend and colleague and millions of new registered voters voices. They say ‘‘I do not care.’’ from Georgia, I will never forget some because this Congress had the courage How can so many Members of Con- 30 years ago in the little town of to pass the Voting Rights Act in 1965, gress continue to oppose Motor Voter? Selma, AL, in the heart of the black and Motor Voter is another step down They say it is an unfunded mandate— belt in Dallas County in 1965. Only 2.1 that long road toward opening up the an unfunded mandate. My Colleagues, percent of blacks of voting age were political process and letting all of the if telling states to register voters is an registered to vote. They had to take a people come in. unfunded mandate, it’s a mandate as so-called literacy test. People were Ms. MCKINNEY. You know you said old as the Constitution. afraid. There were black men and something about accountability, and Read article I, section 4 of the Con- women teaching in the local college, the fact that we enlarge the voting stitution. ‘‘The times, places and man- black doctors and lawyers, but they pool also indicates that we would en- ner of holding elections for Senators flunked the so-called literacy test. large the attentive public; that is, the and Representatives shall be prescribed They could only go down to attempt to public that is paying attention to what in each state by the legislature thereof; register on the first and third Mondays we do with the laws that we pass and but Congress may at any time by law of each month. the impact that what we do here has on make or alter such regulations.’’ On the third Monday in January 1965, those peoples’ lives. I cannot help but My Colleagues, our Constitution is it was my day to lead a group of people believe that there is a group of people, not just another unfunded mandate. We down to the Dallas County Courthouse. and I am sure they are a small group of cannot put a price tag on political par- To be exact, it was January 18, and we people, who want to escape account- ticipation. We cannot put a price on de- walked up to the steps of the court- ability for the things that they do, and mocracy. house, and there was a sheriff named therefore they introduced legislation Despite the opposition, despite the Jim Clark. He wore a gun on one side, to repeal Motor Voter, or they try to attempts to make it harder for Ameri- a night stick on the other, and he car- call it an unfunded mandate in an ef- cans to vote, I am heartened by all ried an electric cattle prod in his hand, fort to escape the accountability that that Motor Voter has accomplished in and he did not use it on cows, he used the American people would bring on three short months. We must encour- it on people, and he said to me, ‘‘John them for the kinds of policies that we age people to become involved—to are seeing put into play now. stand up and speak out—to vote. We Lewis, you’re not some agitator. must continue to support Motor Voter. You’re the lowest form of humanity.’’ b 2015 At that time I was almost 25, and I Now, Mr. Speaker, I am delighted to Also, I have to say that it has never had all of my hair. I was a few pounds yield to the gentlewoman from the been so easy, particularly in the South, State of Georgia, the gentlewoman lighter, but I looked him straight in in Georgia, to register people, as it is from the great State of Georgia [Ms. the eye, and I said, ‘‘Sheriff, I may be today, and that is because of motor an agitator, but I’m not an outsider. I MCKINNEY]. voter. We have a simple little form. Ms. MCKINNEY. Congressman LEWIS, grew up 90 miles from here, and we’re I remember in 1992, we had Jesse I just want to commend you for re- going to stay here until these people Jackson come down to the 11th district membering the importance of motor are allowed to register and vote.’’ to do some voter registration for us be- voter to our democracy, and I cannot And he said, ‘‘John, you’re under ar- cause we knew we needed that. We help but think about I have a 9-year- rest,’’ and he arrested me along with found all kinds of voting registration old son, and I buy books. The most re- many other people. barriers. And in one little small town, cent book that I purchased for him was A few days later in a little town near Milledgeville, I know you know a pictorial of the civil rights move- Selma a young black man by the name Milledgeville, GA, we had to stage a ment. It has got all of these wonderful, of Jimmy Lee Jackson was leading the protest march, because for some reason glorious, and infamous pictures about march for the right to vote. He was it was inconvenient for the folks down the dogs, and the water hoses, and Bull shot in the stomach by a state trooper, at the courthouse to register a lot of Connor, and this is a legacy of this and a few days later he died. In the people in the town, who happened to be country. course of what happened to him we said African-American and who happened to This is also a legacy of our quest for that we were marching from Selma to be students in the town. real and true democracy. You were Montgomery to dramatize to the Na- So we have got these impediments there. You saw it. I can only rewalk tion and to the world that people want- that have been removed. And now it is your footsteps. I can only go back and ed the right to participate in the demo- so easy, all people have to do is want to see where you were 30 years ago at Ed- cratic process. And on March 7 we de- be registered and they can register. mund Pettis Bridge and recall in my cided to march in twos, leaving down- And it sure makes it a whole lot easier own new way the contributions of town Selma, walking through the for those of us who want them to be Goodwin, Chaney and Schwerner, and streets of Selma, about 525 of us, elder- registered. Viola Liuzzo, and, when I go to Mont- ly men and women and a few young I think this new move on the part of gomery, I never go there without pass- children. this small group of people is perhaps, ing by the civil rights memorial at We came to the apex of the bridge. well, we know it is wrong-headed and Morris Deze’s Southern Poverty Law We saw a sea of blue. It was the Ala- ill-founded, but it takes us in the Center. bama State troopers. We continued to wrong direction. It takes us backwards, We have some of our colleagues here walk until we came within hearing dis- and we do not need to be going back. who participated in that struggle for tance of the State troopers, and a man We need to be going forward. Our de- American democracy. BOB FILNER is identified himself and said, ‘‘I’m Major mocracy is stronger when the Amer- one who serves in Congress with us now John Cloud of the Alabama State ican people feel that they have an in- who was there with the Freedom Rid- troopers. I give you 3 minutes to dis- vestment in their Government. Right ers fighting for a more perfect democ- perse and go back to your church.’’ now the American people do not feel racy. In less than 11⁄2 minutes he said, that they have an investment, and a I have a question for you. You have a ‘‘Troopers, advance,’’ and they came lot of people sit on the sidelines at story that you tell about the man with toward us, beating us with night sticks election time because it is so darn hard a cattle prod in his hand, and for our and bull whips, trampling us with to go out there and register to vote. viewers tonight I just would like for horses and using tear gas. We, of course, as you know, have the you to retell that story because this is This became known as bloody Sun- purges that go on. a part of our history, and this is a his- day, and because of what happened in Motor voter cures all of that. You tory that we cannot forget; lest we for- Selma, President Johnson came to this can register to vote at midnight in get, we will surely allow those enemies hall, and spoke to a joint session of your home if you want to, and that is of democracy who want to restrict the Congress, and introduced the Voting the beautiful thing about motor voter. American people’s right to vote to Rights Act, and it was passed, and So I just think this move that is wane. So please tell the story. since then I must say, my colleague, afoot is wrong-headed and ill-founded, H 5566 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE May 24, 1995 but there are 170 cosponsors on the re- of African-Americans and other ethnic minori- citizens to register to vote on election day. peal bill, so it is a threat that is immi- ties in this country. Both measures failed to be enacted by both nent. And that is why I am so happy The motor-voter law is already a striking the House and Senate. that the gentleman is alerting the rest success in some states where discriminatory During the 1980's, we celebrated the enact- of us here to the importance of motor and unfair registration laws and procedures ment of several voter registration measures. In voter, and at the same time the Amer- once prevailed. In states like Texas, Florida, 1984, Congress passed the Voting Accessibil- ican viewing public that is interested and GeorgiaÐwhere the history of voting dis- ity for the Elderly and Handicapped Act. The and is looking at C–SPAN right now, to crimination has been most egregiousÐmore Act established national requirements for mak- let them know that motor voter is than 200,000 previously unregistered voters ing polling places more accessible to the el- good and motor voter is not safe. have gained new opportunities to register to derly and the handicapped, and provided Mr. LEWIS of Georgia. Let me agree vote, at motor vehicle departments, public as- greater access to absentee ballots for these with you that motor voter is good, and sistance offices, mental health and disability individuals. The Uniform and Overseas Citi- it is necessary to open up the political agencies, and by mail. zens Absentee Voting Act required States to process. As you well know, in our own Instead of mouthing platitudes about democ- permit absentee uniformed service personnel State hundreds and thousands of people racy, we in this body ought to feel more com- and overseas voters to use absentee registra- have been registered during the past 3 pelled to make democracy a reality. But the tion procedures, and to vote by absentee bal- months. I think in Georgia more than truth is, until every American citizen has one- lot in federal elections. hundred percent, undeniable access to the 3,000 people every single day are being Mr. Speaker, the goal of the National Voter registered because of motor voter. ballot box, Democracy will be little more than an illusion. Democracy, it is said, is a ``col- Registration Act is to simplify voter registra- Ms. MCKINNEY. And we do not even tion, thereby encouraging citizens to partici- have all of the counties on line yet. lectivity'' of individuals. But there can be no democracy when millions of Americans remain pate in the election process. In addition to Just imagine what it would be like if making it easier for individuals to register to we had all of the counties, 159 counties shut out of the Democratic process. Mr. Speaker, making voting more accessible vote, the Act also provides more than ade- in Georgia, on line for motor voter. to the public is not a partisan issue. In fact, quate measures to prevent voter fraud by When that happens, Georgia will not be Mr. GINGRICH himself has said that ``it is sim- making violations of the Act a federal offense. last anymore. I am so sick and tired of ply good public policy.'' Further, the cost that states bear to implement Georgia being last in most things. Voting is the linchpin of American Democ- the motor-voter law has proven to be minimal. Georgia can become first, and it will racy. Registering to vote should be as conven- As we celebrate the success of the motor- also be first in democracy. ient as applying for a library card, or filling out voter law, we must ensure that this important Mr. LEWIS of Georgia. Let me just a tax return. The costs of the motor-voter law Act is not repealed. We must also ensure that thank my colleague, the gentlewoman are minimal, especially when considering the all states are in compliance with the motor- from the State of Georgia, CYNTHIA payoff in increased citizen participation. voter law. In the United States, 80 percent of MCKINNEY, for participating in this Even my own home state of Michigan is our nation's youth, those 18 or 19 years of special order tonight. I appreciate your now resisting this great effort to eliminate the age, apply for driver's licenses. Yet, fewer help and all of your support. I think we final barriers to full enfranchisement, and of than 40 percent of this age population is reg- have a moral obligation, a mandate, this I am ashamed. Mr. Speaker, it is a na- istered to vote. We have a responsibility to and a mission as Members of this body tional disgrace if America is permitted to return make certain that all Americans are partici- to do what we can to increase the polit- to its darkest period, when millions of citizens pants in the electoral process. The motor-voter ical participation of all of our citizens. were systematically denied equal access to law represents an important step in achieving Open the process up, let everybody the franchise, and ultimately their power to this objective. come in. govern. It is a disgrace that this country simply Mr. Speaker, I am proud to join Congress- Ms. MCKINNEY. The gentleman knows cannot afford. man LEWIS for this special order. He has that I have long admired his work and Mr. STOKES. Mr. Speaker, I want to thank played a major role in securing and protecting his advocacy on behalf of the American my distinguished colleague, the gentleman the voting rights of minority citizens and oth- people and the American democracy. from Georgia [Mr. LEWIS], for reserving this ers. I applaud his leadership, and I offer my Just a word about the nature of this Special Order. I am pleased to join him for a full support of his efforts. discourse tonight: This is not about discussion of the motor-voter law. The Na- f Democrat or Republican. This is about tional Voter Registration Act was signed into the American people and enhancing law by President Clinton on May 20, 1993. IN REMEMBRANCE OF APHIS and fine-tuning our democracy. We do The law requires motor vehicle bureaus, wel- EMPLOYEES have, we are blessed in this country to fare offices and other public agencies to offer have the most perfect democracy on voter registration services. Today, we gather The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under the face of the Earth. Yet it can still be to mark the two year anniversary of this suc- the Speaker’s announced policy of May a whole lot better. Motor voter is but cessful legislative initiative. 12, 1995, the gentleman from Texas [Mr. one tool to get us there, and I appre- The motor-voter law took effect on January DE LA GARZA] is recognized for 60 min- ciate the gentleman and his strong 1, 1995. It is noted that during the months of utes as the designee of the minority leadership and advocacy. You know January and February alone, more than leader. you have my support every step of the 630,000 citizens across the country registered Mr. DE LA GARZA. Mr. Speaker, we way. to vote. Analysts predict that next year, as stand here today in memory of the Mr. LEWIS of Georgia. Thank you many as 20 million Americans will be added to seven employees of the Animal and very much for those kind words and for the ranks of the voting population. Not since Plant Health Inspection Service of the participating in this special order to- the Voting Rights Act of 1965, which removed U.S. Department of Agriculture, those night. obstacles that had kept many African-Ameri- that were tragically murdered in the Miss COLLINS of Michigan. Mr. Speaker, cans from the voting booth, have so many bomb blast at the A.P. Murrah Federal the absolute need for the motor-voter law is new voters registered to vote. Building in Oklahoma City on April 19, clear. Without it, millions of American voters Mr. Speaker, the road to passage of na- 1995. The explosion murdered scores of will continue to be denied equal access to the tional voter registration laws has not been an innocent children and adults, injured franchise by a bureaucratic opposition that easy one. Many in this Chamber will recall hundreds, shattered innumerable lives, simply does not make sense. Without it, mil- that efforts to establish a national voter reg- and shook the soul of the Nation. We lions of Americans will remain voteless, and istration system followed closely on the heels remember them all. voteless people are powerless people. of the passage of the Voting Rights Act of But today we mention the 15 employ- Like the Voting Rights Act, a thirty-year old 1965. During the 1970's, a substantial effort ees stationed in the building at the success story itself, this new law has clearly was made to implement a national voter ``post- time of the explosion. By stroke of begun to eclipse the barriers and the lingering card'' or mail registration system. Efforts also providence, five of the employees were legacy of voting booth exclusion that have had focused on the passage of a national voter not in the building at the time. Three a ``chilling'' effect on the political participation registration standard that would have allowed of the employees left the building May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H 5567 alive. The remaining seven were killed the national spotlight, in places as remote as my district, a number of these good in the explosion. Khartoum and Karachi, federal workers on folks were my constituents. Mr. Speaker, I personally feel some the front lines have paid the ultimate sac- With that, I would like to thank my kinship with these APHIS employees. rifice in service of their country. Women and colleagues for organizing this special My father in his late years worked for men on the federal payroll in those locations order this evening. bear the title of Foreign Service officer, or APHIS. He was a proud, dedicated, AID worker, or U.S. Embassy staff. But they Mr. DE LA GARZA. Mr. Speaker, I loyal employee, as were these who pursue the same basic mission that employ- yield to my distinguished colleague, worked in that building and the seven ees of the Department of Housing and Urban the chairman of the Committee on Ag- that we lost. Development, Social Security, the Food and riculture, Mr. ROBERTS. Today the Department of Agriculture Drug and the General Services administra- Mr. ROBERTS. Mr. Speaker, I thank held a day of remembrance to honor tions and other federal agencies in Oklahoma the gentleman for yielding. the victims and survivors, continuing City are also about: They are trying to make Mr. Speaker, I rise today to, as has the tradition of planting trees to honor their government work. And most work long been said, honor the memory of the and hard to make that happen. men and women and children who lost those we have lost. These employees So the next time you feel yourself about to were dedicated workers who have left a deliver categorical thoughts about federal their lives in the Oklahoma City bomb- legacy of service to all citizens. They workers not having to work for a bottom ing. Among killed, as has been said, have one thing in common: They died line and getting caught up in process rather were the seven employees of the De- serving their country. than results and all the other easy words of partment of Agriculture agency called As APHIS employees, these men and generalized contempt that serve to under- the Animal and Plant Health Inspec- women were on the front lines working mine respect for the work these famously tion Service. It is commonly known by in the heartland of America to improve ‘‘faceless’’ workers actually perform, con- its acronym as APHIS. As chairman of sider the possibility that they are good peo- the House Committee on Agriculture, agriculture productivity and to protect ple who not only work hard but also are com- our public health. These employees mitted to the work they perform in our be- along with the committee’s distin- were beloved by families and friends half. That is why so many of them were guished ranking member, Mr. DE LA and cannot be replaced. I know all of us where they were when evil visited them GARZA and the gentleman from Okla- here today and people throughout the Wednesday morning in Oklahoma City. It’s homa, Mr. LUCAS, and other members country and the world embrace their worth remembering. of the committee and Members of the families and friends in their sorrow and Mr. Speaker, what brought us closer Oklahoma delegation, we gather here join me in paying tribute to them. was that these are good people, who this evening to pay a special tribute to I hope that somehow the American not only work hard, but also are com- these seven employees and the families people might learn and grow closer mitted to the work they perform in our and friends that they leave behind. from this tragic incident. What we behalf. That is why so many of them Mr. Speaker, the decision to take must learn is that the agenda of a worked where they work when evil vis- this special order came from many small minority of anti-government ter- ited them that Wednesday morning in members of the House Committee on rorists is based on extremism and ha- Oklahoma City. Agriculture who wanted to pay their tred and has no place in America. We It is worth remembering. I hope in respects. As chairman of the commit- must also learn respect for our Federal tribute to them, all of us, the Nation, tee, I wish to pay, however, a special workers who are trying hard every day have respect, the proper admiration for tribute to a long-time employee of the to make this government work. those. I know it is very easy to say bu- Department of Agriculture, Mr. Carl On April 22, the Washington Post reaucrat or say Federal employee Barnes, who was the Personnel Direc- printed an editorial entitled ‘‘Federal sometimes in a negative, derogatory tor for the department under Secretary Employees.’’ I will include that for the way. But, Mr. Speaker, these seven of Agriculture Mr. Orville Freeman. RECORD, Mr. Speaker. died serving their country and serving Mr. Barnes served under several Presi- FEDERAL EMPLOYEES us. dents and continues to be an example Some of them are still buried in the rubble. I yield to my distinguished colleague and champion of public service. He also Some are hospitalized, perhaps broken in from Oklahoma who represents that just happens to be a good neighbor and body, if not in spirit, for the rest of their district. brought to my attention the article by lives. Others will be memorialized by the na- Mr. LUCAS. Mr. Speaker, on Wednes- Steve Twomey in the Washington Post tion tomorrow. They are part of the group of day morning, April 19, at 2 minutes entitled ‘‘They walk, they talk, and an estimated 550 women and men who earned after 9 o’clock, America’s heartland they bleed.’’ Mr. Twomey wrote his col- their living in that federal building in Okla- lost its innocence. The bombing of the umn following the tragedy in Okla- homa City. They are federal workers. The next time you are tempted to go off on Alfred P. Murrah Building in downtown homa City, and I think it is fitting and the federal work force, as if those employed Oklahoma City was a cowardly act of appropriate that this article be inside federal office buildings constitute tragic proportions, with no justifica- brought to the attention of our col- nothing more than a financial threat to the tion. I, like you and the Nation as a leagues and to everyone concerned, as Republic, think of that gutted facility in whole, will never forget the scene or it has been all too easy when people are Oklahoma City. But don’t stop there. the devastation, the death, the suffer- unhappy with the way that our govern- Suspects in this country’s worst bombing ing, and, most of all, the innocence of ment works, or does not work, that we in 70 years are now in custody. Credit a swiftly launched, massive round-the-clock the victims. point a finger of blame at the hard investigation conducted by thousands of law- I cannot begin to express the heart- working men and women who makeup enforcement agents and officers around the break and sense of helplessness one our Federal work force. country—yet more federal government work- feels when faced with such a gruesome Excerpts from his article include, ers of that nameless, faceless, much-de- scene. As each day has passed since ‘‘To get there, you march down a long, nounced variety. When you are tempted to this crime, the spirit, courage, re- gloomy, marble corridor, devoid of indulge in easy, all-purpose, indiscriminate sourcefulness that exemplifies our human touches. Doors slip by at an rhetoric about slow, cumbersome and com- great Nation has been displayed. Our exact spacing and interval. Nothing placent federal bureaucrats caught up in an distinguishes one office from the next, entitlement mentality, think of the men and outrage, while still in mind, has been women in law-enforcement agencies such as superseded by charity, kindness, prayer except small signs identifying the oc- the FBI, Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms and and healing. cupants and their titles. Yes, this fits. Secret Service who dropped everything to be This evening, I join with heavy heart Cold is how the bureaucracy is sup- part of the manhunt. They, too, like their the distinguished chairman of the Com- posed to look. It is tempting to imag- colleagues who were at work in the dev- mittee on Agriculture, Mr. ROBERTS, ine Federal gnomes in here dreaming astated Oklahoma City building, are federal and the equally distinguished ranking up costly regulations, wasting forms in workers. member of the committee, Mr. DE LA triplicate, and funding cost-plus con- The Oklahoma City bombing, as tragic as it is, is not the first time federal employees GARZA, to memorialize the employees tracts with your money, because that have found themselves putting so much on of the Animal and Plant Health Inspec- is what you imagine the Federal work- the line by mere reason of their association tion Service who lost their lives in this ers do. Your escort, and yes, while se- with the U.S. government. Far away from bombing. While the building resided in curity is tight, walks you to room 312– H 5568 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE May 24, 1995 E, which is to say the third floor east day from what APHIS does, every time Jim was born in Quitman, Mis- of the administration building, the he ate. ‘‘He was probably degrading the sissippi. He attended Lake High School United States Department of Agri- government with his mouth full,’’ King in Lake, MS and graduated in 1964. He culture. It is an older but attractive says, ‘‘and dumb enough not to under- entered the U.S. Army in 1964 and building along the Mall that exudes stand.’’ served as the noncommissioned officer- government formality right down to Yes, Linnie King is angry. in-charge of the 793rd military police the flower beds on Jefferson Drive. ‘‘I’m not blaming anybody,’’ King battalion, a small M.P. detachment, in What a sign hanging outside 312E: says, ‘‘but I hope people will stop and Bayreuth, West Germany. Upon leaving Administrator, Animal and Plant think and ask themselves about what’s the U.S. Army in 1968, Jim managed an Health Inspection Service. You think it being said.’’ oil station and served as accounting even sounds make-work. ‘‘60 Minutes’’ He leaves you with this. clerk for State Beverage Company, would love this office, which, natu- Monday morning, with seven of their both in Jackson, MS. colleagues still buried in the rubble, rally, has a government acronym, In 1970, Jim joined APHIS where he two of three APHIS workers who sur- APHIS, pronounced A-fus. worked for the next 25 years. During vived went back to work in temporary You enter, and from an inner room his tenure with APHIS, he made many emerges not a bureaucrat, not a GS- offices. Mr. Speaker, today special cere- friends throughout the Department and level, not an anonymous cog in the fed- lived in Mississippi, Florida, Maryland, eral machine, but a human, who has a monies were held by the Department in behalf of the service deceased employ- and finally, Oklahoma. Jim met his name and, at the moment, feelings so wife Jennifer through APHIS. overwhelming you hesitate to ask ees. In keeping with these ceremonies, As administrative officer for APHIS’ about them. it is our privilege to honor each indi- Lonnie King, in dark suit and white vidual with a brief tribute. Veterinary Services office in Oklahoma shirt, a man of average build with Olen Bloomer is survived by his adult City, Jim helped develop new and bet- graying hair but a youthful and pleas- daughters, Maureen Bloomer and ter ways of conducting the various ad- ant face, has served APHIS for 17 of his Lucretia Bjorklund; his son, Lee ministrative functions Government 51 years, rising to acting adminis- Switzer; four grandchildren, Amelia, agencies must carry out. His progres- trator. Heather, Jeff, and Sara; and one great sive ideas paved the way for innovative ‘‘Here’s a ribbon,’’ he says, ‘‘from granddaughter, Dillon Ann. His mem- resource—and responsibility—sharing Oklahoma City.’’ ory will be cherished by seven sib- with sister branches that saved the He tosses a purple one on the table in lings—Ester Willis, Elwanda McComas, Government both time and money. front of you. He carried it home Sun- Merle Easter, Erdene Jones, Doyle Above and beyond his on-the-job du- day, after the memorial service. Does Blommer, Dean Bloomer, and Dennis ties, he will be remembered for encour- the public know what APHIS does? Blommer. He was preceded in death by aging, guiding and helping develop his What the seven did? his wife of 26 years, Norma Jean, who coworkers’ career goals. But his fore- ‘‘No,’’ King says. ‘‘No.’’ passed away in 1990. most concern was the well-being of his The 6,500 people who work for him Olen was born in Elk City, Okla- colleagues as people. He was careful to can be found in every state and even homa, in 1933, and spent his youth recognize fellow employees for their overseas. The federal budget says they working on his father’s cotton farm accomplishments and service to the ‘‘protect the animal and plant re- near the Beckham-Washita county community and agency. We all will sources of the nation from destructive line. A few years after graduating from miss his smile, sense of humor, and pests and diseases.’’ They help farmers, Highway High School, Olen joined the dedication. monitor imports, do research. What U.S. Air Force, where he served in a Mr. DE LA GARZA. Mr. Speaker, Mar- that means for you is better, more number of locations, including Thai- garet Louis Clark was known by her abundant and cheaper food on the land. His work in the Air Force focused many friends and colleagues as Peggy. table, be it at home or in a restaurant. on purchasing and inventory manage- She is survived by her loving husband, Before that Wednesday, King certainly ment. He retired in 1974 after 20 years David Spencer, three daughters, knew that the reputation of The Fed- of service. Rosslyn 16, Margaret Blayne 13, and Olen went back to work for the Fed- eral Employee wasn’t what it used to Chelsea 6, her mother Mary Spurlin, eral government in 1977, this time for be. and sister, Susan Winchester. Peggy APHIS. Olen began this second career ‘‘We’re not immune to the press and was 42. the TV,’’ he says. Comedians, journal- at the screwworm rearing lab in Mis- A native of Chichasha, OK, Peggy at- ists and talk-show hosts have made sion, Texas. He was subsequently reas- tended Star Spencer High School in mincemeat of the type, calling them signed to Salt Lake City, Utah, where Oklahoma City. Her academic achieve- wasteful, incompetent, dangerous. King he worked for 5 years as an administra- ments were all made at Oklahoma took the contempt personally, because tive assistant. He was serving as the State University, where she earned a it clashed with his view, which was budget assistant for Oklahoma at the bachelor of science degree in agri- that he was surrounded by people who time of his death. culture in 1976, and a doctorate of vet- cared, who showed up every day, not Olen labored to keep the agency’s erinary medicine degree in 1978. After for the paycheck, not to waste, but to budget trim and in order and was ad- completing her studies, Peggy began serve. mired by the staff he supported for his ‘‘Who thinks of us in those terms?’’ ability to stay cool under pressure and veterinary private practice placing spe- he says, ‘‘Is it that bad, that we’re so cut through the bureaucratic red tape cial emphasis on the equine industry. hated? Could it happen here? Am I when emergencies struck. He was al- In 1981, Peggy worked for the Okla- safe?’’ ways willing to help and volunteered homa Department of Agriculture as a In a way, the bombing also was an at- ably at troubleshooting computer prob- staff veterinarian and coordinated Fed- tack on this region, the capital region, lems. His grandchildren called him eral/State disease control programs. In on the 360,004 civilians here who do ‘‘Big Dad,’’ not only out of deference to 1985, she moved over to the State of Uncle Sam’s tasks. We often forget his 6-foot, 6-inch stature, but to distin- Oklahoma’s Horse Racing Commission. that they got those tasks from us, guish him from their fathers. He was a As the official veterinarian, she per- through Congress. It is we who have true gentle giant and will be sorely formed pre- and post-race examina- told them to provide clean air and missed by many. tions. Peggy joined APHIS in 1994 as water, stop the flow of drugs, help Mr. DE LA GARZA. Mr. Speaker, I part of a Federal training program farmers, process Social Security yield to my distinguished colleague the called the Public Veterinary Practice checks, promote trade, protect workers gentleman from Oklahoma. Career Program. Her assignment to the and much more. Mr. LUCAS. Jim Boles is survived by Oklahoma City office as a Veterinary Do they perform flawlessly? Of his loving wife of 12 years, Jennifer, his medical officer was part of that devel- course not. Who does? 8-year-old son, James Michael, and opmental training. The irony of the bombing, King says, adult son, Stephen, and his family in Outside of the office, Peggy was very is that the perpetrator benefited every Mississippi. involved in the lives of her children May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H 5569 and was active in horse shows, live- Mr. LUCAS. Known by her many ad- other countries. Her eye for detail and stock shows, and soccer. She was an ac- miring friends and relatives as Adele, ability to catch even minute errors tive and popular member of the Okla- Doris Adele Higgenbottom is survived were among the reasons she was a valu- homa Veterinary Medical Association, by her loving husband, David; his chil- able contributor to the staff. and helped run her family’s horse dren, Kelly and Van; her mother, Carole also took care of many rou- breeding operation. Peggy was ap- Melanie; and the Maddox family. She tine personnel functions, such as time pointed by the Governor to serve a 6- was 44. and attendance reports, training nomi- year term on the Oklahoma State Adele was born in Pecos, TX, and nations, personnel reports and benefit Board of Veterinary Medical Examin- graduated from Pecos High School in actions. She was an able and dedicated ers, where she served as secretary. Al- 1968. Several years later, Adele re- employee whose contributions were ap- though she was the newest member of sumed her studies at the University of preciated by everyone with whom she the Veterinary Service staff in Okla- Oklahoma in Norman, OK, where she worked. homa City, Peggy’s outgoing personal- earned a bachelor of arts degree in b 2045 ity, willingness to help, and profes- English in 1982. sional competence made her a most Adele began her Federal career with I yield to my chairman, the gen- welcome addition. APHIS as a clerk/typist in Oklahoma tleman from Kansas [Mr. ROBERTS]. Mr. Speaker, I yield to the distin- City in 1978. A few years later, she Mr. ROBERTS. Mr. Speaker, Rheta guished chairman of the committee. transferred to the Federal Aviation Ad- Long is survived by a large and loving Mr. ROBERTS. Richard Leroy ministration where she served as a pur- family, including her daughter, Valerie Cummins’ memory will be cherished by chasing agent. In 1980, she resigned Tramel; son, John; sisters, Wilda York a large and loving family, including his from the FAA and went to San Anto- and Leona Thompson; and grandsons, wife of 30 years, Frances; his daugh- nio, TX, to spend a few months with Kenneth and Christopher Tramel, and ters, Courtney and Nikki; his son, her family. While there, she worked as Nicholas Long. Rheta was preceded in Kraig; grandsons Chayse and Austin; an advertising salesperson for the San death by her husband of 11 years, his mother, Christine; his two brothers, Antonio Express and News. She re- Thomas; her brothers Earl and Andrew Wall, of Tucson, AZ, and Frank of joined APHIS in Oklahoma City in late Dean Bender; father, Andrew Bender; Ruidosa, NM; and many friends and co- 1980 as she mastered the often com- and grandson, John Thomas. Rheta was workers. plicating purchasing regulations. 60. Dick was born in Douglas, AZ, in Adele was popular in the Oklahoma Rheta was born in Guymon, OK. She 1940. He spent his youth in and around City office, as much for her positive attended Guymon High School and Douglas and graduated from Douglas outlook as her animated personality. graduated in 1952. Afterwards, she at- High School in 1957. He then attended Adele served as manager of the Federal tended Panhandle State College and Arizona State University in Tempe, Women’s Program and was an ardent Phillips University to study education. AZ, where he pursued studies in busi- supporter of equality and women’s She earned a bachelor of science degree ness administration. rights. Adele and her husband, David, in education in 1955. Dick’s notable career as a public met in 1989 through David’s work with Rheta was married in the summer of servant began with the U.S. Air Force the State Department of Agriculture. 1955 and dedicated herself to her family in 1959, where he worked in aircraft Adele was heard to say she was happy and church. She was an active volun- maintenance in Colorado and Okla- to be married to someone with whom teer with the Boy Scouts and Girl homa for 4 years. Upon leaving the Air she could share so much of her profes- Scouts of America. In 1968, Rheta Force, he worked for the Southern Pa- sional life and who cared about the began teaching mathematics in cific Railroad for 2 years. same people and issues she did. David Guymon and found the experience re- In 1965, Dick joined the U.S. Depart- and Adele considered themselves a warding. She said it was a pleasure to ment of Agriculture, where his profes- happy and compatible team whose per- show children that school and learning sional contributions were welcomed for sonalities and interests complemented could be fun. 30 years. He first worked with the Agri- each other well. Rheta began her 20-year Federal ca- cultural Research Service on the Mr. DE LA GARZA. Carole Sue Khalil reer in 1974 as a military personnel screwworm eradication program in is survived by her daughter, Heather, clerk with the U.S. Army. In 1978, Douglas, AZ. In 1980, he moved to and many loving relatives and friends. Rheta transferred to the U.S. Fish and Henryetta, OK, and become Animal She was 50. Wildlife Service in Guymon, OK, to Health Technician. A short time later Carole was born in Shattuck, OK, and take a clerical position. Rheta came to he moved to Durant, OK, where he attended Laverne High School in La- APHIS in Oklahoma City in October served in the same capacity. Dick was verne, OK. She graduated in 1962. Fol- 1982, where she served as a program promoted to investigator in 1987 and lowing graduation, she attended the clerk. She handled workers’ compensa- reassigned to Oklahoma City to work Draughons School of Business in Okla- tion claims, and was the final author- with the Regulatory Enforcement and homa City for 1 year where she com- ity on payment eligibility for indem- Animal Care staff. In this position, pleted an executive secretarial course. nity claims. She was very active in the Dick was responsible for ensuring that Already she had big plans to serve her Federal Employees Women’s Group and animal breeders, dealers, and exhibi- country and the civic good as a public Equal Employment Opportunities Com- tors comply with the standards of hu- servant. mittees. Rheta had a vision disability mane care and treatment prescribed in Carole began a lifelong commitment and she served as the Persons with Dis- the Animal Welfare Act. Dick moved to the U.S. Government in 1964 when abilities Special Emphasis Program again to Mustang, OK, where he con- she took the first of several temporary Manager as a means of helping educate tinued to work as an investigator positions in the clerical field with the people about the challenges of working working out of his home. He was a sen- Internal Revenue Service in Oklahoma with a physical handicap. ior investigator at the time of his City. Her career with the U.S. Depart- Rheta was active with the Christian death. ment of Agriculture began with the Ag- Women’s Foundation and looked for- Dick received well-deserved recogni- riculture Research Service’s Animal ward to the Jewel Box Theater’s sea- tion in 1990 for his work on the Mid- Health Division in 1967. In this posi- sonal plays. A devoted grandmother, west Stolen Dog Task Force. His dili- tion, which was based in Oklahoma Rheta was very proud of her grand- gence helped curb the theft of pets for City, Carole provided clerical support children and kept snapshots of them at sale to research institutions. Dick was to a variety of animal disease eradi- her desk. Her dedication, cheerful atti- a devoted family man, animal lover cation programs. tude, and many contributions to the ef- and advocated human treatment of all Carole was promoted to export docu- fectiveness of the office helped many of living things. ment examiner in 1992. In this position, her coworkers in their time of need. Mr. DE LA GARZA. Mr. Speaker, I she provided critical review of docu- She will be greatly missed by all. yield to the gentleman from Oklahoma ments used to clarify the health of all Mr. Speaker, the members of the [Mr. LUCAS]. animals exported from Oklahoma to Committee on Agriculture, the chair of H 5570 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE May 24, 1995 the Committee on Agriculture, the dis- Ms. KAPTUR, for 5 minutes, today. found truly enrolled a bill of the House tinguished chairman emeritus of the Mr. OWENS, for 5 minutes, today. of the following title, which was there- Committee on Agriculture, and the Mr. DOGGETT, for 5 minutes, today. upon signed by the Speaker: gentleman from Oklahoma, [Mr. Mr. GENE GREEN of Texas, for 5 min- H.R. 1421. An Act to provide that ref- LUCAS], share in the sense of personal utes, today. erences in the statutes of the United States loss and share in the sense of personal (The following Members (at the re- to any committee or officer of the House of pride regarding the contribution of quest of Mr. EHRLICH) to revise and ex- Representatives the name or jurisdiction of these employees. Perhaps an appro- tend their remarks and include extra- which was changed as part of the reorganiza- neous material:) tion of the House of Representatives at the priate closing is this from Helen beginning of the One Hundred Fourth Con- Steiner Rice. Mr. BURTON of Indiana, for 5 minutes, gress shall be treated as referring to the cur- When I must leave you for a little while, today and on May 25. rently applicable committee or officer of the Please go on bravely with a gallant smile Mr. EHLERS, for 5 minutes, today and House of Representatives. And for my sake and in my name, on May 25. f Live on and do all things the same— Mr. BRYANT of Tennessee, for 5 min- Spend not your life in empty days, utes, today. BILL PRESENTED TO THE But fill each waking hour in useful ways— Mr. BILBRAY, for 5 minutes, today. PRESIDENT Reach out your hand in comfort and cheer, Mr. SMITH of Michigan, for 5 minutes, Mr. THOMAS, from the Committee And I in turn will comfort you and hold you today. near. on House Administration, reported Mr. KINGSTON, for 5 minutes, today. Mr. Speaker, I thank the distin- that that committee did on this day Mr. FOX of Pennsylvania, for 5 min- present to the President, for his ap- guished gentleman from Texas for tak- utes, today. ing this special time. proval, a bill of the House of the fol- Mr. DE LA GARZA. I thank my distin- f lowing title: guished colleague. EXTENSION OF REMARKS H.R. 1421. An act to provide that references Mr. Speaker, if I might add a per- in the statutes of the United States to any sonal note, we notice that Mr. Bloomer By unanimous consent, permission to committee or officer of the House of Rep- served at the screwworm eradication revise and extend remarks was granted resentatives the name or jurisdiction of plant in Mission, TX, the years when to: which was changed as part of the reorganiza- (The following Members (at the re- tion of the House of Representatives at the my father worked there, so I feel cer- beginning of the One Hundred Fourth Con- tain that they knew each other in quest of Ms. LOFGREN) and to include extraneous matter:) gress shall be treated as referring to the cur- those days and they have already found rently applicable committee or officer of the each other up there and they are talk- Mr. FOGLIETTA. House of Representatives. Mr. STARK. ing about the good old days at the f plant in Mission. Mr. STOKES. Mr. Speaker, I thank my two col- Mr. VISCLOSKY. ADJOURNMENT Mr. SCHUMER. leagues. The seven that we lost not Mr. DE LA GARZA. Mr. Speaker, I Mr. MENENDEZ. only belonged to APHIS, to USDA, move that the House do now adjourn. Mr. MORAN. they belonged to our Nation and they The motion was agreed to; accord- Mr. BARRETT of Wisconsin. belong now to all of us. May they rest ingly (at 8 o’clock and 51 minutes Mr. MINETA. in peace. p.m.), the House adjourned until Thurs- Mr. HOYER in two instances. f day, May 25, 1995, at 10 a.m. Mr. RICHARDSON in four instances. GENERAL LEAVE Mr. FORD. f Mr. ENGEL. Mr. DE LA GARZA. Mr. Speaker, I ask EXECUTIVE COMMUNICATIONS, unanimous consent that all Members Mrs. KENNELLY. ETC. Mr. CLAY. may have 5 legislative days within Under clause 2 of rule XXIV, execu- Mr. RUSH. which to revise and extend their re- tive communications were taken from Mr. TUCKER. marks on the subject of my special the Speaker’s table and referred as fol- Mr. BONIOR in two instances. order this evening. (The following Members (at the re- lows: The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. 909. A letter from the Under Secretary, De- quest of Mr. EHRLICH) and to include NETHERCUTT). Is there objection to the partment of Defense, transmitting the de- request of the gentleman from Texas? extraneous matter:) fense environmental quality program annual There was no objection. Mr. DAVIS. report to Congress for fiscal year 1994, pursu- Mr. RIGGS. f ant to 10 U.S.C. 2706(b)(1); to the Committee Mr. PACKARD. on National Security. LEAVE OF ABSENCE Mr. FORBES in two instances. 910. A communication the President of the Mr. SMITH of Washington. United States, transmitting his follow-up re- By unanimous consent, leave of ab- port on the deployment of United States sence was granted to: Mrs. ROUKEMA. Mr. LEWIS of California. combat-equipped aircraft to support NATO’s Mr. HANSEN (at the request of Mr. enforcement of the no-fly zone in Bosnia and Mr. LIGHTFOOT. ARMEY), for today and the balance of Herzegovina (H. Doc. No. 104–79); to the Com- the week, on account of official busi- Mr. TAYLOR of North Carolina. mittee on International Relations and or- ness relating to base closings. Mr. SOLOMON. dered to be printed. Mr. CHAMBLISS. Mr. MCNULTY (at the request of Mr. f GEPHARDT), for today after 2 p.m., on Mr. TALENT. account of personal business. Mr. SHADEGG. PUBLIC BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS Mr. KLECZKA (at the request of Mr. Mr. MCCOLLUM. Under clause 5 of rule X and clause 4 GEPHARDT), for the week of May 22, on (The following Members (at the re- of rule XXII, public bills and resolu- account of medical reasons. quest of Mr. DE LA GARZA) and to in- tions were introduced and severally re- f clude extraneous matter:) ferred as follows: Mr. GILMAN. By Mr. LEVIN (for himself and Mr. SPECIAL ORDERS GRANTED Mr. SHAW. HOUGHTON): By unanimous consent, permission to Mr. WELLER. H.R. 1690. A bill to amend the Internal Rev- address the House, following the legis- Mr. BARCIA. enue Code of 1986 to simplify certain rules re- lative program and any special orders f lating to the taxation of U.S. business oper- ating abroad, and for other purposes; to the heretofore entered, was granted to: ENROLLED BILLS SIGNED Committee on Ways and Means. (The following Members (at the re- By Mr. LAZIO of New York: quest of Ms. LOFGREN) to revise and ex- Mr. THOMAS, from the Committee H.R. 1691. A bill to provide for innovative tend their remarks and include extra- on House Administration, reported approaches for homeownership opportunity neous material:) that that committee had examined and and provide for the temporary extension of May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H 5571

the rural rental housing program, and for H.R. 1701. A bill to cancel the space station H.R. 65: Mr. HINCHEY. other purposes; to the Committee on Bank- project; to the Committee on Science. H.R. 103: Mr. ENGEL and Mrs. MORELLA. ing and Financial Services. By Mr. SERRANO: H.R. 104: Mr. SOUDER. By Mr. CLINGER: H.R. 1702. A bill to protect the constitu- H.R. 109: Mr. PETERSON of Minnesota and H.R. 1692. A bill to amend the Federal Elec- tional right to travel to foreign countries; to Mr. POMBO. tion Campaign Act of 1971 to increase the the Committee on International Relations. H.R. 127: Mr. KILDEE, Mr. STUPAK, Mr. limitation amount applicable to contribu- H.R. 1703. A bill to allow for news bureau GONZALES, Mr. BARCIA of Michigan, Mr. DUR- tions to candidates in Federal elections by exchanges between the United States and BIN, and Mr. SABO. individuals and to decrease the limitation Cuba; to the Committee on International Re- H.R. 303: Mr. CALLAHAN. amount applicable to contributions to such lations. H.R. 390: Mr. LAUGHLIN. candidates by nonparty multicandidate po- H.R. 1704. A bill to reinstate the authoriza- H.R. 467: Mr. EVANS and Mr. SOLOMON. litical committees; to the Committee on tion of cash remittances to family members H.R. 468: Mr. PETERSON of Florida, Mr. House Oversight. in Cuba under the Cuban Assets Control Reg- HEFNER, and Mr. RIGGS. H.R. 1693. A bill to amend the Federal Elec- ulations; to the Committee on International H.R. 488: Mr. LUTHER. tion Campaign Act of 1971 to prohibit con- Relations. H.R. 500: Mr. MCCRERY. gressional leadership committees; to the By Mrs. SMITH of Washington (for her- H.R. 540: Mr. BARTON of Texas, Mr. NADLER, Committee on House Oversight. self and Mr. TATE): Mr. TORRES, and Mr. BONIOR. H.R. 1694. A bill to amend the Federal Elec- H.R. 1705. A bill to amend the Stewart B. H.R. 625: Mr. YOUNG of Florida and Ms. tion Campaign Act of 1971 to provide for a McKinney Homeless Assistance Act to re- LOFGREN. voluntary limitation on contributions from quire public notice and local hearings before H.R. 733: Mr. BARR and Mr. FRANK of Mas- other than individual district residents in property is made available under that act for sachusetts. House of Representatives elections; to the use to assist the homeless, and for other pur- H.R. 734: Mr. FRANK of Massachusetts. Committee on House Oversight. poses; to the Committee on Banking and Fi- H.R. 747: Mr. ENGLISH of Pennsylvania and H.R. 1695. A bill to amend the Internal Rev- nancial Services. Mr. NEAL of Massachusetts. enue Code of 1986 to provide for an income By Mr. SOLOMON: H.R. 755: Mr. BROWN of Ohio. H.R. 1706. A bill to amend the Public tax credit for in-State contributions to con- H.R. 784: Mr. SHADEGG, Mr. SAM JOHNSON of Health Service Act to establish Federal gressional candidates; to the Committee on Texas and Mr. BONO. standards to ensure quality assurance of Ways and Means. H.R. 789: Mr. HASTERT. drug testing programs for private employers, By Mr. COOLEY: H.R. 801: Mr. DOYLE, Mr. RUSH, Mr. FOX, and for other purposes; to the Committee on H.R. 1696. A bill to authorize the Adminis- and Mr. SOLOMON. Commerce, and in addition to the Committee trator of the Environmental Protection H.R. 863: Mr. ROSE. on Economic and Educational Opportunities, Agency to exempt certain small landfills H.R. 868: Mr. CANADY. for a period to be subsequently determined from the ground water monitoring require- H.R. 873: Mr. BATEMAN and Mr. RIGGS. by the Speaker, in each case for consider- ments contained in landfill regulations pro- H.R. 1023: Mr. SABO, Mr. FILNER, and Mr. ation of such provisions as fall within the ju- mulgated by the Agency; to the Committee GEKAS. risdiction of the committee concerned. on Commerce. H.R. 1037: Mr. PAYNE of Virginia. By Mr. STARK (for himself, Mr. WAX- H.R. 1697. A bill to provide for the continu- H.R. 1044: Mr. SOLOMON. MAN, Mr. ACKERMAN, Mr. COYNE, Mr. ation of certain commercial activities at the H.R. 1090: Ms. RIVERS and Mr. PASTOR. DELLUMS, Mr. FOGLIETTA, Mr. GON- Red’s Horse Ranch area of the Eagle Cap Wil- H.R. 1143: Mr. RIGGS. ZALEZ, Mr. KENNEDY of Rhode Island, derness, Wallowa and Whitman National H.R. 1144: Mr. RIGGS. Mr. MCDERMOTT, Mr. OLVER, Mr. Forests, OR; to the Committee on Resources. H.R. 1145: Mr. RIGGS. PALLONE, Ms. PELOSI, Mr. RANGEL, By Mr. LIGHTFOOT (for himself, Mr. H.R. 1210: Mr. COSTELLO. and Ms. WOOLSEY): HOYER, Mr. CLINGER, Mr. VISCLOSKY, H.R. 1707. A bill to amend title XVIII of the H.R. 1222: Mr. GOSS, Mr. OLVER, Mr. and Mr. HORN): Social Security Act to ensure access to serv- CANADY, Mr. SKAGGS, and Mr. LOBIONDO. H.R. 1698. A bill to amend title 31, United ices and prevent fraud and abuse for enroll- H.R. 1233: Mr. SCOTT, Mr. BORSKI, Mrs. States Code, to require electronic funds ees of health maintenance organizations LOWEY, and Mr. FILNER. transfer for all Federal payments by 2001 to under the Medicare Program, to amend H.R. 1235: Mr. LUTHER. promote efficiency and economy in the dis- standards for Medicare supplemental poli- H.R. 1242: Mr. BURTON of Indiana, Mr. bursement of Federal funds and to eliminate cies, to modify the Medicare Select Program, MONTGOMERY, Mr. LEWIS of Kentucky, and crime incident to the issuance of Treasury and for other purposes; to the Committee on Mr. BUYER. checks; to the Committee on Government Commerce, and in addition to the Committee H.R. 1264: Mr. THOMPSON, Mr. HINCHEY, and Reform and Oversight. on Ways and Means, for a period to be subse- Mr. GUTIERREZ. By Mr. MCCOLLUM: quently determined by the Speaker, in each H.R. 1297: Mr. THOMPSON. H.R. 1699. A bill to amend the Community case for consideration of such provisions as H.R. 1298: Mr. BROWN of California. Reinvestment Act of 1977, the Equal Credit fall within the jurisdiction of the committee H.R. 1302: Mr. BORSKI. Opportunity Act, and the Fair Housing Act concerned. H.R. 1352: Mr. BLILEY, Mr. PETERSON of to improve the administration of such acts, By Mr. WELLER (for himself, Mr. Florida, Mr. BEREUTER, Mr. FAZIO of Califor- to prohibit redlining in connection with the METCALF, Mr. BARR, Mr. FOX, Mr. nia, and Mr. SPRATT. provision of credit, and for other purposes; to STOCKMAN, Mr. EHRLICH, Mr. CHRYS- H.R. 1402: Mr. HINCHEY and Ms. WOOLSEY. the Committee on Banking and Financial LER, Mr. NEY, Mr. HEINEMAN, Mr. H.R. 1431: Mr. BAKER of Louisiana. Services, and in addition to the Committee ONDIT AYNE BONO, Mr. HAYWORTH, Mr. LOBIONDO, H.R. 1442: Mr. C and Mr. P of on the Judiciary, for a period to be subse- Mrs. KELLY, Mr. TATE, Mr. DAVIS, Virginia. quently determined by the Speaker, in each H.R. 1450: Mr. LUTHER and Mr. SABO. Mr. GRAHAM, Mr. FOLEY, Mr. FORBES, case for consideration of such provisions as H.R. 1487: Mr. BACHUS and Mr. HAYWORTH. Mr. SALMON, Mr. ENGLISH of Penn- fall within the jurisdiction of the committee H.R. 1490: Mr. EVANS, Mr. UNDERWOOD, and sylvania, Mr. FRISA, Mr. BURR, Mr. concerned. Ms. LOFGREN. WAMP, and Mr. BRYANT of Tennessee): By Mr. NADLER (for himself, Ms. H.R. 1708. A bill to establish the Federal H.R. 1491: Mr. ORTON. MCKINNEY, Mrs. MALONEY, Ms. Mortgage Insurance Corporation as a wholly H.R. 1493: Mr. PACKARD, Mr. JACOBS, Mr. ´ VELAZQUEZ, Mr. FRANK of Massachu- owned Government corporation to provide ACKERMAN, Mr. HASTINGS of Florida, Mr. setts, Mr. SERRANO, Ms. WOOLSEY, full mortgage insurance and provide for the THOMPSON, and Mr. PAYNE of New Jersey. Mr. FATTAH, Mr. TORRES, Mr. DEL- development of credit enhancement products H.R. 1500: Mrs. KELLY, Mr. STOKES, Ms. ´ LUMS, Mr. MEEHAN, Mr. COYNE, and for mortgages for single family homes of VELAZQUEZ, and Mr. YATES. Mr. SABO): low- and moderate-income homebuyers, and H.R. 1510: Mr. LUTHER. H.R. 1700. A bill to make an exception to for other purposes; to the Committee on H.R. 1532: Mr. GENE GREEN of Texas and the United States embargo on trade with Banking and Financial Services. Mr. FROST. Cuba for the export of medicines or medical By Ms. DANNER: H.R. 1533: Mrs. KELLY and Mr. BAKER of supplies, instruments, or equipment, and for H.J. Res. 92. Joint resolution proposing an Louisiana. other purposes; to the Committee on Inter- amendment to the Constitution of the Unit- H.R. 1552: Mr. MCCOLLUM, Mr. CRANE, Ms. national Relations. ed States to limit the terms of office for MCCARTHY, Mr. JONES, Mr. WELLER, Mr. By Mr. ROEMER (for himself, Mr. ZIM- Representatives and Senators in Congress; to WOLF, Ms. LOFGREN, Mr. POMEROY, Mr. TAL- MER, Mr. BARRETT of Wisconsin, Mr. the Committee on the Judiciary. ENT, Mr. RAHALL, Mr. WISE, Mr. BROWN of SHAYS, Mr. KLECZKA, Mrs. ROUKEMA, California, Mr. BARRETT of Wisconsin, Mr. f Mr. YATES, Mr. INGLIS of South Caro- BARRETT of Nebraska, Mr. FOLEY, Mr. lina, Mr. JACOBS, Mr. UPTON, Mr. ADDITIONAL SPONSORS LATHAM, Mr. MCKEON, Mr. KLUG, Mr. ROE- FRANK of Massachusetts, Mrs. MER, Mr. CLYBURN, Mr. LEACH, Mr. MONTGOM- MALONEY, Mr. MEEHAN, Mr. OBER- Under clause 4 of rule XXII, sponsors ERY, Mr. PETE GEREN of Texas, and Mr. GENE STAR, Mr. SCHUMER, Ms. DANNER, Mr. were added to public bills and resolu- GREEN of Texas. WYDEN, and Mr. DEFAZIO): tions as follows: H.R. 1583: Mr. HASTINGS of Florida. H 5572 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE May 24, 1995

H.R. 1588: Mr. HOSTETTLER. H.R. 1561 volved is identical to functions already being H.R. 1594: Mr. INGLIS of South Carolina and OFFERED BY: MR. BURTON performed by the receiving agency. Mr. HEFLEY. AMENDMENT NO. 82: In paragraph (1) of sec- H.R. 1561 H.R. 1595: Mr. HAYWORTH, Mr. DEUTSCH, Mr. tion 3309(b) (relating to the future of the OFFERED BY: MR. HAMILTON CHABOT, Mr. BUNN of Oregon, Ms. PRYCE, Mr. United States military presence in Pan- FOX, Mr. CLYBURN, Mr. HOSTETTLER, Mr. AMENDMENT NO. 87: On page 286 after line ama)— LATOURETTE, Mr. LAHOOD, Mr. ANDREWS, and 19, amend the subsection ‘‘(e)’’ which would (1) in the matter preceding subparagraph Mr. COBLE. be added to Section 222 of the Foreign Assist- (A), strike ‘‘a new base rights’’ and insert H.R. 1611: Mr. NEY. ance Act of 1961, by adding at the end a new ‘‘an’’; and H.R. 1662: Mr. RANGEL, Mr. HASTINGS of sentence as follows: (2) strike subparagraph (B) and insert the Florida, Mr. YOUNG of Alaska, Mr. KENNEDY ‘‘The provisions of this subsection shall following new subparagraph: of Rhode Island, Mr. BAKER of Louisiana, and not apply to guaranties which have been is- (B) to ensure that the United States will be Mr. MOLLOHAN. sued for the benefit of the Republic of South able to act after December 31, 1999, to main- H. Con. Res. 42: Mr. MORAN and Mr. DOO- Africa.’’ tain the security of the Panama Canal and LITTLE. H.R. 1561 guarantee its regular operation, consistent f with the Panama Canal Treaty, the Treaty OFFERED BY: MR. HAMILTON Concerning the Permanent Neutrality and AMENDMENT NO. 88: At the end of the bill AMENDMENTS Operation of the Panama Canal, and the res- add the following new chapter: Under clause 6 of rule XXIII, pro- olutions of ratification thereto; and CHAPTER XXXVI—ADDITIONAL posed amendments were submitted as H.R. 1561 PROVISIONS follows: OFFERED BY: MR. CHABOT SEC. 3601. ADDITIONAL AUTHORIZATIONS. (a) Notwithstanding any other provision of H.R. 1561 AMENDMENT NO. 83: At the end of the bill, add the following: this Act, except for sections 2101(a)(3), OFFERED BY: MR. ANDREWS 2101(a)(5), 2101(a)(6), 2102(e)(1), 2104(a), 2106(2), AMENDMENT NO. 79: Add the following at DIVISION D—ADDITIONAL PROVISIONS 2106(3)(B), 2106(3)(C), 2106(3)(D), 2106(3)(E), the end of Division A: TITLE XLI—AUTHORIZATION OF 2106(6), 2106(7), 3141, 3151, 3161, the following TITLE VI—OVERSEAS PRIVATE APPROPRIATIONS amounts are authorized to be appropriated INVESTMENT CORPORATION SEC. 4101. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. for the specified programs and activities: (1) $1,748,438,000 for each of the fiscal years SEC. 601. ABOLITION OF OVERSEAS PRIVATE IN- (a) FOREIGN MILITARY FINANCING PRO- VESTMENT CORPORATION. GRAM.—Notwithstanding section 3101 of this 1996 and 1997 for ‘‘Diplomatic and Consular (a) ABOLITION.—The Overseas Private In- Act, there are authorized to be appropriated Programs’’ of the Department of State. vestment Corporation is abolished, effective for grant assistance under section 23 of the (2) $372,480,000 for each of the fiscal years October 1, 1995. Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2763) and 1996 and 1997 for ‘‘Salaries and Expenses’’ of the Department of State. (b) ADMINISTRATION OF EXISTING OBLIGA- for the subsidy cost, as defined in section (3) $421,760,000 for each of the fiscal years TIONS.—The Secretary of State shall carry 502(5) of the Federal Credit Reform Act of out the functions performed on September 1990, of direct loans under such section— 1996 and 1997 ‘‘Acquisition and Maintenance 30, 1995, by the Overseas Private Investment (1) $3,274,440,000 for fiscal year 1996; and of Buildings Abroad’’. Corporation only for purposes of administer- (2) $3,216,020,000 for fiscal year 1997. (4) $24,250,000 for each of the fiscal years 1996 and 1997 for ‘‘Office of the Inspector Gen- ing insurance, reinsurance, financing, and (b) ECONOMIC SUPPORT ASSISTANCE.—Not- other contracts or agreements issued or en- withstanding section 3201 of this Act, section eral’’ of the Department of State. (5) $15,465,000 for each of the fiscal years tered into by the Corporation that are effec- 532(a) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 1996 and 1997 for ‘‘Payment to the American tive on October 1, 1995. Such functions shall (22 U.S.C. 2346a(a)) is amended to read as fol- Institute in Taiwan’’. terminate when all such insurance, reinsur- lows: (6) $8,579,000 for each of the fiscal years 1996 ance, financing, and other contracts or ‘‘(a) There are authorized to be appro- and 1997 for ‘‘protection of Foreign Missions agreements expire. priated to the President to carry out the pur- and Officials’’. (c) TERMINATION OF PROVISIONS.—Title IV poses of this chapter $2,346,378,000 for fiscal (7) $934,057,000 for each of the fiscal years of chapter 2 of part I of the Foreign Assist- year 1996 and $2,238,478,000 for fiscal year 1996 and 1997 for ‘‘Contributions to Inter- ance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2191 and following) 1997.’’. national Organizations’’. shall cease to be effective on October 1, 1995, (c) DEVELOPMENT FUND FOR AFRICA.—Not- (8) $425,000,000 for each of the fiscal years except that such title shall continue in effect withstanding paragraph (2) of section 3221(a) 1996 and 1997 for ‘‘Voluntary Contributions to with respect to the functions performed by of this Act, there are authorized to be appro- International Organizations’’. the Secretary of State under subsection (b). priated $649,214,000 for fiscal year 1996 and (9) $533,304,000 for each of the fiscal years (d) TERMINATION OF AFFAIRS.—The Director $634,214,000 for fiscal year 1997 to carry out 1996 and 1997 for ‘‘Contributions for Inter- of the Office of Management and Budget chapter 10 of part I of the Foreign Assistance national Peacekeeping Activities’’. shall take the necessary steps to terminate Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2293 et seq.). (10) $100,000,000 for each of the fiscal years the affairs of the Overseas Private Invest- H.R. 1561 1996 and 1997 for the Department of State to ment Corporation. OFFERED BY: MR. FILNER carry out section 551 of Public Law 87–195. H.R. 1561 AMENDMENT NO. 84: In section 2103(1)(A), (11) $13,858,000 for each of the fiscal years OFFERED BY: MR. BILBRAY strike ‘‘$12,472,000’’ and insert ‘‘$19,372,000’’. 1996 and 1997 for ‘‘International Boundary AMENDMENT NO. 80: Page 100, line 10, strike In section 2103(4), strike ‘‘$13,202,000’’ and and Water Commission, United States and ‘‘$12,472,000’’ and insert ‘‘$21,958,000’’. insert ‘‘$6,302,000’’. Mexico; Salaries and Expenses’’. At the end of the bill, add the following: H.R. 1561 (12) $10,393,000 for each of the fiscal years 1996 and 1997 for ‘‘International Boundary DIVISION D—ADDITIONAL PROVISIONS OFFERED BY: MR. GILMAN and Water Commission, United States and TITLE XLI—FOREIGN BUILDINGS AMENDMENT NO. 85: Strike subsection 505(e) Mexico; Construction’’. SEC. 4001. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. and insert the following: (13) $740,000 for each of the fiscal years 1996 Notwithstanding section 2101(a)(4), there ‘‘Section 505(e) AUTHORITY SUBJECT TO EX- and 1997 for ‘‘International Boundary and are authorized to be appropriated for ‘‘Acqui- PRESS APPROPRIATION. The authority to Water Commission, United States and Can- sition and Maintenance of Buildings make voluntary separation incentive pay- ada’’. Abroad’’, $367,274,000 for the fiscal year 1997. ments which is provided under this section (14) $3,550,000 for each of the fiscal years shall be effective for any fiscal year only to H.R. 1561 1996 and 1997 for ‘‘International Joint Com- the extent or in such amounts as provided in mission’’. OFFERED BY: MR. BURTON OF INDIANA advance for that express purpose in appro- (15) $14,669,000 for each of the fiscal years AMENDMENT NO. 81: In paragraph (1) of sec- priation Act.’’ 1996 and 1997 for ‘‘International Fisheries tion 3309(b) (relating to the future of the H.R. 1561 Commissions’’. United States military presence in Pan- (16) $15,000,000 for each of the fiscal years OFFERED BY: MR. GILMAN ama)— 1996 and 1997 for ‘‘Asia Foundation’’. (1) in the matter preceding subparagraph AMENDMENT NO. 86: After section 510, insert (17) $496,002,000 for each of the fiscal years (A), strike ‘‘a new base rights’’ and insert the following new section: 1996 and 1997 for the purposes of section ‘‘an’’; and SEC. 511. TRANSFER OF FUNCTION. 2106(1) of this Act. (2) strike subparagraph (B) and insert the Any determination as to whether a trans- (18) $130,799,000 for each of the fiscal years following new subparagraph: fer of function, carried out under this Act, 1996 and 1997 for the purposes of section (B) to ensure that the United States will be constitutes a transfer of function for pur- 2106(3)(A) of this Act. able to act after December 31, 1999, to main- poses of subchapter I of chapter 35 of title 5, (19) $119,536,000 for each of the fiscal years tain the security of the Panama Canal and United States Code, shall be made without 1996 and 1997 for the purposes of section guarantee its regular operation; and regard to whether or not the function in- 2106(3)(F) of this Act. May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H 5573 (20) $395,340,000 for each of the fiscal years ‘‘(C) The subsidy cost of the investment ration incentive payment under this section 1996 and 1997 for the purposes of section guaranties and direct loan programs under and the last day of the second quarter of the 2106(5) of this Act. subsections (b) and (c) of section 234 may not fiscal year in which the offer is made. (21) $85,919,000 for each of the fiscal years exceed $79,000,000 for fiscal year 1996. The (d) PERIOD OF AUTHORITY.—The head of an 1996 and 1997 for the purposes of section subsidy cost of such programs shall not be agency shall have authority to authorize 2106(5) of this Act. separately designated for the independent payment of voluntary separation incentive (22) $4,300,000 for each of the fiscal years states of the former Soviet Union, or for any payments under this section for a 60-day pe- 1996 and 1997 for the purposes of section other particular country or group of coun- riod beginning on the 61st day after the date 2106(8) of this Act. tries, but shall be combined for all countries. on which the President transmits to the ap- (23) $20,000,000 for each of the fiscal years The standards in effect on May 15, 1995, for propriate congressional committees the ap- 1996 and 1997 for the purposes of section determining for which projects the Corpora- plicable reorganization plan for the agency 2106(9) of this Act. tion should provide guaranties and loans in under section 221, 321, or 421. (24) $76,300,000 for each of the fiscal years countries other than the independent states H.R. 1561 1996 and 1997 to carry out the purposes of the of the former Soviet Union shall apply to OFFERED BY: MR. MICA Arms Control and Disarmament Act. projects in all countries. No net subsidy cost (25) $3,351,910,000 for grant assistance under of the investment guaranties and direct loan AMENDMENT NO. 93: section 23 of the Arms Export Control Act (22 programs may be incurred after September SEC. 2106. UNITED STATES INFORMATIONAL, U.S.C. 2763) and for the subsidy costs, as de- 30, 1998.’’. EDUCATIONAL, AND CULTURAL PRO- fined in section 502(5) of the Federal Credit GRAMS. SEC. 3276. STUDY ON PRIVATIZATION. Reform Act of 1990, of direct loans under Page 105, strike lines 20 through 23. such section. (a) STUDY AND REPORT.—The Overseas Pri- vate Investment Corporation shall conduct a SEC. 3212. MICRO- AND SMALL ENTERPRISE DE- (26) $2,504,300,000 for each of the fiscal years VELOPMENT CREDITS. 1996 and 1997 to carry out chapter 5 of part II study on privatizing the activities of the Corporation and, not later than 180 days Page 260, line 24, strike ‘‘$2,000,000’’ and in- of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961. sert ‘‘$2,800,000’’. (27) $1,300,000,000 for each of the fiscal years after the date of the enactment of this Act, 1996 and 1997 to carry out sections 103 submit to the Congress a report on the H.R. 1561 through 106 of the Foreign Assistance Act of study. OFFERED BY: MRS. MORELLA (b) CONTENTS OF REPORT.—In the report 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151a through 2151d). AMENDMENT NO. 94: Page 196, after line 2, (28) $802,000,000 for each of the fiscal years submitted under subsection (a), the Overseas insert the followng new section: 1996 and 1997 to carry out programs under Private Investment Corporation shall set forth the necessary steps to transfer to the SEC. 2712. REGARDING THE GUATEMALAN PEACE chapter 11 of part I of the Foreign Assistance PROCESS AND THE NEED FOR Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2295 et seq.). private sector all the evidences of ownership GREATER PROTECTION OF HUMAN (29) $788,000,000 for each of the fiscal years of the Corporation with respect to the activi- RIGHTS IN GUATEMALA. 1996 and 1997 to carry out programs under ties of the Corporation, whether through the (a) FINDINGS.—The Congress makes the fol- chapter 11 of Part I of the Foreign Assist- sale of the Corporation’s stock, contracts, lowing findings: ance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2295 et seq.). leases, or other agreements or rights, or oth- (1) Formal negotiations to bring an end to (30) $480,000,000 for each of the fiscal years erwise. The process of privatization de- the 34-year armed conflict in Guatemala and 1996 and 1997 for economic assistance for scribed in the preceding sentence shall be to establish conditions for democracy in Eastern Europe and the Baltic states under prudent and orderly, shall maximize the Guatemala were resumed in January 1994 the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. value to United States taxpayers, shall pro- under United Nations mediation between the 2151 et seq.) and the Support for East Euro- ceed as quickly as market conditions permit, Government of Guatemala and the armed op- pean Democracy (SEED) Act of 1989. through a limited transition period, and position, the Guatemalan National Revolu- (31) $31,760,000 for each of the fiscal years shall be completed by a date certain. The re- tionary Union (URNG). 1996 and 1997 to carry out section 401 of the port shall outline a privatization plan which, (2) These negotiations have resulted in the Foreign Assistance Act of 1969 (22 U.S.C. at a minimum— signing of a series of landmark accords on 290f). (1) specifies the date certain for comple- human rights, the establishment of a Com- (32) $17,405,000 for each of the fiscal years tion of the privatization process that begins mission for the Historical Clarification of 1996 and 1997 to carry out the African Devel- not later than 1 year after the report is sub- Human Rights Violations, the resettlement opment Foundation Act (22 U.S.C. 290h et mitted; of displaced populations, indigenous rights seq.). (2) ensures that any transitional United (33) $529,027,000 for each of the fiscal years and identity, and other issues, and are ex- States Government support before the com- pected to lead to the signing of further ac- 1996 and 1997 for necessary operating ex- pletion of the privatization process involves penses of the agency primarily responsible cords and a final comprehensive accord in no net cost to the United States Govern- the near future. for administering part I of the Foreign As- ment; sistance Act of 1961 (other than the office of (3) The government and the Guatemalan (3) provides for the sale or other transfer of National Revolutionary Union (URNG) the inspector general of such agency). the existing portfolio and reserves of the (34) $39,118,000 for each of the fiscal years agreed in the human rights accord signed on Overseas Private Investment Corporation; March 29, 1994, that ‘‘[t]he Government shall 1996 and 1997 for necessary operating ex- and penses of the office of the inspector general not sponsor the adoption of legislative or (4) retains, during the transition period, any other type of measures designed to pre- of the agency primarily responsible for ad- the agreements entered into with foreign ministering part I of the Foreign Assistance vent the prosecution and punishment of per- countries under section 237(a) of the Foreign sons responsible for human rights viola- Act of 1961. Assistance Act of 1961. (35) $50,000,000 for each of the fiscal years tions’’. 1996 and 1997 for the provision of agricultural SEC. 3277. REPEAL. (4) The United Nations Mission for the Ver- commodities under title III of the Agricul- Effective on the date certain that is speci- ification of Human Rights and of Compliance tural Trade Development and Assistance Act fied under section 3276(b)(1), title IV of chap- with the Commitments of the Comprehen- of 1954 (7 U.S.C. 1727 et seq.).’’ ter 2 of part I of the Foreign Assistance Act sive Agreement on Human Rights in Guate- (b) Nothing in this section shall be con- of 1961 is repealed, and any reference in any mala (MINUGUA) established under the strued to affect sections 3103, 3104, 3202, and other law to the Overseas Private Invest- Global Human Rights Accord to monitor 3203 of this Act. ment Corporation shall cease to be effective. compliance with that agreement began oper- SEC. 3602. AGGREGATE AUTHORIZATION OF AP- H.R. 1561 ations across Guatemala in November 1994 PROPRIATIONS. OFFERED BY: MS. JACKSON-LEE and released its first report in March 1995. (5) MINUGUA reports that in Guatemala Notwithstanding any other provision of AMENDMENT NO. 90: on page 260, line 24, there have been numerous violations of the law, the aggregate authorization of appro- strike ‘‘$2,000,000’’ and insert in lieu thereof right to life, and that the vast majority of priations provided for in this Act shall not ‘‘$2,500,000’’. exceed $16,505,843,000 for fiscal years 1996 and cases involving death have not been ade- $15,395,362,000 for fiscal year 1997. H.R. 1561 quately investigated or resolved by the com- H.R. 1561 OFFERED BY: MS. JACKSON-LEE petent Guatemalan authorities. (6) MINUGUA reports that the Guatemalan OFFERED BY: MR. HOKE AMENDMENT NO. 91: on page 265, line 10, strike ‘‘$5,000,000’’ and insert in lieu thereof Government has not adequately guaranteed AMENDMENT NO. 89: Page 289, add the fol- ‘‘$6,500,000’’. the right to be free from torture or other lowing after line 26 and redesignate the suc- H.R. 1561 cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment, and ceeding chapter accordingly: that no information exists to demonstrate OFFERED BY: MR. MICA CHAPTER 8—OVERSEAS PRIVATE that such cases in which the involvement of INVESTMENT CORPORATION AMENDMENT NO. 92: page 75, lines 6 through military and police officers has been verified SEC. 3275. SUBSIDY COST OF OPIC PROGRAMS. 22, and insert the following: have been investigated in depth or that the Section 235(a)(2) of the Foreign Assistance separates from service with the agency dur- guilty parties have been prosecuted. Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2195(a)(2)) is amended ing the period beginning on the date on (7) MINUGUA reports that Guatemala has by adding at the end the following: which the offer is made for a voluntary sepa- made no progress in the investigation of H 5574 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE May 24, 1995 criminal acts alleged to constitute human (17) Recent reports and congressional hear- peace, to immediately disband the Civil Self- rights violations, and that specific actions ings have established that United States Defense Patrols, which are one of the major and inquiries which could and should have agencies hold information concerning the sources of human rights violations in Guate- been undertaken promptly were not carried role of individual Guatemalan military offi- mala, and to cancel plans to convert these out. cers in several human rights cases in which patrols to ‘‘Peace and Development Commit- (8) MINUGUA has observed numerous, per- the United States and the Congress have ex- tees’’; sistent serious human rights violations to pressed longstanding concern, including the (7) calls on the Guatemalan Government to which, in nearly every case, there has been cases of Michael DeVine and Efrain Bamaca. ensure that any amnesty promulgated to no response from competent Guatemalan au- (18) Eyewitness testimony presented to the allow the URNG to be reintegrated as a po- thorities. Inter-American Commission on Human litical party cover only crimes against the (9) Systematic human rights violations are Rights has implicated nine Guatemalan mili- state and not human rights violations; committed with impunity against Guate- tary officers in the clandestine detention and (8) calls on President de Leon Carpio to en- malan civilians, especially members of the torture of Efrain Bamaca. sure the safety and complete return and indigenous population, by members of gov- (19) The United States Embassy and Hon- reintegration of Guatemalan refugees in ernment security forces and by the Civil duras threatened to revoke the visas of all Mexico, in full compliance with the Accord Self-Defense Patrols acting under their au- possible witnesses to the December 1994 of the Permanent Commissions of the Guate- thority. shooting of an American citizen in malan Refugees in Mexico and the Govern- (10) Human rights abuses that endanger Tegucigalpa when they refused to provide in- ment of the Republic of Guatemala, signed in and intimidate judicial authorities, human formation on the crime. Guatemala on October 8, 1992, that deter- rights activists, and public figures continue (20) Congressional hearings have estab- mines the conditions and understandings to occur, such as the killing of Guatemala’s lished that covert actions taken by the under which certain Guatemalan refugees Constitutional Court President Epaminondas Central Intelligence Agency were in direct may be repatriated; Gonzalez Dubon on April 1, 1994, civil patrol- contradiction of officially articulated United (9) calls on President de Leon Carpio to lers firing on a group of peaceful human States policy toward Guatemala. recognize the civilian character of the Com- rights demonstrators in Colotenango on Au- (21) Guatemala has failed to extradite munities of Populations in Resistance, en- gust 3, 1993, the killing of former presidential Colonel Carlos Rene Ochoa Ruiz, under in- suring their security and their right to candidate Jorge Carpio Nicolle on July 3, dictment in Tampa for drug-trafficking, in peaceful integration into Guatemalan soci- 1993, the killing of Chimaltenango district spite of the official request from the United ety with the full exercise of rights and lib- court judge Edgar Ramiro Elias Ogaldez on States Government. erties guaranteed under Guatemala’s na- August 20, 1994, the kidnapping on August 29, (22) The Guatemalan National Revolution- tional Constitution; 1994, of police agent Miguel Manolo Pacheco, ary Union has engaged in violations of the (10) calls on the United States executive who was assigned to protect appeals court laws of war, including the assassination of branch to allocate sufficient funding for a judge Maria Eugenia Villasenor, and the Oc- military commissioner Teofilo Lopez transition to peace fund for Guatemala, tober 14, 1994, murder of police agent Cesar Castillo, firing on a bus filled with civilians which should include all of the military aid Augusto Medina. which ran a roadblock in Chupol, and the re- frozen in the pipeline since 1990 and should (11) The Organization of American States cruitment of child soldiers. be supplemented with additional resources, has found that the Civil Self-Defense Patrols (23) MINUGUA has called on the URNG to to be used to finance the United Nations Ver- are a ‘‘source of human rights violations’’ stop the destruction, and threatened destruc- ification Mission and to implement other and should be ‘‘disbanded or reorganized’’. tion, of installations on rural estates, to re- peace accord implementation programs as (12) The Organization of American States frain from sabotaging electric power pylons, they are determined; has found that in Guatemala there have been and to prevent retaliatory attacks against (11) calls on the executive branch of the serious ‘‘cases of arbitrary arrest, illegit- civilian persons or property. United States Government to undertake imate deprivation of liberty, isolation, and (b) DECLARATION OF CONGRESS.—The Con- every effort to assure that no foreign assist- torture and execution without trial’’ of indi- gress— ance provided to the Government of Guate- viduals, including Efrain Bamaca, the hus- (1) commends the President of Guatemala, mala is made available to ‘‘Peace and Devel- band of United States citizen Jennifer Ramiro de Leon Carpio, and the leaders of opment Committees’’ which have been cre- Harbury, and other members of the Guate- the Guatemalan National Revolutionary ated from transformed civil patrols; malan National Revolutionary Union who Union for establishing a framework for for- (12) calls on the executive branch of the are held by various government security mal negotiations, and for reaching agree- United States Government to condition all forces. ment on several important accords in these assistance to Guatemala, with the exception (13) The Organization of American States negotiations, which, under the mediation of of humanitarian assistance, development as- has determined that the Communities of the United Nations, are designed to bring an sistance, and Administration of Justice as- Populations in Resistance, which have been end to more than 30 years of internal armed sistance, on— harassed and attacked by government armed conflict and set Guatemala on the road to (A) full compliance with MINUGUA rec- forces and the Civil Self-Defense Patrols, are democracy; ommendations and the recommended pre- civilian communities. (2) commends the leaders of the various cautionary measures of the Inter-American (14) The Organization of American States segments of civilian society for their role in Commission on Human Rights, including res- has called on the Government of Guatemala articulating the concerns of all sectors of olution of concerns involving clandestine to ‘‘take a clear stand on the grave problems Guatemalan society and for bringing critical prisons; that obstruct the full observance of human issues onto the agenda of the peace negotia- (B) progress in the continuation of the rights, set well defined goals, and schedule tions; peace process; (C) substantive improvement in the protec- policies for attaining them’’. (3) calls on President de Leon Carpio and tion of human rights; (15) The security of repatriated refugees in all parties in the negotiation process to pro- (D) the dissolution of the Civil Self-De- Guatemala and of internally displaced civil- ceed in the spirit of the Oslo Accords to fense Patrols; ians, including the Communities of Popu- achieve peace by political means, to the end (E) the guaranteed safety of refugees, re- lations in Resistance, remains at risk due to that a final, binding, and verifiable agree- turnees, and the internally displaced; continued military intimidation and harass- ment will be attained at the earliest possible (F) verifiable resolution of the DeVine, ment, and their reintegration into Guate- date; Ortiz, Davis, Blake, Larson, Bamaca, Mack, malan society has been hampered by inad- (4) calls on the Group of Friends of the Carpio, Gonzalez Dubon, Elias Ogaldez, equate access to land and other productive peace negotiations (Colombia, Mexico, Pacheco, Medina, and Colotenango cases; resources. Spain, Venezuela, Norway, and the United (G) the strengthening of the various seg- (16) There has been insufficient progress in States) to continue and intensify their sup- ments of civilian society, which are essential bringing to justice all of those responsible port of the peace negotiations through diplo- to the establishment of genuine democracy for the murders of United States citizens Mi- matic initiatives and dialogue with all par- in Guatemala; and chael DeVine, Griffin Davis, and Nicholas ties; (H) extradition of Guatemalan Colonel Car- Blake, the abduction and torture of United (5) calls on President de Leon Carpio to im- los Rene Ochoa Ruiz; States citizen Dianna Ortiz, the attempted mediately develop a measurable and sub- (13) urges the executive branch, in its ef- murder of United States citizen Meredith stantive plan to end grave human rights forts to achieve the goals listed in paragraph Larson, the murder of guerrilla comandante abuses, in compliance with internationally 12, to also consider termination of Caminos Efrain Bamaca Velazquez (the husband of recognized human rights standards, Guate- Fuertes civic action program, and the licens- United States citizen Jennifer Harbury), and mala’s national Constitution, and the rec- ing of private arms sales and the sale of ex- the murders of the following Guatemalan ommendations of MINUGUA, the United Na- cess defense articles; citizens: anthropologist Myrna Mack Chang, tions Independent Human Rights Expert for (14) calls on the executive branch to imme- politician Jorge Carpio Nicolle, Constitu- Guatemala, and the Inter-American Commis- diately suspend the visas of any Guatemalan tional Court President Epaminondas Gon- sion on Human Rights, a part of the Organi- military officer implicated in human rights zalez Dubon, and victims of the Colotenango zation of the American States; abuses, drug-trafficking, and other crimes massacre perpetrated by Civil Self-Defense (6) calls on President de Leon Carpio, as a until these cases have been adjudicated to Patrols. sign of good faith and a contribution to the satisfaction of the Secretary of State; May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H 5575 (15) calls on the executive branch to per- the active cooperation and participation of than 6 months after the date of the enact- manently cancel the visas of Guatemalan governments in whose nations female genital ment of this Act; and military officers implicated in human rights mutilation takes place. Steps to end the (3) the Secretary of State should report to violations or other criminal activity if the practice of female genital mutilation shall the Congress, not later than 6 months after judicial process related to such activity is include: the date of the enactment of this Act, as to disrupted by threats or acts of intimidation (1) encouraging nations to establish clear the actions the United States has taken to against police investigators, prosecutors, policies against female genital mutilation, effect a withdrawal of all Syrian troops from judges, witnesses, or their families; and enforcing existing laws which prohibit Lebanon. (16) calls on the executive branch to per- it; and H.R. 1561 manently cancel the visas of Guatemalan (2) assisting nations in creating culturally military officers and those of their imme- appropriate outreach programs that include OFFERED BY: MR. TRAFICANT diate family if the threats or acts in section education and counseling about the dangers AMENDMENT NO. 99: At the end of chapter 2 15 are carried out; of female genital mutilation for women and (17) calls on the executive branch to com- of title XXXIV of division C (relating to spe- men of all ages; and cial authorities and other provisions of for- ply as fully and as expeditiously as possible (3) ensuring that all appropriate programs with freedom of information act requests eign assistance authorizations), add the fol- in which the U.S. participates includes a lowing new section: dealing with human rights cases in Guate- component pertaining to female genital mu- mala, beginning with those that have al- tilation, so as to ensure consistency across SEC. 3420. LIMITATION ON PROCUREMENT OUT- ready been filed by Jennifer Harbury and the spectrum of health and child related pro- SIDE THE UNITED STATES. Dianna Ortiz; grams conducted in any country in which fe- Funds made available for assistance for fis- (18) calls on the Administration to support male genital mutilation is known to be a cal years 1996 and 1997 under the Foreign As- the work of the Commission on the Clarifica- problem. sistance Act of 1961, for which amounts are tion of the Past by moving to review for de- authorized to be appropriated for such fiscal classification in an expedited manner all H.R. 1561 years, may be used for procurement outside United States Government records pertain- OFFERED BY: MR. SMITH OF TEXAS the United States or less developed countries ing to human rights violations in Guate- AMENDMENT NO. 97: In section 2252 (relating mala; and only if— to persecution for resistance to coercive pop- (1) such funds are used for the procurement (19) calls on the administration to assure ulation control methods)— that no covert action undertaken in Guate- of commodities or services, or defense arti- (1) insert ‘‘(a) DEFINTION OF REFUGEE.—’’ mala contradicts publicly stated policy un- cles or defense services, produced in the before ‘‘Section’’; and less the President signs a finding authorizing country in which the assistance is to be pro- (2) add at the end the following new sub- such activity and fully informs the appro- vided, except that this paragraph only ap- section: priate congressional committees of the ac- plies if procurement in that country would (b) NUMERICAL LIMITATION ON ASYLUM.— tion authorized and the reasons for the au- cost less than procurement in the United Section 208 of the Immigration and National- thorization. States or less developed countries; ity Act (8 U.S.C. 1158) is amended by adding H.R. 1561 (2) the provision of such assistance re- at the end the following new subsection: quires commodities or services, or defense OFFERED BY: MR. ROEMER ‘‘(f) Notwithstanding any other provision articles or defense services, of a type that AMENDMENT NO. 95: In paragraph (3) of sec- of law or of this Act, for any fiscal year not are not produced in, and available for pur- tion 3221(a) (relating to authorization of ap- more than 2,000 aliens may be granted asy- chase from, the United States, less developed propriations for development assistance for lum on the basis of a determination pursuant countries, or the country in which the assist- the independent states of the former Soviet to the third sentence of section 101(a)(42) (re- ance is to be provided; Union), strike ‘‘$643,000,000’’ and insert lating to persecution for resistance to coer- (3) the Congress has specifically authorized ‘‘$578,000,000’’. cive population control methods).’’. procurement outside the United States or H.R. 1561 H.R. 1561 less developed countries; or OFFERED BY: MRS. SCHROEDER OFFERED BY: MR. TRAFICANT (4) the President determines on a case-by- AMENDMENT NO. 96: At the appropriate case basis that procurement outside the AMENDMENT NO. 98: At the end of title United States or less developed countries place, insert the following: XXVII (relating to congressional state- Whereas, female genital mutilation is a would result in the more efficient use of ments), add the following new section: violation of women’s basic human rights; United States foreign assistance resources. and SEC. 2712. SENSE OF THE CONGRESS REGARDING H.R. 1561 Whereas, female genital mutilation con- SYRIAN OCCUPATION OF LEBANON. stitutes a major health risk to women, with It is the sense of the Congress that— OFFERED BY: MR. WAMP lifelong physical and psychological con- (1) the Government of Syria should honor AMENDMENT NO. 100: Strike subsection (a) sequences; and the Taif Agreement and withdraw all of its Whereas, female genital mutilation should troops from Lebanon; of section 3204 (relating to funding for the not be condoned by any government; (2) the United States should take every ac- International Fund for Ireland). It is the sense of Congress that: tion feasible through the United Nations to Strike section 3221 (relating to authoriza- The President seek to end the practice of encourage the Government of Syria to with- tion of appropriations for development as- female genital mutilation worldwide through draw all of its troops from Lebanon not later sistance authorities). E PL UR UM IB N U U S Congressional Record United States th of America PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE 104 CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION

Vol. 141 WASHINGTON, WEDNESDAY, MAY 24, 1995 No. 87 Senate (Legislative day of Monday, May 15, 1995)

The Senate met at 8 a.m., on the ex- Pending: We will have to extremely limit our piration of the recess, and was called to (1) Harkin-Bumpers amendment No. 1126, time. I think that the requests—may I order by the President pro tempore to reduce unnecessary military spending, suggest that we yield 8 minutes to the holding military spending to a freeze in over- [Mr. THURMOND]. all spending over 7 years protecting readi- Senator from Massachusetts and 8 min- The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The ness and modernization activities and shift- utes to the Senator from Ohio. prayer this morning will be led by the ing the savings to education and job train- Mr. DOMENICI. And 8 minutes to the guest Chaplain, the Reverend Ralph E. ing, restoring a portion of the reductions senior Senator from Ohio. McCormack, of Danville, VA, guest of proposed for those programs in the resolu- Mr. WELLSTONE. I might ask if I Senator BYRD. tion. could have 4 minutes. (2) Feingold-Hollings amendment No. 1127, Mr. DOMENICI. Let me see how the PRAYER to strike the budget surplus allowance provi- opposition goes. I have none for myself sion (Section 204) from the resolution to The Reverend Ralph E. McCormack, at this point. Then I will see. eliminate the use of the fiscal dividend for I yield 8 minutes to Senator KEN- pastor of Burton Memorial Pres- further tax cuts. NEDY, 8 minutes to the junior Senator byterian Church, Danville, VA, offered (3) Snowe amendment No. 1128, to increase from Ohio, and 8 minutes to the senior the following prayer: funding for mandatory spending in function 500 (Education). Senator from Ohio. Let us pray: The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Gracious God, we invoke Thy pres- (4) Bumpers amendment No. 1130, to strike the proposed change in the budget process distinguished Senator from Massachu- ence with us here in this place. rules which would permit the scoring of rev- setts is recognized. We pray for these U.S. Senators. We enue derived from the sale of federal assets. Mr. KENNEDY. Thank you, Mr. pray that they may have wisdom in AMENDMENT NO. 1128 President. I yield myself 8 minutes. their deliberations. We pray that their Mr. EXON. Mr. President, I would Mr. President, one of the most impor- decisions will continue to keep our Na- ask my chairman of the committee if tant aspects of the whole budget reso- tion strong and safe for all people. it would be in order for me at this time lution is what it does in the areas of We pray for all of us here and for our to yield 10 minutes off the bill in oppo- higher education, as well as education families. If there is sickness, we pray sition to the Snowe amendment to the generally. for better health. If there is unhappi- Senator from Massachusetts? I took a few moments of the Senate’s ness, we pray for reasons for joy. If in Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, par- time just 3 days ago to outline where I our families, there is ill feeling, we liamentary inquiry. thought we were on the whole issue of pray for peace and harmony. If in our How much time remains on the education in this country. We take families there is any problem or any Snowe amendment? pride in our higher education system. cause for worry, we pray for a good res- The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Sen- Of the top 149 universities worldwide, olution of the difficulty. ator SNOWE has 67 minutes; the opposi- 127 of them are here in the United Help us to honor Thee with our lips tion has 35 minutes. States. Our system works well. We pro- and with our lives. Amen. Mr. DOMENICI. I would prefer to vide superb higher education in this f yield 10 minutes off the opposition to country. If there is a basic problem, it the amendment. Is that what the Sen- is the cost of higher education. We CONCURRENT RESOLUTION ON ator wanted? have tried to address this problem at THE BUDGET Mr. EXON. The Senator from Ohio the Federal level. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The wants 10 minutes. Our Federal education policies have Senate will resume consideration of I would start out today by saying to been worked out in a bipartisan way Senate Concurrent Resolution 13. all the Senators that we are extremely over the period of years since the early The clerk will report the pending strapped for time. Five minutes here, 1960’s when a judgment was made that business. ten minutes there, under ordinary cir- it was in the national interest to sup- The legislative clerk read as follows: cumstances would be in order. I think port higher education. A concurrent resolution (S. Con. Res. 13) we have about what—4 hours maximum Individual contributions, private sec- setting forth the congressional budget for left? How much time is remaining? tor contributions, and Federal assist- the United States Government for the fiscal The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Three ance have created the world’s best edu- years 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, and 2002. hours and 45 minutes. cation system. Together, we support The Senate resumed consideration of Mr. EXON. Mr. President, 3 hours and educational opportunities for our Na- the concurrent resolution. 45 minutes, with about 70 amendments. tion’s citizens, and at the same time,

∑ This ‘‘bullet’’ symbol identifies statements or insertions which are not spoken by a Member of the Senate on the floor.

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VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7282 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 24, 1995 we support the outstanding research We wanted to make sure that they avoid any kind of taxes. You would that is going on in places like the NIH, were not going to have to repay their have thought they could find—— the National Science Foundation, and loans for a short period of months—and The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The other research agencies. Our system is we are talking a few months—after time of the Senator has expired. working, and it is working well. they graduate, when they are trying to Mr. KENNEDY. I yield myself an- The charts we reviewed a few days find a job. That decision had the sup- other minute. ago in this Chamber show that pro- port of Republicans and Democrats The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The viding higher education to our citizens alike. Now we are finding out that this Senator has no more time. contributes to this country immeas- grace period will be gone as well. Stu- Mr. KENNEDY. I yielded myself 8 urably. The clearest example of this dents are going to be penalized again. minutes and I was given 10, I believe. was the cold war GI bill which returned I do not know how it is in other parts The PRESIDENT pro tempore. That $8 for every $1 that was invested in of the country, but I can tell you the is incorrect. The time of the Senator education. Investments in education job market in my State is not flour- has expired. continue to be an investment in our ishing for young people who are grad- Senator DEWINE. country. uating from college. They are able to Mr. DEWINE. Mr. President, I rise Now, the Budget Act that is before get jobs, but it takes them a little today in very strong opposition to the the Senate today effectively cuts $65 while and their salaries to begin are amendment of my friend, the Senator billion from education, $30 billion of it low. Now the Republicans want to pe- from Maine. This amendment, frankly, out of higher education, and the re- nalize them for that. will hurt the very people it purports to mainder out of other education support If you want to talk about a figleaf help, our young children. programs over the period of the next 7 over a problem, the Snowe amendment The Snowe amendment would sup- years. is just that. This is a 10-percent res- port programs that are, in fact, meri- That is a one-third cut in higher edu- toration from the budget cut. Some torious. But it would do so with an off- cation. The suggestion by members of will say, given the fact we have been set that would cause serious harm to the Budget Committee that these cuts voted down and voted down and voted the future of U.S. competitiveness in a are not going to touch the Pell grants, down, we ought to grab this, because it very important high-technology indus- that we are going to hold them harm- is the only thing we are going to get. try. It would do so with an offset that less, is basically hogwash. Even when The fact of the matter is, this amend- would cause serious harm to U.S. com- we hold the Pell grants harmless, we ment proposes to find offsets from petitiveness in an increasingly tough see a 40-percent reduction in what has travel, bonuses, and other agencies, but and competitive world. The offset as- been a lifeline for young people to go these are not binding instructions. The sumes a reduction of $1.124 billion in on to higher education. appropriators decide on those instruc- aeronautic research and development. Mr. President, 70 percent of all the tions. There is nothing to guarantee Let me explain the real world con- young people in my State need some that education will be off limits. sequences this cut would have, and es- kind of assistance to go to the fine So on the one hand, the Snowe pecially what it would do to some very schools and colleges, the 4-year col- amendment may restore some benefit important programs at NASA. leges and the 2-year colleges in my to those who need Stafford loans, but One of the programs has to do with State. And 75 percent of that assist- you are taking money away from the the advanced subsonic technology. This ance comes from Federal support to sons and daughters of working families program addresses future technology higher education. who need the help and assistance pro- needs covering the whole spectrum of What is amazing to me is that after vided in a title I program or a school- subsonic aviation, from commercial we have had this dramatic cut, and the to-work program. There are no guaran- jets to small aircraft. Senate has rejected the efforts by Sen- tees here that you are not going to just First of all, this program has already ator HARKIN, Senator HOLLINGS, and put it back in one part of education perfected techniques for detecting and others, to restore education funding, and sacrifice another part. evaluating corrosion and cracks in air- we now have this amendment that re- So we should be thankful for any craft. These techniques have now be- stores a meager 10 percent of the pro- kind of restoration of funds to edu- come a part of the industry. If we make posed reduction in Federal support to cation. But I must say to the parents this cut, the cut proposed in the Snowe higher education. who are watching this debate that amendment, our future ability to in- The explanation about how we are what they ought to understand is that crease air safety will be seriously im- going to avoid instructions to the we are going to see a one-third cut in paired. Labor and Human Resources Com- the area of education, a $65 billion loss Second, our ability to decrease the mittee that will be charged with going over the period of the next 7 years. The harmful environmental effects of air- ahead with these cuts is enormously effect of this amendment, if it is suc- craft will also be seriously impaired. interesting to me. cessful, will be a restoration of $6 bil- To remain globally competitive, U.S. We had a debate here on the floor of lion of those funds. aviation has to stay ahead of inter- the U.S. Senate about how we ought to The Senator from Connecticut, my- national environmental standards. eliminate home equity—farm home eq- self, the Senator from Minnesota, and Thanks in part to the advanced sub- uity and home equity of young people— others will be offering, at an appro- sonic technology program, we are in our calculations of student assist- priate time, a very modest amendment doing that today. It would be wrong to ance eligibility. Why? Because the to restore $28 billion, not the full lose our competitive edge in this area. value of the farms have gone up over amount, but just $28 billion, with off- Third, our ability to improve sat- the period of recent years. That has sets from corporate welfare and tax ellite air traffic control would also be been true in the heartland of this Na- provisions. seriously hurt by a cut in this program. tion, just as it has been true in the in- It is extraordinary to me that once All of these areas—aircraft safety, creased value of homes as a result of again we talk about educating children the environment, air traffic control— inflation that students have nothing to in this country, but the Budget Com- are legitimate concerns of the Federal do with. Including home equity in cal- mittee could only find $20 billion out of Government and have been an area culations for student aid eliminated $4 trillion reductions in tax expendi- where the Federal Government has the sons and daughters of working fam- tures to turn to this important ven- been involved for decades. In these ilies whose principal problem is the ture. We could have gotten the $60 bil- areas, NASA is engaging in high-risk value of their farm went up or their lion. You would have thought they research that individual companies home went up. could find the billionaires’ tax cuts simply cannot and will not undertake. A second debate we had here on the where you find billionaires turning Furthermore, Federal investment in floor of the U.S. Senate, supported by into Benedict Arnolds, where they this technology has important roots in Republicans as well, was to give young make fortunes, hundreds of millions the history of our country, as I will ex- people a few months after they get out and billions of dollars, and then give up plain in a few moments. NASA’s role, of college to find a job. their citizenship and go overseas and really, is to develop high-risk, high-

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7283 payoff, precompetitive technologies so America’s ascent to the role of global SNOWE, ABRAHAM, GRASSLEY, BROWN, they can then be passed along to pri- superpower was made possible in large KASSEBAUM, COHEN, LOTT, AND CHAFEE. vate industry. This is something that part by the ability of America’s avia- I support the goal of the amend- only NASA can do. And this invest- tion pioneers to invest in the future. ment—to provide increased funds for ment is essential to the future of the Education—so ably advocated by my higher education. My record is clear U.S. aircraft industry. The continuing good friend from Maine—has to do with and unequivocal on education funding. growth of U.S. market share depends preparing our children for the chal- These funds must be increased, but not on our ability to ensure that aircraft lenges of the future. This program—the in the way proposed by the proponents are safe, cost effective, and able to program that would be cut by this of this amendment. comply with ever more stringent envi- amendment—is building that future. I I do not know that there has been an ronmental regulations. think cutting this program would be a education bill which I voted against There is a long history of Govern- very shortsighted measure—and the since I have been in the Senate for over ment involvement in basic, losers would be our children. 20 years. My record is very clear in precompetitive research. Back in 1917, Tens of thousands of American chil- that regard. the United States established the Na- dren can grow up to work in high-tech- I want to speak about the offsets that tional Advisory Committee on Aero- nology aviation jobs—if we do not fore- are required here that would provide nautics to engage in basic close that option by making short- the money for this particular amend- precompetitive research. The NACA sighted decisions today. ment. I would like to speak about two was a precursor of NASA and did the In aviation, there is a truly global of the offsets that the amendment same kind of forward-looking work market. Over the next 15 to 20 years, identifies and discuss the impact which that would be cut under this amend- the global demand is expected to be be- these cuts would have on our economy ment. tween $800 billion and $1 trillion. and our Federal workers. Earlier this month we, of course, A recent study by DRI/McGraw-Hill First, the amendment would zero out celebrated the 50th anniversary of the estimates that a 1-percent gain in U.S. two important NASA programs. This end of World War II. Every single air- market share creates 9,000 new jobs— Nation has gotten to be what it is be- plane that helped win that war was and $120 million in Federal revenues— cause we put more into research, and made possible by NACA’s testing facili- each year. the inquiry into the unknown, into ties. No single corporation had enough Aviation already contributes over $25 pushing back the frontiers of science, money to be able to invest in the kind billion a year to the U.S. balance of and then we develop the industry and of wind tunnels that were used to test trade. That’s more than any other U.S. the business once that has occurred. these planes. NACA’s Ames facility did manufacturing industry. That has been the hallmark of Amer- have those resources. No single cor- And aviation already generates al- ica. We have been the envy of the world poration had the resources to do the most a million high-quality jobs in this in doing that; the envy of the world. basic research on how wings should be country. So these programs in our R&D are shaped. NACA did have the resources. If we allow this cut to go forward, we seed-corn type programs that whole in- For almost eight decades, NACA, and will fall behind in our effort to develop dustries benefit from. We have seen in its successor agency, today’s NASA, technologies that will keep America on the past money spent at NASA in aero- have been making the kind of invest- top of this global market. nautical research which in particular ment in America’s aviation knowledge I think we should continue to invest had led to the development of an air- base that no corporation could possibly in a high-technology future for this craft industry in this country that has match. Every single plane in America country. been leading in exports second only to today has NASA’s technology some- I think NASDA’s research on avia- farming, to agricultural products, in where in it. The little piece of wing tion plays a fundamental and irreplace- years past. that juts out perpendicular from the able role in that process. Dan Goldin, the Administrator of wing tip—known as a winglet—was de- That is why I will be voting ‘‘no’’ on NASA, was given aid by the adminis- signed by NASA. The winglet increases the amendment proposed by the Sen- tration, and was tasked to downsize the fuel efficiency of an airplane by 5 ator from Maine. To vote ‘‘no’’ on this some, and he went ahead and did it. He percent, and that 5 percent can make a amendment is to say ‘‘yes’’ to a high- did it, and he has a program in NASA, big difference in making U.S. planes technology future for Amercia’s chil- a 5-year budget, which was about $122 competitive. dren. billion in fiscal 1993. The 1996 request is Just this week the Boeing 777 was un- I will conclude by summarizing as now $82 billion for the next 5 years. So veiled. Major components in that plane follows: We hear a lot of talk on this they have been cut by one-third in just were designed some 15 years ago in floor about making sure our children 2 years. NASA’s laboratories, not with a view have good jobs, high-paying jobs, high- NASA has stepped up to the plate to toward the product line of any par- technology jobs, and they should not reduce bureaucracy and improve the ticular corporation, but because, over be confined, as some people on both way it does business. These programs the long run, the long term, America sides of the aisle have said, to flipping are the R&D or seed-corn type pro- needs that technology know-how. hamburgers. This type of research grams which many of my colleagues Another research project threatened gives these good high-paying jobs to have heard me speak about in the past. by this amendment is NASA’s high- our children. This amendment would zero out speed research program. Before invest- I urge, therefore, a ‘‘no’’ vote on the NASA’s High-Speed Research Program, ing the roughly $20 billion that might Snowe amendment. I urge a vote for and NASA’s Advanced Subsonic Tech- be necessary to develop a high-speed our future. nology Program. civil transport aircraft, private compa- I see my time is almost expired. I see Before I talk about these specific nies need to know whether such a plane my friend and colleague from Ohio, programs, I would like to observe that could be built in compliance with envi- who has a tremendous amount of expe- NASA has already absorbed more than ronmental and safety standards. rience in this area, has risen to speak its share of budget cuts. A couple of If we allow the United States to fall and will be speaking in just a moment. figures will illustrate what I am talk- behind in the quest for this techno- I look forward to listening to his com- ing about. In fiscal year 1993, NASA’s 5- logical breakthrough, the U.S. share of ments. year budget request was about $122 bil- the long-range global aircraft market Mr. GLENN addressed the Chair. lion. The fiscal year 1996 request is now could drop below 50 percent. It would The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The $82 billion for the next 5 years. NASA be a horrible blow to the trade deficit, Senator from Ohio is recognized. has been cut by one-third in just over 2 to high-technology jobs, and to some- Mr. GLENN. Mr. President, I regret years. thing in many respects even more im- we have such a short time here this Dan Goldin’s leadership of the agency portant, our national sense that Amer- morning to deal with this. is currently going through a painful ica is leading the world in the future of Mr. President, I rise in opposition to process of reducing its budget by $5 bil- high technology. the amendment proposed by Senators lion over the next 5 years. Mr. Goldin

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7284 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 24, 1995 believes that this can be achieved with- Here is one that ought to get the at- ables NASA to develo high-risk, high- out eliminating programs. He has a tention of every single person who is payoff, precompetitive technology to tough row to hoe to achieve this and he hearing my voice, and every single per- prove feasibility so that industry may just cannot do it if we impose another son in this Chamber: Aging aircraft. complete development and apply tech- cut like this on his budget over there. My colleague from Ohio mentioned nology to specific products; will result These programs are valuable. They that a moment ago. in accomplishments in noise prediction are not something that we just pick up Second, aging aircraft: To develop codes for quieter engines, non-destruc- and lay down as a whim. Further cuts new ways of inspecting aircraft to de- tive evaluation techniques for detect- in NASA’s budget will simply result in termine their airworthiness. ing corrosion, cracks and disbonds; an- the elimination of current programs. When you see a black storm cloud on alytical tools to understand aircraft And Mr. President, I suggest that, if the horizon the next time you are tak- wake vortices for safe landings; and as- this amendment is approved, the future ing off out of Washington National or sists in preserving 1 million U.S. high of NASA’s three aeronautic research Dulles in a 727 aircraft over 20 years quality jobs and $25 to $30 billion in an- centers—Lewis Research Center, Ames old, I think you would be interested in nual positive balance of trade for U.S. Research Center, and Langley Research this kind of research NASA wants to aviation. Center will be in jeopardy. do. How can we possibly take a chance Now, let me talk about the High- New approaches are being developed on knocking something like that Speed Research Program first. The to determine the residual strength in down? goal of this program is to help develop airframes using advanced non- The High-Speed Research Program the technologies industry needs to de- destructive technologies. It might be will: enable NASA to develop early, sign and build an environmentally worth thinking about this program the high-risk technology for future envi- compatible and economically competi- next time you are sitting in a 727 that’s ronmentally compatible, economically tive high-speed civil jet transport for 20 years old waiting to take off on a competitive high-speed civil transport the 21st century. The technology devel- cross-country flight. aircraft (technologies needed are be- opments are to reach an appropriate Third, noise reduction: This program yond state of the art); industry will stage of maturity to enable an industry is developing technologies to reduce take NASA technology and invest $20 decision on aircraft production by 2001. aircraft noise by 10 decibels or more by billion to actually develop aircraft; and Mr. President, the technologies cur- the year 2000. if the United States is first to market, rently needed to develop such a trans- Fourth, terminal area productivity: the U.S. market share could grow to 80 port are beyond the state of the art. Technologies, chiefly involving air percent, achieve $200 billion in sales, NASA estimates that industry will traffic control, that can improve the and create 140,000 new U.S. jobs. need to invest more than $20 billion to efficiency of operations on the ground Thank you Mr. President. I urge my bring such a transport to market. A $20 at busy airports. colleagues to vote against the Snowe- billion industry just with this one de- Fifth, integrated wing design: New Abraham amendment. velopment alone; $20 billion we are concepts, design methodologies, model I think, while I support the goal of talking about, and we are talking fabrication and test techniques are getting more money for education, I about cutting back the research that being developed to provide industry an certainly do not support taking it out will make that possible. integrated capability to achieve in- of these forward-looking research pro- Studies have identified a substantial creased aircraft performance at lower grams that have served us so well in market for a future supersonic airliner cost. the past, and will in the future. to meet rapidly growing demand for Sixth, propulsion: Technologies to long-haul travel, particularly across improve fuel efficiency of future com- IMPACT ON NASA LEWIS the Pacific. mercial engines by at least 8 percent NASA’s zero-based review announced Those that have been to the South- and reduce nitrogen oxides by 70 per- last week will have a significant im- east Asian area recently know how cent over current technology. pact on Lewis Research Center outside that area is really expanding economi- These are only some of the tech- of Cleveland, OH. Lewis will be given cally. Over the period from 2005 to 2015, nologies being developed under the pro- primary responsibility for aeronautics this market could support 500 to 1,000 gram which the amendment’s propents research, especially aeropropulsion re- aircraft, creating a multibillion sales would completely gut. search. Other programs would be shift- opportunity for its producers. Such an It is a truly shortsighted amendment ed away from Lewis, including work on aircraft will be essential for capturing that would eliminate these important expendable launch vehicles. the valuable long-haul Pacific rim applied technology programs. Mr. President, if the proposal by the market. Mr. President, it is no secret that Senator from Maine is accepted, I As currently envisioned an HSCT air- aerospace business is a government-pri- think it could be the death knell for craft should be designed to carry 300 vate sector partnership. Historically Lewis Research Center. I use these passengers at Mach 2.4 on transoceanic our government has funded aeronautics words carefully. But when an agency routes over distances up to 6,000 nau- R&D, and industry has taken this basic like NASA is downsizing, and the chief tical miles at fares comparable to sub- technology and developed aircraft that mission of a given facility is elimi- sonic transports. have dominated the world market. nated—and this amendment would Now let me talk about the Advanced Over the last decade or so, other gov- eliminate high-speed research and ad- Subsonic Technology Program. ernments have gotten into the act. vanced subsonic technology research, The goal of NASA’s Advanced Sub- Currently, the U.S. market share is which will be Lewis’ bread and butter— sonic Technology program is to de- about 65 percent, down from about 91 then I think my words are accurate. velop, in cooperation with the FAA and percent in the 1960’s. If Lewis closes, the impact on my the U.S. aeronautics industry, high- We had 91 percent of the world’s com- State will be significant. According to payoff technologies to enable a safe, mercial aircraft market in the 1960’s. NASA, Ohio has the second largest highly productive global air transpor- We are now being competed with more number of aeronautics jobs in the tation system that includes a new gen- vigorously than we have ever been in country, behind California. This is due eration of environmentally compatible, the past. primarily to NASA Lewis, Wright Pat- economical U.S. subsonic aircraft. Cutting these two important pro- terson, the Ohio Aerospace Institute, Some of the technologies and issues grams will not help us regain this mar- and Ohio’s university system. Anchor- being studied and developed in this pro- ket share—quite the opposite. We will ing these jobs is Lewis. It attracts gram include: be sending a signal that the U.S. air- world class scientists and engineers to First, fly-by-light/power-by-wire: a craft industry will be less competitive. world class facilities. fully digital aircraft control system I do not want to see that happen. Did the Senator from Maine and her which would be substantially lighter, In summary, the advanced subsonic cosponsors consider this impact when more reliable and efficient than cur- technology: meets future technology they put together their amendment? I rent control systems. needs for next generation aircraft; en- do not think so.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7285 Mr. President, Lewis employs di- I believe CBO is inaccurate in stating ‘‘the HSCT, some level of confidence must be es- rectly about 4,500 people. About one- benefits from the R&D supported by the tablished that it could meet noise and emis- third of these are in some way con- NASA programs in question fall almost ex- sions standards and that airlines could oper- nected to aeronautics research. But the clusively to aircraft manufacturers, their ate it profitably. The HSR program was de- suppliers, and airlines.’’ These enabling ad- signed to develop precompetitive tech- multiplier effect is significant. The vances provide the basic tools for U.S. indus- nologies to eliminate the highest technology people employed at Lewis attract other trial innovation. While NASA R&D contrib- risks for a future HSCT, ensuring U.S. lead- businesses, or help form new ventures utes to a stronger U.S. aviation industry, the ership. and stimulating the economy. Gutting benefits are broader. Terminating these im- The first to market a successful HSCT these two programs would have a seri- portant technology programs would have re- stands to gain $200 billion in sales and 140,000 ous impact on this dynamic system. percussions far beyond the short-term profit- new jobs. Mr. President, I ask unanimous con- ability of U.S. aircraft manufacturers and CBO criticizes NASA’s work in tech- sent that several relevant documents airline operators. Joint NASA-FAA efforts nologies that will allow the continued oper- ation of aging jet aircraft. be printed in the RECORD. to safely increase the capacity of the air- There being no objection, the mate- space system, eliminating costly and unpro- 25% of planes flying today are more than 20 years old, beginning to exceed their design rial was ordered to be printed in the ductive delays, would end. Technologies to ensure that the aging aircraft fleet remains life. The trend is to fly aircraft 30 years or RECORD, as follows: safe and cost-effective would not be devel- more; as airlines continue to operate on the NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE oped. U.S. efforts to develop rational posi- edge of profitability they cannot afford new ADMINISTRATION, OFFICE OF THE tions on proposed international environ- aircraft. It is essential that these aging air- ADMINISTRATOR, mental regulations governing airline oper- craft remain safe. Washington, DC, May 8, 1995. ations would be severely hampered, and new CBO contends that ‘‘the benefits from the Hon. PETE V. DOMENICI, technologies to meet increasingly stringent R&D supported by the NASA programs in Chairman, Committee on the Budget, U.S. Sen- environmental requirements would not be question fall almost exclusively to aircraft ate, Washington, DC. developed. The Nation’s only precompetitive manufacturers, their suppliers, and air- DEAR SENATOR DOMENICI: I am writing to technology development for general avia- lines.’’ express NASA’s strong objection to the rec- tion, commuter, and civil tiltrotor aircraft A recent study by DRI/McGraw-Hill esti- ommendation by the Congressional Budget would end. mates that a 1% gain in U.S. market share Office (CBO) in its February 1995 Report to NASA understands the continued budget will generate 9,000 jobs (40% in aerospace and the House and Senate Committees on the pressures facing the Nation. In fact, NASA 60% in supporting industries), $360 million in Budget, ‘‘Reducing the Deficit: Spending and has led the Federal Government by reducing sales and $120 million in Federal tax revenue Revenue Options,’’ to eliminate NASA’s Ad- its outyear budget by 30 percent since 1993 each year. vanced Subsonic Technology and High Speed and is engaged in a major effort to identify NASA’s programs address critical issues of Research programs. I request that this rec- an additional $5 billion in reductions be- safety, airspace system capacity, and envi- ommendation not be included in assumptions tween FY 1997 and FY 2000. We shall continue ronmental aspects of flight which benefit air supporting the Committee’s forthcoming FY to seek efficiencies and streamline our proc- travellers and the general public. 1996 Budget Resolution. esses to ensure that the Nation has the best CBO contends that noise and atmospheric In making its recommendation, CBO con- possible civil aeronautics and space program, pollutants generated by air travel are unpaid tends that these programs develop tech- conducting cutting-edge research and tech- ‘‘costs’’ that travellers impose on the public nologies which should be developed by the nology which will lead the United States at large and therefore air travellers should private sector, namely large aircraft compa- into the 21st century. pay the full cost, including R&D for aircraft. nies. The aeronautics program conducted by Sincerely, Air travel is global, not national, just as NASA and its predecessor, the National Ad- DANIEL S. GOLDIN, the aircraft market is global. Airline opera- visory Committee on Aeronautics, has, since Administrator. tors will buy the best aircraft at the best 1917, developed a wide range of price. If U.S. manufacturers were to incor- precompetitive technologies to address safe- porate the price of meeting international, ty, environmental, and aviation system ca- RESPONSE TO CBO RECOMMENDATION TO ELIMINATE NASA’S SUPPORT FOR PRO- government-established environmental regu- pacity issues, as well as aircraft perform- lations into their products they would quick- ance. The research and technology results, DUCERS OF COMMERCIAL AIRLINERS CBO criticizes NASA’s Advanced Subsonic ly go out of business competing against gov- used by other U.S. Government or commer- ernment-subsidized competition. cial entities, directly benefit air travellers Technology (AST) Program’s goal of main- and the general public while contributing to taining current U.S. market share in sub- ADVANCED SUBSONIC TECHNOLOGY U.S. economic strength and national secu- sonic aircraft. National investment in high-risk, high- rity. NASA’s role is to develop high-risk, Aviation generates almost one million payoff technologies will help ensure contin- high-payoff technologies to a point where high quality jobs in the U.S. and contributes ued U.S. leadership in aviation, which brings feasibility is proven and transfer those to between $25 and $30 billion annually to the significant economic and national security FAA, DOD and U.S. industry. It is up to U.S. U.S. balance of trade—the largest of any U.S. benefits to the Nation. Aviation generates companies to make the substantial invest- manufacturing industry. almost one million high quality jobs in the ments to validate the technologies and in- U.S. aircraft and engine manufacturers U.S. and contributes between $25 and $30 bil- corporate them into specific products and must compete effectively on both cost and lion annually to the U.S. balance of trade— systems. Individual companies simply can- technical capability with government-sub- the largest of any U.S. manufacturing indus- not undertake the high-risk research and sidized foreign competition. Airbus already try. technology development NASA does; invest- claims more than one-third of the commer- NASA addresses a broad range of advanced ments are unrecoverable and often beyond cial aircraft market; their goal is 50% by technology needs for both civil and military the capability of a single company. 2005. aviation. The Advanced Subsonic Tech- Estimates for global aircraft market de- The AST program addresses future tech- nology (AST) program specifically addresses mand over the next 15 to 20 years range from nology needs not only in next-generation future technology needs in next-generation $800 billion to $1 trillion. However, this mar- subsonic aircraft, including small general subsonic aircraft (from large commercial ket could be much smaller if it is con- aviation aircraft and civil tiltrotor as well as jets to small general aviation aircraft) and strained by safety and system capacity and/ large transports, but also for safety and ca- the evolving airspace system. NASA’s role is or an inability to meet more stringent envi- pacity of the evolving airspace system and to develop high-risk, high-payoff ronmental standards. Part of NASA’s aero- environmental concerns. precompetitive technologies to a point where nautics research addresses these issues, i.e., NASA’s role is to develop high-risk, high- feasibility is proven and transfer those to to ensure the largest possible market for payoff precompetitive technologies to a FAA, DOD and U.S. industry. Industry picks which U.S. companies will compete. U.S. point where feasibility is proven and transfer up the technologies, and with its own re- companies currently hold about two-thirds those to FAA, DOD and U.S. industry. Indus- sources continues development, performs of the global market; their primary compet- try picks up the technologies, and with its systems-oriented research and applies them itor, Airbus Industries, is aiming to capture own resources continues development, per- to specific products. a full half of the market in the next 10 years. forms systems-oriented research and applies Recent accomplishments in the AST pro- A recent study by DRI/McGraw-Hill esti- them to specific products. gram include: mates that a 1 percent gain in U.S. market CBO criticizes NASA’s role in High Speed The first integrated engine noise pre- share generates 9,000 jobs (40 percent in aero- Research (HSR). diction code was delivered to industry for space and 60 percent in supporting indus- The technologies required for an environ- use in designing quieter engines to meet fu- tries), $360 million in sales, and $120 million mentally compatible, economically viable ture noise standards. in Federal tax revenue each year. Aviation High Speed Civil Transport (HSCT) aircraft Nondestructive evaluation techniques for contributes between $25 and $30 billion annu- are beyond today’s state-of-the-art. Before detecting corrosion, cracks and disbonds in ally to the U.S. balance of trade, the largest industry can decide whether to invest the aircraft have been licensed to industry to of any U.S. manufacturing industry. roughly $20 billion required to develop an help keep the aging aircraft fleet safe.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00005 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7286 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 24, 1995 Tropospheric climatology data has been work by the International Civil Aviation Or- Mr. DOMENICI. I am going to get collected, to assist in understanding long- ganization (ICAO) on setting an HSCT emis- somebody to come to the floor, but I term changes in nitrogen oxides in the lower sions standard. leave this suggestion. I must attend a Engine noise reduction tests and analysis atmosphere caused by aircraft. meeting on the final wrap-up on this Analytical tools to understand aircraft to determine whether an HSCT could comply wake vortices are being developed, which with strict international noise standards bill now, but we would be willing to will contribute to revised safe aircraft land- (Annex 16, Chapter 3 set by ICAO) would be have 5 minutes on a side on the Dodd ing separation standards. stopped. amendment, which I have seen, which An experimental database is improving un- The U.S. share of the global long-range air- essentially is a change on the tax side derstanding the relative acoustic and aero- craft market could drop to under 50%, if of the equation, and spend the tax dynamic benefits of different rotor configu- technology development is stopped and Eu- money in two ways, part of it on enti- rations for future civil tiltrotors. rope is first to market with a successful tlement programs for education and FY 1995 Budget: $125.8 million. HSCT. This would result in larger trade defi- FY 1996 Budget: $188.4 million. cits and the loss of hundreds of thousands of part on discretionary, and we would Possible impact of significant reduction/ high-skill, high-wage jobs. If the U.S. is first take 5 minutes on our side on that, 10 termination: to market, the U.S. market share could grow minutes each here. Then I would au- Efforts to develop technologies to increase to nearly 80%, and crate $200 billion sales thorize somebody to enter into that the capacity of the airspace system, increas- and 140,000 new jobs. agreement in my behalf in my absence. ing safety and expanding the aircraft mar- Mr. DODD. If my colleague will yield, ket, would be severely curtailed. Weather FISCAL YEAR 1996 ESTIMATED TOTAL AERONAUTICS I wonder if I might get a couple of min- and capacity delays cost airline operators utes on the Snowe amendment itself. Is $3.5 billion a year, and cause untold hours of EMPLOYMENT BY STATE unproductive time for the travelling public. that a possibility? Of the time you Total have? Technologies to ensure that the aging air- OA rank State employ- Funding craft fleet (25% of planes flying today are ment (millions) Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I can- more than 20 years old) remains safe and not hold the Senator to this, but if the cost-effective would not be developed. 1 ...... California ...... 4,783 $382.6 2 ...... Ohio ...... 2,564 205.5 Senator will talk about the Snowe U.S. efforts to develop rational positions 3 ...... Virginia ...... 1,466 117.3 amendment and not about education in on proposed international environmental 4 ...... Washington ...... 519 41.5 general, that would be fine. The Sen- regulations would be hampered by not devel- 5 ...... Maryland ...... 356 28.5 6 ...... Texas ...... 263 21.0 ator wants to speak against that oping better understanding of aircraft noise 7 ...... Connecticut ...... 193 15.4 amendment? and pollution effects and technologies to 8 ...... Wisconsin ...... 171 13.7 minimize those effects. 9 ...... District of Columbia ...... 165 13.2 Mr. DODD. I do. 10 ...... Georgia ...... 113 9.0 Mr. DOMENICI. If I am going to give The only technology development efforts 11 ...... Massachusetts ...... 106 8.5 in the U.S. for general aviation, commuter 12 ...... New York ...... 84 6.7 the Senator time against it, I want him and civil tiltrotor aircraft would be termi- 13 ...... Pennsylvania ...... 73 5.8 to be against it. 14 ...... Florida ...... 70 5.6 nated. 15 ...... Indiana ...... 60 4.8 Mr. DODD. I intend to be against the The ability of U.S. aircraft and engine 16 ...... Missouri ...... 56 4.5 Snowe amendment. manufacturers to compete effectively on 17 ...... Colorado ...... 39 3.1 18 ...... Illinois ...... 38 3.0 Mr. DOMENICI. And the Senator will both cost and technical capability with gov- 19 ...... Tennessee ...... 28 2.2 speak against it? ernment-subsidized foreign competition 20 ...... North Carolina ...... 26 2.1 would be seriously hampered. Airbus already Other ...... 226 18.2 Mr. DODD. Absolutely. Mr. DOMENICI. All right, I yield claims more than one-third of the commer- Total ...... 11,399 911.9 cial aircraft market, and their goal is one- Senator DODD 2 minutes of my time. half by 2005. Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, how Mr. WELLSTONE. I wonder if my HIGH SPEED RESEARCH much time remains? colleague from New Mexico, upon con- NASA’s High Speed Research (HSR) Pro- The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. dition that I speak against the Snowe gram is performing the early, high-risk tech- DEWINE). The Senator from New Mex- amendment, would grant me time? nology development for an environmentally ico has 13 minutes, and the Senator Mr. DOMENICI. I will give the Sen- compatible, economically competitive high from Maine has 17 minutes. ator 2 minutes of my time. speed civil transport (HSCT) aircraft. Such a Mr. DOMENICI. Might I ask the dis- How much did I give the Senator? plane would fly at more than twice the speed tinguished Senator from Maine, does Mr. DODD. The Senator did not. of sound and carry 300 passengers over 5000 she need all 17 minutes? We are trying Mr. DOMENICI. I give the Senator 2 nautical miles at fares close to today’s sub- minutes of my time. Each Senator gets sonic aircraft (747, DC–10, etc.). Before indus- to expedite things. try can decide whether to make the roughly Ms. SNOWE. Yes. 2 minutes in opposition and that will $20 billion investment to develop an HSCT, Mr. DOMENICI. I wonder if we might keep 6 for me, and then Senator SNOWE some level of confidence must be established reach this agreement. I understand has the full 10 minutes to speak to the that it could meet international noise and there is one second-degree amendment Senator’s amendment. emissions standards, and that airline opera- contemplated. I assume that we could Mr. EXON. Is that in the form of a tors would be able to operate it profitably. enter into a unanimous-consent agree- unanimous-consent request? The technologies to achieve this are beyond ment about that. Mr. DOMENICI. The Senator said he today’s state-of-the-art. The HSR program Let me ask Senator SNOWE, could she needed some time. Is he willing to do was designed to eliminate the highest risks that? and ensure U.S. leadership in this important get by with 10 minutes? arena. Ms. SNOWE. Yes. Mr. EXON. That is agreeable to those Recent accomplishments: Mr. DOMENICI. I could use 10 min- on this side. Completed research campaign in the South utes. Then we could move to a second- Mr. DOMENICI. Let us give it a try. Pacific to characterize the stratosphere for degree amendment by Senator DODD Mr. KENNEDY. Reserving the right incorporation in atmospheric simulation for 5 minutes on a side. to object, and I do not intend to object, models which will be used to determine the Mr. EXON. First, the second-degree will the result of that proposal ensure potential impact of future HSCT aircraft. amendment by Mr. DODD, as I under- that we will have an opportunity to Achieved test goal for low-emission engine stand it, is the same second-degree vote on the Dodd amendment in a combustors (NOX level of 5g/kg fuel burned— the Concorde emissions index is 20g/kg) amendment being considered by the timely way? Demonstrated a process to fabricate up to Senator from Minnesota, and also the Mr. DOMENICI. Sure. We will not 10 feet per minute of fiber/resin composite Senator from Massachusetts. Is that amend it. We do not guarantee that material suitable for high temperature use, correct? We are talking about one sec- somebody will not table it, but we will making the essential use of these materials ond-degree amendment? have a vote on it and we will agree to for an HSCT affordable. Mr. DODD. Yes. stack it in the normal way that we are FY 1995 Budget: $221.3 million. Mr. EXON. Certainly, we would doing the others. FY 1996 Budget: $245.5 million. agree. We will need about 2 minutes for Mr. KENNEDY. So it would be treat- Possible impact of significant reduction/ termination: the negotiations that are going on. I ed as a second-degree amendment? Interim assessment of atmospheric effects think we are pretty close to making an Mr. DOMENICI. Exactly. of a supersonic aircraft fleet would not be arrangement along the lines that you Mr. KENNEDY. In that particular completed. This assessment is to support outlined. order.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00006 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7287 Mr. DOMENICI. Correct. with the Snowe-Abraham amendment, The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- Let us try this, Mr. President. First offers education too little too late, I ator from Minnesota is recognized for 2 of all, I am going to yield 2 minutes in would say, Mr. President. minutes. opposition to the Snowe amendment to It is too little in that it offers stu- Mr. WELLSTONE. Mr. President, Senator DODD, 2 minutes to Senator dents an umbrella in the midst of the last year in Minnesota over 14,000 stu- WELLSTONE, and I reserve the remain- hurricane they face with this budget dents received assistance from the Fed- der for myself. proposal, even if this amendment were eral Stafford Loan Program—14,000 stu- The total amount of time that is to be adopted. It will provide some pro- dents. going to be used on the Snowe amend- tection but it is the thinnest of fig I just rise to speak in opposition to ment—and we yield back whatever leaves in that the committee will still the Snowe amendment and say that I other time we have—is 10 minutes by have to eliminate $7.5 billion from stu- am proud to be an original cosponsor of Senator SNOWE and a total of 10 min- dent loan programs. the Dodd amendment. utes in opposition, of which 4 have just I have been through a number of rec- Mr. President, this is, indeed, too lit- been allocated. onciliations on the Labor Committee tle too late. What we are faced with The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there and make no mistake about it—there is right now are some really draconian objection? Without objection, it is so only one place you can find $7.5 billion, cuts that will do irreparable harm to ordered. and that is in student loans. There is higher education in America. In the Mr. DOMENICI. Let me move on then no other place within our committee’s second-degree amendment we are going to a unanimous-consent request. There jurisdiction. And so we will be faced to introduce, we focus on corporate will only be one second-degree amend- with looking ways to cut loans for welfare or tax expenditures. ment. It shall be an amendment offered working-class families, middle-class Mr. President, I would far prefer for by Senator DODD which has been de- families many who do not qualify for some of the oil companies, some of the scribed here and presented to the Sen- Pell grants, do not have the personal large pharmaceutical or insurance ator from New Mexico. There will be 5 affluence, and yet long for the better companies or large financial institu- minutes on a side, 5 minutes by Sen- life that higher education can offer tions to be tightening their belts and ator DODD, 5 minutes in opposition, ei- their children. And these will be the to be a part of the sacrifice than I ther by myself or Senator SNOWE. We Americans who bear the brunt of these would go forward with deep cuts in fi- will then proceed to an amendment by cuts. nancial assistance for higher edu- Senator HATFIELD immediately after Now, these cuts may take many cation. that. And when the time has expired on forms. It could come from the elimi- I cannot think of a more important the second-degree amendment—there nation of the in-school interest subsidy middle-class issue as a former college shall be no other second-degree amend- which can amount to additional costs professor than this issue. ments—we will then stack the second- of as much as $4,000 for a working fam- I do not have time, but if I had time degree amendment pursuant to the pre- ily in this country; it could come I could recite story after story after vious understanding, that the leader through increased fees, through the story after story of students who have will arrange the order and there will be elimination of the 6-month grace pe- written letters to me and made phone a vote on or about the Dodd amend- riod, or an increase in the interest on calls saying for God sake, please do not ment in the stacked order. student loans or any combination of deny us the opportunity to have an af- Mr. EXON. I certainly do not object. those, again all money out of students’ fordable higher education. No matter I would just simply wish to expand this pockets. The bottom line is students how you cut it, that is what these cuts in order to move things along. We are and families are going to pay dearly as are all about. I do not even have a prepared to consider time agreements a result of what is in this budget, even chance in the 2 minutes to talk about now on both the Hatfield amendment if we adopt the Snowe-Abraham earlier education which is, of course, and the amendment following that to amendment. equally important. These cuts in higher education are be offered by Senator BOXER. This amendment is also too late, Mr. Is the Senator from New Mexico in a President, because the amendment myopic. These cuts are profoundly mis- position to talk about time agreements only addresses the end of the education taken for our country. These cuts will on the Hatfield amendment? pipeline, higher education. Our world have an accrual effect on students all Mr. DOMENICI. I am going to a class higher education sector is in no across the across the nation from Ohio meeting right now at which I think the way secure if our efforts in college to Minnesota, and the Snowe amend- Senator will be in attendance, and I preparation, elementary and secondary ment in that respect is really just a lit- will seek some relief on time. schools, Head Start and other areas are tle bit more than symbolic—too little, Mr. EXON. I thank the Senator. going to be severely undercut. too late. We can do much, much better Mr. DOMENICI. I yield the floor at This amendment is sort of the double in how we sort out our priorities. this time. whammy for these critical discre- I yield the floor. Mr. MURKOWSKI addressed the The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there tionary programs. Not only does it not Chair. objection? Without objection, it is so address the cuts proposed in these pro- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- ordered. grams, it also further cuts into discre- ator from Alaska. The Senator from Connecticut. tionary programs to offset the reduc- Mr. MURKOWSKI. How much time is Mr. DODD. Mr. President, I rise this tion it makes on the mandatory side. remaining on our side? morning to express my objection to the Mr. President, we will offer a second The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- Snowe-Abraham amendment. This degree amendment as an alternative ator from Maine has 10 minutes. The amendment proposes to restore some which offsets $28 billion in cuts in edu- opposition now has 6. $6.3 billion in education, specifically to cation with very specific plugging of Mr. MURKOWSKI. I thank the Chair. reduce the Labor Committee’s instruc- corporate loopholes which we can iden- I would yield such time as the Senator tion by this amount in an effort to tify specifically, which Mr. KASICH on from Maine may need on the available stave off severe cuts in student loans. the House side identified as areas that time. Let me at the outset say I appreciate should be looked at in the effort to bal- Ms. SNOWE. I thank the Senator the fact that there is at least some rec- ance our Federal budget. from Alaska. ognition of the fact we ought to be try- So I would urge rejection of this The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- ing to restore some of these critical amendment, with all due respect. We ator from Maine. funds in education. will have a substitute that will allow Ms. SNOWE. I found quite interesting Education has always been an issue for this body to vote on truly whether the debate that has been offered here that has transcended politics in many or not they want to see these working- today on my amendment. ways. There has been a deep commit- class families in this country get a First of all, just to recap my amend- ment historically to it on both sides of break when it comes to education. ment, it is to restore $6.3 billion in the the aisle, and yet the Budget Com- Mr. WELLSTONE addressed the education account. And, yes, we do pro- mittee proposal that is before us, even Chair. vide specific offsets. That should be no

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00007 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7288 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 24, 1995 surprise if you are attempting to pro- an adequate grace period, then you say every Senator wants to balance the vide a credible alternative. support the Snowe amendment. budget. I suggest, Mr. President, that And that is why I am somewhat con- And, I should add who the cosponsors is not true. I suggest that they want fused by the debate here this morning, are of my amendment: Senator KASSE- people to think they want to balance because I heard from the Senator from BAUM, Senator LOTT, Senator COHEN, the budget, but what it gets down to is Ohio that my offsets are binding but Senator ABRAHAM, Senator BROWN, they are basically traditional big then we heard from the Senator from Senator GRASSLEY, Senator CHAFEE, spenders and big taxers and they want Massachusetts that they are not bind- and Senator KEMPTHORNE. the status quo. They want to keep Gov- ing. In fact, I ask unanimous consent to ernment going as it has been going. Well, I think we all understand the add Senator KEMPTHORNE from Idaho To demonstrate this, I am going to true nature of the budget process in as a cosponsor of this amendment. tell you, Mr. President, who is going to the Congress. No, the instructions in The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without be voting against this. The same people the budget resolution are not binding. objection, it is so ordered. who will be voting against it today are But if you are attempting to provide Ms. SNOWE. Mr. President, I reserve the ones that voted for and are the real numbers to demonstrate that they the remainder of my time. right-to-know supporters. These are are credible, then it is responsible to Mr. MURKOWSKI addressed the the ones that did not want a balanced recommend some specific offsets. Chair. budget amendment to the Constitu- It is also true the committees do not The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- tion. have to follow those instructions. I un- ator from Alaska. So during that debate, I character- derstand that and the cosponsors of Mr. MURKOWSKI. How much time is ized who these people are who do not this amendment understand that. But remaining on this side? want a balanced budget amendment to we want to make sure that everybody The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- the Constitution and today do not want understands that there is a way to ator from Alaska has 6 minutes re- a balanced budget. I suggest to you reach those numbers. That is what is maining. they are the ones that can be identified important. Mr. MURKOWSKI. I yield 6 minutes with a voting behavior of taxing and The second issue is whether or not to my friend from Oklahoma. spending. you live in a fiscal fantasy land. The Mr. INHOFE. I thank the Senator And I use as my examples the tax bill difference between the amendment from Alaska. of 1993, the tax bill that was a Clinton that I am offering here today with the Mr. President, last night, when we bill that some people are touting as the cosponsors of this amendment and were watching the discussion take great deficit reduction bill. In fact, it those who oppose it is we support a bal- place, a comment was made by the did not reduce any programs. All it did anced budget. If you support a balanced Senator from Wyoming that the debate was increase taxes, the largest tax in- budget, you have to make some is getting redundant on this budget; crease in history—$267 billion. That is choices. If you do not support a bal- that we have heard about every argu- not what the American people wanted. anced budget, you do not have to make ment there is to hear and now we are It was an increase in taxes on all seg- any choices. You can spend in an un- working on repetition to try to drive it ments of society, a Social Security tax limited fashion. in. increase for thousands of Social Secu- The amendment that they will be of- It occurred to me that it sounded rity recipients. It was a 70-percent in- fering will recommend reducing cor- very much like the debate that we had crease. Yet, these individuals who will porate welfare and tax loopholes. You on the balanced budget amendment to vote today against this balanced budg- cannot object to that. But exactly how the Constitution. At that time, people et are the ones who voted for that tax are we going to reach that goal? They were standing up and saying, ‘‘Well, increase. do not specify. No, they do not want to give us the details. Give us the details. Then along came the Clinton stim- specify, because they do not want to Where do you want to make cuts? What ulus program. It was characterized by a receive any opposition to those specific do you want to do with Medicare and Democrat in this body as the largest offsets, just as they do not support a Social Security,’’ and all the conten- single spending increase in the history balanced budget because they do not tious items that we can so easily dem- of public finance in America or any- want to make any real choices as to agog? where in the world. Such things as the how we get there. So that is the dif- I can suggest right now we have the $2.5 billion for swimming pools, park- ference. details. But I wanted to take a couple ing lots, ice rink warming huts, alpine My amendment is a credible amend- of minutes this morning to share one ski lifts, and other pork barrel ment. It restores specific funding for thing with you, and that is we know projects; $1 billion for summer jobs, specific issues with respect to student pretty much how it is going to come $1.1 billion for AIDS treatment and loan assistance. Yes, I would like to do out. We know who is going to vote for food distribution, on and on and on, all more. But there are those on my side it and who is going to vote against it. these spending increases that sup- saying, ‘‘You are doing too much,’’ and And we know why. posedly were going to stimulate the then I hear from the other side of the First of all, the argument has been economy. aisle who say, ‘‘No, you are not doing used that there are cuts. We have So I characterized those individuals enough.’’ Well, I think my amendment talked about this over and over again. who voted for those two bills and also is somewhere in the middle. Hopefully, They are not cuts in the Medicare sys- who are rated as big spenders. There we will do more in the final analysis. tem. We are talking about a growth are a number of corporations that rate The amendments that have been of- factor that is built in. And the same big spenders. The main one is the Na- fered to restore funding for education thing is true with all the other areas tional Taxpayers Union. So I looked at have used the illusory dividend. Well, that people are very much concerned those individuals who cosponsored the that is just gimmickry at this point. with. Right To Know Act which was the one That dividend may come down at the What we are trying to do is take this to demolish, to do away with, the bal- end of this process when reconciliation one last golden opportunity that we anced budget amendment and stop our is in place. That does not give adequate have—this is it, our chance to fulfill effort for a balanced budget. instructions to the committee. It is not that obligation that the American peo- I found, of all the 41 cosponsors, all 41 money that they can use right now and ple gave to us back on November 8 with voted yes on the biggest spending bill everybody knows it. a mandate. The No. 1 mandate was to in the history of this body. And all 41 So if we really want to restore fund- balance the budget. This is an oppor- of those individuals had a National ing to education, if we really want to tunity to do it. The House has already Taxpayer Union rating of D or F. address the home and farm equity issue done theirs. All we have to do is do it So, Mr. President, I think that we so that it is not used to determine here. I think the votes are here to do have had a lot of debate on this. But one’s income eligibility for student it. when it gets right down to it, the bot- loans, if we want to keep the origina- But I have heard people stand up, tom line is this: Those individuals who tion fee at 3 percent, if we want to have such as one Senator the other day, and are trying to hold on to the past, those

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00008 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7289 who are trying with white knuckles to our goals as identified in this amend- to the Federal Aviation Administra- hold on to the status quo, those who ment. tion, the Department of Defense, and did not hear the mandate that was so I think that it is very, very impor- U.S. industry. It is estimated that the loud and clear on November 8, 1994, are tant that we restore some of the fund- first organization to market such an going to be voting for big spending, big ing in the education accounts. It is aircraft stands to gain $200 billion in government, tax increases, spending in- something that I argued within the sales and 140,000 new jobs. In short, this creases and vote against the balanced Budget Committee during the time in program accomplishes three goals that budget that we have up before us which we were assembling this resolu- are vital to the United States’ finan- today. tion. I wish it were more, but I also un- cial solvency: First, it increases new I believe it will pass, because those derstand the delicate balance in jobs, which increases the country’s tax individuals who are for the status quo crafting this budget resolution to reach base; second, it generates sales for U.S. are now in a minority. the historic goal of balancing the budg- industry, which increases the country’s Thank you, Mr. President. I yield the et by the year 2002. GNP, and, in so doing, increases the floor. I wish that we could identify other country’s tax base; and third, it insures Mrs. HUTCHISON addressed the areas and perhaps that will ultimately the United States’ continued leader- Chair. develop in the process. Maybe the divi- ship in this field, thus forecasting fu- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- dend down the road, but that dividend ture revenues. ator from Texas. is not here today, and I think every- Likewise, the Advanced Subsonic Mrs. HUTCHISON. How much time is body should understand that. The divi- Technology Program generates sub- remaining on our side? dend is not available to be used because stantial long-term revenue benefits. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Twenty- it is not there yet. We have to pass a This program is designed to protect the United States’ market share in sub- two seconds in opposition; and 61⁄2 min- balanced budget plan and reconcili- sonic aircraft, an area which generates utes for the Senator from Maine. ation has to become law for the Con- almost a million high quality jobs in Mrs. HUTCHISON. Six-and-a-half gressional Budget Office to score a po- the United States and contributes be- minutes remaining for the Senator tential dividend. That will materialize tween $25 and $30 billion annually to from Maine? over 7 years, so that is not money that the U.S. trade balance—which, inciden- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Six-and- can be used by the Appropriations tally is the largest of any U.S. manu- a-half minutes remaining. Committee or considered by the au- facturing industry. These programs are Ms. SNOWE addressed the Chair. thorization committees as they develop moneymakers, and to eliminate them The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. their programmatic changes. BURNS). The Senator from Maine. for any reason is fiscally irresponsible. So it does not make sense and it is This is particularly true under the Ms. SNOWE. Mr. President, since I gimmickry to suggest that we are have a few remaining moments on my present circumstances, where the going to use an illusory estimate. So if chairman’s budget adequately address- amendment, I think it is important to you hear about amendments, as we will restate the case of how essential it is es the concerns raised by Senator hear from others this morning, about SNOWE. Senator SNOWE’S amendment to restore funding to education, and restoring funding by using this divi- seeks to restore $6.3 billion over 7 years the difference in the amendments that dend, it means nothing because it is for undergraduate loans—$1.124 billion are being offered this morning is a dif- not available and it is not there yet. of this from the termination of the ference between being able to realisti- So if you support restoring $6.3 bil- NASA programs. cally restore funding to education or lion in education and doing it in a re- However, the chairman’s resolution not, because you will hear from the sponsible way, then I hope you will protects undergraduate student loans. other side in presenting an amendment support the Snowe amendment that is Under Chairman DOMENICI’S resolution, that there will not really be any spe- cosponsored by 10 Members of the Sen- interest on loans for undergraduate cific offsets. While it is true that my ate. education does not accrue until grad- offsets are not binding on the com- Mr. BURNS. Mr. President, the Dodd uation. So, for all students who enter mittee, at least we are being respon- second-degree amendment is, in effect, the work force immediately after col- sible in the approach that we are tak- an increase in taxes and I am opposed lege, nothing has changed. With regard ing. to any increase in tax. to individuals who choose to pursue I think this amendment is critical However, I am also opposed to the graduate or professional coursework, because it does provide $6.3 billion. It Snowe amendment. interest would not accrue on their col- will be protecting some very serious Let me begin by stating that I am a lege debt until they complete this student loan assistance programs, and strong supporter of educational fund- coursework. Chairman DOMENICI’s reso- I want to make sure that the low- and ing. I am firmly opposed to the drastic lution does change the present student middle-income families are not af- cuts in educational programs and fund- loan program with respect to deferring fected by any changes in the student ing which is outlined in the House interest payments accruing upon grad- loan programs. resolution. I believe that these cuts, uate and professional coursework. I also want to ensure that the Labor while well-intentioned, are short- However, this burden is lessened by the and Human Resources Committee has sighted. Such cuts ignore the long- chairman’s budget by preserving the the ability to protect the student loan term benefits of preparing America’s benefits of capped interest rates on stu- assistance programs in the way that we children to assume their position in dent loans, federal guarantees, oppor- have recommended in this amendment, the world market, and for that reason tunities to defer payments in case of so that they will not feel compelled to I oppose those cuts. economic hardship, and Federal fellow- include home and farm equity in deter- By the same token, however, I be- ship programs targeted specifically to- mining one’s income eligibility, they lieve that Senator SNOWE’S amendment ward graduate students. will not feel compelled to raise the is shortsighted. I believe that we, as The Snowe amendment ignores the origination fee from 3 to 5 percent, and guardians of our children’s future, are long-term impact that terminating they will not feel compelled to elimi- charged with the moral obligation to these programs would have upon the nate an adequate grace period. not only educate our children but also U.S. balance of trade, the GNP and its I know there are some who are op- to insure that there will be jobs avail- consequent U.S. Treasury implication, posed to the offsets, but the commit- able for them to assume once they have and the generation of jobs in America. tees are the ones who are ultimately been educated. To ignore either is irre- Consequently, I oppose this amend- responsible for the way in which we sponsible. ment, and urge my fellow colleagues to provide the restoration of funds. They Now let us take a look at what is on do the same. have the options to pursue other the table. The High-Speed Research Mr. President, I yield the floor. courses. Program was designed to develop AMENDMENT NO. 1128 The fact of the matter is, we have to precompetitive technologies for high- Ms. MIKULSKI. Mr. President, I rise take a responsible course by recom- speed civil transport aircraft. Once de- in opposition to the amendment offered mending ways in which we can reach veloped, the technology is transferred by Senator SNOWE and others that

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00009 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7290 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 24, 1995 would reduce funding for NASA’s Aero- loss of hundreds of thousands of high- cannot support this amendment which nautics Program by $1.1 billion over skilled, high-wage jobs. If the U.S. wins would set an unacceptable precedent the next 5 years. The $1.1 billion reduc- this race, the U.S. market share for for funding mandatory programs with tion proposed in the Snowe amendment commercial aircraft could grow to nonmilitary discretionary program for Aeronautics is in addition to the nearly 80 percent, and create $200 bil- cuts. $800 million reduction proposed for lion in sales and 140,000 new jobs. Mr. DODD. Mr. President, has all NASA’s Aeronautics Program that is Mr. President, I happen to believe time been yielded back? included in the chairman’s mark. that the best social program is a job, The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- The effect of the Snowe amendment and that job creation in America must ator from Maine has 21⁄2 minutes re- would be to eliminate NASA’s Ad- be linked to our manufacturing base. maining. vanced Subsonic Technology Develop- Manufacturing in the new economy of Mrs. HUTCHISON. Mr. President, we ment and High-Speed Research pro- a post-cold war era will require high yield back the remainder of our time. grams which make up the core of technology and competitiveness in the The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the NASA’s Aeronautics program. global marketplace. Senator from Maine yield back her Mr. President, the aeronautics indus- America’s future in manufacturing time? try contributes over 1 million high begins and ends with aeronautics. Com- Ms. SNOWE. I yield back the remain- quality jobs to the U.S. economy and mercial aviation is one of the few areas der of my time. generates $20 to $30 billion in exports of manufacturing where the U.S. con- The PRESIDING OFFICER. All time each year. But U.S. aircraft and engine tinues to export more than we import, has been yielded back. manufacturers must compete on both and where we are able to provide high- Mr. DODD addressed the Chair. cost and technical capability against skilled, high quality jobs for American The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- government-subsidized foreign com- workers. ator from Connecticut. Mr. President, I do not intend to let petition. AMENDMENT NO. 1131 TO AMENDMENT NO. 1128 The European Airbus Consortium al- our commercial aviation industry go the way of the VCR, the automobile, or (Purpose: To restore $28 billion in outlays ready claims more than one-third of over seven years to reduce by $16 billion the commercial aircraft market, a the textile industry. I intend to fight the discretionary cuts proposed in edu- market once dominated by U.S. manu- to keep the U.S. aeronautics industry cation and reduce the reconciliation in- facturers. The goal of Airbus is to con- competitive so that we preserve the structions to the Committee on Labor and trol 50 percent of the global market by jobs we have and the job opportunities Human Resources (primarily affecting stu- the year 2005. needed for the 21st century. dent loans) by $12 billion by closing cor- I do not intend to let the Europeans The Snowe amendment would reduce porate tax loopholes) accomplish their goal, Mr. President. funding for NASA’s Aeronautics Pro- Mr. DODD. Mr. President, I send a gram by two-thirds over the next 5 That is why, when I was chair of the substitute to the desk and ask for its years. The amendment is shortsighted VA–HUD Appropriations Sub- immediate consideration. and threatens our ability to develop a committee, I pushed NASA to expand The PRESIDING OFFICER. The manufacturing strategy for this Na- their research and technology efforts clerk will report. tion. The bill clerk read as follows: in aeronautics. I urge my colleagues to oppose this NASA’s Advanced Subsonic Tech- The Senator from Connecticut [Mr. DODD], amendment. I yield the floor. for himself, Mr. HARKIN, Mr. HOLLINGS, Mr. nology program specifically addresses Mr. BYRD. Mr. President, I oppose future technology needs in next-gen- KENNEDY, Mr. JEFFORDS, Mr. PELL, Mr. the amendment offered by my distin- WELLSTONE, and Mr. SIMON, proposes an eration subsonic aircraft—from large guished colleague from Maine, Senator amendment numbered 1131 to amendment commercial jets to small general avia- SNOWE. I, too, am concerned about the No. 1128. tion aircraft—and the evolving air- deep cuts—$14.6 billion over 7 years—in Mr. DODD. Mr. President, I ask unan- space system. NASA’s role is to de- the William D. Ford Federal Direct imous consent that the reading of the velop high-risk, high-payoff pre-com- Loan and Federal Family Education amendment be dispensed with. petitive technologies to prove tech- Loan Programs which make it possible The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without nical feasibility and then transfer for many of our young people to pursue objection, it is so ordered. these new technologies to the FAA, a higher education. The amendment is as follows: DOD, and U.S. industry. However, I cannot support an amend- Elimination of the Advanced Sub- Strike all after line 1 and insert: ment to restore funding for mandatory On page 3, line 10, increase the amount by sonic Technology program would ter- programs, such as the $6.3 billion for $5,100,000,000. minate NASA’s efforts to develop tech- these student loan programs, by cut- On page 3, line 11, increase the amount by nologies to increase the capacity of the ting nonmilitary discretionary pro- $3,400,000,000. airspace system, to ensure that the ex- grams by an equal amount. In other On page 3, line 12, increase the amount by isting aging aircraft fleet remains safe words, it would not cut military spend- $3,600,000,000. and cost-effective, and that the tech- ing at all, even though it is the only On page 3, line 13, increase the amount by $3,800,000,000. nologies needed for U.S. industry to area of the discretionary budget that meet international environmental, On page 3, line 14, increase the amount by will not be cut under this budget reso- $4,00,000,000. noise, and pollution regulations are lution. Not only is this robbing Peter On page 3, line 15, increase the amount by available. to pay Paul, it violates the Budget En- $4,000,000,000. Mr. President, the Snowe amendment forcement Act of 1990 which prohibits On page 3, line 16, increase the amount by would also wipe out NASA’s High offsetting tax cuts or mandatory pro- $4,100,000,000. Speed Research program which is con- gram expansions with cuts in discre- On page 3, line 20, increase the amount by ducting the early, high-risk technology tionary programs. $5,100,000,000. development needed for an environ- In addition, it is not growth in non- On page 3, line 21, increase the amount by mentally compatible and economically $3,400,000,000. military discretionary programs which On page 3, line 22, increase the amount by competitive high speed civil transport is driving up the Federal deficit. This $3,600,000,000. (HSCT). The goal of this program is de- spending has been at a hard freeze or On page 3, line 23, increase the amount by velop a plane that would fly at more below since 1993. The budget resolution $3,800,000,000. than twice the speed of sound and before us would cut nonmilitary discre- On page 3, line 24, increase the amount by carry 300 passengers over 5,000 nautical tionary programs nearly $200 billion $4,000,000,000. miles at fares competitive with exist- below a freeze over the next 7 years. On page 3, line 25, increase the amount by ing subsonic aircraft. Meanwhile, mandatory programs and $4,000,000,000. Mr. President, the stakes associated On page 4, line 1, increase the amount by tax expenditures will continue to $4,100,000,000. with the development of the HSCT are grow—the latter with no restraint at On page 4, line 18, increase the amount by enormous. If the Europeans are the all under this budget resolution. $5,100,000,000. first to market an HSCT, it will cost No one understands the value of a On page 4, line 19, increase the amount by the U.S. larger trade deficits and the higher education better than I, but I $3,400,000,000.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00010 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7291 On page 4, line 20, increase the amount by On page 65, line 18, increase the amount by U.S. firms from U.S. taxes, which $3,600,000,000. $4,000,000,000. should apply to that income. This On page 4, line 21, increase the amount by On page 65, line 24, increase the amount by change alone generates $26 billion. If $3,800,000,000. $2,400,000,000. On page 4, line 22, increase the amount by On page 65, line 25, increase the amount by you do not want to take all $26 billion, $4,000,000,000. $2,000,000,000. you can reduce that somewhat, since I On page 4, line 23, increase the amount by On page 66, line 6, increase the amount by offer a total of $65 billion in offsets. I $4,000,000,000. $2,000,000,000. understand it may be important to On page 4, line 24, increase the amount by On page 66, line 7, increase the amount by some firms, but we are making tough $4,100,000,000. $2,000,000,000. choices around here. So you have to On page 5, line 4, increase the amount by On page 66, line 13, increase the amount by ask yourself on this one: Should we $2,000,000,000. $5,100,000,000. modify that tax loophole to some de- On page 5, line 5, increase the amount by On page 66, line 14, increase the amount by $3,400,000,000. $2,000,000,000. gree to help pay for the education On page 5, line 6, increase the amount by On page 66, line 20, increase the amount by needs of America? That is my second $3,600,000,000. $2,000,000,000. tax loophole. On page 5, line 7, increase the amount by On page 66, line 21, increase the amount by My third permits U.S. exporters to $3,800,000,000. $2,000,000,000. exempt a portion of their export in- On page 5, line 8, increase the amount by On page 67, line 2, increase the amount by come from U.S. taxation—the House $4,000,000,000. $2,000,000,000. Budget Committee’s figures suggest On page 5, line 9, increase the amount by On page 67, line 3, increase the amount by $4,000,000,000. $2,000,000,000. that this would generate an additional On page 5, line 10, increase the amount by On page 67, line 9, increase the amount by $10.9 billion. Again, you do not have to $4,100,000,000. $2,000,000,000. take all of it here, since there is the On page 5, line 17, increase the amount by On page 67, line 10, increase the amount by other part of the total $65 billion. But $28,300,000,000. $2,000,000,000. can’t we take some of that money and On page 5, line 18, increase the amount by Mr. DODD. Mr. President, I offer this try and restore these funds for the edu- $3,800,000,000. substitute amendment to the Snowe- cational needs of America? On page 5, line 19, increase the amount by Abraham amendment on behalf of my- And last, Mr. President, the one that $3,600,000,000. self and Senators HARKIN, HOLLINGS, On page 5, line 20, increase the amount by provides $26.3 billion is one that inter- $3,800,000,000. KENNEDY, JEFFORDS, PELL, WELLSTONE, acts with the foreign tax credit provi- On page 5, line 21, increase the amount by and SIMON. sions in a way that can effectively ex- $4,000,000,000. As I understand it, there are now 5 empt a portion of a firm’s export in- On page 5, line 22, increase the amount by minutes to be allocated on either side? come from U.S. taxation. It is called $4,000,000,000. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- the inventory property sales source On page 5, line 23, increase the amount by ator is correct. rule exemption. The title is vague to $4,100,000,000. Mr. DODD. Mr. President, I offer this me, but there is what Mr. KASICH said On page 6, line 16, increase the amount by amendment which will restore $28 bil- $5,100,000,000. it does. On page 6, line 17, increase the amount by lion to our education programs. This is So $26.3 billion, $10.9 billion, $26.4 bil- $3,400,000,000. substantially less than the amendment lion and $2.1 billion—that is $65.7 bil- On page 6, line 18, increase the amount by that was offered yesterday by several lion. I would like to get just $28 billion $3,600,000,000. of my colleagues, but this amendment out of that $65 billion to try and shield On page 6, line 19, increase the amount by would reduce the committee’s instruc- students and families from the crush- $3,800,000,000. tion and, thereby, the cuts in student ing blow of these education cuts—and On page 6, line 20, increase the amount by loans by $12 billion and restore $16 bil- preserve their access to higher edu- $4,000,000,000. lion in discretionary cuts in education. On page 6, line 21, increase the amount by cation and continue our partnerships $4,000,000,000. This amendment is also deficit neu- with schools and communities across On page 6, line 22, increase the amount by tral. While certainly in these resolu- this country in elementary and sec- $4,100,000,000. tions it is ultimately up to the com- ondary education. On page 31, line 12, increase the amount by mittees of jurisdiction as to where spe- That is the choice: Whether you want $28,300,000,000. cifically they will make their cuts, I to keep these tax loopholes or restore On page 31, line 20, increase the amount by offset this $28 billion and suggest spe- the $28 billion. We all make tough deci- $3,800,000,000. cifically four areas within the Tax sions. On page 32, line 3, increase the amount by Code that would provide up to $65.7 bil- ASICH $3,600,000,000. Again, this is Mr. K ’s list, this On page 32, line 11, increase the amount by lion in revenues currently lost through is not my list. These are the provisions $3,800,000,000. corporate tax loopholes. he suggested that we ought to be look- On page 32, line 19, increase the amount by These areas were identified in a list ing at as a way to try to deal with def- $4,000,000,000. of corporate tax loopholes compiled by icit reduction. My amendment allows On page 33, line 2, increase the amount by the chairman of the Budget Committee us to take these steps while simulta- $4,000,000,000. on the House side, Mr. KASICH from neously making the kinds of invest- On page 33, line 10, increase the amount by Ohio. Let me identify them specifi- ments families across America need— $4,100,000,000. On page 31, line 13, increase the amount by cally. $12 billion to protect the student loan $5,100,000,000. You can pick $28 billion out of the program and $16 billion to support crit- On page 31, line 21, increase the amount by $65.7 billion they would garner. The ical discretionary programs like Pell $3,400,000,000. issue is choosing between these tax grants, title I, and Head Start. Fami- On page 32, line 4, increase the amount by loopholes or investing in the education lies and students need that kind of $3,600,000,000. of children in this country who need help. On page 32, line 12, increase the amount by higher education and count on the Fed- Mr. President, this is an investment $3,800,000,000. eral investment in critical elementary we must make in our future. Last Con- On page 32, line 20, increase the amount by $4,000,000,000. and secondary programs. gress was hailed as the education Con- On page 33, line 3, increase the amount by One is the expatriate billionaire tax gress. We passed legislation lowering $4,000,000,000. loophole. Closing this loophole gen- student loan costs, Head Start legisla- On page 33, line 11, increase the amount by erates $2.1 billion. Those are people tion that was to move us to fully fund- $4,100,000,000. who leave the country, fly out of Amer- ing all eligible children, the Goals 2000 On page 64, line 9, decrease the amount by ica to avoid their taxes. That is $2.1 legislation offering vital federal sup- $1,100,000,000. billion. So that is part of the choice: port to local efforts to improve our On page 64, line 10, decrease the amount by Helping out those people or children schools. $7,900,000,000. On page 64, line 11, decrease the amount by and students in this country who need With this budget, we back away from $12,000,000,000. an education. our commitment. At this rate we will On page 65, line 17, increase the amount by The second is $26 billion. This cur- need to rename that last act if we are $26,700,000,000. rently shields foreign source income of being honest with the American people.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00011 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7292 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 24, 1995 Why do we not call it Goals 3000 be- $28 billion. Unfortunately, that has million. It cuts services for over 5 mil- cause, obviously, if we continue with been the process, not only here on the lion disabled children served under the the cuts proposed here we are never floor of the Senate but also in the Individuals With Disabilities Edu- going to reach our goals, Goals 2000 be- Budget Committee. There were a num- cation Act by $5 billion. If it is wrong, comes an absolute mirage. It does not ber of Members who offered amend- economically, to cut student aid to exist. As this resolution is, we move ments to increase spending—the accu- provide tax cuts, as my Republican col- the goal posts further down the road mulation of spending of more than $500 leagues seem to concede, then it is cer- and make our education deficit that billion and $77 billion in tax increases tainly wrong to pass these huge cuts to much larger. —but no corresponding amendments to education for younger children. So here is the choice: Billionaire tax reduce Federal spending, which is the The means of bipartisan compromise loophole and some modification of the goal of this budget resolution, and it is is the Dodd amendment. It is a com- treatment of export income or critical also a goal to reach a balanced budget. promise that both sides can strain to investments in education. Yes, we remember offsets. But at reach. It restores a total of $28 billion. Mr. President, I strongly urge that least we are in a position to say to the It does not fully restore the cuts to my colleagues support us in this sub- committee that this is the way in children’s programs. It still reduces the stitute amendment. This gives this which you can arrive at these numbers. number of children served, while we body the opportunity to demonstrate Do you want to make a decision about know that the number of children will that the educational needs of America eliminating aircraft in the executive rise. And, it fully—not partially—re- are just as important—just as impor- branch or raising funds for education? I lieves college students of their part of tant—as the export income or the bil- think the choice is an easy one, and cuts in student loans. lionaire tax loophole. The issue is, do that is what this amendment is all Mr. President, this amendment can you want to defend these interest, or about. help us rebuild the bipartisan con- do you want to defend families who are So I hope that Members of the Senate sensus that education is a priority. We out there making investments in their will oppose the Dodd amendment be- should not cut disadvantaged and dis- children’s educations. Investments cause it is not credible, because it does abled children, and it is economically which fundamentally contribute to the not offer responsible recommendations foolish to do so. I know colleagues on economic security of this Nation in the as to how to arrive at $28 billion worth both sides of the aisle believe this, and 21st century. To turn our backs on the of changes and at the same time do I urge all Senators to support this educational needs of these children and what we think is important by raising amendment. their families I think would be a great funds for education. The Snowe-Abra- Mr. DOMENICI. Do I have 3 minutes tragedy. ham amendment reaches that goal to remaining? The health of a nation depends upon provide the much-needed, very valu- The PRESIDING OFFICER. That is many things. Fiscal responsibility is able school loan assistance programs to correct. clearly one of them, but also an edu- low- and middle-income families all Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I was cated society, a well-prepared society. across America. searching in my mind for what Yogi There are families that are out there So I urge the support of the Snowe- Berra might say about this, but I can- telling their children to stay in school Abraham amendment in opposition to not quite come up with it. ‘‘De´ja` vu all and study hard and do their homework, the Dodd amendment. over again,’’ yes; that sounds right. and go to college. We break a contract The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who See, we just got behind us, we thought, with them when those loans are not yields time? the idea that the way to balance the there or at such a high cost that they AMENDMENT NO. 1131 budget was to raise taxes. We thought cannot avoid them. Fifty percent of all Mr. HOLLINGS. Mr. President, I see we had finished that off and that students in higher education today re- a compromise. I see a way for the bi- maybe so long as we were attempting ceive some form of assistance—one out partisanship to return on education. It to balance the budget by restraining of every two. Yet, here we are slashing is a painful compromise on both sides, Government, since the first effort 2 $14 billion out of these programs while but we must pursue the art of the pos- years ago to balance the budget relied we shield expatriot billionaires from sible. heavily on tax increases and did not their taxes and protect export income. Mr. President, I tried 2 days ago, work and the deficit is still going up, We urge you to support our substitute. with my colleague from Iowa, Senator we thought we ought to restrain Gov- Mrs. HUTCHISON. Mr. President, I HARKIN, to make substantial progress ernment in a very serious way. And the yield 2 minutes to the Senator from toward restoring the cuts to education first real serious opportunity on the Maine. in this budget resolution with an other side to change this budget resolu- Ms. SNOWE. Mr. President, here we amendment to restore $40 billion. That tion significantly is to raise taxes $25 go again. I hope that Members of the amendment was narrowly defeated. billion for a good cause. Senate will oppose this amendment. It Yesterday, my colleague from Ne- Now, frankly, Mr. President, I believe is another generic amendment. You did braska, Senator EXON attempted to re- the American people understand that not hear any specifics, other than the store $30 billion to education, as part of the time has come to balance the budg- $6.3 billion and the $28 billion that a package. That amendment narrowly et by reining in Government, having would be necessary under this amend- failed. less Government, redefining it, doing it ment through corporate welfare reduc- Today, the Republican Senators from better, doing it more efficiently. All of tions and tax loopholes. While we all Maine and Ohio, Senator SNOWE and the arguments about what is happening might agree with that goal, there is no Senator DEWINE have offered a $6.3 bil- to programs that we have in existence specificity. It conveniently lacks speci- lion restoration to student loan cuts. assumes that those programs are the ficity because they do not want to of- We are making progress. Republicans only way to help Americans; that the fend anybody. But that is not the re- have admitted that there is a real prob- only way to help education is the exact sponsible budgetary approach. That is lem in this budget in that it severely array of Federal programs that we why the Snowe-Abraham amendment is cuts education. have right now. And anybody that sug- a credible approach in restoring $6.3 But Mr. President, $6.3 billion for gests you might do it for less, or do it billion in education. student loans still leaves students pay- a different way, of course, they are If you want to make sure that those ing billions more, essentially to pro- against education, or they are against funds are restored, then you must sup- vide tax cuts elsewhere. More impor- highways, or they are against whatever port the Snowe-Abraham amendment. tantly, we should not merely restore it is. The amendment that is before us part of the college student aid cuts So essentially, nobody should mis- now, offered by the Senator from Con- while accepting the 33 percent cuts in understand this amendment, regardless necticut, is illusory. It does not offer this budget resolution to the programs of the rhetoric about loopholes and the any instructions. It leaves potential in- that serve children. This budget resolu- like. The budget resolution does three structions to the appropriate commit- tion cuts the 6 million children served things with reference to taxes, it either tees to determine how they reach the under title I for the disadvantaged to 4 lowers or increases them or it leaves

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00012 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7293 them the same. Essentially, this will On page 35, line 12, increase the amount by side, and I understand there are no sec- increase taxes. I do not believe we $1,000,000,000. ond-degree amendments. Perhaps Sen- On page 35, line 13, increase the amount by should adopt it. At the appropriate ator HATFIELD would like to handle it $1,000,000,000. time, I will move to table it. I will not On page 54, line 20, increase the amount by differently if there are not going to be do it now because obviously it will be $570,000,000. any second-degree amendments. stacked. I hope we will defeat it. It On page 54, line 21, increase the amount by Mr. HATFIELD. I have no preference. clearly would be one of the amend- $172,000,000. Parliamentary inquiry. I am trying to ments that this budget resolution On page 55, line 2, increase the amount by get to the real part of the amendment, should not carry with it as we go to $80,000,000. which is to restore the money to the conference with the House. On page 55, line 3, increase the amount by NIH by offsets in all the other ac- I yield back any remaining time. $368,000,000. On page 55, line 10, increase the amount by counts, with the exception of defense. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under $400,000,000. The one I have sent to the desk in- the previous order, the Senator from On page 55, line 17, increase the amount by cludes defense. That is my personal Oregon is now recognized. $400,000,000. preference, but the votes are not there. AMENDMENT NO. 1132 On page 55, line 24, increase the amount by So I am trying to protect the essence (Purpose: To restore funds cut from the $400,000,000. of the real amendment, which I want to National Institutes of Health) On page 56, line 6, increase the amount by debate, which is my second-degree $400,000,000. amendment that excludes defense. Mr. HATFIELD. Mr. President, I send On page 56, line 13, increase the amount by an amendment to the desk and ask for $400,000,000. The PRESIDING OFFICER. I am told its immediate consideration. On page 65, line 14, decrease the amount by that a second-degree amendment is not The PRESIDING OFFICER. The $430,000,000. in order until all time has been expired clerk will report. On page 65, line 15, decrease the amount by on the first degree. The bill clerk read as follows: $258,000,000. Mr. DOMENICI. Could the Senator On page 65, line 17, increase the amount by The Senator from Oregon [Mr. HATFIELD], not withdraw the first amendment and $430,000,000. offer the second amendment at this for himself and Mr. JEFFORDS, proposes an On page 65, line 18, increase the amount by amendment numbered 1132. $258,000,000. point? Mr. HATFIELD. Mr. President, I ask On page 65, line 21, decrease the amount by The PRESIDING OFFICER. Yes. unanimous consent that reading of the $920,000,000. Mr. HATFIELD. I yield to the re- amendment be dispensed with. On page 65, line 22, decrease the amount by quest of the chairman, and I withdraw The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without $552,000,000. my first amendment on the assumption objection, it is so ordered. On page 65, line 24, increase the amount by that I will be able to debate with my $920,000,000. time allocation on the amendment that The amendment is as follows: On page 65, line 25, increase the amount by On page 11, line 7, decrease the amount by $552,000,000. I want to bring to a vote. $430,000,000. On page 66, line 3, decrease the amount by The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- On page 11, line 8, decrease the amount by $1,000,000,000. ator has that right. $258,000,000. On page 66, line 4, decrease the amount by The amendment (No. 1132) was with- On page 11, line 14, decrease the amount by $600,000,000. drawn. $920,000,000. On page 66, line 6, increase the amount by AMENDMENT NO. 1133 On page 11, line 15, decrease the amount by $1,000,000,000. $552,000,000. On page 66, line 7, increase the amount by (Purpose: To restore funds cut from the On page 11, line 21, decrease the amount by $600,000,000. National Institutes of Health) $1,000,000,000. On page 66, line 10, decrease the amount by Mr. HATFIELD. Mr. President, I send On page 11, line 22, decrease the amount by $1,000,000,000. an amendment to the desk and ask for $600,000,000. On page 66, line 11, decrease the amount by its immediate consideration. On page 12, line 3, decrease the amount by $600,000,000. $1,000,000,000. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The On page 66, line 13, increase the amount by clerk will report. On page 12, line 4, decrease the amount by $1,000,000,000. $600,000,000. On page 66, line 14, increase the amount by The bill clerk read as follows: On page 12, line 10, decrease the amount by $600,000,000. The Senator from Oregon [Mr. HATFIELD], $1,000,000,000. On page 66, line 17, decrease the amount by for himself and Mr. JEFFORDS, Mr. SPECTER, On page 12, line 11, decrease the amount by $1,000,000,000. Mrs. KASSEBAUM, and Mr. D’AMATO proposes $600,000,000. On page 66, line 18, decrease the amount by an amendment numbered 1133. On page 12, line 17, decrease the amount by $600,000,000. Mr. HATFIELD. Mr. President, I ask $1,000,000,000. On page 66, line 20, increase the amount by On page 12, line 18, decrease the amount by unanimous consent that reading of the $1,000,000,000. amendment be dispensed with. $600,000,000. On page 66, line 21, increase the amount by On page 12, line 24, decrease the amount by $600,000,000. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without $1,000,000,000. On page 66, line 24, decrease the amount by objection, it is so ordered. On page 12, line 25, decrease the amount by $1,000,000,000. The amendment is as follows: $600,000,000. On page 66, line 25, decrease the amount by On page 33, line 19, increase the amount by On page 33, line 19, increase the amount by $600,000,000. $1,000,000,000. $1,000,000,000. On page 67, line 2, increase the amount by On page 33, line 20, increase the amount by On page 33, line 20, increase the amount by $1,000,000,000. $430,000,000. $430,000,000. On page 67, line 3, increase the amount by On page 34, line 2, increase the amount by On page 34, line 2, increase the amount by $600,000,000. $1,000,000,000. $1,000,000,000. On page 67, line 6, decrease the amount by On page 34, line 3, increase the amount by On page 34, line 3, increase the amount by $1,000,000,000. $920,000,000. $920,000,000. On page 67, line 7, decrease the amount by On page 34, line 9, increase the amount by On page 34, line 9, increase the amount by $600,000,000. $1,000,000,000. $1,000,000,000. On page 67, line 9, increase the amount by On page 34, line 10, increase the amount by On page 34, line 10, increase the amount by $1,000,000,000. $1,000,000,000. $1,000,000,000. On page 34, line 16, increase the amount by On page 67, line 10, increase the amount by On page 34, line 16, increase the amount by $1,000,000,000. $600,000,000. $1,000,000,000. On page 34, line 17, increase the amount by Mr. HATFIELD. Mr. President, I ask On page 34, line 17, increase the amount by $1,000,000,000. for the yeas and nays on my amend- $1,000,000,000. On page 34, line 23, increase the amount by ment. On page 34, line 23, increase the amount by $1,000,000,000. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there a $1,000,000,000. On page 34, line 24, increase the amount by On page 34, line 24, increase the amount by sufficient second? $1,000,000,000. $1,000,000,000. On page 35, line 5, increase the amount by There is a sufficient second. On page 35, line 5, increase the amount by $1,000,000,000. The yeas and nays were ordered. $1,000,000,000. On page 35, line 6, increase the amount by Mr. DOMENICI. If the chairman will On page 35, line 6, increase the amount by $1,000,000,000. yield, I have conferred with the other $1,000,000,000.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00013 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7294 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 24, 1995 On page 35, line 12, increase the amount by at least a glimmer of hope for achiev- U.S. Senate can ignore the fact that $1,000,000,000. ing the necessary breakthroughs to the only thing the American people On page 35, line 13, increase the amount by deal with the ravages of cancer, and have said is raise our taxes if nec- $1,000,000,000. breast cancer in particular. essary, and we will tell Members by a On page 54, line 20, increase the amount by $1,000,000,000. The amendment of Senator HATFIELD 30 percent margin that dollars ex- On page 54, line 21, increase the amount by will go a long way toward holding citi- pended for medical research should be $430,000,000. zens harmless in this area. There would the top priority of our country. This is On page 55, line 2, increase the amount by be a slight reduction of about 1 per- not one politician speaking to another $1,000,000,000. cent. Far better that 1 percent reduc- politician. This is the voice of the peo- On page 55, line 3, increase the amount by tion than one that might reach as ple saying, ‘‘We want to increase med- $920,000,000. much as 15 to 16 percent. That, I be- ical research.’’ We have had polls show On page 55, line 9, increase the amount by lieve, would not be the kind of invest- $1,000,000,000. they would pay another $1 per week on On page 55, line 10, increase the amount by ment in the future that we are at- their medical premiums in order for it $1,000,000,000. tempting to bring about as we work to to be earmarked for medical research. On page 55, line 16, increase the amount by make a better future for all Americans, We have had polls show they would $1,000,000,000. those whom we are protecting now and take another $1 per week in their in- On page 55, line 17, increase the amount by future generations. come tax if it could be earmarked for $1,000,000,000. I believe that is why this amendment medical research. On page 55, line 23, increase the amount by is important and why it makes sense. I Somehow the political establishment $1,000,000,000. strongly urge its support. I thank the On page 55, line 24, increase the amount by of the executive branch, led by the $1,000,000,000. Senator for raising this very important President, and the congressional On page 56, line 5, increase the amount by issue. branches, led by the two House and $1,000,000,000. Mr. HATFIELD. I thank the Senator Senate budget resolution committees, On page 56, line 6, increase the amount by from New York. do not hear that. $1,000,000,000. Mr. President, I offer this amend- Now, I am not going to get into a lot On page 56, line 12, increase the amount by ment on behalf of Senator SPECTER of of detail except to say we are making $1,000,000,000. Pennsylvania and Senator KASSEBAUM tremendous progress in warring On page 56, line 13, increase the amount by of Kansas. There will be other cospon- against many diseases. It was only half $1,000,000,000. sors that we will add as we go along. a dozen years ago we had a handful of Mr. DOMENICI. Will the Senator Mr. President, fundamentally, what dollars dedicated to Alzheimer’s re- yield for a unanimous-consent request? we are facing here is a prelude to dis- search. Mr. HATFIELD. Yes. aster as it relates to medical research I have a personal interest in Alz- Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I ask and medical science in this country. heimer’s. I watched my father die from unanimous consent that no second-de- We are really, in this session of the Alzheimer’s. I can say it is as difficult gree amendments be in order to the Congress, being offered three possibili- for the family as it is difficult for the HATFIELD amendment that is pending. ties, three options. Each one of the victim. It is difficult for all those The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without three options has the same ending re- around him or her. I will not go into objection, it is so ordered. sult. the gory details because most people Mr. HATFIELD. Mr. President, I ask We have the President’s budget. The around here have seen that kind of unanimous consent to add Senator President’s budget, if we vote this deadly disease attack and destroy peo- D’AMATO as a cosponsor on this amend- line—my visual aid supporting chart ple. ment. for 1996—the President raises the NIH Mr. President, we could not even di- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without appropriation budget proposal by 4.1 agnose Alzheimer’s short of an autopsy objection, it is so ordered. percent. Like so many things in poli- a few years ago. Now we have built it Mr. HATFIELD. Mr. President, I now tics, it is a shell game. You see it and over the years to about $210 million of understand I have a 2-hour, equally di- then you do not see it. You think you research money dedicated to Alz- vided time allocation to consider this have it, and then you do not have it. heimer’s. We have made breakthrough amendment. After the first year of 1996 of raising after breakthrough, both in gene anal- Mr. President, I would like to yield 1 this up by 4.1 percent, then the Presi- ysis and identification, as well as minute to the Senator from New York dent’s budget says—look at that drop. treatment and diagnosis. to make a statement on this amend- By the year 2000, we will take $1 billion When we say to the medical struc- ment. away from medical research in this ture of this country, take $1 billion out Mr. D’AMATO. Mr. President, I rise country. This amendment is bipar- of the $11.3 billion—10 percent—in 1 to support and am pleased to join as a tisan. The President is offering to de- year, it is like in this country when we cosponsor of Senator HATFIELD’s molish our medical research infra- shut down the sawmill for a lack of amendment. structure on a slow-water-drip system. logs and lose our chief sawyer, that We are talking about making cuts in Then we have the House resolution. company does not reassemble that order to balance our budget and pro- The House resolution says, ‘‘Well, by team that makes that mill work a vide a better future for coming genera- 1996, next year, we want to drop it 5 month later when a supply is received, tions. Yet I believe we have to be very percent,’’ and then we steady income or 2 months later. careful about how we make those cuts out here whereby we again find the end When the company begins to build and where. result of a dramatic reduction in the the infrastructure of medical research, In the amendment that has been put budget for the NIH. and once it is there, the company does forth, Senator HATFIELD would restore Not to be outdone by the White not rebuild it because maybe 2 years $7 billion of the $7.7 billion that would House, not to be outdone by the House down the road they decided they made otherwise come out of the National In- of Representatives, the Senate budget a mistake. stitutes of Health. resolution that is pending before the We have had the decade of the brain. I have to say, representing as I do Senate today said, ‘‘Oh, we will make a Mr. President, 5 years have passed and New York, and Long Island in par- quicker death. We are going to say a major part of that 5 years is building ticular, we are being ravaged by an epi- take $1 billion out between 1995 and 130 scientists into an infrastructure in demic of cancer, breast cancer in par- 1996.’’ In fact, in excess of $1 billion. By this country. Now it at a point where ticular. Breast cancer rates in the the time we get to 2000 we will have the payoff comes, we are about ready Long Island counties of Nassau and taken $7.7 billion out of the medical re- to start dismantling. Suffolk rank first and fourth highest search of this country that leads to Now, let me get a point of contrast. respectively among the 116 largest U.S. cures and leads to better treatment of We have literally thousands of diseases counties. disease. in this country on which no research— We cannot afford to reduce the fund- That is it, simply straightforward. I no research—is being conducted, thou- ing for this vital research that provides cannot believe that the body of the sands of diseases in which there is no

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00014 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7295 national registry to even know how BORNE PELL. Do you realize we are It is the toughest series of votes which many people have the disease or where spending this year $26 million for Par- I have seen in my 141⁄2 years in the U.S. they are located. No registry. They are kinson’s research—$26 million. You say Senate. It has been very carefully called orphan diseases. Thousands of that is a lot of money—yes, it is a lot crafted by the Budget Committee, them. of money. We are spending over $1 bil- under the leadership of Senator DOMEN- The most important factor that is lion for heart; $2 billion for AIDS; an- ICI, who has great respect in this body missing is no hope. No hope. We have other $1 billion-plus for cancer, as we on all counts. We have seen a series of been trying to attack that gradually should, and I helped to fight for every amendments defeated so far on the by serendipity, meeting a young man one of those dollars, and I would defend budget resolution, many of which I in a wheelchair 15 years of age with every one of those dollars. All I am would have liked to have voted for. But EB, epidermolysis bullosa. At that saying is, for Parkinson’s, $26 million. we have to make some really ex- point, no registry. At that point, no re- Take a 16- to 20-percent decrease on tremely tough choices which I think search money. It is like leprosy. They $26 million for Parkinson’s and you we are making. I believe this is a his- lose their fingers. It is a pigmentation have a bigger impact than taking a 16- toric time for the U.S. Government to problem. Sores break out all over their to 20-percent reduction, say, on cancer balance the budget. bodies. They cannot handle even this or heart, which is in excess—almost $2 Substantial efforts were made fol- kind of artificial light, let alone sun- billion each. So it is disproportionate lowing the election of President light. And they die at a very early age. in its impact. And I think this would Reagan in 1981, when we considered a This young man was so impressive with then give us an opportunity to keep budget resolution some 14 years ago, his eloquence, we wheeled him right our commitment to the sick and those but there was not the political will at into the Committee on Appropriations who have no hope for cure. that time to balance the budget. We and we made a line item. If I ever had If my friends are not interested in did not have Republican control of the a reason to fight a line item veto, the the humanitarian aspect of reducing House of Representatives, with, can- whole concept of vetoing a line item— suffering and putting the value on didly, the political determination to this was to get a line item in the ap- human life—and quality life, not just balance the budget. propriations that year to start a reg- quantitative life—I hope we would sup- That time is now. In order to balance istry, starting a research project for port this because I am convinced it is the budget we have had to turn down EB, and giving hope for those people. the answer. If you are not impressed some requests on amendments which I That is not the way to run it, just be- with that factor, then look at the cost. think were very, very attractive. It cause I met someone like that. There We have saved billions of dollars per was very, very difficult to vote against are thousands of them out there all year in what we have been able to ac- the amendment which offered addi- over this country. complish in medical research with TB. tional funding for education because I I want to also say there is a point of Now we are having a revival of TB. We am very much concerned about the reference and comparison. This same have Zaire and the Ebola problem over cuts in this budget resolution on edu- budget resolution calls for a $800 mil- there, that is a threat to this country. cation. I am very much concerned lion increase in research in nuclear Every time we used to want to get an about the cuts in this budget on Medi- weaponry. Yes, $800 million increase increase in military spending we could care and Medicaid. And I have heard and they are calling for a $1 billion cut say, ‘‘The Russians are coming,’’ and, from constituents about the dev- in medical research. Oh, we have to boy, everybody would jack up another astating impact of what the Medicare protect our bombs but we cannot really $1 million. I want to tell you, ‘‘The vi- cuts will do in closing hospitals, and ruses are coming.’’ They are here. And protect our people. I am saying this is not marginal hospitals but hospitals we better get ready for that warfare be- a value of people over bombs. I would which are very important across this cause we need this kind of weaponry to like to have included the military re- country, providing very vital services fight it. for the people of America. search dollars. The 18 months of mili- Mr. EXON. Will the Senator yield for But it seems to me if we are going to tary research in this country leading a question? us to be more efficient—we say at de- Mr. HATFIELD. Yes. I will be very move to a balanced budget we are fending our country, but at the same happy to. But first of all may I yield to going to have to have belt tightening time, cluster bombs in order to in- my cosponsor, who has not had an op- all across the board. I personally would crease the capacity to destroy life—is portunity to make an opening state- very much have liked to have voted for the equivalent of 95 years of medical ment and then I will be happy to yield the amendment yesterday on a tax cut. research in the NIH; 18 months. That is for questions. Who would not like to have a tax cut in a real value. Mr. EXON. Certainly. America? But the difficulty with the But I do not have the votes. So we Mr. HATFIELD. I yield at this time amendment was present in the addi- still have this power of the military to Senator SPECTER, whatever time he tional cuts which would have been that says, ‘‘Do not include us in any re- needs. present for other very important items, ductions. We only can handle increases. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- and also in the direction of the tax cuts Reduce the medical research pro- ator from Pennsylvania is recognized. not being directed with sufficient depth grams.’’ Mr. SPECTER. Mr. President, I and specificity at the lower income All this does is to face reality that thank my distinguished colleague, the groups and raising the concern about we exclude the military, that sac- chairman of the Appropriations Com- too much of a tax cut for wealthier rosanct military. We are going to ex- mittee, for yielding time to me. I com- Americans at a time when we are going clude it. But at the same time we are pliment him for his leadership gen- to be cutting very many important going to reshuffle all of the other ac- erally, and especially on this amend- programs which impact across the counts and say, by putting the priority ment for his very spirited and eloquent board, and many on the poor. on medical research, the others are articulation of the reasons for this The amount offered yesterday on in- going to be reduced 5 percent. amendment. creasing national defense was a very I enjoyed a little personal therapy by I am pleased to join Senator HAT- attractive amendment. But there again those last few statements. Now we get FIELD as a cosponsor, along with Sen- the difficulty is that it would have re- back to the reality of saying we have ator KASSEBAUM, Senator MACK, and sulted in cuts in other programs and to reach this kind of agreement. I am there may be others who will join in added to the deficit. happy to say I think, even though I cosponsoring this very, very important I think that in the amendment which would like to have a broader base, I am amendment. we are now considering, to have a res- willing to settle for the narrower base Senator HATFIELD has added the toration of part of the budget cut on in order to save the medical structure, name of Senator KENNEDY to the list as the National Institutes of Health, that research structure of this country. original cosponsor here, along with we are going to have the strong bipar- I hope some of my colleagues realize Senator JEFFORDS. tisan support which was not present to we have had a colleague recently diag- The consideration of this budget res- increase funding or restore funding for nosed with Parkinson’s, Senator CLAI- olution is very important to America. education, or the bipartisan support

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00015 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7296 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 24, 1995 which was necessary to restore funding creasing the incidence by half, which this amendment. Once I fulfill that ob- for Medicare and Medicaid. I believe would mean an annual cost saving of ligation to my colleagues, I will be that we have this bipartisan support some $50 billion. very happy to consider that. because of the unique importance of Alcoholism, the No. 1 drug problem Mr. EXON. I will simply add there what the National Institutes of Health in the United States, is on the verge of have been Senators coming to me does for America. significant advances, if not a cure, with wanting 10 to 20 minutes. I have cut In the 141⁄2 years that I have been on the savings of some $100 billion a year. them most down to 1 or 2 minutes. the Appropriations Subcommittee on Osteoporosis leads to 1.5 million frac- If I might courteously suggest that if Labor, Health and Human Services, tures each year, affecting 140,000 peo- we had some time constraints, I believe and Education, which I now chair, we ple, and with the potential for saving everything good can be said about this have maintained an increasing amount of some $5 billion. amendment in a minute if people of funding year by year, notwith- I know the time is short, Mr. Presi- choose their words very carefully. standing proposed budget cuts vir- dent. Mr. HATFIELD. I thank the Senator. tually every year from the administra- So I shall not go on with the list of Mr. President, I have a list. My other tion, and it has been a bipartisan ef- really remarkable achievements which chief cosponsors are Senator KASSE- fort, once under the chairmanship of have been made and are right around BAUM, Senator BOXER, Senator KEN- Senator Weicker, then under the chair- the corner. NEDY, Senator MACK, and others. As manship of Senator Lawton Chiles, But I will say, chairing the Sub- soon as we complete those, I would be then under the chairmanship of Sen- committee on Labor, Health and very happy to consider yielding back ator TOM HARKIN, and now with my Human Services, and Education, and the time. chairmanship. having been on the Appropriations I would like at this time to yield to We had a hearing last Thursday at- Committee for 141⁄2 years, that there is the Senator from Kansas. tended by the distinguished chairman no more important funding item in the Mrs. KASSEBAUM. Mr. President, I of the full committee, where we heard budget to restore, and we are not re- would ask for a couple of minutes. I of the devastating impact of what storing it all, but to restore the certainly appreciate the time con- these budget cuts would do to medical amount proposed in the pending straints. research in the United States. amendment. I think every Senator in the Chamber There is not time enough to go I thank the Chair. I thank my col- is a supporter of the National Insti- through the entire array of very power- league. tutes of Health and recognizes the im- ful arguments and very powerful con- Mr. EXON. Will the chairman yield portance of the work done there. siderations. But let me start with a for a question? I myself am a strong supporter of the few. The question I have for my great importance of continuing basic re- At the present time, the National In- friend and colleague I want to preface search. stitutes of Health funds less than 1 in 4 by saying the chairman knows of my I think Senator HATFIELD, who has grant applications. If funding were cut fondness for him and the many years initiated this amendment, has spoken by 10 percent, that grant rate might that we have worked. I have never seen eloquently of the importance of those decrease to as much as 1 in 10. There a finer presentation, I say to my friend needs. Senator SPECTER has spoken as would be a drastic reduction in clinical from Oregon. I do not disagree with a well. trials to initiate promising new treat- single thing he has said. I think he said Mr. President, I am pleased to join ments leaving the application of re- it all very, very well. with Senators HATFIELD and SPECTER search findings for the patients on an I cannot think of a more important and eight other cosponsors in offering untested basis. amendment that will pass. I think this an amendment to the fiscal year 1996 There would be a cataclysmic con- amendment will pass. I know of no ob- budget resolution which is designed to sequence with over 80 percent of the jection to it on this side. I just checked protect funding for the National Insti- NIH budget being cut with support with Senator DOMENICI. He knows of no tutes of Health. Our amendment, which from colleges, universities, medical objection on his side of the aisle. I adds $1 billion annually to budget func- schools, and research institutes think the case has been adequately tion 550, is intended to restore the 10- throughout the country. made. percent reduction in NIH funding as- We are on the brink of having ex- I have a list of 23 Democratic Sen- sumed by the Budget Committee. In traordinary advances in medical re- ators, and heaven knows how many on order to assure the health of our citi- search on gene therapy on a whole that side of the aisle, that have other zens—through continued support of our range of very, very devastating ill- important matters, and we run out of nation’s biomedical research—I urge nesses in America. time at noon today on the amendment. my colleagues to join with us in sup- Let me name just a few. Last year I am just wondering, since I think porting this amendment. the National Institutes of Health dis- there seems to be near unanimous sup- To offset the additional NIH funding, covered a breast cancer susceptibility port for the amendment, if there is any our amendment would reduce spending gene, and the NIH is now closing in on way that we can cut down some of the in various discretionary accounts by the gene which causes breast cancer, time to allow some of these other Sen- 0.58 percent. The budget functions which would be really a remarkable ators a chance to offer their amend- which would be excluded from these re- achievement on a terrifying disease ments. Because of the time con- ductions are: defense; international af- which strikes 1 of 9 women in America. straints, because I would not want to fairs; education, training, and employ- The problems on heart disease, car- see any of our colleagues have a heart ment; income security; Medicare; So- diovascular disease, which is still the attack or apoplexy for fear that they cial Security; and net interest. number one killer of both men and are not able to talk on their amend- NIH-supported biomedical research women, causing 43 percent of all deaths ment, I am just wondering, my ques- has a proud history of scientific break- each year; delaying the onset of heart tion is can we get some time agree- throughs. Many of my colleagues will disease by 5 years, which is right ment if we would agree to yield back remember the iron lungs which once around the corner, would save almost our whole hour of the time? I know of ventilated individuals after their bod- $70 billion annually. no opposition on this side. Could we get ies had been ravaged by the polio virus. When we take a look at the kind of an agreement to cut down the remain- Because of biomedical research, we no economic savings which come from ing 50 minutes or so that the chairman longer face the threat of this disease. this research from NIH, it is really re- has? I think he has made his case very In fact, experts at the Centers for Dis- markable. well. ease Control and Prevention now pre- Alzheimer’s disease, such an over- Mr. HATFIELD. Mr. President, I dict that the polio virus could soon be whelming emotional problem in Amer- would be very happy to work out an ar- eradicated from this planet. ica today for those who suffer from rangement. I have a list here of about The vitality of these efforts is main- Alzheimer’s and their families; the a dozen Senators who have asked for a tained today. For example, through the medical research is on the brink of de- few minutes to express themselves on human genome project, scientists have

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00016 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7297 identified a gene linked to breast can- Mr. President, I urge my colleagues Senator from Oregon I am a realist. I cer. Using this information, health to consider this amendment carefully. am a realist, and I wish to see this care providers may one day decrease Its effect would be to improve the funding be restored to the NIH. We are the burden of this disease, which now health of our Nation’s citizens by sup- one plane ride away from a major epi- attacks one in nine women. porting funding for biomedical re- demic. We read with horror about this I am concerned about the detri- search through the NIH. The effort of Ebola virus. Anyone who has read the mental impact of the NIH reductions NIH has and will continue to create a book ‘‘The Hot Zone’’ understands the assumed by the Budget Committee. I national environment in which bio- tenuous position we are in in this very believe, that biomedical research ad- medical research and health flourish. world in which we now live. As we lose vancement—and breakthroughs—could Mr. HATFIELD. Mr. President, I the rain forests of the world, what sci- slow dramatically. would like to yield 3 minutes to the entists are discovering is that viruses The committee, in its report on this Senator from California. that live in the rain forests are looking resolution, lays out a thoughtful argu- Mr. President, in yielding to the Sen- for other hosts, and they are finding us. ment in support of this budget reduc- ator from California, she was facing So to cut back on the National Insti- tion. As noted in the report, it is true the same issue, I understand, in her tutes of Health, which is our first line that the NIH has seen a real budget committee work, and I wish to thank of defense against these diseases, would growth over the last decade. In real the Senator for laying the foundation be worse than outrageous. terms, after adjusting for biomedical at that time. I ask unanimous consent to include research inflation, the budget for 1993 Mrs. BOXER. I thank my friend very in the RECORD at this point a letter was 47 percent greater than it was a much. I will be brief because I think so from the University of California, decade earlier. It is also true that pri- much has already been said on this. Irvine, and I would close with a quote vate sector contributions to biomedical I simply want to add my voice in sup- from the dean of the college of medi- research have increased. port of the Senator from Oregon. I did, cine there, Thomas C. Cesario. He says: At the same time, I do not believe it in fact, offer a similar amendment in With Federal support, the University has is wise to propose reductions based on the Budget Committee. However, I achieved remarkable breakthroughs in med- this recent growth in NIH funding. took the funds out of the little tax ical research which prevent, control, or re- These reductions will leave many bio- cut—honey pot—that was squirreled verse disease, saving lives and millions of dollars in medical care. medical researchers and their advance- away by our chairman and there was And he just says that the UC doctors ments stranded. In many areas, sci- no support from the Republican side there with Federal funds were first to entists are on the verge of amazing dis- for using that as an offset. identify the lack of a gene as a cause of coveries. Because the average length of I truly understand the frustration ex- disease. They developed a blood test for an NIH award is nearly 4 years, cuts of pressed by the Senator from Oregon. the genetic defect that causes Tay- this magnitude will require an adjust- He wanted to cut across the board and Sachs, and it goes on and on. include in the cut to pay for this NIH ment period. We need to consider ways I see my time has run out. So again increase the military budget. I think to ensure that promising research re- let me add my voice to the Senator ceives new funding, while we honor ex- the Senator is wise not to offer that up from Oregon. I thank the Senator so isting research commitments. because there are not the votes here to much for picking up this fight in this Mr. President, the $1 billion which do that, but I wish to spend just a Chamber. I am with the Senator all the this amendment would add back to the minute talking about that and adding way. NIH allows for a smooth transition. my voice to that of the Senator from I yield the floor. Even with this add-back, real funding Oregon. There being no objection, the letter for NIH will decrease over the next 7 I think the people of this country un- was ordered to be printed in the years. In fact, if we assume a 5 percent derstand that the cold war is over, and RECORD, as follows: I think the people of this country un- annual biomedical research inflation, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, IRVINE, maintaining NIH funding at its 1995 derstand we are the only superpower, COLLEGE OF MEDICINE, level would still result in a real fund- and I think the people of this country Irvine, CA, May 22, 1995. ing reduction of nearly 5 percent in the understand that we are spending 21⁄2 Hon. BARBARA BOXER, first year and 35 percent 7 years from times more than all of the potential Hart Senate Office Building, Washington, DC. now. enemies combined in the world, and DEAR SENATOR BOXER: I am writing to ex- As chairman of the Committee on that includes on the list the potential press my deepest concern over the funding cuts to the National Institutes of Health Labor and Human Resources, I am enemies Russia and China. The fact is that have been assumed in the Committee’s committed to working with the Na- if you add the spending of the NATO Budget Resolution and to thank you for your tional Institutes of Health and our Na- countries, America and the NATO tremendous effort to restore funding during tion’s biomedical researchers to find countries are spending 51⁄2 times more the Committee’s consideration of the NIH ways to adjust to our current budget than all the potential enemies in the bill. limitations. However, accomplishing world. According to the committee report, the this goal will require thoughtful con- What are the real enemies that we Senate Budget Committee recommends a 10 sideration and careful deliberation. face on a daily basis in America? I percent cut for the NIH budget in FY 1996, and then a freeze of the NIH budget at this As the Labor Committee begins to would say the daily enemies we face lower level through 2002. This means that consider the reauthorization of the Na- are the prospect of disease striking a the NIH budget would be cut from $11.3 bil- tional Institutes of Health, I welcome loved one. Alzheimer’s has been dis- lion in FY 1995 to $10.2 billion in FY 1996, and the suggestions of my colleagues. I in- cussed, osteoporosis, breast cancer, then frozen at $10.2 billion through 2002. Cuts tend to examine organizational and AIDS, prostate cancer, lung cancer, di- of this magnitude would be devastating to structural changes at the NIH which abetes, scleroderma, something many our nation’s biomedical research enterprise. could lead to some budget savings. people do not know about, which is a The NIH is one of the country’s most re- This effort may include reexamining soft tissue disease which is disfiguring spected and revered research institutions, the need for the current 23 institutes, setting international standards for excel- and frightening and strikes young lence for basic and clinical biomedical and centers, and divisions. Another ap- women; strokes, Parkinson’s disease. behavorial research and ensuring that med- proach will be to review the amount of There are so many others. ical care in the United States is the best in research funding which the NIH cur- The fact is, I say to my colleagues, the world. Many people literally owe their rently devotes to indirect research these are the enemies that we face, and lives to NIH-funded research. costs. Finally, I also believe that we to retreat from this war would be ludi- These cuts represent a serious retreat from will need to reexamine how the NIH crous. the national support given to medical inno- makes its grants to ensure that the Now, it hurts my heart to vote to cut vation. They would be devastating to the NIH mission. NIH projects that with a 10 per- most promising areas for research ad- other domestic programs. It breaks my cent reduction in its budget the success rate vancement receive funding, while fund- heart. I think it is outrageous that we for competing research project grants would ing for basic biomedical research is do not have the votes here to include fall from its current overall level of 24 per- maintained. defense in a small cut, but like the cent in FY 1995 to between 6 percent and 12

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00017 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7298 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 24, 1995 percent in FY 1996. The potential loss in new American values and are really speak- I thank the Chair. life saving discoveries is incalculable. We ing for mankind all over the world in Mr. HATFIELD. Mr. President, I know that few, if any, new clinical trials the restoration of this funding for the could be instigated and other NIH mecha- yield 2 minutes to the Senator from National Institutes of Health. This New Mexico. nisms of support would be decimated. budget is permeated with penny-wise Cuts to NIH would certainly wreak havoc The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- and pound-foolish mentality that val- throughout the University of California’s re- ator from New Mexico. ues short-term savings today over in- search institutions. About 85 percent of the Mr. BINGAMAN. I thank the Chair. I NIH’s appropriation is expended on extra- vestments that will improve the life of mural research conducted in all 50 states. the Nation tomorrow. thank the Senator from Oregon. The University of California operates the There is no better example of these Mr. President, I support the amend- largest health science program in the na- misplaced priorities than the meat-ax ment of the Senator from Oregon. I tion—with five schools of medicine. Last cuts in the National Institutes of also want to point out that the prob- year UC received about $650 million for ex- Health. It is truly a great success in lem he identifies with medical research tramural grants university-wide. Three of terms of research, and it maintains re- funding is part of a larger problem that our five medical schools were ranked among spect throughout the world. The NIH is the top 15 institutions for receipt of extra- we are trying to address in another mural research awards for FY 1993 and all not just a source of excellence to those amendment that will come up for a fell within the top 100 institutions. of us on the floor of the Senate. It is vote later today. That is the amend- With federal support, the University has recognized throughout the world. ment related to civilian research more achieved remarkable breakthroughs in med- The NIH is the symbol of excellence generally. ical research which prevent control of re- in medical research. Its achievements The Senator from Oregon made the verse disease, saving lives and millions of are world renowned. Dollar for dollar, point that the proposed budget as it dollars in medical care; UC doctors: it is among the wisest and most pro- now stands in the area of medical re- were first to identify the lack of a gene as ductive investments the Nation has a cause of disease; search is a prelude to disaster. I would developed a blood test for the genetic de- ever made. It is the source of America’s say that the same point could be made fect that causes Tay-Sachs disease; international preeminence in indus- about civilian research generally in created the first human vaccine by genetic tries such as pharmaceuticals, bio- this country. engineering; technology, and medical devices. Talk were among the first three groups in the to any leaders of these industries, and I would address people’s attention to world to isolate the AIDS virus; they will tell you that without the this chart which shows Federal civilian found a quick method to determine if in- basic research of the NIH, progress in R&D as a percentage of the gross do- fants were infected with the AIDS virus; mestic product of this country from developed an artificial ankle to replace their industry would slow to a crawl, and America’s international competi- the period 1961 through the end of the joints damaged by arthritis; century, the last portion, of course, adapted a heart pump implant to pump in- tiveness would fail. sulin in diabetics thus eliminating the need Above all, we need NIH research be- being the projected level of funding for for daily insulin injections; cause of its indispensable role in im- civilian research and development. developed a procedure that restores hear- proving the health of the American This chart includes the figures for ing by replacing damaged middle ear bones people. In recent years, biomedical re- the National Institutes of Health, with sculpted cartilage. search supported by the NIH has led to about which the Senator from Oregon In addition, the University has been an in- is speaking. It shows that we will be cubator for the rapidly growing bio- new and more cost-effective treat- technology industry in California. California ments for cancer, heart disease, diabe- dropping to an unprecedented low in has the largest concentration of the nation’s tes, and a wide range of infectious dis- our level of support for civilian re- biotechnology companies and 28 percent of eases. More than a million premature search if we go ahead with the budget high tech medical device firms in the nation. deaths from heart disease alone were as it presently stands. The University of California at San Fran- prevented by improved cardiovascular The amendment the Senator from Or- cisco and San Diego alone account for more programs and innovative treatments egon proposes will cure the problem as than 50 new companies pursuing life saving developed by NIH research in the past it relates to the National Institutes of medical drugs and devices from AIDS, cancer quarter century. Health. The larger amendment that I and heart disease to genetic disorders like With mushrooming new discoveries cystic fibrosis and multiple sclerosis. have proposed with Senators Cuts to NIH cut the lifeline of biomedical in biotechnology, we stand on the LIEBERMAN and ROCKEFELLER and HOL- research. The devastation would be felt for threshold of even greater progress in LINGS and BIDEN deals with the larger years to come. The pace of scientific dis- the years ahead in the conquest of issue of civilian research, and it is nec- covery would slow and cures for diseases like dread diseases. There is no American essary also if we are going to avoid the AIDS and cancer would be delayed. Even family that has not lost a loved one or same kind of precipitous drop in Fed- worse, biomedical research would be essen- a close friend to the ravages of heart tially eliminated as a career track for a eral support for civilian research that disease, cancer, diabetes, or Alz- is contemplated in the present budget. whole generation of young people. heimer’s disease. Why would anyone I urge you to do all you can to restore I thank the Senator and I support his curtail the extraordinary progress that funding to the NIH during the Senate’s con- amendment strongly. is possible? sideration of the Budget Resolution. Mr. HATFIELD. I thank the Senator Sincerely, If the cuts in this budget resolution from New Mexico. THOMAS C. CESARIO, M.D., are approved, only 10 percent of meri- Dean, College of Medicine. torious research will be funded, accord- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- Mr. HATFIELD. I thank the Senator ing to the NIH’s own estimates. Cur- ator from Oregon. from Oregon. rently, ninety scientists have received Mr. HATFIELD. I yield 1 minute to The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- Nobel prizes for research funded in the Senator from Minnesota. ator from Oregon. whole or in part by the NIH. With these The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- Mr. HATFIELD. Mr. President, again cuts, young researchers will leave the ator from Minnesota. I am going back to the list of those field because they cannot find support Mr. WELLSTONE. I thank the Chair. who have made their request to be for their investigations. Careers in bio- heard. I would yield 2 minutes to Sen- medical research will be less attractive Mr. President, I asked the Senator ator KENNEDY, 3 minutes. to the brightest minds of this genera- from Oregon only for a minute because Mr. KENNEDY. Two minutes will be tion of college students. Worst of all, it I am one of those Senators who later fine. is no exaggeration to say that because on wants to speak to other amend- Mr. HATFIELD. Two minutes to Sen- of these cuts, Americans will die who ments, and I know we are in a time ator KENNEDY from Massachusetts. would have been saved. crunch. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- These funds make such a difference I say to the Senator from Oregon I ator from Massachusetts is recognized. to the families that all of us represent. certainly want to be included as an Mr. KENNEDY. Mr. President, the I urge the Senate to adopt this amend- original cosponsor, but I do it with Senator from Oregon and the other co- ment and maintain NIH’s vital invest- some sadness because I believe that the sponsors are speaking for the best ments in medical research. military-defense part of the budget

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00018 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7299 ought to have been included in the off- Now, if Dr. Steven Rosenberg were Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I set. I understand why the Senator was here today, I do not think he would say want to propose a unanimous-consent not able to do so. to us that he has the total answer. But request that will protect the Senator Second of all, I am very worried if you read his book, you will find, for from Oregon but will advise Senators about cuts in some of the other non- example, that in 40 percent of the cases of when we will vote. defense discretionary programs. There- there was a response to ON NIH fore, later on I am going to have a immunotherapy in melanoma. Ms. MIKULSKI. Mr. President, I rise sense-of-the-Senate amendment mak- The reason I get a little bit focused to express my passionate support for ing clear it does not have to be in each on melanoma is because, as many of the National Institutes of Health. of those areas because each deserve a you know, I am a survivor of mela- The National Institutes of Health is high priority, and I am going to try to noma. In 1989, after coming to the U.S the foundation of this Nation and the point out the direction in which we Senate, I was diagnosed with mela- world’s medical research. It is an in- should be directing our priorities. But noma. Fortunately, we found it early vestment in the future health and well- it is with a sense of equity and fairness and I should not have to be concerned being of every American. I proudly support this amendment. with it at all. But in 1979, my younger Over 85 percent of the NIH funding Mr. HATFIELD. I yield 5 minutes to brother Michael died of melanoma. And goes to academic medical centers of ex- the Senator from Florida. I can tell you personally what that ex- cellence all over the United States of The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- perience is like. America. From Stanford University, ator from Florida is recognized for 5 And I could be talking about AIDS, I Johns Hopkins University, and Harvard minutes. could be talking about, as the Senator to the University of Maryland and the Mr. MACK. Thank you, Mr. Presi- from California talked about, the vi- University of Wisconsin—these are the dent. ruses, I could be talking about any one leaders in medical science research. First, let me express my deep appre- of those. But the reality is that we are What does our investment dollars ciation to Senator HATFIELD for his making great strides today because of get? Our investment in the NIH pro- leadership on this issue in bringing this the work that is being done at NIH by vides the means to find the cures and amendment to the floor of the Senate. people like Dr. Steven Rosenberg. preventions for disease. It keeps the In trying to figure out what I would So he added a fourth modality to the United States of America in the fore- confine my comments to in 5 minutes, treatment of cancer. And there is a front of biomedical science and bio- because there is so much that I feel and fifth today, and it is called gene ther- medical technology. It encourages our so much that I have learned with re- apy. And we are just beginning to global competitiveness and assures spect to what the National Institutes scratch the surface on gene therapy. economic growth through the creation of Health is involved in, again, it is One of the earlier speakers referred of jobs in Maryland and throughout the very difficult to kind of bring it down to the discovery of the breast cancer United States. It helps communities to a couple of points. gene, and there probably are several help themselves. The NIH has icon status in America A book that I read several years ago breast cancer genes. But there has also and around the world. The short- called ‘‘The Transformed Cell,’’ written been discovered a melanoma gene. It is sightedness of narrow-minded people in by Dr. Steven Rosenberg out at the called P–16. And we know, through the green eyeshades who would cut the NIH NIH National Cancer Institute, really research that has been done out at funding is deeply disturbing. I simply talks about the fundamental changes NIH, that it is relatively simple to de- that have taken place in the way we cannot understand it. fine cancer but very complicated to The American people deserve a future treat diseases in this country and, for come up with a solution. Cancer is of improved health. They understand that matter, around the world. I am re- nothing more than the uncontrolled the importance of investing in research ferring specifically to the treatment of growth of cells. But the issue is: Why and prevention. They want their Fed- cancer now. are they uncontrolled and how can we eral dollars to go to programs that will For many years, if one was diagnosed control them? And gene therapy and help them meet their day-to-day needs. with cancer, basically, surgery, radi- DNA are going to play a significant That is what the NIH does. Its research ation, or chemotherapy were the three role in making that determination. finds cures, prevents the onset of dis- choices, if you will. The physicians My last point would be this: We have ease, and helps people live not only would look at the particular disease discovered what is called P–53, which I longer but better lives. and status to make a determination believe is a protein—it may be a gene For some time, I have worked on a about which of those three alternatives as well—a protein that is involved in bipartisan basis to advocate for a wom- to pursue. sending the message to the individual en’s health agenda. I was one of those Dr. Steven Rosenberg began his prac- cells as to when they should grow and who led the fight to establish an Office tice over 20 years ago when something when they should stop growing. There of Women’s Health Research at the occurred that kind of indicated to him have been great strides made with re- NIH—the first of its kind. I worked that maybe there was something else spect to the P–53 gene. with my colleagues to expand research going on that could, in fact, be used to It would be a tragedy for us to step and address gender-specific health con- fight the disease. An individual that he back now when we are on the verge of cerns like breast cancer, cervical can- was treating was cured of, I believe, breakthroughs on all kinds of diseases cer and prostate cancer. melanoma. And 20 years ago, if a per- through gene therapy. The National Institutes of Health is son was discovered with melanoma, it So what I am saying to the Senate is the anchor for health research invest- was just a matter of time. There was there are great benefits that come from ment in this country. no cure. this investment. And now, this picky little budget But, somehow or other, this patient I will close with this quote. Pasteur wants to freeze NIH funding into the survived. Dr. Steven Rosenberg came wrote: ‘‘I am on the verge of mysteries year 2000, or worse yet, may even cut to the conclusion and a very strong and the veil is getting thinner and NIH funding by 10 percent. Let us face feeling that the answer was in the im- thinner.’’ the fact. You cannot freeze disease. mune system; that what saved that in- We want to provide the funds to You cannot freeze neurological deterio- dividual was his own immune system. make sure that that veil disappears. ration and Parkinson’s disease. And And then that raised the question: Ms. MIKULSKI. Will the Senator you cannot freeze life saving research. Well, if the immune system can defeat yield? You just cannot. the disease in one individual but yet it The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- The impact of cutting NIH will take does not in another, why does that ator’s time has expired. an incredible human toll. The major occur? And that began a long process of Several Senators addressed the killers of men and women today are over 20 years of trying to come to the Chair. lung cancer and heart disease. What discovery and understanding of what The PRESIDING OFFICER. I recog- will happen to this research when there we can do to enhance the immune sys- nize the floor manager, the Senator is not enough dollars to invest in find- tem in order to fight the disease. from New Mexico. ing a cure? How will we ever find a cure

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00019 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7300 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 24, 1995 for Alzheimers disease and for AIDS international affairs functions from Increased investment in health re- without investing the necessary dol- the across-the-board cut required by search is key to reducing health costs lars? this amendment. The cold war is over in the long run. And if we can unlock My own dear father died of Alz- and the military should bear a share of the cure for a disease like Alzheimer’s heimers disease. He died one brain cell the cuts that this budget resolution the savings would be enormous—in dol- at a time, and it did not matter that I will force the Appropriations Com- lars and human lives. Today, federally was a U.S. Senator. All I could do was mittee to make in most, if not all, non- supported funding for research on Alz- look out for him, care for him, and military programs, including the very heimer’s disease totals $300 million yet make sure that he was comfortable and worthy NIH. it is estimated that nearly $100 billion safe. In loving memory of my father, I Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, I sup- is expended annually on caring for peo- vowed to do all that I can to lead the port the amendment offered by my dis- ple with Alzheimer’s. fight for research to find a cure for Alz- tinguished colleague from Oregon, Sen- Gene therapy and treatments of cys- heimers. ator HATFIELD. We have worked to- tic fibrosis and Parkinson’s could This is what this Budget would gether in the past to increase our com- eliminate years of chronic care costs, knock out. It is a tragedy for the dedi- mitment to the National Institutes of while saving lives and improving pa- cated men and women of NIH who have Health [NIH]. Last year, during the tient’s quality of life. committed their lives to finding cures health care reform debate, Senator Past investment in research has paid to deadly diseases. And it is a tragedy HATFIELD and I introduced legislation off. for the American people who look to to ensure that any reform plan also in- Less than $1 million spent to develop NIH to meet our day-to-day health cluded increased investment in the a potassium citrate treatment to pre- needs and to get us ready for the fu- fight against disease and disability. vent the formation of kidney stones ture. But, Mr. President, I am disappointed yields over $436.2 million in annual sav- I am passionate about my commit- that this amendment once again pro- ings in treatment costs. ment to preserve this investment. We tects and preserves a bloated Pentagon $20.1 million in NIH support over a must not turn our back on NIH. There budget. The budget resolution cuts 17-year period led to the development are those who seem set on trying to over $1 trillion in Federal spending. It of an improved influenza intervention dismantle the National Institutes of cuts health, education, training, vet- for children, saving at least $346.6 mil- Health. I want to put those people on erans, and virtually everything else lion annually from a reduction in pre- notice—they will have to put up with but it does not touch defense. The Pen- mature mortality and long-term earn- me first. I will do everything I can to tagon is increased by $34.5 billion over ings losses. keep the National Institutes of Health what a hard freeze would be over the 7 Clinical trials to develop a laser an investment that saves lives, saves years. So, while I support this amend- treatment for a diabetes related eye jobs, and helps communities. ment I believe strongly that instead of condition cost $180.6 million and has Mr. HATFIELD. I thank the Senator. taking money away from discretionary resulted in a potential annual savings Mr. EXON. I applaud the Senator. programs that are below a hard freeze of over $1.2 billion. Mr. DOMENICI. I agree with the Sen- in this budget to protect NIH we should New cell therapy techniques can re- ator. have looked to the bloated Pentagon duce the costs of a bone marrow trans- Mr. BYRD. Mr. President, although I budget. plant by as much as $50,000. share the concern of my distinguished NIH, as we all know, stands for the This country invests far too little in colleague from Oregon, Senator HAT- National Institutes of Health but it medical research, less than 2 percent of FIELD, about funding for the National could just as easily stand for National the total health budget is devoted to Institutes of Health (NIH), I must op- Investment in Health. That’s what medical research. Compare that to the pose his amendment. I oppose his we’re talking about, investing in the Pentagon where 15 percent of military amendment because it fails to address health of our people and our economy. dollars are spent on research. Where the underlying defect in the Budget Unfortunately, today we are not here are our priorities? Resolution we are debating—a one- to talk about taking a small step for- It is expected that this budget pro- third reduction overall in nonmilitary ward in medical research, we’re here to posal would reduce the success rate of discretionary spending. prevent taking a giant leap back and qualified research proposals from the The amendment, in effect, simply re- cutting our commitment to research current 25 percent to as little as 15 per- arranges the deck chairs on the Titanic. that saves lives and money. cent. Just a decade ago, it was twice It cuts across-the-board from all dis- The budget resolution before us cuts that. Science and cutting edge medical cretionary functions—except for mili- NIH by 10 percent and freezes spending research are being put on hold. And tary, international affairs and the through 2002. This translates into a cut every day we wait is another day we go functions that fall largely under the ju- of over $1 billion for fiscal year 1996 without finding the cure for diabetes, risdiction of the Labor, HHS Appro- alone. Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s and countless priations Subcommittee—to restore Backing away from that commit- other diseases. the 10-percent cut in NIH assumed in ment is shortsighted and fails to recog- Mr. President, this resolution also the budget resolution. nize the important role that NIH plays further discourages our young people I emphasize the word ‘‘assumed’’ be- in improving health care and holding from pursuing careers in medical re- cause it should be clear that the fund- down health care costs in the long run. search. The number of people under the ing levels for individual programs are As former chairman of the Appro- age of 36 even applying for NIH grants not determined by the budget resolu- priations Committee, Senator Warren dropped by 54 percent between 1985 and tion. The budget resolution only deter- Magnuson, said ‘‘medical research is 1993. This is due to a host of factors but mines the amount of discretionary the first link in the chain of preven- I’m afraid that the lower success rates spending overall. The appropriations tion.’’ Without sufficient investment, among all applicants is making bio- process determines the amount of fund- we can’t build that chain. medical research less and less attrac- ing for individual programs, such as People from all over the world come tive to young people. If the perception NIH. In fact, the budget resolution does to the United States for medical care. is that funding for research is impos- not even determine the amount of total Why? Because, we lead the world in sible to obtain, young people that may funds available to the Labor, HHS Ap- quality of care. And research is key to have chosen medical research 10 years propriations Subcommittee which has this quality. ago will choose other career paths. jurisdiction over NIH funding. Section The United States has built an im- Mr. President, investing in NIH 602(b) of the Congressional Budget and pressive biomedical research enter- doesn’t just promote the health of our Impoundment Control Act of 1974 re- prise. Today, dramatic developments in people, it promotes the health of our serves that power to the Appropria- genetics and gene therapy offer hope to economy. The biotechnology and phar- tions Committee as well. many suffering from disorders such as maceutical industries contribute some In addition, I take strong objection cystic fibrosis, breast and prostate can- $100 billion annually to the economy to the exclusion of the military and cer, diabetes, and Alzheimer’s disease. and support 200,000 highly skilled jobs.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00020 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7301 In 1994, sales of biotechnology prod- If I thought that it wasn’t possible tion, that the majority of projects sub- ucts totaled close to $8 billion and the for Congress, for the appropriators, the mitted to the NIH, extremely worthy Department of Commerce estimates Health and Human Services Depart- projects which could yield scientific that biotechnology will be a $50 billion ment or the NIH itself to prioritize advances as promising as any, are not industry by the year 2000. spending for the good and necessary funded. Just look at the numbers: This Investing in medical research pro- work that the NIH does, I might be year, project grants at NIH are ex- motes healthier lives, creates jobs, and willing to support this amendment. pected to have a 24-percent success strengthens our economy and our com- However, we all know that the budg- rate; this means that only one-quarter petitive position in the global market- et resolution doesn’t require that NIH of the projects which are approved are place. It’s the right thing to do and the funding be cut, only that funding with- funded. smart thing to do. in function 550 not exceed a specified Under the President’s budget, it is Mr. President, I support this amend- level. There are ways to do that with- expected to decline to 23 percent. And ment. But, even if this amendment out adversely affecting the work that under the budget resolution, to an even passes as expected, it does not address the NIH does. For example, the growth smaller percentage. Contrast this to the underlying defect in the budget res- of Medicaid could be slowed, as Senator 1992, when the success rate was 29.6 per- olution we are debating, a one-third re- GRAMM proposed yesterday. cent, or 1986, when it was 32.1 percent. duction overall in nonmilitary, discre- I am confident that, as the author of Although I do strongly support this tionary spending. the amendment and as chairman of the amendment, I also want to express my This amendment cuts across-the- Appropriations Committee, Senator board from all discretionary functions, concern about the ‘‘offsets’’ used to HATFIELD won’t allow the NIH budget ‘‘pay for’’ the amendment, or, in other except for national defense, inter- to be cut too deeply when it comes national affairs and the functions that words, about the source of funding time to appropriate money for the NIH. which will make up the difference if fall largely under the jurisdiction of The Department of Health and Human the Labor, HHS Appropriations Sub- NIH funding were increased and the en- Services and the NIH won’t sacrifice tire budget resolution is to stay within committee, to restore the 10-percent critical research when it comes time to cut in NIH assumed in the budget reso- the same overall cap. prioritize the use of funds that are ulti- As I understand the amendment of- lution. mately appropriated. But, Mr. President, funding levels for fered by my colleague, it would restore Mr. President, I want to work with individual programs are not deter- $7 billion of the proposed $7.9 billion re- the chairman of the Appropriations mined by the budget resolution. The duction in NIH funding over the com- Committee to find a solution, but one budget resolution only determines the ing 7 fiscal years. The difference would which doesn’t adversely affect our Na- amount of discretionary spending over- be made up by an across-the-board re- tion’s veterans. duction in all budget functions except all. It is the appropriations process Mr. HATCH. Mr. President, I rise in that determines the amount of funding for the social programs, broadly speak- support of the amendment offered by for individual programs, such as NIH. ing, and defense and international af- my colleague from Oregon, long recog- So, Mr. President, despite this amend- fairs. The effect of this amendment is nized as a leader in our efforts to pro- ment, the Appropriations Committee to place the burden of making up the mote biomedical research. I can think will be faced with a one-third reduction difference on the other accounts within of no more worthy a purpose than to in nonmilitary discretionary spending the budget, many of which are already restore funding for the National Insti- and, therefore, all discretionary spend- sustaining large reductions. tutes of Health. NIH is the world’s pre- ing programs such as the NIH are going For example, under this amendment, mier biomedical research institution. to be subject to cuts because of this in order to increase NIH, decreases It is our investment in the Nation’s fu- budget resolution. would be effected in programs for vet- ture health. I have watched with pride Mr. KYL. Mr. President, I support erans, agriculture, space and science as NIH has grown during my years in what the chairman of the Appropria- research, energy, natural resources, the Congress. I have watched with tions Committee, Senator HATFIELD, is and community development. attempting to do, ensure that suffi- pride as exciting discovery after dis- covery spawned by the NIH has become I am particularly concerned about a cient funding is made available for the proposed reduction of about $1 billion work of the National Institutes of a reality. I have watched with pride as efforts at the premier research institu- over 7 years in law enforcement and Health [NIH]. I strongly support the crime prevention efforts, at a time important work that body is under- tions in Utah, such as the excellent work at the University of Utah, have when increased acts of violence and taking, particularly with respect to re- terrorism throughout the United search on breast and prostrate cancer, led to incredible discoveries helping to improve literally millions of lives. States are threatening the ability of heart disease and diabetes. peaceful, law-abiding citizens to lead However, what troubles me about As with many of my colleagues, I was their lives. this amendment is the proposition that very disappointed when the measure it isn’t possible to reorder priorities approved by committee set NIH on a In addition, I would point out to my within function 550—the health ac- such a steep downward funding path. colleagues that under the budget reso- count—to make the necessary funding While I do not believe any program or lution, funding for function 550, the available to the NIH. To make the agency should be immune from reduc- health function, comes down 12.2 per- amount of funding contemplated by the tions in our efforts to get Federal cent overall. However, several accounts amendment available to the NIH, we spending under control, the NIH may are held harmless within that function, simply have to shift $1 billion within have been hit too hard. including the Food and Drug Adminis- function 550, an account that will total Some may say that a 10-percent cut tration, which would receive $884 mil- $120 billion in fiscal year 1996, rising to in NIH does not sound like a lot, but it lion—AIDS programs at the Health Re- $150 billion by 2002. Instead, the amend- is. The President’s proposed NIH budg- sources and Services Administration— ment takes money out of other ac- et of $11.8 billion was intended to sup- $656 million—the Indian Health Serv- counts, including funding for veterans, port 23,874 research project grants, ice—$1.963 billion—the Centers for Dis- and that seriously concerns me. which includes 6,046 new and competing ease Control—$2.88 billion—the Sub- The budget resolution already con- research project grants. Maybe that stance Abuse and Mental Health Serv- templates a phase-out of construction sounds like a high level, but it is not. ices Administration—$2.197 billion— of VA facilities. Higher prescription co- The President’s proposal represented a and AIDS research at NIH—$1.336 bil- payments for certain veterans are as- decrease of 522 new and competing lion. These programs were all held sumed. Outlays for veterans programs grants from this fiscal year, and the level. would actually amount to $500 million budget resolution funding level will I urge the House and Senate budget less next year compared to this year. lead to even further reductions. conferees to take a look at the entire And the Hatfield amendment would In 1987, by comparison, we funded al- health function to see if we are allo- take another $224 million a year out of most 7,200 new and competing grants. cating funds most appropriately in re- veterans programs on top of that. It is not commonly recognized, in addi- lation to the other budget functions.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00021 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7302 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 24, 1995 Obviously, I have no interest in see- through biomedical research. Recent each year. Because of the discoveries ing very vital programs such as Indian NIH advances in the therapy of sickle made by biomedical researchers over health or AIDS sustain unwise reduc- cell disease save an estimated $350 mil- the years, we live longer, healthier, tions. At the same time, I do not wish lion annually. Recent advances against and more active lives. Today, an Amer- to see the Administration of Justice alcoholism save $125 million annually. ican’s life expectancy is 75.5 years, an account, or veterans programs, for ex- Research underway to delay the onset increase of almost 5 years since 1970. ample, sustain inappropriate reduc- of blindness in diabetics and to delay If this progress is to continue, it is tions. the onset of Alzheimer’s could save bil- imperative that the NIH budget be pre- It is my desire that conferees take all lions. Simply delaying the onset of car- served. Stable NIH funding is required these competing needs into account diovascular disease by 5 years is esti- to maintain laboratories performing and create the best possible balance. mated to potentially save $70 billion cutting edge research. Even a short hi- That being said, Mr. President, I urge yearly. And clearly, without progress atus in funding results in loss of estab- adoption of the Hatfield amendment on against AIDS, will continue to spend lished research programs that can not NIH. billions in our hospitals and in lost be readily recovered. Mr. HOLLINGS. Mr. President, I human productivity. I urge my colleagues to support this thank the distinguished Senator from So, Mr. President, we cannot respon- amendment. Oregon, Senator HATFIELD, for his lead- sibly turn away from these research UNANIMOUS-CONSENT AGREEMENT ership in providing biomedical research needs. We must provide for them in the Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I ask funding, and I strongly support his budget, and Senator HATFIELD has pro- unanimous consent that, at the conclu- amendment to restore $1 billion per vided the vehicle to do so. Again, I sion of the debate on the Hatfield year that otherwise would be cut under thank him for his leadership and urge amendment, the Senate begin voting in this Senate budget resolution. all of my colleagues to support the the following sequence: on the Harkin Most basic biomedical research in Hatfield amendment. amendment, on the Feingold amend- this Nation is supported by the Na- Mr. LEVIN. Mr. President, I rise in ment, on or in relation to the Bumpers tional Institutes of Health. Nearly strong support of the Hatfield amend- amendment, on or in relation to the every week we hear of advances against ment which adds $1 billion to the budg- Dodd substitute, on or in relation to disease supported by NIH grants. As et for the National Institutes of Health the Snowe amendment, and on the Hat- such, NIH not only reduces suffering in [NIH]. The budget proposal before us field amendment. I further ask unani- our country, it lays the groundwork for recommends a 10 percent cut for the mous consent that the first vote in this economic growth and leads the world NIH in fiscal year 1996, and then a sequence be 20 minutes and thereafter in the fight against disease. freeze at this lower level through the the remaining ones, back to back, be 10 Despite our profound responsibility year 2002. This means that the NIH minutes each. to maintain NIH funding, we currently budget would be cut from $11.3 billion The PRESIDING OFFICER. Do I hear provide funds adequate to support only in fiscal year 1995 to $10.2 billion in fis- objection? one in four research proposals. The cal year 1996, and then frozen at $10.2 Mr. LEAHY. Reserving the right to Senate budget resolution could cut billion through 2002. object, and I shall not, I missed, Mr. that current support level to 1 in 10. If the proposed cuts are permitted to President, what the distinguished man- At that level, young researchers will take place, it would damage NIH re- ager said. Did he say when these votes be strongly encouraged to seek other search at a time of unprecedented pro- would begin? careers. The steady stream of Nobel ductivity, drive talented scientists, Mr. DOMENICI. Well, they will begin Prize winners at NIH—89 so far—will both young and established, into other when Senator HATFIELD’s time has run dry up. In short, we will be cutting into careers, and cause the United States to out. the muscle and bone of an institution lose its hard-won leadership in such Mr. LEAHY. I thank the Senator. I that demonstrates the best of Amer- fields as biotechnology and pharma- have no objection. ican Government and the best of ceuticals. Mr. EXON. Reserving the right to ob- human endeavor. Mr. President, NIH has been a tre- ject, and I do not intend to object, I Furthermore, the Senate budget res- mendous investment for the American would just say, for purposes of clari- olution funding levels would effectively people. The research supported by NIH fication, two things. With regard to the forestall life-saving, cost-effective re- has saved lives, reduced suffering, and Snowe amendment, could we insert in search. NIH is currently in the middle led to lower medical costs. The NIH has the language ‘‘the Snowe amendment, of many long-term projects that revo- an impressive collection of new suc- as amended, if amended’’? lutionary implications for medicine. cesses, such as the following list of Mr. DOMENICI. I have no objection. NIH is supporting a $3 billion, 15-year some fundamental discoveries and clin- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without effort to map the human genome. This ical advances for the past year: objection, it is so ordered. project underlies the revolution in ge- A revolution in cancer risk assess- Mr. EXON. One further question. netic medicine that has implications ment, the long-sought gene for some Could we get agreement at this time to for cancer, developmental disabilities, heredity breast cancers, BRCA-1, has move things along. As the Senator Alzheimer’s disease, juvenile diabetes, been isolated, as have genes that pre- from Nebraska has continually warned, and numerous other diseases. NIH dispose some patients to colon cancer, we are running out of time. Could we began a 12-year, $68 million prostrate melanoma, and kidney cancer. get an agreement, as a part of this cancer prevention trial in 1991. It began A simple drug, hydroxyurea, alters unanimous-consent agreement, to have a $50 million, 11-year childhood asthma the composition of hemoglobin and the votes on the series of amendments management program in the same thereby reduces by half the painful cri- that have been outlined by the chair- year. In 1990, it began a 12-year test of sis that commonly hospitalize patients man of the committee to start, I am tamozifen treatments for breast cancer with sickle cell disease. suggesting, maybe at 10 minutes after among a randomized group of 16,000 Hormone replacement successfully 10 or something of that nature? women. It continues to support the controls blood lipids in post- Mr. DOMENICI. I think Senator HAT- Framingham longitudinal investiga- menopausal women and likely reduces FIELD has 17 minutes. tion of factors influencing the develop- cardiovascular disease. Mr. HATFIELD. I have 17 minutes ment of cardiovascular disease, which A new acellular vaccine for whooping and other Senators are asking to be began in 1948. Next year NIH plans to cough is safe as well as effective. heard. I would agree, say, to a quarter support six centers specializing in hy- The biomedical research supported after 10, provided this time is not pertension research over 5 years. by NIH makes vital contributions to charged against my allotment. These are just a few examples of the the Nation’s health, improving the The PRESIDING OFFICER. The time critical research underway at NIH that quality of life, advancing science, and remaining to the Senator from Oregon should not be eliminated or delayed in creating economic growth. Advances is 14 minutes 56 seconds. the name of short-term budgetary derived from NIH research save an esti- Mr. HATFIELD. Does that include gains. The truth is, we save money mated $69 billion in medical care costs this period of colloquy?

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00022 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7303 The PRESIDING OFFICER. That health care can improve as we move So I support and look forward to vot- time has come out of the time of the along. ing for the amendment offered by the Senator from New Mexico, who re- This creates many jobs through the Senator from Oregon. quested the time. biomedical research and technology I yield back the remainder of my Mr. DOMENICI. So, Mr. President, transfers and all this adds, again, reve- time to the Senator from Oregon. for the understanding of everyone, Sen- nues to our deficit. The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. JEF- ator HATFIELD has 15 minutes, and I The resulting knowledge is essential FORDS). Who yields time? will yield back the remainder of the from these entities for established in- Mr. HATFIELD. Mr. President, I time on the amendment so we will have dustries such as DNA and other areas have a number of comments I wish to more time for other amendments, and of research. close with, but if there are questions we will proceed in this order. In other areas, we have saved already pending, I would like to respond. Mr. EXON. So the vote will be in the billions of dollars with respect to Mr. BYRD. Mr. President, will the area of 10:15? psychoactive drugs that save over $70 distinguished Senator yield for a ques- Mr. DOMENICI. That is about right. billion a year in hospitalization of tion? Mr. LEAHY. Reserving the right to mental patients. Vaccines and fluorida- Mr. HATFIELD. I will be very happy object, will the distinguished manager tion save countless health care dollars to yield. be willing to amend that to the fol- and, again, help reduce the deficit. Mr. BYRD. There is some confusion lowing: that after the series of votes, The recent discovery of bacterial as to where the offsets are coming the Senator from Vermont be recog- causes of peptic ulcers will save mil- from. Will the Senator please state nized for not to exceed 4 minutes to lions in chronic care costs. As I said where he is getting these offsets for his speak on two resolutions which will be over and over again, the same is true in increase in the NIH funding? voted on. education generally, not just medical Mr. HATFIELD. Mr. President, the Mr. EXON. Mr. President, it seems to education; that if we cut those things offsets are coming from nondefense dis- me that the Senator from Vermont, which are resulting in savings, then cretionary funds and accounts. I have with all due respect, is trying to step our job to solve the deficit problem pages of tables here on each precise ac- ahead of several other Senators whom will get worse and worse instead of bet- count that would indicate where they we have made commitments to. I would ter. are coming from. We have excluded So I commend the Senator from Or- ask the Senator to withdraw that re- within that Medicare, and the health egon for this amendment and support quest. services, but they are then from all it with enthusiasm. If I have any time Mr. LEAHY. I was not aware of the other remaining of the nondefense dis- remaining, I yield it back. commitments. Mr. HATFIELD. Mr. President, I cretionary accounts. Mr. BYRD. Well, I am a strong sup- I withdraw the request. thank the Senator for his comments. I porter of adequate funding of NIH re- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there yield 2 minutes to the Senator from objection? Hearing none, so ordered. New Hampshire. search programs, but we are already Mr. HATFIELD addressed the Chair. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- suffering terrible blows to nonmilitary The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- ator from New Hampshire is recognized discretionary programs. I would like to ator from Oregon is recognized. for 2 minutes. have seen the Senator’s amendment Mr. HATFIELD. I yield 3 minutes to Mr. GREGG. Mr. President, I wish to take the funds out of military discre- the Senator from Vermont. join with many of my colleagues today tionary programs and foreign aid. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- who support the amendment of the I would like to know just what other ator from Vermont. Senator from Oregon. In the process of programs are being cut. The distin- Mr. JEFFORDS. Mr. President, I rise developing a budget, we have to set pri- guished Senator has stated that cer- in strong support as a cosponsor of the orities and, in this instance, I think tain programs are not being cut. But Hatfield amendment. I also want to the Senator from Oregon has rightly what does this leave by way of non- commend the Senator from Florida for pointed out the initial budget resolu- military discretionary programs that his very eloquent statement on why tion had some priorities that should be are going to suffer additional cuts over the NIH is so important to this Nation, adjusted, and he has certainly pointed and above those that are already in- and I do not have too much to add to out the strengths and importance of volved in the resolution? that. NIH and what it contributes to the fab- Mr. HATFIELD. Mr. President, I will But I will point out that this is a per- ric of America’s society and it should respond by saying I wholeheartedly fect example of what can happen if we be supported. I strongly commend him agree. In fact, at the beginning of my are not careful as we go forward with for that. Therefore, I will vote for this time allocation today, I sent to the the debate on the budget and agree to amendment. desk a proposal that would take these cut things without recognizing that, in NIH is a unique institution. It is a funds, offset these funds from every- many cases, those things that we seek collection of some of the most talented thing in the discretionary area, includ- to cut to try to reduce the deficit, in and brilliant individuals from around ing military. effect, will add to the deficit. That is the world, but especially from the Having shopped that proposal around certainly true when it comes to med- United States, who are working to- the Senate, I calculated we would have ical research. gether to push the envelope of improv- had about 20 votes. So we would have Time and time again, we have been ing the health of not only the Amer- ended up with the dismantling, what I able to make breakthroughs through ican people but the world in general. call this proposal, which is a prelude to the research by the NIH. Those break- It is an institution which is also fair- disaster, of the medical research infra- throughs have resulted in considerable, ly delicate. That type of talent and structure we have developed in this if not substantial, and gigantic savings ability needs to be nurtured and needs country, the greatest in the world. in the cost of health care. to be supported, and it can be affected By taking a second-degree or with- We all know that as we move for- rather considerably by changes in its drawing the first and offering the sec- ward, the most essential area that we funding structure or in its general ond proposal, which was to exclude the have to control costs in is the health structure. military, by that action, we have care area. So I would say that the NIH Therefore, I want to commend and salvaged, at the expense of a fewer is clearly an entity that must be main- support what the Senator from Oregon other agencies than my first proposal, tained because this is one area where has decided to do with this amend- but we at least have salvaged the fu- they have a role and a role that must ment, which is to assure that NIH re- ture of NIH. be maintained to not only do the re- mains a strong and vibrant institution It is a matter of robbing Peter to pay search that they do at the NIH but, in as we move into the future, and that Paul, I suppose would be the most suc- addition to that, to take care of the re- their commitment to improving the cinct way to do it. Not my preference, search that is done in the hospitals, lives of all Americans will not in any but with the political reality I face on the training schools and the training way be undermined by this budget res- this floor, it was the only way I could universities, so that our whole area of olution. find to salvage and save NIH.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00023 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7304 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 24, 1995 Mr. BYRD. In other words, if I may New Mexico. I would not trade with revenue within the limited budget win- pursue the subject a bit further, it him for all the tea in China. I think dow—will many of these proposals would mean additional cuts in VA pro- Senator DOMENICI has probably one of withstand the straight face test. Only grams? the toughest jobs in the Senate. No by railroading these proposals through Mr. HATFIELD. Yes. matter what he does and his colleagues the Senate, under the very restrictive Mr. BYRD. It would mean additional on that committee, it is a no-win situa- and controlled conditions of budget cuts in education programs? tion. It is a very, very difficult task. I reconciliation, would many of these Mr. HATFIELD. Yes. think they have carried their duties proposals ever have a chance of becom- Mr. BYRD. It would mean additional with not only great skill, great dignity ing law. cuts in various other health programs? and, above all, with remarkable pa- I have not seen the Budget Commit- Mr. HATFIELD. Yes, various others. tience. I have been in the strategy tee’s latest scoring of these asset sales Nondefense discretionary funds, with meetings, and everybody is gigging, receipts. But I note for colleagues’ ben- the exclusion of the health programs and I am happy that everybody is tak- efit that the analysis that I have shows and Medicare. ing it out on good old PETE. I want to an interesting point. In the short term, Mr. BYRD. It would mean additional come to his defense—not that he needs the committee’s proposals produce def- cuts in law enforcement? my defense—but I admire him as chair- icit reduction. In the longer term, how- Mr. HATFIELD. Yes. man of the committee. I admire what ever, and certainly by the year 2002, Mr. BYRD. Mr. President, I thank he does and his dedication and spirit. these savings disappear. In fact, selling the distinguished Senator. I applaud And I deeply admire him as one of my these assets appears to reduce future his objective. I want to support the closest personal friends. revenues sufficiently that the actual amendment, but at the same time, I Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I effect by the year 2002 is that the def- find it hard to continue to cut more think the Senator has 1 minute. If he icit increases. Asset sales are short- and more and more from these other does not mind, I will use it. I person- term and short-sighted. nonmilitary discretionary programs. ally thank Senator HATFIELD for his It would be helpful to review why we I suppose we are faced with the comments. I think it is obvious to ev- produce these budget resolutions in the choice now of either voting for or eryone that you do not have a budget first place. The reason is not to balance against the amendment. I am sorry resolution like the one pending on the the budget. If it was, I’m sure we could that other nonmilitary programs are to floor without a lot of cooperation. On create some appropriate fiction which be cut. our side, let me say that the chairman showed budgetary balance by defini- We apparently do not have the votes of the Appropriations Committee clear- tion. in here to cut military funding. As an ly could have made this more difficult, But that’s not what we were supposed example, the B–2 bomber costs some- and he chose to go with us on a bal- to be doing here. We’re supposed to be where between $740 million and $1.2 bil- anced budget. He has been a strong ad- systematic. We’re supposed to be hon- lion per copy—and I believe that we vocate on it. We are not going in a di- est. We’re supposed to be consistent. have already committed ourselves to a rection he might choose, but I think he We’re supposed to address the sub- contract for 20 additional B–2 bombers indicated to me that he is so concerned stantive, structural issues which keep to be completed by the year 2000. There about our deficit spending that he com- the Federal Government spending— are many other military programs of pliments us on what we are doing. year in, year out—more money than it like manner that I could cite, but I will Let me also say there is no doubt in takes in. not do it at this time. I thank the dis- my mind that the funding for the NIH So what do we have here, buried deep tinguished Senator for allotting me that the distinguished Senator from in this bill? We have a trick, a gim- this opportunity to ask a question. Oregon seeks could be accommodated mick. We cut spending, by redefining Mr. HATFIELD. Mr. President, I in the budget resolution by the appro- what a cut is. Now, for the first time share the agony. Believe me, one might priators, by allocating differently and since we gave this budget process think that we have cause to celebrate a leaving more for the NIH. I think the teeth—with the passage of Gramm- victory if this amendment passes— Senator has decided he wants the Sen- Rudman—we can sell off national prop- which I expect it to do, and to survive ate to speak on the issue. I gather that erty—national assets—and include the conference, which I hope it could do— is the purpose of the vote. proceeds as deficit reduction. but I do not believe that it does call for I yield the floor. Mr. President, because of these cyni- a joint celebration because we have Mr. HATFIELD. Mr. President, I ask cally clever changes, we can now pro- achieved one goal at a pretty heavy for the yeas and nays. pose—for example—to sell nearly a bil- cost to an awful lot of other programs The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there a lion dollars’ worth of oil from the stra- that I have deep interest in, as well. It sufficient second? tegic petroleum, and chalk that up to is like choosing between your children. There is a sufficient second. deficit reduction. It is very difficult. The yeas and nays were ordered. Notwithstanding the fact that both Mr. President, if I could have the at- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the Democratic and Republican adminis- tention of the chairman of the Senate Senator from Oregon yield the remain- trations have endorsed expanding the Budget Committee, I would like to ask der of his time? SPR, notwithstanding the fact that a question for the RECORD. In the re- Mr. HATFIELD. Yes. hardly a week goes by without some oil port of the Budget Committee accom- Mr. DOMENICI. I yield any time I State Senator coming to the floor to panying this resolution, where there may have had remaining, Mr. Presi- talk about rising oil imports and the were exemptions listed within the re- dent. threats to national security, notwith- port language, if this amendment is AMENDMENT NO. 1130 standing the fact that at any time we adopted, do I understand clearly that Mr. BRADLEY. Mr. President, I rise could liquidate this oil inventory for that will then, in effect, eradicate, in support of the Bumpers-Bradley cash, how can we seriously allege that eliminate, excise those conditions amendment to strike language that this particular sale has anything to do within the report language of exemp- would allow us to count the sale of with positive public policy, with put- tions? public assets—parks, powerplants, ting our fiscal house in order, with cre- Mr. DOMENICI. The Senator is abso- buildings, even oil in national storage ating a better future for our children? lutely correct. facilities—as deficit reduction. Why stop at a billion dollars of SPR Mr. HATFIELD. Thank you. This bill language will open the oil? Sell it all. And credit the $10 bil- Mr. President, in closing, I thank my floodgates for proposals to unload valu- lion raised to balancing the budget or colleagues who joined in this effort. I able Federal assets in return for the protecting our children’s future. say that it is, I believe, a step in the fast buck. Many of these proposals, in This asset sale language will lead to right direction. But, at the same time, fact, will lead to reduced revenues in all sorts of questionable proposals. It I want to take a moment, once again, the future, and higher deficits. Only by may make sense to sell the assets of to commend the chairman of the Budg- a reliance on today’s political myo- the Tennessee Valley Authority, or et Committee, Senator DOMENICI from pia—a simpleminded scoring of sales Bonneville Power, or the hydrodams in

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00024 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7305 the West, or some small park in Lou- the rule was intended to prevent the term economic gains to be obtained by isiana or Texas or Virginia. But these use of asset sales from being used to drilling. It is not suited to considering arguments need to have a broader basis jimmy the figures, in other words to what benefits and values will be lost than the most simpleminded budget give the appearance of deficit reduc- for future generations of Americans by concerns. tion without really reducing spending. developing this pristine wildlife refuge. In fact, I doubt that any business ac- The same principle applies here The budget resolution and the subse- countant or economist would agree today. By changing the current rule quent reconciliation bill are two of the with the underlying budgetary prohibiting the scoring of Federal asset very few bills where Senate rules limit premise—that liquidating public assets sales, the budget resolution would debate and amendments. In my opin- adds to public wealth. If I sell my stock allow individual Committees to reach ion, this path does not provide an ade- portfolio and put the returns in my their deficit reduction targets by sell- quate opportunity to evaluate alter- checking account, do I become wealthi- ing off Federal properties. This is a natives, to question the assumptions er? Have I protected my children? It short-sighted strategy that sacrifices on which those projected economic may make sense to make sell my our children’s heritage for an imme- gains are based, or to fully consider the stocks, but the transaction itself pro- diate infusion of cash; we should not potential impacts of drilling on the duces no wealth—except for my broker. use their inheritance to pay our debts. fragile arctic environment. Consider the Arctic National Wildlife There are two examples where I These decisions could result in higher Refuge. We can lease the refuge to oil think this strategy is particularly mis- utility bills for middle-class Americans developers and sell any oil that might guided. The first is the sale of power across the country and significantly be underground to them. We will get marketing agencies that year after impact one of our most precious na- some money. The companies will get year provide affordable electricity to tional wildlife refuges. To ensure that the rights to oil. If they find oil, prob- people in rural communities across this these issues receive the full consider- ably it will be shipped to the Pacific country. The second is the leasing for ation and debate they deserve, I urge rim and burned completely. Have we oil and gas development of one of this my colleagues to reject the proposed done a lot for our kids? You must be Nation’s most magnificent wildlife ref- rule change that would allow the scor- joking. uges, the Arctic National Wildlife Ref- ing of federal asset sales and to vote At best, we can claim for our chil- uge in Alaska. for the Bumpers amendment. POWER MARKETING AGENCIES dren a neutral financial transaction. VOTE ON AMENDMENT NO. 1126 I’ve spoken many times before oppos- But what about the larger issues? If we The PRESIDING OFFICER. All time ing the sale of power marketing agen- go ahead with the development of has been yielded back. cies as a silly and shortsighted idea. ANWR, we damage probably irrev- According to the previous order, the It’s nonsense. We should be selling off ocably a unique, world-class eco- vote will now occur on amendment No. our infrastructure. We would be open- system. We consume utterly a non-re- 1126 offered by the Senators from Iowa ing the door to monopolies. And that newable resource. We get some cash. and Arkansas. spells higher utility bills for ratepayers If we forgo the drilling of ANWR, we Mr. EXON. Mr. President, I request in Montana and other States across the preserve intact this ecosystem. We pre- the yeas and nays. Nation. In other words, it’s nothing but serve intact any oil underground and The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there a a heavy-handed, punitive tax on the the possibility of future development. sufficient second? middle class. We do not get the cash. There is a sufficient second. I, frankly, reject any claim that our ARCTIC NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE The yeas and nays were ordered. children will thank us for using up this The budget resolution also proposes The PRESIDING OFFICER. The oil and running oil rigs and oil pipe- to lease the Arctic National Wildlife question is on agreeing to amendment lines across the Arctic Plain. Refuge, which is in the northeast cor- No. 1126. Mr. President, what the American ner of Alaska. The refuge supports a The clerk will call the roll. public expects, and what our children spectacular diversity of wildlife, in- The assistant legislative clerk called expect, is for us to get our fiscal house cluding polar bears, grizzly bears, the roll. in order. Our children are not asking us wolves, and snow geese. In addition, Mr. LOTT. I announce that the Sen- to sell off their collective inheritance. more than 150,000 caribou migrate ator from Missouri [Mr. BOND] is nec- Our children are not asking us to look through the refuge, bearing their essarily absent. narrowly at some budget window and young on the coastal plain. The car- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Are there forget that many of these assets ibou are an important source of food any other Senators in the Chamber de- produce public value—and I do not just for the native people who live near the siring to vote? mean financial value—beyond the win- refuge and continue, as their ancestors The result was announced—yeas 28, dow. have for generations, to depend on the nays 71, as follows: When one Member from the other land to sustain their way of life. In side of the aisle, Senator CRAIG, consid- 1987, the United States and Canada [Rollcall Vote No. 181 Leg.] ered this issue as a House Member, he signed an International Agreement for YEAS—28 said ‘‘asset sales are in fact blue smoke the Conservation of the Porcupine Car- Akaka Jeffords Murray and mirrors at best. If they are to hap- ibou Herd. Boxer Kennedy Pell Bradley Kerrey pen, they should be set off budget.’’ Ex- Under the Alaska National Interest Pryor Bumpers Kerry Reid actly right. Lands Conservation Act, which Con- Byrd Kohl Rockefeller Mr. BAUCUS. I rise today in support gress passed in 1980, oil and gas devel- Daschle Lautenberg Sarbanes of the amendment offered by my col- opment is prohibited in the 19 million Dorgan Leahy Simon Feingold Levin Wellstone league, Senator BUMPERS, to strike a acre refuge unless authorized by Con- Harkin Moseley-Braun provision of the budget resolution that gress. Because the 1.5 million acre Hatfield Moynihan would allow scoring of revenues from coastal plain is such an important and NAYS—71 the sale of Federal assets. Make no unique are for wildlife, I believe it Abraham Cohen Glenn mistake, I believe in reducing the Fed- should be permanently protected. I Ashcroft Conrad Gorton eral deficit. But this is simply the have cosponsored a bill (S. 428) to des- Baucus Coverdell Graham wrong way to do it. ignate that area as wilderness. Bennett Craig Gramm Biden D’Amato Grams The current rule prohibiting the However, regardless of whether you Bingaman DeWine Grassley scoring of Federal asset sales, first agree with me that this area should be Breaux Dodd Gregg adopted as part of the 1987 Gramm- permanently protected or, as the Budg- Brown Dole Hatch Rudman-Hollings Act, has been incor- et Committee proposes, it should be Bryan Domenici Heflin Burns Exon Helms porated into recent budget resolutions. opened for drilling, I believe this issue Campbell Faircloth Hollings When it was first adopted, Senator is too significant and too complex to be Chafee Feinstein Hutchison Chiles, then chairman of the Senate resolved during the budget process. The Coats Ford Inhofe Budget Committee, made it clear that budget process focuses on the short- Cochran Frist Inouye

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00025 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7306 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 24, 1995 Johnston Mikulski Simpson Specter Thomas Thurmond Mr. GLENN. I move to lay that mo- Kassebaum Murkowski Smith Stevens Thompson Warner Kempthorne Nickles tion on the table. Snowe NOT VOTING—1 Kyl Nunn Specter The motion to lay on the table was Lieberman Packwood Stevens Bond agreed to. Lott Pressler Thomas Lugar Robb So the amendment (No. 1127) was re- Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, what Thompson jected. Mack Roth Thurmond is the pending business? McCain Santorum Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I Warner VOTE ON AMENDMENT NO. 1131 McConnell Shelby move to reconsider the vote. NOT VOTING—1 Mr. COHEN. I move to lay that mo- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The question occurs with respect to amend- Bond tion on the table. The motion to lay on the table was ment No. 1131 offered by the Senator So the amendment (No. 1126) was re- agreed to. from Connecticut [Mr. DODD] to jected. VOTE ON AMENDMENT NO. 1130 amendment No. 1128, offered by the Mr. EXON. Mr. President, the Senate The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Maine [Ms. SNOWE]. is not in order. question now is on agreeing to amend- Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- ment No. 1130 of Senator BUMPERS. move to lay that amendment on the ate will be in order. Mr. DOMENICI addressed the Chair. table, and I ask for the yeas and nays. Mr. EXON. Mr. President, I ask for The PRESIDING OFFICER. The ma- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there a the yeas and nays on two amendments jority manager of the bill. sufficient second? Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I that have been previously ordered to be There is a sufficient second. voted on. I ask for the yeas and nays on move to table the Bumpers amendment the Feingold amendment and the yeas and ask for the yeas and nays. The yeas and nays were ordered. and nays on the Dodd substitute. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there a The PRESIDING OFFICER. The The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there a sufficient second? question is on agreeing to the motion sufficient second? There is a sufficient second. to lay on the table amendment No. The yeas and nays were ordered. 1131. The yeas and nays have been or- Is there objection to ordering the The PRESIDING OFFICER. The yeas and nays en bloc? dered. The clerk will call the roll. question is on agreeing to the motion The legislative clerk called the roll. Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, there to table the Bumpers amendment, No. is no motion en bloc, is there? 1130. The yeas and nays have been or- Mr. LOTT. I announce that the Sen- The PRESIDING OFFICER. There is dered. The clerk will call the roll. ator from Missouri [Mr. BOND] is nec- a sufficient second. Hearing no objec- The bill clerk called the roll. essarily absent. tion, the yeas and nays are ordered. Mr. LOTT. I announce that the Sen- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Are there The yeas and nays were ordered. ator from Missouri [Mr. BOND] is nec- any other Senators in the Chamber de- VOTE ON AMENDMENT NO. 1127 essarily absent. siring to vote? The PRESIDING OFFICER. The The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. The result was announced—yeas 51, question is on agreeing to amendment CAMPBELL). Are there any other Sen- nays 48, as follows: No. 1127. ators in the Chamber who desire to [Rollcall Vote No. 184 Leg.] The yeas and nays have been ordered. vote? The result was announced—yeas 52, YEAS—51 The clerk will call the roll. nays 47, as follows: Abraham Gorton McConnell The legislative clerk called the roll. Ashcroft Gramm Murkowski [Rollcall Vote No. 183 Leg.] Mr. LOTT. I announce that the Sen- Bennett Grams Nickles YEAS—52 Brown Grassley Packwood ator from Missouri [Mr. BOND] is nec- Abraham Gramm Murkowski Burns Gregg Pressler essarily absent. Ashcroft Grams Nickles Chafee Hatch Roth The PRESIDING OFFICER. Are there Bennett Grassley Packwood Coats Hatfield Santorum Cochran Helms Shelby any other Senators in the Chamber Brown Gregg Pressler Cohen Hutchison Simpson Burns Hatch Roth who desire to vote? Coverdell Inhofe Smith Campbell Hatfield Santorum The result was announced—yeas 44, Chafee Helms Craig Kassebaum Snowe Shelby D’Amato Kempthorne Specter nays 55, as follows: Coats Hutchison Simpson Cochran Inhofe DeWine Kyl Stevens Smith [Rollcall Vote No. 182 Leg.] Coverdell Jeffords Dole Lott Thomas Snowe YEAS—44 Craig Kassebaum Domenici Lugar Thompson Specter D’Amato Kempthorne Faircloth Mack Thurmond Akaka Feinstein Levin DeWine Kyl Stevens Frist McCain Warner Biden Ford Mikulski Dole Lott Thomas Bingaman Glenn Moseley-Braun Domenici Lugar Thompson NAYS—48 Boxer Graham Moynihan Faircloth Mack Thurmond Akaka Feingold Leahy Breaux Harkin Murray Frist McCain Warner Baucus Feinstein Levin Bryan Heflin Nunn Gorton McConnell Biden Ford Lieberman Bumpers Hollings Pell Bingaman Glenn Mikulski Byrd Inouye Pryor NAYS—47 Boxer Graham Moseley-Braun Chafee Johnston Reid Akaka Feingold Levin Bradley Harkin Moynihan Conrad Kennedy Robb Baucus Feinstein Breaux Heflin Murray Daschle Kerrey Lieberman Rockefeller Biden Ford Bryan Hollings Nunn Dodd Kerry Mikulski Bingaman Glenn Bumpers Inouye Pell Dorgan Kohl Sarbanes Moseley-Braun Boxer Graham Byrd Jeffords Pryor Exon Lautenberg Simon Moynihan Bradley Harkin Campbell Johnston Reid Feingold Leahy Wellstone Murray Breaux Heflin Nunn Conrad Kennedy Robb Daschle NAYS—55 Bryan Hollings Pell Kerrey Rockefeller Bumpers Inouye Dodd Kerry Sarbanes Pryor Abraham Faircloth Lott Byrd Johnston Dorgan Kohl Simon Reid Ashcroft Frist Lugar Cohen Kennedy Exon Lautenberg Wellstone Robb Baucus Gorton Mack Conrad Kerrey Bennett Gramm McCain Daschle Kerry Rockefeller NOT VOTING—1 Bradley Grams Sarbanes McConnell Dodd Kohl Bond Brown Grassley Murkowski Dorgan Lautenberg Simon Burns Gregg Nickles Exon Leahy Wellstone So the motion to lay on the table the Campbell Hatch Packwood Coats Hatfield NOT VOTING—1 amendment (No. 1131) was agreed to. Pressler Cochran Helms Roth Bond Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I Cohen Hutchison Santorum move to reconsider the vote. Coverdell Inhofe So the motion to table the amend- Craig Jeffords Shelby Mr. EXON. I move to lay that motion Simpson ment (No. 1130) was agreed to. D’Amato Kassebaum Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I on the table. DeWine Kempthorne Smith Dole Kyl Snowe move to reconsider the vote by which The motion to lay on the table was Domenici Lieberman the motion was agreed to. agreed to.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00026 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7307 VOTE ON AMENDMENT NO. 1128 Boxer Gramm Moseley-Braun did it was the clerk read one sentence The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Bradley Grams Moynihan explaining it and we voted. Breaux Grassley Murkowski question now occurs on Amendment Brown Gregg Murray Mrs. BOXER. Mr. President, I think I No. 1128 offered by the Senator from Bryan Harkin Nickles can enlighten my friend. It is this Sen- Maine [Ms. SNOWE]. Bumpers Hatch Nunn ator’s intention to use only about 5 or Burns Hatfield The yeas and nays have been ordered. Packwood 6 minutes, then to yield back my time Campbell Heflin Pell Chafee Helms on this amendment to my ranking The clerk will call the roll. Pressler Cohen Hollings The bill clerk called the roll. Pryor member, Senator EXON, and then he Conrad Hutchison will yield to other Senators to explain Mr. LOTT. I announce that the Sen- Coverdell Inhofe Reid ator from Missouri [Mr. BOND] is nec- D’Amato Inouye Robb their amendments. That is the plan. essarily absent. Daschle Jeffords Roth Mr. DOMENICI. That is fine. I just DeWine Kassebaum Santorum want Senators to know that even if the The PRESIDING OFFICER. Are there Sarbanes Dodd Kennedy Senator yields her time I do not have any other Senators in the Chamber de- Dole Kerrey Shelby siring to vote? Domenici Kerry Simon to yield my time. I would like to get The result was announced—yeas 39, Dorgan Kohl Simpson some understanding of how we are Exon Lautenberg Snowe nays 60, as follows: going to use the time because I will use Faircloth Leahy Specter an hour in opposition. On the other [Rollcall Vote No. 185 Leg.] Feingold Levin Stevens Feinstein Lieberman hand, we might be able to work out YEAS—39 Thomas Ford Lugar Thurmond something, if the Senator would like. Abraham Harkin Murkowski Frist Mack Warner Mr. EXON. I appreciate the attitude Akaka Hatch Pressler Glenn McConnell Wellstone Biden Helms Rockefeller Graham Mikulski expressed by the chairman of the Budg- et Committee. I appreciate the re- Bingaman Hollings Roth NAYS—14 Bradley Kassebaum Santorum marks and the agreement made by the Brown Kempthorne Simon Ashcroft Gorton McCain Senator from California. Campbell Kennedy Simpson Byrd Johnston Rockefeller What we are trying to do is give Sen- Chafee Kyl Snowe Coats Kempthorne Smith Cohen Levin Specter Cochran Kyl Thompson ators on this side 2 or 3 minutes to ex- Feingold Lott Stevens Craig Lott plain amendments that will later be of- Frist Lugar Thomas fered, and trying to use the time in Grams McCain Thurmond NOT VOTING—1 Grassley Moseley-Braun Wellstone Bond that fashion. Hopefully we can cooper- ate. NAYS—60 So the amendment (No. 1133) was Mr. DOMENICI. I wonder if the Sen- Ashcroft Dorgan Lautenberg agreed to. ator might permit me. I will depend on Baucus Exon Leahy Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I the Senator from Nebraska totally. Bennett Faircloth Lieberman move to reconsider the vote by which Boxer Feinstein Mack When she yields, if the Senator from Breaux Ford McConnell the amendment was agreed to. Nebraska would use 10 minutes or so Mr. REID. I move to lay that motion Bryan Glenn Mikulski while I am off the floor, then I will Bumpers Gorton Moynihan on the table. come back. Burns Graham Murray The motion to lay on the table was Byrd Gramm Nickles Mr. EXON. I will be able to use that, Coats Gregg Nunn agreed to. or as much time that the Senator from Mr. EXON. Mr. President, I believe Cochran Hatfield Packwood New Mexico cares to be gone. Conrad Heflin Pell now we would proceed under the pre- Mr. DOMENICI. I thank the Senator Coverdell Hutchison Pryor viously agreed to order. I yield such Craig Inhofe Reid very much. I would like to use mine in D’Amato Inouye Robb time as she may need to the Senator opposition. Daschle Jeffords Sarbanes from the State of California. AMENDMENT NO. 1134 DeWine Johnston Shelby The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- Dodd Kerrey Smith (Purpose: To strengthen the sense of the ator from California [Mrs. BOXER]. Dole Kerry Thompson Congress that 90 percent of the benefits of Domenici Kohl Warner Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, will any tax cuts must go to the middle class) the Senator yield on my time? NOT VOTING—1 Mrs. BOXER. Of course. I am happy Mrs. BOXER. Mr. President, I send an Bond to yield. amendment to the desk and ask for its So the amendment (No. 1128) was re- Mr. DOMENICI. How much time re- immediate consideration. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The jected. mains on the bill? The PRESIDING OFFICER. One hour clerk will report. Mr. GLENN. Mr. President, I move to The assistant legislative clerk read forty-nine minutes. reconsider the vote. as follows: Mr. EXON. Mr. President, I move to Mr. DOMENICI. It is divided about The Senator from California [Mrs. BOXER] lay that motion on the table. equally? Mr. EXON. I believe the time rests proposes an amendment numbered 1134. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Mrs. BOXER. Mr. President, I ask objection, it is so ordered. with the minority. Is that correct? unanimous consent that reading of the VOTE ON AMENDMENT NO. 1133 The PRESIDING OFFICER. The time amendment be dispensed with. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The controlled by the Senator from Ne- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without question now occurs on amendment braska is 1 hour and 49 minutes. objection, it is so ordered. numbered 1133, offered by the Senator Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I The amendment is as follows: from Oregon [Mr. HATFIELD]. On page 89, strike line 1 through 17 and in- want to remind Senators that when sert the following: The yeas and nays have been ordered. that 1 hour and 49 minutes is up—and, The clerk will call the roll. SEC. 306. PROHIBITION OF LEGISLATION THAT obviously, if the Senator uses the full WOULD INCLUDE A TAX CUT UNLESS The legislative clerk called the roll. hour—we will use a full hour on our 90 PERCENT OF THE BENEFITS GO Mr. LOTT. I announce that the Sen- side on the amendment. Then there TO THE MIDDLE CLASS. ator from Missouri [Mr. BOND] is nec- will not be any time left. (a) FINDING.—The Congress finds that— essarily absent. (1) the incomes of middle-class families It would seem to me that we ought to have stagnated since the early 1980’s, with The PRESIDING OFFICER. Are there try to expedite things and find out how family incomes growing more slowly be- any other Senators in the Chamber de- many amendments are real. I will try tween 1979 and 1989 than in any other busi- siring to vote? to do that in the next 10 minutes; find ness cycle since World War II; and The result was announced—yeas 85, out exactly how many amendments we (2) according to the Department of the nays 14, as follows: must have on our side. I hope we will Treasury, in 1996, approximately 90 percent of American families will have incomes less [Rollcall Vote No. 186 Leg.] try because I think Senators must than $100,000. YEAS—85 know. Last year, on the budget resolu- (b) POINT OF ORDER.—It shall not be in Abraham Baucus Biden tion, there were 20 or 35 amendments, order in the Senate to consider any bill, res- Akaka Bennett Bingaman and the way the majority leader then olution, amendment, motion, or conference

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00027 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7308 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 24, 1995 report that contains a reduction in revenues break. That is what is hidden in the so- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- unless at least 90 percent of the benefits of called reserve for tax cuts. That is ator has used 5 minutes now. There that reduction goes to working families with what the House has already voted on. were 6. She has two additional min- annual incomes less than $100,000. We know that corporate subsidies are utes. (c) APPEALS.—Appeals in the Senate from protected and tax loopholes are saved. decisions of the Chair relating to this section Mrs. BOXER. I thank the Chair. shall be limited to 1 hour, to be equally di- As a matter of fact, when we tried even So every single Republican save one vided between and controlled by, the appel- to end the one that goes to the billion- voted for the sense of the Senate. Now lant and the manager of the bill or resolu- aire Benedict Arnolds who leave the we are putting some teeth into that tion, as the case may be. An affirmative vote country to avoid taxes, we could not sense-of-the-Senate resolution. Now we of three-fifths of the Members of the Senate, even get that one through. are saying if the Republicans come up duly chosen and sworn, shall be required in I think another chart by the Demo- with a tax cut that benefits the rich, it the Senate to sustain an appeal of the ruling cratic leader shown to us in this debate will take 60 votes to allow that tax cut of the Chair on a point of order raised under tells the story. Working families pay to move forward. This is a chance for this section. for GOP tax cuts for wealthy. Here is (d) CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE RE- my Republican friends to stand up and PORTS.—Whenever the Director of the Con- the family. Seniors pay $6,400 more due be counted for the middle class. gressional Budget Office shall prepare a re- to the changes in Medicare. Working Now, in the course of this debate, port pursuant to section 308 of the Congres- families pay $1,400 more because of the Senator GREGG, Senator BROWN, and sional Budget Act of 1974 in connection with changes in the earned-income tax cred- Senator DOMENICI referenced my sense- a bill, resolution, or conference report that it. Students pay $3,000 more over the of-the-Senate resolution that passed contains a reduction in revenues, the Direc- lifetime of the loans because of the and is part of the budget resolution. tor shall so state in that report, and, to the change in the cuts in student loans. extent practicable, shall include an estimate They said this Senate is on record; we So that is who is paying for the tax believe that tax cuts should go to the of the amount of the reduction in revenues cuts for the wealthy. Who? Those over and the percent of the benefits of that reduc- middle class and the middle class only. tion in revenue that will go to working fami- $350,000 will get a $20,000 tax cut. That Well, now is where the rubber meets lies with annual incomes less than $100,000. is in the contract, and that has been the road. They have a chance to cast (e) ESTIMATES.—Solely for the purposes of voted by the Republican House. their vote on the side of those earning enforcement of this section on the Senate Now, will there be tax cuts? We hear $100,000 or less. They have a chance to floor, the percentage of benefits of a reduc- the chairman of the Budget Committee say that those will be the only tax cuts tion in revenues going to working families saying there are not going to be tax that come before us. with annual incomes less than $100,000 shall cuts. ‘‘I do not have them in there. It is be determined on the basis of estimates I say to my colleagues, this is an op- going to be awhile.’’ portunity to stand with the middle made by the Congressional Budget Office. I say to my friends that there are (f) SUNSET.—This section shall expire at class, to stand with those hard-working going to be tax cuts. Look at what the the close of the 104th Congress. Americans and to say to those who majority leader says, Senator DOLE. earn over $350,000, over $250,000: Listen, Mrs. BOXER. Mr. President, I ask ‘‘We are going to have tax cuts.’’ It you are great Americans, but it is time unanimous consent that I be able to does not say ‘‘maybe.’’ It says, ‘‘We are for you to pay your fair share and it is speak for 6 minutes. going to have tax cuts.’’ He said it on The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without time for others to get some of the May 9. He said it on March 11. ‘‘I am objection, it is so ordered. breaks that you have received. certain that Senate tax cuts will be as Mrs. BOXER. Mr. President, we are I think it is important to close with big in magnitude as the House,’’ Sen- asking the question again with this a quote from Kevin Phillips, a Repub- ator DOLE. Boxer amendment: ‘‘Whose side are you lican, who said about this budget the Senator GRAMM: on?’’ And with many amendments that following: I don’t think a budget without a tax cut have come before this body which have can pass. Spending on Government programs for all been revenue neutral which have Medicare and education to home heating oil And we know that is true because not added 1 cent to the deficit, we have assistance is to be reduced in ways that hurt Senator FEINGOLD just had an amend- asked this question: ‘‘Whose side are the poor and middle class, while simulta- ment that would have taken that little you on?″ neously taxes are to be cut in ways that ben- honeypot and put it toward deficit re- efit the top 1 or 2 percent of Americans. I think that this Boxer amendment duction, and it went down because Re- gives all of us a chance to answer that Kevin Phillips closes his remarks, publicans voted against it. question one more time. and he says about this budget, with So to UPI, Senator GRAMM said in The amendment says that the only these tax cuts in it: March: tax cuts that will be in order in this It deserves to be rejected with outrage. Let me assure you that tax cuts are in Congress will be tax cuts where 90 per- order in the Republican Senate. I am for Those are his words, a Republican cent of the benefits go to those earning them. They are part of our Contract With who has looked at this budget. I think under $100,000 per year. Any other tax America. that the Boxer amendment that clearly cut plan will be subjected to a 60-vote So that really shows you the facts. points out that a point of order will lie point of order. There is going to be a tax cut, and against any tax cut that does not ben- So this is our opportunity to really what this Senator from California is efit the middle class is one which we take a stand with the middle class, not saying is, if there are going to be tax should all agree to and vote for in a bi- just in words but in actual votes. cuts, let us make sure they go to those partisan way. I thank the Chair. Why is this amendment necessary? earning under $100,000. I think it is I yield my time back to the Senator Simply because the Republican con- very important. from Nebraska. tract calls for tax cuts for the very Now, I want to say to my friends who Mr. JOHNSTON. Mr. President, will wealthy, the very top 1, 2 percent of are debating in their mind how they the Senator yield to me? the people, and I would like to point are going to vote that in the com- Mrs. BOXER. I have yielded my time this out, courtesy of Senator LAUTEN- mittee, every single Republican except back to the Senator from Nebraska. BERG. We have some facts here. one, Senator GRAMM, voted for the The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. The winners in the Republican budg- Boxer amendment that was a sense-of- INHOFE). The Senator from Nebraska. et clearly are wealthy. Nothing that the-Senate that said 90 percent of the Mr. EXON. We are now going to go has happened on this floor has changed tax cuts should go to those earning forward in an orderly fashion. I yield 2 it. Indeed, the amendments that we $100,000 or less. minutes to the Senator from Lou- had, which would have helped this bal- I ask for 1 additional minute. isiana. Following the Senator from ance tilt back toward the middle class, The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- Louisiana, I had committed to yield 1 have gone down in flames because of ate will be in order. minute to the Senator from Maryland, party-line votes. Without objection, it is so ordered. 2 minutes to the other Senator from So clearly the winners are the rich, The Senator has 1 additional minute. Maryland, 2 minutes to the Senator $350,000 a year, and this Republican Mrs. BOXER. Is that the remainder from New Mexico, 4 minutes to the budget will give them a $20,000 tax of my time? Senator from Massachusetts, 2 minutes

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00028 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7309 to the Senator from Nevada, and then This I think is a breach of the con- people at the National Institutes of we will go to a main amendment of the tract with the Federal employees. I Health that we just extolled the vir- Senator from North Dakota. think it is clearly unfair to them. The tues of when we supported NIH. Mr. JOHNSTON addressed the Chair. amendment honoring our contract with We talked a great deal about a won- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- Federal employees is paid for by clos- derful physician by the name of Dr. ator from Louisiana is recognized. ing the billionaires’ tax loophole that Rosenberg who has devoted his life to Mr. JOHNSTON. Mr. President, the allows very wealthy people to escape saving lives and curing cancer, and now Johnston amendment takes the $170 paying taxes by renouncing their this amendment will cut his Federal billion fund which is reserved exclu- American citizenship. pension. It is both a reality and a met- sively for tax cuts and permits such Mr. President, I regret that Federal aphor for people who gave up careers part of that as the Senate wishes to al- employees are constantly being used as that would have paid more in the pri- locate to reduce the cuts in Medicare. whipping boys in the course of these vate sector but wanted to serve their Under the Domenici proposal now be- budget deliberations. Behind the country and they thought they would fore the Senate, there is $257 billion cut phrase Federal worker are individual have an adequate health insurance plan from Medicare in the amounts shown men and women who every day go in and a reasonable retirement plan. in each of these years. What I would do and try to do a dedicated job and So, Mr. President, I really ask the is authorize that the $170 billion be re- render a service to the American peo- U.S. Senate to support the Sarbanes- stored in the manner shown here so ple. They perform critical and impor- Mikulski amendment to ensure that that net cuts in Medicare would tant functions each and every day with promises made are promises kept and amount to only one-third of those pro- a great deal of dedication and a great that we can continue to attract the posed by Senator DOMENICI. There deal of devotion, and in my judgment kind of quality work force for the Fed- would be no cuts at all in the first 2 they are entitled to be treated with eral Government that we have had. years and a minimal cut in the third dignity and respect. Mr. DOMENICI addressed the Chair. year, and overall there would be less Federal employees have already in The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- than a third the cuts which are pres- the various deficit reduction programs ator from New Mexico. ently proposed. Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I Mr. President, this amendment made very significant sacrifices. We yield myself 15 minutes in opposition places in stark contrast the fact that are talking about men and women who to the Boxer amendment. Medicare cuts are not required in order have worked hard in service to their The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- to balance the budget. At least two- country. They have earned their bene- ator from New Mexico. thirds of those cuts are not required to fits, and the rules ought not to be Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, let me balance the budget. Two-thirds of the changed on them as they are approach- suggest to my good friend if we would Medicare cuts proposed by Senator ing retirement. The existing provision, the 3-year like to build a little bit of back and DOMENICI and now backed by the Sen- forth on this, I am more than willing. ate are required to lower taxes, and to provision, has been in effect for more Otherwise, we will use the hour in op- lower taxes on the wealthy, not re- than a quarter of a century. People quired to balance the budget. have calculated their retirement and position to the Boxer amendment. I Mr. President, this does not require their ability to meet their financial ob- would very much like to know where that we spend the money to reduce ligations based on the current system, we are. Medicare cuts, but it authorizes that. and we ought not to come along at the Mr. REID addressed the Chair. And I will tell my colleagues that we very end and change the rules on them, The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- have not the foggiest notion how we by shifting the basis on which their re- ator from Nevada. are going to achieve those Medicare tirement is being calculated. Mr. REID. Mr. President, if I could cuts. We have not been told. We are The truth is that Federal workers direct a question through you to the told there might be a commission ap- give dedicated service to their country manager of the bill, to the chairman. pointed. What I am saying is the Sen- and have earned their benefits. They The Senator was off the floor. There ate ought to have the freedom to de- made a choice to serve their country are a few of us here that have only a cide whether or not, after this budget with an understanding of what that couple of minutes to explain what our resolution passes, and after we make service entailed and what they could amendments would be, and it would that $170 billion in savings, we ought to expect in return. To change the rules probably be that we will only have a have the freedom to spend that $170 bil- breaches the contract with these em- couple minutes to maybe get these out lion to reduce the impact of Medicare ployees. This is an issue of fairness and of the way. Would that be possible? cuts on our senior citizens. I urge my colleagues to join me in sup- Mr. DOMENICI. The way it is now, All the public opinion polls say 80 port of this important amendment. you have an hour, the rest of an hour, percent of the people of this country Ms. MIKULSKI addressed the Chair. and I have an hour. I would like to be are opposed to these deep Medicare The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- accommodating. cuts. Now, why does the Senate want ator from Maryland [Ms. MIKULSKI], is Mr. EXON. I simply say to my friend, to lock itself into reducing Medicare recognized for 1 minute. we want to be accommodating, too. We by that much when all we have to do is Ms. MIKULSKI. I thank the Chair. know the situation we are in. I have give ourselves the freedom to take the Mr. President, I rise in strong sup- three additional Senators which I had tax cut for the wealthy and spend it to port of the Sarbanes-Mikulski amend- assigned time, of which Senator REID is reduce the Medicare cuts? ment which strikes the provision which one of them. There is 1 minute, 2 min- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- cuts Federal employee retirement ben- utes, and 2 minutes. If we could accom- ator’s time has expired. efits. The proposed change in the budg- modate those Senators who have been The Senator from Maryland is recog- et resolution would reduce lifetime re- waiting—and I do not want to be un- nized for 2 minutes. tirement benefits for Federal employ- fair—for the next 5 minutes, at least RETIREMENT BENEFITS OF FEDERAL EMPLOYEES ees between 2 and 4 percent. we would take care of the first round of Mr. SARBANES. Mr. President, the Now, that might not sound like that the attempts that this Senator is try- amendment which I will be sending to much, but for an average Federal work- ing to make to accommodate a whole the desk at the proper time on behalf er, that could mean as much as a loss group of Senators on this side who of myself, Senator MIKULSKI, Senator of $27,000 or more over a lifetime. want to speak. WARNER, Senator ROBB, and Senator Mr. President, this is outrageous. We Could we complete the first round, in BINGAMAN goes directly at a provision are changing the rules of the game on line with the question from the Sen- that is in the budget resolution which Federal employees in the middle of ator from Nevada? is going to change the calculation of their career or near the end of their ca- Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I retirement benefits for Federal em- reer. I have Federal employees in my yield the floor and reserve my 15 min- ployees from the employee’s highest 3- State, 130,000 of them. They are the ci- utes until the Senator’s wishes as ex- year average to the highest 5-year av- vilian work force that makes your Air pressed are completed. Then I will erage. Force One keep flying. They are the speak in opposition to the amendment.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00029 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7310 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 24, 1995 The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who that is our National Park System. And Rehabilitation of park structures, seeks recognition? that will only partially do it, because roads, trails, and utility systems is Mr. BINGAMAN addressed the Chair. there is a $2 billion backlog. I will critical to the health and safety of visi- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- apply the $1 billion toward this. tors as well as employees. With in- ator from New Mexico is recognized for Mr. President, I rise today to propose creased visitation to our national park 2 minutes. an amendment to the 1996 Budget Rec- system the proposed decrease in fund- CIVILIAN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT onciliation Act that over the next 7 ing is going to limit the Park Service’s Mr. BINGAMAN. Mr. President, I years would restore $1 billion in fund- ability to serve the public. ing to the National Park Service to al- wanted to speak just briefly on an There are many examples of the ter- amendment that I will be offering, leviate its devastating maintenance backlog. These fund would be drawn rible conditions that have befallen our along with Senators LIEBERMAN, national treasures. In my own State of ROCKEFELLER, BIDEN, HOLLINGS, BYRD, from the $170 billion reserve fund. With my amendment the money can only be Nevada, the Lake Mead National and KERRY from Massachusetts for a Recreation Area has an antiquated vote later on today. used for restoration, renovation, or maintenance of our national parks. water treatment system. After State The amendment attempts to restore officials inspected the park’s various some of the funds that are proposed to As Teddy Roosevelt, the man most responsible for the conservation move- water treatment facilities they noti- be eliminated in the civilian research fied the park service that because of and development accounts. This ment involving our public lands once said and I quote, ‘‘Surely our people do surface water facility deficiencies, amendment is attempting to retain as water supplied in areas of the park much as we can of the U.S. science and not understand even yet the rich herit- age that is theirs. There can be nothing poses an acute risk to human health. technology enterprise which has The park then posted signs requesting brought such great results to our coun- in the world more beautiful than the Yosemite, the groves of giant sequoias visitors to boil their water before try and to the world. drinking. For a park that received 10 This chart, I believe, sums it up very and redwoods, the canyon of Colorado, the canyon of Yellowstone, the tetons; million visitors last year this is an out- well. This shows what has happened to rage. As a result of the current budget Federal civilian research and develop- and our people should see to it that they are preserved for their children proposals it may take as long as 10 ment as a percentage of gross domestic years before this problem is corrected. product from 1960 until the end of this and their children’s children forever, century if we were to take the budget with their majestic beauty all Here are some other examples that il- proposal that is now pending on the unmarred.’’ These words spoken by lustrate my concerns of what can be Senate floor. As you can see, under the Theodore Roosevelt in 1905 ring true expected if this budget becomes an re- today. But, the very government, this proposed GOP budget, there will be an ality. At Independence National His- Congress, that has been given the re- additional dramatic drop off in Federal torical Park there would be extensive sponsibility to protect the crown jew- support for civilian research and devel- building closures—total or partial clo- els, better known as our national parks opment. This includes the National In- sure of 11 of the 14 buildings open to and recreation areas, is abdicating that stitutes of Health funding which we the public resulting in elimination of trust. 700,000 to 800,000 park visits. earlier had a vote on, but it also in- That is why I have come to the floor cludes many other areas of funding today to highlight a matter of national At Yosemite National Park, oper- that the Federal Government supports concern. I am speaking of the out- ational oversight of concessions would in the research and development area. rageous and deplorable conditions of be reduced. Campfire programs and vis- You can see the last year we had a our national parks and recreation itor centers hours would be reduced balanced budget in this country, about areas. The spending cuts proposed by and some visitor centers would simply 1968–1969, we were spending something this budget would reverse a long- close. Preventative maintenance on fa- in the range of 0.7 of our gross domes- standing trend of committed support cilities would cease and cutbacks in tic product on civilian research and de- by the citizens of this nation to the snow removal would delay road open- velopment. If this budget is adopted, continued preservation and protection ings over mountain passes. Addition- we will be spending less than 0.3 per- of its National Park System. ally, campground seasons would be cent, less than half of that. We will be In today’s environment of fiscal re- shortened and horse and backcountry spending substantially less as a coun- sponsibility it is interesting that some patrols would be reduced. Also, visitor try than our competitors in other parts in this body and the leadership in the protection responses would be reactive of the world. House are calling for a tax cut for the only and limited to life threatening I believe our amendment is impor- wealthiest Americans. The tax breaks emergencies or criminal incidents in- tant. I know Senators LIEBERMAN and in the House-passed Contract With volving threats to persons. ROCKEFELLER intend to speak on it America tax bill will mostly benefit In Rocky Mountain National Park, later, as well. those families with incomes over the drastic reduction in seasonal park I have used my time and I yield the $100,000, the top twelve percent of in- ranger staff would cut essential per- floor. come distribution in this country. In sonnel available for search, rescue, law Mr. REID addressed the Chair. essence these cuts are going to those enforcement, and other emergency The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- who can afford to travel anywhere for services. Three of five visitor informa- ator from Nevada. vacation. tion centers would be closed. Not to RESTORING FUNDING TO NATIONAL PARKS However, millions of less affluent mention that the two remaining cen- Mr. REID. Mr. President, our na- Americans in 1994 traveled to one or ters and all campgrounds would be tional parks are in a state of embar- more of our national parks for their va- open only from Memorial Day through rassing disrepair. As an example, water cations and in many instances found Labor Day. systems in one of our busiest national these facilities in some form of dis- At Redwood National Park, all non- park areas has been closed because of repair. water not meeting minimal standards. It defies common sense to think that discretionary funds would be elimi- In short, it is not safe to drink. Congress will approve a tax cut and nated forcing severe reduction of the We will be closing visitor centers, then proceed to pass a budget that will temporary workforce, and operating closing roads and trails, closing public decimate our national parks. In es- supplies which would minimize mainte- buildings, closing campgrounds; and sence, funding for the National Park nance on buildings, grounds, trails and law enforcement reductions will occur, Service continues to be inadequate to roads due to lack of supplies and mate- to name but a few. meet public use needs. With this budg- rials and shortage of personnel to com- My amendment, which I will offer, et, the current maintenance backlog of plete the work. will seek $1 billion from the proposed over two billion dollars is simply going Mount Rainer National Park would tax cuts and instead give the money to to grow and grow causing portions of also suffer in this current and future partially restore, renovate, and main- the parks to become unavailable to the budget cycle. The park would see its tain our beautiful national heritage— public. interpretive programs eliminated and

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00030 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7311 the inventory of endangered spotted In closing, Mr. President, I would which is to balance the budget. The budget is owls and marbled murrilette would not like to leave you more sound advice hardly going to be balanced with the minus- be accomplished. This in turn would from Theodore Roosevelt: cule savings achieved by eliminating the presidential campaign fund. * * * It is going lead to the degradation of other nat- To waste, to destroy, our natural re- to be balanced by getting the snouts of spe- ural resources such as fragile alpine sources, to skin and exhaust the land instead cial interests out of the public trough. But meadows. Not to mention the scaling of using it so as to increase its usefulness, special interest snouts won’t be kept out back of ranger patrols and reduced will result in undermining in the days of our after they are invited deeper into American campground operating hours with re- children the very prosperity which we ought political campaigns.’’ ductions in maintenance and cleaning. by right to hand down to them amplified and developed. Mr. President, we must not stand by [From the Atlanta Constitution, May 22, and allow our national parks to simply Mr. KERRY addressed the Chair. 1995] rot. While in the short-term this budg- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- PRESIDENCY TO HIGHEST BIDDER? et proposal would save money, it ator from Massachusetts is recognized Tucked away in the 90-page deficit-reduc- would, over the long run lead to irre- for 4 minutes. tion blueprint of Senate budget Chairman Peter Domenici (R-N.M.) are two lines that PRESIDENTIAL CAMPAIGN FINANCE SYSTEM versible consequences, and irrevocable would make only a slight dent in federal ex- damage to the nation’s heritage and Mr. KERRY. Mr. President, I call up penses—less than $50 million a year—but legacy. I want to reemphasize the point an amendment at the desk on behalf of could drastically and perniciously alter the that all National Park Service sites, myself, Senators SIMON, FORD, FEIN- way America picks its presidents. will be affected, including the rep- GOLD, BRADLEY, BIDEN, and WELLSTONE. The two lines call for the termination, resentative symbols of our democracy. I ask unanimous consent that several starting in the year 2000, of the presidential For example, the Statue of Liberty/ campaign fund, which is financed by tax- letters and editorials supporting the payers’ check-offs on their income tax re- Ellis Island, Washington Monument, existing campaign finance law be print- turns and then made available every four Independence Hall, Jefferson Memorial, ed in the RECORD. years to qualifying candidates for president Mount Rushmore, Fort McHenry, and There being no objection, the mate- during both primary and general election Martin Luther King, Jr. National His- rial was ordered to be printed in the campaigns. torical Site. RECORD, as follows: So what’s So wrong with this particular The impact of the current budget program elimination? Plenty. STATEMENTS IN SUPPORT OF PRESIDENTIAL proposals in years one and two force Public financing of bids for the White CAMPAIGN FINANCE SYSTEM House was a reform born in the aftermath of the park service to curtail visiting The bipartisan Commission on National the Watergate scandal. Its whole purpose hours at Independence National Histor- Elections, headed by Melvin Laird, Secretary was to avoid a repeat of the corrupting ex- ical Park and many buildings would be of Defense in the Nixon Administration, and cesses of the 1972 Nixon campaign, which entirely closed. The Statue of Liberty Robert Strauss, former chair of the Demo- amassed millions of dollars more than it would be closed at least 1 day a week. cratic National Committee, recognized the knew what to do with, legally. In years three through five the impacts value and success of the presidential cam- Considering the climate of cynicism about are expected to be more extreme. For paign finance system. The Commission con- politics these days, the justification for pub- cluded: ‘‘Public financing of presidential lic campaign financing may sound hopelessly example, with staffing levels further idealistic, but it is fundamentally sound: The reduced, extensive and prolonged park elections has clearly proven its worth in opening up the process, reducing undue influ- presidency ought not be up for auction. No closures could occur. Many of the park ence of individuals and groups, and virtually contestant for the office ought to have a services resources would be subjected ending corruption in presidential election fi- wildly disproportionate funding advantage. to unacceptable levels of risk per- nance. This major reform of the 1970s should Serious candidates ought to have enough taining to loss through deterioration, be continued.’’ money to get their messages across through- theft, fire, and other factors. Former Senator Paul Laxalt (R-NV), who out the country without becoming beholden Mr. President, let us reflect for a mo- chaired the 1976, 1980 and 1984 presidential to powerful individual donors or interest groups. ment on the responsibility that has campaigns for President Reagan, also praised the presidential campaign finance system. In The budget resolution may have Domen- been delegated to the National Park ici’s name on it, but the fingerprints of Sen. Service. The Park Service is comprised discussing the campaign finance problems in Congress, Senator Laxalt said, ‘‘The problem Mitch McConnell (R-Ky.) are all over the two of 368 park units covering more than 80 is so bad we ought to start thinking about lines in question. He is an unabashed oppo- nent of public financing and delights in mis- million acres in 49 States. The physical federal financing’’ of House and Senate cam- representing it as ‘‘food stamps for politi- inventory alone consists of 15,000 build- paigns. ‘‘It was anathema to me * * * but in cians.’’ He believes that since the Repub- ings, 5,200 housing units, 1,400 bridges, my experience with the [Reagan] presi- licans, who currently are taking a king’s dential campaigns, it worked, and it was like 8,000 miles of roads, 125 sewage treat- ransom in special-interest contributions, are a breath of fresh air.’’ ment plants, and 1,300 water systems. in a position to kill public financing, they The New York Times calls the presidential Simply put, the insufficient funding should go for it. So there. campaign finance system ‘‘the best existing levels proposed by this bill, in addition Senate Majority Leader Bob Dole is hardly counterweight to the dominance of check- to new facilities and requirements as- less enthusiastic about sinking the pro- writing special interests in national politics. gram—for the campaign in 2000, that is. sociated with the addition of 12 new * * * This public financing has worked re- parks since 1991, will cause the Park Whatever principles he may have on the markably well to minimize the financial ad- matter don’t apply to his immediate situa- Service to continue to fall behind in vantage of the party in power and reduce tion. He’ll happily accept whatever millions maintaining these structures, thereby candidates’ dependence on wealthy favor- be qualified for to pay for his 1996 candidacy. contributing to a mounting backlog of seekers.’’ Democrats, who blew their change to re- deficiencies. The net result will be in- The Washington Post says the presidential form campaign financing rules for Congress creased costs in the future and the sub- campaign finance system is ‘‘hugely impor- in the last session, promise to do what they sequent loss of some irreplaceable and tant to efforts aimed at limiting the impact can to save the presidential campaign sys- of campaign fund-raising on the presidency.’’ tem, but they don’t appear to have the num- irretrievable resources. It notes that the system ‘‘has actually Let me reemphasize the point that bers. A veto may be the only recourse, and worked.’’ since the regression the McConnell cham- the effect of this action would result in According to The Wall Street Journal’s pions is so profound, President Clinton outcomes immediately visible to the columnist Gerald F. Seib, ‘‘Whatever else should be readying one. public, such as, deferred maintenance, may be said about presidential campaigns of Public financing, it must be conceded, is closures of campgrounds, and closures the last two decades, they have been largely not a widely popular notion. Only about 15 of visitor facilities. We must and can free of charges of serious financial corrup- percent of taxpayers dedicate $3 each of their find other savings offsets in our quest tion. And the elections themselves have been taxes for the presidential campaign fund. fair and competitive. * * * [T]his is one part to reduce the Federal deficit. These What that shows is that too few Americans of the system that doesn’t seem broke.’’ have considered the alternative—that absent parks are one of the great legacy’s Seib wrote of the effort to repeal the presi- public financing, our country may get the which we will leave our children. Lets dential campaign finance system, ‘‘And ulti- best president that money with strings at- not leave them underdeveloped and mately, this change would undercut what is tached ban buy. rundown. supposed to be the GOP’s very purpose, America should strive to do better.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00031 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7312 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 24, 1995 [From the Kennebec Journal, May 18, 1995] didates have been funded in the primaries by after the 1996 election cycle. That would MONEY, MONEY, AND MORE MONEY small individual givers and by federal mean current GOP senators eyeing the White As congressional Republicans work to dis- matching funds, and in the general election House—among them, Majority Leader Bob mantle the one significant campaign finance by the presidential fund alone. Bill Clinton Dole and Texan Phil Gramm—would still reform measure of our time—public funding and George Bush each received $55 million in benefit next year. But the real benefit of the checkoff goes to of presidential races—the influence of pri- 1992. It has worked. The benefits of the fund the public. That’s why, if a revision this sig- vate money upon the making of public policy have been watered down in recent years by nificant is to be examined, it should be done continues to be a national disgrace. rulings allowing the parties to collect huge According to former Senate Majority separately so that the proposal can be judged sums of ‘‘soft money’’ contributions that Leader George Mitchell, who fought hard if on its own merits. support campaigns indirectly. The Federal Once that happens, and Americans really unsuccessfully to reform the system, big Elections Commission needs to close this understand what’s at stake, it is unlikely money contributions may not actually buy gaping loophole. But far from eliminating that they will choose to forsake a system of votes but they do buy access to members of the fund, it should be expanded to include such demonstrated worth. Over two decades, Congress. ‘‘I think it obviously creates the appear- candidates for Congress so the nation’s legis- the checkoff system has shrunk the influ- ance of conflict and casts doubt on the inde- lators would not have to continue selling ence of big-money interests, helped clean up pendence of judgment,’’ says Mitchell in a themselves to special interests to raise the the process of choosing American presidents new book on the subject produced by the requisite thousands of dollars a day. The and returned that process closer to the Center for Responsive Politics. ‘‘I think it only other problem with the system—uncer- American people. reduces respect for the institution and the tain cash flow—was addressed this year when [From the New York Times, May 16, 1995] product of its work.’’ the voluntary tax checkoff to finance it was However, it is far more than simply a pub- raised from $1 to $3. A SNEAKY BLOW AT CAMPAIGN FINANCE Politicians can debate the exact message lic relations problem. Big money is a cor- Senate Republicans are proposing to elimi- from voters last November, but the people rupting influence in fact as well as in appear- nate the best existing counterweight to the surely wanted cleaner government, not cor- ance, even if it only gives the contributor dominance of check-writing special interests ruption. readier access to a member of Congress than in national politics. The budget blueprint The Budget Committee chairman, Sen. competitors or ordinary citizens may enjoy. unveiled last week by Pete Domenici, chair- Pete Domenici, characterized his proposal as It is no doubt true, as Mitchell asserts, man of the Senate Budget Committee, in- ‘‘doing something right for the future of our that most special interest groups contribute cludes a call to abolish the public campaign country and for our children.’’ He was speak- to politicians who share their views rather financing system for Presidential can- ing of deficit reduction, though eliminating than attempt to sway those who do not. didates. the campaign fund would save only $45 mil- Even so, the big contribution in that case is This 20-year-old system provides matching lion. In attempting to restore balance to the used to bind goodwill and ensure a sense of funds for candidates during the primaries budget, Domenici’s proposal could return ve- mutual loyalty. and, for the general election, identical nality to the Oval Office. Clearly the giving of money in large grants to both major party candidates. The amounts to political candidates is viewed by [From The Buffalo News, May 15, 1995] system is financed by allowing taxpayers to donors as more than simply a friendly, civic- indicate on their income tax returns whether KEEP PRESIDENTIAL CHECKOFF—ENDING IT minded gesture. And it can be used as a stick they want $3 of the tax they owe to be used WOULD STRENGTHEN SPECIAL INTERESTS as much as a carrot. for the campaign fund. This public financing Think back a year or so when a Maine Hidden among proposals that have aroused has worked remarkably well to minimize the labor leader threatened to cut off campaign loud immediate objections is an ominous financial advantage of the party in power contributions to then-1st District Rep. Senate Budget Committee plan. It would and reduce candidates’ dependence on Thomas Andrews if he failed to vote against shift the presidential selection process away wealthy favor-seekers. the North American Free Trade Agreement. from average Americans and place it even The proposal to end public financing is the Call it a form of reverse bribery. Andrews ul- more in the hands of big-money special in- brainchild of Senator Mitch McConnell of timately voted against NAFTA, but swore terests. Kentucky, who also played a big role last off labor PAC contributions. It proved cost- That’s what will happen if Congress wipes year in killing a Democratic reform measure ly; he unexpectedly ended up running for out the two-decade-old system that allows that would have repaired damaging loopholes Mitchell’s Senate seat and raised far less for partial public funding of presidential in the Presidential system while reducing money than his opponent, Sen. Olympia elections by having taxpayers check a box on the influence of big money in Congressional Snowe. their income tax returns. races as well. Most candidates prudently avoid such Approving the checkoff—currently $3—has Under the G.O.P. budget proposal, the grand gestures, and, as the cost of election absolutely no impact on the size of a tax- Presidential public financing system would campaigns continues to escalate, so does the payer’s refund or the amount of taxes owed. not end until after the 1996 election. That candidate’s dependence upon special interest When taxpayers check the box, as all should, would allow the Republicans to continue money. Last year, 35 to 40 percent of the it simply means that the contributions will using public financing in their quest to drive campaign funding for winners in U.S. Senate be used to help finance the presidential se- out the incumbent Democratic President, and House races came from political action lection process. but then block public financing after they That is one of the best investments tax- committees. Overall spending in Senate hope to have recaptured the White House. payers can make in good government. It races was up a whopping 20 percent. Abolishing public financing for Presi- The system cries out for reform, not re- means candidates will be more beholden to dential campaigns would save only about $45 trenchment. For years, the Republican mi- average Americans and less beholden to spe- million a year, while destroying a worth- nority in Congress has insisted it favors ef- cial-interest groups for their money. In fact, while effort to curb the amount of special-in- fective reform while rejecting virtually this Watergate-era reform, first employed in terest money in national politics. House and every Democratic proposal to cut the flow of the 1976 campaign when Jimmy Carter chal- Senate Republicans also want to impose a cash from special interests to policy makers. lenged President Gerald Ford, is the antidote crippling funding cut on the Federal Elec- Now that the GOP is in control, we know to the poison of special-interest funding that tion Commission, the agency charged with what it meant by reform: lowering the flood has left candidates with a taint and the pub- enforcing campaign finance laws. It begins to gates. lic with a bad taste in its mouth. look like a G.O.P. war on cleaner politics. Before allowing Congress to end this re- [From the Boston Globe, May 17, 1995] form, the public should ask a simple ques- [From the Philadelphia Inquirer, May 17, tion: Without this public funding, where else 1995] WHAT ABOUT THE FAIRNESS DEFICIT? will candidates turn for money? The changes being pushed by Republican The $45 million per year raised through the WRONG-WAY PETE—DOMENICI BUGLES budget makers are so grave they understand- checkooff is a minuscule amount in a $1.5 RETREAT ON CAMPAIGN FINANCING. ably dominate public attention, but they are trillion budget. Yet, while limiting the im- ‘‘Declare victory and retreat.’’ That was crowding out some senseless proposals that pact of lobbyists, it also puts sensible limits the tart suggestion of a senator years ago on also deserve the spotlight. on campaign spending and levels the playing how to salvage the fiasco that was Vietnam. A prime example is the Senate Budget field among candidates. That helps elevate Now, another senator, Senate Budget Com- Committee proposal to eliminate the Presi- ideas over fund-raising ability as the deter- mittee Chairman Pete Domenici of New Mex- dential Campaign Fund after the 1996 elec- mining factor in campaigns. ico, has got it into his head to declare defeat tion. Senate Republicans are hypocritical and and propose retreat in an area where there’s Created post-Watergate, the fund is the less than forthright in trying to end all of actually been a major victory: public financ- single greatest political reform of modern that by slipping this provision through amid ing of presidential campaigns. US history. It took the ‘‘For Sale’’ sign off the turmoil surrounding the rest of their This post-Watergate reform has insulted the White House, moving moneyed special budget proposals. presidential campaigns from the corrupting interests out of the driver’s seat and into the The hypocrisy can be seen in the fact that influence of special-interest money. For spectator stands with the rest of us. Can- the proposal would end the checkoff system some strange reason, the budget proposal

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00032 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7313 made by Mr. Domenici last week would end paign spending. And the Democrats have candidates who are serious but without huge it. only themselves to blame for not passing interest group backing have a chance to Of all the Republican ideas for balancing more comprehensive campaign finance re- make their case. the budget, this may be the worst. By giving form while they had control of Congress. If There are problems with the system that special interests carte blanche to start sub- the GOP gets its way, the Democrats will be need to be addressed. The campaign fund has sidizing presidential candidates again, Mr. sorely punished for their own complacency. been running low, and the checkoff amount Domenici would drop White House wannabes needs to be increased. But at a time when back into the pigsty of special-interest fi- [From the San Francisco Chronicle, May 17, Congress’s emphasis should be on finding nancing where Congress still wallows. 1995] ways to reduce the impact of money on poli- Not only is the system that pays for presi- UNREFORMING CAMPAIGN FINANCE tics, this proposal moves in entirely the dential races not broken, it works quite well. When the Republicans took over Congress, wrong direction. It is also interesting that If you want to put $3 of your tax bill toward they vowed to clean up Washington and give the budget proposal would leave the current presidential campaigns, you check that op- government back to the people. So what are system in place long enough to allow Repub- tion. If you feel that public financing is sin- they doing with this hypocritical proposal in lican presidential candidates (such as Sens. ister or socialistic, you don’t. the Senate budget plan to eliminate the Dole, Gramm, Specter and Lugar) to take ad- In the primary season, the system’s match- presidential campaign-finance tax checkoff? vantage of it while the GOP is out of the ing money helps underdogs get their ideas The Watergate-inspired public-campaign- White House, and only abolish it after the across to the voters. In the general election, financing law has somewhat limited the cor- next election. it helps ensure a fair battle. rupting influence of special interests on If Mr. McConnell wants an open debate on The elimination of public financing may be presidential elections by providing each can- the merits of the public financing system, he just a sop to Sen. Mitch McConnell (R., Ky.), didate in the general election with around can encourage one. But a change this large the Senate’s leading obstructionist on cam- $60 million in voluntarily contributed tax should not happen covertly as part of the paign-financing reform; maybe Senate lead- dollars, about the same amount Richard budget process. ers will quietly drop the idea later on. Nixon spent in 1970. The use of public funds, Instead of scrapping the checkoff, Repub- [From the Valley News, May 17, 1995] licans ought to be acting to get special-inter- under a landmark Supreme Court ruling, al- est money out of congressional campaigns. lows an overall spending cap to be imposed. CASH FOR CAMPAIGNS Of course, their reforming zeal might be Without it, a run for the presidency would Hold your tears for those Republicans who muted because the majority of that money is cost an estimated $200 million. complain that special-interest groups are now flowing to them. When campaigns cost $200 million we all preparing to lay waste to the balanced-budg- It’s sad to see the Senate even toying with lose, because special interests will be free to et proposals they’re now championing. If spe- this ill-advised retreat on campaign financ- flood the presidential election process with cial-interest groups exercise undue influence ing. And it is a discredit to Mr. Domenici’s money. The fragile integrity of the demo- over the federal government, why are Repub- otherwise bold budget-balancing plan. cratic process will be the first victim. licans proposing that their influence be ex- Instead of reversing public financing, the panded? [From the Rutland Herald & the Times Republicans should join with Democrats in That is exactly what would happen if the Argus, May 21, 1995] finding ways to bring equally effective re- budget plan proposed last week by Sen. Pete form to congressional elections. GOP AND CAMPAIGN FINANCE Domenici, R–N.M., is passed intact. It con- tains a provision that calls for elimination of Over the next few weeks almost every [From The Washington Post, May 11, 1995] budget cut that the Republicans in Congress public financing of presidential campaigns. A BAD IDEA, WELL-HIDDEN have proposed will be opposed by some spe- That item would save the federal govern- cial interest group or other. But there is one Tucked away in the middle of Senate ment $45 million a year but would exact a intended cut that would harm the very fabric Budget Chairman Pete Domenici’s 97-page much greater cost in the damage it would do of our democratic process—by changing the budget blueprint are two lines describing a to the national political system. way we elect our presidents. proposal with a minuscule impact on federal Few would argue that presidential politics The GOP Senate budget resolution would spending but enormous meaning for the na- are squeaky clean. But they are far better abolish the presidential campaign financing tion’s political process. Mr. Domenici, fol- than they were before the Watergate scandal system, beginning in 1996. Eliminating public lowing a suggestion by Sen. Mitch McCon- prompted Congress to reform the system. financing of presidential campaigns would nell (R–Ky.), proposes the elimination of Presidential candidates still must raise save from $100 million and $300 million by public financing for presidential campaigns bucketfuls of money to be considered serious 2002, the date the Republicans have targeted after the 1996 election. contenders. But the prospect of matching for balancing the federal budget. This is not only a terrible idea; it also has federal contributions encourages primary The GOP wants to abolish the public cam- no place in the budget debate. A change this candidates to concentrate their fund-raising paign finance law to help provide about $350 large in the electoral system should be de- on contributions that qualify them for fed- billion in tax cuts that would benefit many bated on its own, independent of the great eral funds—relatively small donations from of their favorite corporate benefactors. It’s confrontation that is about to occur on the individuals. During the primary season, can- not hard to imagine the generosity of such deficit. The amount of money involved is didates who accept public financing agree to companies when it comes time to replenish trivial in a budgetary sense—roughly $45 abide by spending limits established for each the campaign coffers of worthy Republicans. million a year in a $1.5 trillion budget—but state. In the general election, each major Why do we use tax dollars to fund presi- hugely important to efforts aimed at lim- party nominee draws an equal amount from dential campaigns? The practice began in iting the impact of campaign fund-raising on the campaign fund (the 1992 candidates each 1974, after Watergate, which showed the na- the presidency. received $55.2 million)—placing them on tion how dramatically money can change the Public financing of presidential campaigns equal footing and reducing the need for can- political equation. Since the cost of national has actually worked. It was instituted after didates to go hat in hand to potential con- campaigns has risen so drastically, politi- the Watergate scandal revealed all sorts of tributors. cians find they must budget a larger and unsavory fund-raising shenanigans in the Problems remain. Both parties continue to larger share of their time to fund-raising— 1972 campaign. The idea is simple: The presi- abuse so-called soft-money contributions, and currying favor with potential contribu- dency ought not be put up for bid, the major donations that are made to parties and spent tors. party candidates ought to compete on a level for generic campaign purposes rather than Shouldn’t private financing of elections playing field, and the party in power should directly for candidates. But the system is far benefit Democrats as well as Republicans? In not enjoy a prohibitive financial advantage. better than the one that existed before 1973, the past, many wealthy contributors realized Existing law provides for a Presidential when candidates accepted lots of cash from that since Democrats controlled Congress, Election Campaign Fund that is financed deep-pocketed donors, many with a direct in- any Democratic candidate might become a through a voluntary $1 checkoff on income terest in federal policy. powerful committee chairman. So the tax returns. For the general election, each If public financing is abolished, the cor- moneyed interests have traditionally cov- major-party candidate draws the same rupting cancer that has severely undermined ered their bases by contributing to both can- amount from the fund—George Bush and Bill the integrity of Congress will spread to the didates in many elections. Clinton got $55.2 million each in 1992. The White House and similarly compromise its But now that the Republicans control both law also includes provisions for future public integrity. All those things we have come to houses of Congress, a fundraising gap favor- financing for any third party that makes a know and detest about the influence of able to the GOP is likely to grow even wider, substantial electoral showing (as did the money on federal legislators will afflict the as the party of big business calls in its chips independent movements of John Anderson in White House—political action committees, for the constituent service it’s currently per- 1980 and Ross Perot in 1992). And it provides nonstop fund-raising, the amassing of cam- forming. The Republicans already have for a system of matching funds in the pri- paign war chests. claimed an edge in fund-raising for 1996 cam- maries, whereby candidates who raise a cer- Few Americans are enthusiastic about pro- paigns. tain amount in private contributions qualify posals to pay for campaigns with taxpayers’ The Republicans may be able to brush for a share of the federal funds. The formula money. The notion of bankrolling some of aside the few limits that now exist on cam- puts a premium on smaller contributions, so the behavior that passes for campaigning

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00033 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7314 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 24, 1995 these days is enough to make the most ear- [Common Cause, May 23, 1995] That’s why Common Cause urges Congress nest goo-goo blanch. But it is strictly a de- STATEMENT OF FORMER WATERGATE SPECIAL to eliminate this provision from the Senate fensive strategy: The public picks up the tab PROSECUTOR ARCHIBALD COX budget proposal and to act to save the presi- to ensure that no one else does—and that no I call upon Congress to reject the tricky dential campaign finance system. A vote to kill the presidential campaign fi- one lays a greater claim on the loyalty of attempt to repeal the post-Watergate reform nance system is a vote for corruption and a the people elected to conduct the public’s of our presidential election campaigns under return to the campaign finance scandals of business. Public campaign financing needs to the pretense of budget balancing. Maintain- be expanded, not rolled back. Watergate. ing the reform costs .003 percent of the budg- The responsibility to save the presidential et. campaign finance system lies not only with MAY 23, 1995. Watergate dramatized the three-step rela- Congress, but with President Clinton as well. DEAR SENATOR ——— ———: tionship between large political contribu- If President Clinton is serious about pre- We strongly oppose the Senate Budget tions, the outcome of elections, and the gov- serving the presidential campaign finance Committee’s 1996 budget recommendation to ernmental decisions of those who win. We system, he must make clear that he will veto abolish the presidential campaign finance should never forget the acceptance of a $2- any legislation that includes a provision to system. We urge you to reject the Budget million pledge from the Milk Producers As- repeal the system. Committee’s proposal and vote to retain this sociation to the Nixon Administration, Killing the presidential campaign finance fundamental Watergate reform. which concurrently granted an increase in system would do more than eliminate the the support price of milk; the approval of The presidential public financing system is public funds available to presidential can- American Airlines’ route applications short- an essential mechanism for controlling cam- didates. Killing the presidential campaign fi- ly after a large corporate contribution to the nance system completely repeals campaign paign spending, restricting special-interest party in power; or the settlement of anti- spending limits in presidential races. The re- influence and allowing challengers to com- trust litigation against ITT Corporation, sult would be a campaign fundraising—and pete successfully with incumbents. shortly after an ITT subsidiary agreed to un- campaign spending—free-for-all, and a ‘‘For To repeal presidential public financing derwrite a large proportion of the cost of the Sale’’ sign back on the White House. would be to dismantle a vital reform that Republican National Convention. The public financing system has worked. goes to the heart of the integrity of the elec- Spurred by this corruption, Congress in Spending has been limited. Richard Nixon’s toral system for our country’s highest office. 1974 enacted the presidential campaign fi- 1972 reelection campaign raised and spent $60 Such an action would further undermine al- nance system as a vital means to restore million—the equivalent of more than $200 ready low public confidence in government public confidence in government. Through million today. That’s less than both major and the political process. this system, small individual contributions party candidates combined spent in the 1992 We strongly urge you to vote against any are matched by public funds in the primary campaigns. effort to abolish the presidential public fi- elections. The major party candidates re- Elections have been competitive. Under nancing system. ceive a grant of public funds with which to this system, four incumbents have sought re- Sincerely, conduct their general election campaigns. election—three challengers have won. And Ann McBride, President, Common Cause; Importantly, spending limits are imposed in special-interest contributions have been re- Becky Cain, President, League of both the primary and general elections. placed by dollars designated by millions of Women Voters of the United States; The system has worked. Presidential elec- taxpayers. Joan Claybrook, President, Public Cit- tions were largely cleansed of the corrupting As The Washington Post has noted, ‘‘Pub- izen; Richard Foltin, Legislative Direc- influence of special-interest money. Spend- lic financing of presidential campaigns has tor and Counsel, American Jewish ing in presidential campaigns was brought actually worked. . . . The idea is simple: The Committee; Larry Hobart, Executive under control. Candidates in the general presidency ought not be put up for bid, the Director, American Public Power Asso- election were freed from the burdens of fund- major party candidates ought to compete on ciation; Paul Mauer, Executive Direc- raising. And presidential elections, unlike a level playing field, and the party in power tor, Blue Grass Community Action congressional campaigns, became more com- should not enjoy a prohibitive financial ad- Agency; Michael F. Jacobson, Execu- petitive. Exploitation of a soft money loop- vantage.’’ tive Director, Center for Science in the hole has reduced the gains. But the system is Instead of destroying a system that has Public Interest; Stephen Brobeck, Ex- fundamentally sound. The remedy is to close worked, and worked well, for two decades, ecutive Director, Consumer Federation the soft money loophole. the Senate should instead be shutting down of America; Dixie Horning, Executive We are told that political candidates the soft money system that has emerged in Director, Gray Panthers; Leland should not campaign with taxpayers’ money. recent years. This issue is not a budget issue. The presi- Swenson, President, National Farmers The money goes to protect ourselves by dential public financing system is not a sim- Union; John Adams, Executive Direc- keeping the system honest. The alternative ple piece of a budget puzzle that can be tor, Natural Resources Defense Coun- is for candidates to campaign with special- turned off and on at will. In fact, from a fed- cil; Karen L. Hicks, Executive Direc- interest money to be repaid with much larg- eral budgetary perspective, the $45-million tor, New Hampshire Citizen Action; er government favors after the election—in program is a small amount. Fiscal responsi- Caswell A. Evans, Jr., President, Amer- short, to go back to the days of Watergate. bility comes from a Congress that will stop ican Public Health Association; Amy I urge the Congress not to repeal the cen- the financial drain that special interests im- Isaacs, National Director, Americans terpiece of the Watergate reforms. The presi- pose on the federal budget through access- for Democratic Action; Robert C. Por- dential campaign finance system must be seeking campaign contributions. Ending the ter, Executive Director, Cenla Commu- preserved. presidential campaign finance system simply nity Action Committee, Inc.; Rodney will open the budget to even more big-money E. Leonard, Executive Director, Com- [Common Cause, May 23, 1995] investments from special interests. STATEMENT OF COMMON CAUSE PRESIDENT munity Nutrition Institute; Joe Volk, This issue should not be a partisan issue. ANN MCBRIDE Executive Secretary, Friends Com- The presidential public financing system was mittee on National Legislation; Susan We are very pleased to join today with passed with bipartisan support and signed Katz, President, National Council of Senators John Kerry (D–MA) and Bill Brad- into law by President Gerald Ford. All but Jewish Women; Harriet Woods, Presi- ley (D–NJ), and with the League of Women one major party candidate have voluntarily dent, National Women’s Political Cau- Voters and Public Citizen, to launch an all- chosen to use public funds to wage their cus; Kathy Thornton, RSM, National out effort to preserve the presidential cam- campaigns. In the five presidential races Coordinator, NETWORK: A National paign finance system. conducted under this new system, the Repub- Catholic Social Justice Lobby; Jay Today we face a deadly serious attempt in lican candidate has won three times, the Lintner, Director, Washington Office, the Senate to destroy the most important Democrat twice. Office for Church in Society, United political reform in nearly a century. This issue is a matter of integrity. Church of Christ; Gerald Meral, Execu- By burying a simple two-line provision to More than 20 years ago, Common Cause tive Director, Planning and Conserva- kill the presidential campaign finance sys- members pressed their Members of Congress tion League; Rabbi David Saperstein, tem deep in their proposed budget, the Sen- to create a campaign finance system that Director, Religious Action Center of ate Republican leadership has conducted a would restore the integrity of a presidency Reform, Judaism, Union of American stealth attack on our democracy—an attack that had been devastated by the scandals of Hebrew Congregations; Gene that would turn back the clock two decades Watergate. Congress did. Karpinski, Executive Director, U.S. to the dark days of Watergate and its influ- Today, Common Cause, along with a broad Public Interest Research Group; Rev. ence money scandals, a time when the integ- coalition of other organizations, is launching Elenora Giddings Ivory, Director, rity of the Presidency hit rock bottom. a nationwide campaign to protect the presi- Washington Office, Presbyterian The stakes in the outcome are enormous. dential campaign finance system. Church (U.S.A.), Washington Office; If this attack were to prevail, the winners Common Cause members and other con- Robert Z. Alpern, Director, Washington would be Washington lobbyists and monied cerned citizens will work just as tirelessly Office, Unitarian Universalist Associa- special interests. The losers would be the av- now to ensure that the presidential cam- tion of Congregations. erage taxpayers. paign finance system is not destroyed.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00034 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7315 Mr. KERRY. Mr. President, there is tizes the Presidential races of this sion was enacted with bipartisan sup- in this budget an unfortunate effort to country. It distances Presidential can- port to address the campaign finance try to take away the current system of didates from the fundraising process. It abuses of Watergate. a—— liberates our entire system from the This is voluntary program. The The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- influence of big money, as Watergate American taxpayer voluntarily funds it ator will suspend, while I ask the clerk prosecutor Archibald Cox said. and candidates voluntarily accept to report the amendment. In 1972, when Richard Nixon ran for funds from it. It is the only Federal The legislative clerk read as follows: President, he spent $60 million in that program that the American public di- The Senator from Massachusetts [Mr. race, the equivalent of $200 million rectly votes to fund each year. And as KERRY] proposes an amendment numbered today. That is more than President long as the American taxpayer votes 1135. Bush and Bill Clinton spent together in for campaign spending limits, then we The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there 1992. If this amendment were to fail, if should not eliminate it. objection to consideration of the we proceed on the assumption that What is interesting to this Senator, amendment at this time? that campaign system will be taken is that the Republican budget resolu- Mr. EXON. The Senator was not rec- away, all voluntary limits on campaign tion does not affect the 1996 Presi- ognized to offer an amendment. I want spending in Presidential races are dential election cycle. It would allow to make that clear to the Senator. You gone. No voluntary limit will remain, candidates to continue to take tax- can reserve the right to offer an and it is only that volunteerism in the payer money to fund their primary amendment. system that keeps accord with the Con- campaigns next year. That means up to Mr. KERRY. I ask unanimous con- stitution on Buckley versus Valeo that approximately $15 million in taxpayer sent—— allows us to have a limit in Presi- dollars to each Republican and Demo- Mr. EXON. Have you done that? dential races. cratic primary candidate, with a poten- Mr. KERRY. I did ask unanimous So we will have gone back to the sys- tial $62 million more to the nominee in consent. tem of 1972 when there was unlimited the general election. Perhaps a different amendment The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there funding from sources in Presidential would have been to eliminate this pro- objection? races. I cannot imagine anything that gram immediately. That would give Mr. DOMENICI. Reserving the right runs more contrary to the vote of 1994 our distinguished Republican col- to object. and to the grassroots statement of leagues here in the Senate who have Mr. EXON. I object. Americans in the 1994 election. They do announced their candidacy for Presi- The Senator from Nebraska yielded not want this country going back to dent an opportunity to vote to give to the Senator from Massachusetts big money, large corporate interests. back their potential $77 million in tax- with certain instructions and under- They want people liberated to partici- payer funds to the Treasury and the standings that the Senator from Ne- pate. In fact, Mr. President, more peo- American taxpayer in order to help braska is going to insist upon. There- ple participate through the checkoff eliminate the deficit. Let me respect- fore, I yielded to the Senator from than contribute voluntarily to cam- fully suggest that it seems a little self- Massachusetts not to offer an amend- paigns in this country. One out of serving to take the money next year ment, but to make such remarks as he seven Americans participate in the checkoff, whereas only one in 22 Ameri- but deny it to future candidates. sees fit. American taxpayers support this pro- cans contributed to campaigns in 1994. Mr. KERRY. Mr. President, I cer- gram and vote on how much to fund it The checkoff could, in fact, be stronger tainly apologize. I had no idea. I each year. It is the only Federal pro- than it is today. But, everybody should thought the procedure was to call the gram which serves to limit the money understand, no American is coerced to amendment up. There was no intention chase to the White House. Until we do this. It is a voluntary system where to try to go outside of the Senator’s de- come up with a better system, I urge $3 from an individual has as much im- sires. my colleagues to leave this program in pact as tens of thousands of dollars I ask unanimous consent that the place and support the amendment. past exchange not come out of this from the rich or from corporate inter- The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. ests. Senator’s time. COVERDELL). The Senator’s time. has Mr. President, it would be an enor- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without expired. objection, it is so ordered. The Senator mous setback in our efforts to gain Mr. DOMENICI addressed the Chair. is recognized for 4 minutes. control of our political process if, now, The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- Mr. KERRY. I thank the Chair, and I we choose to go backward. ator from New Mexico. thank the distinguished managers. Some people say, ‘‘Well, we’re not Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I real- Mr. President, there is in this budget controlling all the money in the sys- ly want to use a little bit of my time. resolution an effort to do away with tem; you still have soft money and we I am on my 15 minutes in opposition, the Presidential checkoff finance sys- should be closing that loophole.’’ The but I just want to talk to the Senate a tem. I would like to share with my col- solution is not to take the hard money minute. leagues what Archibald Cox, the Water- restriction in the voluntary system Frankly, to my knowledge, there is gate prosecutor, said with respect to and make it like soft money. The solu- only one law that controls the U.S. this particular effort. tion is to make the soft money like the Senate in terms of debates and amend- Watergate dramatized the three-step rela- hard money or outlaw it altogether, ments and the like, and it is the Budg- tionship between large political contribu- Mr. President. et Act, which includes impoundments. tions, the outcome of elections, and the gov- So it is my hope that colleagues who Essentially, it says in law, it sets ernmental decisions of those who win. We have supported this in the past will not down the detailed rules of how you pro- should never forget the acceptance of a $2 now go counter to the very grassroots ceed on a budget resolution and how million pledge from the Milk Producers As- effort that is supposedly being rep- you proceed on a reconciliation bill. It sociation to the Nixon administration which resented on the floor. This system has is not my rule. It is not Senator EXON’s concurrently granted an increase in the sup- worked. It costs $45 million on the port price of milk; the approval of American rule. It says 50 hours equally divided. Airlines’ route application shortly after a year, Mr. President, but to lose it Frankly, maybe we will ask so the large corporate contribution to the party in would be tens of millions of dollars in RECORD will be clear, how much time power; or the settlement of antitrust litiga- campaign contributions. I hope we will remains now on the entire budget reso- tion against ITT Corp. shortly after an ITT support the system. lution, under 50 hours that we are allo- subsidiary agreed to underwrite a large por- Mr. FORD. Mr. President, the budget cated by law? tion of the cost of the Republican National resolution includes a provision that The PRESIDING OFFICER. Approxi- Convention. will have a far reaching consequence mately 1 hour 20 minutes. Mr. President, this campaign system for this Nation. It assumes elimination Mr. DOMENICI. Approximately 1 has worked. Some 63 primary can- of the program that provides for spend- hour 20 minutes. Essentially, I will say didates since 1976 have used the check- ing limits and public funding in Presi- to the Senate, if 1 hour is used on Sen- off fund. The checkoff fund democra- dential election campaigns. This provi- ator BOXER’s amendment and 1 hour

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00035 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7316 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 24, 1995 used in opposition to it, there will be an understandable manner where the Let us be very careful. Whenever we no time left. No time left. Senate then understands what the start talking about this budget and What I would like everybody to un- amendments are, how many there are, what it does, all at once we start offer- derstand—and this is not my rule; I and then maybe we may be in business ing the amendments and it starts to wish it were different—but I do not to try to make some overall agree- come unraveled. When it was first put know if there is going to be very much ment. together in the Budget Committee, ev- time to debate very many amendments I hope everybody understands, I am erybody just about knew where we had in that remaining time. not trying to be harsh. I am not trying to go and what we had to do. Some I have been expressing to the Senator to take time away from anybody. That would increase taxes, as has been pro- from Nebraska, based on this reality— is just the reality. posed by some, really, on both sides of this is just real—when the 50 hours Mr. FORD. Mr. President, will the the aisle. I am firmly opposed to that. comes, any Senator can say ‘‘regular Senator yield for a question? Right now, most folks in America order’’ and, obviously, there is no more Mr. DOMENICI. I yield on my time. have a marginal tax rate over 45 per- time for debate. Mr. FORD. I thank the Senator for cent—almost one-half of their yearly I want to make sure everybody what he is trying to do and for his com- salary. So what is there left to tax? It knows, under a unanimous-consent ity. It is kind of unusual, and I am glad makes no sense to bankrupt American agreement, the majority leader and the to see it. citizens in the name of keeping the If we have 20 amendments that will minority leader, after all the votes are American Federal Government solvent. be offered at the end of the 50 hours, we finished, including those that may be So I think when you look at the over- handed to the desk, there will be one- have two options, as I hear you: One is to offer the amendment, or call it up all budget, we have to come up with half hour allotted to the Democrat the word responsible. And that is what leadership and one-half hour to our and we can vote up or down or to table; we can do that. Or on the other side, if I would like to emphasize through this leadership, to recap the budget situa- recap of not how I look at the amend- tion. So that is there and that is all it we have a minute, you offer a minute or 2 minutes on each side, pro and con, ment but the entire package of the bill. can be used for. We have slowed the rate of spending. We will soon be out of time. Maybe on how many amendments? Do you have any figure if they are less than Back in 1990, I offered a bill that was a Senators on my side and Senators on 4 percent solution—I called it—to allow that side of the aisle do not understand that or more than that? Mr. DOMENICI. I very much would in the budget process the Federal Gov- that we cannot help very much, but we ernment expenditures to only grow 4 would like to be helpful. So what I like you all to come up with some pro- posal. percent based on the previous year’s would like to do, and I am urging that expenditures and do away with baseline we find a way to decide, is for you all Mr. FORD. When you say you all, who do you mean? budgeting. Unfortunately, that did not to decide on your side through your pass. But with the assumptions that we ranking member what are all the Mr. DOMENICI. The Democratic side. Mr. FORD. How many will be on your made then, by 1995 and 1996, we would amendments that you intend to offer. side? have balanced the Federal budget. But Some will be debated for a couple of Mr. DOMENICI. We probably, in I have to say there are hints of my minutes; some are just going to be of- short order, can establish the fact that ideas that I had back in 1990 in this fered at the end. there would only be four or five. bill. Why would I like to know? Because I Mr. FORD. You will have four or five Everyone would agree, maybe, that would like to help. I would like to say amendments to come after the 50 maybe everybody ought to have a the Government has gotten too big to hours? operate efficiently. This bill freezes minute before they have to vote on Mr. DOMENICI. I will give that to their amendment, even beyond the 50 pay for Senators, Representatives, Fed- Senator EXON shortly. eral judges, and political appointees for hours. I have no such authority from Mr. FORD. I thank the Senator for the majority leader. But I cannot do a period of 7 years. As far as I am con- his courtesy. cerned, I can accept that. I am not real that if there are 50, 60 amendments be- Mr. DOMENICI. Let me correct the cause we will be here until midnight, sure if my wife can. But nonetheless I record. You said there are only two think she will. It cuts Senate staff by and the whole purpose was to have 50 things that can happen. I do not want hours. 15 percent and Senate support staff by anybody to misunderstand. An amend- 12.5 percent. And we have cut a little We are getting close to that 50 right ment pending at the desk can be sec- now. So if there is any way that Sen- already. It reduces the spending of the ond-degreed even if there is no time. Executive Office of the President by ators on that side could accommodate There is a series where we understand so that we might sit down here soon in around 25 percent. Those cuts save us somebody wants to exercise that. They almost $7 billion. a room and say what process could we understand it is pending. They would I take the budget another step fur- agree to to give everybody a little bit not have any time either. of time. Mr. FORD. They would still offer it ther. I would consolidate the Surgeon Again, I want to say the majority and then you move to table. General’s office with the Assistant Sec- leader has told me on our side, if there Mr. DOMENICI. Yes. Mr. President, retary of Health. The office of the Sur- are 20 or 30 such amendments, or 40, we how much time do I have left? geon General was originally created to are not going to agree to any time be- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Approxi- function as a spokesperson for public cause you add all that up and the time mately 10 minutes. health and has been used as a political to vote and we will be here 6 hours to Mr. DOMENICI. I will yield 10 min- football. I advocate putting an end to 7 hours. utes to Senator BURNS. that political grandstanding by elimi- So I am asking for some reason, some Mr. BURNS. Mr. President, I will re- nating this unnecessary position and reasonableness. When the 50 hours is spond to the amendment offered by the consolidating its duties with those of up—and I am not using anybody’s time Senator from California and just point the office of the Assistant Secretary of so nobody has to worry about that. I out some things about that amendment Health. That is the way it used to be. am entitled to this time under the law, that I think are flawed. The Senator’s During the Carter administration, Dr. and when that time is up, there is no amendment would create another point Julius Richmond served as both the opportunity to talk about an amend- of order against how a tax cut should Surgeon General and the Assistant ment, unless we, as a Senate, agree to be constructed, and I think that is very Secretary of Health. I see no reason that. So if you have an amendment at important with this body because we why the American taxpayer should the end left over and you want to insist already have enough points of order on have to pay for staffing both offices. on it, and the statute says you can do the rest of this bill. Rather than a When we look at what it does—a that, the statute also says no debate. point of order against tax cuts, I think while ago we talked about the NIH, Na- We are not going to agree to give ev- we should have a point of order against tional Institutes of Health. I voted to erybody time when we have already raising taxes, if you want to do it on restore some of those funds because I used up all the time unless we do it in both sides. believe that this Government should be

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00036 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7317 actively involved in research and de- whatever order they are entitled to the coordination of Federal, State, and velopment, especially in the line of floor from the time allotted to me local law enforcement efforts to deal health. But the chairman’s budget also most generously by my colleague from with these threats. calls for the transformation of NASA’s California. First is Senator LEAHY for 2 Today, my purpose is a related one: I management structure, contracting minutes, and then Senator BAUCUS for ask my colleagues to join with me to procedures, and the reduction of Gov- 2 minutes, Senator CONRAD for 6 min- pass this resolution reaffirming our ernment involvement in scientific re- utes, and fourth, Senator GRAHAM for 2 commitment and appreciation for Fed- search, infrastructure and equipment. I minutes. eral, State, and local law enforcement have to say that I voted against the Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, Sen- and the outstanding job that they do Snowe amendment a while ago for the ator EXON, could we take a couple under the most difficult and dangerous simple reason that it called for another names at a time instead of the whole circumstances and to reject House at- billion-dollar reduction in NASA, when list? Who are the first two? tempts drastically to cut our financial they have already shown their good Mr. EXON. The first two I have are support for their efforts. faith, without any cajoling from this Senator LEAHY for 2 minutes and then Since the bombing there has been a Congress to come to the bar, and cut $5 Senator BAUCUS for 2 minutes. lot of public debate and comment billion over 5 years. And there are Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I have about the activities of law enforcement some within the NASA organization a Senator on the floor who would like and the rhetoric that has been used that say now we have to start looking to speak in opposition for up to 10 min- over the past few years to disparage at safety when we start thinking about utes on my time. Maybe we could move and malign these dedicated public serv- our space programs. back and forth after the Senator from ants and the law enforcement agencies So we are glad to see that baseline Vermont. in which they serve. budgeting is out. The chairman’s budg- Mr. EXON. Since we are limiting— I submit that law enforcement de- et proposed the elimination of spending may I suggest we take care of the two serves better. We owe these men and on the National Biological Service. I Senators that I have mentioned—this women our respect, appreciation, and have long said that is not needed. We is 4 minutes—and then go to 10 min- public, moral, and financial support. have enough biologists in the Forest utes. Is that reasonable? Even had we not recently noted the Service, in the U.S. Fish and Wildlife, Mr. DOMENICI. Can we have the two increasing threats against the safety and BLM to do what they want to do Senators for 4 minutes and then the and lives of law enforcement officers, and what Interior wants to do. They Senator from Kentucky for 10? the Oklahoma bombing and the reports have to do it within the confines of The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. of attacks against park rangers, Forest that. Why another layer of bureauc- INHOFE). The Senator from Vermont. Service employees, Treasury employ- racy? I generally support that. VIOLENT CRIME REDUCTION TRUST FUND ees, and others all make the gruesome As I explained last week, I have con- Mr. LEAHY. Mr. President, I will point too well. cerns with the provision that cuts the have two resolutions that we will be Moreover, there has been a lot of re- Agricultural Research Service. I find it voting on at the appropriate time. One cent discussion about the way respon- ironic that we are cutting back on is expressing the sense of the Senate sible citizens converse about law en- R&D in the very area that is very im- that the violent crime reduction trust forcement and other public officials. I portant to us in the production of food fund not be cut. Notwithstanding the certainly understand President Bush’s and fiber for this country. To reduce tremendous violence we have seen in reaction when those with whom he the ARS at this time is appealing in New York, Oklahoma, and elsewhere, served and who have made the ultimate the short run, but it would have a dev- the House of Representatives voted on sacrifice in the service of public safety astating long-term negative impact on April 5 to cut $5 billion from the vio- are being criticized unfairly. farming and ranching in the United lent crime reduction trust fund and to I commend our colleagues, from both States and, consequently, on the Fed- give it for a tax cut. sides of the aisle, who have tried to eral Treasury. I believe our first pri- They congratulated themselves on tone down the rhetoric and to turn the ority should be a commitment to the this, but have not explained to the focus of debate to responsible efforts to production of food and fiber. I find that American people that they are cutting assist law enforcement to do its job. many folks are surprised when you tell out money in a trust fund set aside to Likewise, I appreciate the apology them that for the first time in the his- fight violent crime. recently issued by the National Rifle tory of this country, wheat yields have Frankly, I think that is more impor- Association of the intemperate tone of actually leveled off in some areas and tant than to give a tax break to the certain remarks. were declining because of our research wealthiest. We will be voting on that. I have spoken about my revulsion work in developing new strains of Earlier this year, on April 7, 1995, the with celebrities talking about how to wheat that are disease resistant. Senate passed a resolution reaffirming shoot Federal agents and their using So I am opposed to a reduction in our support for State and local law en- representations of our President for ARS funding. Furthermore, agriculture forcement when their integrity was target practice. This is vile and rep- has taken its fair share of cuts; if you challenged. rehensible. look at the last 8 years, about a 45 per- When we passed Senate Joint Resolu- If we are to preserve freedom of cent cut. tion 32 we were responding to remarks, speech in this increasingly violent and So with that, it is a good package. by a well-known attorney in connec- confrontational society, we need to use When we start picking away at it, it tion with a high-profile criminal case, our freedoms to reject violent extre- starts to come unraveled. I want to that unfairly and inaccurately ma- mism and hatemongering. We need to congratulate my friends from New ligned the integrity of the Nation’s law remind ourselves that we live in the Mexico and Nebraska. They have enforcement officers. freest nation on Earth because the rule worked very hard together on this. And On April 19, 1995, a bomb exploded of law is respected, as are people’s it should be presented and they should outside a Federal building in Okla- rights to speak, associate and petition be given the guidelines for the rest of homa City killing scores of Americans, the government. us to complete our work. including a number of Federal law en- We need to speak out ourselves I yield the floor. forcement employees. There is reason against those who would portray the Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, are to believe the bomb was directed at the President, the Congress, the Govern- my 15 minutes used? Federal Government and its law en- ment or law enforcement as conspira- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- forcement officers. tors intent on taking away people’s ator has 41⁄2 minutes remaining. This bombing has served to focus our rights. To the contrary, the dedicated Mr. DOMENICI. I reserve that. attention on the real threats of violent men and women in Federal, State, and Mr. EXON. Mr. President, I have four extremism here at home and foreign local government and law enforcement more relatively short speakers that I terrorism. We will soon have an oppor- work long hours for limited financial would like to yield to at this time. I tunity to consider legislative efforts to reward in order to serve the public, would like to yield at this time in provide additional resources and better protect us, and preserve our freedom.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00037 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7318 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 24, 1995 It is in this context that I was con- From our Attorney General to the by the WIC Program under competitive cerned when the House of Representa- Fraternal Order of Police, Inter- bidding. It says that school lunches tives voted on April 5 to offset certain national Brotherhood of Police Offi- should meet minimal nutrition re- tax reduction proposals by cutting $5 cers, National Association of Police Or- quirements and that the content of billion from the violent crime reduc- ganizations, National Sheriffs Associa- WIC food packages be based on sci- tion trust fund. tion, and the Police Foundation, dedi- entific evidence. As it congratulated itself on its first cated law enforcement officers are jus- That has been the case for years and 100 days and adjourned for its April re- tifiably outraged by this arbitrary ac- should continue. I am offering this cess, the House majority did not ex- tion. amendment because the House-passed plain to the American people that it Funding for important programs im- welfare reform bill does not follow that was invading the violent crime reduc- plementing the Violence Against longstanding approach to child nutri- tion trust fund and making it impos- Women Act and our rural crime initia- tion programs. sible to pay for the law enforcement tives should not have been cut by one- I am very pleased that the Senate and crime prevention programs of the sixth or at all, let alone without debate Budget Committee majority report Violent Crime Control Act of 1994, and justification. does not assume that the Senate wants which the President signed into law I will work with the Attorney Gen- to eliminate those protections for chil- only last summer. eral and my Senate colleagues to reject dren. Although this major crime bill was 6 the ill-advised House action and pre- The Contract With America, as years in the making, the House is ap- serve the violent crime reduction trust passed by the House, would allow parently prepared to gut it. I hope and fund so that we can fulfill the promise States to serve junk foods with lunch. trust that our Senate colleagues will of the Violent Crime Control Act and The Senate should stand up to that reject this $5 billion cut in funding to our commitment to all that we can to challenge and say ‘‘no.’’ Federal law enforcement and Federal reduce violent crime in our local com- It would allow States to waste Fed- assistance to State and local efforts. munities. eral taxpayer dollars on needlessly ex- When we passed the crime bill last I have noted that this is not the time pensive foods for the WIC Program. year we paid for its program. A trust to undercut our support for Federal I have spent 8 years protecting the fund was established from the saving of law enforcement or the assistance pro- WIC Program from drug companies. the downsizing of the Federal Govern- vided State and local law enforcement. Now the House Contract With America ment by some 250,000 jobs. The violent After the tragedy in Oklahoma City, I changes that. A few years ago, I called crime reduction trust fund contains was certain that the House would aban- on the Federal Trade Commission to funds dedicated to law enforcement and don this ill-conceived plan. investigate price-fixing and bid-rigging crime prevention programs, and is in- Yet, in spite of all that has happened, regarding infant formula companies tended in large part to provide Federal the House chose to reaffirm its inten- and the WIC Program. financial assistance to critical Federal, tion to proceed with this $5 billion cut I introduced bills, which all my Sen- State, and local needs. in law enforcement funding, which it ate colleagues supported, to require On April 5, the House invaded that included in the House-passed budget that WIC buy infant formula under trust fund without debate and slashed resolution last week. competitive bidding rules similar to our anticrime funding by $5 billion to Accordingly, I offer this amendment rules used by the Federal Government, help offset the budget deficit the House as an embodiment of the Senate’s re- and most State governments, to pur- tax bill would create. This is wrong. solve against the House-passed cuts to chase goods. Since passage of the Violent Crime the violent crime reduction trust fund These WIC procedures save $1 billion Control Act, the U.S. Department of and reductions in funding of Federal, a year. That money keeps 1.6 million Justice has been doing a tremendous State, and local law enforcement. pregnant women, infants, and children job getting these resources to the field. Now is not the time to cut law en- on WIC at no additional cost to tax- I commend the Associate Attorney forcement funding and this is not the payers. General John Schmidt and Chief Joe way to show our support for those The House bill does not require com- Brann, who directs the community po- whom we ask to protect public safety petitive bidding. Instead it includes licing programs for their quick work. and preserve our precious freedoms. paltry cost containment requirements I know that funding to assist local PROTECTING FEDERAL NUTRITION PROGRAMS that are a sham. law enforcement hire additional offi- My other resolution is very simple. It It is hard to imagine a provision that cers went out almost immediately says that the infant formula that is better symbolizes what is wrong with based on simple, one-page applications. purchased by the WIC Program be done the Contract With America. Vermont received commitments of under competitive bidding. The contract could give up to $1 bil- over $2 million toward 35 new officers The House of Representatives gave in lion to four corporate giants and take in 34 jurisdictions, for example. The to some very powerful lobbyists and 1.6 million low-income women, infants, House action would cost Vermont, for very powerful drug companies, and re- and children off the WIC Program. example, the equivalent of 50 State and moved the amendment which requires For 8 years as chair of the Agri- local law enforcement officers over the competitive bidding for WIC. That culture Committee, I tried to make our next 5 years. meant the taxpayers will give a $1 bil- work on nutrition programs bipartisan. The House would have us turn our lion windfall to four drug companies, And I am pleased that the Senate backs on law enforcement and preven- and they will take 1.5 million pregnant Budget Committee report is supportive tion programs and the commitments women and newborn infants off the of the WIC Program. we made in the Violent Crime Control WIC Program. Last year both the Senate and the Act. Law enforcement and community- This sense of the Senate says we House passed the child nutrition reau- based programs cannot be kept on a ought to take care of the women and thorization by unanimous agreement. string like a yo-yo if they are to plan the infants before we do the drug com- That reauthorization act maintained and implement crime control and pre- panies, especially at taxpayers’ ex- the principle that school lunches pro- vention programs. pense. vide one-third of the nutritional re- What we need to do is to follow It also says we ought to have real nu- quirements for each day. It maintained through on our commitments, not to tritional standards in school lunch. strong competitive bidding procedures breach them and violate our pledge to Not what the fast food industry would for the WIC Program. law enforcement, State, and local gov- like, but perhaps what mothers, fa- And it ensured that foods of min- ernment, and the American people. In- thers, and children should like and imum nutritional value may not be vading trust funds dedicated to crime should have. sold with school lunches. It passed the control purposes is simply no way to Mr. President, this amendment is Senate without objection last year. justify the elimination of the corporate very simple. The House bill eliminates minimum alternative minimum tax or capital It says that it is the sense of the Sen- nutritional requirements for school gains taxes. ate that infant formula be purchased lunches. I fought Coca-Cola and the

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00038 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7319 fast food companies last year to make ther be block-granted nor cashed out. And many of my colleagues on both school lunches healthier. In rejecting block grants, the House sides of the isle won’t stand for it. Congress reduced the saturated fat used some of the same points made Let me tell you what this would content of school meals, and clarified years ago by President Nixon. mean to Montana. Montana, like much that schools have the right to say ‘‘no’’ In closing, I urge my colleagues to of the west, was built on hydroelectric to Coca-Cola and Pepsi-Cola. support my amendment. power. By harnessing the Missouri Under the House Contract With Mr. President, I thank the managers River at Fort Peck Reservoir, Mon- America, soft drinks can be sold to for their courtesy. tanans bring water to arid lands for school children during lunch instead of PRIVATIZING PMA’S IS BACKDOOR TAX farming and ranching. Small industries milk. Candy companies, fast food gi- Mr. BAUCUS. Mr. President, I have use the affordable power to create jobs ants, and junk food purveyors are the an amendment, joined with Senator and build communities. And folks in big winners. Children and dairy farm- PRESSLER, Senator DORGAN, Senator rural areas get affordable power to ers are the big losers. ROBB, Senator WARNER, and others, No. heat and light their homes. The House-passed Contract With 1120, to oppose the sale of the public This is an essential service. It is America could hurt child nutrition pro- power marketing administrations. something that works. And it has grams by eliminating what we put into Very simply, Mr. President, this is worked ever since Franklin Roosevelt law last year. the situation: The budget resolution came out to break ground at the Fort I hope the Senate tells the lobbyists proposes the sale of public power mar- Peck Dam and bring public power to for the soft drink bottlers that Coke or keting administration, the PMA’s. rural Montana. Public power meant Pepsi should not be part of a school What is the effect of that sale? Two- electricity that an ordinary farm fam- lunch or breakfast. fold. No. 1, to dramatically increase ily could afford. It helped create Mon- I hope the Senate tells the lobbyists the rates of consumers, utility con- tana communities like Glasgow, Sid- for drug companies that make infant sumers, in most States of our country, ney, and Shelby. It keeps towns like formula that the Senate wants to con- because public power is sold at a lower these strong and healthy today. tinue to save taxpayers $1 billion a rate than power from other sources As my friends George and Barbara year in the WIC Program by mandating that is sold to consumers. DenBoer of Dupuyer, MT, recently told strong competitive bidding procedures. The estimate is between a 20- and a me: Remember, before the Congress re- 60-percent increase in utility rates for Our electric bills are high enough. We are quired competitive bidding, many farmers, for ranchers, for homeowners, barely making a living on the ranch now and States did not use those procedures for small business, for anybody who is with all the new taxes and increases in ex- that now put 1.6 million more pregnant in a rural co-op, or anyone who buys penses it is all but impossible to continue. Please stop and consider how many rural women, infants, and children on the public power. No. 1, the effect is very people will be affected with higher rates. . . . WIC Program at no additional cost to much to increase the rate. It is a hid- We need the Power Marketing Administra- taxpayers. den tax, Mr. President. It is a hidden tion. Please do not make it impossible for I hope the Senate rejects the House tax because in effect people will have those who make their living in the country. approach that repeals scientific stand- to pay more. One hundred thousand Montana fami- ards for the WIC food package. These The second major consequence of the lies—nearly one in three Montana men, standards make WIC a success. sale of the PMA’s: Increase the budget women, and children—share George I want to make one additional point deficit. That is a consequence. Why? and Barbara’s feelings. not directly related to the amendment Very simply, because the PMA’s cur- All of them use WAPA power in Mon- I am offering. I believe it is a mistake rently make money. They make about tana today. And they stand to see their to block grant food stamps. $240 million a year. When the PMA’s electric bills increase by at least 30 On December 2, 1969, President Nixon loan is retired, in about, I think, 14 or percent if this proposal goes forward. said in a speech that relying on local 16 years, Uncle Sam will make $5 bil- You are talking about a real, tangible governments meant that ‘‘our Nation’s lion on the investment. cut in the living standards for people in food programs have been shot through So the sale of PMA’s has two effects. rural America. And that is why I so with inequities.’’ No. 1, big increase in utility rates; No. strongly oppose the sale of WAPA and Chairman GOODLING put it another 2, increase in the budget deficit. the PMA’s. way when he opposed block grants a My amendment says, ‘‘No, let’s not A second point is that WAPA and the few years ago—he said that a ‘‘child’s sell the PMA’s; therefore, let’s not other power marketing programs take basic nutrition needs do not vary from raise utility rates; and let’s also reduce not one tax dollar. In fact, the Federal State to State.’’ the budget deficit by keeping the Government makes money off of these I joined with Senator DOLE in oppos- PMA’s alive.’’ programs. ing block granting some years ago. He Please add Senators FORD, HARKIN, WAPA is a good example. The Fed- said, and I agreed with him, that the HEFLIN, and HOLLINGS as cosponsors. eral Government has invested a total ‘‘Federal Government should retain Webster defines a ‘‘tax’’ as follows: ‘‘to of $5.6 billion in WAPA. And each year, primary responsibility for nutrition require to pay a percentage of income, WAPA pays the Federal Government programs in order to guarantee some property or value for support of the approximately $380 million for this standardization of benefits.’’ government.’’ loan with interest. So far, the Federal We have to recognize that food So a tax can come in many forms—a Treasury has gotten back $4.1 billion stamps are America’s best and largest direct levy, or a hidden fee that sneaks on its initial loan. And by the time this child nutrition program. up on taxpayers under a cover name. debt is retired in 24 years, the Federal Over 80 percent of food stamp bene- And that is precisely what this budget Treasury will have made $14 billion on fits go to families with children; and resolution contemplates for ratepayers its initial investment of $5.6 billion. over 90 percent of food stamp benefits across rural America. Second, even now the PMA’s run a go to families with children, or the el- Privatizing the power marketing ad- profit for the Government. A recently derly or disabled. ministrations is a bad idea. It is short- released CRS report on the PMA’s I am pleased to report that as the sighted and it hurts rural America. found that the Federal Treasury actu- economy has grown over the last year, Privatization cannot work when its re- ally earns a profit of $244 million a participation in food stamps has sult is simply to create four huge mo- year on the PMA’s. You have to look dropped by 1 million persons. nopolies, which will gouge their cap- long and hard to find a Federal pro- It is crucial to me that food stamps tive market like any other monopoly. gram that provides a good service to not be block-granted—I agree with the So at its core, the proposal to sell off the public and makes a profit. House of Representatives and Chair- PMA’s is no more than a backdoor tax I find it incredibly shortsighted that man ROBERTS, Chairman EMERSON and increase on the rural middle class. A the Congress would want to sell Amer- Chairman GUNDERSON on this issue. tax hidden in a utility bill is every bit ica’s infrastructure for a quick, one Their view is that food stamps is the as much a tax as a gas tax, income tax time shot of cash. What is next? Our final safety net and that it should nei- or anything else. I won’t stand for it. highways? Our bridges? Our national

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00039 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7320 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 24, 1995 parks? The principle is just the same. used to be $1, and now $3—of taxes they very significantly, this amendment America’s infrastructure up for sale. It already owe—it does not add to their would prevent the ARC from being to- doesn’t make any sense to me, and I tax bill—to divert that away from tally phased out, and it would pay for will not stand by and let it proceed whatever else may be funded by the it largely by diverting funds from the without a fight. Federal Government into this fund. Office of Surface Mining and from And I urge my colleagues—particu- Now the checkoff participation has other regulatory activities. larly those Republicans and Democrats dropped down last year to 14.5 percent, So, essentially what this amendment from the 32 rural States served by the and is still falling. Two years ago, the is about is to take money away from PMA’s—to join me. Senators will find a majority, for fear that the taxpayers regulators and give it to those involved comprehensive list of all electric utili- would totally revolt and there would be in economic development. It is simply ties in their States who are served by no money in the fund at all, raised the a question of priorities. Do we want to the PMAs on their desks. checkoff from $1 to $3. Now the net ef- give the money to the Office of Surface Let me read for the RECORD, States fect of that is that fewer and fewer peo- Mining and others engaged in regu- who are served by the PMA’s: ple could divert more and more money. lating in this and other fields? Or do we Alabama, Arkansas, Arizona, Cali- Eighty-five percent of the American want the money to go directly into fornia, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, people choose not to check off, even economic development activities in Iowa, Idaho, Illinois, Kansas, Ken- though it does not add to their tax parts of our country that are economi- tucky, Louisiana, Minnesota, Missouri, bills, $3 to go into this fund. cally deprived? This ARC covers such Mississippi, Montana, North Carolina, Everyone, in effect, ends up paying States as West Virginia, Kentucky, North Dakota, Nebraska, New Mexico, for the checkoff because the money is Tennessee, Mississippi and Alabama, Nevada, Oklahoma, Oregon, South diverted away from other topics. and it has been useful in providing Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, If there is any system that has been roads and other economic development Texas, Utah, Virginia, Washington, thoroughly discredited, Mr. President, tools for the most poverty stricken Wisconsin, and Wyoming. it is this one. It has not stopped spend- parts of that part of America. I urge Senators to take a moment be- ing. It has not stopped soft money, and I am somebody who is going to sup- fore they vote on my amendment to it has eaten up about $1 billion of the port the final budget resolution. I am consider the consequences elimination tax money of the people of the United in favor of ending a lot of programs and of the PMA’s will have on the people in States over the last 20 years. intend to so vote. But I believe here in their States—the small businesses, If we cannot kill this program, Mr. this particular amendment we will farmers, ranchers, homeowners, and President, then what program can we school districts. Say no to this back- simply be choosing between whether kill? Now, at the appropriate time I we want to fund more and more Gov- door tax and support my amendment. will be offering a second-degree amend- I ask for the yeas and nays on my ernment regulators on the one hand or ment to the Kerry amendment. I would amendment. economic development in poverty- Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I like to briefly describe what that is stricken areas on the other. want to yield 7 minutes to the Senator about. So I hope the MCCONNELL amendment from Kentucky. Among the things, Mr. President, on ARC, supported by Senators WAR- that taxpayers funding has been used NO TAXPAYER FUNDING OF ELECTIONS NER, COCHRAN, ROCKEFELLER, and HEF- for during these years was to settle a Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I LIN, will be approved when it is offered listened with great interest to my sexual harassment case. My amend- at the end of the time. ment would prevent, assuming the friend and colleague, Senator KERRY Mr. President, I have actually done from Massachusetts, decry the effort of Presidential fund survives—which I an astonishing thing. I believe I have the Budget Committee to get rid of the hope it will not, but assuming it sur- finished before Senator DOMENICI had Presidential checkoff. Let me say, my vives—my second-degree amendment to ring the bell. So I will yield any re- good friend could not be more wrong. to the Kerry amendment would be a maining time. In looking back at the Watergate sense of the Senate that the Presi- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- scandal, it is interesting to note that dential election campaign fund, if it ator’s time has expired. the Select Committee on Watergate in survives, could not pay for or augment Mr. DOMENICI. How much time did the mid-1970’s in recommendation No. damage awards or settlements arising he give back? 7, said the committee recommends from a civil or criminal action, or the The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- against the adoption of any form of threat thereof, related to sexual har- ator has 26 minutes and 45 seconds. taxpayer funding of elections—against assment. The Senator from Nebraska. any form of it. The Congress proceeded Now, I will be offering that second- Mr. EXON. Mr. President, I yield 6 to establish the Presidential fund in degree amendment to make a point, minutes to the Senator from North Da- spite of that. Mr. President, as to how taxpayers’ kota, followed by 2 minutes for the During the last 20 years, Mr. Presi- money has been used: $37,500 was used Senator from Florida. dent, such eminent persons as Lyndon to settle a sexual harassment case Mr. CONRAD. Mr. President, today LaRouche has gotten a $12 million in against a top aide of the current Presi- we are engaged in a historic debate on taxpayers funds to run for President of dent in his campaign back in 1992. The our economic future. There are many the United States. He even got, inter- taxpayers paid for the settlement. of us on both sides of the aisle who are estingly enough, $200,000 from the tax- At the appropriate time, I will be of- committed to balancing our budget. payers to run for President while he fering a second-degree amendment But a group of us have worked for a was in jail. My assumption is he would which I hope will be approved. I hope number of weeks on producing a plan not even be able to vote for himself as that the underlying amendment will be that we call the Fair Share plan, be- a resident of the jail. disapproved. This is a program that cause we believe the Republican alter- In addition, that outstanding Amer- ought to end up on the ash heap of his- native that has been presented does not ican, Lenora Fulani, has gotten $3.5 tory. call on all of our citizens on a fair basis million from the taxpayers of America In addition to that, Mr. President, I to contribute to this effort. to run for President. will offer an amendment with regard to Perhaps the conservative commen- Now, Mr. President, the taxpayers of the Appalachian Regional Commission, tator Kevin Phillips said it best when America have an opportunity every a Commission that is extremely impor- he said, ‘‘If the budget deficit were April 15 to vote on how they feel about tant to my own State of Kentucky, and really a national crisis we would be using taxpayers’ money for the Presi- will be cosponsored by Senator WAR- talking about shared sacrifice, with dential election. As a matter of fact, it NER, Senator COCHRAN, Senator ROCKE- business, Wall Street and the rich, the could be argued it is the most complete FELLER, and Senator HEFLIN. people who have the big money, mak- survey ever taken in America on any Essentially, Mr. President, even ing the biggest sacrifice. Instead, the subject. though the Appalachian Regional Com- richest one or two percent, far from Every April 15, voters get to decide mission would be taken down in its making sacrifices, actually get new whether they want to check off—it funding over a period of 7 years, very, benefits and tax reductions.’’

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00040 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7321 That does not strike some of us as overall Federal spending. Our plan lim- Mr. DOMENICI. I am using my time. fair. We believe everyone in this coun- its the growth in tax entitlements to I hope Senators understand that is try ought to be asked to contribute to inflation plus 1 percent, producing $228 literal. There are 26 minutes left on our solving this budget problem. So we billion in savings over 7 years. side, 18 minutes left on Senator EXON’s have created an alternative that we We are simply saying, as the Repub- side. I intend to make that where it call the fair share balanced budget licans have argued, that entitlement comes out even. plan. It balances the budget by the growth ought to be limited. We agree. I yield 3 minutes to Senator But we do not think we should forget year 2004 without counting the Social SANTORUM in opposition to the amend- Security trust fund surpluses. The Re- the biggest entitlement of them all, ment. the tax preferences, tax benefits, tax publican plan claims to achieve bal- The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. ance by the year 2002, but they do that loopholes that go to those who have the most in our society. Let us ask ev- FAIRCLOTH). The Senator from Pennsyl- by counting Social Security trust fund vania is recognized for 3 minutes. surpluses. In fact, if you look at the eryone in our country to contribute to an effort to reduce the deficit and let Mr. SANTORUM. I thank the Sen- Republican budget resolution you will ator. find that they have a $113 billion budg- us ask them to contribute on a fair Mr. President, I wanted to talk about et deficit, when it is fairly stated, in basis. I reserve the remainder of my time. the Conrad amendment and just sug- the year 2002. We understand they do The PRESIDING OFFICER. The time gest that this is more of the same, not achieve a balanced budget without of the Senator has expired. The Sen- again smoke and mirrors, no defined counting Social Security surpluses ator from Florida is recognized for 2 plan of how you are going to get there, until the year 2006. minutes. more taxes, $230 billion is what they Our plan offers even more deficit re- Mr. GRAHAM. Mr. President, I wish tell you about, but go ahead and spend duction in the year 2002 than their to add my voice in support of the $170 billion in the reserve fund. We do plan. Without counting the Social Se- amendment to be offered by the Sen- not know how that necessarily will curity surpluses, the Republicans have ator from North Dakota. I believe it work and whether that is really there. a $113 billion deficit in 2002, while the speaks to two important principles in I ask the Senator from North Da- Fair Share plan has a $97 billion def- this debate. One, there has been an as- icit, $16 billion less in deficit than the kota. Has that been scored by the Con- sumption that there is a single path to gressional Budget Office that your Republican plan. the heaven of a balanced budget; if we We freeze defense spending, like the budget gets a bonus of $170 billion? Do did not ride on the chariot that has you get that bonus? Republican plan does. been provided to us by the Republican We freeze nondefense discretionary leadership that we could not get to Mr. CONRAD. Am I to respond? spending while the Republicans cut it that destination. Senator CONRAD has Mr. SANTORUM. Yes. $190 billion below a freeze. In other clearly outlined that there are alter- Mr. CONRAD. We have treated the words, we have frozen both defense native means of reaching the goal of a $170 billion in the same way that the spending and nondefense discretionary balanced budget. And we stand second Republican resolution has treated it. In spending for 7 years in our plan. In the to no Member of this body in terms of other words, only that money— Republican plan, they have cut, on do- our commitment and the length of our Mr. SANTORUM. Has the CBO scored mestic discretionary spending, $190 bil- commitment toward the goal of a bal- $170 billion in savings in your budget as lion below freeze. That means the high- anced budget. a result of it going to balance as it did priority areas of the budget are dev- Second, I believe we will not reach a the Domenici budget? astated under the Republican plan: balanced budget with the Republican Mr. CONRAD. We do have CBO scor- Education, infrastructure, research and plan, and we will not because it fails to ing for the 7 years that indicate we will development, technology. We add back meet a fundamental requirement and save $1.250 trillion. We will balance $47 billion to education. We add back that is the requirement of fairness; the without using Social Security sur- $54 billion to infrastructure, and some requirement that all Americans be pluses. $13 billion to R&D and technology be- asked to contribute to the balancing of Mr. SANTORUM. I am running out of the budget in an evenhanded manner. cause those are the keys to America’s time. The wheels and wings of this chariot future. Mr. CONRAD. We have more deficit We also cut other important prior- of the Republican leadership for a bal- reduction in the year 2002 than the Re- ities less than the Republican plan. We anced budget will fall off before we publicans. restore $100 billion of the $256 billion reach the year 2002 because the Amer- Republicans cut in Medicaid. We have ican people will object. They will reject Mr. SANTORUM. If I can reclaim my full funding for student loans, some $14 the proposal to reach that balanced time, I am not getting an answer to the billion. We restore $24 billion of the $46 budget which attempts to do so pri- question. I guess the answer is the CBO billion the Republicans cut in nutrition marily by reducing the already meager has not scored $170 billion in bonus sav- and agriculture. We restore $60 billion capability of the poorest and the oldest ings as a result of getting to balance in of the $86 billion cut in income assist- of Americans. 9 years. So they are using money that The most dramatic example of that is ance in the Republican plan. And we they do not even have. So it is already in the area of health care. We have restore $5 billion of the $10 billion Re- potentially $170 billion out of balance. beaten upon our respective breasts publicans cut in veterans benefits. They have $230 billion in tax in- about how we are holding down entitle- To fund these changes we reject the creases. They do not solve the Medi- ments. Here is what we are doing. Ac- Republican tax cuts targeted at the care problem because they add money cording to the Congressional Budget wealthy. The fair share plan eliminates back which does not take care of the Office, overall health care expenditures $170 billion reserved in the Republican problem with the insolvency of the are projected to increase by over 7 per- plans for tax cuts targeted primarily trust fund. They have $443 billion in cent per capita between now and the new spending, but only $398 billion in for the wealthy. year 2002. This budget would restrain We also ask the wealthiest among us offset. So that falls short. Medicare, the program for our oldest This plan looks remarkably like a 10- to contribute to a balanced budget by Americans, by less than 6 percent, and limiting the growth of tax breaks, tax year plan that the President sup- 1.5 percent for our poorest Americans. posedly is eyeing over at the White loopholes and tax benefits, tax pref- That is unfair. That plan will not House of how to get to a balanced erences that benefit the wealthy and reach the year 2002. Senator CONRAD’s budget in 10 years, which this budget the big corporations. Tax entitlements plan will. are the largest entitlement in dollar I urge its adoption. does in 9 years. terms and the third fastest growing Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, how Mr. GRAHAM. Will the Senator from major area of the Federal budget. The much time remains on each side? Pennsylvania yield for a question? Republican budget plan lets these tax The PRESIDING OFFICER. There Mr. SANTORUM. Let me finish my loopholes and tax preferences grow are 261⁄2 minutes for your side, and 181⁄2 time. Then I be would happy to yield, if without discipline, at twice the rate of minutes for the other side. I have any time left.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00041 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7322 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 24, 1995 I did a little homework. I found the The budget resolution says when we counting Social Security trust funds. Chief of Staff at the White House, Leon have tax cuts, if we do, they will not go It is a significant breakthrough. We do Panetta, who was Budget Committee to the rich. I do not know how many it by less draconian cuts on the high- chairman when I was on the Budget times I can say it, but that is the priority programs of education, Medi- Committee and offered a budget resolu- truth. Read the resolution. care, Medicaid, veterans, and many tion. ‘‘The Story of America’s Future, In addition, that $170 billion which others. Preparing the Nation For the 21st Cen- the Republicans say give back to We are able to do that because we re- tury,’’ which was a 10-year balanced Americans, they spend that. Of course, ject the tax reduction aimed and tar- budget, just being produced over at the $230 billion and $170 billion is $400 bil- geted primarily at the wealthiest White House, basically presented here lion. It seems to me, if you have $400 among us, and we say there is no need today, and they are remarkably simi- billion to spend, you can save a lot of to defend every tax preference, every lar—big cuts in defense, cuts in entitle- programs. tax loophole, every tax break that is in ments, which the Conrad budget does, I yield 1 additional minute. the current code. and up to a $400 billion in tax in- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- This chart shows it—$4 trillion of tax creases. ator from New Mexico is recognized for preferences over the next 7 years. We It is the same old song. 1 additional minute. say let us limit the growth to inflation Mr. GRAHAM. Will the Senator from Mr. DOMENICI. The question is, plus 1 percent. That saves us $228 bil- Pennsylvania yield for a question? should the American people be taxed lion. Mr. FAIRCLOTH. The time of the $230 billion more at this time in his- Now, my friends may be able to de- Senator from Pennsylvania has ex- tory, and should they not be entitled to fend every tax preference, every tax pired. at least take a look at whether they break, every tax loophole. I am not. I Who yields time? should get a tax cut when we get things do not understand the practice of al- Mr. DOMENICI. I yield myself 3 min- in balance, or should we spend it all? lowing 73 percent of the foreign cor- utes. That is the issue, plain and simple. All porations doing business in this coun- Mr. President, let me say to Senator the rest is an interesting discussion try to get by without paying one dime CONRAD and those who joined him, that which nobody has enough time to ana- of tax. Those are not U.S. taxpayers. we are— lyze. But I still commend the Senator. They are foreign taxpayers doing busi- Mr. GRAHAM. Will the Senator from It is better than nothing. We did not ness here, and we allow 73 percent of New Mexico yield for a question? have anything until now. them to get by without paying a penny. Mr. DOMENICI. No, I will not. I have So I thank him for doing something It makes no sense. not had a chance to speak yet. Let me better than having nothing to offer. I do not understand the practice of do this. I am not shying away from Frankly, it is a false gesture. There having a section 936 in the code that questions. Let me say to Senator will be a lot of people who will vote for costs $57,000 for every job created in CONRAD that it is very good that you it. They will say they voted for a bal- Puerto Rico under that section of the would bring a balanced budget to the anced budget also. Frankly, I think it code. I think we could do away with floor at 1 o’clock when there is 30 min- is a little too late. Nonetheless, we will that loophole, and overwhelmingly the utes left to debate. probably vote on it later today. people of this country would agree. I do The President sent a budget up about I yield the floor at this point and re- not see any reason we should not say to 4 months ago. The Republicans sent a serve the remainder of the time. the billionaires who renounce their budget to the Budget Committee about Mr. GRAHAM. Will the Senator from U.S. citizenship to avoid taxes, that 21⁄2 to 3 weeks ago. We have been on the New Mexico yield for a question or loophole should now be closed. floor a little more than a week. Frank- yield time to the Senator from Penn- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The time ly, there is no way to analyze the budg- sylvania? of the Senator has expired. et. But, frankly, I am absolutely posi- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who Mr. CONRAD. I thank the Chair. tive that it does contain a couple of yields time? The PRESIDING OFFICER. The things that everybody should under- Mr. DOMENICI. I do not have any Chair recognizes the Senator from Illi- stand. time. nois. The Senator would say he is just tak- Mr. EXON addressed the Chair. Mr. SIMON. Mr. President, I rise in ing care of loopholes, just not letting The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- strong support of the Conrad amend- those grow as much, not letting the tax ator from Nebraska. ment. In response to my colleague from credits and other things grow. He is Mr. EXON. Mr. President, unfortu- Pennsylvania, who said this is smoke freezing them at 1-percent growth. nately, the Senator from Nebraska is and mirrors, it took about 10 of us The truth of the matter is that placed in the position where I have a about six meetings to put this to- equals a number. That is a dollar num- great number of Senators who want to gether, plus our staffs. It is substan- ber. My estimate is that it is $230 bil- address this. If I have any time left for tial. I do not suggest that the budget lion in new taxes no matter how you myself at all, I would like to answer offered by the Senator from New Mex- cut it, because in this resolution, if it some of the statements that have been ico is smoke and mirrors. This is not is done right, they tell the Finance made. But in view of the fact that I smoke and mirrors. The question is, Committee to raise revenues in the have Members on this side who are which is more equitable? And I think amount of $230 billion. Obviously, if very vitally involved in this whole clearly the Conrad amendment is. you raise revenues $230 billion, you can matter at this time, I would like to The second question is the growth of spend a lot of money. You can spend yield 2 additional minutes for whatever tax loopholes or tax entitlements. I $230 billion of the taxpayers’ money. purposes he sees proper to my col- have heard the Senator from New Mex- We did not do that. Americans should league from North Dakota. I would like ico speak often about entitlements and understand that. to yield, following that 2 minutes, to the need to get hold of them. He is ab- In addition, the Senate budget reso- my colleague from the State of Illinois solutely correct. But that also applies lution said when you balance, there is and 2 minutes to my colleague from to tax entitlements, and what the a dividend. We do not know if they the State of New Jersey, 6 minutes in Conrad amendment does is say on tax have a dividend on that side. But we total. loopholes, they can grow at the rate of said when that dividend accrues we cut The PRESIDING OFFICER. The inflation plus 1 percent. Americans’ taxes by $170 billion. It is Chair recognizes the Senator from Finally, I would say I am a pessimist very easy to sit up here and say we are North Dakota. that any of these things will stand only going to cut for the rich. It is not Mr. CONRAD. I thank the Senator without the teeth of a constitutional true. If they did not have that in their from Nebraska. amendment. Our history is after 2 vocabulary on that side, they would In answer to my colleague from years they blow up. But I believe the not have anything to talk that about. Pennsylvania, this is not the same old Conrad plan has a greater chance of Every time they get up, they talk song. This is a balanced budget and one standing up through the test of time about taxing the rich. that does it without using or without because it is more fair. The burden is

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00042 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7323 spread more evenly. I strongly support this budget resolution is use the top 5 ference. But I offered this particular the Conrad amendment. instead of the top 3 for your averages. proposal because I am very concerned The PRESIDING OFFICER. The And we hope to do some grandfathering about people having the retirement Chair recognizes the Senator from New in the committee so that it has the rules changed on them along the way Jersey. least damaging effect. On the other in their working career. Mr. BRADLEY. Mr. President, the hand, I would like to do more but I am Mr. EXON. Mr. President, how much issue of whether there will be a tax in- also hopeful that when we go to con- time do I have remaining? crease in the budget resolution, of ference I can hold what we have done, The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- course, is yesterday’s story. There al- and from what I understand from most ator has 12 minutes 9 seconds. ready is a tax increase in the Repub- senior groups, most Federal employee Mr. EXON. I yield 2 minutes to the lican budget proposal. It is the elimi- groups, with some grandfathering this Senator from Michigan and following nation of the earned-income tax credit. is much more palatable than what the that 2 minutes to the Senator from It is a tax increase of $20 billion on House did. Minnesota. families that earn under $28,000 a year. Second, I would like to talk about The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- So make no mistake, the issue is not WIC. Some people have talked about ator from Michigan has 2 minutes. whether or not there will be a tax in- the Women, Infants and Children Pro- Mr. LEVIN. Mr. President, I thank crease. The issue is who is going to pay gram. I think it was Senator LEAHY. the Senator from Nebraska. the tax. And I believe that this meas- We accommodated an increase in the The budget resolution before us as- ure is appropriate. It says that cor- WIC Program. There is no argument sumes a 15 percent reduction in over- porations and wealthy individuals who that other programs should be re- head for programs in nondefense agen- use tax loopholes should lose them or strained, but we said we think that cies. It assumes no reduction in over- have them limited. The Senator from should be increased; that is very impor- head for the Defense Department. I South Dakota and I might disagree on tant, nutrition. In fact, it is a $1.6 bil- think that is the wrong signal to send which tax loopholes should be elimi- lion increase. to the Defense Department, particu- nated, but there is no question that we With reference to the power mar- larly given the fact that we know there should tell the Finance Committee to keting, there is and there will be an has been remaining waste in the de- work to achieve that amount of deficit amendment and discussion about it. fense budget. We have identified lit- reduction through the elimination of Let me just suggest we understood erally hundreds of millions of dollars the tax loopholes. from Members on our side and the that the GAO has pointed out could be If this amendment does not succeed, Democrat side that the PMA’s as pro- saved by improved efficiency in travel when we get to the end and we are of- posed by the House was too tough; it management. We know of the billions fering amendments that will not be would raise utility rates very high in of dollars of expenditures where they able to be debated, I will be offering some areas of the country. We scaled it cannot even identify authority for the another alternative budget that will back tremendously in this budget reso- expenditures. cut discretionary spending more, Med- lution. For those who are interested, We can reduce somewhat the over- icaid and Medicare less, tax expendi- we reduced the savings in the Presi- head in the Defense Department. My tures less, have a tobacco tax, cut de- dent’s budget by two-thirds, or $2.9 bil- amendment which I will send to the fense more, and cut agriculture more. lion, the assumption of savings. desk says it is the sense of the Senate That will be an alternative budget to We also assumed that existing cus- that the Armed Services Committee the one that is being offered now by tomers get preferential rights to pur- and the Appropriations Committee the distinguished Senator from North chase the PMA’s. I think we did a very should reduce the overhead in the De- Dakota. So that, indeed, we will have credible and good job in that area, and fense Department by 3 percent—just 3 two Democratic amendments that I hope that the Senate would not fur- percent. And again the contrast here is would produce a balanced budget—not ther change that during the waning very clear. We have in this budget as- one but two. And I hope that this moments. sumed a 15-percent reduction in over- amendment is seriously addressed by In addition, I repeat one more time, head of nondefense agencies, but the the Senate and passed, because it is this budget resolution says by adoption budget makes no cut, no assumption clearly better than the current budget of a sense-of-the-Senate resolution, if about the reduction in overhead in the proposal. taxes are granted to the American peo- Defense Department. And given the The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who ple, 90 percent of them shall go to fact there has been identification of ex- yields time? Americans earning $100,000 or less. cess and waste in overhead in the De- Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, how If I did not use all of my time, I will fense Department, we ought to at least much time remains? reserve the remainder of it and yield at ask the Appropriations Committee and The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- this time. the authorizing committee to cut over- ator has 19 minutes 2 seconds. Mr. SARBANES. Will the Senator head—and I emphasize the word ‘‘over- Mr. DOMENICI. That is all that is re- yield? head’’—by 3 percent. This does not re- maining? Mr. DOMENICI. I will be pleased to duce the programmatic activities of The PRESIDING OFFICER. The yield. the agency. Democratic side has 12 minutes 9 sec- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who Just the way the 15-percent reduc- onds. yields time? tion in overhead was directed to be Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I have Mr. DOMENICI. I yield. taken out of things like travel and rent a number of comments I wish to make. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The and not out of the programs of the I yield myself 5 minutes. Chair recognizes the Senator from agencies, so this minimum 3 percent Mr. President, on Federal workers, Maryland. reduction in defense is directed not to there will be an amendment called up Mr. SARBANES. I will be very brief. come out of the programmatic activi- that Senator SARBANES offered, and, That this resolution is more sensitive ties of the defense agencies. frankly, I want the body to know that toward the Federal employees than the The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- I worked very hard with Federal em- House-passed resolution is correct. I ator’s time has expired. ployees representative groups. We did a think we have done better than the Mr. EXON. As I understand it, the lot better in this budget resolution for House. I offered the amendment on the Senator will send the amendment to Federal workers than the House did. retirement provision because I feel the desk for later consideration. First of all, we did not freeze their strongly we ought not to change the Mr. LEVIN. That is correct. pay. They get their regular pay in- rules on people who have given long The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- creases. We provided sufficient money. service and planned this retirement. ator from Minnesota is recognized for 2 The House provided a freeze. Unlike But the overall package in the Senate minutes. the House approach, we did not put a resolution is better than what the AGRICULTURE AND NUTRITION PROGRAMS tax on them to put in the pension fund House has done, and I am hopeful that Mr. WELLSTONE. I thank you, Mr. of 2.4 percent. The only thing that is in we can do even better in the con- President.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00043 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7324 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 24, 1995 Later on, we will be voting on an heads of future generations. There is It is an area of intense wildlife activ- amendment offered by Senator EXON an environmental debt, as well. We ity. Animals give birth, nurse and feed and, I believe, Senators DASCHLE and have a moral duty to give them a world their young, and set about the critical DORGAN, and I am an original cospon- that has clean water and clean air, and business of fueling up for winters of un- sor. This amendment would restore $15 open vistas where wildlife runs free. speakable severity. billion from the tax cuts to agriculture One of the great birthrights of every Addressing my second concern—that and nutrition programs. American citizen is the wealth of su- the revenue raised from drilling in this Mr. President, I will tell you, a perlative public lands. wilderness area will not result in such minute and a half is not enough time Unfortunately, the budget resolution a significant amount of money that it to talk about nutrition programs, but I before us today jeopardizes one of the couldn’t be found elsewhere—let me want to just remind my colleagues that most spectacular places in America: say that the estimated revenue is only some 13 million children received food the coastal plain of the Arctic National two-tenths of 1 percent of the total stamp benefits in 1992. Families with Wildlife Refuge. There is a provision in savings. children receive 1.9 percent of food the budget that provides for oil and gas And that’s why I’m here today, to stamp benefits. lease sales in this sanctuary. Located offer an amendment that will prohibit In addition, we are talking about the in the northeastern corner of Alaska, the leasing of the coastal plain of child and adult care food program this unique piece of our natural herit- ANWR to pay for deficit reduction and which is nutritional assistance for chil- age is bordered on the north by the to recommend that we pay for the loss dren at child care centers—and I have Arctic Ocean and Beaufort Sea, and on in revenue with an offset that would visited those centers—we are talking the south by the snow-capped Brooks come from taxing millionaire ex-patri- about $20 billion-plus of cuts in the Range. ots. I don’t think there’s any question Food Stamp Program. And I say to my As a lead sponsor of S. 428, the bill that the small number of wealthy indi- colleagues, not that long ago, the Sen- that designates the coastal plain of the viduals who choose to renounce or re- ate unanimously supported an amend- Arctic National Wildlife Refuge as wil- linquish their citizenship for the pur- ment that I offered that we would take derness area, I am concerned by the pose of avoiding taxes—or any other no action that would increase hunger provision in the budget proposal that reason—are still responsible to pay among children in America. Three uses revenues taken from sales of taxes on the estate, income, trust and times I tried to get a vote on that and leases to drill the coastal plain. gift revenue they received while still lost. The fourth time we went on My concern arises on two levels: Americans. record supporting it. first, that the budget is assuming rev- My amendment to prohibit the sale I just simply want to say that these enue from a pristine wilderness area; of leases for oil and gas development in cuts in these nutrition programs will and second, that the revenue raised the coastal plain of ANWR is revenue lead to increased hunger among chil- from drilling in this wilderness area neutral. The revenue loss of $2.3 billion dren. The food stamp program in the will not amount to such an insignifi- over 7 years is fully offset by closing United States of America is not per- cant amount of money that it could tax loopholes that have been used by fect, but, given the tremendous dispari- easily be found elsewhere. wealthy Americans who renounce their ties of welfare benefits, very low bene- Mr. President, as I’ve said before, the citizenship. My amendment is consistent with fits, way below poverty level in many best thing we have learned from nearly the current law—with the dictates of States, it is the true safety net for 500 years of contact with the American Congress—law that prohibits oil and children. wilderness is restraint, the need to gas drilling in the coastal plain of To have these kinds of reductions in stay our hand and preserve our pre- ANWR. It is also consistent with agree- this food assistance program is one of cious environment and future resources ments that we have made with Canada the cruelest things we could do. And rather than destroy them for momen- to preserve and protect this wilderness this summer, well before that final rec- tary gain. area, especially the habitat and culture onciliation bill, I am going to be on the For this reason, I have been active in of the native people who live in the floor over and over and over again re- the effort to designate the refuge area. minding my colleagues of the con- coastal plain of Alaska as a wilderness sequences of what we are doing with My amendment prevents oil and gas area. And I am not alone. Only 4 years leasing in the coastal plain of ANWR these cuts. These are real children, real ago, Congress rejected the idea of sac- faces, real people, in our country. They without hearings in Congress. It does rificing a prime part of our national not preclude future development of this do not have the political clout but they heritage, the Arctic National Wildlife deserve much more of our support. area, but only prevents Congress from Refuge, for what would be a minimal using these savings from oil and gas The PRESIDING OFFICER. The time supply of oil. The Arctic National of the Senator from Minnesota has ex- leasing in the current budget process. Wildlife Refuge is an invaluable region The coastal plain—where the oil and pired. with wildlife diversity that has been Who yields time? gas leasing would occur is the biologi- Mr. EXON. Mr. President, I have an compared to Africa’s Serengeti. cal heart and the center of wildlife ac- As I’ve said in earlier statements, the additional speaker that I would be glad tivity in the refuge. It is a critical part Alaskan wilderness area is not only a to yield to at this time. of our Nation’s preeminent wilderness Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I say critical part of our Earth’s ecosystem— and would be destroyed by oil develop- to Senator ROTH, do you want to dis- the last remaining region where the ment. cuss an amendment you were going to complete spectrum of arctic and sub- There are those who may think the offer? arctic ecosystems comes together—but northern coast of Alaska is too remote Mr. ROTH. Yes. it is a vital part of our national con- for us to worry about. I urge them to Mr. DOMENICI. I yield 2 minutes to sciousness. It is a place we can cherish read the CONGRESSIONAL RECORDS from Senator ROTH and 1 minute to Senator and visit for our soul’s good. It offers the 1870’s. The men who initially urged STEVENS. us a sense of well-being and promises the Congress to protect a place called The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- that not all dreams have been dreamt. Yellowstone were subject to ridicule. ator from New Mexico yields 2 minutes The Alaskan wilderness is a place of Why, critics asked, should we forgo the to the Senator from Delaware. outstanding wildlife, wilderness, and opportunity to dig up minerals from PREVENTING OIL AND GAS LEASES IN THE recreation, a land dotted by beautiful the area? It’s a remote place, and few ARCTIC NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE forests, dramatic peaks and glaciers, Americans will ever venture there. Mr. ROTH. Mr. President, when the gentle foothills, and undulating tun- Today, as we wrestle with America’s time has expired, I intend to offer an dra. It is untamed—rich with Caribou, future, let’s be as far-sighted as that amendment to prevent oil and gas polar bear, grizzly, wolves, musk oxen, Congress eventually proved to be. Let’s leases to be made in the Arctic Na- Dall sheep, moose, and hundreds of not cash in a unique piece of America tional Wildlife Refuge. thousands of birds—snow geese, tundra for a brief, hoped-for rush of oil. Let’s Mr. President, a financial debt is not swans, black brant, and more. In all, protect the coastal plain of the Arctic the only threat that hangs over the about 165 species use the coastal plain. National Wildlife Refuge—forever.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00044 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7325 Mr. President, this amendment will of wilderness, an area larger than the need to do it today for the future of not allow revenues to be used in this States of Vermont, New Hampshire, this country’s needs for energy and budget that are supposed to come from Connecticut, and Rhode Island. jobs. doing something that Congress has not In 1991, Alaska had over 57.5 million Mr. GLENN addressed the Chair. allowed. acres of wilderness. Compare this with The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who This is how it should be done. My the State with the next greatest yields time? amendment accomplishes this purpose. amount of wilderness—California— Mr. EXON. Mr. President, at this And I encourage my colleagues to sup- which had, in 1991, less than 6 million time, I yield 2 minutes to the Senator port this important effort. acres of wilderness. Compare this also from Ohio, followed by 2 minutes to the Mr. DOMENICI. I yield one 1 minute with the fact that Connecticut, Dela- Senator from Virginia, followed by 2 to the Senator from Alaska. ware, Iowa, Kansas, Maryland, Rhode minutes to the Senator from Con- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Island, and the District of Columbia necticut. Chair recognizes the Senator from have no wilderness. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Alaska. Within Alaska, we have individual Chair recognizes the Senator from Mr. STEVENS. Mr. President, the wilderness areas larger than some Ohio. basic concept of this resolution is that other States. For example, Gates of the Mr. GLENN. Mr. President, I thank it assumes no increase in revenue. Sen- Arctic National Park, which at 8.4 mil- the floor manager of the bill. Mr. President, do I have a bargain for ator ROTH’s amendment is one of the lion acres, is twice the size of New Jer- the U.S. Senate. This is the best deal first to assume increased taxes. It is a sey, contains 7.1 million acres of wil- you are going to get all day, I think. tax increase. His amendment will re- derness—an area 6 times the size of For every dollar spent, you are going quire an increase in revenue because it Delaware. Within the Arctic National to get $5 back and no new taxes. How takes out the revenue that would be Wildlife Refuge, too, there are 8 mil- do we do that? Sounds like blue smoke generated by leasing 1.5 million acres lion acres of wilderness, an area the and mirrors, but it is not. of the North Slope. It is not wilderness. size of Massachusetts and Delaware Mr. President, this amendment It has never been wilderness. It is the combined. makes sure that we do not jeopardize largest potential area of oil and gas But this area should not be confused more than $9 billion in deficit reduc- production in the United States. with the 1.5 million acres that we are tion. I am pleased to be joined in this I oppose this amendment. The audac- discussing today for development of its amendment by my good friend from Il- ity of those that would keep that oil potential. In section 1002 of the linois, Senator SIMON. blocked up. They are leading to the Alaska National Interest Lands Con- Let me stress that there are a num- concept where we are now purchasing servation Act of 1980, Congress set this ber of things about this budget resolu- 55 percent of our oil from overseas, area aside and required Interior to re- tion I support, not the least of which is roughly $70 billion a year, because we port on the resources and oil potential its strong approach to reducing the def- are not producing oil from our own in this area for the future. icit and controlling the costs of Gov- public lands. Interior conducted seismic studies of ernment. And while I disagree with I want to respond to suggestions that the area and concluded that there is a many of the priorities chosen by the the coastal plain Congress set aside in 46-percent chance of discovering com- chairman of the Budget Committee, I 1980 within the Arctic National Wildlife mercial quantities of oil. It estimated commend his commitment and perse- Refuge for a study of its oil and gas po- that there may be as much as 9.2 bil- verance in seeking to balance the budg- tential is wilderness. This land is not lion barrels of oil in the coastal plain— et so that we can leave our children wilderness. Congress has not declared which would make it the largest re- and grandchildren a legacy of hope, it wilderness. Congress set this area maining oil reserve in North America. rather than debt. aside to study the oil potential of this To give some perspective of how much Mr. President, I believe the amend- area, the potential which we now wish oil that is, 10 billion barrels have been ment I am offering today furthers that to develop. pumped out of the Prudhoe Bay field— goal by preserving the antifraud com- Mr. President, in 1980, Congress with- and it has been supplying 25 percent of pliance initiative of the Internal Rev- drew 19 million acres in northeast this country’s domestic oil need since enue Service which will bring in al- Alaska to establish the Arctic National the late 70’s. most $5 for every $1 we spend. Wildlife Refuge, an acreage that equals Some have argued that oil and gas Currently $164.3 billion in unpaid the entire State of Maine. Of that, Con- development would destroy the wildlife taxes are owed to the Government. gress designated as wilderness 8 million in the area. The same arguments were Much of that is not collectible because acres, an acreage exceeding the com- made when Congress considered the of defunct corporations, bankruptcy, bined area of the States of New Jersey Trans Alaska Pipeline Authorization death or loss of employment. But $30.1 and Connecticut. Congress designated bill in 1973. But the facts prove other- billion of that total is collectible right the other 11 million acres non-wilder- wise. Since oil and gas was developed now. I think that bears repeating: $30.1 ness refuge lands. At that time, Con- at Prudhoe Bay, the caribou population billion is rightfully owed to the Gov- gress also set aside 1.5 million acres in the area has skyrocketed, increasing ernment and is collectible right now. within the non-wilderness area of the by a whopping 600 percent. Likewise, That is where the compliance initia- Arctic National Wildlife Refuge to populations of musk oxen, waterfowl, tive comes in. Last year, with bipar- study them for oil potential. It is this and polar bear have either remained tisan support, the Congress approved area which we want to develop, not wil- stable or increased. In fact, with mod- and funded the compliance initiative to derness within the Refuge. ern drilling technology, only 5,000 to collect this debt and it is projected I also want to respond to the sugges- 7,000 acres—roughly one-half of one that $9.2 billion will be collected over tion of some Members and people out- percent—of the 1.5 million acres in the the next 5 years. I think that is a con- side this body continue to argue that coastal plain area would be impacted servative estimate, I am happy to re- this 1.5 million acre set-aside rep- by roads, structures, or other develop- port that collections are ahead of resents the only, or the last, great wil- ment activities. schedule. In the first quarter of the ini- derness. This is just not so. Alaska, I urge you to let Alaska’s oil re- tiative alone, $101 million has been col- which has been singled out among all sources go to work to reduce the budg- lected—money that will reduce the def- the states, is full of lands that have et deficit, increase domestic oil produc- icit which is what the budget resolu- been given a wilderness designation by tion, and create jobs. I urge you not to tion before us is all about. Congress. Alaska, in fact, with over 56 be swayed by inaccurate statements Mr. President, the first quarter re- million acres of wilderness, has 64 per- about the ‘‘1002 area’’ on the Arctic sults are laid out for all to see in this cent of all wilderness acreage in the coastal plain—inaccurate statements report which I ask unanimous consent United States. This is an area larger about its wilderness designation or its to be printed in the RECORD. than the States of North Carolina and importance as the last great wilder- There being no objection, the mate- South Carolina combined. In the Arctic ness. Congress set aside this area to be rial was ordered to be printed in the of Alaska, there are 21.2 million acres studied for development of oil, and we RECORD, as follows:

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00045 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7326 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 24, 1995 STATUS OF ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE ing their taxes while others are getting initiative but insist on placing it under Currently, gross accounts receivable are off scot-free. the caps are perhaps the ones engaging $164.3 billion. Included in that amount are an I have talked with countless Ohioans in smoke and mirrors. These Senators active accounts receivable inventory and a who tell me that they diligently fill get to say that they support compli- currently uncollectible portion. out their tax forms, go through all of As of March 1995 the active portion of the ance, while knowing full well that accounts receivable inventory was $81.4 bil- the hassles with our all-to-complicated under the caps there is no money to lion; $30.1 billion of the $81.4 is the net col- Tax Code, send in their payments, only pay for it. Unfortunately, the only ones lectible portion of these receivables—this is to then hear about those who are get- who stand to gain are dishonest people the part we can collect right now. ting away with falsifying their returns and corporations who are not willing to The remaining $51.1 billion of the $81.1 is or submitting none at all. Or corpora- pay their fair share. They mock the the allowance for doubtful accounts (ADA) of tions that have developed tax schemes honest American taxpayer. And who the uncollectible portion—the part most to walk away from their liability while likely to be written off. are the losers, the American taxpayer Some of the reasons why these receivables everyone else picks up the tab. It is in- who has to pick up the tab, the Federal will not be collected are: defunct corpora- furiating. Alot of people may not like treasury which will lose more than $9 tions; taxpayers who have died, or suffered the IRS, but I will guarantee you they billion, and the big loser—deficit re- such other personal hardship as serious ill- like tax cheats a lot less. duction. ness or loss of employment; bankrupt busi- Well, if our amendment fails tax Senator SIMON and I want no part of nesses; inability to locate taxpayers, and cheats everywhere can rest easy. Quite an effort that so flies in the face of ra- abatements due to IRS and taxpayer errors. simply, by putting the compliance ini- The portion of our receivables in currently tionality. The amendment that we uncollectible status is $82.9 billion. A large tiative under the spending caps, the have introduced strikes that part of portion of this amount is accrued penalties budget resolution could force the IRS the budget resolution which requires and interest. This category represents ac- to abandon this important initiative that the compliance initiative be fund- counts not included in the active portion be- which not only generates revenue, but ed on budget. The affect of the amend- cause a collection employee has determined also assures honest Americans that ment would simply be to return the a taxpayer cannot currently pay owed taxes. others are also going to be paying their compliance initiative to its off-budget There is a likelihood that some portion of fair share. This notion of fairness is the status, where the Congress put it last the amount owed could still be collected in underlying principle behind the Tax the future. year, and where it has been working to In FY 94 alone, the IRS collected $1.2 tril- Code. bring in delinquent taxes ever since. lion in net tax receipts. Also in FY 94, the Eliminating the compliance initia- Mr. President, I would urge by col- active accounts receivables increased 7 per- tive not only cuts revenue to the leagues to support this amendment, so cent ($5.1 billion), the smallest growth in ac- Treasury by more than $9 billion, even that we can get on with the task of def- tive accounts receivable in 4 years. worse, it undermines confidence in our icit reduction. Mr. GLENN. Mr. President, this bi- Tax Code by signalling to Americans I ask unanimous consent that a sum- partisan antifraud program was placed that the Senate believes in double mary of the IRS compliance initiative outside the discretionary spending caps standards, that there are rules for be printed in the RECORD. for a very simple reason: the Budget hard-working Americans who pay their There being no objection, the mate- Enforcement Act precludes scoring rev- taxes, and no rules for people who rial was ordered to be printed in the enue gains from these kinds of compli- don’t. More effective compliance sends RECORD, as follows: ance activities. the right message: that there are no IRS COMPLIANCE INITIATIVE Unfortunately, language placed in double standards when it comes to tax NEED FOR COMPLIANCE INITIATIVE this year’s budget resolution shifts the fairness. Everyone must pay their fair Last year, Congress approved a $405 million initiative back within the caps. That share, and we will enforce the laws annual investment to collect an additional will have the effect of penalizing the against those who don’t. $9.2 billion to reduce the deficit over five initiative—and its substantial revenue Mr. President, I would urge my col- years. gains—in the appropriations process, leagues to recall that this entire issue The structure under which the Compliance since it forces appropriators to con- was settled last year. The Senate and Initiative was originally approved has pro- sider the initiative’s costs without al- the House both approved and funded vided the Congress and the IRS the flexi- lowing them to account for its much the IRS compliance initiative, and the bility to meet budgetary objectives, while at the same time strengthen compliance. greater revenue gains. IRS has since done its part. The IRS is This would likely lead to deep cuts, already ahead of schedule in collecting IRS COMPLIANCE INITIATIVE IS WORKING or even the abandonment, of an initia- the taxes targeted for this year, and Early results show that IRS will meet or tive that brings almost five times what that’s before most of the new compli- exceed the goal of generating the additional we spend on it. Those cuts would show ance employees are even fully trained. $9.2 billion. Through the first quarter of FY 1995, the initiative has generated an addi- up as short-term savings of $2 billion to Now, I have heard that some Sen- tional $101 million, 31% of the FY 1995 com- the Treasury. But it would ultimately ators share my view that the compli- mitment. The payoff in later years will be lead to a net loss of at lest $9.2 billion ance initiative makes a lot of sense, higher when the new people become fully over 5 years. This is shortsighted, and but think that, to avoid smoke and productive. it’s bad business. mirrors, it belongs on budget. In other Initiative results are being tracked. A new Mr. President, that is why members words, they say that if the IRS and the system for tracking this initiative and re- of both parties chose to remove the administration think this is so impor- lated revenues raised by it was developed by compliance initiative from the caps tant, they should fund the Initiative the IRS and accepted by GAO. The First Quarter Report was delivered to Congress, on last year. It is why the House budget within the caps. That is a reasonable schedule, on March 31. resolution continues that structure. notion that in years past might have CUTTING THE INITIATIVE WOULD INCREASE THE This is not a partisan issue. When it worked, and I probably would have DEFICIT came up before the Senate Budget agreed with them. Congress is working hard to shrink govern- Committee, my colleague from Mis- However, as we all know, our efforts ment costs. With regard to the initiative, souri, Senator BOND, voted to keep the to eliminate the deficit have neces- however, for every appropriated dollar initiative outside the caps. It is a sitated that funds available in previous ‘‘saved’’, tax revenues are reduced by nearly sound business investment. years simply don’t exist any longer. five dollars. Elimination of the five-year ini- But Mr. President, the compliance But this initiative was developed to as- tiative commitment for FY 1996 and beyond initiative is not only about bringing in sist in that effort—to help reduce the would dramatically hinder the IRS’ ability revenue properly owed the Govern- deficit. That is why the current struc- to address significant areas of noncompli- ment, it is also about fairness. I know ture was established. We all want to ance that the Congress has urged it to focus that some view the IRS as an easy tar- on—boosting examination coverage, reduc- collect delinquent taxes, and a $5 re- ing accounts receivable, and curbing filing get because of public animosity toward turn for every dollar spent is a wise in- fraud. the agency. Of course, no one enjoys vestment by any standard. Further, only $300 million in additional paying taxes. But what really burns I would argue, in fact, that those revenues will have been realized, sacrificing people up is to feel that they are pay- Senators who support the compliance $8.9 billion that will be achieved in FY 1996–

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00046 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7327 1999, and an additional $2.1 billion in years the proposed language on the Compliance ment offered by the Senator from past FY 1999. Initiative budget structure, so that we can North Dakota [Mr. CONRAD], the one on And this revenue loss relates only to direct continue to reduce the deficit as Congress in- the fair share budget; and the one of- revenues—the Service’s enforcement activi- tended last year. We urge you to support his fered by the Senator from Delaware ties also encourage voluntary compliance. amendment. Please have your staff contact Every one percent increase in voluntary John Haseley with Senator Glenn (4–1519) or [Mr. ROTH] on the Arctic National compliance increases tax revenues by $10 bil- Aaron Rappaport with Senator Simon (4– Wildlife Refuge. lion annually. 5573), with any questions. ARCTIC NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE ELIMINATING THE INITIATIVE SERIOUSLY Sincerely, AMENDMENT DAMAGES COLLECTIONS JOHN GLENN. Mr. LIEBERMAN. Mr. President, I IRS has put in place a long range hiring PAUL SIMON. am pleased to be an original cosponsor and training plan. By the end of May, over I urge support for this amendment. I of Senator ROTH’s amendment to pro- 5,000 people will have been hired or rede- will submit it at the appropriate time. tect the Arctic National Wildlife Ref- ployed to compliance jobs as part of this ini- I thank the Chair. uge from oil and gas development. The tiative. These employees are collecting taxes The PRESIDING OFFICER. The time budget resolution before us directs the already due, which if not collected, increase of the Senator has expired. The Sen- Energy Committee to authorize the the burden on those taxpayers who volun- ator from Virginia is recognized for 2 lease of 1.5 million acres of this inter- tarily meet their tax obligations. minutes. Elimination of the Initiative would require nationally significant refuge to oil IRS to immediately institute a hiring freeze Mr. ROBB. Thank you, Mr. President. companies. If this happens, it will vir- and in FY 1996 furlough the approximately I thank the managers of the bill. tually destroy one of the world’s crown 70,000 Compliance employees for up to 17 Mr. DOMENICI. Did I yield the Sen- jewels of nature for a small supply of days to reduce expenditures by $405 million. ator time, or did the Senator from Ne- oil. Yet, only last week in Senate de- In FY 1997, either further furloughs or a re- braska yield time? bate, oil from wilderness areas of Alas- duction in force would be necessary to re- Mr. ROBB. The time was yielded by ka’s North Slope was characterized as duce employment. Attrition alone would not the Senator from Nebraska. a surplus that should be made available be sufficient to get to lower staffing levels. Mr. DOMENICI. Can I yield it so the for export. Clearly, oil from the Arctic SAFEGUARDING TAXPAYER RIGHTS Senator from Nebraska has time left? National Wildlife Refuge is not a vital As tax administrators, one of the IRS’ How much time does the Senator from energy need for the United States. most important responsibilities is to ensure Virginia want, 3 or 4 minutes? The social and environmental cost of that taxpayers are treated fairly, cour- Mr. ROBB. Two minutes will be ade- teously and with respect. The IRS is com- quate. developing the refuge would be huge. It mitted to respecting the rights of all tax- Mr. DOMENICI. I yield 2 minutes to would severely impact major calving payers. Senator ROBB. grounds and disrupt migration for one In the last several years, the IRS has taken FAIR SHARE of the largest caribou herds on Earth. many steps administratively to safeguard The Porcupine herd, estimated re- taxpayer rights. And IRS is working with the Mr. ROBB. Mr. President, I rise in support of the fair share amendment cently at over 152,000 caribou, uses the Congress on proposed legislative changes coastal plain of this refuge where de- that would further enhance safeguards. that was offered by the Senator from The commitment to taxpayer rights will North Dakota, Senator CONRAD. I, with velopment is targeted, to raise their continue to drive IRS’ work with regard to a number of other Senators, worked calves and prepare for the incredibly the compliance initiative and, in fact, all of with him to try to develop an alter- harsh winter migration. It is one of the the IRS’ efforts. native to the budget resolution that is few areas hospitable enough for calving on the floor. I continue to accord to and summer habitation. The Canadian U.S. SENATE, Senator DOMENICI and others credit for government provided permanent pro- Washington, DC, May 22, 1995. tection for their portion of this habitat DEAR COLLEAGUE: We are writing to inform moving us in the right direction. you about an important issue in the Senate Their amendment, if you include the in recognition of its importance and Budget Resolution which, if left unchanged, $113 billion of Social Security trust highly threatened status. could cost the government and the American funds, would come to balance under Development of this refuge will people more than $9 billion in deficit reduc- that math by the year 2002. This eliminate a significant amount of habi- tion. amendment comes by the year 2004 and tat for other wildlife, including den- Last year, with bipartisan support, the ning and feeding areas for polar bears Congress approved and funded the IRS Com- gives us true balance without using the trust funds. and Arctic wolves. Forty three percent pliance Initiative to collect over $9.2 billion of all polar bear dens in and around the in unpaid taxes to reduce the deficit. And it There are some very difficult choices has been a real success—for every dollar we still ahead of us. We are talking about refuge occur in this area. It will de- invest in this program we will receive nearly budget resolutions and not budgets. stroy a major habitat of musk oxen, five dollars in return. When we get down to the hard work of and threaten staging grounds for mil- Last year’s budget resolution placed the the authorizing and appropriating, we lions of migratory birds. It has the po- Compliance Initiative outside the discre- are going to have to be making some tential to contaminate water supplies tionary caps for a very simple reason: The for vast areas of wilderness so pristine Budget Enforcement Act precludes scoring very, very painful and difficult choices. This particular approach, in my judg- that they define the very term itself. It revenue gains resulting from these kinds of will degrade one of the last scrapes of compliance activities. However, language ment, spreads that burden more equi- placed in this year’s budget resolution shifts tably and more fairly. Hence, I am very Arctic wilderness with each of the ele- the initiative back within the discretionary much in favor of it. ments of the Arctic North Slope eco- caps. That will have the effect of penalizing I, again, commend the Senator from system preserved intact. Ninety per- the initiative in the appropriations process, New Mexico for his leadership and I, cent of this system is already open to since it will force appropriators to consider like some of the other folks on this oil and gas development. Without ques- the initiative’s costs without allowing them side of the aisle, may end up even vot- tion, oil development will result in to account for its much greater revenue major environmental damages to this gains. ing for the final version, even if this As a result, this year’s budget resolution particular distribution fails, because I unique wilderness. will likely lead to deep cuts in the Compli- think it is important that we make the It also has the potential to destroy ance Initiative, or even force the IRS to statement about the seriousness of our the economic and social basis for In- abandon the initiative entirely. Those cuts intent to move toward true deficit re- dian cultures that have depended on would show up as a short-term savings of $2 duction, and we can continue to dis- these herds for thousands of years. We billion to the Treasury. But it would ulti- agree about some of the details. know them as the Gwich’in, the mately result in a net loss of $9.2 billion over With that, I thank the Chair, and I Inuvialuit, the Aklavik and others. We 5 years (and up to $11.3 billion including the yield the floor. have heard their songs of the caribou. out years). Such short-sightedness would not They remind us of Native Americans be tolerated in the private sector, and it The PRESIDING OFFICER. The should be rejected by the U.S. Senate, as Chair recognizes the Senator from Con- who once followed vast herds of bison well. necticut for 2 minutes. on the Great Plains, and sang to their During floor debate on the Budget Resolu- Mr. LIEBERMAN. Mr. President, I future as well. In the words of these tion, we will offer an amendment to strike rise to speak in favor of the amend- Alaskan Natives, ‘‘Our Arctic way of

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00047 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7328 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 24, 1995 life has endured for 20,000 years. Why site, as has every national poll since Inuvialuit of Aklavik, Northwest Territories should it die now for 6 months of oil?’’ the election. Seventy percent of Ameri- are among those whose lifestyle and culture As a result of Senate action to lift cans feel the Federal Government has would be at risk. the oil export ban last week, it is no not done enough to protect the envi- President Jimmy Carter, op-ed to the longer clear whose 6-month supply of ronment. In the case of the Arctic Na- New York Times, wrote: oil this might be. Repeatedly, we were tional Wildlife Refuge and many other The new Congress must be reawakened to told during Senate debate that a glut treasured public lands across this Na- protecting the interests of all Americans by of North Slope oil exists. So much so, tion, I can only agree. We should not protecting public lands in Alaska. For what that we need to export this surplus to transfer public refuges, parks, forests is at stake is an unparalleled system of Fed- more profitable locations, such as eral reserves protecting wildlife, fish and or energy reserves without extensive wilderness. Polar bears, musk ox, wolves and Japan. Oil from the refuge, in all prob- hearings, informed testimony, and de- a herd of 150,000 caribou roam the remote ability, will not fill American gas bate, particularly when they are so Coastal Plain of the Arctic National Wildlife pumps. Therefore, the whole energy near and dear to the American people. Refuge in the far north—a place often called independence rationale for drilling in I want read a few words from some of ‘‘America’s Serengeti... the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge is the many letters I have received urging November’s election was not a mandate to now clearly without any foundation. me to protect the Arctic National damage Alaska’s environmental treasures. We would be drilling for oil company Wildlife Refuge: Poll after poll has shown that the American profits, not energy independence. In people remain fully committed to the protec- The Ambassador of Canada, Mr. Ray- tion that makes the unspoiled reaches of our the process, we will deplete our domes- mond Chretien, wrote: Nation the envy of the world. tic oil reserves and destroy one of our Canada believes that opening the Arctic Mr. President, I believe it is essential most valuable environmental assets. I Refuge to oil and gas development will lead for this Nation to balance its budget. I think this is a very bad tradeoff, and I to major disruptions in the sensitive calving salute the budget committee for taking think most Americans will agree. grounds and will affect migratory patterns of The plan to develop the refuge is a the Porcupine Caribou Herd on which thou- bold and concrete steps to reach this bad idea for another very big reason: it sands of Canadian and American Aboriginal goal. This is a very difficult, com- doesn’t make budget sense. Senator people depend. plicated task that requires sacrifice by In signing the 1987 Canada-United States all of us. I believe Senator ROTH’s ROTH offers a replacement offset that Agreement on the Conservation of the Por- amendment provides a better way to more than covers the projected reve- cupine Caribou Herd, the United States and nues from oil leases, the closure of the reach this goal than the proposed de- Canada both recognized the transboundary velopment of the Arctic National Wild- tax break for expatriate millionaires. nature of these wildlife resources and our This tax break is for people who re- joint responsibility for protecting them. life Refuge. It trades something we do nounce their U.S. citizenship to shield In 1984, Canada gave wilderness protection not need, a tax break for rich people their enormous wealth from the taxes to its portion of the caribou calving grounds who do not care about our country every hard-working American must by creating the Northern Yukon National enough to maintain their citizenship, Park. The critical calving grounds in the pay. It should not be preserved at the for something we do need and are will- United States, however, do not have formal ing to take care of, one of or most pre- expense of the Arctic National Wildlife protection and remain vulnerable to develop- Refuge or any other significant re- cious natural resources. ment, as evidenced by the recent budgetary In 1991, I was 1 of 44 Senators who source of this Nation. proposals. The deficit reduction value of the Canada believes that the best way to en- voted against a motion to proceed with proposed Arctic National Wildlife Ref- sure the future of the shared wildlife popu- an energy bill that contained a plan to uge lease is clouded by several unre- lation of the Arctic Coastal Plain is to des- develop oil on this refuge. Today, we solved issues. First, the $1.4 billion fig- ignate the ‘‘1002’’ lands as wilderness, there- must renew this commitment to safe- ure scored by CBO assumes a 50-percent by providing equal protection on both sides guarding this national treasure. We of this border to this irreplaceable living re- must continue our stewardship of our State share, even though State law source. calls for a 90-percent share. Second, natural resources and natural heritage. there are uncertainties about the own- Gwich’in Tribe, Renewable Resource I ask all my colleagues on both sides of ership of submerged lands within the Board, Mr. Robert Charlie, wrote: the aisle to join Senator ROTH, me and refuge. If it is determined that these Opening up the Arctic Refuge to (oil and the many other Senators supporting lands belong to Alaska, it reduces the gas) development would have a drastic nega- this amendment today. We may not tive impact on the Porcupine Caribou Herd have a second chance. lease value of the refuge further. Third, which calves in the area. In turn, the decline TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH AND TRAINING the most recent offshore State lease of the herd would devastate the aboriginal near the refuge yielded only $48.41 per cultures in Yukon and Northwest Territories Mr. LIEBERMAN. Mr. President, I acre, compared to the estimated which rely on caribou for cultural and eco- wanted to speak briefly on the amend- $1,533.00 per acre assumed by CBO—a nomic survival... ment I am pleased to cosponsor with huge discrepancy. Finally, the budget Both President Clinton and Prime Minister Senators BINGAMAN and ROCKEFELLER process itself is simply the wrong place Chretien oppose drilling in the refuge. on technology research and training. to authorize major, irreversible actions Oil development is opposed by all First Na- The Federal Government, since the tions in Canada and Alaska, with exception of this kind because it limits normal Second World War, by its investments of the Inupiat who have financial interests in research and support of technology, debate, testimony, and public input. there. The current budget rule on public The calving grounds in the ‘‘1002’’ lands are has really driven this economy. This asset sales, which this budget resolu- recognized by the International Porcupine budget begins to dismantle the appa- tion seeks to change, prohibits the Caribou Board as the most sensitive habitat ratus that has created so much wealth, scoring of these sales for deficit reduc- of the herd. growth, and jobs, and we desperately tion for good reason. It was created in A study released last week by the Alaska need to compete in the world today. It 1985 during the Gramm-Rudman-Hol- Department of Fish and Game links the drop is the beginning of kind of an economic lings Act to avoid bogus, shortsighted in growth rate of the Central Arctic Herd at disarmament as the world becomes Prudhoe Bay to eviction of cows and calves more competitive. In this budget, while asset sales in the name of deficit reduc- by oil development. tion. Nothing has changed to reduce Other department reports in preparation other nations are increasing their rel- the need for this rule today as we de- collaborate on the negative impacts of devel- ative investment in research and devel- bate the fate of the Arctic National opment on caribou calving. opment and training and technology, Wildlife Refuge. Wildlife Management Advisory Coun- we actually decrease the investment Much has been said since last Novem- cil of the North Slope, Mr. Lindsay that America is making. ber about the views of the American Staples, wrote: In Japan and Germany, and other in- people on protecting the environment. dustrialized nations, the investments Allowing oil development in the Arctic So often we hear the presumption that Refuge would severely impact on the Porcu- that are made in research and training Americans care less. But, this past pine Caribou herd. A decline in the herd and technology are beyond partisan week a national poll by ABC and the would mean social and economic ruin for the and political debate. They stand up Washington Post found quite the oppo- indigenous peoples who rely on the herd. The there with national defense. Those

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00048 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7329 folks in Japan and Germany are prob- of other industrialized nations. Today, ment has invested. These technology ably the ones who will not only find we are behind Japan and Germany in programs account for less than 2 per- this debate shocking but will get a big this critical factor. This historic pat- cent of total Federal R&D investment laugh out of the fact that we are cut- tern relative to Japan and Germany but are critical to our ability to cap- ting some of these programs. has had a direct impact on our econo- italize on our innovations. We must The Commerce Department, the mies. Since the 1950’s, our per capita not cede to other nations the economic agency that has finally brought to- GDP has risen an average of 1.8 percent benefits of American ingenuity. Along gether our effort to take the research per year, while in Japan the rate has with the elimination of the Depart- from the laboratories, convert it into been 5.2 percent per year, and in Ger- ment of Commerce, these programs are technologies that create jobs and then many, 3.1 percent per year. R&D means either slated for deep cuts or elimi- have an aggressive export promotion new products and new technologies. nation. program that sells those products The correlation between R&D invest- Getting our products into markets abroad is actually being dismantled in ment and economic growth is real. around the world has been one of the the budget before us. While other nations are increasing real achievements of the Department While I support the bottom line that their relative investment in R&D, the of Commerce in recent years. The De- the budget achieves, these are the current budget resolution would de- partment of Commerce has worked ag- wrong priorities, and I hope through crease our R&D investment. It marks a gressively to increase exports. In the the sense of the Senate that we will ex- historic reversal in U.S. policy toward last 18 months, the Commerce Depart- press our support for different prior- science and R&D. By the year 2002, the ment successfully advocated, on behalf ities. budget resolution would decrease our of U.S. companies, contracts with a I find it ironic that the budget reso- Federal investment in R&D by approxi- total U.S. export content of $25 billion. lution, by cutting critical investments mately 40 percent. The result would be In other words, for every dollar spent in science, technology and trade, de- to decrease our national investment in on the Department of Commerce, $6 pletes future sources of revenues for R&D from 1.1 percent of GDP to 0.68 have been generated in the economy. the national budget, and ultimately percent of GDP. Even if other nation’s Commerce has eliminated unnecessary weakens our economy rather than R&D investments remain constant, and and outmoded regulations on more strengthens it. In trying to save dollars do not grow, as is the trend, we fall be- than $32 billion in exports, allowing do- today, we are throwing away the in- hind countries like France and the mestic companies the freedom to suc- vestments with the biggest payoffs to- United Kingdom. The lead that Japan ceed in overseas markets. And, these morrow. We are stealing from our own and Germany have over us grows sub- accomplishments have been made with pockets tomorrow, and from our chil- stantially. This graph does not con- the smallest Cabinet budget. The advo- dren to pay for budget cuts today. The sider the multitude of rapidly growing cacy for U.S. trade will be even more strategy simply makes no sense. emerging nations, who are rapidly be- critical in coming years as the global Research and development, applied coming fierce competitors in the global marketplace becomes a larger and larg- research, export promotion, and trade marketplace. er component of our economy. law enforcement. These efforts are the These conservative estimates of the There are new international competi- fuel of our economy. Traditionally, the results of the decrease is investment in tiveness issues on our horizon and we Government has played an important R&D have major implications for our will need to be effective and efficient in role in stoking our economic furnace ability to compete in the global mar- our responsiveness to the rapidly with selected, well-defined R&D pro- ketplace with products that incor- changing global economy. New mar- grams that stimulate the economy and porate the innovations conceived by kets are emerging in developing coun- protect and promote our interests our R&D efforts. It is not sufficient to tries. Conservative estimates suggest abroad. They have been a critical en- just conceive of good ideas. These ideas that 60 percent of the growth in world gine for economic growth in the United must become products and then be trade will be with these developing States and are one of its major com- brought to market, at home and countries over the next two decades. petitive advantages. The budget resolu- abroad. Our success in the global mar- During a time when we will need in- tion’s deep cuts into research and de- ketplace is directly reflected in our creased emphasis on international velopment have the potential to dev- standard of living and our quality of trade we are contemplating elimi- astate our research institutions, insti- life. The budget resolution completely nating the only agency that advocates tutions that have international reputa- dissolves the agency that has been the for American business, in the Cabinet tions for excellence. These institutions most effective in technology develop- and abroad. spawn the new ideas that form the ment and trade promotion, the Depart- The United States has a large share basis for innovation in the market- ment of Commerce, ending its pro- of imports in big emerging markets. place. No major research institution is grams in these areas up front. We are doing well, but much of our left unscathed—the Department of The effort to get our creative ideas to edge is due to our large share in Latin Commerce trade and technology pro- market, to feed our economy, has had a America. Vigorous efforts are nec- grams, the National Institutes of bipartisan history. Landmark legisla- essary in other parts of the world, par- Health, the Department of Energy tion by Senator DOLE and then Senator ticularly Asia, where Japan heavily Labs, NASA, and even the premiere Bayh led to a Federal initiative in out-invests the United States. These basic research institution, the National technology transfer from the federal markets combined, make up the larg- Science Foundation. The lack of judg- laboratory bench to industry. I applaud est component of United States ex- ment in cutting these programs is obvi- the forward-looking, innovative think- ports, and these markets are growing ous when one notes that the direct re- ing that was pioneered by our current rapidly. But, with the cuts in the budg- turn on investment to our economy, majority leader. The Advanced Tech- et resolution, we cannot maintain from research and development is 30 nology Program was crafted by con- these efforts. We will forfeit the money percent. This figure does not even take gressional leaders on both sides of the they bring into our country. We will into account indirect social benefits aisle during the Bush administration. lose their impetus to our economy. In- from research and development. These programs are leading us into the stead, we are cutting the most critical Currently, our Federal investment is 21st century, with significant potential programs in the smallest Cabinet budg- research and development is 1.1 percent for enormous returns on investment. et, in the name of decreasing the def- of GDP, split almost evenly between For example, the Manufacturing Ex- icit. It just does not make sense to cut defense and civilian R&D. If we remove tension Program, out of the Depart- these revenue producing functions. the defense component and add on the ment of Commerce, was designed to Cutting these trade functions, and the investment by the private sector, we help some 370,000 small- and medium- Department of Commerce, will ulti- find that our investment, as a nation, sized manufacturers, raise their per- mately increase the deficit, not de- in civilian R&D is 2.1 percent of GDP. formance to world standards. This pro- crease it. I often lament the near- We can compare the R&D investment gram has returned $8 to the economy sightedness of a corporate America trends in the United States with those for every dollar the Federal Govern- forced to focus on the next quarter’s

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00049 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7330 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 24, 1995 profits. I hate to see my Senate col- Anton of the Washington staff for further in- company in their State such as Preci- leagues succumb to a similar narrow formation or support at 202–785–0017. sion Samplers, that want to see the De- focus. Sincerely, partment of Commerce eliminated. As JOEL B. SNYDER, P.E., a result of our trade mission, and with In conclusion, I support this amend- Vice President, Professional Activities the help of the Department of Com- ment in order to assure that when we and Chair, U.S. Activities Board. merce, Precision Samplers has already cut government spending, which I I thank the Chair, and I yield the signed contracts worth half a million strongly support, we cut wisely, and we floor. dollars. And the list doesn’t end there, do not cut government investments Mr. ROCKEFELLER. Mr. President, I West Virginia companies such as the that build our economy. We must rise to, in the strongest terms, support Dean Co., and FCX Systems and Preci- maintain our investments in research, this amendment which I am pleased to sion Coil have all signed lucrative con- technology and trade promotion to en- cosponsor. I congratulate the Senator tracts since our trade mission, and a sure our future economic strength and from New Mexico, Mr. BINGAMAN, for big thanks goes to the experts at the international competitiveness. This his continued leadership on behalf of Department of Commerce who helped amendment stands for exactly that the Nation’s economic needs and poten- make these deals happen. Small com- point. tial, and join Senator LIEBERMAN in panies such as these owe a great deal helping to make this case to our col- Mr. President, I ask unanimous con- to Department of Commerce export leagues. sent to print in the RECORD a letter to promotion programs, and I doubt they The proposal to eliminate the U.S. Senator BINGAMAN from the Institute would want to see that support net- Department of Commerce is incredibly of Electrical and Electronics Engi- work eliminated. short-sighted and will be extremely neers. I also want to make a special note of harmful to the competitive position of the role played by the Bureau of Ex- There being no objection, the letter the United States. The Commerce De- port Administration [BXA]. BXA eval- was ordered to be printed in the partment’s responsibility for trade en- uates national security interests when RECORD, as follows: forcement, export promotion, manufac- American companies seek applications INSTITUTE OF ELECTRICAL AND turing, and technology is a focused for the export of dual use goods and ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS, INC., mission for American jobs and growth, technology; those are products that Washington, DC, May 24, 1995. and quite simply, its elimination is could have military applications. Hon. JEFF BINGAMAN, tantamount to economic surrender. There are a lot of things that need to U.S. Senate, Senate Hart Building, Washington, To begin with, the Commerce Depart- be considered in these applications, but DC. ment acts as the cop on the beat, en- as a Commerce entity, BXA has long- DEAR SENATOR BINGAMAN: As a representa- forcing U.S. trade laws against inter- standing close relations with exporters tive of the Institute of Electrical and Elec- nationally recognized unfair trading and the business community that other tronics Engineers, Inc., an organization that practices. Domestic industry is a huge agencies simply don’t have. However, promotes the career and policy interests of fan of the Department’s Import Admin- BXA has to work with all those other 240,000 U.S. electrical engineers (IEEE–USA), istration, and a move to eliminate it, I am compelled to alert you to our unwaver- agencies in making its evaluations. Ex- ing support for the U.S. research and devel- or roll it into another agency with a port licensing has foreign policy impli- opment base. We have become increasingly very different mandate, is only going cations, so involves the State Depart- alarmed at the pace and scope of the rescis- to be red meat for our competitors. I ment; it has national security implica- sions and proposed funding reductions and know this from painful experience. tions, so works with DOD; it has to eliminations of R&D programs that we see as Those of us who represent industries clear the sale of nuclear equipment vital to U.S. industry, the economy and our such as steel have seen what unfair that DOE is expert in, or other things global competitiveness. Estimates of a 30– trade, dumping and subsidized imports, that the Arms Control and Disar- 40% reduction over the next 5 years in Fed- can mean to local economies and our mament Agency has a role to play. And eral support for research and technology de- Nation’s overall economy. The Import BXA coordinates all this while always velopment will have a lingering and delete- rious effect on our economy. Administration does yeomen’s work looking out for the needs of American enforcing our domestic trade laws— businesses. In the budget resolution recently passed by which look out for American busi- We need to maintain an umbrella or- the House and in the pending Senate coun- nesses and American jobs—and to move ganization that looks out for America’s terpart, drastic reductions to R&D programs across the board are assumed. No one will it somewhere else is not only thought- business interests at home and across argue against the merits of deficit reduction. less, it is dangerous. the globe. Creating a Department of A widening national debt has a very draining Mr. President, I will not sit by while Trade would be better than breaking effect on our economy and our ability to in- the one agency that is looking out for up all the trade functions of the De- vest wisely for the future. But in our zeal to American business, at home and partment of Commerce and moving find ways to cut government spending, pro- abroad, is dismantled for political gain. them all over the Government, to Jus- grams which are designed to boost our econ- The Department of Commerce’s trade tice, DOD, Treasury, the ITC, USTR, omy and, in turn revenues, are being sac- promotion arm is the matchmaker for wherever. But why reinvent the wheel? rificed. This short sightedness needs to be thousands of businesses promoting The Department of Commerce works. short lived before irrevocable harm is done to the U.S. R&D base and jobs are lost. products made in the United States— This idea of making a Department of by American workers—in markets all Trade or expanding USTR is merely We at IEEE–USA are very glad to learn of over the world. I speak from experience moving around the deck chairs. And your intention to offer an amendment to S. here. In January, I led a trade mission maybe it is even worse. This particular Con. Res. 13, the Senate Budget Resolution, to express a sense of the Senate that re- of West Virginia businesses to Japan ship is standing tall and sailing true. search, technology and trade promotion are and Taiwan, we called it Project Har- Breaking it down and moving it around vital to the future of the U.S. economy. Re- vest because that is what we were try- is a bad idea. search programs are vulnerable because they ing to do, sow the seeds of relation- I also want to discuss a related set of do not always have the visibility of many ships that would reap tangible benefits proposed cuts—support for new break- other government programs and therefore for small and large West Virginia com- through technologies. It is an astound- are easy targets for budget cutters. Your panies and their workers. In all this we ing proposal, and one that shows how amendment reminds the whole Congress of worked closely with the Department of soon some forget what it takes for the importance of research and technology and hopefully will urge the budget cutters Commerce’s Foreign Commercial Serv- America to win in the new global econ- and appropriators to use extreme caution be- ice, and in less than 6 months, these omy. fore haphazardly cutting or eliminating companies have already secured mil- We should remember the lessons of needed programs. lions of dollars’ worth of contracts. the 1970’s and early 1980’s. During those The IEEE–USA supports your amendment I know what my friends across the years, America led in science and new and commends you for your leadership on aisle are saying about their so-called ideas, only to see American inventions this issue and stands ready to assist you and mandate, but I challenge any one of such as the VCR commercialized first your staff in this effort. Please contact Jim them to tell me that they have one by other countries. Other governments

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00050 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7331 have long used research consortia and lead. But we now combine government The Senator from New Mexico [Mr. DOMEN- other aid to help their firms overcome cutbacks with ever increasing Wall ICI] proposes an amendment numbered 1145. the technical hurdles associated with Street pressures for companies to focus Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I ask critical but risky new ideas. And time their own funds only on the short term, unanimous consent that the reading of after time, we found our competitors then we will most certainly fall behind the amendment be dispensed with. taking our ideas and sending them again. And the American worker and The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without back to us in the form of VCRs and the American dream will be the losers. objection, it is so ordered. other new products. Killing Federal technology programs, The amendment is as follows: Over the past 10 years, both Amer- including those of the Commerce De- On page 4, line 19, strike ‘‘$937,800,000,000’’ ican industry and the U.S. Government partment, will send our companies into and insert ‘‘$973,800,000,000’’. have taken steps to make sure Ameri- economic battle with second-rate sup- On page 5, line 12 strike ‘‘comparison with cans profit more from our new inven- port and one arm tied behind their the maximum deficit amount under section tions and discoveries. Industry and the backs. It is a prescription for economic 601(a)(1) and 606 of the Congressional Budget Act of 1974 and for purposes of’’. venture capital industry have focused retreat and economic stagnation. In On page 6, line 8, strike ‘‘$1,324,400,000,000’’ their attention sharply on getting the the name of some ideology, we risk de- and insert ‘‘$1,342,400,000,000’’. next generation of products out the stroying key foundations of future On page 6, line 10 strike ‘‘comparison with door. Both competitive pressures and prosperity. And future generations will the maximum deficit amount under section Wall Street’s push for short-term re- wonder why the Nation that used in- 601(a)(1) and 606 of the Congressional Budget sults have led our firms to focus their dustry-government R&D cooperation Act of 1974 and for purposes of’’. limited R&D dollars on developing new to create the modern agriculture, air- On page 7, line 10 strike ‘‘comparison with the maximum deficit amount under section products. That is good in the short craft, and biotechnology sectors aban- 601(a)(1) and 606 of the Congressional Budget term, but it also means that even our doned a proven formula and let other Act of 1974 and for purposes of’’. largest firms have been forced to cut nations walk all over us. On page 10, line 3, strike ‘‘$347,700,000,000’’ longer-term research that is essential Which brings me back to the amend- and insert ‘‘$374,700,000,000’’. for the future but which will not pay ment and the Department of Com- On page 11, line 2, strike ‘‘2000’’ and insert off for 10 years. merce. This amendment is quite sim- ‘‘2002’’. In the real world, as opposed to some ple, it states that ‘‘the public welfare, On page 40, line 3, strike ‘‘$1,000,000,000’’ theoretical world, American compa- and insert ‘‘$100,000,000’’. economy, and national security of the On page 40, line 10, strike ‘‘$1,000,000,000’’ nies—both large and small—increas- United States have benefitted enor- and insert ‘‘$100,000,000’’. ingly have turned to cost-shared mously from the investment the Fed- On page 40, line 17, strike $1,000,000,000’’ projects with the Government and each eral Government has made over the and insert ‘‘$100,000,000’’. other to develop these risky but vital past fifty years in research, tech- On page 40, line 24, strike $1,000,000,000’’ longer-term technologies. These are nology, and trade promotion and trade and insert ‘‘$100,000,000’’. the breakthrough technologies that law enforcement,’’ and that these On page 41, line 6, strike $1,000,000,000’’ and will create new industries and jobs in insert ‘‘$100,000,000’’. should remain a national priority for On page 41, line 13, strike $1,000,000,000’’ the future—technologies such as next- the 21st century. and insert ‘‘$100,000,000’’. generation electronics, low-cost com- Again, Mr. President, the elimination On page 41, line 20, strike $1,000,000,000’’ posite materials for bridges and other of an agency of Government so vital to and insert ‘‘$100,000,000’’. structures, low-cost but highly reliable our Nation’s interests is tantamount to On page 64, line 14, strike ‘‘Foreign Rela- processes for making biotechnology economic surrender. I think our inter- tions’’ and insert ‘‘Rules and Administra- products, and advanced techniques for national competitors will see it as just tion’’. computer-aided manufacturing. Cost- that. In my view, proposals to elimi- Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I have shared projects in such areas create the nate the Department of Commerce nothing further to say. new seed corn for a new generation of amount to unilateral disarmament, Mr. EXON. It has been agreed to on American industry. and I will fight against those who are both sides. At the Federal level, these cost- determined to raise this white flag. The PRESIDING OFFICER. If there shared technology partnerships with The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who is no further debate, the question is on industry now constitute less than 3 yields time? agreeing to the amendment. percent of the Government’s $72 billion Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I have The amendment (No. 1145) was agreed annual R&D budget. The entire budget no one seeking time on my side. I need to. of the Government’s civilian tech- some time, but does the Senator from Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I nology agency—the Commerce Depart- Nebraska want another 2 or 3 minutes move to reconsider the vote by which ment’s National Institute of Standards of my time, if he needs it? the amendment was agreed to. and Technology, NIST—constitutes lit- Mr. EXON. I will simply advise the Mr. EXON. I move to lay that motion tle more than 1 percent of Federal Senator, possibly could we take care of on the table. R&D. With the cold war over and the the matters that have been agreed to The motion to lay on the table was world economic race in full swing, this now? I have one Senator who asked to agreed to. is hardly overspending. have 31⁄2 minutes. I have the 31⁄2 min- AMENDMENT NO. 1146 And mark my words, other nations utes remaining, but now I do not have (Purpose: To express the sense of the Senate will not drop out of the world economic the Senator. I would like to give the regarding the establishment of a non- race just because Congress has thrown remainder to him. partisan advisory commission on budg- in the towel in the fight to help de- Maybe the Senator from New Mexico eting and accounting) velop and market leading edge tech- has some time to give me for closing Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I ask nologies. Along with Japan and Eu- matters. If not, may we take care of unanimous consent that it be in order rope, we now see major new industry- those matters agreed to? to offer a Bingaman amendment on ac- government technology investments in AMENDMENT NO. 1145 counting. It has been agreed to on both South Korea, Taiwan, and even smaller Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I ask sides. I send it to the desk. states such as Singapore. In the real unanimous consent that it be in order The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without world, these countries are out to clean to send to the desk and the Senate objection, it is so ordered. The clerk our clocks—and they want to use adopt, if they see fit, a technical will report the amendment. America’s own university discoveries amendment which has been agreed to The assistant legislative clerk read and entrepreneurial ideas to do it. on the other side. I send that to the as follows: The United States has just now desk. The Senator from New Mexico [Mr. DOMEN- climbed back to a solid, but fragile, The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without ICI], for Mr. BINGAMAN, proposes an amend- lead in most key technologies. Well- objection, it is so ordered. The clerk ment numbered 1146. run, cost-shared Government programs will report the amendment. Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I ask have played an important role in help- The assistant legislative clerk read unanimous consent that reading of the ing American industry regain that as follows: amendment be dispensed with.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00051 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7332 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 24, 1995 The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without ment of capital expenditures under a uni- Commission members, to be ap- objection, it is so ordered. form Federal accounting system that is con- pointed on a nonpartisan basis, would The amendment is as follows: sistent with generally accepted accounting include public and private experts in principles. On page 86, strike line 11 through line 25 on (B) The Commission should be appointed the fields of finance, economics, ac- page 87 and insert the following: on a nonpartisan basis, and should be com- counting, and related professions. SEC. 305. SENSE OF THE CONGRESS ON A UNI- posed of public and private experts in the By August 1, 1995, the Commission FORM ACCOUNTING SYSTEM IN THE fields of finance, economics, accounting, and would report its recommendations to FEDERAL GOVERNMENT AND NON- other related professions. the President and the Congress. In the PARTISAN COMMISSION ON AC- (C) The Commission should report to the COUNTING AND BUDGETING. report, Commission members would set President and the Congress by August 1, 1995, forth a detailed plan for implementa- (a) FINDING.—The Congress finds the fol- on its recommendations, and should include lowing: in its report a detailed plan for imple- tion of their recommendations. It is (1) Much effort has been devoted to menting such recommendations. my hope that if the Commission in- strengthening Federal internal accounting cludes a recommendation on the use of controls in the past. Although progress has Mr. BINGAMAN. Mr. President, I would like to thank the very distin- a capital budget, its report will specify been made in recent years, there still exists the components of such a budget in the no uniform Federal accounting system for guished floor managers of the budget Federal Government entities and institu- resolution, Senator DOMENICI and Sen- context of a unified, balanced Federal tions. ator EXON, for their willingness to budget. I understand many of my col- (2) As a result, Federal financial manage- work with me on this amendment, leagues currently oppose the use of a ment continues to be seriously deficient, and which would establish a temporary, Federal capital budget. I believe that Federal financial management and fiscal nonpartisan advisory commission on as we take steps to streamline the Fed- practices have failed to identify costs, failed accounting and budgeting. I appreciate eral Government, improve efficiency, to reflect the total liabilities of congres- their support for the amendment, and I and operate Federal systems in a man- sional actions, and failed to accurately re- ner more consistent with the private port the financial condition of the Federal am grateful to their staff, Austin Government. Smythe and Jodi Grant, who have been sector, all options should be reexam- (3) Current Federal accounting practices do extremely helpful and pleasant to work ined and given a fresh analysis. In my not adequately report financial problems of with. view, this is particularly relevant in the Federal Government or the full cost of The amendment I am proposing the context of section 305 of the budget programs and activities. The continued use modifies section 305 of the resolution resolution, which as I stated earlier, of these practices undermines the Govern- currently before the Senate. Section calls for a uniform Federal accounting ment’s ability to provide credible and reli- 305 recognizes that unlike most private system consistent with generally ac- able financial data, contributes to waste and cepted accounting principles. inefficiency, and will not assist in achieving business and state governments, no a balanced budget. uniform Federal accounting system ex- Mr. President, the commission I am (4) Waste and inefficiency in Federal Gov- ists for Federal entities and institu- advocating can serve a very important ernment undermine the confidence of the tions. This lack of uniformity contrib- service to the Nation. The Commission American people in the Government and re- utes to the difficulty of accurately re- will examine, in an objective, non- duces the Federal Government’s ability to porting the financial condition of the partisan forum, the treatment of cap- address adequately vital public needs. Federal Government and achieving a ital expenditures and long-term invest- (5) To rebuild the accountability and credi- balanced Federal budget. ments in the context of a uniform Fed- bility of the Federal Government and restore To help rebuild accountability and eral accounting system. By reporting public confidence in the Federal Govern- credibility in the Federal Government ment, a uniform Federal accounting system, on this work to the President and the that fully meets the accounting standards and advance the trend toward a ‘‘pri- Congress within the time frame speci- and reporting objectives for the Federal Gov- vate sector’’ type financial manage- fied in the amendment, which I cal- ernment, must be immediately established ment policy, section 305 calls for a uni- culate to be before final reconciliation so that all assets and liabilities, revenues form Federal accounting system that is of the fiscal year 1996 Federal budget, and expenditures or expenses, and the full consistent with generally accepted ac- the Commission’s recommendations cost of programs and activities of the Fed- counting principles and proposed Fed- could serve as the basis for resolution eral Government can be consistently and ac- eral accounting standards rec- of some the serious and divisive prob- curately recorded, monitored, and uniformly ommended by the Federal Accounting reported throughout all government entities lems we in the Congress have encoun- for budgeting and control and management Standards Advisory Board. Once in tered, and will continue to encounter, evaluation purposes. place, a uniform accounting system as we work through the budget process. (b) SENSE OF THE SENATE.—It is the sense should enable us to better assess the I look forward to the results of the of the Congress that the assumptions under- full cost of Federal programs and ac- Commission’s work, and again, I thank lying the functional totals in this resolution tivities. Actual costs will be consist- the distinguished floor managers of the include the following assumptions: ently and accurately recorded, mon- resolution for their assistance with (1) UNIFORM FEDERAL ACCOUNTING SYS- itored, and uniformly reported by all this amendment. TEM.—(A) A uniform Federal accounting sys- government entities for budgeting and tem should be established to consistently The PRESIDING OFFICER. The compile financial data across the Federal control and management evaluation. question is on agreeing to the amend- Government, and to make full disclosure of Mr. President, I believe to achieve ment. Federal financial data, including the full the commendable goals set forth in The amendment (No. 1146) was agreed cost of Federal programs and activities, to section 305, we first must address the to. the citizens, the Congress, the President, and issue of the treatment of capital ex- Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I agency management. penditures for Federal accounting and move to reconsider the vote by which (B) Beginning with fiscal year 1997, the budgeting purposes. Private businesses the amendment was agreed to. President should require the heads of agen- throughout the country and many Mr. EXON. I move to lay that motion cies to— States already have in place account- (i) implement and maintain a uniform Fed- on the table. eral accounting system; and ing systems and budgets that deal with The motion to lay on the table was (ii) provide financial statements; in ac- capital expenditures in realistic terms. agreed to. cordance with generally accepted accounting I believe we in the Federal Government Mr. EXON. Mr. President, I yield the principles applied on a consistent basis and can learn from their experiences. remaining 31⁄2 minutes of the time to established in accordance with proposed Fed- I am proposing the establishment of the final Senator to debate the issue, eral accounting standards and interpreta- a temporary advisory commission on as of now at least, my colleague from tions recommended by the Federal Account- accounting and budgeting that would New Jersey. ing Standards Advisory Board and other ap- study and make recommendations on The PRESIDING OFFICER. The plicable law. the appropriate treatment of capital Chair recognizes the distinguished Sen- (2) NONPARTISAN ADVISORY COMMISSION ON ACCOUNTING AND BUDGETING.—(A) A tem- expenditures under a uniform Federal ator from New Jersey. porary advisory commission should be estab- accounting system that is consistent Mr. LAUTENBERG. I thank the lished to make objective and nonpartisan with generally accepted accounting Chair, and I thank my colleague from recommendations for the appropriate treat- principles. Nebraska.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00052 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7333 Mr. President, in the fairly short AMENDMENT NO. 1147 own budget gives the Department of time that I have available—and I am (Purpose: To express the sense of the Senate Veterans Affairs $339 million less for pleased to have the precious time of the United States that the reforms and discretionary medical spending than it taken for these couple of moments—I proposals contained within the Inde- would receive under a hard freeze. would like to describe several amend- pendent Budget for Veterans Affairs, Fis- However, a coalition of veterans’ ments that I have prepared which will cal Year 1996, should be given careful con- groups has put together a plan called sideration in an effort to ensure the Na- be voted on this afternoon. tion’s commitment to its veterans) the Independent Budget for Veterans First, Senator ROCKEFELLER and I Affairs: Fiscal Year 1996. The coalition Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I send will offer an amendment to close the claims that the recommendations set an amendment to the desk and ask for so-called Benedict Arnold billionaires’ forth in the this document will help to its immediate consideration. tax loophole. We would transfer the improve the Department of Veterans The PRESIDING OFFICER. The savings to veterans programs. I call Affairs’ health care system while sav- clerk will report. this the ‘‘from expatriates to patriots’’ The assistant legislative clerk read ing taxpayer dollars. The coalition— amendment. Then I will be offering as follows: Which includes AMVETS, Disabled four amendments that would create ex- American Veterans, Paralyzed Vet- ceptions to the so-called firewall that The Senator from New Mexico [Mr. DOMEN- erans of America, and Veterans of For- ICI], for Mr. DOLE and Mr. SIMPSON, proposes prohibits transfers between the mili- an amendment numbered 1147. eign Wars—submitted its plan to Con- tary and domestic programs. gress and to the Clinton administra- Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I ask The amendment would allow the Sen- tion earlier this year. ate, by a majority vote, as opposed to unanimous consent that reading of the The amendment I offer today simply 60 votes, to transfer funds from the amendment be dispensed with. states that Congress should give this The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without wasteful bureaucratic overhead and proposal careful consideration. It is a objection, it is so ordered. procurement in the military budget for nonpartisan document, crafted by the The amendment is as follows: specific and compelling reasons. The people who know the system best—the purposes would be up to $2 billion to At the appropriate place insert the fol- veterans themselves. Let us consider address the problem of domestic vio- lowing new section: their expertise and rise above partisan SEC. . CONSIDERATION OF THE INDEPENDENT lence; up to $1 billion to strengthen re- BUDGET FOR VETERANS AFFAIRS, accusations as we work to improve the inforcement of immigration laws; up to FISCAL YEAR 1996. efficiency and quality of service to vet- $5 billion to hire police officers for (a) FINDINGS.—Congress finds as follows: erans. community policing and to do prison (1) Whereas over 26,000,000 veterans are eli- Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, this building; and up to $100 million for re- gible for veterans health care; amendment has been cleared on both search on breast cancer. (2) Whereas the Veterans Health Adminis- sides. My final amendment would create a tration of the Department of Veterans Af- I yield back any time I may have on 60-vote point of order against cutting fairs operates the largest Federal medical the amendment. care delivery system in the United States, Medicare or Medicaid to pay for any providing for the medical care needs of our The PRESIDING OFFICER. The tax cuts for the rich. Nation’s veterans; question is on agreeing to the amend- Some of my Republican friends have (3) Whereas the veterans’ service organiza- ment. claimed that that is not their intent, tions have provided a plan, known as the The amendment (No. 1147) was agreed and I say, well, then let us put it in Independent Budget for Veterans Affairs, to to. writing and make it enforceable. Cer- reform the Veterans’ health care delivery Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I tainly, the intent was challenged when system to adapt it to the modern health care move to reconsider the vote. we saw the chart go up at an earlier environment and improve its ability to meet Mr. EXON. I move to lay that motion the health care needs of veterans in a cost- time in this debate when the Senator on the table. effective manner; The motion to lay on the table was from Texas proposed tax cuts amount- (4) Whereas current budget proposals as- ing to over $300 billion. sume a change in the definition of service- agreed to. So, Mr. President, when I look and connected veterans; Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, let me see those who have made their fortunes (5) Whereas proposals contained within the state the way I understand things. in this country and decide to renounce Independent Budget may provide improved When the 31⁄2 minutes that I have are their citizenship so they do not have to service to veterans; used up, all time will have expired on pay a State tax, they do not have to (6) Whereas current budget proposals may the bill. pay capital gains taxes; they move out not have fully considered the measures pro- I will pose a parliamentary inquiry. posed by the veterans’ service organizations When that event occurs and there is no of here, give up their American citizen- in the Independent Budget more time, what would the pending ship, leave this place where their for- (b) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the Sense of tunes were made, where their families Congress: the reforms and proposals con- business be? were raised just to avoid some taxes, to tained within the Independent Budget for The PRESIDING OFFICER. The take something out of these huge for- Veterans Affairs, Fiscal Year 1996 should be pending business is the Boxer amend- tunes that went abroad, I want to give given careful consideration in an effort to ment No. 1134. it to the patriots, those who served ensure the nation’s commitment to its vet- Mr. DOMENICI. I say to the distin- their country, those who need help, erans. guished majority leader, the Boxer those who are turning to the VA for Mr. DOLE. Mr. President, I rise this amendment has been debated. Many hospital care, those who are turning to afternoon to offer a Sense-of-the-Sen- other amendments will be offered that the VA for prostheses, those who are ate amendment regarding the Nations have not been debated. I think I am turning to the VA for counseling. I 26 million veterans. going to yield back my 21⁄2 minutes. I want to take it from the Benedict Over the past few days, some have ar- do not know that anybody wishes to Arnolds and give it to those who served gued that the budget resolution before speak, unless the majority leader does. their country. us is mean-spirited in its treatment of Mr. EXON. May I inquire at this par- With that—I do not see the ranking veterans—that it does not take into ticular time, if we have a little time Member—is there any time left on our consideration the real needs of those left. We have been having various dis- side? who served and sacrificed on behalf of cussions. Has there been an agreement The PRESIDING OFFICER. The time our country. Well, I would like to set reached on how we are likely to handle of the Senator from New Jersey has ex- the record straight on this matter. a whole series of amendments, espe- pired. Before the White House or those on cially those not debated, with regard to The Senator from New Mexico has 7 the other side of the aisle start attack- brief statements from the Senators—30 minutes 52 seconds. ing Republicans on this issue, they had seconds or a minute? Has there been a Mr. DOMENICI. The Democrats have better take a hard look at the Congres- determination on that, I ask my col- how much? sional Budget Office’s reestimate of the league? The PRESIDING OFFICER. The time President’s fiscal year 1996 budget re- Mr. DOLE. Mr. President, we have has expired on the Democratic side. quest. Over 5 years, the President’s discussed it briefly with the Senator

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00053 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7334 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 24, 1995 from New Mexico. I hope there will not would enter into a unanimous-consent on each vote, unless the Senate agrees be many amendments. We have had 50 agreement on this side that the reading later on, which I am sure when we get hours of debate and a lot of votes. of the amendments would not be in 15 or 20 of these votes in, we will agree. There may be one or two on this side. order. We are not going to be dilatory There will be no reading of the Is there a specific number on that side? about this. We think that for every- amendment. We have no agreement on Mr. EXON. Yes. I will tell you now body that wants a vote on their amend- any comments on the amendment. So that we have 31 sure amendments. And, ment—and it has been customary to there will be no comments on the as the Senator knows, other Senators have that in this body—there would be amendment. That is the way it is now. may reserve their rights by appearing no reason to do that. Mr. DOLE. Mr. President, let me say and offering their amendments. But Mr. DOLE. I ask unanimous consent that for the first vote we will add the there will be 31 amendments filed to be that there not be a requirement that customary 5 minutes, so there will be voted on from this side of the aisle. amendments be read. 15 plus 5; after that it will be 15 min- Mr. DOLE. So we are talking about 5, The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there utes, period. No additional 5 minutes. I 6, 7 hours of votes, right, which we will objection? do not need consent for that. do today. We will save final passage Without objection, it is so ordered. AMENDMENT NO. 1134 until tomorrow sometime. Mr. DOLE. So the clerk can state the The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Mr. EXON. Of course, that is up to purpose if we have the purpose. question occurs on agreeing to the the leader. I certainly say that I have Mr. BYRD. If the leader will yield, I amendment No. 1134, offered by the suggested to Senator DASCHLE and to am not sure the clerk can state the Senator from California. the chairman of the Budget Com- purpose in a way that we can under- Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, the mittee—and maybe it has not reached stand what we are voting on. pending amendment is not germane to you—that possibly we can cut down Mr. DOLE. The last time we did this, the provisions of the budget resolution some of those at some time. I hope we I think we had an agreement that the pursuant to section 305(b)(2) of the can work out something to cut down staff would put ‘‘purpose’’ and they Budget Act. I raise a point of order the time that has to be taken for all would read the purpose, such as tax re- against the pending amendment. those votes. lief, economic growth, or whatever. At Mr. EXON. Mr. President, pursuant Mr. DOLE. I am going to ask unani- least you had some idea what you were to section 904 of the Congressional mous consent that after the first vote, voting on. And it would be agreed upon Budget Act of 1974, I move to waive the all votes be 10 minutes in length. by the two managers. act for the consideration of the pending Mr. BYRD. Will the majority leader Mr. DOMENICI. With your permis- amendment. yield? sion, I will talk to the senior Senator Mr. President, I ask for the yeas and Mr. DOLE. Yes. from West Virginia. I was accommo- nays. Mr. BYRD. Would it be possible to dating today in what we did for your The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there a side, I think 10, 12, maybe even 14 of get consent that each vote go for 71⁄2 sufficient second? minutes? I believe that can be done. I your amendments. Does anybody have There is a sufficient second. have seen it done in here. And possibly a number of how many were already The yeas and nays were ordered. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The we can have a minute or half a minute discussed? Senators took the floor and question is on agreeing to the motion. on a side, so as to have some expla- somewhere between 10 and 12 of those have had anywhere from 2 minutes to 6 The yeas and nays have been ordered. nation. By cutting it back to 71⁄2 min- minutes which might not have oc- The clerk will call the roll. utes for the vote, perhaps that will ac- The bill clerk called the roll. commodate both sides’ concerns. curred otherwise. So I think we have given a pretty good opportunity—— The PRESIDING OFFICER. Are there Mr. EXON. I had made a suggestion any other Senators in the Chamber de- along those lines that I think Senator Mr. EXON. I appreciate the accom- modation, and I think there has been siring to vote? BYRD outlined, and maybe even to The yeas and nays resulted—yeas 46, speed things up, we can cut the votes accommodation on both sides. Mr. DOLE. I ask unanimous consent nays 54, as follows: to 5 minutes. [Rollcall Vote No. 187 Leg.] Mr. DOLE. They are concerned about that after the first vote, all other votes be limited to 8 minutes in length. YEAS—46 doing it in 71⁄2 minutes, unless we re- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there Akaka Feinstein Mikulski main in our seats. But I think the bot- objection? Baucus Ford Moseley-Braun tom line is that we are actually going Biden Glenn Moynihan Mr. EXON. Reserving the right to ob- Bingaman Graham to have to vote on 31 amendments on ject. The minority leader is here. Are Murray the other side. If that is the bottom Boxer Harkin Nunn you also going to agree that with an 8- Bradley Heflin line, and people—ordinarily, you would Pell minute vote, there will be an expla- Breaux Hollings Pryor have a right to have your amendment Bryan Inouye Reid nation of some type before each vote, Bumpers Johnston read. If it is a delaying tactic, we can Robb or not? Byrd Kennedy Rockefeller be here a couple more days. The last Conrad Kerrey Mr. DOLE. The clerk can state the Sarbanes time around, I recall that Senator Daschle Kerry purpose, to be agreed upon by the two Simon Mitchell advised the Chair that if we Dodd Kohl managers. Dorgan Lautenberg Snowe insisted on having the amendment Mr. EXON. I would like our leader to Exon Leahy Wellstone read, the ruling of the Chair would be give you his feelings. Feingold Levin appealed. Mr. DOLE. We have had 50 hours. I do NAYS—54 So we then decided that when the not think we need another 50. Abraham Frist Mack clerk called up the amendment, they Mr. DASCHLE. Mr. President, I hope Ashcroft Gorton McCain would state the purpose, period, and that we could have just a short descrip- Bennett Gramm McConnell that is it—you know, economic growth, tion of what the amendment is prior to Bond Grams Murkowski tax relief, or whatever. That was all Brown Grassley Nickles the time we are called upon to vote. In Burns Gregg Packwood the explanation there was. If we start some cases, Senators in good faith have Campbell Hatch Pressler giving everybody 30 seconds, or 1, 2, 3 been waiting for an opportunity to Chafee Hatfield Roth minutes, we are looking at another 2 or offer their amendments and have been Coats Helms Santorum Cochran Hutchison Shelby 3 hours, and we will never finish action precluded from doing so. Cohen Inhofe Simpson on this budget resolution. We will be in If we can accommodate each author Coverdell Jeffords Smith recess this afternoon for at least 40 of an amendment with a very short Craig Kassebaum Specter minutes, from 4:20 until 5 p.m. I will D’Amato Kempthorne Stevens two-sentence explanation, I think it DeWine Kyl Thomas suggest the absence of a quorum brief- would be in the interest of everybody Dole Lieberman Thompson ly—— so that we do not make mistakes on Domenici Lott Thurmond Mr. EXON. Mr. President, before what these votes may be. Faircloth Lugar Warner that, I will make one statement that I Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, where The PRESIDING OFFICER. On this think may be helpful. Certainly, we we are now is there will be 15 minutes vote, the yeas are 46, and the nays are

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00054 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7335 54. Three-fifths of the Senators duly yield; that is, that assumes that the he lose the opportunity to call up the chosen and sworn not having voted in sponsor of the amendment is going to amendment. the affirmative, the motion is rejected. be on the floor right at the time the Mr. DOLE addressed the Chair. The point of order is sustained, and amendment is to be called up. In many The PRESIDING OFFICER. The ma- the motion falls. cases, we will not be able to guarantee jority leader. Mr. DOLE addressed the Chair. that. So if we are assured that the Mr. DOLE. I think it is fair to say we The PRESIDING OFFICER. The ma- manager has the description, we will are trying to find some middle ground. jority leader. know there will be an explanation. We do not have to do anything. We do ORDER OF PROCEDURE I hope we can accommodate this not have to let anybody explain them; Mr. DOLE. Mr. President, I have had process. I think all Senators will have just say nothing. We already have con- a discussion with the distinguished the opportunity to have this amend- sent that the amendment cannot be Democratic leader and the managers of ment at least explained prior to the read. So you will not have any debate. the bill. I now ask unanimous consent time we have our vote. We are trying to accommodate every- that votes be limited from here on to 9 Mr. SARBANES. Reserving the right body by going to the managers. If you minutes, and that the manager have 1 to object, Mr. President. have a 1-minute statement, let the minute to explain the purpose of any The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- manager read it. We are just trying to amendment that has not been debated. ator from Maryland. accommodate everybody at the same Mr. DASCHLE addressed the Chair. Mr. SARBANES. Mr. President, I time to hopefully save some time. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The mi- would like to put a question to the two If Senator EXON, for example, had a nority leader. leaders. Some of the amendments have statement that Senator DOMENICI dis- Mr. DASCHLE. This is a very work- been debated. Will they be called up agreed with, then we have to under- able agreement, Mr. President. The first, the ones on which there has been stand the other manager, or whoever, only way it can work, however, is that debate? would have the same rights. we anticipate the order in which these Mr. DOMENICI. The order is going to Mr. EXON. Mr. President, reserving amendments can be brought for a vote. be worked out between Senators who the right to object. We have that order. have amendments and staff, Senator The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- So I encourage all the sponsors of EXON’s staff and Senator DOMENICI’s. ator from Nebraska. these amendments to give the man- We are starting to put that in some Mr. EXON. I shall not object. It agers their descriptions so that these kind of sequence right now. seems that we cannot agree on any- descriptions can be read and put in the Was that the question? thing around here. Let me set the order in which the amendments will be Mr. SARBANES. The question was stage. We are making a change here brought up. there are some amendments that have under unanimous consent, or attempt- But the managers will have 1 minute been debated, and some amendments ing to, to change the rules. Now, for to describe the amendment, and that that have not been debated. The ones good reason, we set a 50-hour limit for description can be anything the spon- that have not been debated, I take it debate on the budget resolution and sors may suggest they want it to be. the managers will make a statement you cannot filibuster. But I think it will work out well. And about them. I was wondering whether it will allow us to cut back substan- the ones that have been debated by the Now, we have been here through a tially the degree of time. sponsors of them could be called up. very difficult process, as we always do I urge everyone’s cooperation. Mr. DOLE. No; we have already had go through. I would simply say that I Mr. DOLE. Mr. President, I want to debate. happen to feel in this particular case make it clear we are talking only Mr. SARBANES. Not for debate. We the majority has come a long way to about those amendments that will not have had debate on some amendments. make some changes which benefit us. be debated. Those already debated we I have an amendment that we had a de- The fact is we have far more amend- will not take another minute on. They bate on. I was here to sort of send it to ments that can be offered under the have had plenty of time. This will the desk and get a vote on it. We have rules and it turns out there is not time apply to amendments that have not had debate on that amendment which to have debate. been debated because of the time con- just recently occurred. Now, certainly I feel we should recog- straints, and they will be explained Mr. DOLE. What would be your re- nize that we have gone through a lot of briefly by the manager on either side. quest? effort, give and take, trying to work Mr. DASCHLE. That is our under- Mr. SARBANES. That that amend- out something that is reasonable. It standing. ment be up near the top, the front of has been agreed to by the minority The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there the list, since we have had the debate leader. It has been agreed to by the ma- objection? recently. jority leader. Mr. HARKIN. Reserving the right to Mr. DOLE. I agree with that. I would simply say that any Demo- object, I understand that what is being Mr. BAUCUS addressed the Chair. cratic Senator who has an amendment, propounded is that we have 9 minutes The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there if he wants to write out what he wants to vote, and we have 1 minute to ex- objection? The Senator from Montana. to say on his amendment, he can give plain it by the manager. If you are Mr. BAUCUS. Mr. President, reserv- it to me, and I can read it just as well going to take 1 minute, why not let the ing the right to object, might I renew as he or she can without going through proponent of the amendment take 1 the request of Senator HARKIN from the folderol that we are going to find minute? You are going to take a Iowa? It seems to me that the man- ourselves in, as we always do, to start minute anyway. agers know the amendments best. They recognizing people back and forth— Mr. DOLE. We are just trying to cut can still be confined to the same length where are they? Are they not here? down the time. If we have to stop and of time, the proponents of the amend- It would seem to me that we have a recognize everybody up and down—it ment, the same time as the managers. reasonable process which people can seems to me you can tell the manager It would be my suggestion that the pick to pieces but can we agree after a what it says, and they can read it. We amendment is called up, and if the au- lot of effort to come to an under- will have the vote. We are trying to ac- thor of the amendment is not here, he standing that I think should be accept- commodate Senators, particularly on loses the right to offer the amendment. able to our side? that side, because you have all the I just think a better explanation The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without amendments, I understand. If you will would be given of what the amend- objection, the unanimous-consent re- just give the manager a one-sentence ments are if the proponents of the quest is agreed to. Who seeks recogni- or two-sentence statement, we are just amendment describe them during the 1 tion? trying to save time. We thought it minute, then the other side offers their Mr. MCCONNELL addressed the might save time. description during that same period. Chair. Mr. DASCHLE. There is another And if the author of the amendment is The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- practical concern, if the Senator will not here when it is called up, I suggest ator from Kentucky.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00055 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7336 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 24, 1995 AMENDMENT NO. 1148 passion and concern for those who will fluctuations but are the result of years (Purpose: Continue funding for economic necessarily be impacted by this resolu- of unremitting underdevelopment, iso- development in Appalachian region) tion. lation, and out-migration. Mr. MCCONNELL. I send an amend- But of course, on an issue as complex That is the bad news. The good news ment to the desk and ask for its imme- and multifaceted as the Federal budg- is that ARC has worked hand in hand diate consideration. et, there are bound to be honest dif- with each of the 13 States in its juris- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The ferences of opinion. And it is in that diction to develop flexible and effective clerk will report the amendment by spirit that I am offering my amend- programs, tailored to the specific needs number. ment to save the Appalachian Regional of each community or region. The assistant legislative clerk read Commission from the budget ax. And there is more good news. ARC is as follows: Let me also point out, however, that unusually lean, as Federal agencies go, The Senator from Kentucky [Mr. MCCON- this amendment hardly preserves the with respect to administrative and per- NELL], for himself, Mr. WARNER, Mr. ROCKE- status quo. I do not think anyone from sonnel expenses. Total overhead ac- FELLER, Mr. HEFLIN, and Mr. COCHRAN, pro- this side of the aisle would contend counts for less than 4 percent of all ex- poses an amendment numbered 1148: that business as usual is going to penditures. That is largely achieved On page 29, line 10, increase the amount by achieve a balanced budget by the year through cooperation with the States. $100,000,000. 2002. State Governors contribute 50 per- On page 29, line 18, increase the amount by $200,000,000. Every Federal program and agency is cent of the administrative costs as well On page 30, line 2, increase the amount by going to have to adapt, and cut costs, as the full cost of their own regional $200,000,000. and become more efficient in response ARC offices. On page 30, line 3, increase the amount by to the country’s fiscal pressures. Every In fact, Mr. President, I would urge $100,000,000. program and agency will need to do my colleagues to look to the ARC as a On page 30, line 10, increase the amount by more with less, or face total extinc- model of efficiency, cost sharing, and $200,000,000. tion. State cooperation for other Federal On page 30, line 11, increase the amount by $100,000,000. That is what my amendment envi- programs. On page 30, line 18, increase the amount by sions: An Appalachian Regional Com- Some people have said that ARC rep- $100,000,000. mission of the future that continues to resents a special windfall for a single On page 30, line 19, increase the amount by provide excellent services and pro- area of the country. That is simply not $100,000,000. grams in distressed areas, but with a true. The stark reality is that Appa- On page 31, line 2, increase the amount by more targeted approach and, frankly, lachia receives 14 percent less per cap- $100,000,000. ital spending from the Federal Govern- On page 31, line 3, increase the amount by with less funding. $100,000,000. I should add that the people in my ment than the rest of the country, and On page 20, line 7, decrease the amount by State, and many who work for ARC, that includes the amount it receives $100,000,000. are more than willing to make the through ARC. If anything, Appalachia On page 20, line 15, decrease the amount by changes necessary to preserve the is an underserved area. $200,000,000. agency as a vital and active force in The ARC’s mission has been to pro- On page 20, line 23, decrease the amount by the region. But all of them also believe, vide the assistance needed to make Ap- $200,000,000. palachian areas economically self-sus- On page 20, line 24, decrease the amount by as I do, that the mission of the ARC $100,000,000. has not yet been completed; and we taining, rather than to simply hand out On page 21, line 7, decrease the amount by need to continue to support its positive government largess. $200,000,000. efforts. This is an important distinction. On page 21, line 8, decrease the amount by Although ARC has made a dramatic The ARC is not a traditional poverty $100,000,000. impact in improving the economic op- program but an economic development On page 21, line 15, decrease the amount by portunities and quality of life for peo- program, with a lot of work still ahead $100,000,000. ple living in Appalachia, there con- of it. If we were to ax the ARC out- On page 21, line 16, decrease the amount by $100,000,000. tinues to be a real need for assistance right, the fact is that much of the in- On page 21, line 23, decrease the amount by in this region. Poverty, out-migration, vestment we have made up to now $100,000,000. and high levels of unemployment are would have been for naught. On page 21, line 24, decrease the amount by especially prevalent in central Appa- It would be like laying the founda- $100,000,000. lachia, which includes some of the tion of a building, putting in the beams Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I poorest counties in the Nation. and supports, and then deciding to stop rise today to offer an amendment that In all, the ARC serves parts of 13 before putting on the roof and the will continue a program that is very States, totaling 399 counties from New walls. Unless the work is seen to com- important, not only to Kentucky, but York to Mississippi. This is a region pletion, much of what has been done to also to a great number of other States. that lags behind the Nation in most, if this point will have been in vain. Unlike a lot of other Government not all, major economic measures. It At the same time, because of the tre- programs, this one is targeted to assist experiences chronically higher unem- mendous fiscal pressures we are facing, those who are in greatest need; and it ployment levels, substantially lower my amendment would not restore fund- has had a tremendous, positive impact income levels, and perniciously high ing for ARC to its current level. In- over the years. poverty rates. In eastern Kentucky, for stead, it puts the ARC on a glidepath of Unlike a lot of other Government example, the poverty rate stood at 29 reduced spending through the year programs, this one spends most of its percent in 1990—16 percent higher than 2002. The partially restored funding is funds making a difference in people’s the national average. entirely offset and will fully comply lives—rather than wasting taxpayer Of the 399 counties served by ARC, with guidelines established by the dollars on administrative expenses. 115 of these counties are considered se- Budget Committee to reach a balanced The program I am speaking of is the verely distressed. budget by the year 2002. Appalachian Regional Commission, This means that these counties suffer The way we achieve these goals is commonly known as ARC. from unemployment levels and poverty quite simple. First, we start with a 35- Before I discuss the substance of my rates that are 150 percent of the na- percent reduction from the current amendment, I would like to commend tional average and receive per capita funding level for ARC. There is no the authors of this budget resolution, incomes that are only two-thirds of the question that this is a considerable especially the chairman of the Budget national average. cut, and it will have an impact on the Committee, Senator DOMENICI, for The ARC was designed to address the ARC’s ability to fully serve its target making literally thousands of tough unique problems of this region which areas. But I think it underscores how but intelligent choices with regard to has been afflicted by over a century of serious we are about preserving this this Nation’s spending priorities. exploitation, neglect, geographic bar- agency. They have done a superb job, and riers, and economic distress. These are From the 35-percent-reduction level they have done it with care and com- not problems born of cyclical economic in 1996, my amendment will continue

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00056 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7337 to lower funding levels each year So what you have here is a smaller redesign the focus and size of the agen- through 2002. Overall, if we use as a industry—smaller by half—being regu- cy. It is my view that ARC should baseline a hard freeze at 1995 funding lated by 50 percent more bureaucrats. eliminate those functions that are be- levels for ARC, my amendment would That is the kind of anomaly that our yond the central mission of economic achieve a 47-percent reduction in constituents want us to change. development. Voters believe that 52 cents on every spending. This amounts to $925 million We also need to critically assess tax dollar is waste by the Federal Gov- in savings over 7 years. which areas that are currently under Mr. President, I would ask that a ernment. If there is any program that the jurisdiction of ARC no longer need table reflecting the savings proposed suggests this might be true, it is the its support, due to the success of ARC’s by my amendment appear in the regulation account at OSM which programs. RECORD at the conclusion of my re- serves a smaller and smaller industry, marks. and whose activities are being dupli- There are a number of counties that The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without cated by more and more States. have achieved the goal of economic objection, it is so ordered. Further, I am told that OSM has ac- self-sufficiency and therefore have out- (See exhibit 1.) tually become a burden on State regu- grown the need for ARC funding. Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, no- latory agencies, making excessive re- My amendment would enable the body can charge that this amendment quests for data collection and studies ARC to focus its resources on those is an attempt to preserve the status that divert valuable resources from counties that struggle with the most quo. Instead, it is an effort to preserve their own regulatory activities. severe economic hardships. an essential Federal program by mak- The proposed reduction in OSM’s ing some very tough but necessary title V program should come out of the Let me conclude. If my colleagues be- choices. agency’s inspection and regulatory ac- lieve that eliminating ARC will save In order to provide the necessary tivities which duplicate State pro- money, they are sadly mistaken. The budget offset, I have proposed a reason- grams. Adequate funding for State reg- poverty and economic distress of cen- able reduction in the regulation and ulatory grants should be maintained, tral Appalachia will only deepen, im- technology account of the Office of and my amendment is in no way in- posing higher costs on other Federal Surface Mining. The regulatory arm of tended to affect such grants. programs. On the other hand, if we OSM has served its statutory purposes Mr. President, in these tight budg- keep ARC alive, and help this region to well over the years, but the fact is that etary times, a 28-percent reduction in help itself, we will be saving a lot more much of its current activities are now the OSM regulatory budget is entirely money in the long run. being handled effectively at the State reasonable. This cut will actually force Of course, all programs must make level. OSM to streamline operations and every effort to revaluate their mission In fact, primary responsibility for eliminate many duplicative services and eliminate those functions that are regulation in this area has been passed that are a burden to State regulatory no longer needed. I have proposed on to 23 of the 26 coal-producing agencies. eliminating certain authorities of the States. I would suggest that the remaining ARC that are no longer needed, and re- Further, the size of the industry cuts be from other Federal programs forming the eligibility criteria to take being regulated by OSM has shrunk that duplicate State regulatory or certain economically stabilized coun- dramatically over the last decade and a oversight functions within function ties off the rolls. These reforms are as- half. While the number of active coal 300. If we intend to streamline the Fed- sumed in the lower spending levels con- mines has dropped from over 6,000 in eral Government, we can start with tained in my amendment. 1979 to barely 3,000 in 1993, OSM staff Federal activities that overlap with has increased by more than 50 percent. State agencies and programs. Overall, In sum, this is a creative and com- Even since 1983, when the last of the 23 my amendment would cut three- monsense way to save one of the few States assumed primary regulatory au- fourths of 1 percent from this function. Federal programs that has actually thority, OSM staff grew by a quarter. This small cut will provide substantial worked: the ARC. Just as important, About half of the OSM budget for benefit to severely distressed regions of my proposal is consistent with the goal regulation and technology funds activi- Appalachia. of balancing the budget which all of us ties that duplicate existing state re- In drafting this amendment, I have want to achieve. I urge my colleagues sources. consulted with officials at ARC to help to support the amendment. McCONNELL AMENDMENT—HARDLY KEEPING THE STATUS QUO [In billions of dollars]

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Total

McConnell Amendment: 1 Annual budget authority ...... 183 .177 .173 .166 .150 .100 .100 1.049 Freeze at 1995 levels: Annual budget authority ...... 282 .282 .282 .282 .282 .282 .282 1.974 Current funding adjusted for inflation: Annual budget authority ...... 291 .301 .312 .323 .334 ...... 1.561 1 The McConnell amendment saves more than $900 million over a 7 year freeze at 1995 ARC funding levels. The McConnell amendment saves more than $500 million over 5 year—inflation adjusted—ARC funding levels.

Mr. FORD. Mr. President, I would FEC may only require repayment of tial services provided by the Appa- like to clarify the RECORD. I believe the disallowed campaign expenses to the lachian Regional Commission are con- distinguished junior Senator from Ken- extent Federal funds were used. tinued for some of this Nation’s most tucky may have misspoke earlier with In this instance, the FEC determined destitute areas. regard to the need for this amendment that of the $37,500 in disallowed cam- At a time when we are correctly ter- to address payments made by the Fed- paign expenses, $9,675 were paid with minating or scaling back outdated Fed- eral Election Commission [FEC] from Federal matching funds. Consequently, eral programs, I believe the Appa- the Presidential Election Campaign the campaign repaid the Presidential lachian Regional Commission is the Fund for settlement of alleged sexual Election Campaign Fund that amount. type of Federal initiative we should be harassment claims. Therefore, no taxpayer funds were encouraging. It is important to recog- The entire $37,500 payment referred used to pay this settlement. nize that the ARC uses its limited Fed- to by the Senator was disallowed by But I agree that taxpayer funds eral dollars to leverage additional the FEC as a qualified campaign ex- should not be used for this purpose and State and local funds. This successful pense and the FEC required repayment I support the amendment. partnership enables communities in of all Federal matching funds used to Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, I rise Virginia to have tailored programs pay this expense. As my colleague today in support of the McConnell which help them respond to a variety knows, the courts have held that the amendment to ensure that the essen- of grassroots needs.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00057 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7338 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 24, 1995 In the Commonwealth of Virginia, 21 ing, subdivision, and other land use or- partnership with West Virginia and the counties rely heavily on the assistance dinances. In addition, funds are used to Appalachian region to finish the foun- they receive from the Appalachian Re- prepare labor force studies or mar- dation we need for more growth, more gional Commission. Income levels for keting plans in guiding industrial de- jobs, and more hope for our people. this region of Virginia further indicate velopment sites. To that end, I accept the idea that Mr. President, the mission of the Ap- that, on average, my constituents who the Office of Surface Mining should re- palachian Regional Commission is as reside in this region have incomes duce its bureaucracy and excessive reg- relevant today as it was when the pro- which are $6,000 below the average per ulatory activity in order to finish gram was created. This rural region of capita income for the rest of the Na- ARC’s work for families and businesses the Nation remains beset with many tion. in Appalachia. This amendment will In 1960, when the ARC was created, geographic obstacles that have kept it isolated from industrial expansion. It not add to the deficit or prevent us the poverty rate in Virginia’s Appa- from reaching a balanced budget in lachian region was 24.4. In 1990, the is a region that has been attempting to diversify its economy from its depend- 2002—it will simply redirect funding poverty rate statistics of 17.6 show im- from certain activities at OSM so that provement which can be attributed to ency on one industry—coal mining—to other stable employment opportuni- the ARC can continue its mission for the effectiveness of the ARC. However, the people of Appalachia. we are still a long way from achieving ties. It is a program that provides es- the U.S. average poverty level of 13.1 sential services and stimulates the con- This amendment accepts a fair share and also the regional poverty level of tributions of state and local funds. of responsibility for deficit reduction. I thank Senator MCCONNELL for his other ARC-member States of 15.2. But instead of saying wipe out the With these statistics in mind, I would leadership on this issue and I urge the ARC, it charts a course of gradual re- like to offer some specific points one amendment’s adoption. ductions, starting with a 35 percent cut should keep in mind regarding the ef- AMENDMENT NO. 1148 in ARC funding for 1996, with continued fectiveness of ARC programs, its rela- Mr. ROCKEFELLER. Mr. President, I reductions through 2002. Overall, it tionship with the Commonwealth of rise in strong support of this amend- would be a 47 percent cut in ARC fund- Virginia, and the direct impact that ment to preserve funding for the Appa- ing if the commission were frozen at its this relationship has on the private lachian Regional Commission, and I 1995 level. This is going to require sector. thank the Senator from Kentucky for changes and further streamlining at In recent years, a significant portion offering it. Without his amendment, the ARC, which should be tough but do- of ARC funds have been dedicated to the budget proposal before us includes able. Under the McConnell amendment, local economic development efforts. a plan to wipe out a very small and val- ARC is still contributing its fair share Were it not for this assistance, the uable agency over the next 5 years. to deficit reduction. Without it, one re- LENOWISCO Planning District and This amendment is the Senate’s chance gion of the country is asked to suffer Wise County would not have been able to reject the idea of eliminating the more than is fair and to a point that to complete construction of the water tools dedicated to the economic devel- will hurt the region. opment and future of 13 Appalachian and sewage lines to provide utility As a former Governor, and now as a States, including West Virginia. services to the Wise County Industrial U.S. Senator from West Virginia, I Senators listening to this debate may Park at Blackwood. These lines were think this is an amendment that only know—vividly—the value of the ARC financed by a $500,000 grant from the deserves the votes of those of us rep- and how it improves the lives of many ARC and a $600,000 grant from the U.S. resenting those States. I hope our case hard-working citizens. Whether the Economic Development Administra- will be heard so that won’t be the con- funding is used for new water and tion. The construction of these utili- clusion of our colleagues. The people of sewer systems, physician recruitment, ties to serve a new industrial park has every State have a stake in the eco- adult literacy programs or the Appa- attracted a major wood products manu- nomic strength of the rest of the coun- lachian corridor highways, it has made facturing facility which has created 175 try. When floods ravage the Mid-West the difference in West Virginia, Ken- new jobs for the community. or the Gulf States; when a major de- tucky, and the other Appalachian The Fifth Planning District serving fense installation or space center is lo- States. the Alleghany Highlands of Virginia is cated in a State like Texas or Ala- The highways are the most visible a prominent example of leveraging bama; when payments are made to and best known investments made by other State and local funds and stimu- farmers for crop losses; when billions the ARC for the people of Appalachia. lating economic development with par- are spent to shore up S&L institutions As of today, over two-thirds of the ARC tial funding from the ARC. For fiscal in certain States; when special aid is highway system has been completed. year 1995, with $350,000 from the ARC, given to cities or to California after its But if the ARC is simply abolished, the the Alleghany Regional Commerce riots or earthquakes; when research job will not be completed. What a Center in Clifton Forge, VA was estab- labs get special funds in New Mexico or waste of money to pull out before a lished. This new industrial center al- Massachusetts—when any of this sup- road system is finished. ready has a commitment from two in- port and assistance is extended, it is dustries, providing new employment At this very moment, some of these the country’s way of investing in each highways are called highways halfway opportunities for over 220 persons. region and in the futures of Americans The ARC funds for this project have to nowhere, because they are just everywhere. that—half built, and only halfway to generated an additional $500,000 in The Appalachian Regional Commis- State funds, $450,000 from the Virginia their destination. The job has to be sion is the Nation’s effort to help a completed, so these highways become Department of Transportation, $145,000 part of this country overcome tremen- from Alleghany County, and $168,173 highways the whole way to somewhere. dous barriers. In many parts of the re- And that somewhere is called jobs and from the Alleghany Highlands Eco- gion, major progress has been achieved. prosperity that will benefit the rest of nomic Development Authority. As a re- But the ARC’s job is not finished, and the country, too. sult of a limited Federal commitment, the agency should not be abolished there is almost a 4 to 1 ratio of non- until it is. Appalachia simply wants to be con- Federal dollars compared to Federal Like so much else in this budget de- nected to our national grid of high- funds. bate, this amendment is about prior- ways. Parts of the region weren’t lucky In many cases, these funds have been ities. For me, this represents a choice enough to come out as flat land, so the the sole source of funding for local between two programs that affect the job takes longer and costs more. But it planning efforts for appropriate com- people of West Virginia. It calls for a is essential in giving the people and munity development. For example, little less support for the Office of Sur- families in this part of the United such funds have been used to prepare face Mining, in order to put more into States of America a shot—a chance to and update comprehensive plans which the ARC. be rewarded for a work ethic and com- are required by Virginia State law to The key message in this amendment mitment with real economic oppor- be updated every 5 years in revise zon- is its call for continuing the ARC’s tunity and a decent quality of life.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00058 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7339 I won’t speak for my colleagues from Rockefeller Shelby Stevens On page 4, line 19, increase the amount by Santorum Snowe Thurmond $144,000,000. other Appalachian States, but West Sarbanes Specter Warner Virginia was not exactly the winner in On page 4, line 20, increase the amount by the original Interstate Highway Sys- NAYS—49 $197,000,000. Ashcroft Feingold Mack On page 4, line 21, increase the amount by tem. And Senators here represent $257,000,000. many States that were. As a result, Baucus Gorton McCain Bennett Graham Moynihan On page 4, line 22, increase the amount by areas of my State have suffered, eco- Bingaman Gramm Murkowski $322,000,000. nomically and in human terms. With- Bond Grams Murray On page 4, line 23, increase the amount by out roads, people are shut off from Boxer Grassley Nickles $392,000,000. Bradley Gregg jobs. That’s obvious. But without Packwood On page 4, line 24, increase the amount by Brown Hatfield Pressler $412,000,000. Bumpers Inhofe roads, people also cannot get decent Roth Campbell Jeffords On page 5, line 4, increase the amount by health care. Dropping out of school is Simon Chafee Kassebaum $47,000,000. Simpson easier sometimes than taking a 2-hour Cohen Kempthorne On page 5, line 5, increase the amount by bus ride because the roads are not Conrad Kennedy Smith $144,000,000. there. D’Amato Kerry Thomas On page 5, line 6, increase the amount by Domenici Kohl Thompson $197,000,000. The structure of the ARC makes it Wellstone Dorgan Kyl On page 5, line 7, increase the amount by more efficient and effective than many Faircloth Lautenberg other agencies. The ARC is a working, $257,000,000. So the amendment (No. 1148) was On page 5, line 8, increase the amount by true partnership between Federal, agreed to. $322,000,000. State, and local governments. Mr. FORD. Mr. President, I move to On page 5, line 9, increase the amount by This structure expects responsibility reconsider the vote by which the $392,000,000. from citizens and local leaders, Federal amendment was agreed to. On page 5, line 10, increase the amount by funding is designed to leverage State $412,000,000. Mr. BYRD. I move to lay that motion On page 5, line 17, increase the amount by and local money for any activity. Ac- on the table. cordingly to the ARC, throughout its $47,000,000. The motion to lay on the table was On page 5, line 18, increase the amount by lifetime, it has contributed less than agreed to. $144,000,000. half of the total amount of project AMENDMENT NO. 1149 On page 5, line 19, increase the amount by funds. Administrative costs have ac- (Purpose: To restore the cuts to Federal Re- $197,000,000. counted for less than 4 percent of total tirement Programs by providing that the On page 5, line 20, increase the amount by costs over ARC’s lifetime. Federal Retirement programs will con- $257,000,000. Long before it was fashionable, ARC tinue to calculate retirement benefits from On page 5, line 21, increase the amount by used a from the bottom up approach to the average of an employee’s high 3 years $322,000,000. On page 5, line 22, increase the amount by addressing local needs, rather than a of service. The restoration of these cuts will be paid for by closing tax loopholes re- $392,000,000. top down, one-size-fits-all mandate of On page 5, line 23, increase the amount by the type that has become all too famil- garding billionaires who renounce their citizenship) $412,000,000. iar to citizens dealing with Federal On page 6, line 16, increase the amount by agencies. It works, too. Mr. SARBANES. Mr. President, I $47,000,000. I urge everyone in this body to keep send an amendment to the desk and On page 6, line 17, increase the amount by a promise made to a region that has ask for its immediate consideration. $144,000,000. been short shrifted. Each region is The PRESIDING OFFICER. The On page 6, line 18, increase the amount by $197,000,000. unique. Solutions have to differ, de- clerk will report. The legislative clerk read as follows: On page 6, line 19, increase the amount by pending on our circumstances. When it $257,000,000. comes to Appalachia, a small agency The Senator from Maryland [Mr. SAR- On page 6, line 20, increase the amount by called the Appalachian Regional Com- BANES], for himself, Ms. MIKULSKI, Mr. WAR- $322,000,000. mission should finish its work. Abol- NER, Mr. ROBB and Mr. BINGAMAN, proposes On page 6, line 21, increase the amount by an amendment numbered 1149. ishing it overnight will only create $392,000,000. more problems and more costs that can Mr. SARBANES. Mr. President, I ask On page 6, line 22, increase the amount by unanimous consent that the reading of $412,000,000. be avoided. I urge my colleagues to On page 39, line 24, increase the amount by vote in favor of the McConnell amend- the amendment be dispensed with. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without $47,000,000. ment. objection, it is so ordered. On page 39, line 25, increase the amount by The PRESIDING OFFICER. The $47,000,000. The amendment is as follows: On page 40, line 6, increase the amount by question is on agreeing to the amend- On page 3, line 10, increase the amount by $144,000,000. ment. $47,000,000. On page 40, line 7, increase the amount by Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I On page 3, line 11, increase the amount by $144,000,000. $144,000,000. ask for a rollcall vote. On page 40, line 13, increase the amount by On page 3, line 12, increase the amount by The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there a $197,000,000. sufficient second? $197,000,000. On page 3, line 13, increase the amount by On page 40, line 14, increase the amount by There is a sufficient second. $257,000,000. $197,000,000. The yeas and nays were ordered. On page 3, line 14, increase the amount by On page 40, line 20, increase the amount by The PRESIDING OFFICER. The $322,000,000. $257,000,000. clerk will call the roll. On page 3, line 15, increase the amount by On page 40, line 21, increase the amount by The legislative clerk called the roll. $392,000,000. $257,000,000. On page 3, line 16, increase the amount by On page 41, line 2, increase the amount by The result was announced—yeas 51, $322,000,000. nays 49, as follows: $412,000,000. On page 3, line 20, increase the amount by On page 41, line 3, increase the amount by [Rollcall Vote No. 188 Leg.] $47,000,000. $322,000,000. YEAS—51 On page 3, line 21, increase the amount by On page 41, line 9, increase the amount by $144,000,000. $392,000,000. Abraham Dole Kerrey On page 41, line 10, increase the amount by Akaka Exon Leahy On page 3, line 22, increase the amount by Biden Feinstein Levin $197,000,000. $392,000,000. Breaux Ford Lieberman On page 3, line 23, increase the amount by On page 41, line 16, increase the amount by Bryan Frist Lott $257,000,000. $412,000,000. Burns Glenn Lugar On page 3, line 24, increase the amount by On page 41, line 17, increase the amount by Byrd Harkin McConnell $322,000,000. $412,000,000. Coats Hatch Mikulski On page 3, line 25, increase the amount by On page 63, line 19, decrease the amount by Cochran Heflin Moseley-Braun $392,000,000. $47,000,000. Coverdell Helms Nunn Craig Hollings Pell On page 4, line 1, increase the amount by On page 63, line 20, decrease the amount by Daschle Hutchison Pryor $412,000,000. $967,000,000. DeWine Inouye Reid On page 4, line 18, increase the amount by On page 63, line 21, decrease the amount by Dodd Johnston Robb $47,000,000. $1,771,000,000.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00059 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7340 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 24, 1995 At the appropriate place in the resolution Kerrey Moseley-Braun Robb On page 4, line 20 increase the amount by insert the following: Kerry Moynihan Rockefeller $300,000,000. Kohl Murray Sarbanes SEC. . FEDERAL RETIREMENT. On page 4, line 21 increase the amount by Lautenberg Nunn Shelby $300,000,000. It is the sense of the Senate that— Leahy Pell Simon (a) the assumptions underlying the revenue Levin Pressler On page 4, line 22 increase the amount by Warner $400,000,000. and functional totals in this resolution as- Lieberman Pryor Wellstone sume that the Federal Retirement programs Mikulski Reid On page 4, line 23 increase the amount by $400,000,000. will continue to calculate retirement bene- NAYS—50 fits from the average of an employee’s high On page 4, line 24 increase the amount by Abraham Faircloth Mack $500,000,000. 3 years of service; and (b) the restoration of Ashcroft Frist McCain Federal Retirement benefits will be restored On page 5, line 4 decrease the amount by Bennett Gorton McConnell $200,000,000. by closing the tax loophole which allows bil- Bond Gramm Murkowski On page 5, line 5 decrease the amount by lionaires to escape taxes by renouncing their Brown Grams Nickles $200,000,000. citizenship. Burns Grassley Packwood Chafee Gregg On page 5, line 6 decrease the amount by Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, I would Roth Coats Hatch Santorum $300,000,000. Cochran Hatfield like to speak for a few minutes regard- Simpson On page 5, line 7 increase the amount by Cohen Helms ing the Sarbanes amendment, of which Smith $300,000,000. Coverdell Hutchison I am an original cosponsor. This Snowe On page 5, line 8 increase the amount by Craig Inhofe $400,000,000. amendment eliminates the provision in D’Amato Kassebaum Specter On page 5, line 9 increase the amount by the budget resolution which changes DeWine Kempthorne Stevens Thomas $400,000,000. the basis for calculating retirement Dole Kyl Domenici Lott Thompson On page 5, line 10 decrease the amount by benefits for Federal employees from Exon Lugar Thurmond $500,000,000. the average of an employee’s highest 3 So the amendment (No. 1149) was re- On page 5, line 19 increase the amount by years to the average of the highest 5 $1,400,000,000. jected. years. On page 5, line 22 increase the amount by Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I $900,000,000. The Government cannot change the move to reconsider the vote. rules in the middle of the game for On page 6, line 5 increase the amount by Mr. EXON. I move to lay that motion $1,400,000,000. these loyal public servants who are re- on the table. On page 6, line 8 increase the amount by lying on and planning for retirement The motion to lay on the table was $900,000,000. using longstanding practices. Govern- agreed to. On page 6, line 18 increase the amount by ment personnel, civilian or military, $1,400,000,0000. AMENDMENT NO. 1150 active or retirees, should not be singled On page 6, line 21 increase the amount by out to bear the burden of balancing the (Purpose: Deficit neutral amendment that $900,000,000. would prohibit including revenues in the budget. On page 7, line 5 increase the amount by budget resolution based on oil and gas leas- $1,400,000,000. While I am a strong advocate of bal- ing within the Arctic National Wildlife On page 7, line 8 increase the amount by ancing the budget, I do not believe that Refuge) $900,000,000. a disproportionate share of the budget Mr. ROTH. Mr. President, I send an On page 7, line 15 decrease the amount by cuts should fall on Federal employees. amendment to the desk and ask for its $200,000,000. I strongly agree with the mandate immediate consideration. On page 7, line 16 decrease the amount by which American people delivered in the The PRESIDING OFFICER. The $200,000,000. On page 7, line 17 increase the amount by 1994 elections. I am committed to clerk will report. working to cut spending and reduce big $1,100,000,000. The legislative clerk read as follows: On page 7, line 18 decrease the amount by government, while striving to see that The Senator from Delaware [Mr. ROTH] $300,000,000. benefits to the truly needy are not un- proposes an amendment numbered 1150. On page 7, line 19 decrease the amount by fairly affected. Mr. ROTH. Mr. President, I ask unan- $400,000,000. We cannot and must not allow those imous consent that reading of the On page 7, line 20 increase the amount by who have given years of service to the $500,000,000. amendment be dispensed with. On page 7, line 21 decrease the amount by Federal Government to be uncertain The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without about their retirement decisions and $500,000,000. objection, it is so ordered. On page 8, line 1 decrease the amount by their future financial well-being. The amendment is as follows: $200,000,000. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The On page 3, line 10 increase the amount by On page 8, line 2, decrease the amount by question is on agreeing to the amend- $200,000,000. $200,000,000. ment. On page 3, line 11 increase the amount by On page 8, line 3, increase the amount by Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I ask $200,000,000. $1,100,000,000. for the yeas and nays. On page 3, line 12 increase the amount by On page 8, line 4, decrease the amount by The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there a $300,000,000. $300,000,000. On page 3, line 13 increase the amount by sufficient second? On page 8, line 5, decrease the amount by $300,000,000. $400,000,000. There is a sufficient second. On page 3, line 14 increase the amount by On page 8, line 6, increase the amount by The yeas and nays were ordered. $400,000,000. $500,000,000. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The On page 3, line 15 increase the amount by On page 8, line 7, decrease the amount by question is on agreeing to the amend- $400,000,000. $500,000,000. ment No. 1149 offered by the Senator On page 3, line 16 increase the amount by On page 20, line 15, increase the amount by from Maryland [Mr. SARBANES]. The $500,000,000. $1,400,000,000. yeas and nays have been ordered. The On page 3, line 20 decrease the amount by On page 20, line 16, increase the amount by $200,000,000. $1,400,000,000. clerk will call the roll. On page 3, line 21 decrease the amount by On page 21, line 15, increase the amount by The assistant legislative clerk called $200,000,000. $900,000,000. the roll. On page 3, line 22 decrease the amount by On page 21, line 16, increase the amount by The result was announced—yeas 50, $300,000,000. $900,000,000. nays 50, as follows: On page 3, line 23 increase the amount by On page 62, line 14, decrease the amount by [Rollcall Vote No. 189 Leg.] $300,000,000. $1,400,000,000. On page 3, line 24 increase the amount by On page 62, line 15, decrease the amount by YEAS—50 $400,000,000. $2,300,000,000. Akaka Byrd Glenn On page 3, line 25 increase the amount by Mr. BAUCUS. I rise today in support Baucus Campbell Graham $400,000,000. of the amendment offered by my col- Biden Conrad Harkin On page 4, line 1 increase the amount by league, Senator ROTH, to protect the Bingaman Daschle Heflin $500,000,000. Boxer Dodd Hollings On page 4, line 18 increase the amount by Arctic National Wildlife Refuge in Bradley Dorgan Inouye Alaska from oil and gas development. Breaux Feingold Jeffords $200,000,000. Bryan Feinstein Johnston On page 4, line 19 increase the amount by The proposed budget resolution as- Bumpers Ford Kennedy $200,000,000. sumes that the Committee on Energy

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00060 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7341 and Natural Resources will reach its tion—strong opposition—to opening up open market, cannot be quantified. The budget target by opening up this mag- ANWR to oil and gas drilling. My posi- budget resolution concerns itself pri- nificent wildlife refuge to oil and gas tion has not changed one bit, for those marily with identifying revenues and development. By striking $2.3 billion of my colleagues who have not heard directing spending. It is not the place over 7 years from that committee’s re- me address this issue before, I want to to develop Federal policy on land use quired reduction in budget outlays, and take this opportunity to again state or natural resources. The ecological adding that amount to the reduction the reasons why I am so opposed to values of the coastal plain, many of required by the Finance Committee, drilling. which are intangible, will lose out Senator ROTH’s amendment would pro- Mr. President, opening up the Arctic when compared to the CBO scoring of tect the refuge, while preserving the National Wildlife Refuge is not an en- potential revenues of barrels of oil. budget resolution’s bottom line. ergy policy, it is a non-energy policy. Mr. President, I oppose the budget To ensure that this amendment is Even if—and this is a big ‘‘if’’—even if committee proposal because it con- deficit neutral and therefore does not the big oil companies were to tap the tinues, and even strengthens, the exist- impair our progress toward a balanced 3.2 billion barrels of oil the Department ing misplaced energy priorities that budget, a goal I strongly support, Sen- of Interior has estimated may lie under have yet to reduce our need for foreign ator ROTH has suggested that those ANWR, the United States would be no oil. The language in the resolution em- funds instead be obtained by elimi- more energy secure than it is now. The phasizes environmentally destructive nating the ability of persons to avoid oil reserves under ANWR would com- energy development when what we taxes by relinquishing their U.S. citi- pose only a fraction of this country’s need to do is develop cleaner, nonpetro- zenship. As a result, this amendment huge appetite for oil for a short period leum-based fuels and seek important would allow us to continue to protect a of time, and at a tremendous, perhaps energy conservation opportunities. national treasure for future genera- catastrophic ecological cost. We will be If we allow drilling in the coastal tions by closing a tax loophole for no less dependent on foreign oil, and plain, we are destroying what the Fish wealthy expatriates who choose to give perhaps more so, now that the Senate and Wildlife Service calls the biologi- up their American citizenship to avoid has apparently expressed its willing- cal heart of the only complete Arctic paying taxes. ness to see Alaskan oil exported over- ecosystem protected in North America. A word about the refuge. It is a truly seas to the highest bidder. We will have We will be destroying that resource for special place. Located in the northeast gained nothing except the experience a one in five chance of finding any eco- corner of Alaska, the Arctic National of witnessing, once again, the grand ex- nomically recoverable oil in the coast- Wildlife Refuge has been referred to, ercise of greed. al plain. And, even worse, we will de- for good reason, as ‘‘America’s And at what cost, Mr. President? I stroy that biological heart in an effort Serengeti.’’ The refuge supports a spec- will tell you what cost. We will have to recover what many experts suggest tacular array of wildlife, including squandered one of the last remaining, will be only 200 days worth of oil for polar bears, grizzly bears, wolves, and irreplaceable treasures that belong not the Nation. snow geese. In addition, the porcupine to us, not to the oil companies, not to In addition, Mr. President, we cannot caribou herd, numbering over 150,000 this Government, but to our children, be sure that the revenues the com- animals, bear their young on the coast- and their children and their children’s mittee assumes from the leasing are al plain and provide an important children. The Arctic National Wildlife real. First, the leasing revenues are source of food for the native people Refuge is the biological heart of the speculative in light of what has been that live near the refuge. Arctic; and once it is gone, Mr. Presi- bid on other highly prospective leases Oil and gas development is now pro- dent, it is gone forever. near the Arctic Refuge. The State of hibited in the refuge, unless authorized Let us not continue any further down Alaska’s most recent onshore lease sale by Congress. Senator ROTH’s amend- this path of foolishness. I urge my col- located west of the Refuge brought in ment is therefore consistent with cur- leagues to vote for their children’s an average of $48.41 per acre, and leases rent law. However, regardless of wheth- sake to accept the Roth amendment. er you believe, as I do, that the coastal Mr. LAUTENBERG. Mr. President, I immediately offshore the refuge in the plain should be permanently protected rise today to strongly support the Beaufort Sea only gained an average of $33–$153 per acre, versus the estimated as a wilderness area or, as the Budget amendment by Senator ROTH to re- Committee proposes, that the law move language in the budget resolution $1,533 per acre the committee assumes should be changed to authorize leasing which might allow drilling in the would be paid if the entire coastal for oil and gas, the budget process is coastal plain of the Arctic National plain were leased. not the time or the place to settle this Wildlife Refuge. Second, the Federal treasury may important issue. It should be fully and A provision in the budget resolution take in as little as ten percent of all objectively debated, taking into con- assumes leasing revenues of $1.4 billion leasing revenues, not a split of 50 per- sideration not only the immediate eco- from leasing rights in the coastal cent as it appears that the Budget nomic return of leasing but the poten- plain. It is, in reality, nothing more Committee currently assumes. The tial loss to future generations of devel- than a yard sale to special interests of State of Alaska can be expected to sue oping this pristine wilderness. the resources in this critical Arctic to get 90 percent of the leasing reve- The Roth amendment will remove wilderness. Additionally, the $1.4 bil- nues, as it does currently for other the budget incentive to develop the ref- lion revenue estimate is highly specu- leases on Federal lands in Alaska. uge while maintaining the deficit re- lative, at best. All and all, the provi- Mr. President, after the Exxon Valdez duction totals. I urge my colleagues to sion is misplaced and misguided. spill, I visited the tragic spill site, the support it. The issue of whether to drill in the industrial complex at Prudhoe Bay, Mr. WELLSTONE. Mr. President, I coastal plain in the Arctic Refuge de- and the coastal plain of the Arctic Ref- rise to speak in support of the amend- serves full, open and deliberative de- uge. What I saw was the best of nature ment proposed by the distinguished bate. This is an embarrassing back- and the failings of humanity. I saw the Senator from Delaware. It is my belief door attempt to allow development of best of nature in the Arctic Refuge, an that this amendment would accomplish our last remaining wilderness. We area that the renowned biologist two very important goals with one sim- should not consider a decision of major George Shaller calls ‘‘unique and irre- ple action, namely, closing an out- importance to be made under the time placeable, not just on a national basis, rageous tax loophole for the super-rich, restrictions required by the budget res- but also on an international basis.’’ He and preserving one of this continent’s olution—we should pursue this discus- notes, ‘‘most remote ecosystem, both most fragile treasures, the Arctic Na- sion through separate legislation. inside and outside reserves, are rapidly tional Wildlife Refuge. That’s the responsible thing to do. being modified. The refuge has re- Now as some of my colleagues are no Including this discussion in the con- mained a rare exception. The refuge doubt well aware, as long as I have text of the budget resolution deni- was established not for economic value, been coming down to this floor to grates the natural values of the coastal but as a statement of our nation’s vi- speak, I have been speaking in opposi- plain which, unlike barrels of oil on the sion.’’

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00061 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7342 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 24, 1995 Beauty, wilderness, pristine—these ago, the first Americans could hunt them to change their calving grounds words simply fail to capture what I saw bison and elk in the open forests on the and migratory routes. This, in turn, and what is at stake if we allow oil and banks of the Potomac. I wonder how will affect other wildlife and impact gas drilling to proceed. The infrastruc- many people remember that outside the lifestyle and culture of the ture alone will severely impact the this building passenger pigeons used to Gwich’in people. ecosystem. The oil rigs, roads, pipe- roost in American chestnut trees, Proponents of development claim lines, airstrips, production facilities, sometimes in flocks of thousands. that only 13,000 acres of the Refuge will seismic testing and air and water pol- Today the bison and elk are gone, the be impacted. While this may be true, lution associated with the development passenger pigeon is extinct, and the that development will take place in the will have dramatic negative impacts on American chestnut has been wiped out biological heart of ANWR and have a the fragile coastal plain ecosystem. in this region by an exotic disease. The devastating impact on the wilderness We also threaten the food and culture first Americans wouldn’t recognize this values of the area. In this biological of one of the most traditional subsist- place. heart, developers will create a major ence peoples in the world, the Gwich’in Now we turn to a remote corner of industrial complex. They will build indians who depend on the healthy and our country, the last expanse of true hundreds of miles of roads and pipe- undisturbed porcupine caribou herd wildness left, and Congress is saying lines, erect housing for thousands of which gives birth and raises its young ‘‘we need that too—to balance the workers, and construct two sea ports in the coastal plain. budget.’’ On behalf of the children, I and one airport. These developments Unfortunately, in seeing the spill in object. will lead to mining of enormous Prince William Sound, I saw how Drilling for oil in the Alaska Wildlife amounts of gravel, will require diver- empty promises and humanity’s care- Refuge has been a controversial issue sion of streams and will result in pollu- lessness despoiled a rich ecosystem. for almost ten years. This is not a rea- tion of fragile tundra. Dead wildlife, oil-coated beaches, fish- son to sneak it into the budget resolu- In addition to harming this precious ing towns and villages of native Alas- tion. This is an issue for the light of piece of our heritage, I am skeptical kans turned upside down with the de- day, not for legislative tricks. about the revenue assumptions made in struction. Today, seabird, seal, sea Drilling for oil in Alaska is not even the budget resolution. The resolution otter, and herring populations still going to be a major contribution to our assumes an intake of $1.4 billion from have not recovered, and the social dis- deficit—the leasing revenues are only ANWR oil leases. This assumption is ruption still is felt by the villagers. one-fifth of one percent of the budget based on a split between the Federal Most natural resources injured by the gap. Government and the State of Alaska of spill still show little or no sign of re- Finally, Alaska, the State that gets 60/40. While the Federal Government covery, according to the Exxon Valdez more Federal dollars per person than may push for this division, the state of Trustee Council. any other State in the Union, will get Alaska has historically received 90 per- If we drill in the refuge, we threaten at least 50 percent of the revenues, and cent of the money from Arctic leases. the unique wilderness system. And if the State wants to take 90 percent ac- It is likely that Alaska would file law- we destroy the wilderness values in the cording to previous arrangements. suits to ensure that 10/90 split con- Arctic Refuge, we also threaten an un- The Alaska National Wildlife Refuge tinues. disturbed ecosystem with its polar is American treasure that does not be- Leasing ANWR will not result in a bears, snow geese and international long to us—it is the heritage of our balanced budget. Leasing ANWR will porcupine caribou. country. Just like the bald eagle, the result in an imbalanced ecosystem in The very nature of the budget proc- grand canyon, and a good trout one of our greatest wilderness areas. I ess will denigrate the values of the stream—ANWR exists for our enjoy- urge this body to protect the Refuge coastal plain which the public and pre- ment today and for the enjoyment of for future generations of Americans. vious Congresses have sought to pro- Support the Roth amendment. generations to come. It should not be tect. The debate will not be about Mrs. BOXER. Mr. President, I rise in laced with roads and drilled for oil. whether wildlife and wilderness are strong support of the Roth-Lautenberg I urge support of this bipartisan worth more than the chance of finding amendment. This is a deficit neutral amendment. oil—the debate will hinge on what amendment that will correct a mis- Mrs. MURRAY. Mr. President, I am scores for budget deficit purposes. How guided policy assumption in the cur- in strong support of the Roth amend- do you score polar bears, musk oxen rent budget resolution. ment. and caribou? How do you measure the Mr. President, the 1996 budget resolu- We cannot sacrifice the incomparable loss of an intact, undisturbed eco- tion assumes 2.3 billion dollars in rev- wilderness of the Arctic National Wild- system to science? How will the Budget enue over 7 years from leases to oil life Refuge to support our bad spending Committee account for the wilderness companies for oil exploration and de- habits. This refuge is one of the only values which will be gone forever? velopment in the Arctic National Wild- For all these reasons, Mr. President, remaining complete and undisturbed life Refuge. It assumes the opening up I strongly object to the provision as- arctic ecosystems in the world. It is of a unique wildlife refuge for the sake suming leasing revenues from the home to an abundance of wildlife, in- of oil development. coastal plain in the budget resolution. cluding grizzly and polar bears, musk- Mr. President, the 1980 passage of the I strongly urge my colleagues to vote oxen, wolves, and a host of migratory Alaska National Interest Lands Con- in favor of the Roth amendment. bird species. It is also home to the servation Act opened up 95 percent of Mr. LEAHY. Mr. President, this Con- magnificent porcupine caribou herd, Alaskan lands with high or favorable gress should not have a yard sale to whose 160,000 members rely on this oil and gas potential to exploration and balance the budget. coastal plain for their calving grounds. development. A yard sale is an opportunity to ANWR also provides essential habitat That same act did NOT allow oil and clean house, to clear out things that for people. The Gwich’in people have gas exploration in an area of the coast- have outgrown their usefulness, and to inhabited this arctic ecosystem for al plain designated ‘‘section 1002’’ be- get rid of junk you don’t need. The more than 20,000 years. They are de- cause of its uniqueness as a natural re- Alaska National Wildlife Refuge is not pendent upon the caribou herd for their source. junk. It should not be drilled for oil to food source, clothing supply and cul- This ‘‘Section 1002’’ of the Arctic balance the budget. ture. coastal plain is precisely the land area The refuge is one of a kind—in fact, Mr. President, this body could, that the budget resolution assumes it’s the last of its kind. The Alaska Na- today, begin a process that will signal will be leased to oil companies for oil tional Wildlife Refuge is the only place the beginning of the end for many of exploration activities. we have left that resembles the kind of the people and wildlife of ANWR. With Mr. President, in other words, the land that gave birth to our Nation cen- this budget resolution, the doors will budget resolution assumes that explo- turies ago. be opened wide for oil development in ration will occur in an area where in I wonder how many people realize the Refuge. Oil development will likely current law, it is explicitly illegal to that outside this chamber, 500 years disrupt the porcupine caribou and force do so.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00062 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7343 What would the consequences be of The PRESIDING OFFICER. The leasing of this area considered in con- opening up the Arctic plain to develop- question is on agreeing to the amend- text of the budget deficit reduction ef- ment? ment. fort. I would like to quote to you from a Mr. DOMENICI. The Senator assumes Together with the other members of passage written by Peter Matthiessen this would be ANWR. I add that to my the Alaska delegation I opposed this in his forward to the Natural Resources explanation. amendment. The amendment was also Defense Council report Tracking Arctic Mr. President, I move to table the opposed by the Inupiat Eskimo people Oil: amendment and I ask for the yeas and who live on the North Slope; by the Today the oil companies have set their nays. local government for this region, the sights on the last undeveloped lands to the The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there a North Slope Borough; by the Eskimo- eastward, pressuring Congress for permission sufficient second? owned Arctic Slope Regional Corp.; by to exploit the 125 mile-long coastal plain of There is a sufficient second. the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, the very the State of Alaska; by our Governor last protected stretch of our arctic coastline, The yeas and nays were ordered. Tony Knowles, and by an over- where polar bears still hunt over the ice and The PRESIDING OFFICER. The whelming majority of Alaskans. come ashore, where a mighty herd of 180,000 question is on agreeing to the motion Mr. President, I want to review the caribou, with its attendant wolves, migrates to table. history and the potentially huge bene- each year from Canada to give birth to its The yeas and nays have been ordered. fits that opening the coastal plain to young.... The danger posed by destructive The clerk will call the roll. oil and gas leasing can provide to the and inefficient drilling in the Arctic with ir- The legislative clerk called the roll. remediable loss to wilderness and wildlife, is Nation. The result was announced—yeas 56, In the 1980 Alaska National Interest not an Alaskan problem. It is a national nays 44, as follows: problem, a world problem. Lands Conservation Act Congress with- Mr. President, the first step toward [Rollcall Vote No. 190 Leg.] drew more than 19 million acres in victory for those hungry oil companies YEAS—56 northeast Alaska, 8 million acres were occurred last week in the Senate, with Abraham Ford Lugar designated wilderness and another 11 the passage of a bill that would lift the Akaka Frist Mack million acres nonwilderness refuge Ashcroft Gorton McCain lands. However, under section 1002 of ban on the export of Alaska North Bennett Gramm McConnell Slope Oil. Bond Grams Murkowski that act Congress set aside about 1.5 The lifting of the ban goes against all Breaux Grassley Nickles million acres to study for oil potential. the principles on which Congress based Brown Gregg Packwood The purpose of the study was to evalu- Burns Hatch Pressler its controversial and expensive deci- Campbell Hatfield ate the oil and gas values and the fish Santorum Coats Heflin and wildlife values of this area. sion to construct the Trans-Alaska Shelby Cochran Helms Pipeline. Simpson In April 1987 the Department of the Conrad Hollings Today, we face step two: a budget Coverdell Hutchison Smith Interior released the legislative envi- resolution that assumes 2.3 billion dol- Craig Inhofe Specter ronmental impact statement and lars in revenue from oil exploration D’Amato Inouye Stevens coastal plain report to the Congress. DeWine Johnston Thomas This led to the recommendation of and development leases along the pris- Dole Kempthorne Thompson tine coastal plane of the Arctic Na- Domenici Kyl Thurmond the Secretary of the Interior to open tional Wildlife Refuge. Faircloth Lott Warner the 1002 area to oil and gas leasing. Let Republicans in the budget committee NAYS—44 me quote from the report: say that they are ‘‘only leasing 8 per- Baucus Feinstein Moseley-Braun The 1002 area is the Nation’s best single op- cent of the 19 million acres of the Arc- Biden Glenn Moynihan portunity to increase significantly domestic tic Wildlife Refuge’’, and that ‘‘The de- Bingaman Graham Murray oil production. It is rated by geologists as velopment of the Arctic National Wild- Boxer Harkin Nunn the most outstanding petroleum exploration Bradley Jeffords Pell target in the onshore United States. Data life Refuge would only affect 13,000 Bryan Kassebaum acres’’. Pryor from nearby wells in the Prudhoe Bay area Bumpers Kennedy Reid and in the Canadian Beaufort Sea and Mac- Those 13,000 acres are on the last Byrd Kerrey Robb Chafee Kerry kenzie Delta, combined with promising seis- pristine arctic coastal plain—and are Rockefeller Cohen Kohl mic data gathered on the 1002 area, indicate Roth part of the original wildlife range es- Daschle Lautenberg extensions of producing trends and other Sarbanes tablished by President Eisenhower in Dodd Leahy geologic conditions exceptionally favorable Simon 1960. Those 13,000 acres are in an area Dorgan Levin for discovery of one or more supergiant fields Snowe that the House of Representatives has Exon Lieberman (larger than 500 million barrels). Feingold Mikulski Wellstone twice voted to designate as wilderness There is a 19-percent chance that economi- in order to give it permanent protec- So the motion to lay on the table the cally recoverable oil occurs in the 1002 area. tion from any development. amendment (No. 1150) was agreed to. The average of all estimates of conditional The fact is, Mr. President, that what Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I economically recoverable oil resources (the ‘‘mean’’) is 3.2 billion barrels. Based on this we are talking about here is turning move to reconsider the vote. Mr. EXON. I move to lay that motion estimate, 1002 area production by the year the only remaining protected stretch of 2005 could provide 4 percent of total U.S. de- our arctic coastline into an immense on the table. mand; provide 8 percent of U.S. production industrial desert. The motion to lay on the table was (about 660,000 barrels/day); and reduce im- Mr. President, leadership is about agreed to. ports by nearly 9 percent. This production finding long term solutions to prob- f could provide net national economic benefits of $79.4 billion, including Federal revenues of lems—not temporary solutions. ARCTIC OIL RESERVE The proposal to open the Alaska Na- $38.0 billion. tional Wildlife Refuge demonstrates Mr. MURKOWSKI. Mr. President, I The report continues: lack of long term vision and a lack of am glad to see that amendment offered Discovery of 9.2 billion barrels of oil could leadership—I firmly believe this is not by the Senator from Delaware to strike yield production of more than 1.5 million where the citizens of this Nation want a major source of new Federal revenues barrels per day. Estimates of net national to go. from the budget resolution was re- economic benefits based on 9.2 billion barrels The PRESIDING OFFICER. The jected by my colleagues. This source of of oil production, and other economic as- question now occurs on agreeing to the new revenue is $2.3 billion from com- sumptions, are as high as $325 billion. amendment offered by the Senator petitive bonus bids from leasing the oil On April 8, 1991, the Department of from Delaware. and gas resources of an area in the the Interior issued a formal update of Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, the northeast part of my State. This is an the recoverable petroleum reserves 1987 Roth amendment would reduce the in- issue that is important to my State study and report. The major finding structions to the Energy Committee by and to our Nation. This vote to keep from the update was that the prob- $2.3 billion over 7 years and offset that those funds in the budget resolution is ability of economic success of finding reduction by increasing revenues $2.3 a clear indication that my colleagues commercial oil in the 1002 area was in- billion over the same period of time. would like to see the revenues from the creased from 19 percent to 46 percent.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00063 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7344 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 24, 1995 Let me place this in context. The Senator Jackson heard from all of the 20-page oil and gas lease did not con- probability of finding oil in the lower special interest groups, but he made tain any meaningful provisions to pro- 48 States in an unexplored area is his own decisions, based upon all of the tect the porcupine caribou herd. This about 1 percent. As a result, 46 percent facts and the interest of people and of herd migrates annually through or is unprecedented. the Nation. near the Venetie Reservation. Yet, the Mr. President, let me quote from the Jackson, along with the senior Sen- Gwich’in leased all of their lands for 1991 update: ator from Alaska, authored the legisla- $1.8 million on the basis that oil explo- The 1991 update of recoverable petroleum tion to open Prudhoe Bay to oil pro- ration and oil development would not resources in the 1987 Arctic National Wildlife duction by authorizing the Trans Alas- adversely impact the herds well-being. Refuge, Alaska Coastal Plain Assessment, ka Pipeline Act in 1973. In the face of I believe this leasing decision by the also known as the 1002 Report, makes a con- major opposition from the national en- Gwich’in was correct. It is supported siderable contribution to the knowledge and vironmental organizations, this legis- by studies of caribou and oil industry understanding of the petroleum geology of lation was adopted. As a result, the Na- the 1002 area of the Arctic National Wildlife experience elsewhere, including Alas- Rufuge (ANWR). This study reaffirms most tion has enjoyed two decades of major ka’s North Slope. of the conclusions and estimates made in the economic benefits. In 1984, the Gwich’in people hired a 1002 Report, and increases the level of con- Scoop also worked out the com- consultant to lease their reservation fidence that ANWR is part of the North promise that was reached which led to lands a second time after the Rouget Slope oil province. This is demonstrated by the study and report authorized in sec- Oil Co. oil and gas lease expired. And the increase in the marginal probability of tion 1002. The reason the 1.5 million again, no concerns were expressed by economic success from 19 percent in the acres was set aside was to consider the the Gwich’in about any adverse impact original assessment to 46 percent in the cur- great oil potential in the area. Scoop on caribou. rent assessment. The increase in marginal probability means that ANWR has a higher included the provision of the national The North Slope Inupiat Eskimo peo- potential for oil discovery. The overall Min- security concerns associated with our ple are now asking for the same oppor- imum Economic Field Size (MEFS) for the country being reliant on foreign oil. We tunity the Gwich’in had in the 1980’s. 1002 area has been lowered from about 0.44 are more reliant on foreign oil than They regret and I regret that the oil billion barrels of oil (BBO) to about 0.40 BBO. ever before. We imported more than 50 company that Gwich’in leased their The mean resource estimate has increased percent of our oil consumption for the lands to did not discover major re- from 3.23 to 3.57 BBO.’’ first time in 1994. serves of oil and gas on their lands. The Mr. President, since this 1991 update, Mr. President, the opposition to North Slope Eskimo people want the a number of new wells have been opening the coastal plain to oil and gas same right to do as the Gwich’in did in drilled near the 1002 area. A large num- leasing comes from the leaders of some 1980. They want the right to explore ber discovered oil and gas. Some of of the Nation’s large environmental or- the 92,000 acres of land they own at these wells may be commercial oil- ganizations. My view is that the lead- Kaktovik along with the surrounding fields. These discoveries reflect very fa- ers of these organizations are mis- Federal lands. And if these lands con- vorably on the prospect that the coast- guided and poorly informed. I suspect tain oil and gas in commercial al plain contains major reserves of oil that their opposition has more to do amounts, they want the right to de- and gas. with ‘‘fundraising’’ objectives than it velop their land. As the reports quoted above make does with ‘‘wilderness’’ values. Mr. President, I am glad to see that clear, the economic benefits of the The leaders of the environmental the amendment from my colleagues coastal plains oil and gas reserves far community have invested a great deal from Delaware was defeated. We now exceed the $2.3 billion assumed in the of time, effort, and money in the can proceed with consideration of re- pending budget resolution. The 1987 re- Gwich’in Indian steering committee. sponsible oil and gas exploration and port notes that a discovery of 3.2 bil- The steering committee is composed of development of the best prospect for a lion barrels of oil would produce net some of the 400 Athabascan Indians major oil find in North America. national economic benefits of $79.4 bil- who live in two villages on the Venetie AMENDMENT NO. 1151 lion, including new Federal revenues of Indian Reservation. The steering com- (Purpose: To restore funding for agriculture $38 billion. A discovery of 9.2 billion mittee opposes opening the coastal and nutrition programs) barrels would yield net national eco- plain. They are concerned that leasing Mr. EXON. Mr. President, I send an nomic benefits of $325 billion and new and development might, in some un- amendment to the desk and ask for its Federal revenues of around $150 billion known way, adversely impact the por- immediate consideration. over the life of the oil fields. cupine caribou herd. This herd of The PRESIDING OFFICER. The The Department of Energy and Whar- 160,000 animals annually migrates be- clerk will report. ton Econometrics have done inde- tween Canada and the United States. The legislative clerk read as follows: pendent studies which project that In some years, the herd uses the south- The Senator from Nebraska [Mr. EXON], for leasing the coastal plain could create ern portion of the coastal plain for for- himself, Mr. DASCHLE, Mr. CONRAD, and Mr. 250,000 to 732,000 new direct and indi- age and calving. Last year, North Slope WELLSTONE, proposes an amendment num- rect jobs in all 50 of our States. Eskimos and Athabascan Indians took bered 1151. Mr. President, in addition to pro- about 380 caribou from this herd of Mr. EXON. Mr. President, I ask unan- viding a major stimulus to the econ- 160,000 animals for subsistence uses. imous consent that reading of the omy and creating new jobs, opening the I respect the right of the Gwich’in amendment be dispensed with. 1002 area will allow my State to con- steering committee to oppose resource The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without tinue to produce 25 percent or more of development in the coastal plain. It is objection, it is so ordered. the Nation’s domestic oil for an addi- a decision, however, which is contrary The amendment is as follows: tional 30 or 40 more years. This is very to experience at Prudhoe Bay and else- On page 74, strike lines 12 through 24 and important because Prudhoe Bay is now where in the Arctic. Caribou are very insert the following: ‘‘budget, the revenue in decline. Since 1990, oil production adaptable. At Prudhoe Bay, the central and spending aggregates may be revised and other appropriate budgetary aggregates and has fallen from 2 million barrels a day Arctic caribou herd is flourishing with levels may be revised to reflect the addi- to 1.6 million barrels a day. Every bar- oil development. Since oil was discov- tional deficit reduction achieved as cal- rel of oil produced in Alaska is a barrel ered in Prudhoe Bay the central Arctic culated under subsection (c) for legislation the United States does not have to buy caribou herd has increased from 3,000 that reduces revenues, and for legislation abroad. to 23,000 animals. that will provide $15,000,000,000 in outlays to Senator Henry M. ‘‘Scoop’’ Jackson Further, the Gwich’in steering com- the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, authored the Alaska Statehood Act mittees opposition to oil and gas leas- and Forestry for the purpose of restoring and the Alaska Native Claims Settle- ing is a new development. In 1980 the outlay reductions required of that com- mittee pursuant to section 6 of this resolu- ment Act of 1971. Senator Jackson was Gwich’in people of Arctic village and tion. a tough, no nonsense moderate Demo- Venetie villages leased all of the lands ‘‘(b) REVISED ALLOCATIONS AND AGGRE- crat. He was fair. He was accessible. He in their 1.7 million acre reservation to GATES.—Upon the reporting of legislation was informed. And he was balanced. the Rouget Oil Co. of Tulsa, OK. This pursuant to subsection (a), and again upon

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00064 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7345 the submission of a conference report on Now we are cutting into live growth, The PRESIDING OFFICER. The yeas such legislation (if a conference report is not deadwood. If other Federal sending and nays are ordered on the amend- submitted), the Chair of the Committee on had been reduced at anything near the ment. the Budget of the Senate may submit to the same rate as agricultural spending has Mr. EXON. Mr. President, I ask for Senate appropriately revised allocations under sections 302(a) and 602(a) of the Con- been, we would have a budget surplus. the yeas and nays on the motion. gressional Budget Act of 1974; budgetary ag- In this context, to make farmers take The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there a gregates; and levels under this resolution, re- another deep cut just to give the rich- sufficient second? vised by an amount that does not exceed the est Americans a tax break adds insult There is a sufficient second. additional deficit reduction specified under to injury. The yeas and nays were ordered. subsection (d).’’. Ideas have consequences and so do VOTE ON MOTION TO WAIVE THE BUDGET ACT Mr. DASCHLE. Mr. President, Sen- choices. If we choose to sacrifice a The PRESIDING OFFICER. The ator EXON’s amendment to restore $15 healthy farm sector to the momentary question is on the motion to waive the billion in agricultural spending is a impulse to finance a tax cut, we will Budget Act. step in the right direction for rural pay more down the road. We cannot The yeas and nays have been ordered. America. It is a step in the right direc- disinvest and disinvest and disinvest in The clerk will call the roll. tion for the American families who de- rural America, channeling support to The bill clerk called the roll. pend on USDA nutrition programs. It virtually every other sector, without The PRESIDING OFFICER. Are there stands in stark contrast to the Repub- finally paying the price. The fact is, any other Senators in the Chamber lican budget that takes these funds these cuts could easily cost us more who desire to vote? from rural America, not to reduce the than they save. Barely 10 years ago, in The yeas and nays resulted—yeas 31, deficit, but to fund tax breaks for some the mid-1980’s, we learned the price of nays 69, as follows: of the wealthiest Americans. misguided and mistaken policies that [Rollcall Vote No. 191 Leg.] The Exon amendment instead directs starved rural America. We paid billions YEAS—31 the $15 billion where it is most needed, to repair the damage done by short- Akaka Feingold Kohl to farmers who struggle each year to sighted farm policies, unforeseen Baucus Feinstein Leahy stay on the farm, to keep producing weather patterns and changing eco- Bingaman Ford Moseley-Braun America’s food and fiber supply, and to nomic conditions. There were more Breaux Harkin Murray families who strike a rough patch when Bumpers Heflin Nunn farm and rural business foreclosures Byrd Hollings Pryor there is job loss or other bad luck, peo- and bankruptcies than at any time Conrad Inouye Robb ple trying to put food on the table and since the Great Depression. Daschle Jeffords Simon Dodd Johnston keep their families together. Wellstone Right now, producers in South Da- Dorgan Kennedy The Republican budget, on the other kota and across the Midwest are suf- Exon Kerrey hand, raids rural America to aid the fering from unseasonably wet weather NAYS—69 comfortable. The Republican budget and destructive flooding. They cannot proposal would cut $45.9 billion out of Abraham Glenn McConnell get their crops in the ground. So they Ashcroft Gorton Mikulski the Agriculture Department over the will be struggling to make it through Bennett Graham Moynihan next 7 years. That is likely to translate this difficult year even with the cur- Biden Gramm Murkowski to around $12 billion in direct cuts to Bond Grams Nickles rent level of farm spending. With the Boxer Grassley Packwood farm programs. It is a 20-percent cut in cuts in the Republican budget proposal, Bradley Gregg Pell farm spending. It will contribute to the net income will plummet, and land Brown Hatch Pressler further deterioration of the economic prices will fall again. Another bad year Bryan Hatfield Reid and social fabric of rural America. No Burns Helms Rockefeller could push many producers over the Campbell Hutchison Roth other sector of American life is being edge into insolvency. Chafee Inhofe Santorum asked to absorb such a hit. We cannot Coats Kassebaum Sarbanes We can and should do more to Cochran Kempthorne Shelby have a prosperous Urban America streamline agricultural programs, both riding on the back of an impoverished Cohen Kerry Simpson to make them farmer friendly and to Coverdell Kyl Smith Farm America. Yet that’s what Repub- curb costs. But there is a difference in Craig Lautenberg Snowe D’Amato Levin Specter lican budget cuts will produce. curbing costs and what this budget pro- Farmers in South Dakota would see a DeWine Lieberman Stevens posal does. This budget imposes a Dole Lott Thomas devastating decline in their income of straightjacket on Congress as we are Domenici Lugar Thompson over $57 million. Other rural States trying to write a better, more respon- Faircloth Mack Thurmond will suffer similar pain. This budget is Frist McCain Warner sive and more flexible farm bill. This shortsighted for rural America and budget will prevent reasonable reform, The PRESIDING OFFICER. On this self-interested for the best off. It is not not promote it. It is exactly the wrong vote, the yeas are 31, the nays are 69. a balanced, fair proposal. It is not a way to go. Three-fifths of the Senators duly cho- budget that sustains the American tra- Mr. EXON. Mr. President, this sen and sworn, not having voted in the dition of building a strong farm sector, affirmative, the motion is rejected, and a tradition that has enjoyed bipartisan amendment, using a $170 billion bonus surplus, gives $15 billion to the Agri- the Chair sustains the point of order. support until this Republican majority. Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I culture Committee. The rest can still Make no mistake, the agricultural move to reconsider the vote by which be used for tax cuts. community recognizes the enormity of the motion was rejected. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- the Federal budget and is committed to Mr. HELMS. I move to lay that mo- ator from New Mexico. reducing it. Farmers are some of our tion on the table. most fiscally conservative citizens. But Mr. DOMENICI. Are we ready to The motion to lay on the table was America’s producers—rightly—feel vote? agreed to. they should not be asked to bear a dis- The PRESIDING OFFICER. We are Mr. FAIRCLOTH addressed the proportionate share of spending reduc- ready to vote. Chair. tions. Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, the The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- They are right. America’s producers pending amendment is not germane to ator from Georgia. have already contributed their share. the provisions of the budget resolution. AMENDMENT NO. 1152 Pursuant to section 305 of the Budget Long before the budget cutters turned (Purpose: To express the sense of the Senate to other programs to see where we Act, I raise the point of order against regarding reimbursement to the States for could cut, farm producers over the last the pending amendment. the costs of implementing the National decade have already seen commodity Mr. EXON. Mr. President, pursuant Voter Registration Act of 1993 under budg- program spending decline more than 60 to section 904 of the Congressional et function 800) percent. Other parts of the Federal Budget Act of 1974, I move to waive Mr. COVERDELL. Mr. President, I budget have expanded, while agri- section 305(b) of that act for consider- send an amendment to the desk and culture has consistently been cut back. ation of the pending amendment. ask for its immediate consideration.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00065 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7346 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 24, 1995 The PRESIDING OFFICER. The this question, the yeas and nays have On page 66, line 14, decrease the amount by clerk will report. been ordered, and the clerk will call $28,000,000. The bill clerk read as follows: the roll. On page 66, line 20, decrease the amount by $70,000,000. The Senator from Georgia [Mr. COVERDELL] The assistant legislative clerk called On page 66, line 21, decrease the amount by proposes an amendment numbered 1152. the roll. $215,000,000. Mr. COVERDELL. Mr. President, I The PRESIDING OFFICER. Are there On page 67, line 2, decrease the amount by ask unanimous consent that reading of any other Senators in the Chamber $70,000,000. who desire to vote? On page 67, line 3, decrease the amount by the amendment be dispensed with. $4,000,000. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without The result was announced—yeas 51, On page 67, line 9, decrease the amount by objection, it is so ordered. nays 49, as follows: $70,000,000. The amendment is as follows: [Rollcall Vote No. 192 Leg.] Mr. EXON. Mr. President, this re- At the end of title III, add the following: YEAS—51 moves instructions to the Rules Com- SEC. . SENSE OF THE SENATE REGARDING THE Abraham Gorton McConnell mittee that repeals spending limits and COSTS OF THE NATIONAL VOTER Bennett Gramm Murkowski public financing for Presidential cam- REGISTRATION ACT OF 1993. Bond Grams Nickles paigns, returning to pre-Watergate It is the sense of the Senate that within Brown Grassley Packwood the assumptions under budget function 800 Burns Gregg Pressler rules for those campaigns. Offset ap- funds will be spent for reimbursement to the Campbell Hatch Roth proximately $250 million over 7 years, Coats Helms Santorum of reduced overhead and administrative States for the costs of implementing the Na- Cochran Hutchison Shelby tional Voter Registration Act of 1993. Cohen Inhofe Simpson costs spread across Government by the Mr. COVERDELL. Mr. President, I Coverdell Kassebaum Smith Appropriations Committee. Craig Kempthorne Snowe f ask for the yeas and nays. D’Amato Kohl Specter The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there a DeWine Kyl Stevens PRESIDENTIAL CAMPAIGN FUND sufficient second? Dole Lott Thomas There is a sufficient second. Domenici Lugar Thompson Mr. FEINGOLD. Mr. President, and I Faircloth Mack Thurmond would like to thank the junior Senator The yeas and nays were ordered. Frist McCain Warner Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, the from Massachusetts for offering his Coverdell amendment is a sense-of-the- NAYS—49 amendment that would derail this mis- Senate resolution stating that the Akaka Feingold Levin guided effort to eliminate the Presi- Ashcroft Feinstein funds within this resolution should be Lieberman dential election campaign fund. Baucus Ford Mikulski It came as a surprise—and a dis- spent for reimbursement to States for Biden Glenn Moseley-Braun appointment—to many of us that when motor-voter mandates. Bingaman Graham Moynihan the Republican Party announced last Mr. HATFIELD. Mr. President, as the Boxer Harkin Murray Bradley Hatfield fall their new Contract With America lead Republican sponsor of the Na- Nunn Breaux Heflin Pell and declared their commitment to re- Bryan Hollings tional Voter Registration Act, I was Pryor Bumpers Inouye forming the Congress and ending busi- very interested in a recent New York Reid Byrd Jeffords ness as usual in Washington, that they Times article reporting on the progress Robb Chafee Johnston did not even bother to mention cam- of voter registration since the bill’s Conrad Kennedy Rockefeller paign finance reform in their contract. implementation in January of this Daschle Kerrey Sarbanes Simon Well, we are now out from under the year. Over 2 million new voters have Dodd Kerry Dorgan Lautenberg Wellstone first 100 days of the contract, and there been registered in the first quarter of Exon Leahy is still no indication that the Senate 1995 and the National Motor-Voter Coa- So the amendment (No. 1152) was will be turning to campaign finance re- lition estimates that approximately 20 agreed to. form anytime soon. million new voters will be registered Mr. COVERDELL. Mr. President, I But not only are we going to be pre- by the 1996 Presidential election. move to reconsider the vote by which vented from taking a step forward, the It is very gratifying to hear that this the amendment was agreed to. budget resolution before us today important program is being imple- Mr. EXON. I move to lay that motion would push us back—20 years back—to mented successfully and that the re- on the table. the days before Congress recognized sults are exceeding our expectations. I The motion to lay on the table was how fundamentally flawed our system realize there are concerns about this agreed to. of Presidential campaigns was. law being a burden to the States and AMENDMENT NO. 1153 Mr. President, what in the world is its financial impact on them. However, the logic behind this? As far as I know, (Purpose: To maintain public funding for I would remind my colleagues that even the most vocal opponents of the many innovative States, including Or- Presidential campaigns) Mr. EXON. Mr. President, I send an Presidential campaign system are not egon, led the way for the Federal Gov- willing to suggest that we have had a ernment by adopting State motor- amendment to the desk and ask for its immediate consideration. single unfair Presidential election in voter laws and supported a national the past 20 years. Nor has any general law. Additionally, according to the The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk will report. election candidate for President, to my Congressional Budget Office study on knowledge, ever said in the past 20 the implementation costs of motor- The assistant legislative clerk read as follows: years that their loss was attributable voter, the aggregate costs for States to the lack of financial resources. would be 20 to 25 million annually for 5 The Senator from Nebraska [Mr. EXON], for That is because the Presidential cam- years. Mr. President, this does not Mr. KERRY, proposes an amendment num- bered 1153. paign finance system is based on sim- meet the requirements of the Federal ple principles. One principle is that unfunded mandate legislation passed Mr. EXON. Mr. President, I ask unan- money should not determine the out- earlier this year by the Senate—which imous consent that the reading of the come of elections. Another is that I supported. amendment be dispensed with. elected officials should not be spending It is our obligation as policy-makers The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without inordinate amounts of time on the to protect the voting process and, at objection, it is so ordered. phone soliciting campaign funds. the same time, to make it accessible. The amendment is as follows: That is what the Presidential system The motor-voter law effectively On page 64, strike lines 17 through 19 and is about. If there is a problem of inad- achieves both of these important re- insert the following: ‘‘$2,000,000 in fiscal year equate funding of the Presidential sponsibilities and, therefore, I voted 1996, $37,000,000 for the period of fiscal years campaign fund, then that should be ad- against the Coverdell amendment to 1996 through 2000, and $72,000,000 for the pe- riod of fiscal years 1996’’. dressed. We did it 2 years ago and we the budget resolution. On page 66, line 6, decrease the amount by can do it again. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The $70,000,000. But instead, this resolution is trying question is on agreeing to the amend- On page 66, line 13, decrease the amount by to fix a wristwatch with a sledge- ment of the Senator from Georgia. On $70,000,000. hammer, preferring to discard the one

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00066 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7347 Federal campaign system that has pro- In the last 20 years, very few people against their will—will we put a stop duced fair and competitive elections have accused Presidential candidates to it? during the last 20 years rather than of being beholden to special interest. Even if the program is a complete finding a targeted solution to ensuring Less than 1 percent of the money in boondoggle for politicians—in fact, the solvency of the Presidential fund. Presidential campaigns comes from politicians receive every dime from it— Finally, I have to ask why the Re- PAC’s—political action committees. can Congress bring itself to kill such a publicans are trying to do this under And, once the Presidential primaries program? Stay tuned. the camouflage of the budget resolu- are over, the quest for money essen- The Budget Committee, under the tion. If opponents of the Presidential tially ends. Candidates can spend their able leadership of Chairman DOMENICI, system want to eliminate it, then let time debating the issues—not catering wisely chose to end the failed Presi- us have public hearings in the Rules to special-interests. dential Election Campaign Fund pro- Committee and have an intelligent dis- Meanwhile, spending has been held gram. Make no mistake: the Presi- cussion about it. down. Consider this: in the 1992 Presi- dential Election Campaign Fund is not If opponents of public financing are dential election, President Clinton and simply troubled or fraught with prob- so convinced that the American people President Bush combined spent less in lems—it is an utter failure. are also opposed to public financing, constant dollars then President Nixon It has not achieved any of its stated why are the opponents so reluctant to spent all by himself in the Watergate objectives. It does not limit special in- have a public debate on this issue on election of 1972—before there were terests. It does not lessen the money the floor of the U.S. Senate? spending limits and before there was chase. It does not even limit spending. There is not a single word in the the Presidential check-off system. On the other hand, it does distort the budget resolution about what we are What has been the result of all of this political process, by causing campaigns going to replace the Presidential sys- compared to the old system? Cleaner to employ battalions of lawyers to seek tem with. campaigns, fairer campaigns, more out and exploit loopholes. It does fork But again, I have not heard anyone in competitive campaigns, campaigns over millions of taxpayer dollars to the nearly 20 years of this system’s ex- more focuses on the issues, and cam- fringe candidates like Lenora Fulani, istence criticize it for being unfair to paigns with limited spending. and even criminals like Lyndon challengers, unfair to either party, or Mr. President, I urge my colleagues LaRouche. dominated by special interests. to support the Kerry amendment, It was the reformers’ dream. It has This is a system we need to emulate, which I have cosponsored. It would become the taxpayers’ nightmare. not eliminate. keep the Presidential check-off system From beginning to end, the Presi- I thank the Senator from Massachu- in tact. Now is not the time to return dential system of spending limits and setts for his leadership on this issue Presidential campaigns to the days of voluntary taxpayer funding is a hoax and I yield the floor. runaway spending controlled by special that 85 percent of American taxpayers Mr. BIDEN. Mr. President, since I interests. are not falling for. The tax return was elected to the Senate in 1972, one This system is not broken. We should checkoff mechanism, which feeds the of my central themes has been to get not break it. fund, is itself a fraud. The checkoff ap- special-interest money out of political AMENDMENT NO. 1154 TO AMENDMENT NO. 1153 propriates money out of the Treasury. campaigns. The first testimony I every (Purpose: To express the Sense of the Senate It gives a tiny minority—14.5 percent gave as a U.S. Senator was before the on use of the Presidential Election Cam- of filers checked ‘‘yes’’ on their 1993 re- Senate Rules Committee in favor of paign Fund in regard to sexual harass- turns—the power to appropriate tax public funding—instead of special-in- ment) dollars paid by all Americans. terest funding—of political campaigns. Mr. McCONNELL. Mr. President, I The system is not voluntary for the Unfortunately, we have not moved send a second-degree amendment to the 85 percent of American taxpayers who forward as much as I would have liked desk and ask for its immediate consid- choose not to check ‘‘yes,’’ but are or as much as I have repeatedly advo- eration. forced to pay for the few who do. These cated. And, what little we have done is The PRESIDING OFFICER. The checkoff dollars don’t come out of the now on the chopping block. clerk will report. pocket of those who check ‘‘yes’’—any- The Republican budget would elimi- The assistant legislative clerk read more than appropriations bills come nate the only positive step we have as follows: out of the pockets of the Senators who taken in the last 20 years to clean up The Senator from Kentucky [Mr. MCCON- vote for them. our political campaign system—getting NELL] proposes an amendment numbered 1154 Democracy would be aided—not im- special-interest money out of the gen- to amendment No. 1153. periled—by the demise of the Presi- eral election campaigns for President Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I dential fund. Every year, Americans and limiting the amount Presidential ask unanimous consent that the read- vote on this fund, via the tax checkoff. candidates can spend. Now, the Repub- ing of the amendment be dispensed It is the largest single public opinion licans are trying to let the special-in- with. poll conducted annually in this coun- terest, big money back in. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without try, on the popularity of taxpayer fi- The Republican budget would repeal objection, it is so ordered. nancing of campaigns. the Presidential campaign check-off The amendment is as follows: The high water-mark—28.7 percent system. It is a rather simple system. At the appropriate place, insert the fol- checking ‘‘yes’’—was realized on the When you file your income taxes each lowing: 1980 tax returns. It’s been a downward year, you can check off the box at the SEC. . SENSE OF THE SENATE. trajectory since, even though the dol- top of the tax form to have $3 of your It is the sense of the Senate that the as- lar checkoff has itself been eroded by taxes go to finance Presidential cam- sumptions underlying function 800 include inflation and presumably would be an paigns. It is a voluntary system. No the following: that payments to presidential increasingly inexpensive proposition. campaigns from the Presidential Election one has to check it off. No ones taxes Campaign Fund, as authorized by the Fed- Therefore, to get more money out of are affected by the decision. And, the eral Election Campaign Act of 1974, should fewer people, President Clinton’s 1993 only money that goes to Presidential not be used to pay for or augment damage budget/tax bill tripled the checkoff to campaigns is the money that people awards or settlements arising from a civil or $3. The result was a 23-percent decrease check off voluntarily. In exchange for criminal action, or the threat thereof, re- in the checkoff rate—fewer people than taking the money, Presidential can- lated to sexual harassment. ever supporting it—while the total didates must limit how much they Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, amount diverted from the Treasury in- spend. today—on C–SPAN—we answer the creased 258 percent, from $28 million to A simple system. A voluntary sys- question: can we ever get rid of any $71 million. tem. And, yet the system has worked. government program? I can tell you there is no outpouring No more special interest money in the Even if the program is wasteful, even of support among Kentuckians, or resi- general election, and no more runaway if it is a proven failure, even if we’ve dents of any other State, for this pro- spending. been spending taxpayers’ money on it gram. In fact, they are crying out that

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00067 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7348 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 24, 1995 they do not want their tax dollars pay- So the notion that you are precluded What now seems appropriate is not the ing for anyone’s campaign. Not the from reforming a program that you abandonment of private financing, but rath- President’s. Not Lenora Fulani’s. Not have almost no choice but to partici- er the reform of that system in an effort to anybody’s. pate in is absolutely ludicrous, and vastly expand the voluntary participation of And certainly they aren’t interested individual citizens while avoiding the abuses should be ignored. of earlier campaigns. in paying for a campaign that Lyndon But there is another argument LaRouche ran from his prison cell. against reforming the Presidential sys- That is what the Watergate Select Nevertheless, LaRouche received Fed- tem that should not just be ignored—it Committee had to say about the mat- eral matching funds for the Presi- should be condemned. ter. So you can call taxpayer financing dential campaign he conducted while Common Cause—which has perfected of campaigns a Common Cause reform, serving a 15-year sentence for fraud. the art of hysterical, money-grubbing but don’t call it a Watergate reform, Having run in 1980, 1984, 1988, and 1992, direct-mail appeals—issued a letter on because the Senate committee in he’s now planning another run in 1996— May 11 in which it said that opposition charge of formulating a response to the courtesy of the taxpayers. Maybe the to taxpayer financing of Presidential crisis rejected the idea, flat-out. fifth time’s a charm. campaigns is an endorsement of cor- The fact that the Presidential Elec- And then there’s Lenora Fulani—I’m ruption. It went on to charge that a tion Campaign Fund slipped through, hoping to make Ms. Fulani as famous vote for the budget resolution—as is— thereby putting the Government in the as Senator GRAMM has made Dicky is a vote for corruption. business of bribing people to forfeit Flatt; because no one knows who she Over the years, Common Cause has their constitutional rights, is an unfor- is. Well, you may not know Ms. Fulani, dished up so much disinformation on tunate legacy of those tumultuous but you’re paying her campaign bills campaign finance reform, under the years. But just because the fund has through the presidential fund. guise of good government, that even barely survived for two decades—tee- Lenora Fulani is with the New Alli- the Democrats ignore them—or barely tering on the brink of bankruptcy be- ance Party, another household word in tolerate them. They have become a fore President Clinton bailed it out 2 politics. Ms. Fulani is the lucky recipi- parody of their former selves—just an- years ago with taxpayers’ money—does ent of over $3.5 million in taxpayer dol- other self-interested Washington lobby, not justify its perpetuity. lars over the course of three elections— adding to the cacophony of govern- It is the myopia of big-Government 1994, 1988, 1992. ment-bashing, while making a tidy liberals that prevents them from seeing In fact, she’s gotten so good at the sum in the process. But this goes be- that anything could possibly replace a game that she was the first candidate— yond the pale. Government program. So we need to ahead of George Bush, Bill Clinton, and The Presidential Election Campaign answer the question: What would exist all the rest—to qualify for matching Fund is a failed relic from the post-Wa- after the Presidential fund’s demise? funds for the 1992 campaign. Anyone tergate reform era. In fact, most of the Why, a system in which private citi- want to bet there will be another proposals that were enacted in that era zens voluntarily contribute publicly Fulani candidacy in 1996? Who could re- were struck down by the Supreme disclosed and limited donations to the sist millions of dollars in taxpayer lar- Court as wholesale trampling of con- candidates of their choice—in other gesse? stitutional freedoms. So the fact that words, the system contemplated by the As these fringe candidates pro- this system was conceived in the wake Watergate Select Committee. liferate, I can imagine the Presidential of Watergate is not necessarily an im- Perhaps now, 20 years after Water- fund enlisting Ed McMahon to notify pressive pedigree. gate, Congress can finally get it right. all those who qualify that they have But since the proponents of taxpayer Of course, I expect the professional won the grand prize: an all-expense- financing like to invoke Watergate, I’d government-bashers like Common paid Presidential election campaign— like to read directly from the report Cause to say that reverting to a pri- not from Publishers Clearinghouse, but prepared by the Senate Select Com- vately funded Presidential system is from the American taxpayers. mittee on Watergate, which was somehow a guarantee of corruption. Some proponents of taxpayer-fi- charged with making legislative rec- They have been calling the privately fi- nanced campaigns say it is inappro- ommendations to deal with the issues nanced congressional system corrupt priate—even hypocritical—for those raised by this scandal. for years. In their view, the only clean who have participated in the Presi- Recommendation No. 7, which ap- money is the taxpayers’ money. dential system to oppose it. That is ab- pears on page 572 of that report, reads You see, they have this theory that surd. If that were the case—that par- as follows: your hard-earned money is dirty and ticipating in the system is tantamount The committee recommends against the corrupting until it’s been laundered by to endorsing it—then what should be adoption of any form of public financing in said about all those from the other side which tax moneys are collected and allo- the Internal Revenue Service. It’s a who run for the Senate under a system cated to political candidates by the Federal very interesting theory, to say the they want to replace with taxpayer fi- Government. * * * [t]he committee takes least. nancing and spending limits? issue with the contention that public financ- However, we have already pumped Mr. President, playing by the rules as ing affords either an effective or appropriate nearly a billion dollars of the tax- solution. Thomas Jefferson believed ‘to com- they exist does not, nor should it, pre- payers’ money into the Presidential pel a man to furnish contributions of money system, and it has not achieved any of clude anyone from trying to change for the propagation of opinions which he them for the better. I haven’t seen any- disbelieves and abhors, is sinful and tyran- the purported goals of that system. one from the other side volunteer to nical.’ The congressional system, on the other abide by spending limits because they The Committee’s opposition is based, like hand, doesn’t use a dime of taxpayers’ think they’re such a great idea. Is that Jefferson’s, upon the fundamental need to money for political campaigns, and if what is being suggested? protect the voluntary right of individual there are instances where it has bred In the same way, Presidential can- citizens to express themselves politically as corruption, then—as chairman of the didates must participate in the system guaranteed by the first amendment. Further- Senate Ethics Committee—I would like more, we find inherent dangers in author- to hear about them and we will inves- as it is, not as they would like it to be. izing the Federal bureaucracy to fund and That being the case, every single can- excessively regulate political campaigns. tigate them to the fullest. didate running for President but two The abuses reexperienced during the 1972 If the issue really is corruption, then has decided, quite logically, to accept campaign and unearthed by the Select Com- contribution limits and public disclo- the funding—because not to do so mittee were perpetrated in the absence of sure are the best preventive measures— would cede a huge financial advantage any effective regulation of the source, form, not another taxpayer-funded Govern- to other candidates. or amount of campaign contributions. In ment program. Not surprisingly, the only two major fact, despite the progress made by the Fed- But I think the charge of corruption eral Election Campaign Act of 1971, in re- candidates who have turned down this quiring full public disclosure of contribu- here is just a convenient smoke-screen generous subsidy were extremely tions, the 1972 campaign still was funded to maintain the status quo and to let wealthy: millionaire John Connally in through a system of essentially unrestricted, this failed and wasteful system con- 1980 and billionaire Ross Perot in 1992. private financing. tinue in perpetuity.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00068 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7349 I think the real issue before us is This expense item was discovered Byrd Harkin Moynihan whether this Congress, faced with a $4.7 during the course of an audit of the Campbell Hatch Murkowski Chafee Hatfield Murray trillion-dollar debt, will step up to the Clinton campaign which resulted in a Coats Heflin Nickles challenge of eliminating any Govern- recommendation that the campaign Cochran Helms Nunn ment program, even one with as dismal repay to the Treasury a record $4 mil- Cohen Hollings Packwood Conrad Hutchison a record as the failed Presidential sys- lion. The Commission ultimately Pell Coverdell Inhofe Pressler tem. Craig Inouye scaled back the repayment. Along with Pryor D’Amato Jeffords As I said at the outset: despite the items including $180,000 in questionable Reid expenditure of millions of tax dollars, Daschle Johnston petty cash disbursements, $70,000 for DeWine Kassebaum Robb this system has not curbed special in- lost rental cars, computers and other Dodd Kempthorne Rockefeller terests. It has not ended the money equipment, was the $37,500 to settle Dole Kennedy Roth Santorum chase. It has not reduced the emphasis what the campaign termed an ‘‘em- Domenici Kerrey Dorgan Kerry Sarbanes on fundraising. It has not even limited ployment dispute.’’ Exon Kohl Shelby campaign spending, as misguided a The Clinton campaign had listed the Faircloth Kyl Simon goal as that is. expense as consulting fees. How much Feingold Lautenberg Simpson In fact, this Government program is of it was in fact for consulting and how Feinstein Leahy Smith an utter embarrassment: the Federal Ford Levin Snowe much was for keeping quiet, is unclear. Frist Lieberman Specter Election Commission can’t even finish The Washington Post reported on Feb- Glenn Lott Stevens its audits of candidates until they’re ruary 15 of this year that ‘‘. . . given Gorton Lugar Thomas Graham Mack ready to run again. Every candidate ex- the dearth of information the cam- Thompson Gramm McCain Thurmond cept one has been cited for inadvertent Grams paign provided, the FEC has ordered it McConnell Warner Grassley Mikulski violations. Accountants and lawyers to repay $9,675 in Federal funds that Wellstone are blowing open new loopholes every were used in the payment.’’ Gregg Moseley-Braun election that hold the entire system up Mr. President, the confidentiality So the amendment (No. 1154) was to ridicule. clause in the agreement between the agreed to. And what is the money being spent claimant and the Clinton campaign im- The PRESIDING OFFICER. At this on? Convenient balloons. Negative ads. peded the audit and with repayment of time, we will proceed to the vote on Consultants. Opposition research. Just part of the money the Federal Election the adoption of amendment No. 1153, as the things that American taxpayers Commission has reportedly closed the amended. are telling us they want more of. investigation. Considering that tax- Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, is the Will Congress step up to the plate payer funds intended for Presidential pending amendment the Glenn amend- and put at least one wasteful Govern- campaigning are involved, perhaps the ment? ment program out of business? Will matter should be revisited. In any The PRESIDING OFFICER. No, it is Congress let the taxpayers off the event, the Senate should make clear the Exon for Kerry amendment No. hook—just once? Will Congress get rid that taxpayer funds drawn from the 1153. of this exclusive perk for politicians? Presidential Election Campaign Fund Mr. DOMENICI. I do not need to say Inquiring taxpayers want to know. anything. I am going to sit down. It’s time to pull the plug on the tax- should not be used to coverup charges payer-financed Presidential system. It of sexual harassment. VOTE ON AMENDMENT NO. 1153, AS AMENDED should surprise no one that this Repub- Mr. DOMENICI addressed the Chair. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The lican Congress, in pursuant of a bal- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- question is on agreeing to amendment anced budget, should seek to abolish a ator from New Mexico. No. 1153, as amended. proven failure like the Presidential Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, Sen- Mr. McCONNELL. Mr. President, I Election Campaign Fund. This is one ator MCCONNELL’s second-degree ask for the yeas and nays. entitlement program on which the sun amendment is a sense of the Senate The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there a should have set—a long time ago. that Presidential campaign fund mon- sufficient second? eys should not go toward settling sex- There is a sufficient second. SECOND-DEGREE—SEXUAL HARASSMENT However, if the Senator from Massa- ual harassment suits. The yeas and nays were ordered. chusetts prevails in his quest to con- Mr. MCCONNELL. I ask for the yeas The PRESIDING OFFICER. The tinue taxpayer-financing of Presi- and nays. clerk will call the roll. dential campaigns, then at the least we Mr. KERRY. Mr. President, I simply The assistant legislative clerk called should take some steps to reassure tax- would like to say to the manager, we the roll. payers that their money is used for le- are prepared to accept this. We can The result was announced—yeas 56, gitimate campaign purposes. The Pres- save the Senate time and proceed to nays 44, as follows: idential Election Campaign Fund the underlying amendment. [Rollcall Vote No. 194 Leg.] should not be used to quash scandals Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I YEAS—56 would like to have a vote on this. such as allegations of sexual harass- Akaka Feinstein Lugar ment. Such abuse of taxpayer funds Mr. DOMENICI. I ask for the yeas Baucus Ford Mikulski itself impairs public confidence in Gov- and nays. Biden Glenn Moseley-Braun The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there a Bingaman Graham Moynihan ernment. Boxer Harkin sufficient second? Murray The second-degree amendment that I Bradley Heflin Nunn am putting forth simply states: There is a sufficient second. Breaux Hollings Pell The yeas and nays were ordered. Bryan Inouye Pryor It is the sense of the Senate that the as- Bumpers Jeffords Reid sumptions underlying function 800 include The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Byrd Johnston Robb the following: that payments to presidential question is on agreeing to the amend- Campbell Kassebaum Rockefeller campaigns from the Presidential Election ment No. 1154 offered by the Senator Chafee Kennedy Sarbanes Campaign Fund, as authorized by the Fed- from Kentucky [Mr. MCCONNELL]. The Cohen Kerrey Conrad Kerry Simon eral Election Campaign Act of 1974, should yeas and nays have been ordered. The Snowe not be used to pay for or augment damage Daschle Kohl clerk will call the roll. Dodd Lautenberg Specter awards or settlements arising from a civil or The bill clerk called the roll. Dorgan Leahy Stevens criminal action, or the threat thereof, re- Exon Levin Thompson lated to sexual harassment. The result was announced—yeas 100, Feingold Lieberman Wellstone nays 0, as follows: Mr. President, this is not a hypo- NAYS—44 1 [Rollcall Vote No. 193 Leg.] thetical. It came to light—2 ⁄2 years Abraham Cochran Faircloth after the fact—that President Clinton’s YEAS—100 Ashcroft Coverdell Frist 1992 taxpayer-funded Presidential cam- Abraham Biden Breaux Bennett Craig Gorton paign used $37,500 to settle a sexual Akaka Bingaman Brown Bond D’Amato Gramm Ashcroft Bond Bryan Brown DeWine Grams harassment suit against one of the Baucus Boxer Bumpers Burns Dole Grassley then-candidate’s top aides. Bennett Bradley Burns Coats Domenici Gregg

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00069 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7350 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 24, 1995 Hatch Mack Santorum In lieu of the language proposed to be prior to 5:15. I think it is a good sugges- Hatfield McCain Shelby stricken insert the following: tion and I hope we can accommodate Helms McConnell Simpson SEC. 209. REPEAL OF IRS ALLOWANCE. Hutchison Murkowski Smith it. (a) Section 25 of House Concurrent Resolu- Inhofe Nickles Thomas The VICE PRESIDENT. Is there ob- Kempthorne Packwood Thurmond tion 218 (103d Congress, 2d Session) is re- jection? Without objection, it is so or- Kyl Pressler Warner pealed. Lott Roth (b) It is the sense of the Senate that the dered. So the amendment (No. 1153), as revenue levels contained in the budget reso- Mr. STEVENS. Which one are we vot- amended, was agreed to. lution should assume passage of the ‘‘Tax- ing on now? Mr. FORD. Mr. President, I move to payers Bill of Rights 2’’ and that the Senate The VICE PRESIDENT. The Senator should pass the Taxpayers Bill of Rights 2 from Nebraska. reconsider the vote. this Congress. Mr. EXON. Mr. President, I move to (c) It is the sense of the Senate that fund- Mr. EXON. Mr. President, the second- lay that motion on the table. ing for tax compliance efforts should be a top degree amendment strikes language in The motion to lay on the table was priority and that the assumptions under- the Grassley-Domenici amendment agreed to. lying the functional totals in this resolution which would restructure the IRS com- AMENDMENT NO. 1155 include the administration’s full request for pliance initiative placing it within the the Internal Revenue Service. (Purpose: To restore the IRS compliance budget caps. initiative) The VICE PRESIDENT. The Senator The VICE PRESIDENT. The Senator Mr. EXON. Mr. President, I send an from New Mexico. from New Mexico. amendment to the desk and ask for its Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, this Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, the immediate consideration. amendment repeals the special off- second-degree amendment returns the The VICE PRESIDENT. The clerk budget treatment of the IRS compli- situation to where it was before I of- will report. ance initiative. The budget resolution fered my amendment, which means The legislative clerk read as follows: already provides full funding of the ini- that if this amendment is adopted, the The Senator from Nebraska [Mr. EXON], for tiative within the discretionary caps. IRS will continue to have special off- Mr. GLENN and Mr. SIMON, proposes an I ask for the yeas and nays. budget treatment of their budget in- amendment numbered 1155. The VICE PRESIDENT. Is there a stead of it being included in the budget The amendment is as follows: sufficient second? like others. On page 79, strike lines 1 through 3. There is a sufficient second. The VICE PRESIDENT. The question The yeas and nays were ordered. is on the second-degree amendment. Mr. EXON. Mr. President, this Several Senators addressed the amendment would restore the budget Chair. VOTE ON MOTION TO TABLE AMENDMENT NO. 1157 TO AMENDMENT NO. 1156 structure of the IRS compliance initia- The VICE PRESIDENT. The Senator tive which now is established in last from Ohio. Mr. DOMENICI. I move to table the year’s budget resolution with bipar- second-degree amendment. Mr. Presi- AMENDMENT NO. 1157 TO AMENDMENT NO. 1156 tisan support. The initiative was estab- dent, I ask for the yeas and nays. Mr. GLENN. Mr. President, I send an lished off budget because of its return The VICE PRESIDENT. Is there a amendment to the desk in the second of $5 for every $1 spent. This budget sufficient second? degree and ask for its immediate con- resolution would change that struc- There is a sufficient second. ture, placing the IRS initiative under sideration. The VICE PRESIDENT. The clerk The yeas and nays were ordered. the spending caps. The VICE PRESIDENT. The clerk The amendment strikes that lan- will report. The legislative clerk read as follows: will call the roll. guage to ensure that the compliance The legislative clerk called the roll. initiative will be fully funded at $9.2 The Senator from Ohio [Mr. GLENN] pro- The result was announced—yeas 58, billion over 5 years and delinquent poses an amendment numbered 1157 to amendment No. 1156. nays 42, as follows: taxes brought to the Treasury. The VICE PRESIDENT. The Senator Mr. GLENN. Mr. President, I ask [Rollcall Vote No. 195 Leg.] from New Mexico. unanimous consent that reading of the YEAS—58 Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I do amendment be dispensed with. Abraham Feingold McConnell not object to the statement, but frank- The VICE PRESIDENT. Without ob- Ashcroft Frist Murkowski ly I hope we will exchange statements jection, it is so ordered. Baucus Gorton Nickles The amendment is as follows: Bennett Gramm Packwood in the future. That statement is a little Bingaman Grams In the pending amendment, strike lines 1– Pressler more editorialized comment than I Brown Grassley 3. Pryor thought we would have, but nonethe- Bumpers Gregg Roth The VICE PRESIDENT. The majority Burns Hatch Santorum less it has been done. Campbell Hatfield Shelby leader is recognized. Chafee Heflin AMENDMENT NO. 1156 Simpson UNANIMOUS-CONSENT AGREEMENT Coats Helms (Purpose: To retain the budget resolution’s Smith Mr. DOLE. Mr. President, I have had Cochran Hutchison prohibition against off-budget funding for Cohen Inhofe Snowe the IRS and add a Sense of the Senate that discussion with the distinguished Coverdell Kassebaum Specter the Senate should pass the ‘‘Taxpayers Bill Democratic leader. I would like to Craig Kempthorne Stevens of Rights 2’’) enter into a unanimous-consent agree- D’Amato Kyl Thomas Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I send ment. I understand the amendments DeWine Lott Thompson Dole Lugar Thurmond an amendment in the nature of a sub- have climbed to 50, so there will be 50 Domenici Mack Warner stitute on behalf of myself and Senator votes. We started at 31, got down to 20, Faircloth McCain GRASSLEY to the desk and ask for its and now it has gotten up to 50. NAYS—42 immediate consideration. So I ask unanimous consent that the Akaka Ford Levin The VICE PRESIDENT. The clerk only first-degree amendments in order Biden Glenn Lieberman will report. to the budget resolution be those sub- Bond Graham Mikulski The assistant legislative clerk read mitted by 5:15 this evening. Boxer Harkin Moseley-Braun as follows: Bradley Hollings Moynihan Is there objection to that? Breaux Inouye Murray The Senator from New Mexico [Mr. DOMEN- Mr. FORD. What about second de- Bryan Jeffords Nunn ICI], for himself and Mr. GRASSLEY, proposes gree? Byrd Johnston Pell an amendment numbered 1156. Mr. DOLE. This only applies to first Conrad Kennedy Reid Daschle Kerrey Robb Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I ask degree. Dodd Kerry Rockefeller unanimous consent that reading of the Mr. DASCHLE. We have been dis- Dorgan Kohl Sarbanes amendment be dispensed with. cussing this agreement. This would not Exon Lautenberg Simon The VICE PRESIDENT. Without ob- preclude second-degree amendments. Feinstein Leahy Wellstone jection, it is so ordered. The sponsors of the amendments would So the amendment (No. 1157) was The amendment is as follows: have to turn them in to the managers agreed to.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00070 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7351 Mr. GORTON. Mr. President, I move The assistant legislative clerk pro- The Senator from Kansas [Mr. DOLE] pro- to reconsider the vote by which the ceeded to call the roll. poses an amendment numbered 1159 to amendment was agreed to. Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I ask amendment No. 1158. Mr. LOTT. I move to lay that motion unanimous consent that the order for The amendment is as follows: on the table. the quorum call be rescinded. In the pending amendment strike all after The motion to lay on the table was The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without the words ‘‘It is the sense-of-the-Congress’’ agreed to. objection, it is so ordered. and insert the following: ‘‘That no member of Congress or the executive branch may use AMENDMENT NO. 1156 Mr. DOMENICI. Are we prepared to campaign funds or privately donated funds The VICE PRESIDENT. The question vote? Mr. EXON. We are prepared for the to defend against sexual harassment law- recurs on amendment No. 1156 offered suits.’’ by the Senator from New Mexico. vote. I asked for the yeas and nays. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The The question is on agreeing to the The PRESIDING OFFICER. The yeas question is on agreeing to the amend- amendment. and nays have been ordered. ment. The amendment (No. 1156) was agreed Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I Mr. DOLE. Mr. President, I ask for to. move to lay the amendment on the The VICE PRESIDENT. The adoption table. the yeas and nays. of the Domenici amendment renders Mr. President, I ask for the yeas and The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there a the underlying amendment moot. nays. sufficient second? Mr. GORTON addressed the Chair. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there a There is sufficient second. The VICE PRESIDENT. The Senator sufficient second? The yeas and nays were ordered. from Washington. There is a sufficient second. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Mr. GORTON. I am authorized to The yeas and nays were ordered. clerk will call the roll. make an announcement by the major- VOTE ON MOTION TO LAY ON THE TABLE The assistant legislative clerk called ity leader that there will be no further AMENDMENT NO. 1158 the roll. votes until 5 p.m. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The The result was announced—yeas 55, nays 45, as follows: f question is on agreeing to the motion to lay on the table amendment No. [Rollcall Vote No. 197 Leg.] RECESS 1158. YEAS—55 The VICE PRESIDENT. Under the The clerk will call the roll. Abraham Frist McCain previous order, the Senate will stand in The legislative clerk called the roll. Ashcroft Gorton McConnell recess until 5 p.m. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Are there Bennett Graham Murkowski any other Senators in the Chamber Bond Gramm Nickles Whereupon, at 4:19 p.m., the Senate Brown Grams who desire to vote? Pressler recessed until 5 p.m.; whereupon, the Burns Grassley Roth Senate reassembled when called to The result was announced—yeas 1, Byrd Gregg Santorum order by the Presiding Officer (Mr. JEF- nays 99, as follows: Campbell Hatch Shelby Chafee Hatfield Simpson FORDS). [Rollcall Vote No. 196 Leg.] Coats Helms Smith The PRESIDING OFFICER. The ma- YEAS—1 Cochran Hutchison Snowe Cohen Inhofe jority manager of the bill is recog- Packwood Specter nized. Coverdell Jeffords NAYS—99 Craig Kassebaum Stevens AMENDMENT NO. 1158 D’Amato Kempthorne Thomas Abraham Feingold Lott Mr. EXON. Mr. President, on behalf DeWine Kyl Thompson Akaka Feinstein Lugar Dole Lott Thurmond of Senators BOXER, MURRAY, LAUTEN- Ashcroft Ford Mack Domenici Lugar Warner BERG, and FEINSTEIN, I send an amend- Baucus Frist McCain Faircloth Mack Bennett Glenn McConnell ment to the desk and ask for its imme- Biden Gorton Mikulski NAYS—45 diate consideration. Bingaman Graham Moseley-Braun Akaka Feinstein Lieberman Bond Gramm Moynihan The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Baucus Ford Mikulski Boxer Grams Murkowski clerk will report. Biden Glenn Moseley-Braun Bradley Grassley Murray Bingaman Harkin Moynihan The assistant legislative clerk read Breaux Gregg Nickles Boxer Heflin Murray as follows: Brown Harkin Nunn Bradley Hollings Nunn Bryan Hatch Pell The Senator from Nebraska [Mr. EXON], for Breaux Inouye Packwood Bumpers Hatfield Pressler Mrs. BOXER, for herself, Mrs. MURRAY, Mr. Bryan Johnston Pell Burns Heflin Pryor Bumpers Kennedy Pryor LAUTENBERG, and Mrs. FEINSTEIN, proposes Byrd Helms Reid Conrad Kerrey Reid an amendment numbered 1158. Campbell Hollings Robb Daschle Kerry Robb Chafee Hutchison Rockefeller Mr. EXON. Mr. President, I ask unan- Dodd Kohl Rockefeller Coats Inhofe Roth Dorgan Lautenberg Sarbanes imous consent that reading of the Cochran Inouye Santorum Exon Leahy Simon amendment be dispensed with. Cohen Jeffords Sarbanes Feingold Levin Wellstone The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Conrad Johnston Shelby objection, it is so ordered. Coverdell Kassebaum Simon So the amendment (No. 1159) was Craig Kempthorne Simpson agreed to. The amendment is as follows: D’Amato Kennedy Smith At the appropriate place add the following: Daschle Kerrey Snowe Mr. DOLE. Mr. President, I move to ‘‘It is the sense of Congress that no Member DeWine Kerry Specter reconsider the vote by which the of Congress may use campaign funds to de- Dodd Kohl Stevens amendment was agreed to. Dole Kyl Thomas fend against sexual harassment lawsuits.’’ Domenici Lautenberg Thompson Mr. DOMENICI. I move to lay that Mr. EXON. Mr. President, this a Dorgan Leahy Thurmond motion on the table. sense of the Congress that no Member Exon Levin Warner The motion to lay on the table was Faircloth Lieberman Wellstone of Congress may use campaign funds to agreed to. defend against sexual harassment law- So the motion to lay on the table the Mr. BROWN. Parliamentary inquiry, suits. amendment (No. 1158) was rejected. Mr. President. Is it true that the unan- Mr. President, I ask for the yeas and AMENDMENT NO. 1159 TO AMENDMENT NO. 1158 imous consent agreement that we are nays. Mr. DOLE addressed the Chair. operating under required any further The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there a The PRESIDING OFFICER. The ma- amendments to be considered by this sufficient second? jority leader is recognized. body—first-degree amendments—to be There is a sufficient second. Mr. DOLE. I send a second-degree considered by this body to be presented The yeas and nays were ordered. amendment to the desk. to the managers of the bill by 5:15? Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I sug- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- gest the absence of a quorum. clerk will report. ator is correct. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The The assistant legislative clerk read Mr. BROWN. Is it then true that be- clerk will call the roll. as follows: cause none of those amendments have

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00071 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7352 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 24, 1995 been delivered by 5:15, no further first- Mr. EXON. Mr. President, I ask unan- (b) POINT OF ORDER.— degree amendments are in order to the imous consent that reading of the (1) IN GENERAL.— bill? amendment be dispensed with. (A) Notwithstanding any other rule of the Senate, except as provided in subparagraph Mr. President, I note that it is now The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without (B), it shall not be in order in the Senate to 5:39 and that as of 5:15 none of the objection, it is so ordered. consider any bill or joint resolution (or any amendments had been presented. The amendment is as follows: amendment thereto or conference report The PRESIDING OFFICER. The On page 63, strike beginning with line 8, thereon) that increases the statutory limit amendments were to be presented to though page 65, line 5, and insert the fol- on the public debt during a fiscal year above the managers of the bill, not the clerk. lowing: ‘‘The Senate Committee on Finance the level set forth as appropriate for such fis- Mr. BROWN. Do we have any indica- shall report changes in laws within its juris- cal year in the concurrent resolution on the tion that those amendments were in- diction that increase the statutory limit on budget for such fiscal year agreed to under deed presented by 5:15? the public debt to the amount set forth for section 301 of the Congressional Budget Act the public debt for fiscal year 1996 in section of 1974. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The 2(5), of this resolution. (B) Subparagraph (A) shall not apply to chair does not know what amendments ‘‘(8) COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN RELATIONS.— any reconciliation bill or reconciliation reso- have been submitted to either of the The Senate Committee on Foreign Relations lution reported pursuant to section 310(b) of managers. shall report changes in laws within its juris- the Congressional Budget Act of 1974 during Mr. EXON. You can get the word of diction that provide direct spending to re- any fiscal year (or any conference report the two managers, if that will suffice duce outlays $0 in fiscal year 1996, $0 for the thereon) that contains a provision that— for the distinguished Senator from Col- period of fiscal years 1996 through 2000, and (i) increases the statutory limit on the orado. $0 for the period of fiscal years 1996 through public debt pursuant to a directive of the type described in section 310(a)(3) of such Mr. BROWN. Mr. President, I do not 2002. ‘‘(9) COMMITTEE ON GOVERNMENTAL AF- Act; and mean to obstruct proceedings but I FAIRS.—The Senate Committee on Govern- (ii) becomes effective on or after the first have been trying to get copies of mental Affairs shall report changes in laws day of the following fiscal year. amendments after 5:15. I have asked within its jurisdiction that provide direct (2) PROHIBITION ON STRIKING PROPER DEBT the managers, and they are still not spending to reduce outlays $118,000,000 in fis- LIMIT CHANGES.—Notwithstanding any other available. If amendments are not made cal year 1996, $3,023,000,000 for the period of rule of the Senate, it shall not be in order in available, I intend to make a point of fiscal years 1996 through 2000, and the Senate to consider any amendment to a $6,871,000,000 for the period of fiscal years reconciliation bill or resolution that would order against amendments offered from strike a provision reported pursuant to a di- this point forward. 1996 through 2002. ‘‘(10) COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY.—The rective of the type described in section AMENDMENT NO. 1158, AS AMENDED Senate Committee on the Judiciary shall re- 310(a)(3) of the Congressional Budget Act of The PRESIDING OFFICER. The port changes in laws within its jurisdiction 1974. pending measure is amendment No. that provide direct spending to reduce out- (3) WAIVERS.—This section may be waived 1158, as amended. lays $119,000,000 in fiscal year 1996, or suspended in the Senate by a roll call vote Mr. BROWN. Parliamentary inquiry, $923,000,000 for the period of fiscal years 1996 of a majority of the Members, duly chosen and sworn. Mr. President. Was this amendment through 2000, and $1,483,000,000 for the period of fiscal years 1996 through 2002. (c) EXERCISE OF RULEMAKING POWERS.—The presented to the managers prior to ‘‘(11) COMMITTEE ON LABOR AND HUMAN RE- Senate adopts the provisions of this title— 5:15? SOURCES.—The Senate Committee on Labor (1) as an exercise of the rulemaking power Mr. EXON. Mr. President, it was. and Human Resources shall report changes of the Senate, and as such they shall be con- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The in laws within its jurisdiction that provide sidered as part of the rules of the Senate, amendment was offered prior to 5:15. direct spending to reduce outlays and such rules shall supersede other rules Mr. BROWN. I thank the Chair. $1,141,000,000 in fiscal year 1996, $9,165,000,000 only to the extent that they are inconsistent The PRESIDING OFFICER. The for the period of fiscal years 1996 through therewith; and (2) with full recognition of the constitu- question is on agreeing to amendment 2000, and $13,795,000,000 for the period of fiscal years 1996 through 2002. tional right of the Senate to change those No. 1158, as amended. rules (so far as they relate to the Senate) at The amendment (No. 1158), as amend- ‘‘(12) COMMITTEE ON RULES AND ADMINIS- TRATION.—The Senate Committee on Rules any time, in the same manner, and to the ed, was agreed to. and Administration shall report changes in same extent as in the case of any other rule Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I laws within its jurisdiction that provide di- of the Senate. move to reconsider the vote. rect spending to reduce outlays $2,000,000 in Mr. EXON. Mr. President, this Mr. EXON. I move to lay that motion fiscal year 1996, $280,000,000 for the period of amendment is offered by myself. It cre- on the table. fiscal years 1996 through 2000, and $319,000,000 ates a majority vote point of order The motion to lay on the table was for the period of fiscal years 1996 through against legislation which increases the agreed to. 2002. public debt beyond that set forth in the ‘‘(13) COMMITTEE ON VETERANS’ AFFAIRS.— The PRESIDING OFFICER. We have budget resolution. It is something that been very liberal regarding the time on The Senate Committee on Veterans’ Affairs shall report changes in laws within its juris- we discussed in the committee. votes. We were 5 minutes over on that diction that provide direct spending to re- Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, the last vote. duce outlays $301,000,000 in fiscal year 1996, pending amendment is not germane to I urge all Members to stay in the $5,760,000,000 for the period of fiscal years the provisions of the budget resolution Chamber, or close to the Chamber, so 1996 through 2000, and $10,002,000,000 for the pursuant to 305(b). I raise a point of we can get finished in a more orderly period of fiscal years 1996 through 2002. order against the pending amendment. and quicker fashion. TITLE II—BUDGETARY RESTRAINTS AND Mr. EXON. Mr. President, pursuant Mr. EXON. Is it in order to proceed RULEMAKING to section 904 of the Congressional now in a semi-orderly fashion with SEC. 200. LIMITING INCREASES IN THE STATU- Budget Act of 1974, I move to waive amendments that are properly of TORY LIMIT ON THE PUBLIC DEBT. that act for the consideration of the record? (a) RECONCILIATION DIRECTIVES WITH RE- pending amendment. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Amend- SPECT TO PUBLIC DEBT LIMIT.— I ask for the yeas and nays. ments are in order. (1) BUDGET RESOLUTION.—Any concurrent resolution on the budget for a fiscal year The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there a AMENDMENT NO. 1160 that contains directives of the type described sufficient second? (Purpose: To limit increases in the public in paragraph (1) or (2) of section 310(a) of the There is a sufficient second. debt) Congressional Budget Act of 1974 for such fis- The yeas and nays are ordered. Mr. EXON. Mr. President, I send an cal year shall also include a directive of the VOTE ON MOTION TO WAIVE THE BUDGET ACT amendment to the desk and ask for its type described in paragraph (3) of that sub- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The immediate consideration. section for that fiscal year. question occurs on agreeing to the mo- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The (2) RECONCILIATION.—Any change in the tion to waive the Budget Act. statutory limit on the public debt that is clerk will report. recommended pursuant to a directive of the The clerk will call the roll. The assistant legislative clerk read type described in paragraph (3) of section The bill clerk called the roll. as follows: 310(a) shall be included in the reconciliation The PRESIDING OFFICER. Are there The Senator from Nebraska [Mr. EXON] legislation reported pursuant to section any other Senators in the Chamber de- proposes an amendment numbered 1160. 310(b) for that fiscal year. siring to vote?

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00072 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7353 The yeas and nays resulted—yeas 40, ment which will enable Congress to im- Hatch Lugar Shelby nays 60, as follows: prove our welfare system rather than Hatfield Mack Simpson Helms McCain Smith [Rollcall Vote No. 198 Leg.] dismantle it. Under the amendment, Hutchison McConnell Snowe YEAS—40 Aid to Families with Dependent Chil- Inhofe Murkowski Specter dren will remain a Federal entitlement Jeffords Nickles Stevens Akaka Ford Lieberman Kassebaum Nunn Baucus Glenn Mikulski program. Thomas Kempthorne Packwood Thompson Biden Graham Moseley-Braun Kohl Pressler The amendment will, over 7 years, re- Thurmond Boxer Harkin Moynihan Kyl Roth store $55 billion to the income security Warner Bradley Heflin Murray Lott Santorum Breaux Hollings Pell programs, including Aid to Families Bryan Inouye Pryor with Dependent Children, supplemental The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. Bumpers Johnston Reid security income and unemployment in- THOMPSON). On this vote the yeas are Conrad Kerrey Robb Daschle Kerry surance under the jurisdiction of the 41, and the nays are 59. Three-fifths of Rockefeller Dorgan Kohl Finance Committee. the Senators duly chosen and sworn Simon Exon Lautenberg not having voted in the affirmative, Wellstone The amendment is deficit neutral. It Feingold Leahy the motion is rejected. The point of Feinstein Levin is financed in part by the fiscal divi- dend that will accrue to the Federal order is sustained, and the amendment NAYS—60 Government if we balance the budget. falls. Abraham Faircloth McCain Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I Ashcroft Frist McConnell move to reconsider the vote by which Bennett Gorton Murkowski might say to my friend, Senator EXON, Bingaman Gramm Nickles I thought matters might get better the motion was rejected. Bond Grams Nunn after the last one, but they are getting Mr. EXON. I move to lay that motion Brown Grassley Packwood worse. Maybe we will have to jointly on the table. Burns Gregg Pressler The motion to lay on the table was Byrd Hatch Roth look at some of these. Campbell Hatfield Santorum I would just say from our side what agreed to. Chafee Helms Sarbanes this does is take $55 billion of the re- AMENDMENT NO. 1162 Coats Hutchison Shelby Cochran Inhofe Simpson serve fund that we have in contingency (Purpose: To express the sense of the Senate Cohen Jeffords Smith and it would spend it for an entitle- on the importance of research, technology, Coverdell Kassebaum Snowe ment under AFDC. and trade promotion and trade law enforce- Craig Kempthorne Specter ment programs) D’Amato Kennedy Stevens Mr. President, the pending amend- DeWine Kyl Thomas ment is not germane to the provisions Mr. EXON. Mr. President, I send an Dodd Lott Thompson of the budget resolution pursuant to amendment to the desk and ask for its Dole Lugar Thurmond 305(b) of the act. I raise a point of order immediate consideration. Domenici Mack Warner against the pending amendment. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The The PRESIDING OFFICER. On this Mr. EXON. Mr. President, pursuant clerk will report. question, the yeas are 40, the nays are to section 904 of the Congressional The legislative clerk read as follows: 60. Three-fifths of the Senators duly Budget Act of 1974, I move to waive the The Senator from Nebraska [Mr. EXON], for chosen and sworn not having voted in act for consideration of the pending Mr. BINGAMAN, for himself, Mr. LIEBERMAN, the affirmative, the motion is rejected. amendment. Mr. ROCKEFELLER, Mr. BIDEN, Mr. HOLLINGS, Mr. BYRD, Mr. KERRY, Mr. DODD, and Mr. The point of order is sustained and Mr. President, I ask for the yeas and the amendment falls. PRYOR, proposes an amendment numbered nays. 1162. AMENDMENT NO. 1161 The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there a The amendment is as follows: (Purpose: To restore funding to the AFDC sufficient second? At the end of the concurrent resolution, and JOBS programs by using amounts set There is a sufficient second. aside for a tax cut) add the following: The yeas and nays were ordered. Mr. EXON. Mr. President, I send an SEC. . SENSE OF THE SENATE ON THE IMPOR- VOTE ON MOTION TO WAIVE THE BUDGET ACT TANCE OF RESEARCH, TECH- amendment to the desk and ask for its NOLOGY, AND TRADE PROMOTION immediate consideration The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- AND TRADE LAW ENFORCEMENT The PRESIDING OFFICER. The ate is reminded this is a 9-minute vote. PROGRAMS. clerk will report. I intend to close the vote at 9 minutes. (a) FINDINGS.—The Senate finds that— The bill clerk read as follows: The question is on the motion to (1) the public welfare, economy, and na- The Senator from Nebraska [Mr. EXON] for waive the Budget Act. The yeas and tional security of the United States have Mr. MOYNIHAN, proposes an amendment num- nays have been ordered. benefited enormously from the investments the Federal Government has made over the bered 1161. The clerk will call the roll. The amendment is as follows: past fifty years in research, technology, and The legislative clerk called the roll. trade promotion and trade law enforcement; On page 74, strike lines 12 through 24 and The yeas and nays resulted, yeas 41, (2) these investments are even more impor- insert the following: ‘‘budget, the appro- nays 59, as follows: tant at the dawn of the twenty-first century priate budgetary allocations, aggregates, and in order to insure that future generations of levels shall be revised to reflect [Rollcall Vote No. 199 Leg.] Americans can remain at the forefront of ex- $55,000,000,000 in budget authority and out- YEAS—41 ploring the endless scientific and techno- lays of the additional deficit reduction Akaka Feinstein Lieberman logical frontier in the face of ever greater achieved as calculated under subsection (c) Biden Glenn Mikulski challenges from abroad and thereby main- for legislation that retains AFDC as a Fed- Bingaman Graham Moseley-Braun tain and improve their health, standard of eral entitlement and restores budget author- Boxer Harkin Moynihan living, and national security; and Bradley Heflin Murray ity and outlays for other income security (3) enforcement of United States trade laws programs. Breaux Hollings Pell Bryan Inouye and promotion of United States exports, es- ‘‘(b) REVISED ALLOCATIONS AND AGGRE- Pryor Bumpers Johnston Reid pecially programs in support of small and GATES.—Upon the reporting of legislation Conrad Kennedy Robb medium sized businesses, serve an invaluable pursuant to subsection (a), and again upon Daschle Kerrey Rockefeller function in creating jobs, promoting na- the submission of a conference report on Dodd Kerry Sarbanes tional economic growth, and allowing Amer- such legislation (if a conference report is Dorgan Lautenberg Simon ican workers and businesses to have the re- submitted), the Chair of the Committee on Exon Leahy Wellstone sources to compete in an ever more competi- the Budget of the Senate may submit to the Feingold Levin tive global economy. Senate appropriately revised allocations NAYS—59 (b) SENSE OF THE SENATE.—It is the sense under sections 302(a) and 602(a) of the Con- Abraham Chafee Domenici of the Senate that, in the assumptions for gressional Budget Act of 1974, budgetary ag- Ashcroft Coats Faircloth the overall accounts, it is assumed that— gregates, and levels under this resolution, re- Baucus Cochran Ford (1) in allocating discretionary spending in vised by an amount that does not exceed the Bennett Cohen Frist fiscal years 1996 through 2002 within the dis- Bond Coverdell Gorton additional deficit reduction specified under cretionary spending limits established in subsection(d).’’. Brown Craig Gramm Burns D’Amato Grams section 201, the Committee on Appropria- Mr. EXON. Mr. President, Senator Byrd DeWine Grassley tions will make it a high priority to main- MOYNIHAN has proposed this amend- Campbell Dole Gregg tain the overall fiscal year 1995 investment

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00073 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7354 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 24, 1995 level (without adjustment for inflation) in that served as the basis of a social [From the New York Times, May 22, 1995] research, technology and trade promotion, compact between government and the G.O.P. BUDGET CUTS WOULD FALL HARD ON and trade law enforcement programs; and research community for the last half CIVILIAN SCIENCE (2) the conferees on the concurrent budget resolution will not agree to any revenue re- century. BASIC RESEARCH AT RISK ductions below current law unless the discre- For the past half century, the Fed- EXPERTS FORESEE A CRIPPLING OF SCIENCE tionary spending limits established in the eral Government has acted on that vi- ESTABLISHMENT AND LAYOFFS AT UNIVERSITIES conference report will permit the Committee sion to foster a science and technology (By William J. Broad) on Appropriations to achieve the goal estab- enterprise in this country second to The glory days of the Federal science es- lished in paragraph (1). none. Government research funds have tablishment may be over, science leaders Mr. BINGAMAN. Mr. President, this helped conquer diseases, win the cold fear, as cuts proposed by Republicans to wipe amendment expresses the sense of the war, and spur incredible advances in out the budget deficit fall hard on civilian Senate that it should be a high priority research. electronics, computers, molecular biol- Under the cuts, annual appropriations for to maintain the overall fiscal year 1995 ogy, communications, and materials investment level, without adjustment nonmilitary research might drop to about science. These advances enrich our $25 billion by 2000 from the current level of for inflation, in research, technology, daily lives and are at the heart of our $32 billion, for total reductions of $24 billion trade promotion, and trade law en- nation’s status as an economic and or more over the period. forcement programs over the next 7 military superpower. At risk is the type of Government-financed years. basic science that has put men on the moon, The amendment further expresses the It is not an accident that American explored the deep sea, unlocked the atom, sense of the Senate that the conferees industries from aerospace to agri- cured cancers, found the remains of lost civ- should not agree to any tax cuts below culture to pharmaceuticals in which ilizations, tracked earthquake faults, and current law unless the discretionary the Federal Government has made sub- discovered the chemistry of life, among spending limits in the conference re- stantial research investments enjoy other feats. world leadership. Specific casualties of the cuts might in- port permit the achievement of the clude atom smashers, new weather satellites, above goal. As we enter the 21st century, we can space probes and dozens of large Federal lab- The GOP budget will reduce civilian not afford a Luddite approach. The sci- oratories that study everything from solar research and technology programs to a entific and technogical frontier is still power to violent storms. four decade low as a percentage of GDP endless. We risk condemning our chil- Republicans say their goal is to trim fat and Federal spending. By 2002, Federal dren and grandchildren to a less pros- and corporate welfare rather than cripple civilian research will be 0.26 percent of perous, less healthy, and less secure fu- basic science, which economists agree is a gross domestic product. The Bingaman ture if we follow the course in the powerful engine for promoting economic growth and high standards of living. amendment would effectively urge that budget resolution. Representative Robert S. Walker, a Repub- this be raised to 0.31 percent of GDP. The Bingaman amendment is in- lican of Pennsylvania who is chairman of the For comparison purposes in 1969, the tended to provoke a debate and to House Science Committee, said this month last year we balanced the budget, civil- serve as a warning. It does not fix the that the proposed budget would keep ‘‘a ro- ian research was 0.76 percent of GDP. problem. Even if its prescription is fol- bust science policy while providing for the fundamental science base we need to move The lowest it ever was in the Reagan lowed, we will still be spending half of years was 0.38 percent of GDP in 1986. forward.’’ what our rivals spend in 2002. But it is But Democrats and private experts say the It is currently 0.46 percent of GDP. No a step in the right direction, a finger in one can claim that it is research that cuts would undo the Federal science estab- a breaking dike. lishment, crippling parts of it beyond repair. has caused our deficit. Quite the con- To be sure, science leaders in past budget trary. Almost every economist believes If action is not taken to deal with this, we will lose a generation of re- battles, clearly working in their own self-in- our investments in civilian research terest, have been known to exaggerate how pay for themselves many times over in search and a generation of young re- painful reductions might be. And some pain economic growth and the taxes that searchers who will choose other profes- might be averted as Democrats and Federal corporations pay on the fruits of our sions. We will not be able to recover for agencies fight the cuts, or if President Clin- federally supported scientific enter- years from this damage once the pen- ton successfully vetoes spending bills. prise. dulum swings back in favor of Federal Even so, the momentum for change is now research investments as it will when so great that many private experts, as well The governments of other industri- as Democrats, say Federal support of civilian alized nations, such as Japan and Ger- the full damage of the GOP budget be- comes clear. science is destined to weaken and shrink no many, invest about six-tenths of 1 per- matter what, its budget declining by as cent of GDP in civilian research. We Almost a century ago in 1899 the head much as a third if inflation is taken into ac- are already below them, even if you in- of the Patent Office, Charles Duell, count. Such cuts portend wide changes in clude the Pentagon’s dual-use basic proposed to close up shop because ‘‘ev- American science and American life. and applied research investments. And erything that can be invented has been ‘‘Any sensible person knows you have to we are pointing under the GOP budget invented.’’ Luckily we did not follow make prudent investments to get ahead,’’ Representative George E. Brown, Jr., a Dem- to spending less than half of what our such Know-Nothing advice as we pre- ocrat of California and former chairman of economic rivals spend. pared for the 20th century. A half cen- the House Science Committee, said in an The cuts in Federal support of civil- tury later Vannevar Bush laid out his interview last week. ‘‘But the Government ian research will not be made up by the vision for the Federal role in science doesn’t. We’re dominated by fools.’’ private sector. The reason: they have and technology. Agency heads, university officials and pri- an ever-shorter focus and an ever Now we face a choice again between vate experts say the fabric of science is like- greater unwillingness to invest in long- ly to fray widely as the Republican jug- these competing visions, Duell’s and gernaut rolls forward and as the Clinton Ad- term research projects, the benefits of Bush’s. We must reject the notion the which are uncertain and usually not ministration makes its own cuts in an at- endless frontier is over, that every in- tempt to regain lost political ground. capturable by a single firm. vention has been made, and continue to ‘‘Nationally, there’s been a massive stick- Every other nation is following the commit to a brighter future for our ing of heads in the sand, of not looking at American model of the last half cen- children. We cannot afford to short- the problem,’’ said John Wiley, provost at tury. They are seeking to invest more, change research if the 21st century is the University of Wisconsin in Madison, one not less, in civilian research. to be an American century as the 20th of the nation’s top science schools. ‘‘There’s Our model has succeeded. It put men going to be a price of pay.’’ century was. on the Moon, revolutionized medicine, Experts say the repercussions could in- developed computers, communications, I ask unanimous consent that several clude the abandoning of much long-term en- and advanced materials unimagined a newspaper articles be printed in the vironmental monitoring, the virtual end of RECORD. applied research to aid corporations, layoffs half century ago. Vannevar Bush, the at colleges and universities, and a flight of giant of the post-World War II genera- There being no objection, the articles students from scientific careers. tion, predicted just this in his mono- were ordered to be printed in the ‘‘We don’t want to get so lost in the frenzy graph ‘‘Science: the Endless Frontier’’ RECORD, as follows: to balance the budget that we throw babies

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00074 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7355 out with the bath water,’’ John H. Gibbons, and still sending back data more than two patron of university research, would also get President Clinton’s science adviser and di- decades after it was launched. some preferential treatment. Its $11.3 billion rector of the White House Office of Science ‘‘A lot more than Pioneer will go,’’ NASA’s budget would drop slightly in 1996 and then and Technology Policy, said in an interview. Administrator, Daniel S. Goldin, said in an freeze. Even without severe reductions, how- ‘‘What ever the reduction is—a quarter or interview. ever, N.I.H. officials say their programs a third—it’s big, and it’s a reversal of histor- The Republicans would squeeze a series of would be devastated by inflation. ical trends,’’ he added, referring to how Re- planned satellites for global climate moni- For the nation’s system of big research publican cuts would end years of budget toring, trimming the budget by $2.7 billion, universities, said Dr. Wiley of the University growth. or about half, to the end of the decade. Over- of Wisconsin, ‘‘there’s likely to be a shake- ‘‘There’s no question that we have to be all, the agency’s annual budget would drop out’’ as the cuts hit home and universities sharper with our knives, to streamline the from $14.3 billion to $11 billion by 2000. shut down programs. agencies,’’ Dr. Gibbons said. ‘‘But if you take On Friday, Mr. Goldin outlined a plan that ‘‘We’ll probably emerge from the next 15 or away a third, that’s going to push us way would move toward eventually turning over 20 years with far fewer universities that try down in terms of international competi- operation of the space shuttles to private in- to be comprehensive,’’ he said. tion.’’ dustry, something the Republicans have Robert L. Park, a physicist at the Univer- During the last four decades, the Federal called for. The NASA plan would also reduce sity of Maryland and a spokesman for the Government has spent nearly $1 trillion on the work force of the agency and its contrac- American Physical Society, the nation’s civilian research and development, laying tors by about 25,000 people, bringing it to leading group of physicists, said the race be- the basis for a powerful wave of prosperity 1961 levels. tween Republicans and Democrats to make that has touched most facets of American ‘‘We’re right at the edge,’’ he said. ‘‘The science cuts boded ill for the future. life. In pushing back the frontiers of knowl- Republican cuts would roughly double that, ‘‘Enormous promises have been made and edge, the Federal money has supported tens pushing about 20,000 people out the door.’’ it’s hard to see how they can back away from of thousands of scientists at universities A similar tale comes from the National those,’’ he said, referring to the Republican across the country and has financed the Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, promise to balance the budget. work that led to scores of Nobel Prizes. whose parent, the Commerce Department, Spending on nonmilitary science has has been targeted for elimination by the Re- ‘‘Social Security and most of Medicare is grown fairly steadily in the last decade. It publicans. Among other things, NOAA runs off the table,’’ he added. ‘‘There’s not much peaked this year at $31.9 billion, according to weather satellites, makes forecasts, tracks left in the discretionary budget, except for the National Science Foundation, a Federal hurricanes and tornadoes, probes the deep science.’’ agency that finances much basic research at ocean and monitors fisheries. universities. James D. Baker, NOAA’s Administrator, [From the New York Times, May 23, 1995] The civilian science budget of the Federal said in an interview that the agency was al- CRIPPLING AMERICAN SCIENCE government is puny compared to the $100 bil- ready losing 2,300 employees and that the The budget plan passed by the House lion that American industry is putting into proposed Republican cuts would trim an- mounts an assault on scientific research, reseach and Development this year. Yet its other 1,000 in 1996 alone. Its budget for that science training and American research uni- importance is greater than size alone sug- year would fall to $1.7 billion from a current versities that are the envy of the world. gests, for while industry typically looks $2 billion, with deeper cuts in following Blinded by ideological fury at government, years ahead, aiming to please shareholders, years. House Republicans seek to abandon a crucial the Government often looks decades and ‘‘What we see coming is a real tragedy,’’ he function of government, the provision of sometimes centuries ahead, pursuing funda- said. ‘‘We’ll have to cut services and stop fu- public goods like research that are undersup- mental issues of understanding that may ul- ture investments on all kinds of things.’’ plied by private markets. Private companies timately lead to wide social benefits. NOAA runs 11 environmental research labs will invest in research that is likely to raise Another difference is that industrial around the country to study things like air their profit, but they are unwilling to invest science is often shrouded in secrecy. By con- quality, climate changes and severe storms. in research whose benefits leak out to com- trast, Government-financed civilian work is Some labs would have to be cut back or petitors. By abandoning government’s irre- usually published openly so it can serve as closed down. And proposed Republican cuts placeable role, the House budget would un- intellectual kindling for other social and for 1996 would force the agency to abandon dermine America’s technological base. commercial endeavors. plans for a new weather satellite. After their sweep in the midterm elections Ultimately, NOAA officials say, lives will The magnitude of the House-passed cuts is last November, the Republicans devised a be at risk if weather forecasts decline in shocking. Civilian research would fall over balanced-budget plan that went easy on mili- quality. five years from about $32 billion to $25 bil- tary research, currently about $40 billion a ‘‘We’re a service agency,’’ said Douglas K. lion, a 35 percent cut after accounting for in- year, and hard on civilian science, especially Hall, NOAA’s Deputy Administrator. ‘‘We flation. Medical research, other than for on Federal programs with ties to industry. have people on duty 24 hours a day at the AIDS, would fall by more than 25 percent. An aim of the Clinton Administration has union’s airports. They’re critical to the safe- Robert Walker, chairman of the House been to help high-technology industries bet- ty of millions of Americans.’’ Science Committee, says the plan would pro- ter compete with foreign rivals. More esoteric is the work of the Energy tect basic science. He dissembles. His budget House Republicans produced the most de- Department, which studies new kinds of would increase spending on research by the tailed plan for science cuts, which was en- solar and geothermal energy production, National Science Foundation. But the small dorsed Thursday by the full House as part of struggles to harness the nearly limitless increases would not keep pace with inflation, a comprehensive package to balance the power of nuclear fusion, and probes the atom so the number of university-based scholars, budget by 2002. The Senate is debating a with big particle accelerators. It also is con- graduate students and research projects that companion measure. ducting a costly cleanup of sites contami- the N.S.F. supports would steadily fall. In- Democrats of the House Science Com- nated by decades of nuclear weapons produc- deed the plan envisions wiping out support mittee portray the House plan as an exten- tion. for social science research. sive cracking of the foundations of Federal Its current budget is $17.5 billion. The Re- The House budget would continue to sup- science. By their calculation, spending under publicans would cut that by a total of $7 bil- port the space shuttle and space station, two the committee’s jurisdiction would fall by a lion over five years. costly hardware projects with constituencies total $24 billion from 1996 to 2000, relative to The department says the cuts would trim in key electoral states, but it would provide 1995 levels. If 3 percent annual inflation is as- 2,000 university science jobs and 3,500 jobs little money for other aeronautical and sumed during that period, the overall drop from its sprawling system of laboratories, space research. It would cut several energy would be 34.7 percent in terms of real pur- would end the large fusion experiment at research programs by between 35 and 80 per- chasing power. Princeton University and would force the cent—eliminating thousands of university The committee oversees most civilian cancellation of one of its atom-smasher jobs—and reduce research on high-speed rail science spending in the Federal budget, with projects. In addition, hundreds of companies, and other transportation projects. Repub- responsibility for $27.2 billion this year. The universities and Federal laboratories that licans say their cuts eliminate only applied exceptions are the National Institutes of are trying to improve energy efficiency research that business can undertake for Health and the Agriculture and Interior De- would lose funds. itself, but they propose slashing nearly every partments. The latter’s Geological Survey, One bright spot in the Republican proposal program in sight. which monitors water, hunts minerals and is the National Science Foundation, whose Not all the research that Washington pays makes maps, has been targeted for eventual current budget is $3.3 billion. The Repub- for makes sense. Some university-based re- elimination by the Republicans. Its current licans would slightly boost basic research to search can sound ridiculously abstruse. But budget is $571 million. match expected inflation but would squeeze there is danger in indiscriminately chopping The biggest cuts are slated for the Federal the social sciences, which include economics, research and undermining a system that has Government’s largest scientific agency, the anthropology, psychology, sociology, geog- for decades produced the best scientists and National Aeronautics and Space Administra- raphy and archeology. graduate programs in the world. The sectors tion. Among possible victims is tiny Pioneer The National Institutes of Health, the na- in which America has led the world—from 10, now nearly six billion miles from Earth tion’s biomedical research giant and a main computers and software to agriculture and

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00075 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7356 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 24, 1995 aircraft manufacturing—can trace their suc- byproduct of market forces alone? Or did the [From the Wall Street Journal, May 22, 1995] cess to heavy Federal support. federal government’s active participation CORPORATE RESEARCH: HOW MUCH IS IT Mr. Walker could have performed a valu- play a valuable role in shaping a new kind of WORTH? able service by carefully sifting through Fed- medium? TOP LABS SHIFT RESEARCH GOALS TO FAST eral programs to weed out those that need- Did federal safety and fuel efficiency PAYOFFS lessly subsidize corporations for research and standards foisted on the automobile and (By Gautam Naik) development projects that they would under- aerospace industries over the past 25 years In the late 1980s, Bob Lucky had what he take for themselves. But massive cutting promote technical innovation and customer just to reach a balanced budget quickly risks calls ‘‘a great fantasy.’’ satisfaction? Or did the costs of consumers As a research at AT&T Corp’s. celebrated damaging important economic assets. and the manufacturers clearly outweigh the The party that preaches cost-benefit anal- Bell Laboratories, he was designing a silicon benefits? robot the size of a grain of sand. Injected ysis for Federal agencies ought to practice Was the agricultural extension service, into the human body, it would act as a what it preaches. Cutting the science budget created to promote the decentralized diffu- microsurgeon, traveling to specific locations will save a few billion dollars a year in a $6 sion of agricultural innovation among farm- to fix problems. trillion economy. Knocking out innovative ers and researchers, an appropriate medium ‘‘I was damn proud of the stuff we did. The research can lead to stagnant productivity for a central government to support? What benefits to society could be tremendous,’’ and growth. By that calculation, the House about the Morrill Act, which funded the rise Mr. Lucky says. But AT&T scrapped the re- plan is an irresponsible gamble. of land-grant colleges and universities? search because it had no bearing on its main business. Mr. Lucky, a 31-year veteran of [From the Washington Post, May 19, 1995] Does a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to monitor the emergence of po- Bell Labs, is now at Bellcore. THE GOP NEEDS A BIT MORE R&D ON ITS Chasing far-out notions has long been a tentially dangerous viruses and microorga- SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY hallmark of industrial research in America. nisms make more sense as a federal or state But some of the biggest U.S. corporations (By Michael Schrage) institution? Charred, smoldering and in ruins: The have cut back sharply on research into The answer to any one of these questions budget bills pending in Congress leave the ‘‘basic science’’—the exploration of how na- speaks volumes about why the proffered pol- Clinton administration’s ambitious science ture works at a fundamental level—to pursue icy choice between ‘‘centralized govern- and technology agenda looking as if it were short-term goals and to commercialize prod- ment’’ and ‘‘market forces’’ is a false one. In zapped by one of those space-based X-ray la- ucts more quickly. Corporate labs, home to a democracy, of course, the government is sers from the Strategic Defense Initiative 75% of the nation’s scientists and research- the marketplace and vice versa. that never quite got built. The destruction is ers, are replacing a cherished culture of inde- near-total. Never have a sitting president’s Instead of having the courage to deal with pendence with a results-oriented approach. In past decades, the devotion to basic re- programs promising new public-private part- these kinds of issues honestly and directly, search without regard to boosting the bot- nerships for innovation been so thoroughly we have legislators who prefer to cast them tom line spawned a steady stream of break- extirpated so soon after launch. The Com- into anachronistic vocabularies where it’s throughs, including the transistor, the solar merce Department’s Advanced Technology okay for government to fund ‘‘basic’’ and ‘‘pure’’ science but ever so bad for taxpayers cell and the forerunner to today’s laser—all Program—a $430 million-plus effort to turn at Bell Labs. Now, in the 1990s, the cutbacks the National Institutes of Standards and to sponsor anything that might be ‘‘commer- cial’’ research and development. are taking a toll. Some disillusioned sci- Technology into a high-tech venture capi- entists have fled to academia. Already, U.S. But traditional definitions of science and talist—is toast. The Technology Reinvest- companies are falling behind in advanced technology have become dangerously obso- ment Program, designed to encourage com- data-storage devices and technology for oil lete. In key research fields, from computer mercial participation in defense technology exploration. development, is targeted for extinction. software to new materials to molecular biol- Some experts worry the shift in an even Even a $500 million ‘‘national security’’ ogy, the distinction between basic science greater threat to the future. ‘‘It’s a short- initiative to build flat-panel displays for the and applied technology has blurred into term response aimed at keeping stockholders Pentagon now shrivels into silicon scraps. meaninglessness. The applied technology happy. Without question this will hurt Techno-‘‘welfare’’ for rich corporations with drives the basic science every bit as much as American competitiveness,’’ warns Albert billion-dollar research and development the basic science drives the applied tech- Link, an economics professor at the Univer- budgets of their own is being slashed as rig- nology. sity of North Carolina at Greensboro. orously and assiduously as welfare for the For example, finding the umpteenth gene Companies counter that as competition in- poor. marker in the human genome is ‘‘basic tensifies and technology accelerates, they Of course, in the context of the biggest science.’’ But building a machine that lets must push harder to get more direct value proposed budget cuts in U.S. history, there’s biologists find gene markers 10 times faster out of their research. ‘‘We need to focus on nothing special about the dismantling of the is called ‘‘technology.’’ Guess which gets customers’ needs,’’ says Daniel Stanzione, Clinton science and technology apparat. And funded? Is a data-compression algorithm who has hammered at that doctrine since be- why should there be? Everything else is get- that squeezes five video streams onto a sin- coming president of Bell Labs in March. A ting cut. gle copper wire by using a novel topological former president of AT&T’s $6 billion public What’s disturbingly different, however, is equation an example of pure science or com- network equipment division, he is the first that while the Republican majority cheer- mercial technology? What if the student who hard-core business manager to run the famed fully fuses ideas and ideology when it takes discovered that algorithm is doing his thesis research arm. on the nation’s health care and welfare budg- funded by the National Science Foundation The National Science Foundation cal- ets, its take on federal science and tech- but while working at a Japanese electronics culates that U.S. companies’ spending on nology budgets seems oddly disjointed. It company? basic research declined slightly to $9.7 bil- looks decoupled not only from the market- Just as it would be crazy to write banking lion in 1993 and didn’t rise last year. In a sur- place, but from the marketplace of ideas. legislation for tomorrow that focused on vey by R&D magazine, half of all companies The same politicians championing the vir- passbook savings accounts, legislators are with ‘‘research and development’’ budgets of tues of America’s ‘‘Third Wave’’ future pre- kidding themselves if they believe they are $50 million or more plan to cut spending this scribe federal science and technology poli- doing taxpayers a service by pretending that year, for a 3.5% decline overall (About 10% of cies that would have been deemed simplistic federally funded science in the 1990s can be the R&D budget is typically devoted to basic during the country’s agrarian heyday. managed with the same vocabulary it was in research.) The reflexive anti-Washington, pro-mar- Those figures mask far more significant 1975. It can’t. ket, neo-federalist sentiment that so ener- cuts in some areas. Among U.S. makers of gizes the right obscures the essential issues One of the biggest lies inside the Beltway communications gear and electronics, spend- that need to be openly debated: What role is that ‘‘you can’t beat something with noth- ing on basic research dropped 64% between should the federal government play in sup- ing.’’ Of course you can, as long as you’re 1988 and 1992 to $350 million. Even govern- porting non-defense-related research in writing the checks. Say this for the ment-funded basic research at universities science and technology? Further, how far Clintonistas: At least this administration and colleges, which has risen in the last five should the federal government go in defining presented a model of how the federal govern- years, is expected to fall slightly in 1995, ac- regulations and standards that promote in- ment should ally and align itself with indus- cording to the National Science Foundation. novation in the marketplace? The Repub- try to facilitate innovation in science and International Business Machines Corp. has licans insist that market forces are always technology. chopped $1.7 billion from its annual R&D the best arbiter—but that obviously is not The new Republican majority has yet to budget since 1992, a 33% reduction to $3.38 true. present a coherent proposal that explains billion by last year. In the science-oriented Let’s make these conceptually flavored what kinds of investments and returns tax- research division, annual spending has fallen questions more specific and provocative: payers have a right to expect from their fed- to $450 million from $625 million in 1990. The Would an Internet—with its unique, non- eral R&D dollars. It is a most glaring policy staff of scientists has been cut nearly 20% to proprietary, flexible, expandable, multi- weakness from a group that wants to push 2,600; the number pursuing basic research is media architecture—have been an inevitable America into the future. down by half to 200.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00076 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7357 In the 1980s, IBM labs explored the sub- when you discover something late at night, hilarating,’’ says Rob Zieglar, a Bellcore atomic mysteries of neutrino particles. In and you know that no one else in the uni- wireless specialist. ‘‘If not, if can be para- the 1990s, an IBM lab perfected the collaps- verse knows it,’’ he says. ‘‘I miss that.’’ lyzing.’’ (Some colleagues, he says, are ible ‘‘butterfly’’ keyboard in just a year; it thinking of leaving,) He adds: ‘‘Given the might have taken seven years in the old [From the Wall Street Journal, May 22, 1995] chance, ideas are going to jump here. We’re days. Impressive, but keyboards are hardly BABY BELLS FIND IT HARD TO PUT PRICE ON going to be a player.’’ the stuff of high science. BELLCORE From all indications, they have the poten- Bernard Meyerson, an IBM fellow and sen- tial: Following a major fire in a central (By Leslie Cauley) ior manager at the IBM lab in Yorktown switching site a few years ago, Bellcore tech- Heights, N.Y., says that despite the reduc- How do you value a company that has nicians came up with a fire sensor that could tions, ‘‘core research was preserved.’’ But he never turned a profit, is prohibited from de- detect a problem long before conventional concedes that cutting back is ‘‘a dicey proc- signing real products and has no experience sensors. Then they had to load it up with ess’’ because ‘‘you won’t see the impact of competing for customers? clunky circuits to make sure it wasn’t funding cuts until it’s too late.’’ That question faces Bell Communications manufacturable and didn’t violate the ban on Elsewhere the changes have been subtle Research Co., the jointly owned research designing a production-ready device. but no less significant. Xerox Corp.’s PARC arm of the seven regional Bell telephone ‘‘It’s not that our people didn’t know how’’ lab, which invented laser printing and on- companies. The Bells have announced plans to make a commercial product, says George screen icons, now gets detailed ‘‘contracts’’ to sell or spin off Bellcore by next year. Heilmeier. Bellcore’s president and chief ex- from the company’s product divisions direct- The shedding of the company, familiarly ecutive officer. ‘‘They had to do it that ing its research. At General Electric Co., the called Bellcore, comes at a time when even way.’’ A manufacturer later refined portion of R&D spending devoted to long- the most respected technology giants are Bellcore’s prototype to build a commercial term projects is down to 15% from 30% in the cutting corporate-research budgets. For the sensor, Mr. Heilmeier says, leaving Bellcore 1980s. Baby Bells’ lab, that raises the question: with some royalties, but little glory. Such changes are sweeping Bell Labs, per- Who would want it? ‘‘I have no idea,’’ an- ‘‘We know our concepts are doable—we just haps the most famous lab in the world. swers one Wall Street analyst. ‘‘It isn’t com- have to wait for the right time,’’ adds Vin- AT&T still devotes 10% of its annual $3 bil- mercially oriented, and it’s been operated as cent Vecchio, a Bellcore network specialist. lion R&D budget to basic research, but ever a nonprofit [entity] that hasn’t been ac- Eric Addeo, a research manager, says oper- bigger chunks will be shifted away from countable to anyone in particular. It’s a ating under the restrictions of the AT&T physical science—the lab’s traditional seven-headed monster right now.’’ breakup pact ‘‘was like being in a dark room strength—to information science, which is Bellcore came into being 11 years ago when with the door cracked. Now the door is open- closely tied to AT&T’s core business. Bell the old AT&T empire was dismantled, and ing.’’ But cutting loose from the Bells also Labs managers used to be promoted solely on the seven Baby Bells were spun off. AT&T means eventually losing guaranteed finan- the basis of technical achievement. Now they Corp. held on to the famed Bell Labs, inven- cial support. The regional phone companies must also display business acumen. tor of cellular technology, the transistor and ‘‘That wonderful culture at Bell Labs’’ is the satellite. The Bells got newly formed supply more than 80% of Bellcore’s $1 billion disappearing, laments Phillip Griffiths, di- Bellcore. in annual funding. Bellcore generated the rector of the Institute for Advanced Study in Despite its formal name, only about 10% of other $200 million or so from non-Bell clients Princeton, N.J., one of the last strongholds Bellcore’s work is devoted to outright re- last year, but that isn’t nearly enough to of purely theoretical research in the U.S. search. And unlike Bell Labs, Bellcore support its operations. It is difficult to quantify what may be lost doesn’t engage at all in the blue-sky realm of The Bells are drafting multiyear contracts because of such shifts. Fiber optics, for one, ‘‘pure,’’ or basic, research. with Bellcore to help attract outside inves- might have been delayed for decades if not The bulk of Bellcore’s work is in software tors, but most probably won’t commit to for fundamental discoveries made at Bell programming and consulting. Bellcore ex- more than five years. ‘‘The world is too un- Labs, GE and IBM. In the early 1960s, sci- perts often are among the first in an emer- predictable to write contracts that go be- entists stumbled on a curious find: Gallium gency, as in the terrorist bombing in Okla- yond’’ that time frame, says one senior Bell arsenide was a natural laser. When they homa City last month. Bellcore software executive. Its technical expertise might make zapped an electrical current through it, it helps the Bells keep track of which phone Bellcore an attractive acquisition for a emitted an intense beam of light, thus mak- wires go where, no small feat considering the maker of telecommunications gear or per- ing practical the laser that was first dem- more than 150 million telephone lines in the haps a large ‘‘systems integrator’’ that onstrated by Hughes Aircraft in 1960. Sci- U.S. It also handles such tasks as assigning lashes together a client’s computers and entists realized this ‘‘semiconductor injec- area codes and designing a phone system phone systems. But the Baby Bells say they tion laser’’ could be manipulated to transmit aimed at surviving a nuclear attack. won’t sell to a direct competitor such as, vast amounts of data at nearly the speed of Some of the top engineers and network de- say, AT&T; they want Bellcore’s technology light. signers in the world work at Bellcore. They to remain within easy reach. As many big U.S. companies are backing have racked up more than 600 patents. For That point is one of the few on which the away, some foreign concerns are pushing on. all the technical muscle, however, the lab Baby Bells have been able to reach easy Major high-tech companies overseas in- has never produced a single commercial agreement these days. Bellcore’s mission has creased R&D spending 23% from 1988 to 1993, product. It can’t. Bellcore is shackled by the grown muddled as its owners have begun pur- says Schonfeld & Associates of Lincolnshire, terms of the AT&T breakup that bar the suing divergent and sometimes colliding Ill. Baby Bells from making equipment or offer- ing long-distance service. It also can’t design strategies. At NEC Corp.’s Research Institute in U S West last year acquired two cable sys- production-ready prototypes or steer cus- Princeton, N.J., about 30 miles from Bell tems in Atlanta, home base of BellSouth tomers to particular brands of gear. Labs’ campus, scientists delve into con- Corp., with an eye toward offering competi- Once freed from its seven owners, Bellcore densed matter physics, quantum mechanics tive local phone service. ‘‘That had a sober- would escape these restraints. ‘‘It’s about and biology. Joseph Giordmaine, a physicist, ing influence’’ on Bellcore’s board, says U S time we were able to start cashing in on put in 28 years at Bell Labs but bolted for Ja- West’s Mr. Wonsiewicz, who sits on the what we know and what we have,’’ says Alex- pan’s NEC in 1988. Bellcore board. He found himself ‘‘sitting Now, as a senior vice president, he presides ander Gelman, a Bellcore engineer who ex- around the table with BellSouth and others over some truly far-out projects. In one, a periments with advances in video confer- [who were] asking, ‘When are you going to fly, its limbs affixed in wax, is set before a encing. start offering telephone service against us, TV screen flashing a series of images. A deli- That’s why the future is filled with exhila- rating possibilities—but also fraught with Bud?’ ’’ cate probe connects a single neuron in the Yet to pursue even routine matters, fear—for the 6,000 people who work at the fly’s brain to an instrument that measures Bellcore has been required to win the unani- lab’s five sites in New Jersey. Some senior how fast it registers the TV images. mous approval of all seven Bells. Asked if Bell executives say Bellcore may have to get The research may one day yield insights he’ll miss anything once Bellcore is turned rid of 2,000 workers and install a new top tier into how to design a super-fast computer. loose, Mr. Heilmeier, the lab’s CEO, doesn’t of outsiders to gird for competition. ‘‘Basic research means you have to be able to miss a beat. ‘‘Oh yes, I’ll miss those board Technical ability alone won’t carry take risks and accept failure,’’ says Mr. meetings where we had to have a 7–0 vote on Bellcore in a competitive environment, says Giordmaine. everything,’’ he replies sarcastically. ‘‘The Greg Blonder, who invented the wristphone Bud Wonsiewiez, vice president of advanced tears are welling up in my eyes now.’’ at Bell Labs, has spent most of his career technologies at U S West Inc., the Denver- studying physical sciences and their role in based Bell. ‘‘Their challenge is to move from [From the New York Time, May 22, 1995] future technologies. In January, he switched a monopoly culture to a competitive culture, CLINTON’S AID TO INDUSTRY IS G.O.P. TARGET to ‘‘human-centered engineering’’ aimed at which is exactly the same challenge the making AT&T products more ‘‘customer seven owners face,’’ he says. TECHNOLOGY AND TRADE PROGRAMS WOULD END friendly.’’ Many Bellcore insiders acknowledge the (By David E. Sanger) He admits to nostalgia for bygone days. risk and even seem energized by it. ‘‘If WASHINGTON, May 22.—Buried among the ‘‘There’s no thrill equivalent to the feeling you’re up the challenge it can be quite ex- Republicans’ sharp cost-cutting proposals to

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00077 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7358 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 24, 1995 balance the Federal budget is the swift dis- said Hazel R. O’Leary, the Secretary of En- I take strong exception to the position mantling of two of the Clinton Administra- ergy, whose department’s budget would espoused by the Republican budget res- tion’s most prominent economic innova- shrink by roughly $7 billion over the next olution—that technology research and tions: the Use of the Government to promote five years. trade promotion are not proper and ap- exports and the underwriting of new tech- ‘‘It’s a little early,’’ said Laura D’Andrea nologies that corporate America considers Tyson, the head of the National Economic propriate functions of the Federal Gov- too risky. Council, an office that was created at the ernment. They are, in fact, not only During his Presidential campaign, Mr. start of the Administration to give econom- appropriate but vital to continued U.S. Clinton briefly called those strategies ‘‘in- ics equal weight with issues of national secu- economic growth and competitiveness dustrial policy,’’ until Republicans seized on rity. ‘‘There should be a good debate about in today’s global economy. the phrase as proof that Mr. Clinton wanted the wisdom of this, but it is still early in the I have long maintained that our Na- the Government to meddle in the workings budget process.’’ tion needs to be more, not less, cog- It may be early, but it seems clear that of the market. Once in office, the White nizant of the crucial role technology House dropped the terminology but went most of the trade and technology promotion ahead anyway with an aggressive program, programs will be sharply reduced, if they plays in affecting our position in the declaring that the United States needed to survive at all. world economy. Without it we would develop partnerships with industry and use As a result, the White House’s reticence not enjoy the industrial and military Government pressure to promote exports, has not kept the departments themselves strength we have today. Our Govern- two skills that Japan and Germany turned in from starting allout survival campaigns. ment has traditionally played a crit- to an art after World War II. Capitol Hill these days is flooded with under ical role in this area and I am con- secretaries and assistant secretaries explain- The Republican budget proposals would vinced we must continue to invest pru- bring many of those efforts to a halt and ing and justifying programs that have never drastically shrink others, from the Energy before come under intense scrutiny. dently in research and technology de- Department to the Pentagon. The most Many of those programs were started velopment if we are to maintain our sweeping cutback proposal, the ‘‘The Depart- under Republican administrations. The position in an increasingly competitive ment of Commerce Dismantling Act,’’ is theme of the presentations often boil down global economy. And with all due re- scheduled to be introduced on Tuesday by to one argument: In an age of economic con- spect to my Republican friends, the House Republicans. The act would imme- flict, cutting out political and economic sup- private sector cannot and will not com- diately terminate six of the Cabinet depart- port for industry is the equivalent of unilat- mit sufficient resources to make up for eral disarmament. Program, which provides ment’s offices and slice up the organization the cuts proposed by the Republican that provides the skills for trade negotia- backing for technologies that small compa- tions with Japan, China and several other nies—and some large ones—consider prom- budget. nations. ising but too risky to attempt. ‘‘This has Eroding and/or eliminating the Fed- Many of the functions of the Commerce grown from $10 million in 1990 to $250 million eral Government’s role in scientific re- Department’s highest-profile organization, in 1993, and now they want $750 million,’’ Mr. search and technology development is the International Trade Administration, Chrysler said. ‘‘This is nothing other than like eating our seed corn, short sighted would be carved up or eliminated. It is un- picking winners and losers.’’ and ill advised in the extreme. clear what would happen to the economic Such arguments underscore the sharp dif- I would assign the same labels— ‘‘war room’’ that calls in ambassadors, Cabi- ference in the way technology and trade pol- short-sighted and wrong-headed—to icy is dealt with in Washington and in the net secretaries and sometimes the President the proposed elimination of Federal to put pressure on foreign governments to capitals of its major economic competitors, buy American goods. where trade is considered national security programs which promote U.S exports. Curiously, the White House has said al- and ‘‘picking winners and losers’’ is a phrase Undeniably trade has become a major most nothing in public about the attack on with no political resonance. factor in the U.S. economy. According the core of its economic strategy, partly for In Japan and Germany, there is virtually to the Trade Promotion Coordinating fear that it would detract from its warnings no debate over government programs to pro- Committee, ‘‘long-term forecasts of the about proposed cuts to Medicare and other vide seed money for risky technologies or to U.S. economy put exports as the fast- popular social programs. use the influence of top officials to win con- ‘‘Our global competitors are laughing at tracts. It is taken as a given that such roles est growing component of GDP—in- us,’’ Secretary of Commerce Ronald H. fall to the central government, along with creasing perhaps two and a half times Brown said today in a telephone conversa- defending the nation’s territory and making faster than the overall economy.’’ tion from Paris, where he is attending a foreign policy. As the 3rd largest exporter of manu- meeting of the organization for Economic In Japan, for example, officials will freely factured goods among the 50 States, Cooperation and Development. ‘‘Just at the acknowledge that more than 50 percent of Ohio has benefited greatly from, and moment when we’ve finally learned that the money committed to new technologies has a vital economic stake in, robust there is no way to win without a public-pri- will result in utter failure. But even a 20 per- international trade. We cannot turn a cent success rate, they argue, should be con- vate partnership, without getting the Gov- blind eye to the fact that all our major ernment involved in promoting a nation’s ex- sidered a success. No one would even attempt ports, people are incredulous that Congress such an argument in Washington. trade competitors spend considerably would be doing this. ‘‘You can’t go up on the Hill and talk more than we do to push their products ‘‘The French are apoplectic that we have about a 40 percent success rate, even if that in overseas markets. Nevertheless, our been so pro-active and successful,’’ Mr. is a brilliant performance,’’ Ms. O’Leary said relatively modest investments at the Brown said, a reference to Washington’s role last week. ‘‘People will say: ‘What? We are Federal level, prudently targeted and in winning a huge contract in Brazil last throwing away 60 percent?’’’ efficiently managed, effectively com- Instead, Ms. O’Leary’s department has year over French competition. ‘‘And now plement private sector marketing ef- they are delighted that we are thinking been churning out news releases about its in- about not doing it anymore.’’ dustrial breakthroughs in energy conserva- forts and maintain our position is an The Republican theory is that the Com- tion. A giant sulfur lamp now hangs over the increasingly competitive international merce Department has become a brazen ex- Energy Department’s entrance on Constitu- economic environment. Because gov- ample of ‘‘corporate welfare,’’ a term coined tion Avenue, a single light that replaces 250 ernments are major purchasers in most by one of Mr. Clinton’s Cabinet members and bulbs. ‘‘It was developed with $1 million in of the primary categories of U.S. ex- close friends, Labor Secretary Robert B. Government money and much more in pri- ports, for example aerospace, power Reich. To the White House’s horror, the vate funds,’’ she said. ‘‘That is hardly a generation, transportation, and tele- waste.’’ phrase—which Mr. Reich has not repeated communications, the government-to- since—has become a rallying call for the On the Hill, though, no one wants to talk freshman class of Republicans, who do not about sulfur lamps, unless they are designed government contacts are particularly share their party’s traditional closeness or to illuminate a balanced budget. ‘‘This is the useful and appropriate. dependence on big business. tail-wagging-the-dog syndrome,’’ Mr. Chrys- The least we can and should do in the ‘‘There are 19 different departments in the ler said. ‘‘If it is a good invention, let the interest of future economic growth, Government that deal with trade,’’ said Rep- private sector invent it.’’ jobs and prosperity is to maintain the resentative Dick Chrysler, the Michigan Re- Mr. GLENN. Mr. President; I rise current modest level of Federal invest- publican who drafted the legislation to dis- today to express my strong support for ment in research, technology and trade mantle the Commerce Department 92 years the amendment of my friend from New promotion. after its creation. ‘‘They could all be reduced to a single Department of Trade.’’ Mexico, Mr. BINGAMAN, which urges Mr. PRYOR. Mr. President, I am Another target of Mr. Chrysler’s is the de- continued funding for Federal invest- proud to be a cosponsor of Senator partment’s Advanced Technology focused on ments in research, technology, export BINGAMAN’s amendment to protect the programs that most people understand,’’ promotion and trade law enforcement. funding for the important investments

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00078 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7359 that our Nation currently makes to $23 billion in exports. That would pass hear that this budget resolution strips help our businesses compete in the anyone’s cost-benefit test. the United States of its most effective evolving global economy. ITA has helped to open foreign mar- weapons for global economic competi- Mr. President, as the cold war passes kets for American business and to en- tion. into our memories, a new type of glob- force US trade laws that protect us Mr. President, it is vitally important al challenge to the health and welfare against unfair competition. that we maintain funding for our in- of America has emerged. It is an eco- This budget resolution apparently vestments in research, technology, and nomic war that American businessmen would dissolve the ITA. Again, Mr. export promotion. The U.S. should be and women are fighting in the US mar- President, that is unilateral disar- investing more in making our workers ketplace and in global markets against mament. and our firms more competitive around foreign competitors support and en- TECHNOLOGY the globe so that we can win the battle couraged by their governments. Helping American businesses stay at for markets and profits, as well as As Commerce Secretary Ron Brown the cutting edge of new technologies is higher wages for our workers. recently said, the budget before us vital to long term competitiveness and The U.S. can no longer prevail in today is tantamount to unilateral dis- that is exactly what the National Insti- international economic competition armament of the United States. It is tute of Standards and Technology, or based solely on its vast supply of cap- the business equivalent of shutting NIST, is in the business of doing. Ac- ital and natural resources, or its large down the Pentagon to save money in cording to studies, 25 percent of Amer- educated work force. The economic the middle of a world war. ica’s economic growth since the end of battles of today and tomorrow will be Mr. President, don’t believe me or World War II can be attributed to tech- won by the firms that can employ the Secretary Brown. Believe the words of nology advances. NIST’s primary mis- latest technology and the latest infor- the customers, the American busi- sion is to bolster US competitiveness mation to be the first to market, the nesses on the front line of global com- by advancing civilian technology by in- highest quality competitor, and the petition. vesting in long term, high-risk re- most competitive in pricing. These bat- This morning’s Arkansas Democrat- search and development. tles will be won by firms that work in Gazette had a strong story in which This formula for technology advance- concert with their government to businessmen were asked what they ment is working. NIST leverages scarce break down foreign trade barriers and thought about the idea of eliminating resources, cost sharing, and risk shar- open new channels into the mature and trade and technology efforts at the ing with industry and other govern- the emerging markets of the world. Commerce Department. I ask that ment entities. It is maximizing returns This amendment preserves the essen- ‘‘Cutting out Commerce Finds Few to American businesses and minimizing tial functions of trade promotion, tech- Fans in Trade’’ be placed in the costs to taxpayers. nology, and research activities. This RECORD following my statement and Another technology program that funding is critical to our nation’s com- urge my colleagues to read it. has proven itself is the Technology Re- petitiveness. It is critical to the cre- The Vice Chairman of the Arkansas investment Project (TRP). TRP has ation of quality jobs in the future. And District Export Council, Dave Eldridge, worked to integrate our military and it is critical to the survival of many said ‘‘For a person who has been an civilian technology sectors in a way American businesses and industries. I international businessman for 30 years, that will strengthen our economy and urge its adoption. I can tell you that (closing the Com- military. TRP is another useful exam- The article referred to follows: merce Department) would be a serious ple of how partnerships between gov- CUTTING OUT COMMERCE FINDS FEW FANS IN mistake.’’ ernment and industry are useful in TRADE As businesspeople in Arkansas point pooling Federal and non-Federal re- (By Randy Tardy) out, at stake is no less than the future sources toward a common goal. Arkansas international trade officials re- economic health of our Nation and our Mr. President, quite simply, we can acted strongly to a Republican budget-cut- standing and power in the inter- not afford to cut TRP. For years the ting move Tuesday to abolish the U.S. De- national community. US military relied on its own separate partment of Commerce and transfer its func- At stake are American jobs threat- technology sector and the American tions to other agencies of government. ened by tariffs or other restrictions on taxpayers were forced to pay the huge A bill introduced in the House would ter- US products in foreign markets. At bills. If we want our military to deploy minate six Commerce Department programs, stake are American businesses, large the most technologically advanced including the Economic Development Ad- and small, that must beat foreign com- ministration, the Minority Business Devel- equipment at the lowest cost possible, opment Agency and the Technology Admin- petitors to the market with new and we must tap into civilian markets istration, which promotes public-private co- better products, cut costs and improve more often. By doing so, everyone operation in new technology. quality through better manufacturing wins—the US military, the American The department’s export-promoting Inter- technologies, and position themselves taxpayer, businesses and our economy. national Trade Administration would have in the emerging overseas that will gen- These technology advancement ef- its functions moved to other agencies, in- erate huge new consuming publics in forts are under attack in this budget. cluding the State Department, which han- the future. Their demise would effectively mort- dled export trade policies until 1980. To help American businesses com- ‘‘For a person who has been an inter- gage our future competitiveness and national businessman for 30 years, I can tell pete, the US Government has made economic health to buy short term you that would be a serious mistake,’’ said modest but effective investments in ex- budget savings. Dave Eldridge, vice chairman of the Arkan- port promotion, trade law enforcement, MANUFACTURING sas District Export Council and director of technology and research. All of these To help small and medium sized man- economic development for Arkansas Power & investments are under attack in this ufacturers put new technologies to Light Co. budget. work in global competition, this ad- Eldridge served as moderator Tuesday for the 1995 World Trade Conference on Euro- TRADE ministration has opened 25 new manu- pean markets featuring a trio of Commerce Mr. President, one of the great suc- facturing centers. These centers bring Department officers representing four Euro- cess stories in our work to support US proven technology to our nation’s pean countries. businesses overseas is the Inter- 370,000 small and medium-sized manu- ‘‘If the United States is going to maintain national Trade Administration (ITA) facturers. The Centers have received its ability to compete effectively in the at the Commerce Department. During rave reviews from their customers. world market, then we are going to need a the first 2 years of the Clinton adminis- Again, this successful investment in strong advocacy in Washington and through- tration, ITA advocacy of US business future jobs and economic growth is out the world,’’ said Hartsell Wingfield, has boosted US exports by $23.6 billion, president of TCBY International, the Little also under attack in this budget. Rock-based frozen yogurt franchiser with op- thereby creating over 300,000 American In nations around the world, invest- erations in 30 countries. jobs. ments in technology and trade develop- That advocate is not Congress; ‘‘it is the Taxpayers invested roughly $500 mil- ment are top budget priorities. Japan, strong, effective Commercial Service’’ sector lion in the ITA and received a return of Germany and others will be glad to of the Commerce Department’s International

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00079 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7360 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 24, 1995 Trade Administration, Wingfield told the of the Senator from New Mexico [Mr. olution, amendment, motion, or conference conference luncheon in the Excelsior Hotel. DOMENICI] to lay on the table the report that would cause children eligible to ‘‘If we take a hands-off approach to inter- amendment of the Senator from New receive benefits under Medicaid (whether national trade from a political perspective,’’ currently or in the future) to lose any of Mexico [Mr. BINGAMAN]. On this ques- he said, ‘‘we will lose our edge as an inter- those benefits. tion, the yeas and nays have been or- national exporter, because other countries (b) WAIVER.—This section may be waived are not taking a hands-off approach.’’ dered, and the clerk will call the roll. or suspended in the Senate by a majority Joseph O’Brien, an international trade The bill clerk called the roll. vote of the Members voting, a quorum being consultant and president of the Arkansas The PRESIDING OFFICER Are there present, or by the unanimous consent of the World Trade Club, agreed. ‘‘I’ve had personal any other Senators in the Chamber Senate. experience on behalf of Arkansas clients who desire to vote? (c) APPEALS.—Appeals in the Senate from with the Commercial Service guys stationed The result was announced—yeas 53, the decisions of the Chair relating to this in Paris and Madrid and Mexico City and nays 47, as follows: section shall be limited to 1 hour, to be Guatemala City,’’ he said, ‘‘and in every equally divided between and controlled by, case, they were enthusiastic and they tried [Rollcall Vote No. 200 Leg.] the appellant and the manager of the bill or hard. They really made a big difference.’’ YEAS—53 resolution, as the case may be. An affirma- Putting the Commerce Department’s inter- Abraham Frist McConnell national trade role under the State Depart- tive vote of a majority of the Members of the Ashcroft Gorton Murkowski Senate, duly chosen and sworn, shall be re- ment would mean a different set of prior- Bennett Gramm Nickles quired in the Senate to sustain an appeal of ities, O’Brien added. ‘‘We really do need to Bond Grams Packwood the ruling of the Chair on a point of order export more in this country, and this is the Brown Grassley Pressler one way for small companies to get help Burns Gregg Roth raised under this provision. overseas. The big boys don’t need it; the Campbell Hatch Santorum (d) CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE RE- Chafee Hatfield Shelby PORTS.—Whenever the Director of the Con- smaller ones do.’’ Coats Helms Simpson gressional Budget Office prepares a report Meanwhile, global trade competition is Cochran Hutchison Smith getting keener, and some of the best poten- Cohen Inhofe pursuant to section 308 of the Congressional Snowe tial European markets for Arkansas exports Coverdell Kassebaum Budget Act of 1974 in connection with a bill, may be in the least-known countries, the Craig Kempthorne Specter resolution, or conference report that the Di- Stevens Commerce Department’s senior commercial D’Amato Kyl rector believes would cause children eligible DeWine Lott Thomas to receive benefits under Medicaid (whether officers told the world trade conference. Thompson Dole Lugar currently or in the future) to lose any of ‘‘Italy is one of the least-known markets Thurmond Domenici Mack those benefits, the Director shall so state in in the U.S.; it’s a marketplace people don’t Faircloth McCain Warner look at often,’’ said Keith Bovetti, minister that report and, to the extent practicable, counselor with the department’s Commercial NAYS—47 shall include an estimate of the number of Service in Italy. Akaka Feinstein Levin children eligible to receive benefits under The country’s ‘‘close to a $1 trillion gross Baucus Ford Lieberman Medicaid (whether currently or in the fu- domestic product has the fifth leading econ- Biden Glenn Mikulski ture) who would lose any of those benefits as omy in the world, and major privatization is Bingaman Graham Moseley-Braun a result of that legislation. Boxer Harkin going on there,’’ he said, ‘‘but there are no Moynihan (e) ESTIMATES.—Solely for the purposes of shortcuts to being there on the spot to do Bradley Heflin Murray Breaux Hollings enforcement of this section in the Senate, business.’’ Nunn the number of children eligible to receive Bryan Inouye Pell Spain and Portugal are also lesser-known Bumpers Jeffords benefits under Medicaid shall be determined Pryor economies, said minister counselor Emilio Byrd Johnston Reid on the basis of estimates made by the Com- Iodice, who is assigned to the two countries. Conrad Kennedy Robb mittee on the Budget of the Senate. ‘‘Spain is not just a land of bullfighters Daschle Kerrey and flamenco dancers,’’ he said, ‘‘it has a Dodd Kerry Rockefeller Mr. EXON. Mr. President, a majority Dorgan Kohl Sarbanes stable government and the highest growth Simon vote point of order against this legisla- rate in Europe for the last 12 years.’’ Spain Exon Lautenberg Feingold Leahy Wellstone tion will cause children currently re- in 1994 had $6 billion in U.S. investment and, ceiving health care insurance under while that’s sizable, foreign investment So the motion to lay on the table was Medicare to lose their insurance. What there was greater, he said. agreed to. Portugal, with one-fourth Spain’s popu- this does is simply requires a majority Mr. EXON. Mr. President, I move to vote if such an event would take place. lation, ‘‘is a new country, economically,’’ reconsider the vote by which the mo- Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, this Iodice said, noting increased investments in tion was agreed to. foreign goods and services to help the coun- amendment is not germane to the try become more competitive globally. Mr. DOMENICI. I move to lay that motion on the table. budget resolution. It establishes an- Mr. EXON. Mr. President, let me be The motion to lay on the table was other procedure on how the Senate very brief and concise. agreed to. should consider future Medicaid reform This amendment by Senator BINGA- legislation. Because of that, I raise a AMENDMENT NO. 1163 MAN expresses the sense of the Senate point of order against the pending regarding the importance of research, (Purpose: To protect children receiving health care insurance under Medicaid) amendment. technology, trade promotion, and trade Mr. EXON. Mr. President, pursuant law enforcement programs all very im- Mr. EXON. Mr. President, on behalf of Senator MURRAY, I send an amend- to section 904 of the Congressional portant to America. This particular Budget Act of 1974, I move to waive amendment is cosponsored by Senators ment to the desk and ask for its imme- diate consideration. that act for consideration of the pend- LIEBERMAN, ROCKEFELLER, BIDEN, HOL- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The ing amendment. LINGS, BYRD, KERRY, DODD, and PRYOR. I ask for the yeas and nays. Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, this clerk will report. amendment says that the conferees The bill clerk read as follows: The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there a have to keep spending limits at a cer- The Senator from Nebraska [Mr. EXON], for sufficient second? tain level to accomplish the goals that Mrs. MURRAY, proposes an amendment num- There is a sufficient second. bered 1163. the amendment contemplates, and The yeas and nays were ordered. Mr. EXON. Mr. President, I ask unan- there shall be no revenue reductions VOTE ON MOTION TO WAIVE THE BUDGET ACT imous consent that the reading of the unless we do. Some of the goals are The PRESIDING OFFICER. The rather vague, and it is pretty difficult amendment be dispensed with. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without question occurs on agreeing to the mo- to know what we must do. tion to waive the Congressional Budget It is with reluctance that I move to objection, it is so ordered. The amendment is as follows: Act. The yeas and nays have been or- table the amendment, and I ask for the dered. The clerk will call the roll. yeas and nays. On page 79, between lines 3 and 4, insert The legislative clerk called the roll. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there a the following: sufficient second? SEC. . PROHIBITION OF LEGISLATION THAT The PRESIDING OFFICER. Are there WOULD DEPRIVE CHILDREN OF any other Senators in the Chamber de- There is sufficient second. THEIR HEALTH INSURANCE UNDER The yeas and nays were ordered. MEDICAID. siring to vote? The PRESIDING OFFICER. The (a) POINT OF ORDER.—It shall not be in The yeas and nays resulted—yeas 45, question is on agreeing to the motion order in the Senate to consider any bill, res- nays 55, as follows:

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00080 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7361 [Rollcall Vote No. 201 Leg.] (3) The Impact Aid program is one of the (5) full-time students already work an av- YEAS—45 few Federal education programs where funds erage of 25 hours per week, taking time away are sent directly to the school district. Such from their studies; and Akaka Feingold Leahy Baucus Feinstein Levin funds go directly into the general fund and (6) student indebtedness is already increas- Biden Ford Lieberman may be used as the local educational agency ing rapidly, and any reduction of the in- Bingaman Glenn Mikulski decides. school interest subsidy will increase the in- Boxer Graham Moseley-Braun (4) The Impact Aid program covers less debtedness burden on students and families. Bradley Harkin Moynihan than half of what it costs to educate each (b) SENSE OF THE SENATE.—It is the sense Breaux Heflin Murray federally connected student in some school of the Senate that the assumptions under- Bryan Hollings Pell districts, requiring local school districts or lying the functional totals in this resolution Bumpers Inouye Pryor assume the Labor and Human Resources Chafee Johnston Reid States to provide the remainder. Conrad Kennedy Robb (5) Added to the burden described in para- Committee, in seeking to achieve mandatory Daschle Kerrey Rockefeller graph (4) is the fact that some States do not savings, should not increase the cost of bor- Dodd Kerry Sarbanes rely upon an income tax for State funding of rowing for students participating in the Rob- Dorgan Kohl Simon education. In these cases, the loss of prop- ert T. Stafford Federal Student Loan Pro- Exon Lautenberg Wellstone erty tax revenue makes State and local edu- gram. NAYS—55 cation funding even more difficult to obtain. Mr. EXON. The Pell amendment ex- (6) Given the serious budget constraints Abraham Gorton Murkowski presses the sense of the Senate that the facing State and local governments it is crit- Ashcroft Gramm Nickles ical that the Federal Government continue Labor and Human Resources Com- Bennett Grams Nunn mittee, in seeking to achieve manda- Bond Grassley Packwood to fulfill its responsibility to the federally Brown Gregg Pressler impact school districts in our Nation’s tory savings, should not increase the Burns Hatch Roth States. cost of borrowing for students partici- Byrd Hatfield Santorum (b) SENSE OF THE SENATE.—It is the sense pating in the Robert T. Stafford Fed- Campbell Helms Shelby of the Senate that in the assumptions for the Coats Hutchison eral Student Loan Program. Simpson overall accounts it is assumed that—the Fed- Cochran Inhofe Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, who is Smith Cohen Jeffords eral Government has a financial responsi- Snowe bility to schools in our Nation’s commu- the sponsor of that amendment? Coverdell Kassebaum Mr. EXON. Senator PELL. Craig Kempthorne Specter nities which are adversely affected by Fed- D’Amato Kyl Stevens eral activities and that funding for such re- Mr. DOMENICI. Could he change a DeWine Lott Thomas sponsibilities should not be reduced or elimi- couple of the words? Dole Lugar Thompson nated. Mr. EXON. I am advised we cannot Domenici Mack Thurmond accept this until we clear it with Sen- Faircloth McCain Warner Mr. EXON. This is sense of the Sen- Frist McConnell ate on impact aid, to recognize the fact ator PELL. I apologize to my friend. The PRESIDING OFFICER. On this that the Federal Government has a fi- Can we lay this aside? Mr. DOMENICI. Pleased to do it. I question, the yeas are 45, the nays are nancial obligation to schools in our 55. Three-fifths of the Senators duly communities adversely affected by suggest the absence of a quorum. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The chosen and sworn having not voted in some of the proposed activities, and clerk will call the roll. the affirmative, the motion is rejected. that we should not reduce or eliminate The point of order is sustained and funding for these responsibilities. The legislative clerk proceeded to the amendment falls. Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I am call the roll. Mr. DOLE. Mr. President, I ask unan- AMENDMENT NO. 1164 prepared to accept the amendment if imous consent that the order for the (Purpose: To express the sense of the Senate there will be no rollcall vote. that the Federal Government has a finan- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The quorum call be rescinded. cial responsibility to schools in our Na- question is on agreeing to the amend- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without tion’s communities which are adversely af- ment. objection, it is so ordered. fected by Federal activities and that fund- The amendment (No. 1164) was agreed Mr. DOLE. Mr. President, there will ing for such responsibilities should not be to. be one more vote tonight, and what- reduced or eliminated) Mr. DOMENICI. I move to reconsider ever it is, that will be the last vote. Mr. EXON. Mr. President, I send an the vote by which the amendment was Then at 7 o’clock we will proceed to amendment to the desk and ask for its agreed to. debate the rescission conference re- immediate consideration. Mr. EXON. I move to lay that motion port, but that will not be voted on The PRESIDING OFFICER. The on the table. until tomorrow. The first vote tomor- clerk will report. The motion to lay on the table was row will be at 9 o’clock, if it is all right The assistant legislative clerk read agreed to. with the Democratic leader, on the as follows: AMENDMENT NO. 1165 conference report. Then we will start The Senator from Nebraska [Mr. EXON] for (Purpose: To express the sense of the Senate voting on amendments from 9 o’clock himself, and Mrs. MURRAY, Mr. DASCHLE, Mr. regarding student loan cuts) until some time late in the day, I as- PRESSLER, Mr. AKAKA, Mrs. HUTCHISON, Mr. sume. LEVIN, Mr. BINGAMAN, Mr. PELL, Mr. DORGAN, Mr. EXON. Mr. President, I send an Mr. BAUCUS, Mr. KERREY, and Mrs. KASSE- amendment to the desk and ask for its I would hope that some of my col- BAUM proposes an amendment numbered 1164. immediate consideration. leagues will take another look at their The amendment is as follows: The PRESIDING OFFICER. The amendments and see if they really feel At the end of title III, insert the following: clerk will report. it is important. The point I want to make is I made SEC. . SENSE OF THE SENATE. The legislative clerk read as follows: (a) FINDINGS.—The Senate finds as follows: The Senator from Nebraska [Mr. EXON] for a promise to the President we would (1) In order to fulfill its responsibility to Mr. PELL proposes an amendment numbered try to do the counter—antiterrorism communities that were adversely affected by 1165. bill. I want to try to keep that prom- Federal activities, the Congress established At the end of title III, insert the following: ise. I do not know how we can do it if the Impact Aid program in 1950. SEC. . STUDENT LOAN CUTS. we spend all day tomorrow voting. (2) The Impact Aid program is intended to (a) FINDINGS.—The Senate finds that— ease the burden on local school districts for The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- (1) in the 20th century, educational in- ator from New Mexico. educating children who live on Federal prop- creases in the workforce accounted for 30 erty. Since Federal property is exempt from percent of the growth in our Nation’s wealth, Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, might local property taxes, such districts are de- and advances in knowledge accounted for 55 I say to the distinguished majority nied the primary source of revenue used to percent of such growth; leader, I believe they are working dili- finance elementary and secondary education. (2) the Federal Government provides 75 gently to try to cut back on the Most Impact Aid payments are made for stu- percent of all college financial aid; amendments. I thank him for urging dents whose parents are in the uniformed (3) the Federal student loan program was that. We believe we can modify the services, or for students who reside on Indian created to make college accessible and af- Pell amendment and accept it. lands or in federally subsidized low-rent fordable for the middle class; housing projects. Over 1,600 local educational (4) increased fees and interest costs dis- Mr. EXON. Would the Senator please agencies enrolling over 17,000,000 children are courage college participation by making state how he would like to have it provided assistance under the Impact Aid higher education more expensive, and more amended? It has been agreed to and program. of a risk, for students and their families; Senator PELL has authorized it. He is

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00081 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7362 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 24, 1995 right here. He has authorized me to On page 5, line 9, increase the amount by The Lautenberg-Rockefeller amend- agree to the changes you had sug- $392,000,000. ment provides that money saved from gested, Senator. On page 5, line 10, increase the amount by repealing this tax loophole will be used $412,000,000. Mr. DOMENICI. That is not the On page 5, line 17, increase the amount by to restore funds for critical veterans’ amendment. $47,000,000. programs. These individuals have been Mr. FORD. It is at the desk. On page 5, line 18, increase the amount by unfairly and continually targeted as a Mr. EXON. Mr. President, we will $144,000,000. means to help balance the budget. Dur- temporarily set aside the Pell amend- On page 5, line 19, increase the amount by ing the balanced budget amendment ment. $197,000,000. debate earlier this year, I supported an On page 5, line 20, increase the amount by AMENDMENT NO. 1166 amendment by Senator ROCKEFELLER $257,000,000. (Purpose: To repeal the ex-patriots billion- On page 5, line 21, increase the amount by that exempted current veterans’ bene- aires tax loophole and put the money into $322,000,000. fits from cuts. That amendment failed veterans programs to assist American pa- On page 5, line 22, increase the amount by 33 to 62, signaling the intent to further triots) $392,000,000. cut the benefits of these individuals. On page 5, line 23, increase the amount by Mr. EXON. Mr. President, I send an This budget resolution seeks to cut amendment to the desk and ask for its $412,000,000. On page 6, line 16, increase the amount by $15.4 billion in funding for veterans’ immediate consideration. programs through 2002. This will result The PRESIDING OFFICER. The $47,000,000. On page 6, line 17, increase the amount by in denying care to almost 1 million vet- clerk will report. $144,000,000. erans, and closing the equivalent of 35 The legislative clerk read as follows: On page 6, line 18, increase the amount by of its hospitals. Clearly, this is not an The Senator from Nebraska [Mr. EXON], for $197,000,000. effective or responsible way to care for On page 6, line 19, increase the amount by Mr. LAUTENBERG for himself, Mr. ROCKE- the needs of our Nation’s veterans. We FELLER, Mrs. MURRAY, Mr. HARKIN, Mr. $257,000,000. WELLSTONE, Mr. REID, Mr. DASCHLE, and Ms. On page 6, line 20, increase the amount by should be working on ways to improve MIKULSKI proposes an amendment numbered $322,000,000. care for veterans, not diminish it. 1166. On page 6, line 21, increase the amount by Mr. President, I understand the need $392,000,000. Mr. EXON. Mr. President, I ask unan- On page 6, line 22, increase the amount by to make difficult choices about which imous consent that reading of the $412,000,000. programs to cut in our push to balance amendment be dispensed with. On page 43, line 24, increase the amount by the budget, and that certain sacrifices The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without $47,000,000. must be made. However, we must not objection, it is so ordered. On page 43, line 25, increase the amount by lose sight of the promises made to The amendment is as follows: $47,000,000. those men and women who fought to On page 44, line 7, increase the amount by help preserve democracy in our coun- On page 3, line 10, increase the amount by $144,000,000. $47,000,000. On page 44, line 8, increase the amount by try and around the world. We cannot On page 3, line 11, increase the amount by $144,000,000. revoke the very care and benefits that $144,000,000. On page 44, line 15, increase the amount by were promised to these individuals On page 3, line 12, increase the amount by $197,000,000. when they put their lives on the line $197,000,000. On page 44, line 16, increase the amount by and served their country. On page 3, line 13, increase the amount by $197,000,000. $257,000,000. On page 44, line 23, increase the amount by As the daughter of a disabled vet- On page 3, line 14, increase the amount by $257,000,000. eran, I understand the toll debilitating $322,000,000. On page 44, line 24, increase the amount by diseases take on a family. I understand On page 3, line 15, increase the amount by $257,000,000. the value of the VA health system and $392,000,000. On page 45, line 7, increase the amount by On page 3, line 16, increase the amount by the critical research being done to help $322,000,000. improve patient care. This amendment $412,000,000. On page 45, line 8, increase the amount by On page 3, line 20, increase the amount by $322,000,000. seeks to right a serious wrong. It will $47,000,000. On page 45, line 15, increase the amount by help restore funding for veterans pro- On page 3, line 21, increase the amount by $392,000,000. grams that provide medical care and $144,000,000. On page 45, line 16, increase the amount by medical research for the true patriots On page 3, line 22, increase the amount by $392,000,000. of this country, and stop an egregious $197,000,000. On page 45, line 23, increase the amount by On page 3, line 23, increase the amount by abuse of a tax loophole by those indi- $412,000,000. viduals who wish to be ex-patriots. $257,000,000. On page 45, line 24, increase the amount by On page 3, line 24, increase the amount by $412,000,000. I strongly urge my colleagues to sup- $322,000,000. On page 64, line 24, decrease the amount by port this amendment and help main- On page 3, line 25, increase the amount by $47,000,000. tain the promises made to the veterans $392,000,000. On page 64, line 25, decrease the amount by of this country. On page 4, line 1, increase the amount by $967,000,000. $412,000,000. On page 65, line 2, decrease the amount by Mr. DASCHLE. Mr. President, this On page 4, line 18, increase the amount by $1,771,000,000. year marks the 50th anniversary of the $47,000,000. Mrs. MURRAY. Mr. President, I am a end of the Second World War and the On page 4, line 19, increase the amount by proud cosponsor of the amendment of- 20th anniversary of the end of the Viet- $144,000,000. nam war. It is a sad irony that at the On page 4, line 20, increase the amount by fered by my colleagues, Senators LAU- $197,000,000. TENBERG and ROCKEFELLER, to restore same time we honor the brave men and On page 4, line 21, increase the amount by funding to veterans’ programs by clos- women who served so valiantly in these $257,000,000. ing the ex-patriots tax loophole. two wars, Senate Republicans are seek- On page 4, line 22, increase the amount by This provision, which allows billion- ing to cut funding for veterans’ pro- $322,000,000. aires to renounce their citizenship to grams. On page 4, line 23, increase the amount by $392,000,000. avoid paying taxes, has been quite pop- I support a balanced budget, and I On page 4, line 24, increase the amount by ular this year. On two occasions, the want to work with my Republican col- $412,000,000. Senate has resoundingly supported leagues to get there. However, we can On page 5, line 4, increase the amount by changing this tax loophole. Unfortu- get to a balanced budget without dam- $47,000,000. nately, final legislation to close this aging veterans’ programs. To do other- On page 5, line 5, increase the amount by loophole has not yet passed. Today we wise says that the sacrifices of those $144,000,000. have an important opportunity to close who were ready to risk their lives can On page 5, line 6, increase the amount by this unfair loophole once and for all be cheaply bought and easily forgotten. $197,000,000. On page 5, line 7, increase the amount by and to help those individuals who must It says that solemn promises by Gov- $257,000,000. now face personal battles each and ernment to those who have risked all On page 5, line 8, increase the amount by every day because they sacrificed for in the service of Government can be $322,000,000. their country. casually disregarded.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00082 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7363 The Republican budget resolution In lieu of the matter proposed, insert the On page 43, line 25, increase the amount by would slice almost $16 billion from vet- following: $0. erans’ programs over the next 7 years. On page 3, line 10, increase the amount by On page 44, line 7, increase the amount by Part of this savings would come from $0. $0. On page 3, line 11, increase the amount by On page 44, line 8, increase the amount by freezing VA medical care at the fiscal $0. $0. year 1995 level for the next 7 years. On page 3, line 12, increase the amount by On page 44, line 15, increase the amount by This would be a drastic blow to a sys- $0. $0. tem that is already sorely underfunded. On page 3, line 13, increase the amount by On page 44, line 16, increase the amount by It will affect every VA health care fa- $0. $0. cility at the same time resources will On page 3, line 14, increase the amount by On page 44, line 23, increase the amount by be withdrawn from Medicare and Med- $0. $0. On page 3, line 15, increase the amount by icaid, leading to additional pressures On page 44, line 24, increase the amount by $0. $0. on the VA system. On page 3, line 16, increase the amount by On page 45, line 7, increase the amount by The budget resolution also proposes $0. $0. to phase out VA construction by 1999. On page 3, line 20, increase the amount by On page 45, line 8, increase the amount by According to the Disabled American $0. $0. Veterans, that would lead to the can- On page 3, line 21, increase the amount by On page 45, line 15, increase the amount by cellation of 215 projects needed to meet $0. $0. On page 3, line 22, increase the amount by On page 45, line 16, increase the amount by current health care delivery standards. $0. Clearly, this ill-advised move would $0. On page 3, line 23, increase the amount by On page 45, line 23, increase the amount by jeopardize the quality of veterans’ care $0. $0. across the country. On page 3, line 24, increase the amount by On page 45, line 24, increase the amount by At the same time it cuts funding for $0. $0. needed veterans’ programs, this budget On page 3, line 25, increase the amount by On page 64, line 24, increase the amount by resolution does nothing to prevent bil- $0. $0. lionaires living abroad from renounc- On page 4, line 1, increase the amount by On page 64, line 25, increase the amount by $0. $0. ing their U.S. citizenship solely to On page 4, line 18, increase the amount by avoid U.S. taxes on their fortunes. Al- On page 65, line 2, increase the amount by $0. $0. though relatively few individuals On page 4, line 19, increase the amount by choose expatriation for this purpose, $0. SEC. . SENSE OF THE SENATE. the resulting revenue loss to the U.S. On page 4, line 20, increase the amount by It is the Sense of the Senate that the as- $0. sumptions underlying the functional totals Treasury is significant. Specifically, in this resolution include that the increased closing this tax loophole would raise On page 4, line 21, increase the amount by $0. revenues resulting from the revision of the $3.6 billion in the first 5 years from an On page 4, line 22, increase the amount by expatriate tax loophole should be used to estimated two dozen individuals. $0. eliminate the earnings penalty imposed on The Lautenberg-Rockfeller amend- On page 4, line 23, increase the amount by low and middle income senior citizens re- ment addresses both of these short- $0. ceiving social security. comings in the current budget resolu- On page 4, line 24, increase the amount by Mr. DOMENICI. This repeals the ex- tion. Simply, the amendment would $0. patriots tax loophole and uses the deny huge tax benefits to ex-patriots On page 5, line 4, increase the amount by money to eliminate the Social Secu- and use that savings to restore some of $0. rity earnings penalty. On page 5, line 5, increase the amount by the funding being taken from the VA. $0. Mr. President, I ask for the yeas and As this important amendment illus- On page 5, line 6, increase the amount by nays. trates, we don’t have to sacrifice the $0. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there a goal of a balanced budget to correct On page 5, line 7, increase the amount by sufficient second? what’s wrong with this budget resolu- $0. There is a sufficient second. tion. We need only correct the badly On page 5, line 8, increase the amount by The yeas and nays were ordered. $0. unbalanced priorities it establishes. VOTE ON AMENDMENT NO. 1167 TO AMENDMENT On page 5, line 9, increase the amount by Mr. EXON. Mr. President, this NO. 1166 $0. amendment I am offering on behalf of On page 5, line 10, increase the amount by The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator LAUTENBERG is called the ex- $0. question is on agreeing to the amend- patriots amendment. This amendment On page 5, line 17, increase the amount by ment. The yeas and nays have been or- would close the loophole that allows $0. dered. billionaires and others to avoid Federal On page 5, line 18, increase the amount by The clerk will call the roll. taxes by renouncing their citizenship, $0. The assistant legislative clerk called On page 5, line 19, increase the amount by and would apply the savings for restor- the roll. ing funding for the veterans programs. $0. On page 5, line 20, increase the amount by The result was announced, yeas 97, AMENDMENT NO. 1167 TO AMENDMENT NO. 1166 $0. nays 3, as follows: (Purpose: To repeal the ‘‘Ex-Patriots’’ loop- On page 5, line 21, increase the amount by [Rollcall Vote No. 202 Leg.] hole and use the money to eliminate the $0. YEAS—97 Social Security earnings penalty) On page 5, line 22, increase the amount by Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I send $0. Abraham Conrad Gregg On page 5, line 23, increase the amount by Akaka Coverdell Harkin a second-degree amendment to the Ashcroft Craig Hatch desk for Senator MCCAIN and ask for $0. Baucus D’Amato Hatfield its immediate consideration. On page 6, line 16, increase the amount by Bennett Daschle Heflin $0. Biden DeWine Helms The PRESIDING OFFICER. The On page 6, line 17, increase the amount by Bingaman Dodd Hollings clerk will report. $0. Bond Dole Hutchison The legislative clerk read as follows: On page 6, line 18, increase the amount by Boxer Domenici Inhofe Bradley Dorgan Inouye OMEN $0. The Senator from New Mexico [Mr. D - Breaux Faircloth Jeffords ICI], for Mr. MCCAIN and Mr. BROWN, proposes On page 6, line 19, increase the amount by Brown Feingold Johnston an amendment numbered 1167 to amendment $0. Bryan Feinstein Kassebaum 1166. On page 6, line 20, increase the amount by Bumpers Ford Kempthorne Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I ask $0. Burns Frist Kennedy On page 6, line 21, increase the amount by Byrd Glenn Kerrey unanimous consent that reading of the $0. Campbell Gorton Kerry amendment be dispensed with. On page 6, line 22, increase the amount by Chafee Graham Kohl The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Coats Gramm Kyl $0. Cochran Grams Lautenberg objection, it is so ordered. On page 43, line 24, increase the amount by Cohen Grassley Leahy The amendment is as follows: $0.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00083 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7364 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 24, 1995 Levin Packwood Simpson such critical areas as education, infra- duce cuts imposed by Senate Concur- Lieberman Pell Smith structure, and research and develop- rent Resolution 13 on Medicare, edu- Lott Pressler Snowe Lugar Pryor Specter ment. cation, EITC and farm programs. As I Mack Reid Stevens It is a better budget because it eases noted in the statement I delivered to McCain Robb Thomas the unprecedented cuts in our Federal this body yesterday, those cuts are too McConnell Rockefeller Thompson health programs contained in the Re- severe and will hurt the elderly, young Moseley-Braun Roth Thurmond Murkowski Santorum publican budget, replacing $l00 billion Warner people looking to educate themselves, Murray Sarbanes Wellstone in Medicare and $50 billion in Medicaid. as well as the ordinary fellow trying to Nickles Shelby It is a better budget because it re- Nunn Simon support grandparents and put his kids stricts current tax loopholes for citi- through college. NAYS—3 zens who make more than $l40,000 a Amendments which would have ap- Exon Mikulski Moynihan year, bringing greater and urgently plied the $170 billion in savings to re- So, the amendment (No. 1167) was needed equity to our current tax struc- duce the cuts did not pass. agreed to. ture. Today, we consider Senator FEIN- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The And it is a better budget, Mr. Presi- GOLD’s amendment which bars using question now occurs on amendment No. dent, because it does not designate the the $170 billion savings for tax cuts and 1166, as amended. so-called economic dividend to an inde- would instead apply it to create a So the amendment (No. 1166), as fensible tax cut which may ultimately budget surplus. amended, was agreed to. benefit our wealthiest citizens. Mr. President, I strongly support the I participated in efforts to craft this need to bring our annual deficit to AMENDMENT NO. 1165, AS MODIFIED budget resolution, Mr. President, be- zero. I voted for the balanced budget Mr. DASCHLE. Mr. President, on be- cause I believe strongly that we Demo- amendment and would do so again. half of Senator PELL, I send a modifica- crats cannot simply be against every- Yet, selective, focused tax cuts would tion of amendment No. 1165 to the desk thing on the table. Rather, we have a be appropriate. Tax cuts that will spe- and ask unanimous consent that the profound obligation to be for some- cifically benefit the middle class tax- amendment be so modified, agreed to, thing as well. payers who find their expectations of a and the motion to reconsider be laid on While no document crafted by more better future challenged or reduced the table. than one Senator can make any Sen- from day to day and who are struggling Mr. DOLE. We have no objection. ator completely happy, I am com- to support aging parents and who want The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without fortable that this budget brings much their children to have the benefit of a objection, it is so ordered. needed equity to our debate. It gives us college education. At this early point The amendment (No. 1165), as modi- a plan where revenues are on the table in time, we should not rule out giving fied, is as follows: along with spending cuts, where crit- them a break. At the end of title III, insert the following: ical investments in our people are pre- For that reason, Mr. President, I op- SEC. . STUDENT LOAN CUTS. served whenever possible, where our pose the Feingold amendment. (a) FINDINGS.—The Senate finds that— wealthiest do not benefit at the ex- Mr. PELL. Mr. President, as the dis- (1) in the 20th century, educational in- pense of our neediest, and, where—very cussion on the budget resolution has creases in the workforce accounted for 30 importantly—our Federal budget is progressed, it appears that there are percent of the growth in our Nation’s wealth, balanced. fundamental and partisan differences and advances in knowledge accounted for 55 Let me repeat that final point, Mr. on our spending priorities and pro- percent of such growth; (2) the Federal Government provides 75 President. grams. Some of these differences go to percent of all college financial aid; We offer today a budget resolution the heart of the Democratic and Re- (3) the Federal student loan program was that commits us to more deficit reduc- publican approaches to governance, created to make college accessible and af- tion than the Republican alternatives and call into question the Federal Gov- fordable for the middle class; by the year 2002. In fact, the budget we ernment’s role in society. Soon we may (4) increased fees and interest costs dis- propose reaches true balance without be dismantling the core components of courage college participation by making using the surplus in the Social Secu- a decades-old social compact between higher education more expensive, and more rity trust fund by the year 2004. In this the American government and people. of a risk, for students and their families; (5) full-time students already work an av- amendment, we call for the elimi- Our social safety net—Medicare and erage of 25 hours per week, taking time away nation of our deficit and we outline the Medicaid, education, support and as- from their studies; and budgets that get us there. sistance for our Nation’s poor—is the (6) student indebtedness is already increas- This debate is not about whether or priority one issue of our time. It is one ing rapidly, and any reduction of the in- not we should have a balanced budget. of the most important functions of our school interest subsidy will increase the in- This debate is how to balance it. Government, and it encompasses the debtedness burden on students and families. While I believe the cuts in the Repub- matters about which the American (b) SENSE OF THE SENATE.—It is the sense lican budget resolution may be people care most deeply. As critical as of the Senate that the assumptions under- unsustainable when committees try to lying the functional totals in this resolution they are, however, this budget debate assume the Labor and Human Resources implement them, the plan we offer is about more than just our domestic Committee, in seeking to achieve mandatory today, Mr. President, is fair and defen- spending priorities. The spending cuts savings, should do their best to not increase sible. It is about meeting our obliga- in the budget plan are so wholesale and the cost of borrowing for students partici- tion to our children and our grand- comprehensive that they will dras- pating in the Robert T. Stafford Federal Stu- children in a manner that more respon- tically curtail the U.S. ability to con- dent Loan Program. sibly protects the strength and secu- duct diplomacy and advance our inter- ALTERNATIVE BUDGET rity of their future. ests abroad. Mr. ROBB. Mr. President, I rise I urge my colleagues to support the I would like to take a moment, Mr. today as a supporter and original co- very serious alternative resolution we President, to focus on the impact of sponsor of the amendment offered by bring before the Senate today, Mr. the proposed spending cuts on foreign my distinguished friend from North President, and I yield the floor. affairs—the so-called 150 account. This Dakota, which presents an alternative AMENDMENT NO. 1127 budget will slash funding for U.S. for- budget resolution to the committee- Mr. BAUCUS. Mr. President, Senator eign affairs agencies, personnel and as- passed version before us. FEINGOLD’s amendment would prohibit sistance programs; virtually eliminate While both plans theoretically us from applying any savings above U.S. financial support for the United achieve balance by the year 2002, I be- and beyond a balanced budget to tax Nations; and shackle the ability of the lieve our alterative is a better budget cuts. The majority has estimated that United States to participate in U.N. in many important ways. those savings would be in the range of peacekeeping missions. It is a better budget because it maxi- $170 billion over the next 7 years. Even though it has yet to be adopted, mizes our future investments in our I believe we should have used the es- the resolution already has had a debili- people, restoring partial funding in timated $170 billion in savings to re- tating impact on our foreign policy

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00084 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7365 agencies and programs. Last week the Mr. PRESSLER. Mr. President, over- attract businesses, and offers grants Senate Committee on Foreign Rela- all, I am supportive of this budget reso- for feasibility studies associated with tions reported—on a straight party-line lution. I believe it provides a sensible economic development projects. South vote—foreign relations authorizing leg- roadmap toward balancing the Federal Dakota clearly has benefitted from the islation that will cut spending for the budget over the next 7 years and I com- work of Jeff Nelson, as the general Department of State and U.S. foreign mend my colleagues on the Budget manager of the East River Electric policy programs by $3.5 billion during Committee for their efforts. Power Cooperative. the next 4 years. Yesterday the Com- However, there is one area of the mittee began to mark up foreign aid budget resolution with which I dis- Public power is a South Dakota suc- authorizing legislation, which if re- agree: the proposal to sell the Power cess story. It is the source of innova- ported will have an equally devastating Marketing Administrations. This sale tion, development, and community effect on our overseas assistance pro- would have a devastating effect on pride. I am sure the same is true in gram. South Dakota’s rural communities and other small cities and rural commu- Together, these bills will abolish small cities—and on people across the nities across America. That is why I three major foreign affairs agencies— country. disagree with the Budget Committee’s ACDA, USIA, and USAID. They will That is why I rise today to join my recommendation to sell WAPA and two curtail U.S. participation in the United colleague from Montana in offering a other power marketing administra- Nations Organization and support for sense-of-the-Senate to strike the Budg- tions. This is simply economic smoke U.N. peacekeeping. They will slash for- et Committee’s recommendation to sell and mirrors used to cover up a back- eign aid spending and virtually elimi- the Western Area, Southwestern, and door tax on rural and small city Ameri- nate U.S. support for multilateral lend- Southeastern Power Marketing Admin- cans. ing institutions. They will arbitrarily istrations—collectively known as the In essence, this would force South prohibit U.S. participation in multilat- PMA’s. eral environmental organizations and Public power serves many functions Dakotans—and public power consumers adversely affect the implementation of in South Dakota. As a sparsely popu- everywhere—to cover for the rest of critical environmental initiatives. The lated State, utilities are faced with the America. Why? Because the sale of the rush to cut spending is such that the challenge of how to get affordable elec- PMA’s could result in rate increases Foreign Relations Committee bills will tricity into small cities and rural com- totaling more than $47 million. authorize spending at levels far below munities where there are less than two In addition, many of my colleagues even what the budget resolution cur- people per mile of transmission line. claim that the sale of the PMA’s would rently recommends—perhaps as much Public power provides the solution. as $600 million. generate revenue for the Federal Gov- On its surface, I acknowledge that for In public power utilities, the only in- ernment. Will it? Let us look at the some, this news will not be entirely vestors are the consumers. Revenues facts. are reinvested in the community—in disappointing. There are those who do PMA’s still owe almost $15 billion in the form of taxes and services. And, the not understand the value of spending principal. Also, more than $9 billion in money on foreign affairs programs, and low cost of power is essential to en- courage economic development in interest already has been paid to the most opinion polls place foreign aid Federal Government. By selling the near the bottom in terms of public sup- small cities and towns. Public power, purchased through the PMA’s, the Government would forfeit port. At the same time, Americans Western Area Power Administration, future interest payments. want the United States to remain a known as WAPA, costs South Dakotans prominent world power in the post-cold In fact, a recent report prepared by an average of 2.5 cents less than the war era. The people understand this, the Congressional Research Service market rate. This allows revenue to be and the times demand it. Our economic demonstrates just how much money reinvested in additional transmission future lies in a global trading system; the PMA’s are expected to contribute lines, and better service. The avail- if we want to protect our national in- to the Federal Government. This year, ability of hydropower from the Mis- terests we must be active players in WAPA is expected to pay back $225.1 souri River to rural cooperatives and the international system. million borrowed from the Federal The problem, however, is that the municipals has helped to stabilize Government. But WAPA will also re- scope and scale of the budget and rates. With 7,758 miles of transmission turn another $153.4 million to the spending proposals will force the lines in the Pick-Sloan region, WAPA Treasury. Given these figures, it is United States to retreat into isolation. can serve 133,100 South Dakotans— clear that this plan does not make All of these initiatives are negative in without charging them an arm and a good economic sense. tone; they dictate or suggest that we leg. As my colleagues know, this is not a should not engage in certain activities. Public power has brought more than They do not offer affirmative policy electricity to South Dakota. For exam- new issue. I have been fighting the pro- prescriptions. In the post-cold war era, ple, Missouri Basin Municipal Power posed sale of the PMA’s ever since I Republicans and Democrats should be Agency, based in Sioux Falls, has em- came to Congress. In 1986, the Reagan working together to fashion a bipar- barked on a program offering incen- administration made similar attempts tisan strategy for U.S. foreign policy in tives for planting trees. The goal is to to privatize the PMA’s. I worked with the 21 century. Instead, we are wasting plant at least one tree for each 112,500 many of you to pass a law to prevent our time debating neo-isolationist pro- meters in the agency’s membership ter- the Department of Energy form pur- posals which, if adopted, will result in ritory. In fact, Missouri Basin was rec- suing any future plans to sell the the United States becoming a feeble, ognized by the Department of Energy PMA’s, unless specifically authorized second-rate power. We will be unable to for outstanding participation in this by Congress. As the debate over the exert influence or work cooperatively Global Climate Change Program. I con- sale of the PMA’s rises again, it seems with the international community to gratulate Tom Heller of Missouri Basin this law has been forgotten. resolve conflicts, advance our interest, for this excellent community service Mr. President, once again, we are program. or promote democratic and free market fighting to prove the worth of public principles. Public power also brings new jobs to As written, the budget resolution the communities it serves. In part due power. Once again, we must dem- would set us squarely down the road to- to the low cost of power from East onstrate how necessary it is to the ward retrenchment and withdrawal. If River Electric, there are now three in- lives of rural and small city Ameri- we choose to go this route, we will do jection molding plants based in Madi- cans. The people of South Dakota have grave disservice to the next generation son, SD—creating snowmobile parts. stated their message loudly and clear- of Americans. At the end of World War Arctic Cat, PPD, and Falcon Plastics ly—through thousands of postcards, II, we chose not to yield to the tempta- employ approximately 200 people in letters, and phone calls. South Dako- tion of isolationism, and our country Madison. tans such as Ron Holstein. Bob Martin, prospered as it never had before. I East River also is involved in other and Jeff Nelson have been leaders in think we should have learned our les- economic development activities. It their opposition to the proposed AMA son by now. provides classes to help the community sale and I appreciate their hard work.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00085 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7366 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 24, 1995 Public power is a solid investment According to the most recent esti- Choice #1: Do not change the way in which for the Nation. Public power is one of mates of Medicare spending—the Medicare is run by the government, and pay the great success stogie of South Da- March baseline issued by the Congres- for future benefits by raising new revenues kota. I urge all my colleagues to stand sional Budget Office—in 1995, Medicare through higher payroll and other taxes or by diverting money from other programs. This united behind this amendment to allow is expected to spend $181.2 billion— means Medicare survives only by draining the continued existence of the public $113.6 billion in outlays for hospital money away from the rest of the budget or power, and the essential service it pro- costs, and $67.6 billion for physician by raising taxes. vides to the Americans who reside in and related costs. Choice #2: Change the way Medicare is run small cities and rural communities. Ten years from now, however, total so that benefits are delivered more effi- Now is not the time to mess with suc- hospital outlays are expected to grow ciently, avoiding future tax increases or a di- cess. to $247 billion, and physician costs to version of money from other programs. Mak- Mr. HATCH. Mr. President, I wanted $215.8 billion. ing the program more efficient would im- to take a few moments to comment on prove the quality of benefits and the choices These numbers are troublesome for available to retirees while reducing the dou- the effect of the pending budget resolu- two reasons. First of all, they show a ble-digit rate of outlay increases. This would tion on the Medicare Program. level of spending which cannot be sus- slow the depletion of the trust fund and sta- I believe history will indicate there tained. They indicate that spending for bilize the program. is no one in this body who has risen to the Medicare Program is expected to As an illustration of the impact of give a more vigorous defense against increase over the next decade to almost choice No. 1, Mr. Butler noted that the unwise Medicare reductions than I. half a trillion dollars, to $463.2 billion Medicare Hospital Insurance Trust Medicare is an important program. It to be exact—more than double current Fund could be put on a sound, perma- provides needed, valuable, and indeed levels. vital, services for millions of elderly nent actuarial footing right now—by And second, they show the dramatic raising payroll taxes 3.52 percent on and disabled Americans. Thirty-seven rise in spending for part B. This year, and one-half million to be exact. top of the current 2.9-percent rate. The part B costs are roughly half of the impact, however, would be enormous. A Our job is to ensure that bene- amount for part A. In 10 years, they are ficiaries have the services they need, worker earning $45,000 would pay an ad- almost equal. ditional $1,584 a year, obviously an un- that the services are of the highest Third, projected shortfalls in Medi- quality possible, and that they are wise step which would not be accept- care are astronomical. The Congres- able to the Congress. cost-efficient. We need to ensure that sional Budget Office has estimated that services are available in rural as well Clearly, the better course of action is it will take $345 billion in additional as urban areas. We need to make sure to improve the Medicare program, revenues just to keep Medicare solvent that we have a system which provides making it more efficient and cost con- over the next decade. This is $345 bil- incentives for providers to deliver this scious. This will not be an easy task. lion extra. high-quality, cost-efficient care. Indeed, it will be extremely difficult, The budget resolution assumes a In sum, on this, the 30th anniversary perhaps the most difficult task that $265-billion reduction in the rate of in- of Medicare’s inception, we must do ev- has faced the Congress in decades. But erything we can to preserve the pro- crease over the next 7 years, thus keep- it must be done. gram, not tear it apart. ing the program solvent for that time In closing, Mr. President, I wish to What is largely ignored, however, is period. make one final point. the fact that absent any congressional Fourth, the budget resolution does I do not wish to give the impression action, Medicare will go bankrupt by not cut Medicare, it cuts its rate of that I am diminishing the enormity of 2002. In fact, it will run into the red by growth. Under this budget resolution, the task before us. next year. Medicare spending will still exceed I am extremely concerned about My question is that: Is it the budget $1.65 trillion over the next 7 years. Medicare reductions of this magnitude. that threatens Medicare—or the very Medicare spending is projected to grow I could not vote for this budget if I design of the program? by 94 percent between fiscal years 1995 thought that we were taking an action The answer is clearly the latter, as and 2002 under this budget. Put another that would lead to the demise of Medi- most experts will concur. way, on average Medicare spending is care. Medicare is a promise we made to Let us look at the facts. projected to grow at nearly 10 percent our Nation’s elderly and future elderly. First, Medicare is going bankrupt. annually, while private health spend- On the contrary, after considerable The 1995 Annual Report of the Board of ing will average less than 7 percent. study of this issue, I can come to no Trustees of the Federal Hospital Insur- Under the budget resolution, Medicare other conclusion than that taking no ance Trust Fund, issued on April 3, in- spending will still grow on average 7.1 action will lead to the demise of Medi- dicate that the present financing percent per year. care. schedule for the HI—Hospital Insur- Fifth, to do nothing would be fiscally I believe it would be both fiscally and ance, or part A—program is sufficient and morally irresponsible. As I have morally irresponsible to stand aside to ensure the payment of benefits only said, absent congressional action, and propose no changes in Medicare, over the next 7 years. The situation for Medicare will go bankrupt, pure and knowing all the while that a staunch physician payments under part B of simple. But there is another compel- adherence to the status quo would lead Medicare, is only slightly more opti- ling fact to consider. Total Medicare to bankruptcy of the program. mistic. expenditures this fiscal year will ac- Let me hasten to add that I will be Second, we cannot sustain the cur- count for 11.5 percent of the entire Fed- monitoring this situation very, very rent growth rate of Medicare. Over the eral budget. Clearly this growth rate is carefully. next 7 years, the period of this budget unsustainable; it threatens both cur- Under the budget resolution, the resolution, Medicare hospital benefits rent and future beneficiaries. Committee on Finance will now begin are projected to grow more than twice Sixth, there are no easy answers. I work to outline specific Medicare the rate of revenues. wish there were a simple answer to the changes to meet the instructions con- Mr. President, at this time, it takes Medicare conundrum. tained in this bill. about four covered workers to support Two weeks ago, Stuart M. Butler, As a member of the Finance Com- the benefit payments to each enrollee vice president and director of domestic mittee, I intend to participate fully in on Medicare A. That ratio is declining policy studies for the Heritage Founda- those deliberations, to make certain quickly, so that the trustees have esti- tion, wrote a very compelling article that the changes we craft are as equi- mated by the middle of the next cen- entitled, ‘‘The High Cost of Not Re- table and responsible as possible. tury, only two covered workers will forming Medicare.’’ It is not my intent that the changes support each enrollee. In fact, absent Mr. Butler clearly and concisely out- we undertake drive providers out of any legislative changes, that scenario lined the choices available to the Con- business, force hospital net operating won’t come to pass, because Medicare gress. He wrote: margins into the red, or deprive bene- will have been bankrupt long before There are only two choices available to the ficiaries of needed services, although then. Congress: some changes will certainly have to be

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00086 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7367 made to save Medicare. We must face systems has discredited state owner- The World Bank and regional devel- this situation realistically. ship of the economy all around the opment banks that mobilize capital to If we find that these proposed world. For the first time in history, the help the poorer countries develop eco- changes have an adverse effect that af- trend is almost single-mindedly toward nomic policies that will produce equi- fects patient health, whether in Utah adopting the values that Americans table, sustainable economic growth. or anywhere else in the Nation, I hold dear—democracy, human rights, It funds America’s bilateral assist- pledge to work closely with my col- private property, open markets, com- ance programs. These include programs leagues to rectify the situation. petition. for helping Rwandans fleeing from Mr. President, I do not mean to But it is much too early yet to relax genocide; programs for containing the downplay the gravity of the situation. our vigilance. The world remains an spread of AIDS and other deadly, infec- Reductions of this magnitude, even unpredictable, violent and unstable tious diseases; programs for assisting though they are reductions in the rate place. The United States still has a Russia to install democratic systems of growth, are difficult for me—and I vital interest in leading the way to- and privatize state-owned enterprises; would venture to say for every Sen- wards peace and democracy and pros- programs for advancing the Middle ator—to support. Such reductions will perity and away from conflict and in- East peace process. indeed have an impact. stability. It funds the efforts of the Export Im- But, in the Senate, as in life, there The military threat to America has port Bank of the United States and are times when we have to do the right receded, but it is more true today than other agencies to promote U.S. exports. thing, even if it is also the hard thing. ever that American prosperity is The budget resolution envisions a Members of the Senate and House sim- linked to conditions in the rest of the $2.4 billion reduction in Function 150 ply must see beyond their next elec- world. Millions of Americans jobs de- spending in the 1996 fiscal year, with tions. We must force ourselves to look pend upon persuading other countries additional reductions in subsequent at the long term. to open their borders to U.S. exports years. This may not seem like much in The alternative—bankruptcy of the and helping them to raise their in- a $1.5 trillion budget, but it amounts to Medicare system—is unthinkable and comes so they can afford to buy those over 12 percent of the current Function must be avoided. If we fail in this task, exports. Providing Americans clean air 150 budget. Subtracting out accounts the health care safety net that Medi- and clean water depends upon inter- that cannot be reduced, it means cuts care provides for millions of current national action to protect the environ- of over 30 percent in many of the re- seniors—not to mention those who are ment. Keeping Americans healthy de- maining accounts. This is not stream- approaching senior status—will be lost. pends on cooperative action to fight lining, this is decapitation. I appreciate that the Budget Com- disease in other countries. Stemming Mr. President, quite simply, the cuts mittee’s recommendations were adopt- the flow of illegal immigrants and refu- in Function 150 that the budget resolu- ed with considerable angst. I commend gees to the United States depends on tion contemplates would undermine Senator DOMENICI and members of the advancing democracy and economic de- the President’s ability to protect committee for doing the right thing. velopment in the countries from which American interests abroad by non-mili- We must all focus on solutions to this the refugees are fleeing. tary means. Let me cite just a few ex- urgent national fiscal dilemma. For all that people complain about amples: PROTECTING AMERICA’S INFLUENCE ABROAD the U.S. Government wasting money We would abandon efforts to promote Mr. LEAHY. Mr. President, this overseas, Americans overwhelmingly political and economic reform in Rus- budget resolution calls for elimination reject isolationism. They want the sia and the other former centrally of the budget deficit. I support that President of the United States to con- planned economies. Given the oppor- goal, but there are many different ways tinue to project American power and tunity to help turn our worst enemy to achieve it. I do not support the for- influence abroad. into a friend, the Republicans want us Maintaining a strong military pro- mula proposed by the Republicans. It to shrug and turn our backs. I am not vides underpinning for that exercise of will hurt the poorest people, and re- thrilled with everything Russia is leadership. But who wants us to have ward the wealthiest. There is no better doing. The destruction of Chechnya to risk shedding American blood? We example of the fundamental differences embodies the worst of old-style Soviet need the President to conduct an ag- heavy-handed repression. But there between Republicans and Democrats. gressive, preventive foreign policy that Right now, I would like to focus on have been many astonishingly positive will secure America’s interests peace- what the other side’s proposed budget developments in Russia, Ukraine, and fully. This is where Function 150 is ab- would do to Function 150, the part of the other central and eastern European solutely critical. countries over the past couple of years the budget that finances programs to It is Function 150 that provides the too. Enhanced freedom of the press. advance U.S. foreign policy. funding for the President to lead: Function 150 is not a large item in It pays for the State Department and Privatization of enterprise. Elections. the Federal budget. It amounts to only U.S. Embassies around the globe that Our aid is aimed at advancing reform. a little more than 1 percent of total maintain communication with foreign What folly for us not to seek to nur- Federal expenditures. It is only 8 per- governments and pursue cooperation ture what is good in the new Europe. cent of our budget for national defense. with them. It funds the diplomacy that We would virtually terminate efforts But it is vitally important to every just a few weeks ago secured the indefi- through the World Bank to promote man, woman, and child in this country. nite extension of the Nuclear Non-Pro- economic reform and growth in the The United States is the world’s only liferation Treaty, with the enormous poorest countries of sub-Saharan Afri- remaining superpower. We have an his- promise it offers for reducing the ca and Asia. This is no trivial matter. toric opportunity to influence global threat of nuclear explosions. If these countries, with their hundreds events, and to make sure that political It funds U.S. contributions to the of millions of people, start to grow, and economic developments around the various international organizations they will offer vast new markets for world are consistent with American in- that are the glue that holds our inter- employment-generating U.S. exports. terests. national economic system together: If, on the other hand, they descend into The momentum is already in the The United Nations which notwith- fratricidal war and economic decay, right direction. American investments standing its weaknesses—weaknesses they will produce ever-more-over- over the past 40 years have paid off. that stem primarily from the dif- whelming flows of refugees and disease. Not only has the direct threat of Com- ferences of its members—plays a crit- Representing not just the United munist aggression disappeared. The ical role in focusing international at- States but the entire world commu- end of confrontation between the two tention on world problems and helping nity, the World Bank and the other superpowers has also caused the world resolve them; multilateral development banks are to refocus attention on the evils of dic- The International Monetary Fund the most promising instrument for tatorship and abuse of human rights which brings governments together to bringing change to these desperate that persist in many places. And the protect the stability of the inter- countries. In the past few years, they collapse of centrally planned economic national monetary system; and have finally begun to record success in

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00087 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7368 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 24, 1995 producing broad-based growth in some Since that time, and despite the will of not cut those programs; spending con- of these countries. For less than $2 bil- the American people, Congress has tinues to increase. What this budget lion per year, the United States has the been overdrawing the public checkbook does is slow down the rate of increased prospect of promoting the development year after year after year. spending to a level that will allow the of economies accounting for a third or Today the opportunity has come to programs to survive! It is that simple, more of the world’s population. This is put an end to out of control Federal and do not let anyone tell you other- a sound investment. The Republican spending—spending that has taken wise. budget resolution would cancel that in- money from the private sector, the Social Security spending will in- vestment. very sector that creates jobs and eco- crease from $334 billion to $482 billion We would slash spending on bilateral nomic opportunity for all Americans, over the next 7 years. Medicare spend- development assistance. This is assist- spending that gambles away our chil- ing will increase at an average of 7.1 ance that is keyed directly to U.S. in- dren’s future—spending that costs us percent annually, rising from $178 bil- terests. We promote democracy and jobs in the workplace and economic se- lion this year to $283 billion by fiscal sustainable development in countries curity in the home. year 2002. This budget is the only work- that are major sources of refugees and For too long, Congress has faced the able answer on the table. President migrants. The Agency for Inter- deficit dilemma like an errant alco- Clinton himself has warned about how national Development has taken deci- holic or perpetual dieter, with the these programs are going to be insol- sive steps during the Clinton adminis- words: We’ll start tomorrow. Well, Mr. vent in the near future. Yet, he has of- tration to bring its activities fully into President, this is tomorrow, and the fered no viable alternative. sync with U.S. foreign policy priorities. budget that Senator DOMENICI and oth- His most recent effort to counter the It is grossly inaccurate to call its pro- ers have crafted is the cure. It is the House and Senate budgets plan is little grams tax-dollar throw-aways, as some only cure. more than political twaddle. The Wash- have said. The President’s budget proposals for ington Post itself noted that this Programs of special interest to many next year offer clear evidence of the counter budget which we have yet to Senators, like aid to Eastern Europe lack of political will to make the hard see is ironic in that just 3 months ago and the Baltics, Cyprus and Ireland, choices when it comes to cutting gov- the President ‘‘sent Congress a budget and military aid to Greece and Turkey, ernment spending. At first, his decision that increases the federal deficit.’’ Mr. would be eliminated. The Ex-Im Bank, was not to fight for further deficit re- President, this is not a game. We are Peace Corps, PL–480 food aid, and edu- duction this year. Now, because he sees talking about real life, real jobs, real cational exchanges would all be what the House and Senate have done, families and communities and the fu- slashed. he’s revisited the issue, offering an- ture of our children. Balancing the Of course, the United States cannot other watered-down proposal. It’s kind budget for our Nation is one of the do any of this by itself. But no one is of like the little boy who—wanting to most important steps we can take to asking us to. The United States has al- bend the rules to benefit himself—holds ensure the economic opportunities for ready fallen to 21st among foreign aid his breath until he turns blue, then, re- prosperity for our children and for our donors in the percentage of national in- alizing he can hold it no longer, tries children’s children. come that it devotes to development to save face by renegotiating the rules As a nation—and as individuals—we assistance. We aren’t even the largest of the game. are morally bound to pass opportunity donor in terms of dollar amount any- This is no time for politics. The and security to the next generation. more. Japan has now left us in the American people are crying out for a This is what the budget we are pro- dust. The budget resolution would smaller, more efficient government. posing today will help us do. As Thom- force us to withdraw from broad areas They are concerned about the trends as Paine has written, no government or of development assistance entirely. that for too long have put the interests group of people has the right to shack- When I became chairman of the For- of big government before the interests le succeeding generations with its obli- eign Operation Subcommittee in fiscal of our families and job-creating private gations. Without this budget, children year 1990, the Foreign Operations budg- sector. They are irritated by the double born today will have a tax burden of up et, which makes up two-thirds of the standard that exists between how our to 84 percent of their lifetime earnings; Function 150 account, was $14.6 billion. families are required to balance their without this budget, each child who During my 6 years as chairman, we cut checkbooks and how government is al- owes $18,500 in his share of the national that budget by 6.5 percent—not even lowed to continue spending despite its debt will find that obligation increas- taking into account inflation—while deficit accounts. ing to $23,000 in just 5 years. Without the remainder of the discretionary It is clear, Mr. President. The time this budget, there will be no real and spending in the Federal budget in- has come to heed the will of the people. meaningful reduction in the size and creased by 4.8 percent. Most of those It is our duty, not only to heed their overbearing power of the Federal Gov- cuts were in military aid. They were a will, but to act in their best interest. ernment. calculated response to the end of the And that is what this budget is all As chairman of the Senate Govern- cold war. But that job is now pretty about. It makes the hard choices, mental Affairs Committee I have out- well done. Foreign aid today is sub- eliminating some 140 programs. It con- lined a plan to reduce the Federal bu- stantially less than it was during the solidates duplication and makes Fed- reaucracy, eliminate outdated and Reagan and Bush administrations. eral programs run more efficiently, wasteful government programs, and to Mr. President, we must recognize more effectively, placing many of the strengthen government’s ability to bet- that there is a limit to how far we can existing programs back in the States ter serve the taxpayers. cut our budget for international af- where they belong. The Republican In January I kicked off a series of fairs. Our allies are scratching their budget also allows for a $175 billion re- hearings on ‘‘Government Reform: heads, wondering why the United serve fund to finance tax cuts when the Building a Structure for the 21st Cen- States, with the opportunity to exer- budget reaches balance. tury.’’ It is my belief that as we move cise influence in the world more cheap- The budget holds Congress and the into the 21st century, so should our ly than ever before, is turning its back White House up as leaders—as exam- Government. Innovative technologies and walking away. We are inviting ples in the effort to reduce government should allow us to cut out many layers whoever else wants to—friend or foe— spending. Both the legislative and ex- of management bureaucracy, and re- to step into the vacuum and pursue ecutive are required to reduce spending duce Federal employment. Pro- their interests at our expense. by 25 percent. This budget protects So- grammatic changes should also occur. Mr. ROTH. Mr. President, this is an cial Security and Medicare—vital pro- Last month I released a report that historic moment—today we are closer grams to the well-being of millions of asked the GAO to examine the current than ever before to putting America’s Americans, but programs that would be structure of the Federal Government. economic house in order. The last time bankrupt within a few years without The GAO examined all budget and gov- Congress balanced the budget was the provisions offered in this budget. ernment functions and missions. They 1969—more than a quarter-century ago. And, Mr. President, this budget does did not conduct in-depth analysis, but

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00088 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7369 simply illustrated the complex web and crisis, a child born this year will pay fident,’’ said Hillary Clinton, ‘‘that we conflicting missions under which agen- $187,150 over their lifetime just in in- can reduce the rate of increase in Medi- cies are currently operating. terest on the national debt. care without undermining quality for The GAO report confirms that our The argument for immediate Medicare recipients.’’ Ira Magaziner Federal behemoth must be reformed to change—immediate restraint—is sim- added, ‘‘slowing the rate of growth ac- ple. It is one of our highest moral tra- meet the needs of all taxpayers for the tually benefits beneficiaries consider- ditions for parents to sacrifice for the ably because it slows the rate of 21st century. I am convinced that it is sake of their children. It is the depth of growth of the premiums they have to through a smaller, smarter government selfishness to call on children to sac- pay.’’ we will be able to serve Americans into rifice for the sake of their parents. If Under this budget, Medicare will re- the next century. we continue on our current path, we main the fastest growing item in the Deficit spending cannot continue. We will violate a trust between genera- Federal budget, increasing at an an- can no longer allow waste, inefficiency, tions, and earn the contempt of the fu- nual rate of 7.1 percent. Spending on ture. and overbearing government to con- Medicare alone will grow from $178 bil- There is no doubt that we need cuts sume the potential of America’s future. lion this year to $283 billion in 2002—an in government to balance the budget. increase of 59 percent. I am committed to spending restraint But there is one more reason as well. as we move to balance the budget by We need cuts in government because As promised, Social Security will re- the year 2002. And I ask my col- government itself is too large—too main untouched. Spending will actu- leagues—and all Americans—to support large in our economy, and too large in ally increase from the current annual total of $334 billion to $480 billion in our efforts. our lives. Even if the books were bal- anced, we would still need a sober reas- 2002. One of our central goals has been Mr. COATS. Mr. President, I believe to protect the integrity of the Social that the Senate’s debate on the bal- sessment of the Federal Government’s role and reach. Security system. Social Security bene- anced budget amendment was a turn- fits will be preserved. ing point in this session of Congress— This is not a matter of money alone. We require cuts in government because I firmly support this budget—but I perhaps a turning point in the eco- have two concerns, which will eventu- nomic affairs of our country. It was im- endless, useless, duplicative programs ally come to the center of our debate. portant, not for its disappointing final should not be (to use a favorite term of vote, but for the issues it clarified. the administration) ‘‘Reinvented’’— Our Government has a budget deficit they should be terminated. Because we During that debate, opponents of the which cannot be sustained. But there is reject the vision of a passive Nation, another deficit that concerns Ameri- balanced budget again and again chal- where an arrogant government sets the lenged those of us supporting it. If you cans as well—a deficit in the resources rules. Because we want to return, not of families to care for their own. A def- really want a balanced budget, propose only to an affordable government, but one. One Member of this body put it icit we have created by increased tax- to a limited government. And those ation over the years, an erosion in the like this: ‘‘Let Senators get to work to limits will help unleash the unlimited show Americans we have the courage personal exemption. Many families are potential of our economy and our peo- in a permanent recession, directly this amendment presumes that we ple. lack.’’ caused by Government policies. Votes we make during this debate are We must understand, first, that a This seemed like a good argument to likely to be some of the toughest we many people—an argument against balanced budget and family-oriented, ever cast. But if we are honest, most of growth-oriented tax relief are not mu- easy hypocrisy on the budget. Oppo- those votes would not be tough calls nents of the balanced budget amend- tually exclusive proposals. They are for most Americans. I have yet to meet part of the same movement in Amer- ment pressed it as hard and as far as a man or woman from my State who they could. ica—a movement to limit our Govern- believes that reducing the rate of ment and empower our people. One idea They threw down a gauntlet before a growth in government is anything but watching Nation. This week, Repub- implies and requires the other—when a minimal commitment to common we reduce public spending, we should licans have picked it up. And those who sense. made that challenge have fled from the increase the resources of families to The changes made by this budget are meet their own needs. That is a good field—proposing nothing constructive bold, but not radical. They are ambi- of their own. They revealed that their investment, a sound investment. A dol- tious, but not dangerous. This is a lar spent by families is far more useful point in the balanced budget debate careful plan to meet a specific need. was not a conviction, but an alibi. than a dollar spent by Government. Under the Senate resolution, Govern- America can have a balanced budget For the first time since the 1960’s, ment spending will rise from its cur- and tax relief for families. No choice is thanks to this Republican 7-year budg- rent level of $1.355 trillion to $1.884 tril- et—offered both in the House and Sen- lion in 2002. This is an increase of near- necessary between them. One proposal ate, we can see our way clear to a bal- ly 40 percent. To put this in perspec- in particular makes this clear. An anced budget. After 40 years of wan- tive, a family currently making amendment that will be offered by Sen- dering in the desert of deficit spending, $45,000—if its income grew at the rate ator GRAMM slows the growth of spend- we are finally destined for the prom- Government will grow under the Re- ing to 3 percent rather than the 3.3 per- ised land of balanced budgets. publican plan—would be making $63,000 cent currently outlined in the resolu- There is courage in this budget— in 2002. Surely a family could construct tion—allowing additional funds for tax courage we have not seen for decades, a budget to meet this higher level of cuts. Giving the American people back courage that makes this an historic spending. The Federal Government will just 1.5 percent of total budget spend- moment. But, if we are honest, it is be required, under the Republican plan, ing is not too much to ask. courage without alternatives. The sta- to do the same. Senator GRAMM’s amendment em- tus quo may be comfortable, but it is There are honest disagreements bodies the provisions of the families not sustainable. The road we are on about the merits and priorities of first legislation that I introduced ear- may seem wide and easy, but it ends many of these reductions. I expect we lier this year with Senator ROD GRAMS. with a cliff, and the fall will be disas- will have a hard-fought debate. It proves that deficit reduction and tax trous for our economy, disastrous for On Medicare, it was the President’s relief can go hand-in-hand. We have our people (including our seniors). Dis- own commission which concluded: met the challenge of those who said it astrous for our children, and for this ‘‘The Medicare Program is clearly could not be done. Adding this provi- Nation’s future. unsustainable in its present form, we sion to the budget resolution will prove The figures are familiar, but they strongly recommend that the crisis to families all across the Nation that have lost none of their power to shock. presented by the financial condition of their concerns are a central element of Our national debt currently stands at the Medicare trust funds be urgently budget reform. $4.8 trillion, which translates into addressed on a comprehensive basis.’’ It is time to admit that when fami- $19,000 for every man, woman, and child Reforming Medicare and slowing its lies fail, so does our society. Their fi- in America. This figure will jump to growth is precisely what the adminis- nancial crisis is as urgent and as im- $23,000 by 2002. If we ignore our budget tration itself proposed. ‘‘We feel con- portant as any other priority in this

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00089 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7370 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 24, 1995 debate. The Gramm amendment is a CDBG has been a major element of tremely important from the perspec- way for the Senate to prove it. our Nation’s housing and community tive of the local jurisdiction’s need to Much of the opposition to tax relief development strategy for over 20 years. plan for the use of the funds and to seems to be based on a myth—a myth CDBG was signed into law in 1974 by pursue long-term strategies. that tax cuts somehow cost the Gov- then President Gerald Ford. It is sur- In some wealthier jurisdictions, ernment money. But Government pro- prising to me that the Republican CDBG rules often provide the impetus duces nothing, and has no resources of budget-cutters have targeted this pro- for community development activities its own to spend. Tax cuts are not a gram for inordinate cuts, because in low-income neighborhoods that waste of Government funds. They are CDBG is an excellent example of the would not otherwise occur—especially simply a method to allow Americans to policy approaches that my colleagues if the communities were entirely re- keep their own money and care for on the other side of the aisle espouse. sponsible for serving their poorer themselves. They are a method to build CDBG is a block grant. The program neighborhoods out of own-source reve- working independence as an alter- distributes its funds on a formula basis nues. CDBG’s fundamental national ob- native to destructive government pa- to State and local governments, and jective of serving low- and moderate- ternalism. provides jurisdictions with flexibility income neighborhoods argues for a con- My second concern relates to our on the use of the funds within broad tinued distribution of CDBG funds to level of defense spending. The Clinton national objectives. CDBG embodies all jurisdictions with these needs. budget is clearly inadequate to retain the principle of developing responsi- Finally, it would be ironic if, by call- our long-term readiness and the qual- bility and decision-making to local ing for targeting, the Budget Com- ity of life of our troops. On this issue governments. It allows local govern- mittee were proposing to tighten the we are talking about the primary pur- ments to tailor specific solutions to criteria that govern how communities pose of government—to defend our na- meet their specific community devel- use the funds. Tighter targeting cri- tional interests without placing our opment needs. teria would take away local discretion soldiers at needless risk. We have seen The need for these resources is vast. and flexibility, and, therefore, run disturbing evidence in the Armed Serv- Too many of our Nation’s communities counter to the philosophy of those who ices Committee that the Clinton level still suffer. Vacant housing, closed promote block grants. Moreover, forc- of funding will leave our forces without plants, and empty shops are the visible ing grantees to spend more of their all the tools, training and conditions to manifestations of neighborhoods with funds to benefit poorer neighborhoods fulfill the roles we will ask of them. persistent unemployment, broken fam- is not a rationale for a 50-percent cut Many of us are struggling to recoup ilies, and high crime rates. We know in program funds. Indeed, the resource at least some of this shortfall. Senator that revitalizing distressed commu- needs of our poorest communities are THURMOND will be proposing an amend- nities requires a multi-faceted ap- so vast, that if the program objective ment to restore a portion of this fund- proach: successful strategies are using was based on only strict targeting to ing. I hope the Senate will support it. community-based organizations to de- very poor neighborhoods, this would Mr. President, we have come to the liver programs that simultaneously at- make the case for increased funding. beginning of the end of deficit spending tack the physical blight while address- I would argue that given the limited in America. We have come to this place ing the social service needs of the resi- resources, preserving the current pro- because there is no alternative. Two dents. With its built-in flexibility, gram targeting is desirable. States, decades of promises, two decades of CDBG allows local governments to im- counties, and cities may find that an rhetoric, budget proposals, budget plement comprehensive strategies that optimal economic development strat- deals, tax increases, unfulfilled prom- may, for example, combine the reha- egy would be to use small amounts of ises on spending cuts, all these have bilitation of the commercial strip, with CDBG assistance to leverage private failed. This is the best argument for a the small business start-up loans, with investment in areas with other existing balanced budget amendment—defeated, the job training for local residents and features attractive to investors. Grant- for the moment, by just one vote. So the child care. ees who have been losing population, we turn to this effort—the only effort— The Budget Committee’s notion of may want to focus community develop- the only game in town. targeting CDBG should also be consid- ment activities on stabilizing mixed in- The President has abdicated his lead- ered carefully. CDBG is already well- come neighborhoods or in pursuing ership on this most critical of all issues targeted. The formula for the program strategies to lure moderate-income facing our Nation. Likewise, Demo- does a good job of distributing CDBG households into low-income neighbor- crats have offered no alternative of funds by need: 50 percent of the pro- hoods. These are local decisions and ap- their own. gram funds go to the 20 percent most propriate community development So we have come to a time that is distressed cities based on a distress strategies. unique and historic—an authentic mo- ranking created by HUD. Only 5 per- I oppose the Republicans proposed ment of decision. It is a moment to act cent of the funds go to the least dis- cut of 50 percent in CDBG Program worthy of our words and keep faith tressed cities. Moreover, program data funds because CDBG is making a dif- with the future. shows that 90 percent of the CDBG ference in thousands of American com- COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT BLOCK GRANT funds go to benefit low- and moderate- munities. A recent evaluation of the PROGRAM income households consistent with the CDBG Program by the Urban Institute Mr. SARBANES. Mr. President, I rise national purpose of the program. concludes that ‘‘. . . the program has in opposition to the Budget Commit- In the past, proponents of targeting made an important contribution to tee’s proposals with respect to the have proposed three types of ap- city community development, includ- Community Block Grant [CDBG] pro- proaches. Some have proposed to cut ing demonstrated successes in achiev- gram. The Budget Committee’s report off formula grant funds to smaller ing local neighborhood stabilization that accompanies the budget resolu- communities, forcing these commu- and revitalization objectives. It’s fair tion recommends a 50 percent cut in nities to compete for funds through the to say that in almost every city, neigh- the CDBG Program and calls for tar- state-administered program. Others borhoods would have been worse off geting CDBG funds to the most needy have proposed to eliminate grants to had the program never existed, and cer- areas. I strongly oppose those. CDBG wealthier communities. And, still oth- tainly, cities would not have embarked funds are a critical component of this ers would tighten the criteria HUD on the housing and redevelopment pro- Nation’s efforts to revitalize its low- uses to measure program benefits. grams that now comprise a core func- and moderate-income communities. CDBG currently provides a direct for- tion of municipal government. Further, CDBG is already well-targeted to dis- mula grant to more than 900 urban CDBG-funded programs clearly benefit tressed communities, and, more impor- counties, communities with popu- those for whom the program was in- tantly, CDBG is well-targeted to low- lations above 50,000 people, and con- tended—low- and moderate-income per- income neighborhoods within those sortia of smaller communities. Allow- sons and neighborhoods—and does so communities that receive the block ing these communities to receive an- by a substantially greater degree than grants. nual, reliable formula grants is ex- the minimum required under law.’’

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00090 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7371 Mr. President, CDBG has a proven age for all transit systems. Fares The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who track record. Our Nation’s commu- would nearly have to double for these yields time? nities continue to need our support. smaller systems. This assumes no cut- The Senator from Oregon. OPPOSITION TO TRANSIT CUTS backs in services and no loss in rider- Mr. HATFIELD. Mr. President, I Mr. SARBANES. Mr. President, I ship as a result of the fare increases. yield myself whatever time I require. Many individuals faced either with want to express my strong opposition Mr. President, the conference report increased fares or decreased service to the Budget Committee’s proposal to before us reflects the agreement of the will either have to give up their em- eliminate Federal mass transit oper- two Houses on H.R. 1158, a bill making ployment or use their cars to get to ating subsidies. emergency supplemental appropria- work. According to an article by Neal The report that accompanies the tions for the additional disaster assist- Senate Budget Resolution calls for R. Pierce in the National Journal on April 15 of this year, one study already ance and making rescissions for fiscal eliminating mass transit operating year 1995, and for other purposes. subsidies. Simply stated, these cuts puts the cost of traffic congestion at $100 billion a year in lost productivity. This conference report is a culmina- will have significant consequences for Fewer transit riders and more drivers tion of several weeks of effort on a our Nation’s communities by leading will exacerbate this problem. More cars number of different fronts. It rep- to increased fares, reductions in serv- on the road and increased congestion resents a balance between our responsi- ices, and losses in ridership. As a re- will worsen air quality in metropolitan bility to provide additional funding sult, working people will find it more areas where environmental quality is when necessary to address urgent na- difficult and costly to get to their jobs, already strained. tional needs, on the one hand, and our roadways will become more congested, I realize, Mr. President, that the responsibility to reduce funding for and environmental quality will decline. Budget Resolution itself does not cut lower priority programs whenever and Public transportation is a critical transit operating subsidies. Decisions wherever we can, on the other hand. element of our economy. In 1990, 8.8 bil- with respect to the appropriate level of The Senate’s conferees on this measure lion American took transit trips; 7.5 funding for operating subsidies are left present it to the Senate with a belief million people ride public transpor- up to the Appropriations Committee. that it merits approval of this body, tation every weekday. Of these trips However, I felt it was important to and I urge its adoption. 54.4 percent are trips to work. An addi- raise a voice in opposition to the rec- The bill provides a total of tional 20 percent of the trips taken by ommendation in the Budget Commit- $7,249,503,600 in additional appropria- transit riders are to get to school or to tee’s report at this time and to urge tions, of which $6,700,000,000, equally di- access medical services. Trips to work my colleagues to begin to focus on the vided between fiscal years 1995 and are especially important uses of transit many cost to our citizens that would 1996, is for FEMA for the disaster relief systems in large urban areas; use of occur if the Budget Committee’s pro- programs. We have fully funded the bus service by elderly households to posed cuts in transit operating sub- President’s request in this regard, and get medical attention is the largest sidies were carried out. we concur with his designation of this component of rides in smaller commu- funding as an emergency requirement. nities and rural areas. f We also agree with the President’s A high proportion of transit riders SECOND SUPPLEMENTAL APPRO- request for additional emergency ap- are low-income persons or minorities, PRIATIONS AND RESCISSIONS propriations in response to the Okla- 27.5 percent of the transit ridership has ACT, 1995—CONFERENCE REPORT homa City tragedy and have provided incomes below $15,000 compared to 16.9 Mr. DOLE. Mr. President, I submit a $183,798,000 for that purpose. percent in the general population. Afri- report of the committee of conference Finally, we are recommending can-American and Hispanic riders as a on H.R. 1158 and ask for its immediate percentage of total ridership are more $365,705,600 in nonemergency consideration. supplementals for fiscal year 1995. That than two times the percentage of Afri- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The re- latter figure includes $275 million in can-American and Hispanic individuals port will be stated. in the general population. However, the The legislative clerk read as follows: debt relief for Jordan as requested by the President and endorsed by the joint importance of transit for working peo- The committee of conference on the dis- ple is underscored by statistics show- agreeing votes of the two Houses on the leadership of the Senate. ing that 55 percent of the riders have amendment of the Senate to the bill (H.R. In addition, the conferees reached incomes between $15,000 and $50,000. 1158) making emergency supplemental appro- agreement on rescissions of budget au- For most transit systems, operating priations for additional disaster assistance thority and other funding limitations and making rescissions for the fiscal year totaling $16,413,932,975, and those reduc- revenues are a combination of fares ending September 30, 1995, and for other pur- and federal and state money. Assuming tions have been the focus of the debate poses, having met, after full and free con- throughout the consideration of the no increases in state contributions, ference, have agreed to recommend and do fares would, on average, have to in- recommend to their respective Houses this bill. crease 50 percent to make up for the report, signed by a majority of the conferees. Mr. President, I ask unanimous con- loss of revenue. Cuts in operating sub- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without sent that a table summarizing the sidies will also have disparate impacts objection, the Senate will proceed to supplementals and rescissions rec- on smaller communities. Federal oper- the consideration of the conference re- ommended in the bill be printed in the ating subsidies make up 21 percent of port. RECORD. total operating revenues for transit (The conference report is printed in There being no objection, the mate- systems in communities below 200,000 the House proceedings of the RECORD of rial was ordered to be printed in the people compared to 13 percent on aver- May 16, 1995.) RECORD, as follows: H.R. 1158, SECOND SUPPLEMENTAL AND RESCISSION BILL CONFERENCE AGREEMENT

Conference vs.— President’s request House allowance Senate allowance Conference President’s request House allowance Senate allowance

TITLE I—SUPPLEMENTALS AND RESCISSIONS Emergency supplementals: FEMA disaster relief, 1995 ...... 6,700,000,000 5,360,000,000 1,900,000,000 3,350,000,000 ¥3,350,000,000 ¥2,010,000,000 1,450,000,000 FEMA disaster relief, 1996 advance ...... 4,800,000,000 3,350,000,000 3,350,000,000 3,350,000,000 ¥1,450,000,000 Other emergency supplementals ...... 718,297,000 28,297,000 ...... ¥718,297,000 ¥28,297,000 ......

Subtotal, emergency supplements ...... 7,418,297,000 5,388,297,000 6,700,000,000 6,700,000,000 ¥718,297,000 1,311,703,000 ...... Other supplementals ...... 434,672,000 85,471,600 306,915,600 365,705,600 ¥68,966,400 280,234,000 58,790,000

Subtotal, supplementals ...... 7,852,969,000 5,473,768,600 7,006,915,600 7,065,705,600 ¥787,263,400 1,591,937,000 58,790,000 Rescissions ...... ¥1,536,623,805 ¥17,187,861,839 ¥15,144,481,050 ¥16,247,831,476 ¥14,711,207,671 940,030,363 ¥1,103,350,426 Reductions in limitations on obligations ...... ¥201,791,000 ¥279,166,000 ¥166,101,500 ¥166,101,500 35,689,500 113,064,500

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00091 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7372 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 24, 1995 H.R. 1158, SECOND SUPPLEMENTAL AND RESCISSION BILL CONFERENCE AGREEMENT—Continued

Conference vs.— President’s request House allowance Senate allowance Conference President’s request House allowance Senate allowance

Rescissions and other reductions ...... ¥1,536,623,805 ¥17,389,652,839 ¥15,423,647,050 ¥16,413,932,976 ¥14,877,309,171 975,719,863 ¥990,285,926 Total title I ...... 6,316,345,195 ¥11,714,093,239 ¥8,137,565,450 ¥9,182,125,876 ¥15,498,471,071 2,531,967,363 ¥1,044,560,426 TITLE II—GENERAL PROVISIONS Travel and administrative reduction ...... ¥342,500,000 ...... 342,500,000 Forest Service timber sales ...... ¥31,169,000 ¥31,169,000 ¥31,169,000 ¥31,169,000 ......

Total title II ...... ¥31,169,000 ¥373,669,000 ¥31,169,000 ¥31,169,000 ...... TITLE III—ANTITERRORISM AND OKLAHOMA CITY Total title III ...... 116,037,000 ...... 183,798,000 67,761,000 183,798,000 183,798,000

Bill total, budget authority ...... 6,432,382,195 ¥11,745,262,239 ¥8,511,234,450 ¥9,029,496,876 ¥15,461,879,071 2,715,765,363 ¥518,262,426 Reductions in limitations on obligations ...... ¥201,791,000 ¥279,166,000 ¥166,101,500 ¥166,101,500 35,689,500 113,064,500

Bill total, budget resources ...... 6,432,382,195 ¥11,947,053,239 ¥8,790,400,450 ¥9,195,598,376 ¥15,627,980,571 2,751,454,863 ¥405,197,926 Note.—Rescissions and other reductions: Rescissions ...... ¥1,536,623,805 ¥17,187,861,839 ¥15,144,481,050 ¥16,247,831,476 ¥13,607,857,245 2,043,380,789 ¥1,103,350,426 Travel and administrative rescission ...... ¥342,500,000 ...... ¥342,500,000 ¥342,500,000 342,500,000 Reductions in limitations on obligations ...... ¥201,791,000 ¥279,166,000 ¥166,101,500 ¥279,166,000 ¥77,375,000 113,064,500

Total reductions ...... ¥1,536,623,805 ¥17,389,652,839 ¥15,766,147,050 ¥16,413,932,976 ¥14,229,523,245 1,623,505,789 ¥647,785,926

Mr. HATFIELD. Mr. President, I be- administration’s priorities as they Mr. BYRD addressed the Chair. lieve this is a good bill. I believe we were known to us. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- should pass it, and I believe the Presi- I would like to also indicate, having ator from West Virginia. dent of the United States should sign it served on this committee over a num- Mr. BYRD. Mr. President, the con- into law. I know that the President’s ber of years, this is the first adminis- ference agreement on H.R. 1158 is the administration has objections to the tration that has not hovered in the ap- product of lengthy and difficult nego- final outcome reached by the con- propriations process, hovered day by tiations with the House conferees. The ferees. But I hope the President will re- day, hour by hour, making known spe- agreement we reached was the best we alize the conferees addressed many of cifics, their requests, and what they could do, under the circumstances. his most pressing concerns, and we considered to be the requirements of a The President has expressed his dis- tried as best we could to reach an ac- compatible bill between the Congress satisfaction, and has indicated his in- commodation of his interests. The so- and the President. tent to veto the measure when it called striker replacement language In the past 2 days, we have seen indi- reaches his desk. Despite the mis- which the administration indicated cations that the President intends to givings of some, I want to remind the was the sole provision—I emphasize the veto this legislation. I suppose I should Members of the time-sensitive and sole provision—that would prompt a say that there have been more than in- emergency nature of some of the items Presidential veto on its own was dications since the President himself included in the bill. dropped. That was in a letter addressed said as much in public remarks yester- The conference agreement includes to me as the chairman of the com- the full $6.7 billion request for the Fed- day. mittee signed by Alice Rivlin, the Di- eral Emergency Management Agency, I am very, very disappointed by that. rector of OMB. FEMA, disaster relief efforts. These I want very much to see this bill en- I wish to reiterate. In all of the pe- funds are to be used to finance the re- acted. It is not the bill in all its par- riod of this bill’s consideration, there lief costs associated with the ticulars that I personally would craft if was only one communication from the Northridge earthquake, as well as to I were acting alone, but it is a most White House that indicated there was a address declared disasters resulting significant step in the direction of a proviso in the bill that would elicit a from floods and storms throughout balanced budget which we all, the veto response from the President. I some 40 States, including the most re- think that is very important to under- President included, have endorsed as a cent, extraordinary rains and hail stand. And during that 2 months of the common goal. which occurred in Louisiana and some consideration of this bill and for the Our conference agreement would other States. These funds are needed in week and a half practically that we achieve an estimated $3 billion in fiscal the next several weeks, or FEMA will were in conference, the only other com- year 1996 outlays which may be a drop run out of funds to assist in these dis- munications were verbal communica- in the bucket compared to the enor- asters. tions indicating categories of dis- mity of the task ahead but is a good With regard to the administration’s appointment, and that is all I can call start, and get started we must. request for emergency supplemental them. There were no specifics that So I hope the President will recon- appropriations in the wake of the trag- were given to us. Account-by-account sider and will sign this bill, assuming edy in Oklahoma City, the conferees categories of disappointment that we that we pass this report. And if he provided approximately $250 million for had failed to reach the President’s chooses to veto it, he will miss a great anti-terrorism initiatives and Okla- funding request levels in a number of opportunity. Other opportunities may homa City recovery efforts. This in- education matters, and so forth, but lie ahead, and I have always been ready cluded substantial increases above the they were general. to work with this or any other admin- President’s request for the FBI, the De- I wish to emphasize also that there istration to seize those opportunities partment of Justice, the Secret Serv- were many days in which there was as they arise. But I hope the President, ice, the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, more than one encounter with Presi- and his many advisors, will remember and Firearms, and the Judiciary. In- dential representatives from the White that the legislative exercise, particu- cluded in this amount is $67 million to House and not once did I, as the chair- larly in matters of the budget, is an ex- meet the special needs of the General man of the committee, receive any ercise in give and take and neither side Services Administration created by the kind of counsel requests that would in- can expect to have things entirely April 19, 1995, terrorist bombing attack dicate we had to comply with certain their own way. at the Murrah Federal Building. requirements of the White House in I yield the floor. Mr. President, I ask With regard to the striker replace- order to get a signature. There was al- unanimous consent to reserve the re- ment issue, the Senate bill struck a ways the striker replacement and cat- mainder of my time for Senator COCH- provision which was included in the egories of what I call disappointment. RAN. House bill and which would have pro- On any number of funding issues, we The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without hibited the use of any funds in any ap- moved more than halfway toward the objection, it is so ordered. propriations act for fiscal year 1995 to

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00092 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7373 issue, administer or enforce any Execu- and-take of the conference process, conference, that deal was undone. The tive order that prohibited Federal con- were unable to sustain all Senate posi- priorities were changed. tracts with companies that hire perma- tions. Nevertheless, the rescissions This is not a fight about deficit re- nent replacements for striking employ- agreed to in conference are more rea- duction. It is a fight about priorities. ees. The conference agreement deletes sonable and responsible, in large part, We all agree and have voted to cut over that provision. than were contained in the original $16 billion as this bill proposes. We sim- The conferees adopted a provision version of the House bill. ply disagree about where the cuts which I authored and which passed the Consequently, I urge the adoption of ought to be made. Senate by a vote of 99 yeas to 0 nays. the conference report. If the conference The bipartisan deal we reached actu- This provision will assure that the net report is adopted by the Senate and the ally cut spending in the bill by $812 savings in this bill, in the amount of bill is vetoed when it reaches the Presi- million. The Dole-Daschle amendment approximately $9 billion, will be ap- dent’s desk, and if the veto is sus- restored $835 million for investments in plied to deficit reduction only. tained, it remains to be seen if the Con- children and education. It paid for Members will recall that under the gress, in subsequent legislation, will be these investments with $1.65 billion in Daschle/Dole joint leadership amend- able to do any better in the areas of additional cuts in lower priority pro- ment, which was adopted when the concern to the President. grams. measure was before the Senate, ap- Mr. President, in closing, I com- The deal cut spending by twice as proximately $835 million was restored pliment the chairman, Senator HAT- much money as it added back for chil- for various programs which assist chil- FIELD, for his leadership in bringing dren and education. Yet, the programs dren and improve education programs. this legislation through the conference. for which we restored $835 million were Among those funds added back by the I also compliment all of the Senate and cut $685 million in conference below joint leadership amendment were a House conferees. They worked hard and the amount provided in the Senate bill. number of Presidential and congres- they worked diligently to resolve the In other words, 80 percent of the funds sional priorities, such as AmeriCorps, issues in conference. Although I would for programs we restored were dropped WIC, summer jobs, school-to-work, and have favored other outcomes in con- in conference. Chapter 1. Despite numerous meetings ference, I must commend the House Those cuts, while a small part of the and the strong efforts of the Senate conferees, under the leadership of their overall bill, betrayed the agreement conferees, the House conferees were ad- chairman, Mr. LIVINGSTON, and their that we had in the Senate. Worse, in amant, and the Senate was not able to ranking minority member, Mr. OBEY, my view, they undermined our highest sustain many of the priority addbacks for their fairness and cordiality. I priority: America’s children and their in conference. For example, of the $35 think it is a good agreement and I in- families. million in the WIC restoration in the tend to vote for it. The programs shortchanged by the Senate, the conferees agreed to restore I yield the floor. conference agreement include child $15 million. With regard to Chapter 1 Several Senators addressed the care, education, Safe and Drug Free funding for the education of the dis- Chair. Schools, child nutrition, and the Presi- advantaged, the Senate was successful The PRESIDING OFFICER. The mi- dent’s national service program. As a in preventing any funds from being re- nority leader is recognized. result: scinded. The House had proposed re- Mr. DASCHLE. Mr. President, this Fifteen thousand fewer adults will scinding $140.3 million and the con- bill passed the Senate on a totally bi- serve their communities and earn ference agreement fully restored these partisan vote of 99–0. I voted for it, money for education as AmeriCorps funds. The conferees also fully restored along with every one of our Democratic members; the House-proposed rescission of $16.3 colleagues. Two thousand fewer schools in 47 million for impact aid. Overall, for the I had hoped I could vote for this con- States will receive funds for com- programs of the Department of Edu- ference report, especially given the prehensive reforms that can boost aca- cation, the House had proposed rescind- hard work that the chairman, ranking demic standards; ing $1.6 billion, the Senate had restored member, and every other member of Several thousand young people would $1.3 billion, and the conferees agreed to the committee put into the com- lose the opportunity to participate in rescind approximately $800 million. In promise that passed in the Senate. apprenticeships in the School-to-Work other words, the conferees restored I particularly want to thank the Program; about $800 million or one-half of the ranking member for his efforts in Nearly 20 million students and nearly education cuts proposed by the House. bringing the bill to the point that we 90 percent of all schools would lose the However, this still fell short, by about had it prior to the time it went to con- benefits of antiviolence and drug pre- $500 million, of the Senate level of res- ference. And I would like to thank him vention programs. torations in the education area. as well for his efforts in the conference. We simply cannot accept this effort Members may also be encouraged to Without his tireless effort, this con- to undermine a bipartisan agreement know that the Senate position pre- ference report would lack even more we made to protect our investments in vailed in conference with regard to the than it does of the characteristics of children and education. At the same 1995 Summer Youth Program. The full the agreement we reached with the ma- time, we have no debate with the bulk cut of $867 million, as proposed by the jority leader. I know that the distin- of the provisions in this bill. We accept House, was restored. The conferees did, guished Senator from West Virginia, and have voted for the same level of however, rescind all funding for next the ranking member, did everything in cuts contained in it. summer’s program, although this issue his power to preserve that agreement. We would prefer to have a rescissions can be revisited during the processing Unfortunately, despite those efforts, package that we can all support. Dis- of the fiscal year 1996 appropriations some key changes were made in con- aster funding for FEMA, the Presi- bills. ference at the behest of many of our dent’s antiterrorism initiative, and the In conclusion, Mr. President, the con- Republican colleagues. costs arising from the Oklahoma City ference agreement now before the Sen- As a result, I am unable to support bombing should not be held hostage be- ate provides important disaster relief this conference report today, and the cause certain Members insist on cut- and antiterrorism funding. The objec- President is absolutely right to insist ting funds for children’s programs. tionable provision relating to striker that these changes be reversed. If they It is not too late. There is still time replacements is deleted. The savings in are not, the President, in my view, is for us to accommodate many of these the bill of about $9 billion will be ap- right to veto the bill. concerns, and I hope in the coming plied to deficit reduction. Unfortu- This is a different bill than the one days that discussion and perhaps re- nately, there are still substantial cuts we supported when it passed the Sen- sulting negotiations can bring about a in priority programs affecting children ate. The bipartisan compromise we better result. and improving education. The Senate reached with the majority leader made If this bill is vetoed, we should quick- conferees struggled to support the Sen- it a bill that we could support and the ly revisit the issue and make the ate positions, but, through the give- President could sign. Unfortunately, in changes that can allow us to support

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00093 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7374 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 24, 1995 and the President to sign a better bill. However, I felt good about some of And let me observe one more thing We are going to have to put the pieces the work many Members had done to- about the President’s role in all these back together in some form that ac- gether. We restored some of the fund- negotiations on this bill. It has been commodates our concerns, but also ad- ing for WIC, Women, Infants and Chil- implied on the floor here today that dresses the bipartisan concern about dren Program, restored funding for the administration did not provide its the need for $16 billion in overall re- child care. There was a counseling pro- full views on the rescission bill as it scissions. Whether it is done before or gram for seniors, to make sure that moved through the conference com- after, it must be done. Many of us pre- they did not get ripped off, as all too mittee process. That is simply not fer it be done before. But if it is done often happens when it comes to some of true. I understand the administration after, let us get on with it, let us do it, the supplemental Medicare coverage. provided its specific objections to the let us do our job and do it right. We worked hard to restore funding in bill at each stage of its development, Several Senators addressed the Medstart, safe and drug-free schools, including a letter to the conferees on Chair. School to Work initiatives. April 28. These objections are printed The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- In any case, Mr. President, I felt like in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD of May ator from Minnesota. we had done a good job of restoring 18, 1995 on pages H5339 through H5352. I Mr. WELLSTONE. Mr. President, I some funding for programs that are not commend this letter to my colleagues’ want to say to my colleague from Ari- bureaucratic, but that makes a very attention. zona, I will be relatively brief, prob- important difference to a lot of young Mr. President, let me finally say one ably within 10 minutes. people in our country, especially chil- Mr. President, let me just thank the more thing about this bill. I do not dren at risk. Senator from West Virginia for his fine know that there is another Senator Mr. President, now what has hap- who has been more of a leader on issues work. In many ways, I look to him as pened is that more than 80 percent of a teacher, especially when it comes to that affect people in Indian country the funds that we restored, most of than Senator MCCAIN, and so I say this understanding this process and also that funding for the most vulnerable when it comes to wedding integrity conscious of his important role. citizens in this country—children— with politics. I thank him. In many Indian communities there is have now been cut again. Of the $835 I rise, however, in disagreement with no running water, sanitation facilities million we restored, $685 million was two Senators for whom I have a tre- or indoor plumbing. Mr. President, 40 dropped in the final package. mendous amount of respect, because I percent of the American Indian popu- Mr. President, I believe that this re- hold the Senator from Oregon in the lation live in substandard housing, in scissions packages just simply does not same high regard, in the highest re- substandard housing conditions, in de- meet a basic standard of fairness. So gard. plorable conditions. Mr. President, while I supported many kids are in trouble in our coun- try, and we have to be willing to reach Yet we are now poised to wipe out $80 many of the cuts provided for in this million that was duly appropriated last bill, I really believe that what hap- out and invest in them, reach out and provide support for them. Congress, which could really make a pened in conference committee, as the difference in providing some affordable minority leader pointed out, really vio- Not support that reinforces depend- ency, but support that is important to low-income housing. Mr. President, I lates a basic standard of fairness. For cannot stand by in silence, while the example, I brought an amendment to kids, that broadens their opportunities. Starting with making sure that a Senate prepares to pass legislation the floor which put the Senate on which I think would have devastating record that we will take no action that woman who is expecting a child has a effects on our first American citizens. would increase hunger or homelessness decent diet. Making sure that a new- among children. The distinguished Sen- born infant has a decent diet. What are Mr. President, as I review overall ator from Oregon accepted that amend- we doing cutting the Women, Infant, this rescissions package, I just think ment as a part of this rescissions pack- and Children Program? It is an un- that we can do better. What has come age that then went to conference com- qualified success. back from the conference in the form mittee. The amendment was dropped in Mr. President, there were never any of this conference report includes many conference. cuts in the Pentagon budget. None of of the cuts we restored for nutrition I understand why it was dropped, the big military contractors was asked programs, safe and drug free schools, that we were simply expressing the to sacrifice at all. safe housing for children, child care, sense of the Senate, and not the sense I think this rescissions package asks School to Work, AmeriCorps, 8 percent of the House of Representatives, too. the very citizens who cannot tighten of that, has now been cut again. But I also realize, based upon the cuts their belts, to tighten their belts. Espe- I speak tonight to express support for in this rescissions bill and based upon cially children in our country. Espe- the President’s decision but, more im- some of the votes that we have cast cially low-income children, minority portantly, to support some of the most today, that it is going to be very im- children. important citizens in my State and in portant for me and other like-minded And it is for that reason I believe the this country, and that is young people. colleagues to work hard to make sure President of the United States is abso- Some of the kids who are having the that we, in fact, will not take such ac- lutely right when he says we should most difficult time are the very kids tion in the months to come as we move make some changes in this bill, or he we ought to be supporting right now. will veto it. And they don’t have to be through this budget process. Mr. Presi- We can do much better. I think we wholesale changes, relative to the dent, I think that is exactly what we will do much better. But only if we amount of funds in the whole bill. are doing. stand strong and only if the President There are parts of this rescissions Frankly, I was never quite sure of remains firm in his commitment. that bill we passed in the Senate. I package I want to support. So do my I yield the floor. worked about 12 or 15 hours. So did colleagues. But when it comes to the other Senators, right before the final disproportionate cuts that affect the Mr. McCAIN. Mr. President, I do not vote which must have been about 10 most vulnerable citizens in this coun- intend to take the full 30 minutes as I p.m. that night, to restore certain try, starting with children, it just sim- have under the unanimous consent funding for key programs. ply is wrong. And the President of the agreement, and also I would like to I felt proud at that point, because United States of America is absolutely yield some of the time to the Senator while it was not all that I wanted, it right to draw the line. To say, ‘‘I am from Pennsylvania. Also, if necessary, moved us in the right direction. And not going to be a party to or agree to I would be glad to yield some of the when I got up in the middle of the a package of cuts that basically focus time to my colleague from Iowa or the night about 3 a.m. that night, I started on those citizens who do not give the Senator from Mississippi in response to thinking maybe I should not even have big bucks, who did not have the polit- some of the concerns that I have. voted for that package. It was a close ical power. These are just cuts based First let me applaud the Appropria- call. We have a lot of close calls, and upon the path of least political resist- tions Committee for doing an admi- we make our best decisions. ance, and I won’t be a party to them.’’ rable job and resisting earmarks and

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00094 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7375 other unnecessary spending, and I espe- given to build a facility at Iowa State approximately 1,200 acres near the city of cially want to thank Chairman HAT- University? There may be very legiti- Iuka, Mississippi, including all improve- FIELD, Senator BYRD, Chairman LIVING- mate answers to these questions, but ments thereon and also including any per- sonal property owned at NASA that is cur- STON, and other members of the com- none of them have been discussed or rently located on-site and which the State of mittee. debated by the entire U.S. Senate. Mississippi to facilitate the transfer: Pro- I also disagree with the President for There are several more, but two espe- vided, that appropriated funds shall be used stating that he intends to veto this cially. One concerns Clear Lake Devel- to effect this conveyance; Provided further, bill. Certainly, the bill is not perfect, opment Facility. that $10,000,000 in appropriated funds other- but it does, I think, contribute to our The conferees agree to include an adminis- wise available to NASA shall be transferred efforts to reduce unnecessary spending. trative provision which will enable the Na- to the State of Mississippi to be used in the There are several aspects of this bill tional Aeronautics and Space Administra- transition of the facility; Provided further, that I have concerns about and, very tion to exercise an option to purchase the that each federal agency with prior contact frankly, Mr. President, when the Presi- Clear Lake Development Facility, as modi- to the site shall remain responsible for any fied for use as a Neutral Buoyancy Labora- and all environmental remediation made dent says there is pork barrel spending necessary as a result of its activities on the in the bill, I am sorry to say that I also tory. The facility is currently being leased by NASA. It is the intention of the conferees site * * * have reached that conclusion. that the cost of the facility as modified by The Manager’s statement says: I just want to mention several as- the current owner (or contractor) and deliv- Yellow Creek Facility, Mississippi—The pects of the bill, and I would be glad to ered completely modified to NASA, will be federal government has a long history of in- hear a response either from the distin- no more than $35,000,000. volvement in Yellow Creek, located near guished Senator from Mississippi, from The bill text says: Iuka, Mississippi. The site, originally pur- West Virginia, or the Senator from chased by the Tennessee Valley Authority SEC. 1008. The Administrator shall acquire, Iowa, if he so chooses. for no more than $35,000,000 a certain parcel for use as a nuclear energy plant, was subse- To begin with, there are several por- of land, together with existing facilities, lo- quently transferred to NASA after the nu- tions of the bill where money was cated on the site of the property referred to clear energy plant’s cancellation. NASA in- added—added—in, and projects created as the Clear Lake Development Facility, tended to use Yellow Creek to build the Ad- Clear Lake, Texas. The land and facilities in vanced Solid Rocket Motor (ASRM) and, without being in either rescission bill after its cancellation, instead committed to before it went to conference. question comprise approximately 13 acres and include a light Manufacturing Facility, use the site to build nozzles for the Rede- Again, Mr. President, I find this prac- signed Solid Rocket Motor (RSRM). On May tice unacceptable. I find it a depriva- an Avionics Development Facility and an As- sembly and Test Building which shall be 2, 1995, due to its current budgetary con- tion of my rights as a Senator to vote modified for use as a Neutral Buoyancy Lab- straints, NASA terminated the RSRM nozzle and debate on authorization and appro- oratory in support of human space flight ac- production effort at Yellow Creek. The bill priation, and that is why I would con- tivities. language included by the conferees on the transfer of the NASA Yellow Creek facility tinue to raise especially these items This provision, which is in the bill that are put in conference without con- reflects the most recent commitment made text, and the report language was not by the NASA Administrator to the Governor sultation with the rest of the Senate or in either the House or the Senate bills of the State of Mississippi. The major invest- even, very frankly, having been de- as passed by each body. Have there ment by the State of Mississippi in facilities bated or discussed in the formulation been hearings on this matter? The and infrastructure to support Yellow Creek, of the bill on both sides. President’s budget request does not in excess of $100,000,000 is a key to factor in One, the bill’s text says: contain request for this purchase. NASA’s agreement to turn the site over to Of the funds made available under this the State of Mississippi. The main elements heading in Public Law 103–330 and other It is my understanding that NASA of the agreement reached between NASA and Acts, $1,400,000 are rescinded; Provided that must now, should this act become law, the State of Mississippi, which the conferees of balances available within this account, purchase this one certain parcel of expect to be adhered to by the two parties, $12,678,000 shall be available for a grant to land. What if there were other facilities are as follows; The Yellow Creek facility will Iowa State University for the construction that could be bought more inexpen- be turned over to the appropriate agency of of the National Swine Research Center. sively? the State of Mississippi within 30 days of en- And the manager’s statement says: Does NASA need the facilities de- actment of this Act. All of the NASA prop- scribed in the bill text? erty on Yellow Creek which the State of Mis- The House bill proposed rescinding sissippi requires to facilitate the transfer of $12,678,000 from amounts appropriated for the Why is NASA purchasing building fa- the site transfers within the site to the National Swine Research Facility in Ames, cilities that it is then directed to con- State, subject to the following exceptions Iowa. The conference agreement provides vert into a buoyancy lab? *** that the $12,678,000 for the National Swine Does NASA have any need for these Research Facility be provided as a grant to And those exceptions are interesting, Iowa State University to construct that fa- additional buildings? to say the least. But, also, and the cility at Ames, Iowa. The conferees direct It is my understanding that final paragraph is also interesting: the Agricultural Research Service to convey McDonnel-Douglas currently owns this Within thirty days of enactment of this ownership to Iowa State University. The facility. What is the fair market value Act, $10,000,000 will be transferred from conferees are aware of the interest and need of this facility? Have NASA and NASA to the appropriate agency of the State for important swine research; however, fi- McDonnel-Douglas been negotiating of Mississippi. The site’s environmental per- nancial constraints require difficult choices. this sale? mits will become the property of the State of The conferees expect that any future cost of Could not this purchase wait for the Mississippi. NASA will provide all necessary operation associated with that facility be assistance in transferring these permits to provided by sources other than the federal normal authorization and appropria- tion process to occur? the State of Mississippi. government. Again, Mr. President, this is a rescis- It seems to me if we are going to By the way, I noted that just last sion bill. This provision was contained make a purchase of $35 million from a month the President of the United in neither the House nor the Senate private corporation of a piece of land it States went to Iowa and expressed his bills nor accompanying reports. Again, should not appear suddenly in the con- strong support for spending $13 million this language is not in the President’s ference report of a rescission bill. As I for a 13th Federal swine research cen- budget. say there may be perfectly legitimate ter. Why are we forcing NASA to buy one What I do not understand here is, reason to do so, but this is no way to parcel of land while we are forcing it to first, why does this action have to be legislate. give another away at no cost? If NASA taken in a conference that is on a re- The next one, of course, that I find has been working with the State of scission bill? That is No. 1. No. 2, why very unusual is: Mississippi on this matter, why was should it be given to Iowa State Uni- Notwithstanding any other provision of this provision not included in the re- versity? Are there other universities in law or regulation, the National Aeronautics scission bill when that measure was be- and Space Administration (NASA) shall con- the country that are qualified? Was vey, without reimbursement, to the State of fore the Senate? Is there some emer- there any competition? Was there any Mississippi, all rights, title and interest of gency, some reason why we are trans- estimate made of the cost? Or did we the United States in the property known as ferring this land to the State of Mis- just decide that $12,678,000 should be the Yellow Creek Facility and consisting of sissippi in this bill without waiting for

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00095 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7376 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 24, 1995 NASA reauthorization and appropria- I wanted to first congratulate the day because there were reports that tions bills? Senator from Oregon, Senator HAT- the President was actually going to Mr. President, there are numerous FIELD, and the Senator from West Vir- come forward with a budget, that he other provisions in this bill which I ginia, Senator BYRD, on plain, true said in some radio interview with Na- will make part of the RECORD as part of leadership in this bill through the proc- tional Public Radio in New Hampshire my statement. But here is the problem ess. They went into the conference and that he was really going to work on his again. they stood by the Senate positions as 10-year budget plan, that he thought The problem is that we have author- best they could. They negotiated, I we could get to a balanced budget in 10 ization bills on which many issues are think, a very good bill, a bill that years, and he was going to offer some- silent, like these two I just went over. strikes a good balance in a variety of thing. Then we have an appropriations proc- different programs. They provided But, again, not with a great amount ess here on the floor of the Senate leadership. They provided leadership. of surprise, the President came out where we are silent on these two major They stood up, fought for what they be- today, and according to the Wash- projects totaling well over $70 million lieved in, and they were able to succeed ington Post: here. in coming out with a compromise bill Clinton sidestepped questions about wheth- And then out of the conference into that I think will pass overwhelmingly er he was still committed to the time frame the report, where no Member of this on the Senate floor. he outlined in a weekend radio interview body can make any changes to it, ap- I am not surprised by the comments with four New Hampshire reporters * * * pear these appropriations for as much of Senator HATFIELD. Senator HAT- He said, you know, I think all Ameri- as $50 or $60 million in this case. It de- FIELD said that in his entire tenure as cans should be committed to a bal- prives the Members of the Senate of a Member of the Appropriations Com- anced budget. the ability to debate and discuss issues mittee—which I am sure spans well That was his new comment that, you and the expenditure of their taxpayers’ over 20 years—that this was the first know, we should all be for this but, of dollars. conference committee that he has been course, he is not going to put anything Especially egregious is when it is on to where the administration had no forward. In fact, Michael McCurry, his a rescission bill. This is not a spending input, had no one there, was providing spokesperson, his press secretary, said: bill. This is a rescission bill. So instead no guidance, no leadership, no direc- Right now, to come forward [with an alter- of cutting funding we are adding tion as to where to take this con- native budget] would be an idle exercise. money. ference report and how to reduce the Now I understand. Leadership, ac- Mr. President, as I say, there are budget deficit. Absent, without leader- cording to the White House, is an ‘‘idle probably good and valid and legitimate ship, AWOL again this time on a $16 exercise,’’ going to conference com- reasons for these areas and others I billion rescissions bill. It was not mittee meetings to discuss reducing will highlight in the formal part of my there. the budget deficit by $16 billion is an statement. But I can assure you, there Now, after Senator HATFIELD, Sen- ‘‘idle exercise’’ that is not worth the is no argument that can be made that ator BYRD, and Chairman Livingston President’s time. Why should he get in- this process is correct because it does over in the House worked so hard, put volved in anything such as cutting not allow the Members of this body, together and crafted a compromise money or the balanced budget? This is who were duly elected but were not that they could all live with, the Presi- an ‘‘idle exercise.’’ This, for a Presi- members of the conference on appro- dent comes in and waves a white flag dent who weeks ago had a debate with priations with the other body to have and, says, ‘‘Oh, no. I do not like this. I himself as to whether he was relevant any input whatsoever into these deci- know this is bad. Of the $16 billion to the process here in Washington. sions. We deserve that. And it is our there, is almost $1 billion I do not like. Mr. President, you are answering obligation, since it is our taxpayers’ I cannot sign it. I wish you would have your own questions by your actions. dollars being expended, to be a part of told me.’’ So while he says, ‘‘Well, I am not that. That is not leadership. That is not now putting together a budget because I hope this process will stop. I hope taking a very serious problem, and the it would be an idle exercise to do so,’’ this process will stop. We are about to problem is the budget deficit, and we find out from senior spokespeople at begin the appropriations cycle of some doing something proactive coming into the White House that the Office of 12 or 13 bills. those conferences and providing direc- Management and Budget is working on I intend, I say to my colleagues, to tion. a budget. I do not know whether they continue to do everything in my power So now we see the veto threat com- are not telling the President they are to stop this practice and return to the ing out, that they are going to veto working on a budget or the President practices that we should follow in the this bill that passed the House with bi- does not want anybody to know he is U.S. Senate, which are hearings, au- partisan support, and passed the Sen- working on a budget, or whether, you thorization, appropriation, conference, ate with partisan support, and will now know, someone is just leaking it out and final signing of the bill by the go to the President to be buried. It is that they are working on a budget so President of the United States. something that did not have to happen. we think they are working on a budget. Mr. President, I ask how much time If there is a sad thing about what is These are all very interesting things I have remaining? going to occur in the next few days, it that could be going on. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- is it did not have to be this way. The But the bottom line is that it is 7 ator has 18 minutes and 5 seconds re- reason it is this way is because the days and no budget, no plan; 7 days, no maining. President refused to lead. But this leadership, no direction, no ideas, Mr. McCAIN. Mr. President, I will should come as no shock to anyone in walking away from one of the greatest yield at the appropriate time, when he this Chamber. and most important moments in the is ready, 10 minutes to the Senator One of the reasons I am here to- last several decades, which is balancing from Pennsylvania, of my time remain- night—and I have been for the past sev- this budget. ing. eral nights—is to talk about the Presi- I am not surprised, but I am dis- Mr. SANTORUM. Mr. President, I dent’s lack of leadership with respect appointed. As I said before, I am going thank very much the Senator from Ari- to the budget resolution. Now, 6 days to come here every day, every day be- zona for yielding. I appreciate his com- ago, as I add the number 7 to the tween now and October 1, and chal- ments. It is gratifying to know the chart—7 days ago Senator DOMENICI’s lenge the President to stop it; please, Senator, not only on this bill but many Budget Committee presented a bal- please stop it. Please stop me from other bills that come through here, is anced budget resolution on the floor of coming here and having to put this dogged in his determination to ferret the Senate. It has been 7 days with no chart up, having to print up more num- out inappropriate things that are put proposal to balance the budget from bers. These get expensive. I do not in bills. I appreciate the Senator’s President Clinton now, a week the want to print up more numbers. comments on that and congratulate President has sat on the sidelines. Yes- So I have to keep adding numbers to him on his vigor. terday was day 6, a potentially exciting the chart here about how many days it

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00096 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7377 has been since you have decided not to various provisions included in the con- cockroaches; no matter what we throw participate in the process. ference report of the rescissions bill. at them or how many we kill, some of Today was an interesting day. It was Let me first reiterate how pleased I them still survive. an interesting day today. We had sev- am to be working with the Senator on Mr. President, there are other pro- eral Democratic Senators come for- a variety of congressional and budget grams as well: $12.7 million for a Na- ward with their balanced budget pro- related reforms. He and I share a num- tional Swine Research Center. It is my posals. After, I am sure, imploring the ber of common concerns regarding the understanding that, as I believe my Chief Executive Officer of the country impact of special interests on elected friend pointed out, there are already a to propose his budget that balances the Government, and I was delighted when dozen such centers. Do we really need a budget, they decided to venture out on the Senator from Arizona approached 13th swine research center? And if we their own and introduce the budget an me before this session began to see if I do need a 13th swine research center, hour before the end of debate on the would be interested in working with should there not be a competitive proc- balanced budget resolution. him on some of those issues. ess to justify where the thing is sited? We had 50 hours of debate on the That kind of bipartisan spirit is es- Another one: $1 million allocated to budget, and 1 hour before the termi- sential if we are to build anything the Advanced Lead-Acid Battery Con- nation of debate, several Democratic truly meaningful and lasting in the sortium. Senators rushed to the floor with their 104th Congress. Mr. President, it is my understanding idea sketched out—I do not know Without that spirit, all that can be that one company is the principal ben- whether it was on the back of the enve- done is to advance an agenda that is eficiary of this research funding. This lope or the front of the envelope—but hollow and transitory. Despite the un- has all the trappings once again of cor- it was sketched out in very vague derstandably partisan tone of the porate welfare. I question whether we terms about how they are going to get statements often made in the Chamber, should be dedicating scarce revenues to there. We are going to have some tax I know there are people of good will on the kind of applied research for which increases. We knew that. I mean, that both sides of the aisle who are willing the private benefits clearly exceed the was a given. The question was, how to try to tackle problems together. public benefits. much? They said $230 billion. The Sen- I have often mentioned the Kerrey- And then, Mr. President, we find the ator from New Hampshire was sug- Brown deficit reduction package that following provision in section 1008 of gesting maybe it is more like $400 bil- was developed in the last Congress as the bill. It says: lion, about a third of what they want an example of that kind of effort. And The Administrator shall acquire, for no to cut the deficit by. I was happy to be a part of that bipar- more than $35 million, a certain parcel of They want to do it over 9 years in- tisan effort. land, together with existing facilities, lo- stead of 7. They want to use some of I think the effort the Senator from cated on the site of the property referred to our cuts. They want to use some of our Arizona and I are making is another as the Clear Lake Development Facility, Clear Lake, TX. savings given by the Congressional such example of bipartisan work. Budget Office by balancing the budget, There has been some progress made The section goes on to explain that none of which has been scored by the already this year. I was delighted that NASA is being directed to buy this Congressional Budget Office. They just a measure to clean up the emergency property to use as a neutral buoyancy want to throw this together with no appropriations process, which the Sen- laboratory. One might well ask, Mr. President, specifics, no plan on how to get the $150 ator from Arizona and I sponsored, was what this provision is doing in a bill, billion in cuts they want to get out of included in the line-item veto measure the main focus of which is to reduce Medicare, no plan on how they are that passed the Senate, and I very the deficit. going to restructure any of the pro- much hope that the line-item veto con- But, Mr. President, just when you grams that they want to cut in domes- ferees will retain that emergency think you have seen it all, you read the tic discretionary or defense spending spending provision. And there will be very next provision, section 1009, which —no specifics, just some numbers, just others as well. reads as follows: some tax increases, and just a lot of Mr. President, one of the ongoing ef- rhetoric about, you know, we are for forts that the Senator from Arizona Notwithstanding any other provision of law or regulation.* * * NASA shall convey, this too, we want to be relevant, too. and I agreed on was to undertake a look at the earmarked items in appro- without reimbursement, to the State of Mis- After sounding somewhat critical, I sissippi, all rights, title and interest of the congratulate them. I congratulate priations bills. The Senator from Ari- United States in the property known as the them for at least stepping from behind zona has a long history of this already, Yellow Creek Facility and consisting of ap- the shadows and moving forward, and of certainly some discomfort to some, proximately 1,200 acres near the city of Iuka, saying, ‘‘We believe in a balanced budg- but I believe it has had an impact. Just MS. et, too. Here is how we are going to get the knowledge that the Senator from Mr. President, if you can believe it, it there. We don’t believe we should fun- Arizona will be asking questions about gets worse. Further down section 1009 damentally restructure Government as these kinds of appropriations can be a we find the following. much as you think we need to do. We deterrent. I certainly hope this is the Provided further that $10 million in appro- need to increase taxes some more be- case. And I also hope that by joining priated funds otherwise available to NASA cause the American public does not pay him in this effort on a regular basis, we shall be transferred to the State of Mis- enough to run this place. So we need to can discourage even more. sissippi to be used in the transition of the fa- tax them some more.’’ So, Mr. President, that brings me to cility. That is fine, if they believe that. If the rescissions bill. It is ironic that Not only are we giving away this fa- that is what you believe, then come legislation intended to take a first step cility, Mr. President, the Federal Gov- here and defend it. toward a balanced budget has become ernment is actually throwing in $10 I congratulate them for having the again a vehicle for a number of provi- million to sweeten the deal in some- courage to come up and defend it. I am sions that I think move us in the wrong thing we call a rescissions bill. hoping that when this debate is all— direction. Not only does the conference Mr. President, in two consecutive The PRESIDING OFFICER. The 10 report specify new spending, for which sessions of the so-called rescissions minutes allotted to the Senator has ex- there is no compelling or immediate bill, NASA is required to pay $35 mil- pired. need, it also contains provisions which lion for 13 acres of land and facilities in Mr. SANTORUM. I yield the floor. restore funding beyond the level which Texas to establish a neutral buoyancy Mr. FEINGOLD addressed the Chair. passed either House. lab and to give away 1,200 acres of land The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- My friend from Arizona mentioned and facilities in Mississippi along with ator from Wisconsin [Mr. FEINGOLD], is some of these items. We have all read a bonus of $10 million. recognized. about the various earmarked transpor- My back-of-the-envelop arithmetic Mr. FEINGOLD. I rise to thank my tation projects, courthouses and other suggests that Federal taxpayers netted good friend, the senior Senator from building projects that somehow con- out losing $45 million and 1,187 acres Arizona, for his comments regarding tinue to endure. They are kind of like from just those two sections alone.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00097 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7378 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 24, 1995 I am sure someone might be able to itures for our present fiscal year is to because the needed research was not provide us with some reasons NASA is be complimented and to be considered being conducted in any other State or being required to make these deals, but fiscally responsible. I applaud them for Federal laboratory nationwide. This nothing in this legislation before us that. peer review panel made very definite suggests anything the least bit urgent At the same time, I think it is irre- that this program of research not be about them. sponsible for the President to take the duplicative and they made a deter- Mr. President, should we be asked to position he has when there was so mination it would not be duplicative. swallow these land deals as part of leg- much of an effort in the Senate to ac- They did that through defining the islation intended to give us a good commodate the White House in the mission, the mission of the research jump-start at deficit reduction and to first instance of the passage of this leg- center. That mission is to develop tech- provide emergency funding for some islation. nology to ensure that the U.S. pork in- urgent problems? I do not think we I hope the President will change his dustry operates as an environmentally should. If there are sound reasons to mind, sign the bill and help move us on sound and efficient animal production make these land deals, then those who to a balanced budget much quicker system. advocate these arrangements should be than would otherwise happen. In that particular statement from willing to subject them to the scrutiny My good friend from Arizona has the U.S. Department of Agriculture, we of the regular appropriations or au- raised a lot of issues, on this bill and ought to put emphasis upon environ- thorization bills. These provisions on other bills, that raise the question mentally sound as a lead purpose of the argue strongly for the reform that the about the wise expenditure of public swine research center in Iowa as op- Senator from Arizona and I have intro- moneys. I compliment him for doing posed to the other swine research cen- duced and that was included in the that. He is a responsible watchdog of ters that the Senator from Arizona line-item veto measure we passed. the taxpayers’ money. There are not mentioned in the question about why, Mr. President, by establishing a new enough of those in this town. when you have some, do you need oth- point of order against adding these One of the issues that he raised pre- ers. We need a national swine research kinds of nonemergency measures to viously was on the National Swine Re- center because we have not had ade- emergency appropriations bills and by search Center located at Iowa State quate research in that area and we prohibiting OMB from adjusting spend- University, one of the major univer- need it. ing caps or otherwise relaxing the se- sities in my State. I want to speak to The emphasis, of course, is on the en- quester process for emergency appro- that point, because I think he raised vironmental aspects. But also like priations bills that include these extra- some legitimate questions about it. other research centers, the environ- neous measures, our proposal would The first question raised was whether mental research and determinations limit the ability of some to circumvent or not it was a conferenceable item— have something to do with the effi- the normal legislative process as I sug- was it in one of the bills before it went ciency of the animal production sys- gest may have occurred here. These to conference or was it amended in con- tem. provisions also argue for the line-item ference? The U.S. Department of Agriculture, veto measure itself, and I very much It was a conferenceable item. Under through their directives on this par- hope we can make progress in moving the rules of the House and Senate con- ticular National Swine Research Cen- that issue along as well. ference, it was something that could ter, says that it will help maintain and I just want to reiterate any thanks to have legitimately been dealt with in increase the competitiveness and effi- the Senator from Arizona and his staff the conference. It was not something ciency of U.S. pork production and for their continuing vigilance on these that was added after the fact by the marketing. These are national goals, as issues. There are tangible costs to that conferees in an effort to sneak some- well. Agriculture is one of those areas work, as anyone reviewing the list of thing through. of production in America where we are projects that has been rescinded can di- The next question that was legiti- most efficient and where we are with- vine, but in the end, Mr. President, the mately raised was why a swine re- out a doubt competitive with any other only way we will end these abuses is search center and why at Iowa State country in the world. for Members to follow the lead of the University? The exports of our agriculture prod- Senator from Arizona and reject these I suppose the latter one is the easiest ucts give us a very positive, favorable special provisions even when it means to answer. It is there because our State trade balance in agriculture. Without rejecting a project for one’s own State. is the leading pork producing State in that positive favorable balance in agri- So I thank the Chair, and I yield the the Nation. And some of the best sci- culture and in food products we would floor. entists in animal husbandry are there, have yet a bigger deficit in our overall Mr. GRASSLEY addressed the Chair. some of the best researchers. So you trade. So, a research center that is The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. put a facility where outstanding people going to continue to keep us competi- FRIST). Who yields time? are located to do the research when tive has a very good overall economic Mr. MCCAIN. Mr. President, I ask you have a national goal to do research benefit to our entire Nation, as we try unanimous consent that the Senator in a particular area. to keep our trade deficit down. from Iowa be allowed 10 minutes. The whole issue of swine research, Now this compromise before us al- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there the whole issue of agricultural re- lows the laboratory of the national objection? Without objection, it is so search, is not questioned any more as a swine center to be built at a cost of ordered. good public policy of our Government. $12,678,000 by the Agriculture Research Mr. GRASSLEY. I thank the Senator It is something that has been promoted Service. from Arizona for the 10 minutes. by the Federal Government going back Mr. President, we have appropriated Before I speak to the point that the to 1862. More specifically, in this cen- these funds in other fiscal years for Senator from Arizona brought up about tury, a lot of legislation was passed this project, in fiscal year 1992, $1.8 the national swine center, I want to that has the Federal Government, million; fiscal year 1993, $1.5 million; compliment everyone who worked on through the Agriculture Research fiscal year 1994, $4.5 million; and fiscal this rescissions bill which rescinds $16 Service, very much involved in agricul- year 1995, $6.2 million. billion of expenditures, moving us tural research; not to benefit just the Twelve million dollars completes the more quickly to a balanced budget farmers, but to make sure that there is project. I am sure that the Senator than waiting until the beginning of fis- an adequate supply of food and high- from Arizona would not suggest that cal year 1996 which starts October 1 of quality food available for consumers. we should throw the work already done this year. Why do we have a National Swine Re- down the drain by not completing this This gives us a 6-month head start on search Center? Well, there was careful project. the efforts toward balancing the budg- consideration given to the formation of Now, the legitimate question is asked et. Everybody, Republican and Demo- this. A long time ago, a national peer by the Senator from Arizona about why crat, involved in this process to bring panel recommended the establishment is this project given to Iowa State Uni- forth this sort of change in the expend- of a Swine Research Center. They did it versity.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00098 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7379 The pork industry of the United So I ask my colleagues to consider about not letting the plans for the States of America, probably the re- these points of view and let this facil- Swine Research Center go forward as searchers involved, and Iowa State ity be completed once and for all. originally developed. I strongly dis- University, would rather not have this Mr. McCAIN addressed the Chair. agreed with the position of the House given to Iowa State University. Tradi- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- conferees, and I worked with them to tionally, this would continue to be a ator from Arizona. improve report language they had first Federal facility with the operation Mr. McCAIN. Mr. President, I want recommended that would have been costs paid, because it is a national re- to thank the Senator from Iowa for his quite damaging to the future of the search center in cooperation with the very lucid and informative expla- center. In the end the House conferees U.S. Department of Agriculture, ful- nation. I regret we have to go through agreed that the $12.678 million which filling a national service. this kind of a drill. I think we could had been appropriated would not be re- A lot of those operational costs over probably avoid it in the future under scinded, but they insisted on report the ensuing years would be paid for by different circumstances of authoriza- language specifying that once the facil- the Federal taxpayers. But, it is one of tion and appropriations process. ity at Ames, Iowa is constructed it the compromises, in order to go ahead I also thank my friend and colleague would be conveyed to Iowa State Uni- and get this facility finished, that Iowa from Wisconsin, Senator FEINGOLD, for versity and further stating that future State University would assume the all he has done and all he will continue costs of operating that facility at Ames operational costs of the laboratory and to do. I appreciate the opportunity of are expected to be provided by sources any additional construction costs working with him on a bipartisan other than the Federal Government. above that figure. The Agricultural Re- basis. The language also states that Iowa search Service, then, would turn the Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, I regret State University should work in col- completed structure over to Iowa State that my friend, the senator from Ari- laboration with the pork industry to University. zona, has chosen once again to criticize cover research and additional construc- Where continually there would be an funding for the National Swine Re- tion costs associated with the center or ongoing cost every year for decades search Center. He attacks this con- to offset those costs through the con- into the future for the operation of ference report because it does not re- solidation of Federal research activi- this, the answer to the Senator from scind funding for the center provided in ties. Again, I strongly disagree with Arizona is it was given to Iowa State previous measures. University so that the Federal tax- the report language insisted upon by Let us be clear that the rescissions the House conferees, but it was the payers would not be saddled with the bill passed by the Senate did not in- operation of it into the future. best that could be obtained under the clude any provisions pertaining to the circumstances. Iowa State University, the National National Swine Research Center. It Mr. McCAIN. Mr. President, I believe Pork Producers and even the Agri- was only in the measure passed by the I have about 7 minutes remaining. I culture Research Service will work to House of Representatives that funding make sure that there is no duplication yield the remainder of my time to the for the center would have been re- of research other places, that there are Senator from Rhode Island who has a scinded. So if the senator from Arizona efficiencies made elsewhere at the statement to make. is criticizing the Senate conferees for other facilities for swine research, and supporting the Senate’s position and Mr. CHAFEE. Mr. President, I thank to make sure that we consolidate Fed- not receding to the House on this the distinguished Senator from Arizona eral swine research activities so there point, I believe his criticism is mis- for letting me have some time at the is no duplication. final part of this evening. This was a demand from the chair- placed. man, particularly on the House side, We debated funding for the center on It is with some reluctance that I will for us to meet, to satisfy the leaders on the floor of the Senate earlier this vote against the conference report on the other side of the Hill that this year. My colleague from Iowa, Senator H.R. 1158, the pending rescissions bill. would not be an ongoing cost and this GRASSLEY, and I discussed the develop- The report has much to commend it. It would be the end of it if they com- ment of plans for the center, the need would provide needed disaster relief to pleted it. This was all a general agree- for the research that it will conduct Americans across the country who are ment to get this activity completed. So and the justification for construction still recovering from a series of trage- it is completed. of this new facility. dies, of course the principal one of I hope that I have satisfied the Sen- The Agricultural Research Service those is in Oklahoma City. ator from Arizona—without trying to has stated that the research at the In addition, the report would provide discourage him from asking legitimate Swine Research Center will not be du- for more than $16 billion in savings to questions, which he has—that the com- plicative of other research. There is no the Federal Treasury. Although I can- pletion of this is necessary so that the other facility now equipped to carry not say I agree with each of the places $12 million is not wasted and, in addi- out the research that is planned for the where the report would make these tion, that this will not be an ongoing Center. That research will emphasize cuts, nonetheless it represents a really cost to the taxpayers of the Federal odor and water quality research. The solid first step toward reversing the Government. That it was only given in goal is to help the pork industry im- pattern of unconstrained Federal ownership to Iowa State University, prove its competitiveness and effi- spending. not just because the Federal Govern- ciency in an environmentally sound Mr. President, notwithstanding the ment just gives away things willy- manner. benefits of the funding provisions of nilly, but because Iowa State Univer- This Center was peer reviewed. It has the report, it is the general policy pro- sity is accepting the cost of the oper- been identified by ARS as a high pri- visions that are the ones that have led ation not for only the short term but ority. It is a product of joint planning me to conclude I cannot support the re- long term. by ARS, the National Pork Producers I hope that my colleagues see that as Council, the Iowa Pork Producers and port. As those who have read the report a good deal for the taxpayers, a good Iowa State University. carefully will note, it is replete with deal for agricultural research, a good Because agricultural research is so measures that would override or revise deal for the pork industry, a good deal important to our Nation, and because substantially environmental laws in a for our balance of trade, a good deal to pork production is such a large part of variety of contexts. I am especially assure an adequate supply of quality our Nation’s agricultural economy, I concerned about those relating to Fed- food to the consumers of America. All believe there is ample justification for eral timber sales and the National En- of these are good public policy; all of using Federal funds to construct the vironmental Policy Act of 1969, some- these have been followed in a lot of National Swine Research Center and to times referred to as NEPA. areas of agricultural research in the support the operation of the center and My concern with the bill’s timber past, maybe even a lot of research gen- its research in future years. sales provisions have been evidenced erally that our National Government But the House conferees on this bill ever since I voted against a motion to conducts. said that their leadership was adamant table a substitute amendment during

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00099 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7380 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 24, 1995 the floor debate on the Senate version Done poorly, the productivity and biologi- vetoes a $16 billion cut in Government of the bill. I recognize the need to ad- cal integrity of public forests may be perma- spending to protect a few pet programs, dress expeditiously risks arising from nently compromised. he is putting the interests of his ad- the poor health of certain public for- And finally, Mr. President, environ- ministration and his part in front of ests. mental effects of sales encompassed by the interests of the people of America. However, this provides no ground for the report could be substantial, par- I would like to comment briefly on throwing environmental considerations ticularly in light of two factors: No. 1, the supplemental funding provided for overboard. The conference report has the conferees extended by a full year the FBI and the Justice Department in only added to my concerns. the period during which sufficiency the Commerce, Justice, State section Why do I say this? First, the report language would apply. This extension of the bill. The President requested $71 retains so-called ‘‘sufficiency lan- would nearly double the sufficiency pe- million for the Justice Department’s guage,’’ with respect to salvage and op- riod that was in the Senate bill. response to the Oklahoma City bomb- tion 9 timber sales. This language pro- We passed a bill at a certain length of ing and to enhance Federal law en- vides that an agency’s compliance with time. They doubled it in the con- forcement’s ability to respond to do- certain minimal obligations in the car- ference, and this could translate into mestic terrorism. The conferees were rying out of a sale is ‘‘deemed suffi- an additional 2 billion to 4 billion concerned that, in many cases, the cient’’ to satisfy the requirements of board feet of timber being harvested President’s request failed to provide all applicable statutes. with minimal environmental analysis. the true, full-year cost of hiring addi- This language would disallow any This is not a case of rushing in and tional FBI and other Justice Depart- meaningful site-specific challenge to a picking up some timber that has just ment personnel, since the President as- sale under the environmental laws, es- fallen down in a certain area. This is sumes that many of these new per- pecially given that the report would big activity. sonnel will be hired late in the fiscal also would eliminate administrative No. 2, while numerical timber volume year. As a strong supporter of federal law appeals of timber sale decisions. targets have been removed from the enforcement, I wanted to ensure that In addition, Mr. President, another bill, the managers’ statement includes the FBI and the Justice Department provision in the report expressly would a so-called ‘‘volume requirements.’’ have the resources they need to pros- revise the agencies’ analytical obliga- This is a classic example of trying to ecute and convict the violent criminals tions with respect to salvage timber have it both ways. The managers’ vol- who committed the Oklahoma City sales. The provision in question would ume numbers exceed by far what agri- bombing. I also wanted to begin the make the duty to consider environ- culture Secretary Glickman has said the Forest Service can achieve while process of strengthening Federal law mental effects of salvage timber sales enforcement so that we can do every- solely discretionary. I think this is an meeting substantial requirements of applicable law. thing possible to prevent anything like important point, Mr. President. Under this terrible crime from ever happening the revisions that have been made in Mr. President, I have concerns over what is done to the National Environ- again. connection with this rescissions bill, To accomplish these goals, the con- the agency would make the duty to mental Policy Act, so-called NEPA. But, Mr. President, in this late period ferees have provided $113 million for consider environmental effects of sal- the Justice Department, including $90 in the evening, I am not going to de- vage timber sales to become discre- million for the FBI, and an additional bate the merits of the report’s NEPA tionary; in other words, you do not $16.6 million for increased security at provisions as much as to highlight that have to do it. Federal courthouses. These amounts there has not been real debate on them This approach, I believe, is short- are within the parameters set for this at all. These actions take place in the sighted and unwise. Conducting envi- bill by the full committee chairmen, Appropriations Committee, and I do ronmental analysis can be especially and I intend to provide additional re- not think the Congress should be in the important in carrying out salvage sales sources for these purposes when I routine of using appropriations bills to because candidate sites usually have present my recommendations for the bypass or bar compliance with environ- experienced significant disturbances. A fiscal year 1996 Justice Department ap- salvage sale has arisen because there mental statutes in ways that will have propriation. has been significant disturbances in significant environmental effects. This I am dismayed that, in many cases, the area—a tremendous hurricane or is an improper practice that must the additional resources requested by tornado, earthquake, or something as cease. For me, that means now with the President to respond to the Okla- formidable as an explosion, the vol- this report. homa City bombing are for items pre- canic action of a mountain, as took I want to thank the Chair and yield viously requested by the FBI and the place in the State of Washington about back the remainder of my time. Justice Department in their regular 15 to 18 years ago. Mr. GRAMM. Mr. President, I rise budget requests, but previously re- Such sites, therefore, are often espe- today in support of the conference re- jected by the Clinton White House. cially sensitive to further disturbance port to accompany H.R. 1158, the Emer- Under the Clinton administration, caused by timber harvests. gency Supplemental and Rescission the FBI endured a nearly 2-year hiring Is this me talking or some expert? Act. I am proud of the fact that my freeze, while normal attrition reduced Well, let us see what the dean of the colleagues and I on the House and Sen- the number of special agents by 765. Duke University School of Environ- ate Appropriations Committees have The FBI crime laboratory has been ment, Norman Christensen, said in cut more spending in this bill than in forced to curtail the services it pro- March 23 of 1995, just 2 months ago, in any rescission bill in the history of this vides State and local law enforcement a letter to Appropriations Committee country. I want to compliment Chair- agencies due to budget constraints. As Chairman HATFIELD. He explained the man HATFIELD and Chairman LIVING- chairman of the Appropriations Sub- possible serious adverse effects of poor- STON for their leadership on this legis- committee that funds the FBI, I am ly carried out salvage sales. lation. committed to reversing this trend, and This is what he said: The bill cuts $16.4 billion in spending I am confident that these efforts will and provides supplemental funding for Improperly used, however, [salvage and have the strong support of the Amer- thinning] can cause serious, long-lasting disaster relief and increased anti-ter- ican people and the vast majority of damage to resources including soils, streams, rorism funding to respond to the Okla- the Senate. wildlife, fish and residual trees. The timing homa City bombing. I, for one, am out- Finally, I am proud that the con- and manner of their application requires at raged that President Clinton an- ference agreement on the Commerce, least as careful analysis and monitoring as nounced last Wednesday that he in- Justice, State section of the bill in- other types of logging. tends to veto this rescission bill. The cludes more new spending reductions In other words, there is not some- President should sign the rescission than either of the House- or Senate- thing unique about salvage sales, winds bill and join our efforts to put the Fed- passed bills. The budget resolution cur- fall and timber; you can just go in and eral Government on a budget like ev- rently under consideration in the Con- take it away. erybody else. When President Clinton gress will build on the good work of

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00100 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7381 this rescission bill and ultimately lead 33,629 of whom died in battle. An addi- level of education rescissions.’’ I ask us to the first balanced Federal budget tional 103,284 were wounded and 8,177 unanimous consent that this letter be since 1969. When we complete our work were listed as missing or prisoners of entered into the RECORD. on these measures, we will have ful- war. There are 329 American prisoners Despite an unmistakably clear mes- filled the promise Republicans made to of war still unaccounted for. sage to the conferees, the conference the American people last November, to Mr. STEVENS. Unfortunately, the agreement has now come back with put the Federal Government on a budg- Korean war has come to be known as $950 million in cuts to education pro- et, to say not to more Federal spend- America’s forgotten war, and our vet- grams and we are being asked once ing, and to allow more families to say erans from that era deserve the rec- again to cut education. yes to their own spending priorities for ognition they earned through their I don’t think I need to repeat again their own children. valor and sacrifices. The following Sen- the effect of these harsh rescissions— NATIONAL KOREAN WAR VETERANS ARMISTICE ators served in that war: my friend reduction or elimination of violence DAY JOHN WARNER, as well as BEN and drug prevention programs for 39 Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, in- NIGHTHORSE CAMPBELL, JOHN CHAFEE, million students; elimination of school cluded in H.R. 1158 is language that JOHN GLENN, and ARLEN SPECTER. reform grants to 4,000 schools; reduc- will designate July 27 of each year, Mr. President, for that reason, the tion in reading and math assistance for from 1995 until 2003, the 50th anniver- distinguished senior Senator from Vir- 135,000 at-risk children; elimination of sary of the end of active conflict in the ginia and I proposed establishing a Na- a promising start on technology in Korean war, as National Korean War tional Korean War Armistice Day. We schools—all of this and more will be Veterans Armistic Day. This important believe that this Nation should never gone if the conference report is adopted designation could not have been forget the service rendered, and the and the President signs the bill. achieved without the assistance of my sacrifices made, by those brave Ameri- One point cannot be overempha- good friend and colleague, the senior cans who fought, and in particular sized—schools across the country are Senator from Alaska, Senator STE- those who died, in the Korean war. counting on these funds. States have VENS. I would also like to point out Mr. WARNER. The distinguished sen- already been notified of the amounts that our initiative to put this language ior Senator from Alaska and I are also they will receive in July. If these re- in H.R. 1158 is a one-time exception due pleased that, as a result of congres- scissions go through, children will be to the timeliness of the matter—the sional and Presidential authorizations, dropped from services, teachers will be Korean War Veterans’ Memorial will be the Korean War Veterans Memorial laid off, computer orders will be can- dedicated this July. will be built, in Washington, DC, to celed. Mr. STEVENS. Mr. President, I join recognize and honor the service and I think the record of the U.S. Senate with my distinguished colleague, the sacrifice of those Americans who par- on education rescissions is clear. I urge senior Senator from Virginia, in this ticipated in the Korean war. By estab- my colleagues to reject this report, and proposal to formally honor those brave lishing July 27 as National Korean War to vote to sustain a veto if President Americans who fought in the Korean Veterans Armistice Day, we will build Clinton vetoes this bill, which I believe war. This is an initiative which is both upon and enhance that long-due rec- he should and will. important and necessary. ognition for Korean war veterans. Mr. FEINGOLD addressed the Chair. On June 25, 1950, without warning, Mr. KENNEDY. Mr. President, I rise The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- armed forces of the People’s Demo- to speak against the conference report ator from Wisconsin. cratic Republic of Korea invaded their that is before us this evening. Six Mr. FEINGOLD. Mr. President, I ask neighbors to the south, the Republic of weeks ago, we spent nearly a week here unanimous consent to speak as in Korea, initiating the Korean war. on the Senate floor debating the merits morning business for 5 minutes. Shortly thereafter, at the request of of cutting funding for education. Many Mr. COCHRAN. Mr. President, reserv- the President of the Republic of Korea, believed that the rescission bill made ing the right to object, we have an President Harry S Truman directed too many cuts in important education order for the disposition of debate American forces to enter into the war. and training and children’s programs under the rescissions supplemental ap- The American involvement was spear- that benefit working families and chil- propriations bill. I wonder if the Sen- headed by the Army’s Task Force dren. ator will permit us to complete that Smith. After many days of debate, the Sen- action, and then there will be a period Subsequently, a U.N. command was ate reached an agreement that rear- for morning business set aside for the created which, by the end of active ranged the Senate’s priorities and re- Senator to speak. combat, had incorporated military stored funding for children and for edu- Mr. FEINGOLD. How much time re- units from 21 member nations, under cation. Under the leadership of Major- mains? U.S. leadership, in the struggle. The ity Leader DOLE and Minority Leader Mr. COCHRAN. Only 3 minutes re- fighting continued, with American DASCHLE, the children and education main with this Senator. I am advised forces bearing the brunt of the action, cuts were limited to $400 million. In the Senator from West Virginia has 8 until July 27, 1953, when a cease-fire the end, the Senate took a strong posi- minutes, and he authorized us to yield agreement ended active combat. tion in support of students and chil- back that time. So the Senator can Mr. WARNER. Under the command of dren, a position that we expected would speak very quickly. We will be in General of the Army Douglas Mac- be held in conference. morning business very soon. Arthur and, later, Gen. Matthew B. Head Start, WIC, Safe and Drug Free Mr. FEINGOLD. Very well. Ridgeway, U.N. forces repelled the in- Schools, Title I, Goals 2000, School to Mr. COCHRAN addressed the Chair. vasion and restored the integrity of the Work, Immigrant Education, Trio, and The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- Republic of Korea along with the free- National Service all received impor- ator from Mississippi. dom and independence of the South Ko- tant infusions of funding that made the Mr. COCHRAN. Mr. President, I yield rean people. During 3 years of active final Senate package—with $405 mil- myself the remainder of the time under hostilities, our Armed Forces, enduring lion in education cuts—stand in stark the order. the rigors of combat in the extremes of contrast to the House package, with Mr. President, the Senators from a hostile climate and the most trying $1.6 billion in education cuts. The Sen- Wisconsin and Arizona complain about of conditions, engaged in some of the ate’s intention on education could have two provisions in this conference re- most significant battles in our Nation’s not been more clear. port dealing with NASA. They are ad- history. Those battles included the In- Two weeks later, 34 Senators, Repub- ministrative provisions, and they are chon landings, the Pusan Perimeter lican and Democrat, reaffirmed that clearly and fully explained in the com- breakout, and the battle of the Chosin position, and sent a letter to Senator mittee report on pages 132 and 133. Reservoir. HATFIELD explaining why the Senate Let me add to the Clear Lake devel- Over 5.7 million American service had made the changes, and asking that opment facility issue by saying that people were involved directly or indi- ‘‘We strongly urge you to support stu- the authority to enter into this trans- rectly in the war. Of those, 54,246 died; dents and education and the Senate action was previously passed by the

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00101 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7382 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 24, 1995 Senate last year on the NASA author- is included here, because it is in the borrowers will receive a reasonable ization bill on October 5. public interest. There ought to be more rate of interest at no cost to the Treas- This purchase saves taxpayers’ funds included here to deal with the victims ury for any loan in this program ap- and makes needed facilities available of that disaster. proved during fiscal year 1995. How- to NASA on a timely basis. It was con- I will not belabor it. I congratulate ever, if interest rates do rise, the pro- sidered carefully by the Senate con- the Senator from Iowa for his com- gram will still continue at the author- ferees and was found to be not only in ments about the facility. They com- ized levels, without an interest rate the public interest but in the interests plain about being in the bill, in the subsidy, as Congress intended. of the Federal Government. That is conference report now. We defended the Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I rise why it was included and approved. position of the Senate. The Senate au- in support of the conference agreement Insofar as the Yellow Creek Facility thorized this to continue to be a Fed- accompanying H.R. 1158, the second in Mississippi is concerned, time does eral Agriculture Research Service fa- supplemental appropriations and re- not permit a long narrative to expand cility. We had to compromise with the scissions bill for fiscal year 1995. on the provisions of this conference re- House. port itself, describing the history of The Senator, complaining that we I commend the distinguished chair- this facility. should not have compromised, I sup- man of the Appropriations Committee Let me just quickly say from my own pose. It does not make logical sense to for his efforts to complete congres- personal recollection, the Federal Gov- me to complain about the actions of sional action on this bill. I regret that ernment came into this northeast cor- the conferees who were bound to defend after significant work, the President ner of Mississippi, condemned property the position of the Senate. The Senate now states that he will veto the final to build a huge nuclear facility for entertained an amendment of the Sen- bill. TVA. Halfway through the construc- ator from Arizona and voted it down. Such action will even further delay tion phase, after everybody had been We are obligated to take up for the the provision of emergency disaster as- stressed and strained in terms of ac- Senate and we did. But we had to com- sistance requested by the President for commodating the Federal Govern- promise with the House and we worked California and 40 other States that ment’s interest or this agency’s inter- it out, and the Senator fully described have experienced natural disasters. est, they canceled the facility, putting the result. a lot of people out of work who had I am proud of the work our conferees Such action will delay the avail- moved to the area who helped build the did. We worked hard and brought back ability of funding to pursue the inves- facility, and finally NASA decided they a conference agreement that I hope the tigation of the tragic Oklahoma City would take the land. Senate will approve when we vote on it bombing. Transfers were authorized by Con- tomorrow morning. Such action will delay the provision gress for NASA to build an advanced Mr. President, the fiscal year 1995 of funding requested by the President solid rocket motor facility on the prop- Agriculture, Rural Development and to fund a new counterterrorism initia- erty. People moved into the area—sci- Related Agencies Appropriations Act tive. entists, technicians and all the rest— provided $297 million in cost-of-money The funding in this bill to respond to schools were built, roads were built, in- lending authority for telephone loans these requests by the President totals frastructure developed, by the State, of the Rural Utilities Service, formerly $6.95 billion. by local governments, taxes were the Rural Electrification Administra- raised, to help pay for this Federal fa- tion, at a subsidy cost of $60,000. There These emergency funds include dis- cility and accommodate the interests is a 7-percent interest rate cap in that aster aid of $3.35 billion to be available of the Federal Government. program, and when rates exceeded that for the remainder of fiscal year 1995, Patriotism was rampant because of amount at the beginning of the fiscal and $3.35 billion as a contingency ap- the new pride in that part of the State year, the cost-of-money program was propriation, which can be obligated by to do something for our Federal Gov- substantially curtailed because of inad- the President beginning in fiscal year ernment and our space program. NASA equate subsidy. Because of the cap, 1996 with specific notification of the abandoned ASRM when the House when long-term Treasury rates exceed Congress. voted it down one night and canceled 7 percent, the interest rates on indi- The bill includes rescissions totaling all the authority for the funds. Then vidual loans require a subsidy. The $15.4 billion in budget authority and they worked out a program to have a $60,000 subsidy was appropriated to sat- $0.4 billion in outlay savings for fiscal nozzle facility built to take the place isfy the loan loss reserve requirement year 1995 to provide deficit reduction as of this other facility. Now it has been of the Treasury Department, not to the Congress seeks to move toward a canceled, just recently. subsidize interest rates. balanced Federal budget. Finally, they say in Mississippi, The conference report accompany ‘‘Look, get the Federal Government H.R. 1158, incorporates a provision in- I urge my colleagues to support the out of here. Let the State government cluded in the Senate-passed bill which bill. It will put a downpayment on the try to do something that is predictable removes the interest rate cap for fiscal significant deficit reduction that will that makes sense.’’ This is after $100 year 1995 in this program. This action be required to balance the budget, and million had been invested by local and will allow the Rural Utilities Service begin to alleviate the burden of debt we State interests, local taxpayers. People to utilize the entire $297 million in loan are leaving to our children and future have lost money building housing in authority provided for this program. It generations. this area, doing things in anticipation is my understanding that the Rural Now is the time for Congress to em- of the result that would come from Utilities Service has already approved bark on a serious journey to get its fis- these Federal Government activities. seven loans during this fiscal year, to- cal house in order. This bill is but a Now, finally, we are just saying in talling $3.2 million. However, none of first step on what will be a long and this provision, this is an emergency the funds on these loans have been difficult, but necessary, journey. supplemental bill, too, not just a re- drawn down by the borrowers. Since in- scission bill. It provides funds for dis- terest rates on these loans are fixed at I urge the adoption of the bill. aster assistance, to disaster victims. I the time of draw down, not at the time Mr. President, I ask unanimous con- challenge anybody to find anyone who of approval, there will be no interest sent that there be printed in the has been victimized any more than the rate subsidy associated with these RECORD at this point two tables show- people of this part of the State of Mis- loans upon enactment of H.R. 1158. ing the relationship of this bill to the sissippi by actions of the Federal Gov- Fortunately, the long-term Treasury section 602 allocations of the Appro- ernment. This provision has been re- rate is now around 7 percent again, priations Committee and to the cur- quested by NASA, it was considered rather than almost 8 percent that ex- rent level which displays congressional carefully by conferees on both sides. It isted early in October. This means that action to date for fiscal year 1995.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00102 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7383 H.R. 1158, EMERGENCY SUPPLEMENTAL AND RESCISSIONS CONFERENCE [FY 1995, in millions of dollars, CBO scoring]

Subcommittee Senate 602(b) Total comp to Subcommittee Current status 1 2 H.R. 1158 total allocation allocation

Agriculture—RD ...... BA ...... 58,117 ¥82 58,035 58,118 ¥83 OT ...... 50,330 ¥30 50,300 50,330 ¥30 Commerce-Justice 3 ...... BA ...... 26,693 ¥291 26,402 26,903 ¥501 OT ...... 25,387 ¥99 25,288 25,429 ¥141 Defense ...... BA ...... 241,008 ...... 241,008 243,630 ¥2,622 OT ...... 249,560 ...... 249,560 250,713 ¥1,153 District of Columbia ...... BA ...... 712 ...... 712 720 ¥8 OT ...... 714 ...... 714 722 ¥8 Energy-Water ...... BA ...... 20,293 ¥234 20,059 20,493 ¥434 OT ...... 20,784 ¥52 20,732 20,749 ¥17 Foreign Operations ...... BA ...... 13,537 117 13,654 13,830 ¥176 OT ...... 13,762 241 14,003 14,005 ¥2 Interior ...... BA ...... 13,577 ¥282 13,295 13,582 ¥287 OT ...... 13,968 ¥79 13,889 13,970 ¥81 Labor-HHS 4 ...... BA ...... 265,870 ¥2,883 262,987 266,170 ¥3,183 OT ...... 265,718 ¥252 265,465 265,731 ¥266 Legislative Branch ...... BA ...... 2,459 ¥16 2,443 2,460 ¥17 OT ...... 2,472 ¥12 2,460 2,472 ¥12 Military Construction ...... BA ...... 8,735 ...... 8,735 8,837 ¥102 OT ...... 8,519 ...... 8,519 8,519 ¥0 Transportation ...... BA ...... 14,193 ¥2,624 11,568 14,275 ¥2,707 OT ...... 37,085 ¥22 37,063 37,072 ¥9 Treasury-Postal 5 ...... BA ...... 23,589 ¥588 23,001 23,757 ¥756 OT ...... 24,221 ¥39 24,182 24,225 ¥43 VA–HUD ...... BA ...... 89,891 ¥8,495 81,396 90,257 ¥8,861 OT ...... 92,438 ¥112 92,326 92,439 ¥113 Reserve ...... BA ...... 2,311 ¥2,311 OT ...... 1 ¥1

Total appropriations 6 ...... BA ...... 778,674 ¥15,378 763,296 785,343 ¥22,047 OT ...... 804,957 ¥457 804,501 806,377 ¥1,876 1 In accordance with the Budget Enforcement Act, these totals do not include $3,905 million in budget authority and $7,442 million in outlays in funding for emergencies that have been designated as such by the President and the Congress, and $841 million in budget authority and $917 million in outlays for emergencies that would be available only upon an official budget request from the President designating the entire amount as an emergency requirement. 2 In accordance with the Budget Enforcement Act, these totals do not include $3,491 million in budget authority and $441 million in outlays in funding for emergencies that have been designated as such by the President and/or the Congress. 3 Of the amounts remaining under the Commerce-Justice Subcommittee’s 602(b) allocation, $22.1 million in budget authority and $1.6 million in outlays is available only for appropriations from the Violent Crime Reduction Trust Fund. 4 Of the amounts remaining under the Labor-HHS Subcommittee’s 602(b) allocation, $45.4 million in budget authority and $8.2 million in outlays is available only for appropriations from the Violent Crime Reduction Trust Fund. 5 Of the amounts remaining under the Treasury-Postal Subcommittee’s 602(b) allocation, $1.3 million in budget authority and $0.1 million in outlays is available only for appropriations from the Violent Crime Reduction Trust Fund. 6 Of the amounts remaining under the Appropriations Committee’s 602(a) allocation, $68.8 million in budget authority and $9.9 million in outlays is available only for appropriations from the Violent Crime Reduction Trust Fund. Note: Details may not add to totals due to rounding.

FY 1995 CURRENT LEVEL—H.R. 1158, EMERGENCY the growth in programs which generate growth in outlays, we will have to SUPPLEMENTAL AND RESCISSIONS BILL it. This stuff may be hard to swallow, make truly draconian cuts in the near [In billions of dollars] but unless we get beyond the political future. posturing, our Nation and our economy The solution is simple: Turn-off the Budget authority Outlays will gag on the unpaid bills of our irre- pipeline of new subsidized units. That sponsibility. Current level (as of May 5, 1995) 2 ...... 1,233.1 1,216.2 is the fundamental focus of the rescis- H.R. 1158, emergency supplemental and rescis- Some have questioned why HUD is sion bill. We have also restored cuts sions, conference agreement 3 ...... ¥15.4 ¥0.4 being cut more than $6.3 billion, nearly Adjustment to conform mandatory items with proposed by the House in CDBG, mod- budget resolution assumptions ...... (1) (1) three-quarters of a total rescission of ernization, and operating subsidies, $8.5 billion for the Subcommittee. The Total current level ...... 1,217.7 1,215.7 and redirected available resources to- Revised on-budget aggregates 4 ...... 1,238.7 1,217.6 answer is simple: The cut is roughly ward another urgent aspect of restor- ¥ ¥ ¥ Amount over (+)/under ( ) budget aggregates ..... 21.0 1.9 proportionate to that Department’s ing budgetary sanity to this out of con- 1 Less than $50 million. available budgetary resources. Al- trol Department: demolish the failed 2 In accordance with the Budget Enforcement Act, the total does not in- though HUD received new appropria- clude $3,905 million in budget authority and $7,442 million in outlays in housing developments, and put the rest funding for emergencies that have been designated as such by the Presi- tions for fiscal year 1995 of $25.7 billion, on a sound footing to survive the com- dent and the Congress, and $841 million in budget authority and $917 mil- about 39 percent of the funding for our lion in outlays for emergencies that would be available only upon an official petition and subsidy reductions coming four major agencies, it also carried budget request from the President designating the entire amount requested down the pike. as an emergency requirement. into this fiscal year $35.2 billion in un- 3 In accordance with the Budget Enforcement Act, these totals do not in- Amid all the debate over the future clude $3,491 million in budget authority and $441 million in outlays in obligated prior year balances. In other funding for emergencies that have been designated as such by the Presi- words, it more than doubled its total of HUD, it’s important to keep in mind dent and the Congress in this bill. that over 4.8 million families receive 4 Reflects revised allocation under section 9(g) of House Concurrent Reso- available budgetary resources with this lution 64 for the Deficit-Neutral reserve fund. massive influx of unspent, unobligated Federal housing assistance, and over Note: Details may not add to totals due to rounding. funding. half of them are elderly or disabled. Mr. BOND. The President recently We must cut HUD, and we must begin It’s also important to note that such announced his intention to veto the re- now if there is to be any hope of sur- housing assistance is expensive, as I scission bill recently agreed to by the viving the very constrained ‘‘freeze- said $26 billion in fiscal year 1995 out- joint House-Senate conference com- minus’’ future for discretionary spend- lays, and current costs are rising. In mittee. In part, he decried the agree- ing reflected in both the House and fact with the long-term contractual ment on the basis of the rescissions Senate reported budget resolutions. commitments previously made by proposed for HUD. This is outrageous. The Congressional Budget Office anal- HUD, the Government is currently ob- This President wants to take a mouth- ysis of the cost of the President’s origi- ligated to pay over $187 billion over the full of popular political rhetoric on nal budget submission for subsidized life of these contracts, some stretching budget constraint and responsibility, housing demonstrated a 50% expendi- out 40 years. but still can’t bring himself to inhale. ture increase over the next five years. Given the long-term nature of these You can’t stop spending until you halt Unless we act now to curb the spiraling obligations and commitments, halting

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00103 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7384 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 24, 1995 has been echoed by the many local offi- Although the total rescission for the budgetary growth of the Depart- cials who have contacted my offices in EPA is slightly greater than the total ment can only be accomplished with a recent weeks. rescission contained in either the focused, determined, multi-year effort. Yet FEMA tells me that they will House or Senate versions, the con- Unless we begin now, with this bill, we only be able to respond for a few more ference agreement is entirely within will lock ourselves into another multi- weeks without additional funding. the scope of the differences between billion dollar chunk of long-term budg- Where will that leave the victims of the Houses for each budget account of et obligations. And this is only a first the latest flooding in the Midwest the agency. No new or extraneous step, one of many in which we will go when the President chooses politics items were rescinded. beyond the limited fixes and cuts that over people? The conference agreement contains a can be accomplished in a rescission Mr. President, I would also note that number of legislative provisions im- bill. We must enact major reform legis- the conference agreement contains $5 pacting EPA programs. Provisions im- lation later this year, but this is a million requested by this the Adminis- pacting EPA’s automobile inspection tration to enable FEMA to initiate good, and very necessary beginning. and maintenance program are intended The program reforms and initial re- flood mitigation activities authorized to ensure EPA is flexible in reviewing ductions contained in the rescission by the National Flood Insurance Re- states’ plans for I/M programs and con- bill are desperately needed to avoid a form Act of 1994. So this bill not only siders assigning additional credits for budgetary train wreck with the De- provides the resources to help flood effective decentralized programs. partment of Housing and Urban Devel- victims recover from these disasters, Two provisions contained in the Sen- opment. but we are also taking steps to help ate-passed version of the bill have been The President has criticized a num- avoid such flood damage in the future. retained: first, a moratorium on new With appropriations contained in this ber of specific actions contained in the Superfund site listings for the balance bill, FEMA will also be able to meet all conference agreement. Frankly, there of this fiscal year, unless requested by needs arising as a result of the ter- are a number of recommendations in the governor or unless reauthorization rorist attack in Oklahoma City. I am the conference report which are trou- legislation is enacted, and second, a pleased that the conference agreement bling to me. But this bill is a com- prohibition on EPA from enforcing ve- includes $7 million for FEMA to train promise with the House-passed meas- hicular trip reduction programs were and plan for any future terrorist inci- ure which contained much larger re- agreed to in conference. dents, and to beef up security in sev- Finally, the White House has indi- scissions, and I believe the agreement eral locations. We commend FEMA for cated that it seeks to restore $14 mil- goes a long way towards minimizing its compassionate, timely and profes- lion for the $88 million rescission for adverse program impacts while in- sional response to the Oklahoma City the yet to be established Community creasing our contributions to deficit attack. FEMA has earned the con- Development Financial Institutions reduction. fidence and respect of the American program. This is despite the fact that For example, the rescission agreed to people, and has come a long way under the conference agreement adopted the for National Service was increased to the leadership of James Lee Witt. funding level contained in the Daschle $210 million from the $105 million Sen- The conferees agreed to rescind $81 democratic leadership compromise ate-passed level. While many of us are million from the Department of Vet- amendment. dubious of the whole premise of paying erans Affairs, including $50 million Mr. President, the conference agree- people to become ‘‘volunteers,’’ regard- from excess personnel costs and $31 ment on this supplemental and rescis- less of their financial resources, and we million from excess project reserves. sion package is a good one. Rescissions have heard of instances where exces- This rescission will not impact VA’s for programs under the jurisdiction of sive payments have been made, the ability to provide patient care in any the VA, HUD, and Independent Agen- conferees decided to maintain this pro- way. The rescission to personnel costs cies Subcommittee total $8.5 billion. gram at the pre-existing funding level does not affect staffing. Simply, VA’s The contribution towards deficit reduc- established for fiscal year 1994. I might budget included $50 million more than tion is $1.6 billion more than the level add that the rescission is half the they now estimate they need to pay originally passed by the Senate, but is House-passed rescission of $416 million. salaries. Despite the erroneous asser- $800 million less than that passed by The President’s statement also says tion in the President’s statement, no the House. It is a compromise, but one we cut funding for housing AIDS vic- funding is being rescinded for medical which fairly balances the differing pri- tims. While a $30 million rescission was equipment needs of VA hospitals and orities of the two Houses and still approved, it is only a small fraction of clinics. maintains funding for critical activi- $186 million included in the House bill. In terms of the construction account, ties. Moreover, the rescission simply pro- funds are rescinded from projects Mr. President, I hope the White vides the identical funding level re- which are costing less than what was House reconsiders its ill-advised initial quested by the President for this fiscal originally appropriated. Rescinding the reaction to this bill. If this bill is ve- year! Since the President didn’t re- funds ensures VA carefully manages its toed, it will mean further delays which quest this appropriation in the first construction budget. may disrupt timely delivery of assist- place, it is at least ironic that he The conferees rescinded a total of $1.5 ance to disaster victims in 41 States, should now protest its rescission. billion from EPA. Of the total, $1.3 bil- including my own, as well as the Fed- The conference agreement includes lion is rescinded from the drinking eral response in Oklahoma City. Per- the full $6.7 billion requested by the water state revolving fund. Because haps equally important, delay also President for the disaster relief fund. this program has not been authorized, means that Federal agencies will obli- This will enable FEMA to respond to EPA has been unable to obligate the gate even more of the funds we have needs in California resulting from the funds. While I support the need for this identified for rescission, making the Northridge earthquake and disasters in program, until it is authorized no funds task of saving money in low priority other states. may be spent. programs even more difficult. Mr. President, I would also note that Within the Superfund program, $100 The stated objections of the White citizens of my own State are enduring million is rescinded. Because EPA fails House to this emergency supplemental yet another flood on the Missouri to obligate on average $100 million in and rescission bill are nothing more River. Thankfully, this flood does not Superfund appropriations each year, than spurious. And the matters that compare to the devastation wrought by this rescission is not expected to have they have demanded be changed can the Midwest Flood of 1993, but a num- a dramatic effect on program activi- only be described as a grab-bag of po- ber of communities still have suffered ties. On the other hand, it is intended litically appealing items, which aren’t significant damage, and thousands of to slow program spending pending en- needed, or couldn’t be effectively uti- families have been dislocated. Mis- actment of major reform legislation lized, or simply increase current spend- souri’s governor already has stated which will likely change the scope and ing when we all know that spending that he anticipates a formal request for nature of clean-up activities previously must be reduced to get our budget back assistance within days, and that need planned. in balance.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00104 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7385 Mr. President, this is a responsible and to prevent EPA from automati- nent of waste and fraud and abuse in bill. It cuts funding and contributes to cally discounting programs that use Government, including but certainly deficit reduction. It provides emer- test-and-repair stations by a factor of not limited, to the military. gency funding which is urgently needed 50 percent. The language has no other He fought against junk telephone to assist victims of disasters. It makes effect on State obligations under the calls as well as junkets. He unearthed long overdue reforms and corrections Clean Air Act. cost overruns in big-ticket weapons in programs which need fixing. And Mr. COCHRAN. Mr. President, I ask projects, punched holes in corporate this bill needs to be enacted without first of all to yield back the balance of propaganda campaigns, and dragged further delay. I urge the White House time under the order of the Senator some highly questionable foreign busi- to set politics aside, and begin working from West Virginia. ness practices out into the spotlight. with us to make this conference agree- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without He also criticized the insular envi- ment law. objection, it is so ordered. ronment that enveloped the Defense INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE PROGRAM Mr. COCHRAN. Does that conclude Department and the defense industry Mr. CHAFEE. Mr. President, I would the authority under the conference re- that fostered the waste of taxpayers’ ask the Senator from Missouri three port, under the order previously en- money. questions about the provisions in this tered? Along the way, Les Aspin became bill on the auto emissions inspection The PRESIDING OFFICER. There recognized as one of the Congress’ lead- and maintenance program required by are still 6 minutes for the Senator from ing experts on military policy. I would the Clean Air Act. The bill would pre- Minnesota, Mr. WELLSTONE. say one of the leading experts of any vent EPA from apply an automatic 50 Mr. FEINGOLD. Mr. President, I time in the history of our Congress. percent discount in emissions credits yield the time back on behalf of the Les Aspin served his country dili- for State programs that included test- Senator from Minnesota. gently in many capacities. As an Army and-repair, as opposed to test-only, sta- f captain, he worked as an analyst in the Pentagon; he served on the staff of tions. It is my understanding that the MORNING BUSINESS bill requires EPA to examine each pro- President John Kennedy’s Council of gram a State has submitted and assign Mr. COCHRAN. Mr. President, I ask Economic Advisors; he represented the appropriate emissions credits. unanimous consent that there now be a Wisconsinites for 22 years in Congress; Based on various features of a State’s period for the transaction of routine he enthusiastically took on the giant program, EPA might assign emissions morning business with Senators per- task of steering the Defense Depart- credits equal to 100 percent of a test- mitted to speak for up to 5 minutes ment into the uncharted waters of the only program. Or EPA might find the each. post-cold war era. appropriate credit is only 75 percent or The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without When Les Aspin suffered his fatal 25 percent, depending on how a State objection, it is so ordered. stroke, he was chairing the President’s program is structured. Is that a correct f Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board, reading of the bill? TRIBUTE TO LES ASPIN working with his friend and colleague, Mr. BOND. The Senator is correct. CIA director John Deutch, on needed EPA is to examine the entirety of each Mr. FEINGOLD. Mr. President, I reforms in our intelligence commu- State inspection and maintenance pro- knew Les Aspin for 25 years. In 1970, I nities. gram and is to assign the appropriate was a junior in high school in Janes- Mr. President, Les Aspin was a man I emissions credits based on the actual ville, WI, when I signed up as a volun- deeply respected and admired. As I program the State submits. No auto- teer on Les’ first campaign for the look back at the fact that my own matic discounting factors should apply First Congressional District seat in entry into politics began in his first and the determination of the appro- Wisconsin. He won that election after a campaign for office in 1970, I feel a pro- priate emissions credits should be tough recount in the primary, defeated found sense of loss at his passing. He based on good science and engineering the incumbent Congressman. was a good friend and a dedicated pub- analysis. I then interned in his Janesville, WI, lic servant. Far too soon we have lost Mr. CHAFEE. The report language Post Office basement office in 1971 and an exceptional human being. accompanying this bill indicates that in 1972 during the summers. During the I thank the Chair. I yield the floor. EPA may give a State up to 2 years to next quarter century, we had a con- tinuing friendship, as he carved out a make a demonstration that justifies f the credits it is seeking. Is EPA re- distinguished career in the United quired to grant a 2-year demonstration States House of Representatives, even- tually rising to become the chairman WAS CONGRESS IRRESPONSIBLE? period to every State that requests it? THE VOTERS HAVE SAID YES Mr. BOND. No. The 2-year period to of the Armed Services Committee demonstrate the effectiveness of a while I prepared for and began my own Mr. HELMS. Mr. President, before State program may be granted by EPA, career. turning to today’s bad news and it is if the Agency believes it to be reason- By temperament and training, Les terrible about the Federal debt, let us able. This allows the Agency to imple- Aspin was a man who listened to ideas go through our pop quiz routine once ment the inspection and maintenance and demanded facts. His mind was more. You remember—one question, requirements in a more flexible way. trained at some of the best educational one answer: But unreasonable proposals that surely institutions in the world: Yale, Oxford, Question: How many million dollars would not merit the emissions credits and MIT. in $1 trillion? While you are arriving at claimed need not be granted a 2-year Sometimes the conclusions he an answer, let us acknowledge that it demonstration period. It is not an reached after thoroughly probing a was the U.S. Congress that ran up the automatic extension for any and all in- problem were not welcomed by all who Federal debt that now exceeds $4.8 tril- spection and maintenance programs heard them, but they were always the lion. that may be submitted by the States. product of a rigorous and honest intel- To be exact, as of the close of busi- Mr. CHAFEE. Finally, I would ask lectual process. Les Aspin enjoyed the ness yesterday, Tuesday, May 23, the whether this provision affects any successes and endured the setbacks Federal debt—down to the penny— other aspect of the plan submissions common to all Members who choose a stood at $4,885,334,984,188.51, meaning and attainment demonstrations that career in public service. that every man, woman, and child in States are to make under the Clean Air His service was marked by unflagging America now owes $18,544.81 computed Act? dedication. I believe he always did on a per capita basis. Mr. BOND. No. The sole purpose of what he thought was right and he al- Mr. President, how many million in a this language is to prevent EPA from ways did his best. trillion? There are a million million in requiring States to adopt enhanced in- One thing was readily apparent. He a trillion, and the Federal debt now ex- spection and maintenance programs came from our strong Wisconsin re- ceeds four million million, 885 billion based on the I/M240, test-only model formist tradition. He was long an oppo- dollars. Get the picture?

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00105 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7386 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 24, 1995 THE SERVICE OF DR. DUANE THE SPRATLY ISLANDS boat carrying Filipino and foreign reporters MEYER Mr. THOMAS. Mr. President, while sailed to Meiji Reef of our country’s Nansha Islands [Spratly Islands] on 13 May to engage Mr. ASHCROFT. Mr. President, the dispute surrounding the Spratly Is- in so-called ‘‘news-gathering’’ activities. today I would like to congratulate a lands in the South China Sea has seem- Prior to that, the Chinese Foreign Ministry Missourian who has dedicated his life ingly disappeared from our domestic and the Chinese Embassy in the Philippines to helping students pursue the knowl- press, I would like my colleagues to had made stern representations on several edge and gifts of higher education. He know that—unfortunately—it has not occasions to the Philippine side, in which is retiring after 40 years of service to been resolved. On the contrary, the fre- they demanded the latter to call off this pro- Southwest Missouri State University, quency and tenor of the hostile rhet- vocative act. The Philippine side, however, located in my hometown of Springfield, oric and minor tiffs between the con- disregarded the Chinese Government’s stern warning and was bent on having its own way. MO. Duane G. Meyer has spent his en- cerned parties have increased since I This was a serious infringement of China’s tire postgraduate teaching career at last spoke about the issue on the floor sovereignty. The Chinese Government has Southwest Missouri State University, on March 30 of this year. This is re- lodged a strong protest with the Philippine serving as a teacher for 18 years and an flected in the Asian media, and I would Government over this matter. administrator for 22 years, including like to share here a small representa- He said: We advise the Philippine side not service from 1971–83 as the sixth presi- tive sampling of those reports from to misinterpret the Chinese side’s restraint. dent of Southwest Missouri State. just the last 2 weeks with my col- The Philippine side had better return to the Dr. Meyer was born on June 29, 1926, correct course of settling the relevant dis- leagues to keep them abreast of the pute through peaceful talks. If the Phil- in Carroll, IA, and earned a bachelor’s most recent developments. I ask unani- degree from the University of Dubuque ippine side continues to act willfully and mous consent. That several editorials recklessly, it should be responsible for all in Dubuque, IA. He went on to earn a be printed in the RECORD. consequences arising therefrom. master’s degree and a Ph.D. from the There being no objection, the mate- University of Iowa. In 1955, Dr. Meyer rial was ordered to be printed in the ‘‘RECKLESS MOVES’’ DISCOURAGED arrived in Springfield to begin his ca- RECORD, as follows: BEIJING, May 16 (XINHUA)—China repeated reer as an assistant professor and later MILITARY TO ‘‘FIRMLY’’ DEFEND TERRITORIAL today its protest against the Philippines for professor of history. In 1961, he was ap- WATERS an organized trip by the Philippine side to Nansha Islands [Spratly Islands] last week, pointed dean of faculties, a post he held HANOI VNA, May 7.—Defending firmly the until 1971. During that time, Dr. Meyer territorial waters and islands in the East Sea asking it ‘‘not to misunderstand China’s re- served as acting president of the uni- [South China Sea] is an important part in straint.’’ versity twice, in 1964 and 1970. Vietnam’s strategic task of safeguarding its On May 13, at the instigation of the Phil- In 1971, Duane Meyer was selected to national independence, sovereignty and ter- ippine military forces, two Philippine war- ships and another ship carrying Philippine be the sixth president of the school. ritorial integrity, said an article in the Quan Doi Nhan Dan (People’s Army) daily on Fri- and foreign reporters went to China’s Meiji During his 12 years as president, Reef in the Nansha Islands for a so-called Southwest Missouri State University day [5 May]. The article, run in anticipation of the 40th ‘‘interview’’, according to a statement of experienced unprecedented growth and foundation day of the Vietnam People’s Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman Shen success. The school was renamed Navy (May 7), praised the Navy’s feats of Guofang issued here today. Southwest Missouri State University arms in the two resistance wars against for- Before that, Shen said, the Chinese For- in 1972 through an enactment of the eign invaders. Over the past 40 years, the Vi- eign Ministry and Chinese Embassy to the Missouri General Assembly. Enroll- etnamese Navy made a big contribution to Philippines had made many solemn represen- tations to the Philippine side, asking that ment increased to all time highs every the struggle for national independence and freedom, particularly in the fight against the country to cancel the provocative action. year of his tenure except one, and However, the Philippine side, regardless of SMSU became the second largest 4- enemy’s air raids and harbour blockade in the north. The Navy was assigned to set up China’s serious warning, still acted willfully, year public institution in the State of a ‘Ho Chi Minh Trail on the sea’ to transport the spokesman said, adding that the action Missouri. Other notable landmarks of military supplies to liberation fighters in seriously encroached on China’s * * *. Dr. Meyer’s tenure include the creation the south and actively engaged in the spring PHILIPPINES’, PRC SHIPS FACE ‘‘STANDOFF’’ and implementation of an academic 1975 general offensive which liberated the en- IN SPRATLYS ‘‘STANDOFF’’ LASTS 70 MINUTES master plan, the creation of a business tire South Vietnam including Truong Sa school, and the building of a new stu- (Spratly) Islands. (‘‘News Focus’’ by Virgilio C. Galvez) dent event center. The SMSU athletic Vietnam has a coastal line of 3,260 km. It OFF MISCHIEF REEF, SPRATLY ISLANDS, May has one million sq. Km of sea under its juris- program began competition in NCAA 16 KYODO—Two Chinese ships faced off with diction including two archipelagoes Hoang two Philippine naval vessels Saturday [13 Division One competition during his Sa, Parag Sa (Spratly) and a great number of May] while journalists were being ferried by presidency. other islands. Endowed with rich oil and helicopters over a Chinese-held reef in the After his retirement as president of other natural resources, Vietnam is expected disputed Spratly islands in the South China the university, Dr. Meyer continued to to tap 7.7 million tonnes of crude oil this Sea. serve Southwest Missouri State as a year and about 20-25 million tonnes by the The 70-minute standoff ended several min- professor of history and president year 2000. utes after the last of seven chopper sorties emeritus. He served the State of Mis- Regarding the East Sea issue, during his landed on the deck of the BRP Benguet, a souri as a member of the Missouri talks in Seoul last month with South Korean landing ship which was carrying the first president, party General Secretary Do Muoi ever group of foreign and Filipino reporters Council on Public Higher Education said Truong Sa and Hoang Sa belong to Viet- to Mischief Reef, 250 kilometers west of Board. My colleague in the Senate, nam, and it wants to resolve the disputes Palawan Island in the western Philippines. then-governor Kit Bond, appointed Dr. through peaceful negotiations on the basis of ‘‘You saw for yourself what they did . . . Meyer to serve on the Missouri Com- equality, mutual respect and in line with the They crossed our bow. We were just doing mission on Higher Education. Dr. 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea. our thing,’’ Maj. Gen. Carlos Tanega, com- Meyer has also written two textbooks He expressed his wish that joint efforts mander of Military Forces in western Phil- that are still used in classrooms today, should be made to build Asia-the Pacific into ippines, told reporters. including ‘‘The Heritage of Missouri: A a region of peace, stability, cooperation and ‘‘We were just launching and recovering prosperity. helicopters . . . and here they are, some- History.’’ For his part, President Le Duc Anh in a re- times blocking our way,’’ Tanega pointed Throughout his 42-year career, Dr. cent message to the inhabitants and soldiers out. Duane G. Meyer served the students on Truong Sa on the occasion of the 20th lib- On Monday, Beijing formally protested and faculty of Southwest Missouri eration day of the archipelago stressed that Manila’s decision to allow foreign journalists State University and the surrounding it is the country’s sacred territory. to visit the disputed island Chain. communities with dedication and Apart from the Philippines and China, pride. As a former teaching colleague TRIP IS ‘‘SERIOUS INFRINGEMENT’’ Vietnam, Taiwan, Malaysia and Brunei also of Dr. Meyer at SMSU, I am grateful to BEIJING, May 16, (XINHUA)—Foreign Min- claim all or portions of the Spratlys, which istry spokesman Shen Guofang issued a are believed to be rich in oil and other min- him for his selfless labors and salute statement here today. eral deposits. his work and the role he played in the Shen Guofang said: Plotted and organized The media group, composed mostly of education of thousands of students by the Philippine military, a formation of members of the Foreign Correspondents As- from Missouri and across America. two Philippine warships and one pleasure- sociation of the Philippines, left Manila on

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00106 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7387 May 11 for Puerto Princesa, nearly 600 km were eyeball to eyeball. We did not blink,’’ over some sort of a military logistical ar- southwest of the capital. said Tanega. rangement of the US in the aftermath of the It returned Tuesday to Manila after ob- pullout of the Americans from Subic and serving special municipal elections held Sun- PRC STANCE ON MEDIA’S SPRATLYS TOUR Clark. Asian capitals and some sectors in day in Pag-Asa, the largest of seven Spratly ANALYZED thilippine are loath to admit it but the key islands held by the Philippines. (Editorial: ‘‘Manila Scores Versus Beijing’’) to controlling China and maintaining Asian After two nights aboard a private cruise Whatever substance to Beijing’s claim that security in the future is to America mili- ship, the journalists reached Jackson Atoll, the Chinese structures on Mischief Reef are tarily engaged in the region. about 50 km northwest of Mischief Reef, mere stations of Chinese fishermen has been where they transferred to the World War II shown spurious by the celebrated stand-off [From the Manila Philippine Daily, May 18, vintage Benguet. that took place last Saturday at the 1995] The first two sorties with 16 journalists on Kalayaan Islands. There, two Chinese war- ‘‘CREATIVE’’ POLICY ON SPRATLYS LEADS TO board Vietnam war-era Uhih choppers with ships suddenly appeared 15 nautical miles SUCCESS ‘‘press’’ markings took off at about 11:15 AM away in apparent support of Chinese vessels when the landing ship was about 30 km off The decision to take on China on the blocking a Philippine Navy ship carrying Mischief Reef. Spratlys is the boldest foreign policy initia- local and foreign journalists. Also on board was Tanega, the first Phil- tive ever taken by the Ramos administra- The inspection trip by our Navy would ippine officer to fly over the area since the tion. It is even more remarkable if we con- have been enough to impress upon inde- Chinese built at least 14 structures on four sider that he took a stand despite the mili- pendent journalists that the structures on platforms around the reef. tary and economic weakness of the Phil- Mischief Reef could not have been mere fish- Manila has strongly condemned the Chi- ippines. That the Philippines forcefully chal- ing stations by ubiquitous Chinese fisher- nese occupation of the reef, which Filipino lenged Chinese creeping expansion in the men: the structures are made of metal with officials stress is well within the country’s Spratlys was a shock to China, as well as a parabolic discs all around, giving credence to 200-km exclusive economic zone. surprise to our ASEAN allies. They never ex- Beijing maintains that the reef is part of Manila’s claim they could eventually become pected the ‘‘sick man of Asia’’ to take on the its territory and claims the structures are naval support facilities. Chinese giant on the question of territorial ‘‘shelters for fishermen.’’ But the Chinese, not exactly known for integrity. The diplomatic gamble paid off. It Tanega pointed out the two Chinese ships subtlety, betrayed their own intentions; they brought to the surface historic fears in Asia raced back to the reef’s lagoon after appar- themselves confirmed Manila’s claim. Within about the Chinese threat, which is more ently seeing the choppers, journalists said. minutes after Philippine Navy helicopters magnified by the modernization of its armed But in the second wave of sorties, journal- started their sorties of Mischief Reef last forces and its rapidly expanding economy. ists saw the ships heading toward the Phil- Saturday, two frigates from the Chinese President Ramos’ gamble touched a raw ippine naval ships which were about 24 km navy raced to the sight in apparent aid of nerve among Asians, and now many of our off the reef. the Chinese ‘‘fishermen’’. neighbors have dropped their reluctance to From the ship’s foredeck, journalists saw The trip has therefore accomplished warn against the Chinese threat. The fear the Chinese vessels, a small fast boat and a Manila’s objective of proving to the inter- and anxieties over the Chinese move on the larger ship, assume blocking positions mid- national community that the Chinese are Spratlys are based on stronger grounds than way between the reef and the Philippine ves- undermining the status quo in the Kalayaan sovereignty or who should exploit maritime sels. and unnecessarily causing tension there. By resources supposed to lie underneath the At that point, about 16 km from the reef, arranging for the coverage by foreign jour- atolls. The larger issue, as pointed out by the Benguet stopped to launch the fourth nalists, Manila has not only scored a public Goh Chok Tong to Chinese Foreign Minister and fifth sorties. relations point against Beijing, it has also Li Peng, involves the freedom of navigation ‘‘We stopped because . . . We knew this is buttressed its territorial claim to the in the South China Sea, over which China the place where we could accomplish the Kalayaan. As Acting Foreign Secretary Do- claims sovereignty based on antiquarian mission in the best, expeditious and safest mingo Siazon put it when he turned down maps. way,’’ said Tanega at a press conference the Beijing’s request that the tour be canceled, It was the Philippines’ actions that proved next day. the foreign journalists who were coming to be the catalyst of the new-found soli- As the Benguet was ‘‘lying to,’’ a naval along for the inspection should be an indica- darity among ASEAN and the Asia-Pacific term to mean that a ship has stopped with- tion of how they perceived the ‘‘sovereignty nations, notably Japan and the United out dropping anchor, its patrol escort, issue’’. States, to forge a common stand in per- Miguel Malvar, maneuvered from starboard By drawing international opinion to the suading China that it is in her interest to to a position to port. issue, Manila has hit back at Beijing in the bring the dispute within the framework of Tanega said this was done to prevent the most capable way it could, making full use multilateral negotiations. The Philippine ac- bigger Chinese ship from coming closer to of the resources of democracy and unmask- tion proves that tough diplomatic decisions the Benguet. ing in the process China’s unneighborly de- can give us a position of strength if we get The smaller Chinese vessel moved to a po- signs in the region. It has billed the trip as international support behind us. This is what sition as close as 50 meters from the Benguet a concession to freedom of the press and we call creative diplomacy. made it just an item in the larger itinerary from where some its crew took photos and Mr. THOMAS. Let me say in closing, filmed the operations of the naval ship. of visiting the Filipino settlements in the ‘‘The reaction was definitely expected be- Kalayaan in order to conduct the elections Mr. President, that I am pleased the cause they did not know what we were there. In one fell swoop, the Philippines has State Department has finally issued a doing,’’ said Tanega. been able to demonstrate its democratic definitive U.S. position on the ‘‘They did not know where the helicopters character contrast to the authoritarian re- Spratlys, with which I heartily agree. I were taking off . . . They could not surmise gime in China as well as the fact that the believe that the Foreign Relations how a land-based helicopter could fly 208 km Kalayaan is hers by virtue of the Filipino Committee will take up Senate Resolu- from the nearest land field,’’ he pointed out. living there. tion 97—a sense-of-the-Senate resolu- Tanega said that while the Chinese vessel, The rub is that the confrontation shows whose Chinese markings identified it as be- China’s aggressiveness in pursuing its weak tion on the islands which I sponsored— longing to Beijing’s Bureau of Fisheries, was claim on Kalayaan. And with the Philippine in the near future and move it to the ‘‘too close for comfort,’’ he was not bothered military by all accounts standing eyeball to floor soon thereafter. by its presence. eyeball with the Chinese display of mi last f As the choppers were secured on the deck Saturday—the Italian-made jets of the Phil- of the Benguet, a Philippine Air Force recon- ippine Air Force screamed overhead during MESSAGES FROM THE PRESIDENT naissance plane radioed Tanega about the the stand-off to warn theinese—, what has Messages from the President of the been drummed to the international commu- approach of ‘‘two savage fishes.’’ United States were communicated to The plane was referring to Chinese frig- nity is the seriousness of the Kalayaan dis- ates, which journalists learned were 24 km pute. In such a t, hostilities in the islands the Senate by Mr. Thomas, one of his away and racing toward them. could break out any time. secretaries. Shortly after, at about 2:45 PM, Tanega or- But the tension could be managed by force- f dered the Benguet and its escort ship to ma- ful diplomacy and imaginative show of force neuver out of the area and proceed to Pag- against Beijing. Manila has been able to EXECUTIVE MESSAGES REFERRED Asa, some 18 hours away. compel Washington to issue a statement As in executive session the Presiding The two Chinese vessels made no attempt which voiced United States’ interest that Officer laid before the Senate messages to stop the ships and stayed behind while the ‘‘freedom of maritime investigation’’ shall frigates, whose outlines could be seen on the be preserved in the South China Sea, a clear from the President of the United horizon, appeared to stop. potshot at Beijing over its mischievous in- States submitting sundry nominations ‘‘What is important here is we did what we cursions. Manila now has to navigate which were referred to the appropriate had to do because this is our territory. We through the contentious domestic dispute committees.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00107 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7388 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 24, 1995 (The nominations received today are million contract for Russian space convergence of civil and military printed at the end of the Senate pro- hardware, services, and data. In Au- polar-orbiting operational environ- ceedings.) gust, the program completed a vehicle mental satellite systems into a single f architecture review and in September, operational program. Other White the Space Station Control Board rati- House announcements during the year REPORT ON AERONAUTICS AND fied the recommendations it included. included a policy for licensing U.S. SPACE FOR FISCAL YEAR 1994— The redesigned Space Station costs $5 firms by the Secretary of Commerce to MESSAGE FROM THE PRESI- billion less than Space Station Free- operate private remote sensing systems DENT—PM 52 dom and still offers increased research and sell their images to domestic and The PRESIDING OFFICER laid be- capability and user flexibility. foreign entities and a national space fore the Senate the following message In aeronautics, activities included transportation policy that will sustain from the President of the United development of technologies to im- and revitalize U.S. space transpor- States, together with an accompanying prove performance, increase safety, re- tation capabilities by providing a co- report; which was referred to the Com- duce engine noise and other environ- herent strategy for supporting and mittee on Commerce, Science, and mental degradation, improve air traffic strengthening U.S. space launch capa- Transportation. management, lower costs, and help bilities to meet the growth needs of the American industry to be more competi- civilian and national security sectors. To the Congress of the United States: tive in the world market. For example, Thus, Fiscal Year 1994 was a highly I am pleased to transmit this report high-speed research continued during successful one for the U.S. aeronautics on the Nation’s achievements in aero- Fiscal Year 1994 to focus on resolving and space programs. Efforts in both nautics and space during Fiscal Year critical environmental issues and lay- areas have contributed significantly to 1994, as required under section 206 of ing the technological foundation for an furthering the Nation’s scientific and the National Aeronautics and Space economical, next generation, High technical knowledge, international co- Act of 1958, as amended (42 U.S.C. 2476). Speed Civil Transport (HSCT). In this operation, a healthier environment, Aeronautics and space activities in- connection, the United States reached and a more competitive economy. volve 15 contributing departments and agreement with Russia to use the Tu- WILLIAM J. CLINTON. agencies of the Federal Government, as 144 supersonic transport as a testbed THE WHITE HOUSE, May 24, 1995. this report reflects, and the results of for HSCT development. In addition, ef- their ongoing research and develop- forts in advanced subsonics focused on f ment affect the Nation as a whole in a reducing aircraft and engine noise lev- MESSAGES FROM THE HOUSE variety of ways. els, on development of wind shear sens- Fiscal Year 1994 featured many im- ing devices, and on creating tech- portant developments and changes in nologies that will improve general ENROLLED BILL SIGNED U.S. aeronautics and space efforts. It aviation aircraft. At 11 a.m., a message from the House included 7 Space Shuttle missions suc- In space science, astronomers using of Representatives, delivered by Mr. cessfully completed, 15 Government HST’s revitalized optics discovered Hays, one of its reading clerks, an- launches of Expendable Launch Vehi- disks of protoplanetary dust orbiting nounced that the Speaker has signed cles (ELVs), and 4 commercial launches stars in the Orion Nebula, suggesting the following enrolled bill: from Government facilities. Among no- that the formation of planets in the table developments in the ELV area Milky Way and elsewhere may be rel- H.R. 1421. An act to provide that references were the launch of the Deep Space in the statutes of the United States to any atively common. Also, HST’s revela- committee or officer of the House of Rep- probe, Clementine, initial use of the tion of helium in distant constellations resentatives the name or jurisdiction of Titan IV Centaur upper stage, and the provides valuable information about which was changed as part of the reorganiza- first launch of the Taurus launch vehi- the conditions in the universe during tion of the House of Representatives at the cle. Highlights of the Shuttle missions its initial evolution. The Spacelab Life beginning of the One Hundred Fourth Con- included the highly successful serv- Sciences-2, U.S. Microgravity Payload- gress shall be treated as referring to the cur- icing mission for the Hubble Space Tel- 2, and International Microgravity Lab- rently applicable committee or officer of the escope (HST), which replaced several oratory-2 greatly increased our under- House of Representatives. faulty parts and installed a sophisti- standing of the role of gravity on bio- The enrolled bill was subsequently cated package of corrective optics to logical, physical, and chemical proc- signed by the President pro tempore compensate for the spherical aberra- esses. In biology, we learned that grav- [Mr. THURMOND]. tion in HST’s primary mirror. Also, the ity affects the function of the neural f flight of the Space Radar Laboratory connections between brain cells; this began to provide information on envi- can have profound implications for re- INTRODUCTION OF BILLS AND ronmental change, and a mission with building damaged brain cells due to JOINT RESOLUTIONS a Russian astronaut, Sergei Krikalev, strokes and disease. In Earth science, The following bills and joint resolu- as a member of the crew signalled the the Space Radar Laboratories-1 and -2, tions were introduced, read the first beginning of a three-phased coopera- plus the Lidar In-Space Technology Ex- and second time by unanimous con- tive program in space between Russia periment payload, used powerful radar sent, and referred as indicated: and the United States. and laser technology to penetrate By Mr. SHELBY (for himself, Mr. HEF- In a year of tremendous accomplish- cloud cover and map critical factors on LIN, Mr. COVERDELL, and Mr. NUNN): ments for the international Space Sta- a global scale. Also, the highly success- S. 848. A bill to grant the consent of Con- tion, National Aeronautics and Space ful launch of the Clementine Deep gress to an amendment of the Historic Chat- Administration (NASA) developed an Space Probe tested 23 advanced tech- tahoochee Compact between the States of initial set of specifications that in- nologies for high-tech, lightweight Alabama and Georgia; to the Committee on cluded Russian elements as part of the the Judiciary. missile defense. The relatively inexpen- By Mr. D’AMATO: design. Russia’s agreeing to join the 12 sive, rapidly-built spececraft con- S. 849. A bill to amend the Age Discrimina- original participating nations as a stituted a major revolution in space- tion in Employment Act of 1967 to protect partner resulted in the expansion of craft management and design; it also elected judges against discrimination based the existing Shuttle/Mir program into contributed significantly to lunar stud- on age; to the Committee on Labor and Phase I of the international Space Sta- ies by photographing 1.8 million images Human Resources. tion program, which officially began of the surface of the Moon. By Mrs. KASSEBAUM (for herself, Mr. with Sergei Krikalev’s flight on the Additionally, on May 5, 1994, the COATS, Mr. JEFFORDS, Mr. KENNEDY, Shuttle. All of the partners held a suc- White House announced that the Na- Mr. DODD, and Mr. INOUYE): S. 850. A bill to amend the Child Care and cessful systems design review in Texas tional Oceanic and Atmospheric Ad- Development Block Grant Act of 1990 to con- in March, and in June, Russia and the ministration (NOAA), the Department solidate Federal child care programs, and for United States signed an interim agree- of Defense, and NASA were estab- other purposes; to the Committee on Labor ment on the Space Station and a $400 lishing a joint program to effect the and Human Resources.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00108 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7389 STATEMENTS ON INTRODUCED this bill is to ensure that there is a discretion in enforcing them. The standards BILLS AND JOINT RESOLUTIONS seamless system of child care where it are: (1) the prevention and control of infec- tious diseases; (2) building and physical By Mrs. KASSEBAUM (for her- counts the most—at the point where the parent, child, and provider meet. premises safety; and (3) minimum health and self, Mr. COATS, Mr. JEFFORDS, safety training appropriate to the provider Mr. KENNEDY, Mr. DODD, and This legislation maintains most of setting. Providers receiving funds from the Mr. INOUYE): the critical provisions of the child care block grant (via contract or parent voucher) S. 850. A bill to amend the Child Care and development block grant—a pro- must meet any existing state and local li- and Development Block Grant Act of gram that has been working success- censing and regulatory requirements. 1990 to consolidate Federal child care fully in the States since its enactment. B. The quality set-aside, which is part of programs, and for other purposes; to The bill emphasizes access to quality the 1990 act, is maintained. However, it is more broadly defined and gives states discre- the Committee on Labor and Human child care, parental choice, and con- sumer education. The bill continues to tion in how they choose to spend the money. Resources. The only required quality activity is that THE CHILD CARE AND DEVELOPMENT BLOCK minimal health and safety standards states must provide consumer education to GRANT AMENDMENTS ACT OF 1995 established in 1990. The 1995 amend- encourage maximum parental choice and im- Mrs. KASSEBAUM. Mr. President, I ments to the act provide States with prove availability of child care through a rise today to introduce the Child Care the flexibility to improve the quality comprehensive referral and resource system. and Development Block Grant Amend- and supply of child care, to design eli- The set-aside is 15 percent of the state allot- ments Act of 1995 on behalf of myself, gibility requirements through a sliding ment. C. States are required to submit a plan, Senator COATS, Senator KENNEDY, Sen- fee scale, and to provide broader access similar to what they currently are providing ator DODD, Senator INOUYE, and Sen- to referral and resource services for under the CCDBG, which designates a lead ator JEFFORDS. This legislation reau- parents and providers. Provisions in agency and outlines procedures that are in thorizes the child care and develop- the legislation ensure that Federal place for assuring parental choice of pro- ment block grant of 1990 and makes funds that States use for child care will viders, parental complaints, consumer edu- several important changes to the law. be funneled through the existing State cation, and compliance with state and local The funding and leadership that the system designed to implement the licensing and health and safety require- Federal Government has provided for child care and development block ments. child care has played a critical role in grant. The legislation also includes D. States shall submit a report to the Sec- assisting low-income working families retary of HHS every 2 years specifying how several important provisions designed they used the money, the number of children to maintain stable employment and to improve the availability of quality who were assisted, activities that were im- helping welfare recipients gain inde- child care for native American fami- plemented to encourage a public-private pendence. As States try to move wel- lies. partnership, and the extent and manner in fare recipients into employment, the The Child Care and Development which they implemented a resource and re- availability of affordable, quality child Block Grant Amendments Act of 1995 ferral network. care will be of even greater impor- consolidates two discretionary pro- E. States are required to establish a sliding tance. If Congress and the States are grams, the State Department Care fee scale that ensures a representative dis- committed to having welfare reform tribution of participation among the work- Planning and Development Grants and ing poor and welfare recipients. succeed, then there needs to be a part- the Child Development Associate Cre- F. States may not expend more than 5 per- nership between Federal and State gov- dential Scholarship Program. The pro- cent on administrative costs. ernments to allocate funding for qual- gram is authorized for $1 billion in 1996, G. If states expend monies for child care ity child care. and such sums as necessary through from other federal funding sources, then this The child care and development the year 2000. This authorization level funding shall be allocated through the block grant was enacted in 1990 with is based on current funding levels for CCDBG. This will reduce federal regulations bipartisan support. Congress recog- all three programs, with a slight in- and requirements by establishing one con- solidated child care program. This will also nized that there was a lack of adequate crease for inflation. child care for many low-income fami- provide beneficiaries with more stability in I invite my colleagues on both sides child care since eligibility requirements will lies. This continues to be a nationwide of the aisle to join with Senator COATS, be streamlined. problem. Senator JEFFORDS, Senator KENNEDY, III. Enforcement Mechanisms: If a state is According to a 1991 report by the Bu- Senator DODD, Senator INOUYE, and me determined (via the HHS appeals and hearing reau of the Census, 31 million children in cosponsoring the Child Care and De- process) to have improperly expended the under the age of 15 had mothers em- velopment Block Grant Amendments block grant funds, the Secretary is given the option of: (1) imposing additional require- ployed outside the home—almost 2 mil- Act of 1995. I hope there is as much bi- lion of these children were infants ments to ensure state compliance or correct partisan support for this reauthoriza- areas of noncompliance with the act; (2) re- under 1 year of age. This trend is con- tion as there was for the original legis- tinuing, with more and more mothers quire states to repay funds improperly ex- lation. pended; (3) deduct from the administrative entering the work force each year. It Mr. President, I ask unanimous con- portion of the state allotment an amount has become increasingly difficult for sent that additional material be print- less than or equal to the improperly ex- low-income working parents to find af- ed in the RECORD. pended funds; (4) or a combination of these fordable child care. Despite the signifi- There being no objection, the mate- options. cant contributions the child care and IV. Indian Tribes: The following provisions rial was ordered to be printed in the have been added for Indian tribes: (1) allow- development block grant and other RECORD, as follows: Federal child care programs have made ing tribes to use funds for facilities construc- THE CHILD CARE AND DEVELOPMENT BLOCK tion if the Secretary of HHS determines that in assisting families with their child GRANT AMENDMENTS ACT OF 1995 this is a barrier to providing child care (this care needs, there are waiting lists for SUMMARY applies only to Indian tribes); (2) allowing child care subsidies in almost every any tribal allotments that are not expended 1. Authorization: The Child Care and De- State. If Congress does not continue to to be redistributed to other tribes, which is velopment Block Grant (CCDBG) is amended similar to what happens with unused state commit Federal funding for child care, to include two discretionary programs, the allotments; and (3) exempting tribes from these waiting lists will continue to State Dependent Care Planning and Develop- state licensing requirements and allowing grow, and efforts to reform the welfare ment Grants and the Child Development As- the Secretary, in consultation with the system will fail. sociate Credential (CDA) Scholarships, into tribes, to develop minimum standards for The legislation which my colleagues a discretionary block grant with no state child care providers that takes into account match required. This is consistent with the and I are introducing provides States tribes’ needs and available resources. The current CCDBG structure. The authorization funding to provide quality child care set-aside for Indian tribes of up to 3 percent, for fiscal year 1996 is $1,000,000,000 and such for low-income families through a uni- which is part of the 1990 law, has been main- sums as necessary through the year 2000. fied child care system. The Child Care tained. II. State Requirements: and Development Block Grant Amend- A. The health and safety standards that PROGRAMS TO BE CONSOLIDATED ments Act of 1995 consolidates Federal were included in the CCDBG when it was en- Child Care and Development Block Grant— discretionary programs that provide acted in 1990, are maintained. These stand- discretionary grant program to help low-in- child care services. The primary goal of ards are broadly defined, and states are given come parents pay for child care, to expand

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00109 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7390 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 24, 1995 early childhood development programs to ity in our expansion efforts. The Kasse- WARNER] was added as a cosponsor of S. improve the availability and quality of care. baum-Coats bill strikes this important 471, a bill to provide for the payment to No state match is required. (Enacted in 1990 balance in authorizing a 15-percent set- States of plot allowances for certain as part of OBRA ’90) FY 94 Actual, $893 million. aside for quality improvement. Fourth, veterans eligible for burial in a na- FY 95 Enacted, $935 million. the bill targets dollars to the working tional cemetery who are buried in State Dependent Care Planning and Devel- poor by requiring States to establish a cemeteries of such States. opment Grants—discretionary grant pro- sliding fee scale for families up to 100 S. 582 gram for child care resource and referral and percent of the State medium income. At the request of Mr. HATFIELD, the for before- and after-school child care serv- And finally, we have included language name of the Senator from Montana ices. Provides a 75 percent federal matching to ensure that Federal resources used rate to states. [Mr. BURNS] was added as a cosponsor FY 94 Actual, $13 million. for child care are consolidated into of S. 582, a bill to amend title 28, FY 95 Enacted, $13 million. one, uniform system. United States Code, to provide that Child Development Associate Credential This last point is significant. In re- certain voluntary disclosures of viola- (CDA) Scholarships—discretionary grant cent years, growing concern has been tions of Federal laws made pursuant to program to states to provide scholarships to expressed about the number of Federal an environmental audit shall not be qualified child care workers to cover the cost child care programs. The General Ac- of the CDA application, assessment, and subject to discovery or admitted into credentialing. This credential is awarded by counting Office reports there are cur- evidence during a Federal judicial or the Council for Early Childhood Professional rently 93 different child care programs administrative proceeding, and for Recognition. No state match is required. administered by 11 Federal agencies other purposes. FY 94 Actual, $1 million. and 20 offices, at a total cost to the S. 585 FY 95 Enacted, $1 million. taxpayer of at least $11.5 billion, and ∑ Mr. COATS. Mr. President, today, I At the request of Mr. SHELBY, the that does not include various tax pro- names of the Senator from Idaho [Mr. am pleased to join Senator KASSEBAUM grams targeted at families with chil- KEMPTHORNE], the Senator from Michi- in introducing the Child Care and De- dren. velopment Block Grant Amendments gan [Mr. ABRAHAM], the Senator from The Kassebaum-Coats bill ensures Tennessee [Mr. FRIST], and the Senator Act of 1995. Since its passage in 1990, that those dollars will be used in a way this program has, and continues to from Texas [Mrs. HUTCHISON] were that meets the goals of our Federal added as cosponsors of S. 585, a bill to enjoy strong bipartisan, community child care policy and not in ways that and grassroots support. With the as- protect the rights of small entities sub- contravene it. ject to investigative or enforcement sistance provided under this act thou- In addressing child care within the sands of families have, for the first action by agencies, and for other pur- context of the welfare reform debate poses. time, been able to work without fear- we must be careful not to force parents S. 758 ing the placement of their children in to choose between work, and quality less than quality child care environ- day care. Many families, especially At the request of Mr. HATCH, the ments. low-income working families, need help name of the Senator from Connecticut Currently, 55 percent of all working with their child care needs. Solutions [Mr. LIEBERMAN] was added as a co- families enroll their children in some and welfare reform must be pursued sponsor of S. 758, a bill to amend the form of child care. The dramatic in- with compassionate realism, recog- Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to pro- crease in labor force participation of nizing our budgetary limitations, but vide for S corporation reform, and for mothers continues to heighten our motivated by a concern for children other purposes. awareness of the need for child serv- and their best interests. The Kasse- S. 770 ices. And with the imminent passage of baum-Coats bill, coupled with the At the request of Mr. DOLE, the name welfare reform, the need will undoubt- block grant and cash assistance pro- of the Senator from Maine [Ms. SNOWE] edly be even greater. gram will significantly help those en- was added as a cosponsor of S. 770, a The goals of a Federal child care pro- tering the work force with their child bill to provide for the relocation of the gram are many. First, to ensure a safe, care needs—and does so in a way that United States Embassy in Israel to Je- healthy and stimulating environment is fiscally responsible. rusalem, and for other purposes. for the children. Second, to afford par- I would again like to thank Senator S. 794 ents the maximum amount of choice in KASSEBAUM for her leadership in this At the request of Mr. LUGAR, the the selection of a provider. Third, to area, and hope that this legislation re- name of the Senator from Wyoming assist with the availability of child ceives swift approval in the Senate.∑ [Mr. THOMAS] was added as a cosponsor care slots. Fourth, to ensure that lim- f of S. 794, a bill to amend the Federal ited Federal dollars are targeted to Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide those most in need. And fifth, to dis- ADDITIONAL COSPONSORS Act to facilitate the minor use of a pes- tribute funds to States in a way that S. 256 ticide, and for other purposes. makes sense, eliminates redtape, and At the request of Mr. DOLE, the S. 814 ensures maximum use of resources. names of the Senator from Pennsyl- At the request of Mr. MCCAIN, the I believe we have met each of these vania [Mr. SANTORUM] and the Senator name of the Senator from Wyoming goals in this legislation. First, we continue the minimum from Minnesota [Mr. GRAMS] were [Mr. THOMAS] was added as a cosponsor health and safety standards negotiated added as cosponsors of S. 256, a bill to of S. 814, a bill to provide for the reor- in 1990. These standards are not pre- amend title 10, United States Code, to ganization of the Bureau of Indian Af- scriptive but they do insist that child establish procedures for determining fairs, and for other purposes. care providers provide a safe and the status of certain missing members S. 816 healthy environment for children in of the Armed Forces and certain civil- At the request of Mr. DEWINE, the their care. Second, parents are able to ians, and for other purposes. name of the Senator from Mississippi select from a wide range of child care S. 388 [Mr. LOTT] was added as a cosponsor of providers through the use of direct At the request of Ms. SNOWE, the S. 816, a bill to provide equal protec- grants, contracts, and parent certifi- name of the Senator from Mississippi tion for victims of crime, to facilitate cates. These include sectarian pro- [Mr. LOTT] was added as a cosponsor of the exchange of information between viders and family day care homes S. 388, a bill to amend title 23, United Federal and State law enforcement and which currently are the largest group States Code, to eliminate the penalties investigation entities, to reform crimi- of providers of child care services. for noncompliance by States with a nal procedure, and for other purposes. Third, the authorization level reflect a program requiring the use of motor- S. 847 continued Federal priority for quality cycle helmets, and for other purposes. At the request of Mr. GREGG, the child care services. Expansion of avail- S. 471 names of the Senator from Nevada [Mr. able child care slots is important, but At the request of Mr. BIDEN, the BRYAN], and the Senator from Pennsyl- is equally important to maintain qual- name of the Senator from Virginia [Mr. vania [Mr. SANTORUM] were added as

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00110 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7391 cosponsors of S. 847, a bill to terminate On page 3, line 16, increase the amount by On page 31, line 21, increase the amount by the agricultural price support and pro- $4,100,000,000. $3,400,000,000. duction adjustment programs for On page 3, line 20, increase the amount by On page 32, line 4, increase the amount by sugar, and for other purposes. $5,100,000,000. $3,600,000,000. On page 3, line 21, increase the amount by On page 32, line 12, increase the amount by SENATE JOINT RESOLUTION 34 $3,400,000,000. $3,800,000,000. At the request of Mr. SMITH, the On page 3, line 22, increase the amount by On page 32, line 20, increase the amount by name of the Senator from Montana $3,600,000,000. $4,000,000,000. [Mr. BURNS] was added as a cosponsor On page 3, line 23, increase the amount by On page 33, line 3, increase the amount by of Senate Joint Resolution 34, a joint $3,800,000,000. $4,000,000,000. On page 3, line 24, increase the amount by resolution prohibiting funds for diplo- On page 33, line 11, increase the amount by $4,000,000,000. $4,100,000,000. matic relations and most favored na- On page 3, line 25, increase the amount by On page 64, line 9, decrease the amount by tion trading status with the Socialist $4,000,000,000. $1,100,000,000. Republic of Vietnam unless the Presi- On page 4, line 1, increase the amount by On page 64, line 10, decrease the amount by dent certifies to Congress that Viet- $4,100,000,000. $7,900,000,000. namese officials are being fully cooper- On page 4, line 18, increase the amount by On page 64, line 11, decrease the amount by ative and forthcoming with efforts to $5,100,000,000. $12,000,000,000. On page 4, line 19, increase the amount by account for the 2,205 Americans still On page 65, line 17, increase the amount by $3,400,000,000. $26,700,000,000. missing and otherwise unaccounted for On page 4, line 20, increase the amount by On page 65, line 18, increase the amount by from the Vietnam War, as determined $3,600,000,000. $4,000,000,000. on the basis of all information avail- On page 4, line 21, increase the amount by On page 65, line 24, increase the amount by able to the United States Government, $3,800,000,000. $2,400,000,000. and for other purposes. On page 4, line 22, increase the amount by On page 65, line 25, increase the amount by $4,000,000,000. SENATE CONCURRENT RESOLUTION 11 $2,000,000,000. On page 4, line 23, increase the amount by On page 66, line 6, increase the amount by At the request of Ms. SNOWE, the $4,000,000,000. $2,000,000,000. names of the Senator from Rhode Is- On page 4, line 24, increase the amount by On page 66, line 7, increase the amount by land [Mr. PELL], the Senator from $4,100,000,000. $2,000,000,000. Delaware [Mr. ROTH], the Senator from On page 5, line 4, increase the amount by On page 66, line 13, increase the amount by Connecticut [Mr. LIEBERMAN], and the $5,100,000,000. $2,000,000,000. On page 5, line 5, increase the amount by Senator from Massachusetts [Mr. KEN- On page 66, line 14, increase the amount by $3,400,000,000. $2,000,000,000. NEDY] were added as cosponsors of Sen- On page 5, line 6, increase the amount by ate Concurrent Resolution 11, a concur- On page 66, line 20, increase the amount by $3,600,000,000. $2,000,000,000. rent resolution supporting a resolution On page 5, line 7, increase the amount by On page 66, line 21, increase the amount by to the longstanding dispute regarding $3,800,000,000. $2,000,000,000. Cyprus. On page 5, line 8, increase the amount by On page 67, line 2, increase the amount by AMENDMENT NO. 1128 $4,000,000,000. $2,000,000,000. On page 5, line 9, increase the amount by On page 67, line 3, increase the amount by At the request of Ms. SNOWE the $4,000,000,000. name of the Senator from Idaho [Mr. $2,000,000,000. On page 5, line 10, increase the amount by On page 67, line 9, increase the amount by KEMPTHORNE] was added as a cosponsor $4,100,000,000. $2,000,000,000. of Amendment No. 1128 proposed to S. On page 5, line 17, increase the amount by On page 67, line 10, increase the amount by Con. Res. 13, an original concurrent $28,300,000,000. $2,000,000,000.’’ resolution setting forth the congres- On page 5, line 18, increase the amount by $3,800,000,000. sional budget for the United States HATFIELD (AND OTHERS) Government for the fiscal years 1996, On page 5, line 19, increase the amount by $3,600,000,000. AMENDMENT NO. 1132 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, and 2002. On page 5, line 20, increase the amount by Mr. HATFIELD (for himself, Mr. JEF- f $3,800,000,000. FORDS, Mr. HARKIN, Mr. SIMON, Mr. On page 5, line 21, increase the amount by AMENDMENTS SUBMITTED KENNEDY, Mr. PELL) proposed an $4,000,000,000. On page 5, line 22, increase the amount by amendment to the concurrent resolu- $4,000,000,000. tion S. Con. Res 13, supra; as follows: THE CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET On page 5, line 23, increase the amount by On page 11, line 7, decrease the amount by CONCURRENT RESOLUTION $4,100,000,000. $430,000,000. On page 6, line 16, increase the amount by On page 11, line 8, decrease the amount by $5,100,000,000. $258,000,000. DODD (AND OTHERS) AMENDMENT On page 6, line 17, increase the amount by On page 11, line 4, decrease the amount by NO. 1131 $3,400,000,000. $920,000,000. On page 6, line 18, increase the amount by On page 11, line 15, decrease the amount by Mr. DODD (for himself, Mr. HARKIN, $3,600,000,000. $552,000,000. Mr. HOLLINGS, Mr. KENNEDY, Mr. JEF- On page 6, line 19, increase the amount by On page 11, line 21, decrease the amount by FORDS, Mr. PELL, Mr. WELLSTONE, and $3,800,000,000. $1,000,000,000. Mr. SIMON) proposed an amendment to On page 6, line 20, increase the amount by On page 11, line 22, decrease the amount by amendment No. 1131 proposed by Ms. $4,000,000,000. $600,000,000. SNOWE to the concurrent resolution (S. On page 6, line 21, increase the amount by On page 12, line 3, decrease the amount by Con. Res. 13) setting forth the congres- $4,000,000,000. $1,000,000,000. sional budget for the United States On page 6, line 22, increase the amount by On page 12, line 4, decrease the amount by Government for the fiscal years 1996, $4,100,000,000. $600,000,000. On page 31, line 12, increase the amount by On page 12, line 10, decrease the amount by 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, and 2002; as $28,300,000,000. $1,000,000,000. follows: On page 31, line 20, increase the amount by On page 12, line 11, decrease the amount by Strike all after line 1 and insert: $3,800,000,000. $600,000,000. ‘‘On page 3, line 10, increase the amount by On page 32, line 3, increase the amount by On page 12, line 17, decrease the amount by $5,100,000,000. $3,600,000,000. $1,000,000,000. On page 3, line 11, increase the amount by On page 32, line 11, increase the amount by On page 12, line 18, decrease the amount by $3,400,000,000. $3,800,000,000. $600,000,000. On page 3, line 12, increase the amount by On page 32, line 19, increase the amount by On page 12, line 24, decrease the amount by $3,600,000,000. $4,000,000,000. $1,000,000,000. On page 3, line 13, increase the amount by On page 33, line 2, increase the amount by On page 12, line 25, decrease the amount by $3,800,000,000. $4,000,000,000. $600,000,000. On page 3, line 14, increase the amount by On page 33, line 10, increase the amount by On page 33, line 19, increase the amount by $4,000,000,000. $4,100,000,000. $1,000,000,000. On page 3, line 15, increase the amount by On page 31, line 13, increase the amount by On page 33, line 20, increase the amount by $4,000,000,000. $5,100,000,000. $430,000,000.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00111 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7392 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 24, 1995 On page 34, line 2, increase the amount by On page 67, line 3, increase the amount by SEC. 306. PROHIBITION OF LEGISLATION THAT $1,000,000,000. $600,000,000. WOULD INCLUDE A TAX CUT UNLESS On page 34, line 3, increase the amount by On page 67, line 6, decrease the amount by 90 PERCENT OF THE BENEFITS GO $920,000,000. $1,000,000,000. TO THE MIDDLE CLASS. On page 34, line 9, increase the amount by On page 67, line 7, decrease the amount by (a) FINDINGS.—The Congress finds that— (1) the incomes of middle-class families $1,000,000,000. $600,000,000. have stagnated since the early 1980’s, with On page 34, line 10, increase the amount by On page 67, line 9, increase the amount by family incomes growing more slowly be- $1,000,000,000. $1,000,000,000. tween 1979 and 1989 than in any other busi- On page 34, line 16, increase the amount by On page 67, line 10, increase the amount by ness cycle since World War II; and $1,000,000,000. $600,000,000. (2) according to the Department of the On page 34, line 17, increase the amount by Treasury, in 1996, approximately 90 percent $1,000,000,000. HATFIELD (AND OTHERS) of American families will have incomes less On page 34, line 23, increase the amount by AMENDMENT NO. 1133 than $100,000. $1,000,000,000. (b) POINT OF ORDER.—It shall not be in Mr. HATFIELD (for himself, Mr. SPEC- On page 34, line 24, increase the amount by order in the Senate to consider any bill, res- TER, Mrs. KASSEBAUM, Mr. JEFFORDS, $1,000,000,000. olution, amendment, motion, or conference On page 35, line 5, increase the amount by Mr. D’AMATO, Mr. KENNEDY, Mr. SIMON, report that contains a reduction in revenues $1,000,000,000. Mr. COHEN, Mr. DODD, Mr. INOUYE, Mr. unless at least 90 percent of the benefits of On page 35, line 6, increase the amount by MACK, Mr. PELL, Mr. BINGAMAN, and that reduction goes to working families with $1,000,000,000. annual incomes less than $100,000. On page 35, line 12, increase the amount by Mr. GLENN) proposed an amendment to the concurrent resolution Senate Con- (c) APPEALS.—Appeals in the Senate from $1,000,000,000. decisions of the Chair relating to this section On page 35, line 13, increase the amount by current Resolution 13, supra; as fol- shall be limited to 1 hour, to be equally di- $1,000,000,000. lows: vided between and controlled by, the appel- On page 54, line 20, increase the amount by On page 33, line 19, increase the amount by lant and the manager of the bill or resolu- $570,000,000. $1,000,000,000. tion, as the case may be. An affirmative vote On page 54, line 21, increase the amount by On page 33, line 20, increase the amount by of three-fifths of the Members of the Senate, $172,000,000. $430,000,000. duly chosen and sworn, shall be required in On page 55, line 2, increase the amount by On page 34, line 2, increase the amount by the Senate to sustain an appeal of the ruling $80,000,000. $1,000,000,000. of the Chair on a point of order raised under On page 55, line 3, increase the amount by On page 34, line 3, increase the amount by this section. $368,000,000. $920,000,000. (d) CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE RE- On page 55, line 10, increase the amount by On page 34, line 9, increase the amount by PORTS.—Whenever the Director of the Con- $400,000,000. $1,000,000,000. gressional Budget Office shall prepare a re- On page 55, line 17, increase the amount by On page 34, line 10, increase the amount by port pursuant to section 308 of the Congres- $400,000,000. $1,000,000,000. sional Budget Act of 1974 in connection with On page 55, line 24, increase the amount by On page 34, line 16, increase the amount by a bill, resolution, or conference report that $400,000,000. $1,000,000,000. contains a reduction in revenues, the Direc- On page 56, line 6, increase the amount by On page 34, line 17, increase the amount by tor shall so state in that report, and, to the $400,000,000. $1,000,000,000. extent practicable, shall include an estimate On page 56, line 13, increase the amount by On page 34, line 23, increase the amount by of the amount of the reduction in revenues $400,000,000. $1,000,000,000. and the percent of the benefits of that reduc- On page 65, line 14, decrease the amount by On page 34, line 24, increase the amount by tion in revenue that will go to working fami- $430,000,000. $1,000,000,000. On page 65, line 15, decrease the amount by On page 35, line 5, increase the amount by lies with annual incomes less than $100,000. (e) ESTIMATES.—Solely for the purposes of $258,000,000. $1,000,000,000. enforcement of this section on the Senate On page 65, line 17, increase the amount by On page 35, line 6, increase the amount by floor, the percentage of benefits of a reduc- $430,000,000. $1,000,000,000. tion in revenues going to working families On page 65, line 18, increase the amount by On page 35, line 12, increase the amount by with annual incomes less than $100,000 shall $258,000,000. $1,000,000,000. be determined on the basis of estimates On page 65, line 21, decrease the amount by On page 35, line 13, increase the amount by made by the Congressional Budget Office. $920,000,000. $1,000,000,000. (f) SUNSET.—This section shall expire at On page 65, line 22, decrease the amount by On page 54, line 20, increase the amount by the close of the 104th Congress. $552,000,000. $1,000,000,000. On page 65, line 24, increase the amount by On page 54, line 21, increase the amount by $920,000,000. $430,000,000. KERRY (AND OTHERS) On page 65, line 25, increase the amount by On page 55, line 2, increase the amount by AMENDMENT NO. 1135 $552,000,000. $1,000,000,000. On page 55, line 3, increase the amount by (Ordered to lie on the table.) On page 66, line 3, decrease the amount by Mr. KERRY (for himself, Mr. SIMON, $1,000,000,000. $920,000,000. and Mr. FEINGOLD) submitted an On page 66, line 4, decrease the amount by On page 55, line 9, increase the amount by $600,000,000. $1,000,000,000. amendment intended to be proposed by On page 55, line 10, increase the amount by On page 66, line 6, increase the amount by them to the concurrent resolution Sen- $1,000,000,000. $1,000,000,000. ate Concurrent Resolution 13, supra; as On page 55, line 16, increase the amount by On page 66, line 7, increase the amount by follows: $1,000,000,000. $600,000,000. On page 55, line 17, increase the amount by On page 64, strike lines 17 through 19 and On page 66, line 10, decrease the amount by $1,000,000,000. insert the following; ‘‘$2,000,000 in fiscal year $1,000,000,000. On page 55, line 23, increase the amount by 1996, $37,000,000 for the period of fiscal years On page 66, line 11, decrease the amount by $1,000,000,000. 1996 through 2000, and $72,000,000 for the pe- $600,000,000. On page 55, line 24, increase the amount by riod of fiscal years 1996’’ On page 66, line 13, increase the amount by $1,000,000,000. On page 66, line 6, decrease the amount by $1,000,000,000. On page 56, line 5, increase the amount by $70,000,000. On page 66, line 14, increase the amount by $1,000,000,000. On page 66, line 13, decrease the amount by $600,000,000. On page 56, line 6, increase the amount by $70,000,000. On page 66, line 14, decrease the amount by On page 66, line 17, decrease the amount by $1,000,000,000. $1,000,000,000. On page 56, line 12, increase the amount by $28,000,000. On page 66, line 20, decrease the amount by On page 66, line 18, decrease the amount by $1,000,000,000. $70,000,000. $600,000,000. On page 56, line 13, increase the amount by On page 66, line 21, decrease the amount by On page 66, line 20, increase the amount by $1,000,000,000. $1,000,000,000. $215,000,000. On page 66, line 21, increase the amount by BOXER AMENDMENT NO. 1134 On page 67, line 2, decrease the amount by $600,000,000. $70,000,000. Mrs. BOXER proposed an amendment On page 67, line 3, decrease the amount by On page 66, line 24, decrease the amount by to the concurrent resolution Senate $1,000,000,000. $4,000,000. On page 66, line 25, decrease the amount by Concurrent Resolution 13, supra; as fol- On page 67, line 9, decrease the amount by $600,000,000. lows: $70,000,000. On page 67, line 2, increase the amount by On page 89, strike lines 1 through 17 and in- Mr. KERRY. Mr. President, the Kerry $1,000,000,000. sert the following: amendment reduces the reconciliation

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00112 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7393 instructions to the Rules Committee On page 3, line 13, increase the amount by On page 32, line 4, increase the amount by by the amount attributable to repeal of $804,782,000. $804,782,000. the existing system of public financing On page 3, line 14, increase the amount by On page 32, line 11, increase the amount by $804,782,000. $804,782,000. and spending limits for Presidential On page 3, line 15, increase the amount by On page 32, line 12, increase the amount by campaigns, which the Rules Committee $804,782,000. $804,782,000. would be able to meet only by repeal- On page 3, line 16, increase the amount by On page 32, line 19, increase the amount by ing that system. In order to offset the $804,782,000. $804,782,000. budget effect of reducing the instruc- On page 3, line 20, increase the amount by On page 32, line 20, increase the amount by tions to the Rules Committee to save $86,815,700. $804,782,000. the amount of funding attributable to On page 3, line 21, increase the amount by On page 33, line 2, increase the amount by $804,782,000. the Presidential public financing sys- $782,539,790. On page 3, line 22, increase the amount by On page 33, line 3, increase the amount by tem, the amendment will leave a re- $804,782,000. $804,782,000. quirement for the same amount of sav- On page 3, line 23, increase the amount by On page 33, line 10, increase the amount by ings in Function 800—general govern- $804,782,000. $804,782,000. ment—without specifying how the sav- On page 3, line 24, increase the amount by On page 33, line 11, increase the amount by ings are to be achieved, but will lower $804,782,000. $804,782,000. the nondefense discretionary caps be- On page 3, line 25, increase the amount by On page 65, line 17, increase the amount by $804,782,000. ginning in 1999 by the equivalent $804,782,000. On page 4, line 1, increase the amount by On page 65, line 18, increase the amount by amount. This will have the effect of $804,782,000. $86,815,000. giving the responsibility to the Appro- On page 4, line 18, increase the amount by On page 65, line 24, increase the amount by priations Committee beginning in that $86,815,700. $804,782,000. year to allocate the aggregate amount On page 4, line 19, increase the amount by On page 65, line 25, increase the amount by of approximately $250 million over the $782,539,790. $782,539,790. On page 4, line 20, increase the amount by On page 66, line 6, increase the amount by period covered by the budget resolution $804,782,000. to administrative and overhead savings $804,782,000. On page 4, line 21, increase the amount by On page 66, line 7, increase the amount by in various Federal agencies, leaving $804,782,000. $804,782,000. the judgment to the Appropriations On page 4, line 22, increase the amount by On page 66, line 13, increase the amount by Committee as to which agencies, for $804,782,000. $804,782,000. what Function 800 purposes, and in On page 4, line 23, increase the amount by On page 66, line 14, increase the amount by what amounts to allocate the spending $804,782,000. $804,782,000. On page 66, line 20, increase the amount by reductions. On page 4, line 24, increase the amount by $804,782,000. $804,782,000. This leaves the deficit reduction ef- On page 66, line 21, increase the amount by fects of the budget resolution un- On page 5, line 4, increase the amount by $86,815,700. $804,782,000. changed. It means that this amend- On page 5, line 5, increase the amount by On page 67, line 2, increase the amount by ment is not subject to a point of order. $782,539,790. $804,782,000. On page 5, line 6, increase the amount by On page 67, line 3, increase the amount by WELLSTONE (AND FEINGOLD) $804,782,000. $804,782,000. On page 67, line 9, increase the amount by AMENDMENT NO. 1136 On page 5, line 7, increase the amount by $804,782,000. $804,782,000. (Ordered to lie on the table.) On page 5, line 8, increase the amount by On page 67, line 10, increase the amount by Mr. WELLSTONE (for himself and $804,782,000. $804,782,000. Mr. FEINGOLD) submitted an amend- On page 5, line 9, increase the amount by ment intended to be proposed by them $804,782,000. AMENDMENT NO. 1138 to the concurrent resolution Senate On page 5, line 10, increase the amount by On page 5, line 17, decrease the amount by $804,782,000. $10,000,000,000. Concurrent Resolution 13, supra; as fol- On page 6, line 16, decrease the amount by lows: On page 5, line 17, increase the amount by $804,782,000. $5,000,000,000. On page 63, line 7, strike the period and in- On page 5, line 18, increase the amount by On page 7, line 15, decrease the amount by sert the following: ‘‘. The Senate Committee $804,782,000. $5,000,000,000. on Finance shall report changes in laws On page 5, line 19, increase the amount by On page 11, line 7, decrease the amount by within its jurisdiction to increase revenues $804,782,000. $10,000,000,000. $10,000,000,000 in fiscal year 1996, On page 5, line 20, increase the amount by On page 11, line 8, decrease the amount by $50,000,000,000 for the period of fiscal years $804,782,000. $5,000,000,000. 1996 through 2000, and $70,000,000,000 for the On page 5, line 21, increase the amount by On page 65, line 14, decrease the amount by period of fiscal years 1996 through 2002.’’. $804,782,000. $10,000,000,000. At the end of title III, insert the following: On page 5, line 22, increase the amount by On page 65, line 15, decrease the amount by $5,000,000,000. SEC. . SENSE OF THE SENATE REGARDING TAX $804,782,000. EXPENDITURES. On page 5, line 23, increase the amount by At the end of title II, insert the following: It is the sense of the Senate that the Com- $804,782,000. SEC. . SENSE OF THE SENATE REGARDING DE- mittee on Finance, in meeting its reconcili- On page 6, line 16, increase the amount by FENSE SPENDING. ation instructions for revenue, will limit or $86,815,700. It is the sense of the Senate that in reduc- eliminate excessive and unnecessary tax ex- On page 6, line 17, increase the amount by ing defense spending by the amount provided penditures, including those tax expenditures $782,539,790. for in this amendment, Congress shall focus which provide special tax treatment to a sin- On page 6, line 18, increase the amount by on low-priority programs, and to the max- gle taxpayer or to a group of taxpayers. $804,782,000. imum extent possible should preserve fund- On page 6, line 19, increase the amount by ing for any programs and activities that di- $804,782,000. rectly affect force readiness or the quality of WELLSTONE AMENDMENTS NOS. life for service members and their families. 1137–1141 On page 6, line 20, increase the amount by $804,782,000. (Ordered to lie on the table.) On page 6, line 21, increase the amount by AMENDMENT NO. 1139 Mr. WELLSTONE submitted five $804,782,000. On page 64, line 24, decrease the amount by amendments intended to be proposed On page 6, line 22, increase the amount by $74,000,000. by him to the concurrent resolution $804,782,000. On page 63, line 7, strike the period and in- Senate Concurrent Resolution 13, On page 31, line 12, increase the amount by sert the following: ‘‘. The Senate Committee $804,782,000. on Finance shall report changes in laws supra; as follows: On page 31, line 13, increase the amount by within its jurisdiction to increase revenues AMENDMENT NO. 1137 $86,815,700. by $74,000,000 in fiscal year 1996.’’ On page 3, line 10, increase the amount by On page 31, line 20, increase the amount by At the end of title III, insert the following: $86,815,700. $804,782,000. Sec. . SENSE OF THE SENATE REGARDING TAX On page 3, line 11, increase the amount by On page 31, line 21, increase the amount by EXPENDITURES. $782,539,790. $782,539,790. It is the sense of the Senate that the Com- On page 3, line 12, increase the amount by On page 32, line 3, increase the amount by mittee on Finance, in meeting its reconcili- $804,782,000. $804,782,000. ation instructions for revenue, will limit or

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00113 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7394 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 24, 1995 eliminate excessive and unnecessary tax ex- Mr. BAUCUS submitted an amend- 601(a)(1) and 606 of the Congressional Budget penditures, including those tax expenditures ment intended to be proposed by him Act of 1974 and for purposes of’’. which provide special tax treatment to a sin- to the concurrent resolution, Senate On page 6, line 8, strike ‘‘$1,324,400,000,000’’ gle taxpayer or to a group of taxpayers. and insert ‘‘$1,342,400,000,000’’. Concurrent Resolution 13, supra; as fol- On page 6, line 10 strike ‘‘comparison with AMENDMENT NO. 1140 lows: the maximum deficit amount under section On page 74, strike lines 12 through 24 and On page 94, add after line 21 the following 601(a)(1) and 606 of the Congressional Budget insert in lieu thereof the following: ‘‘budget, new section: Act of 1974 and for purposes of’’. On page 7, line 10 strike ‘‘comparison with the revenue and spending aggregates may be SEC. . SENSE OF THE SENATE REGARDING the maximum deficit amount under section revised and other appropriate budgetary al- FUNDING FOR NATIONAL RAILROAD 601(a)(1) and 606 of the Congressional Budget locations, aggregates and levels may be re- PASSENGER CORPORATION. Act of 1974 and for purposes of’’. vised to reflect the additional deficit reduc- It is the sense of the Senate that Congress should redirect revenues resulting from the On page 10, line 3, strike ‘‘$347,700,000,000’’ tion achieved as calculated under subsection and insert ‘‘$374,700,000,000’’. 1⁄2 cent of the excise tax rate directed by the (c) for legislation that reduces revenues, and On page 11, line 2, strike ‘‘2000’’ and insert for legislation that will provide amendments made by the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1993 for fiscal years ‘‘2002’’. $15,000,000,000 to lessen the severity of the On page 40, line 3, strike ‘‘$1,000,000,000’’ 1996 through 1999 to the account under sub- cuts to nutrition and commodities programs and insert ‘‘$100,000,000’’. under the jurisdiction of the Committee on section (e) of section 9503 of the Internal On page 40, line 10, strike ‘‘$1,000,000,000’’ Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry. Revenue Code of 1986 to a new account under and insert ‘‘$100,000,000’’. ‘‘(b) REVISED ALLOCATIONS AND AGGRE- such section for grants to the National Rail- On page 40, line 17, strike ‘‘$1,000,000,000’’ GATES.—Upon the reporting of legislation road Passenger Corporation for operating ex- and insert ‘‘$100,000,000’’. pursuant to subsection (a), and again upon penses and capital improvements incurred by On page 40, line 24, strike ‘‘$1,000,000,000’’ the submission of a conference report on the Corporation. and insert ‘‘$100,000,000’’. such legislation (if a conference report is On page 41, line 6, strike ‘‘$1,000,000,000’’ submitted), the Chair of the Committee on BACUS (AND OTHERS) and insert ‘‘$100,000,000’’. the Budget of the Senate may submit to the AMENDMENT NO. 1144 On page 41, line 13, strike ‘‘$1,000,000,000’’ Senate appropriately revised allocations and insert ‘‘$100,000,000’’. (Ordered to lie on the table.) On page 41, line 20, strike ‘‘$1,000,000,000’’ under sections 302(a) and 602(a) of the Con- Mr. BAUCUS (for himself, Mr. gressional Budget Act of 1974, discretionary and insert ‘‘$100,000,000’’. On page 64, line 14, strike ‘‘Foreign Rela- spending limits under section 201(a) of this INOUYE, Mr. BRYAN, Mr. SIMON, Mr. tions’’ and insert ‘‘Rules and Administra- resolution, and budgetary aggregates and ROCKEFELLER, and Mr. BUMPERS) sub- tion’’. levels under this resolution, revised by an mitted an amendment intended to be amount that does not exceed the additional proposed by them to the concurrent BINGAMAN AMENDMENT NO. 1146 deficit reduction calculated under subsection resolution Senate Concurrent Resolu- (d).’’ tion 13, spra; as follows: Mr. DOMENICI (for Mr. BINGAMAN) proposed an amendment to the concur- At the end of title III, add the following: AMENDMENT NO. 1141 rent resolution Senate Concurrent Res- At the end of title III, insert the following: SEC. . SENSE OF THE SENATE REGARDING THE ESSENTIAL AIR SERVICE PROGRAM olution 13, supra; as follows: ‘‘It is the sense of the Senate that the low- OF THE DEPARTMENT OF TRANS- On page 86, strike line 11 through line 25 on priority discretionary funds to be reduced in PORTATION. page 87 and insert the following: order to offset funds restored for programs (a) FINDINGS.—The Senate finds that— SEC. 305. SENSE OF THE CONGRESS ON A UNI- and activities of the National Institutes of (1) the essential air service program of the FORM ACCOUNTING SYSTEM IN THE Health should come from eliminating low- Department of Transportation under sub- FEDERAL GOVERNMENT AND NON- priority federal programs like the Space Sta- chapter II of chapter 417 of title 49, United PARTISAN COMMISSION ON AC- COUNTING AND BUDGETING. tion, and not from high-priority programs States Code— (A) FINDINGS.—The Congress finds the fol- for education, food and nutrition for low-in- (A) provides essential airline access to iso- lowing: come children, anti-crime efforts, veterans lated rural communities across the United programs, job training, health care, infra- (1) Much effort has been devoted to States; strengthening Federal internal accounting structure and other such investment pro- (B) is necessary for the economic growth grams.’’ controls in the past. Although progress has and development of rural communities; been made in recent years, there still exists (C) connects small rural communities to no uniform Federal accounting system for LEVIN (AND SIMON) AMENDMENT the national air transportation system of the Federal Government entities and institu- NO. 1142 United States; tions. (D) is a critical component of the national (2) As a result, Federal financial manage- (Ordered to lie on the table.) transportation system of the United States; Mr. LEVIN (for himself and Mr. ment continues to be seriously deficient, and and Federal financial management and fiscal SIMON) submitted an amendment in- (E) provides air service to 108 communities practices have failed to identify costs, failed tended to be proposed by them to the in 30 States; and to reflect the total liabilities of congres- concurrent resolution Senate Concur- (2) the National Commission to Ensure a sional actions, and failed to accurately re- rent Resolution 13, supra; as follows: Strong Competitive Airline Industry estab- port the financial condition of the Federal At the appropriate place, insert the fol- lished under section 204 of the Airport and Government. lowing new section: Airway Safety, Capacity, Noise Improve- (3) Current Federal accounting practices do ment, and Intermodal Transportation Act of SEC. . DEFENSE OVERHEAD. not adequately report financial problems of 1992 recommended maintaining the essential (a) FINDINGS.—The Senate finds that— the Federal Government or the full cost of (1) the major discretionary assumptions in air service program with a sufficient level of programs and activities. The continued use this concurrent budget resolution include 15 funding to continue to provide air service to of these practices undermines the Govern- percent reduction in overhead for programs small communities. ment’s ability to provide credible and reli- (b) SENSE OF THE SENATE.—It is the sense of nondefense agencies that remain funded in able financial data, contributes to waste and of the Senate that the essential air service the budget and whose funding is not inter- inefficiency, and will not assist in achieving program of the Department of Transpor- connected with receipts dedicated to a pro- a balanced budget. tation under subchapter II of chapter 417 of gram; (4) Waste and inefficiency in Federal Gov- (2) the Committee Report (104–82) on this title 49, United States Code, should receive a ernment undermine the confidence of the concurrent budget resolution states that sufficient level of funding to continue to pro- American people in the Government and re- ‘‘this assumption would not reduce funding vide air service to small rural communities duces the Federal Government’s ability to for the programmatic activities of agencies.’’ that qualify for assistance under the pro- address adequately vital public needs. (b) SENSE OF THE SENATE.—It is the sense gram. (5) To rebuild the accountability and credi- of the Senate that the Committees on Armed bility of the Federal Government and restore Services and Appropriations should make a DOMENICI AMENDMENT NO. 1145 public confidence in the Federal Govern- reduction of at least three percent in over- Mr. DOMENICI proposed an amend- ment, a uniform Federal accounting system, head for Fiscal Year 1996 programs of defense ment to the concurrent resolution Sen- that fully meets the accounting standards agencies, and should do so in a manner so as and reporting objectives for the Federal Gov- ate Concurrent Resolution 13, supra; as ernment, must be immediately established not to reduce funding for the programmatic follows: activities of these agencies. so that all assets and liabilities, revenues On page 4, line 19, strike ‘‘$937,800,000,000’’ and expenditures or expenses, and the full and insert ‘‘$973,800,000,000’’. cost of programs and activities of the Fed- BAUCUS AMENDMENT NO. 1143 On page 5, line 12 strike ‘‘comparison with eral Government can be consistently and ac- (Ordered to lie on the table.) the maximum deficit amount under section curately recorded, monitored, and uniformly

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00114 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7395 reported throughout all government entities the veterans’ service organizations in the On page 3, line 22, increase the amount by for budgeting and control and management Independent Budget. $197,000,000. evaluation purposes. (b) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the Sense of On page 3, line 23, increase the amount by (b) SENSE OF THE SENATE.—It is the sense Congress: the reforms and proposals con- $257,000,000. of the Congress that the assumptions under- tained within the Independent Budget for On page 3, line 24, increase the amount by lying the functional totals in this resolution Veterans Affairs, Fiscal Year 1996 should be $322,000,000. include the following assumptions: given careful consideration in an effort to On page 3, line 25, increase the amount by (1) UNIFORM FEDERAL ACCOUNTING SYS- ensure the nation’s commitment to its vet- $392,000,000. TEM.—(A) A uniform Federal accounting sys- erans. On page 4, line 1, increase the amount by tem should be established to consistently $412,000,000. compile financial data across the Federal McCONNELL (AND OTHERS) On page 4, line 18, increase the amount by Government, and to make full disclosure of AMENDMENT NO. 1148 $47,000,000. Federal financial data, including the full On page 4, line 19, increase the amount by cost of Federal programs and activities, to Mr. MCCONNELL (for himself, Mr. $144,000,000. the citizens, the Congress, the President, and WARNER, Mr. ROCKEFELLER, Mr. HEF- On page 4, line 20, increase the amount by agency management. LIN, and Mr. COCHRAN) proposed an $197,000,000. (B) Beginning with fiscal year 1997, the amendment to the concurrent resolu- On page 4, line 21, increase the amount by President should require the heads of agen- tion, Senate Concurrent Resolution 13, $257,000,000. cies to— On page 4, line 22, increase the amount by (i) implement and maintain a uniform Fed- supra; as follows: $322,000,000. eral accounting system; and On page 29, line 10, increase the amount by On page 4, line 23, increase the amount by (ii) provide financial statements; $100,000,000. $392,000,000. in accordance with generally accepted ac- On page 29, line 18, increase the amount by On page 4, line 24, increase the amount by counting principles applied on a consistent $200,000,000. $412,000,000. On page 30, line 2, increase the amount by basis and established in accordance with pro- On page 5, line 4, increase the amount by $200,000,000. posed Federal accounting standards and in- $47,000,000. On page 30, line 3, increase the amount by terpretations recommended by the Federal On page 5, line 5, increase the amount by $100,000,000. $144,000,000. Accounting Standards Advisory Board and On page 30, line 10, increase the amount by other applicable law. On page 5, line 6, increase the amount by $200,000,000. $197,000,000. (2) NONPARTISAN ADVISORY COMMISSION ON On page 30, line 11, increase the amount by ACCOUNTING AND BUDGETING.—(A) A tem- On page 5, line 7, increase the amount by $100,000,000. $257,000,000. porary advisory commission should be estab- On page 30, line 18, increase the amount by lished to make objective and nonpartisan On page 5, line 8, increase the amount by $100,000,000. $322,000,000. recommendations for the appropriate treat- On page 30, line 19, increase the amount by ment of capital expenditures under a uni- On page 5, line 9, increase the amount by $100,000,000. $392,000,000. form Federal accounting system that is con- On page 31, line 2, increase the amount by sistent with generally accepted accounting On page 5, line 10, increase the amount by $100,000,000. $412,000,000. principles. On page 31, line 3, increase the amount by (B) The Commission should be appointed On page 5, line 17, increase the amount by $100,000,000. $47,000,000. on a nonpartisan basis, and should be com- On page 20, line 7, decrease the amount by posed of public and private experts in the On page 5, line 18, increase the amount by $100,000,000. $144,000,000. fields of finance, economics, accounting, and On page 20, line 15, decrease the amount by other related professions. On page 5, line 19, increase the amount by $200,000,000. $197,000,000. (C) The Commission should report to the On page 20, line 23, decrease the amount by On page 5, line 20, increase the amount by President and the Congress by August 1, 1995, $200,000,000. $257,000,000. on its recommendations, and should include On page 20, line 24, decrease the amount by On page 5, line 21, increase the amount by in its report a detailed plan for imple- $100,000,000. $322,000,000. menting such recommendations. On page 21, line 7, decrease the amount by On page 5, line 22, increase the amount by $200,000,000. $392,000,000. On page 21, line 8, decrease the amount by DOLE (AND SIMPSON) AMENDMENT On page 5, line 23, increase the amount by $100,000,000. NO. 1147 $412,000,000. On page 21, line 15, decrease the amount by On page 6, line 16, increase the amount by Mr. DOMENICI (for Mr. DOLE for $100,000,000. $47,000,000. himself and Mr. SIMPSON) proposed an On page 21, line 16, decrease the amount by On page 6, line 17, increase the amount by amendment to the concurrent resolu- $100,000,000. On page 21, line 23, decrease the amount by $144,000,000. tion Senate Concurrent Resolution 13, On page 6, line 18, increase the amount by supra; as follows: $100,000,000. On page 21, line 24, decrease the amount by $197,000,000. At the appropriate place insert the fol- $100,000,000. On page 6, line 19, increase the amount by lowing new section: $257,000,000. SEC. . CONSIDERATION OF THE INDEPENDENT On page 6, line 20, increase the amount by BUDGET FOR VETERANS AFFAIRS, SARBANES (AND OTHERS) $322,000,000. FISCAL YEAR 1996. AMENDMENT NO. 1149 On page 6, line 21, increase the amount by (a) FINDINGS.—Congress finds as follows: Mr. SARBANES (for himself, Ms. MI- $392,000,000. (1) Whereas over 26,000,000 veterans are eli- On page 6, line 22, increase the amount by KULSKI, Mr. WARNER, Mr. ROBB, and Mr. gible for veterans health care; $412,000,000. (2) Whereas the Veterans Heath Adminis- BINGAMAN) proposed an amendment to On page 39, line 24, increase the amount by tration of the Department of Veterans Af- the concurrent resolution, Senate Con- $47,000,000. fairs operates the largest Federal medical current Resolution 13, supra; as fol- On page 39, line 25, increase the amount by care delivery system in the United States, lows: $47,000,000. providing for the medical care needs of our On page 3, line 10, increase the amount by On page 40, line 6, increase the amount by Nation’s veterans’ $47,000,000. $144,000,000. (3) Whereas the veterans’ service organiza- On page 3, line 11, increase the amount by On page 40, line 7, increase the amount by tions have provided a plan, known as the $144,000,000. $144,000,000. Independent Budget for Veterans Affairs, to On page 3, line 12, increase the amount by On page 40, line 13, increase the amount by reform the veterans’ health care delivery $197,000,000. $197,000,000. system to adapt it to the modern health care On page 3, line 13, increase the amount by On page 40, line 14, increase the amount by environment and improve its ability to meet $257,000,000. $197,000,000. the health the health care needs of veterans On page 3, line 14, increase the amount by On page 40, line 20, increase the amount by in a cost-effective manner; $322,000,000. $257,000,000. (4) Whereas current budget proposals as- On page 3, line 15, increase the amount by On page 40, line 21, increase the amount by sume a change in the definition of service- $392,000,000. $257,000,000. connected veterans; On page 3, line 16, increase the amount by On page 41, line 2, increase the amount by (5) Whereas proposals contained within the $412,000,000. $322,000,000. Independent Budget may provide improved On page 3, line 20, increase the amount by On page 41, line 3, increase the amount by service to veterans; $47,000,000. $322,000,000. (6) Whereas budget proposals may not have On page 3, line 21, increase the amount by On page 41, line 9, increase the amount by fully considered the measures proposed by $144,000,000. $392,000,000.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00115 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7396 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 24, 1995 On page 41, line 10, increase the amount by On page 5, line 10, decrease the amount by Senate may submit to the Senate appro- $392,000,000. $500,000,000. priately revised allocations under sections On page 41, line 16, increase the amount by On page 5, line 19, increase the amount by 302(a) and 602(a) of the Congressional Budget $412,000,000. $1,400,000,000. Act of 1974; budgetary aggregates; and levels On page 41, line 17, increase the amount by On page 5, line 22, increase the amount by under this resolution, revised by an amount $412,000,000. $900,000,000. that does not exceed the additional deficit On page 63, line 19, decrease the amount by On page 6, line 5, increase the amount by reduction specified under subsection (d).’’ $47,000,000. $1,400,000,000. On page 63, line 20, decrease the amount by On page 6, line 8, increase the amount by COVERDELL AMENDMENT NO. 1152 $967,000,000. $900,000,000. On page 63, line 21, decrease the amount by On page 6, line 18, increase the amount by Mr. COVERDELL proposed an $1,771,000,000. $1,400,000,000. amendment to the concurrent resolu- At the appropriate place in the resolution On page 6, line 21, increase the amount by tion, Senate Concurrent Resolution 13, insert the following: $900,000,000. supra; as follows: SEC. . FEDERAL RETIREMENT. On page 7, line 5, increase the amount by At the end of title III, add the following: It is the sense of the Senate that— $1,400,000,000. SEC. . SENSE OF THE SENATE REGARDING THE (a) the assumptions underlying the revenue On page 7, line 8, increase the amount by COSTS OF THE NATIONAL VOTER and functional totals in this resolution as- $900,000,000. REGISTRATION ACT OF 1993. sume that the Federal Retirement programs On page 7, line 15, decrease the amount by It is the sense of the Senate that within will continue to calculate retirement bene- $200,000,000. the assumptions under budget function 800 fits from the average of an employee’s high On page 7, line 16, decrease the amount by funds will be spent for reimbursement to the 3 years of service; and $200,000,000. States for the costs of implementing the Na- (b) the restoration of the Federal Retire- On page 7, line 17, increase the amount by tional Voter Registration Act of 1993. ment benefits will be restored by closing the $1,100,000,000. tax loophole which allows billionaires to es- On page 7, line 18, decrease the amount by KERRY AMENDMENT NO. 1153 cape taxes by renouncing their citizenship. $300,000,000. On page 7, line 19, decrease the amount by Mr. KERRY proposed an amendment $400,000,000. to the concurrent resolution, Senate ROTH AMENDMENT NO. 1150 On page 7, line 20, increase the amount by Concurrent Resolution 13, supra; as fol- Mr. ROTH proposed an amendment to $500,000,000. lows: the concurrent resolution, Senate Con- On page 7, line 21, decrease the amount by On page 64, strike lines 17 through 19 and current Resolution 13, supra; as fol- $500,000,000. insert the following: ‘‘$2,000,000 in fiscal year On page 8, line 1, decrease the amount by lows: 1996, $37,000,000 for the period of fiscal years $200,000,000. 1996 through 2000, and $72,000,000 for the pe- On page 3, line 10, increase the amount by On page 8, line 2, decrease the amount by riod of fiscal years 1996’’ $200,000,000. $200,000,000. On page 66, line 6, decrease the amount by On page 3, line 11, increase the amount by On page 8, line 3, increase the amount by $70,000,000. $200,000,000. $1,100,000,000. On page 66, line 13, decrease the amount by On page 3, line 12, increase the amount by On page 8, line 4, decrease the amount by $70,000,000. $300,000,000. $300,000,000. On page 66, line 14, decrease the amount by On page 3, line 13, increase the amount by On page 8, line 5, decrease the amount by $28,000,000. $300,000,000. $400,000,000. On page 66, line 20, decrease the amount by On page 3, line 14, increase the amount by On page 8, line 6, increase the amount by $70,000,000. $400,000,000. $500,000,000. On page 66, line 21, decrease the amount by On page 3, line 15, increase the amount by On page 8, line 7, decrease the amount by $215,000,000. $400,000,000. $500,000,000. On page 67, line 2, decrease the amount by On page 3, line 16, increase the amount by On page 20, line 15, increase the amount by $70,000,000. $500,000,000. $1,400,000,000. On page 67, line 3, decrease the amount by On page 3, line 20, decrease the amount by On page 20, line 16, increase the amount by $4,000,000. $200,000,000. $1,400,000,000. On page 67, line 9, decrease the amount by On page 3, line 21, decrease the amount by On page 21, line 15, increase the amount by $70,000,000. $200,000,000. $900,000,000. On page 3, line 22, decrease the amount by On page 21, line 16, increase the amount by MCCONNELL AMENDMENT NO. 1154 $300,000,000. $900,000,000. Mr. MCCONNELL proposed an On page 3, line 23, increase the amount by On page 62, line 14, decrease the amount by amendment to amendment No. 1154 $300,000,000. $1,400,000,000. On page 3, line 24, increase the amount by On page 62, line 15, decrease the amount by proposed by Mr. KERRY to the concur- $400,000,000. $2,300,000,000. rent resolution Senate Concurrent Res- On page 3, line 25, increase the amount by olution 12, supra; as follows: $400,000,000. EXON (AND OTHERS) AMENDMENT At the appropriate place, insert the fol- On page 4, line 1, increase the amount by NO. 1151 lowing: $500,000,000. SEC. . SENSE OF THE SENATE. On page 4, line 18, increase the amount by Mr. EXON (for himself, Mr. DASCHLE, It is the sense of the Senate that the as- $200,000,000. Mr. CONRAD and Mr. WELLSTONE) pro- sumptions underlying function 800 include On page 4, line 19, increase the amount by posed an amendment to the concurrent the following: that payments to presidential $200,000,000. resolution, Senate Concurrent Resolu- campaigns from the Presidential Election On page 4, line 20, increase the amount by tion 13, supra; as follows: Campaign Fund, as authorized by the Fed- $300,000,000. eral Election Campaign Act of 1974, should On page 4, line 21, increase the amount by On page 74 strike lines 12 through 24 and not be used for or augment damage awards $300,000,000. insert the following: ‘‘budget, the revenue or settlements arising from a civil or crimi- On page 4, line 22, increase the amount by and spending aggregates may be revised and nal action, or the threat thereof, related to $400,000,000. other appropriate budgetary aggregates and sexual harassment. On page 4, line 23, increase the amount by levels may be revised to reflect the addi- $400,000,000. tional deficit reduction achieved as cal- GLENN (AND SIMON) AMENDMENT On page 4, line 24, increase the amount by culated under subsection (c) for legislation NO. 155 that reduces revenues, and for legislation $500,000,000. Mr. EXON (for Mr. GLENN, for himself On page 5, line 4, decrease the amount by that will provide $15,000,000,000 in outlays to and Mr. SIMON) proposed an amend- $200,000,000. the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, On page 5, line 5, decrease the amount by and Forestry for the purpose of restoring ment to the concurrent resolution, $200,000,000. outlay reductions required of that com- Senate Concurrent Resolution 13, On page 5, line 6, decrease the amount by mittee pursuant to section 6 of this Resolu- supra; as follows: $300,000,000. tion. On page 79, strike lines 1 through 3. On page 5, line 7, increase the amount by (b) Revised Allocations and Aggregates— $300,000,000. Upon the reporting of legislation pursuant to DOMENICI (AND GRASSLEY) On page 5, line 8, increase the amount by subsection (a), and again upon the submis- AMENDMENT NO. 1156 $400,000,000. sion of a conference report on such legisla- On page 5, line 9, increase the amount by tion (if a conference report is submitted), the Mr. DOMENICI (for himself and Mr. $400,000,000. Chair of the Committee on the Budget of the GRASSLEY) proposed an amendment to

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00116 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7397 the concurrent resolution, Senate Con- mental Affairs shall report changes in laws (2) PROHIBITION ON STRIKING PROPER DEBT gressional Resolution 13, supra; as fol- within its jurisdiction that provide direct LIMIT CHANGES.—Notwithstanding any other lows: spending to reduce outlays $118,000,000 in fis- rule of the Senate, it shall not be in order in cal year 1996, $3,023,000,000 for the period of the Senate to consider any amendment to a In lieu of the language proposed to be fiscal years 1996 through 2000, and reconciliation bill or resolution that would stricken insert the following: $6,871,000,000 for the period of fiscal years strike a provision reported pursuant to a di- SEC. 209. REPEAL OF IRS ALLOWANCE. 1996 through 2002. rective of the type described in section (a) Section 25 of House Concurrent Resolu- ‘‘(10) COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY.—The 310(a)(3) of the Congressional Budget Act of tion 218 (103d Congress, 2d Session) is re- Senate Committee on the Judiciary shall re- 1974. pealed. port changes in laws within its jurisdiction (3) WAIVERS.—This section may be waived (b) It is the sense of the Senate that the that provide direct spending to reduce out- or suspended in the Senate by a roll call vote revenue levels contained in the budget reso- lays $119,000,000 in fiscal year 1996, of a majority of the Members, duly chosen lution should assume passage of the ‘‘Tax- $923,000,000 for the period of fiscal years 1996 and sworn. payers Bill of Rights 2’’ and that the Senate through 2000, and $1,483,000,000 for the period (c) EXERCISE OF RULEMAKING POWERS.—The should pass the Taxpayers Bill of Rights 2 of fiscal years 1996 through 2002. Senate adopts the provisions of this title— this Congress. ‘‘(11) COMMITTEE ON LABOR AND HUMAN RE- (1) as an exercise of the rulemaking power (c) It is the sense of the Senate that fund- SOURCES.—The Senate Committee on the of the Senate, and as such they shall be con- ing for tax compliance efforts should be a top Labor and Human Resources shall report sidered as part of the rules of the Senate, priority and that the assumptions under- changes in laws within its jurisdiction that and such rules shall supersede other rules lying the functional totals in this resolution provide direct spending to reduce outlays only to the extent that they are inconsistent include the administration’s full request for $1,141,000,000 in fiscal year 1996, $9,165,000,000 therewith; and the Internal Revenue Service. for the period of fiscal years 1996 through (2) with full recognition of the constitu- 2000, and $13,795,000,000 for the period of fiscal tional right of the Senate to change those GLENN AMENDMENT NO. 1157 years 1996 through 2002. rules (so far as they relate to the Senate) at ‘‘(12) COMMITTEE ON RULES AND ADMINIS- any time, in the same manner, and to the Mr. GLENN proposed an amendment TRATION.—The Senate Committee on Rules same extent as in the case of any other rule to amendment No. 1156 proposed by Mr. and Administration shall report changes in of the Senate. DOMENICI to the concurrent resolution, laws within its jurisdiction that provide di- Senate Congressional Resolution 13, rect spending to reduce outlays $2,000,000 in MOYNIHAN AMENDMENT NO. 1161 supra; as follows: fiscal year 1996, $280,000,000 for the period of Mr. EXON (for Mr. MOYNIHAN) pro- In the pending amendment, strike lines 1– fiscal years 1996 through 2000, and $319,000,000 3. for the period of fiscal years 1996 through posed an amendment to the concurrent 2002. resolution, Senate Concurrent Resolu- ‘‘(13) COMMITTEE ON VETERANS’ AFFAIRS.— tion 13, supra; as follows: BOXER (AND OTHERS) The Senate Committee on Veterans’ Affairs AMENDMENT NO. 1158 On page 74, strike lines 12 through 24 and shall report changes in laws within its juris- insert the following: ‘‘budget, the appro- Mr. EXON (for Mrs. BOXER, Mrs. diction that provide direct spending to re- priate budgetary allocations, aggregates, and MURRAY, Mr. LAUTENBERG, and Mrs. duce outlays $301,000,000 in fiscal year 1996, levels shall be revised to reflect $5,760,000,000 for the period of fiscal years FEINSTEIN) proposed an amendment to $55,000,000,000 in budget authority and out- 1996 through 2000, and $10,002,000,000 for the lays of the additional deficit reduction the concurrent resolution, Senate Con- period of fiscal years 1996 through 2002. current Resolution 13, supra; as fol- achieved as calculated under subsection (c) TITLE II—BUDGETARY RESTRAINTS AND lows: for legislation that retains AFDC as a Fed- RULEMAKING eral entitlement and restores budget author- At the appropriate place add the following: SEC. 200. LIMITING INCREASES IN THE STATU- ity and outlays for other income security ‘‘It is the sense of Congress that no Member TORY LIMIT ON THE PUBLIC DEBT. programs. of Congress may use campaign funds to de- (a) RECONCILIATION DIRECTIVES WITH RE- ‘‘(b) REVISED ALLOCATIONS AND AGGRE- fend against sexual harassment lawsuits.’’ SPECT TO PUBLIC DEBT LIMIT.— GATES.—Upon the reporting of legislation (1) BUDGET RESOLUTION.—Any concurrent pursuant to subsection (a), and again upon DOLE AMENDMENT NO. 1159 resolution on the budget for a fiscal year the submission of a conference report on that contains directives of the type described Mr. DOLE proposed an amendment to such legislation (if a conference report is in paragraph (1) or (2) of section 310(a) of the submitted), the Chair of the Committee on amendment No. 1158 proposed by Mrs. Congressional Budget Act of 1974 for such fis- the Budget of the Senate may submit to the BOXER to the concurrent resolution, cal year shall also include a directive of the Senate appropriately revised allocations Senate Concurrent Resolution 13, type described in paragraph (3) of that sub- under sections 302(a) and 602(a) of the Con- supra; as follows: section for that fiscal year. gressional Budget Act of 1974, budgetary ag- In the pending amendment, strike all after (2) RECONCILIATION.—Any change in the gregates, and levels under this resolution, re- the words ‘‘it is the Sense of the Congress’’ statutory limit on the public debt that is vised by an amount that does not exceed the and insert the following: ‘‘that no Member of recommended pursuant to a directive of the additional deficit reduction specified under Congress or the Executive Branch may use type described in paragraph (3) of section subsection (d).’’. campaign funds or privately donated funds 310(a) shall be included in the reconciliation to defend against sexual harassment law- legislation reported pursuant to section 310 BINGAMAN (AND OTHERS) suits.’’ (b) for that fiscal year. (b) POINT OF ORDER.— AMENDMENT NO. 1162 (1) IN GENERAL.— Mr. EXON (for Mr. BINGAMAN, for EXON AMENDMENT NO. 1160 (A) Notwithstanding any other rule of the himself, Mr. LIEBERMAN, Mr. ROCKE- Senate, except as provided in subparagraph Mr. EXON proposed an amendment to FELLER, Mr. BIDEN, Mr. HOLLINGS, Mr. the concurrent resolution Senate Con- (B), it shall not be in order in the Senate to consider any bill or joint resolution (or any BYRD, Mr. KERRY, Mr. DODD, Mr. current Resolution 13, supra; as fol- amendment thereto or conference report PRYOR, and Mr. GLENN) proposed an lows: thereon) that increases the statutory limit amendment to the concurrent resolu- On page 63, strike beginning with line 8, on the public debt during a fiscal year above tion, Senate Concurrent Resolution 13, through page 65, line 5, and insert the fol- the level set forth as appropriate for such fis- supra; as follows: lowing: ‘‘The Senate Committee on Finance cal year in the concurrent resolution on the At the end of the concurrent resolution, shall report changes in laws within its juris- budget for such fiscal year agreed to under add the following: diction that increase the statutory limit on section 301 of the Congressional Budget Act SEC. . SENSE OF THE SENATE ON THE IMPOR- the public debt to the amount set forth for of 1974. TANCE OF RESEARCH, TECH- the public debt for fiscal year 1996 in section (B) Subparagraph (A) shall not apply to NOLOGY, AND TRADE PROMOTION 2(5), of this resolution. any reconciliation resolution reported pursu- AND TRADE LAW ENFORCEMENT ‘‘(8) COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN RELATIONS.— ant to section 310(b) of the Congressional PROGRAMS. The Senate Committee on Foreign Relations Budget Act of 1974 during any fiscal year (or (a) FINDINGS.—The Senate finds that— shall report changes in laws within its juris- any conference report thereon) that contains (1) the public welfare, economy, and na- diction that provide direct spending to re- a provision that— tional security of the United States have duce outlays $0 in fiscal year 1996, $0 for the (i) increases the statutory limit on the benefited enormously from the investments period of fiscal years 1996 through 2000, and public debt pursuant to a directive of the the Federal Government has made over the $0 for the period of fiscal years 1996 through type described in section 310(a)(3) of such past fifty years in research, technology, and 2002. Act; and trade promotion and trade law enforcement; ‘‘(9) COMMITTEE ON GOVERNMENTAL AF- (ii) becomes effective on or after the first (2) these investments are even more impor- FAIRS.—The Senate Committee on Govern- day of the following fiscal year. tant at the dawn of the twenty-first century

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00117 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7398 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 24, 1995 in order to ensure that future generations of the number of children eligible to receive (2) the Federal Government provides 75 Americans can remain at the forefront of ex- benefits under Medicaid shall be determined percent of all college financial aid; ploring the endless scientific and techno- on the basis of estimates made by the Com- (3) the Federal student loan program was logical frontier in the face of ever greater mittee on the Budget of the Senate. created to make college accessible and af- challenges from abroad and thereby main- fordable for the middle class; tain and improve their health, standard of MURRAY (AND OTHERS) (4) increased fees and interest costs dis- living, and national security; and AMENDMENT NO. 1164 courage college participation by making (3) enforcement of United States trade laws higher education more expensive, and more and promotion of United States exports, es- Mr. EXON (for Mrs. MURRAY for her- of a risk, for students and their families; pecially programs in support of small and self, Mr. DASCHLE, Mr. PRESSLER, Mr. (5) full-time students already work an av- medium sized businesses, serve an invaluable AKAKA, Mrs. HUTCHISON, Mr. LEVIN, Mr. erage of 25 hours per week, taking time away function in creating jobs, promoting na- BINGAMAN, Mr. PELL, Mr. DORGAN, Mr. from their studies; and tional economic growth, and allowing Amer- BAUCUS, Mr. KERREY, Mr. EXON, Mrs. (6) student indebtedness is already increas- ican workers and businesses to have the re- KASSEBAUM, and Mr. KEMPTHORNE) pro- ing rapidly, and any reduction of the in- sources to compete in an ever more competi- posed an amendment to the concurrent school interest subsidy will increase the in- tive global economy. debtedness burden on students and families. (b) SENSE OF THE SENATE.—It is the sense resolution, Senate Concurrent Resolu- (b) SENSE OF THE SENATE.—It is the sense of the Senate that, in the assumptions for tion 13, supra; as follows: of the Senate that the assumptions under- the overall accounts, it is assumed that— At the end of title III, insert the following: lying the functional totals in this resolution (1) in allocating discretionary spending in SEC. . SENSE OF THE SENATE. assume the Labor and Human Resources fiscal years 1996 through 2002 within the dis- (A) FINDINGS.—The Senate finds as follows: Committee, in seeking to achieve mandatory cretionary spending limits established in (1) In order to fulfill its responsibility to savings, should not increase the cost of bor- section 201, the Committee on Appropria- rowing for students participating in the Rob- tions will make it a high priority to main- communities that were adversely affected by Federal activities, the Congress established ert T. Stafford Federal Student Loan Pro- tain the overall fiscal year 1995 investment gram. level (without adjustment for inflation) in the Impact Aid program in 1950. research, technology and trade promotion, (2) The Impact Aid program is intended to ease the burden on local school districts for LAUTENBERG (AND OTHERS) and trade law enforcement programs; and AMENDMENT NO. 1166 (2) the conferees on the concurrent budget educating children who live on Federal prop- resolution will not agree to any revenue re- erty. Since Federal property is exempt from Mr. EXON (for Mr. LAUTENBERG, for ductions below current law unless the discre- local property taxes, such districts are de- himself, Mr. ROCKEFELLER, Mrs. MUR- nied the primary source of revenue used to tionary spending limit established in the RAY, Mr. HARKIN, Mr. WELLSTONE, Mr. conference report will permit the Committee finance elementary and secondary education. Most Impact Aid payments are made for stu- REID, Mr. DASCHLE, and Ms. MIKULSKI) on Appropriations to achieve the goal estab- proposed an amendment to the concur- lished in paragraph (1). dents whose parents are in the uniformed services, or for students who reside on Indian rent resolution, Senate Concurrent MURRAY AMENDMENT NO. 1163 lands or in federally subsidized low-rent Resolution 13, supra; as follows: housing projects. Over 1,600 local educational Mr. EXON (for Mrs. MURRAY) pro- On page 3, line 10, increase the amount by agencies enrolling over 17,000,000 children are posed an amendment to the concurrent $47,000,000. provided assistance under the Impact Aid On page 3, line 11, increase the amount by resolution, Senate Concurrent Resolu- program. $144,000,000. tion 13, supra; as follows: (3) The Impact Aid program is one of the On page 3, line 12, increase the amount by On page 79, between lines 3 and 4, insert few Federal education programs where funds $197,000,000. the following: are sent directly to the school district. Such On page 3, line 13, increase the amount by SEC. . PROHIBITION OF LEGISLATION THAT funds go directly into the general fund and $257,000,000. WOULD DEPRIVE CHILDREN OF may be used as the local educational agency On page 3, line 14, increase the amount by THEIR HEALTH INSURANCE UNDER decides. $322,000,000. MEDICAID. (4) The Impact Aid program covers less On page 3, line 15, increase the amount by (a) POINT OF ORDER.—It shall not be in than half of what it costs to educate each $392,000,000. order in the Senate to consider any bill, res- federally connected student in some school On page 3, line 16, increase the amount by olution, amendment, motion, or conference districts, requiring local school districts or $412,000,000. report that would cause children eligible to States to provide the remainder. On page 3, line 20, increase the amount by receive benefits under Medicaid (whether (5) Added to the burden described in para- $47,000,000. currently or in the future) to lose any of graph (4) is the fact that some States do not On page 3, line 21, increase the amount by those benefits. rely upon an income tax for State funding of $144,000,000. (b) WAIVER.—This section may be waived education. In these cases, the loss of prop- On page 3, line 22, increase the amount by or suspended in the Senate by a majority erty tax revenue makes State and local edu- $197,000,000. vote of the Members voting, a quorum being cation funding even more difficult to obtain. On page 3, line 23, increase the amount by present, or by the unanimous consent of the (6) Given the serious budget constraints $257,000,000. Senate. facing State and local governments it is crit- On page 3, line 24, increase the amount by (c) APPEALS.—Appeals in the Senate from ical that the Federal Government continue $322,000,000. the decisions of the Chair relating to this to fulfill its responsibility to the federally On page 3, line 25, increase the amount by section shall be limited to 1 hour, to be impacted school districts in our Nation’s $392,000,000. equally divided between and controlled by, States. On page 4, line 1, increase the amount by the appellant and the manager of the bill or (b) SENSE OF THE SENATE.—It is the sense $412,000,000. resolution, as the case may be. An affirma- of the Senate that in the assumptions for the On page 4, line 18, increase the amount by tive vote of a majority of the Members of the overall accounts it is assumed that—the Fed- $47,000,000. Senate, duly chosen and sworn, shall be re- eral Government has a financial responsi- On page 4, line 19, increase the amount by quired in the Senate to sustain an appeal of bility to schools in our Nation’s commu- $144,000,000. the ruling of the Chair on a point of order nities which are adversely affected by Fed- On page 4, line 20, increase the amount by raised under this provision. eral activities and that funding for such re- $197,000,000. (d) CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE RE- sponsibilities should not be reduced or elimi- On page 4, line 21, increase the amount by PORTS.—Whenever the Director of the Con- nated. $257,000,000. gressional Budget Office prepares a report On page 4, line 22, increase the amount by pursuant to section 308 of the Congressional PELL AMENDMENT NO. 1165 $322,000,000. Budget Act of 1974 in connection with a bill, On page 4, line 23, increase the amount by resolution, or conference report that the Di- Mr. EXON (for Mr. PELL) proposed an $392,000,000. rector believes would cause children eligible amendment to the concurrent resolu- On page 4, line 24, increase the amount by to receive benefits under Medicaid (whether tion, Senate Concurrent Resolution 13, $412,000,000. currently or in the future) to lose any of supra; as follows: On page 5, line 4, increase the amount by those benefits, the Director shall so state in $47,000,000. that report and, to the extent practicable, At the end of title III, insert the following: On page 5, line 5, increase the amount by shall include an estimate of the number of SEC. . STUDENT LOAN CUTS. $144,000,000. children eligible to receive benefits under (a) FINDINGS.—The Senate finds that— On page 5, line 6, increase the amount by Medicaid (whether currently or in the fu- (1) in the 20th century, educational in- $197,000,000. ture) who would lose any of those benefits as creases in the workforce accounted for 30 On page 5, line 7, increase the amount by a result of that legislation. percent of the growth in our Nation’s wealth, $257,000,000. (e) ESTIMATES.—Solely for the purposes of and advances in knowledge accounted for 55 On page 5, line 8, increase the amount by enforcement of this section in the Senate, percent of such growth; $322,000,000.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00118 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7399 On page 5, line 9, increase the amount by On page 3, line 15, increase the amount by On page 44, line 24, increase the amount by $392,000,000. $0. $0. On page 5, line 10, increase the amount by On page 3, line 16, increase the amount by On page 45, line 7, increase the amount by $412,000,000. $0. $0. On page 5, line 17, increase the amount by On page 3, line 20, increase the amount by On page 45, line 8, increase the amount by $47,000,000. $0. $0. On page 5, line 18, increase the amount by On page 3, line 21, increase the amount by On page 45, line 15, increase the amount by $144,000,000. $0. $0. On page 5, line 19, increase the amount by On page 3, line 22, increase the amount by On page 45, line 16, increase the amount by $197,000,000. $0. $0. On page 5, line 20, increase the amount by On page 3, line 23, increase the amount by On page 45, line 23, increase the amount by $257,000,000. $0. $0. On page 5, line 21, increase the amount by On page 3, line 24, increase the amount by On page 45, line 24, increase the amount by $322,000,000. $0. $0. On page 5, line 22, increase the amount by On page 3, line 25, increase the amount by On page 64, line 24, decrease the amount by $392,000,000. $0. $0. On page 5, line 23, increase the amount by On page 4, line 1, increase the amount by On page 64, line 25, decrease the amount by $412,000,000. $0. $0. On page 6, line 16, increase the amount by On page 4, line 18, increase the amount by On page 65, line 2, decrease the amount by $47,000,000. $0. $0. On page 6, line 17, increase the amount by On page 4, line 19, increase the amount by SEC. . SENSE OF THE SENATE. $144,000,000. $0. It is the Sense of the Senate that the as- On page 6, line 18, increase the amount by On page 4, line 20, increase the amount by sumptions underlying the functional totals $197,000,000. $0. in this resolution include that the increased On page 6, line 19, increase the amount by On page 4, line 21, increase the amount by revenues resulting from the revision of the $257,000,000. $0. expatriate tax loophole should be used to On page 6, line 20, increase the amount by On page 4, line 22, increase the amount by eliminate the earnings penalty imposed on $322,000,000. $0. low and middle income senior citizens re- On page 6, line 21, increase the amount by On page 4, line 23, increase the amount by ceiving social security. $392,000,000. $0. f On page 6, line 22, increase the amount by On page 4, line 24, increase the amount by $412,000,000. $0. AUTHORITY FOR COMMITTEES TO On page 43, line 24, increase the amount by On page 5, line 4, increase the amount by MEET $47,000,000. $0. On page 43, line 25, increase the amount by On page 5, line 5, increase the amount by COMMITTEE ON BANKING, HOUSING, AND URBAN $47,000,000. $0. AFFAIRS On page 44, line 7, increase the amount by On page 5, line 6, increase the amount by Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I ask $144,000,000. $0. unanimous consent that the Com- On page 44, line 8, increase the amount by On page 5, line 7, increase the amount by mittee on Banking, Housing, and $144,000,000. $0. On page 44, line 15, increase the amount by Urban Affairs be authorized to meet On page 5, line 8, increase the amount by during the session of the Senate on $197,000,000. $0. On page 44, line 16, increase the amount by On page 5, line 9, increase the amount by Wednesday, May 24, 1995, to conduct a $197,000,000. $0. hearing on the impact of the peso de- On page 44, line 23, increase the amount by On page 5, line 10, increase the amount by valuation and the administration’s aid $257,000,000. $0. package on the banking system and On page 44, line 24, increase the amount by On page 5, line 17, increase the amount by $257,000,000. economy of Mexico. $0. On page 45, line 7, increase the amount by The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without On page 5, line 18, increase the amount by $322,000,000. objection, it is so ordered. $0. On page 45, line 8, increase the amount by COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE, SCIENCE, AND On page 5, line 19, increase the amount by $322,000,000. TRANSPORTATION $0. On page 45, line 15, increase the amount by On page 5, line 20, increase the amount by Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I ask $392,000,000. unanimous consent that the Com- On page 45, line 16, increase the amount by $0. $392,000,000. On page 5, line 21, increase the amount by mittee on Commerce, Science, and On page 45, line 23, increase the amount by $0. Transportation be allowed to meet dur- $412,000,000. On page 5, line 22, increase the amount by ing the Wednesday, May 24, 1995 session On page 45, line 24, increase the amount by $0. of the Senate for the purpose of con- On page 5, line 23, increase the amount by $412,000,000. ducting an oversight hearing on inter- On page 64, line 24, decrease the amount by $0. On page 6, line 16, increase the amount by national aviation policy. $47,000,000. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without On page 64, line 25, decrease the amount by $0. $967,000,000. On page 6, line 17, increase the amount by objection, it is so ordered. On page 65, line 2, decrease the amount by $0. COMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND NATURAL $1,771,000,000. On page 6, line 18, increase the amount by RESOURCES $0. Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I ask On page 6, line 19, increase the amount by unanimous consent that the Com- MCCAIN (AND BROWN) $0. AMENDMENT NO. 1167 On page 6, line 20, increase the amount by mittee on Energy and Natural Re- sources be granted permission to meet Mr. DOMENICI (for MCCAIN for him- $0. during the session of the Senate on self and Mr. BROWN) proposed an On page 6, line 21, increase the amount by amendment to amendment No. 1166 $0. Wednesday, May 24, 1995, for purposes On page 6, line 22, increase the amount by of conducting a Full Committee busi- proposed by Mr. LAUTENBERG to the $0. ness meeting which is scheduled to concurrent resolution, Senate Concur- On page 43, line 24, increase the amount by rent Resolution 13, supra; as follows: begin at 9:30 a.m. The purpose of this $0. meeting is to consider pending cal- In lieu of the matter proposed, insert the On page 43, line 25, increase the amount by following: $0. endar business. On page 3, line 10, increase the amount by On page 44, line 7, increase the amount by The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without $0. $0. objection, it is so ordered. On page 3, line 11, increase the amount by On page 44, line 8, increase the amount by COMMITTEE ON FINANCE $0. $0. Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I ask On page 3, line 12, increase the amount by On page 44, line 15, increase the amount by unanimous consent that the Finance $0. $0. On page 3, line 13, increase the amount by On page 44, line 16, increase the amount by Committee be permitted to meet $0. $0. Wednesday, May 24, 1995, in room 215 of On page 3, line 14, increase the amount by On page 44, line 23, increase the amount by the Dirksen Senate Office Building, be- $0. $0. ginning at 9:30 a.m., to conduct a mark

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00119 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7400 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 24, 1995 up on H.R. 4, the Personal Responsi- ADDITIONAL STATEMENTS to the arrest of a man in South Caro- bility Act of 1995. lina who was wanted for assaulting a police officer in Florida. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without U.S. CONFERENCE OF MAYORS’ objection, it is so ordered. The assault weapons ban should also COMMITMENT TO MAINTAINING be given an opportunity to dem- COMMITTEE OF FOREIGN RELATIONS GUN CONTROL LAWS onstrate its effectiveness. Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I ask ∑ Mr. SIMON. Mr. President, I would The only way to resist the push to re- unanimous consent that the Com- like to commend the U.S. Conference peal these important laws is for the mittee on Foreign Relations be author- of Mayors for their May 16 letter re- public to join this debate and make its ized to meet during the session of the stating their commitment to maintain- views known. The U.S. conference of Senate on Wednesday, May 24, 1995, at ing the Nation’s gun control laws. I Mayors has once again joined the cho- 10:30 a.m. share their opposition to any efforts to rus of voices supporting our Nation’s weaken current laws, and I am particu- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without gun control laws, and I greatly appre- larly pleased with their restated com- objection, it is so ordered. ciate their participation in this impor- mitment to the assault weapons ban. tant debate.∑ COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY Some people have called for the re- f Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I ask peal of the assault weapons ban, even before it has an opportunity to dem- TRIBUTE TO MARGARET unanimous consent that the Com- SWIEZYNSKI mittee on the Judiciary be authorized onstrate its effectiveness. These are ∑ to meet during the session of the Sen- the same people who argued that these Mr. GREGG. Mr. President, today I ate on Wednesday, May 24, 1995 at 2:00 weapons, which law enforcement offi- rise to commend a distinguished cit- p.m. to hold a hearing on ‘‘The Clinton cials have testified serve no purpose izen of New Hampshire, Margaret Administration’s Counter-Terrorism other than to kill as many human Swiezynski, for her many years of out- Intelligence Gathering Proposals.’’ beings as quickly as possible, are le- standing service to the Republican gitimate products with a specially pro- Party of New Hampshire and her com- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without tected status in our society. I disagree munity. objection, it is so ordered. with this conclusion. Margaret has dedicated her life to COMMITTEE ON LABOR AND HUMAN RESOURCES In the aftermath of the tragic bomb- her family and in her spare time has ing in Oklahoma City, the push to re- selflessly given her time to the Repub- Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I ask peal the ban has temporarily eased. lican Party. Her commitment and dedi- unanimous consent that the Com- When exposed to the scrutiny of the cation to her community are to be mittee on Labor and Human Resources public eye, the absurdity of the effort commended and her involvement in the be authorized to meet for an Executive to repeal the ban is exposed and the VFW, Lioness Club, and the local St. Session, during the session of the Sen- American public has had no trouble Patrick’s Church has been instru- ate on Wednesday, May 24, 1995, at 9:30 recognizing the inherent inconsistency mental in shaping her community. a.m. of responding to terrorism by loosening Over the years, Margaret has seen The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without common sense measures to stem the many Presidential candidates come objection, it is so ordered. flow of weapons into our communities. and go in New Hampshire, from Presi- SELECT COMMITTEE ON INTELLIGENCE I am pleased that the Senate will not dent Nixon to President Bush. As al- be considering a repeal of the assault ways, Margaret played a key role in Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I ask weapons ban, or any other gun control welcoming these candidates to our unanimous consent that the Select initiatives, in the short run. However, State and contributed to New Hamp- Committee on Intelligence be author- the efforts to repeal these measures shire’s reputation for being a key stop ized to meet during the session of the need to be permanently removed from for everyone on the road to higher of- Senate on Wednesday, May 24, 1995, at Congresses’ agenda. fice. It is citizens like Margaret whose 2:00 p.m. to hold a closed hearing on In- Those who call for the repeal of gun commitment and allegiance make New telligence matters. control laws do not base their objec- Hampshire such a special place to live The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without tions on substantive flaws with the and her many years of service should objection, it is so ordered. measure, for when given an oppor- be applauded and certainly not go un- tunity they have proven their worth. SUBCOMMITTEE ON OVERSIGHT OF GOVERNMENT noticed. AND THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA During its first year, the Brady law has Margaret is the proud mother and made an impressive contribution to grandmother of three children and six Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I ask crime-fighting efforts. The Inter- grandchildren and her commitment is unanimous consent that the Sub- national Association of Chiefs of Police another example of her dedication to committee on Oversight of Government (IACP) reported on the 1-year anniver- family and community. It is a char- Management and the District of Co- sary of the Brady laws, implementa- acteristic that can be cherished by her lumbia, Committee on Governmental tion that in 27 of the States which did family and Milford, NH, her home of Affairs, be permitted to meet during a not previously meet Brady’s require- over 40 years. session of the Senate on Wednesday, ments, 19,098 prohibited people were de- I, along with all the members of the May 24, 1995, at 9:30 a.m., to hold a nied from purchasing a firearm. And al- New Hampshire Republican Party and hearing on Aviation Safety: Do Unap- though there is no national reporting the citizens of Milford, NH, whose lives proved Parts Pose a Safety Risk? requirement, the Bureau of Alcohol, Margaret has touched through her loy- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Tobacco and Firearms estimates that alty and devotion, would like to extend objection, it is so ordered. background checks in the past year a heartfelt thanks and wish her all the have stopped 70,000 convicted felons ∑ SUBCOMMITTEE ON RESEARCH, NUTRITION AND best in her future endeavors. GENERAL LEGISLATION and other prohibited persons from pur- f chasing weapons. Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I ask In addition to fulfilling its primary JAMES MADISON unanimous consent that the Com- aim: to stop felons from buying guns, COMMEMORATIVE COIN ACT mittee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and the Brady law has assisted law enforce- Mr. ROBB. Mr. President, I rise Forestry Subcommittee on Research, ment officials in other ways. In Geor- today in support of the James Madison Nutrition, and General Legislation be gia, one sheriff reported that out of the Commemorative Coin Act, which I allowed to meet during the session of 60 people denied weapons as a result of joined my senior colleague from Vir- the Senate on Wednesday, May 24, at 10 the Brady check in the first year, 15 ginia, Senator WARNER, in introducing a.m., in SR–332, to discuss research and had outstanding felony warrants and 15 on May l9, l995. the future of U.S. agriculture. arrests were made. Brady checks This legislation requires the Sec- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without helped police in San Antonio, TX catch retary of the Treasury to issue a coin objection, it is so ordered. a suspected drug dealer, and it also led in the year 2001 commemorating the

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00120 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7401 250th birthday of James Madison and land of Okinawa, he introduced it there A RETROSPECT OF V-E DAY honoring his many accomplishments. in 1910 and was the first master of the The surcharges raised from the selling Okinawan Karate-Do system. Mr. COCHRAN. Mr. President, an of the coins goes to the National Trust In 1956, for the first time, American issue of the journal entitled Uniformed for Historic Preservation for the cre- servicemen were accepted as students Services Journal, May-June 1995, con- ation of a permanent fund for the pres- in the Okinawan Karate-Do schools. tains an article entitled, ‘‘World War II ervation and renovation of Madison’s One of them settled in the Boston area Revisited: A Retrospect Of V-E Day home, Montpelier. after his military discharge and began and the Events Leading Up To It.’’ This is an important endeavor, Mr. teaching this art form to people in the The article includes recollections of President, because James Madison is area. Walter Mattson of Framingham, some of the distinguished Members of one of our nation’s most brilliant and MA, is the senior American instructor. the Congress who participated in World significant founding fathers. A Vir- Over the years, there has been a con- War II, among them Senator STROM ginian and a distinguished statesman, tinuing cultural exchange between the THURMOND, Senator BOB DOLE, Senator Madison was the principle drafter of Masters on Okinawa and practitioners DANIEL INOUYE, Congressmen TOM BE- the United States Constitution and the here in North America. Mr. Mattson is VILL, SAM GIBBONS, SONNY MONT- Bill of Rights. He served his country as primarily responsible for this 35-year GOMERY, and others. the fourth President the United States. exchange program. This summer, Sen- It is an excellent reminiscence of His home, Montpelier, is located in ior Instructor Peter McCrae from their experiences and their views about Orange County, Virginia, not far from Plymouth, MA, will be studying on the significance of V-E Day and their his friend Thomas Jefferson’s Monti- Okinawa with Master Shintoku personal involvement in the events cello. Takara. leading up to that occasion. Many Americans have found in Oki- It is extremely important, Mr. Presi- I ask unanimous consent that a copy dent, that we act today to both honor nawan Karate-Do a physical and men- tal discipline which promotes positive of the article from the Uniformed Serv- James Madison’s 250th birthday and to ices Journal be printed in the RECORD. create a permanent fund for the preser- attitudes, good health, and self-mas- vation of Montpelier. Doing so will en- tery. Our young people have found in it There being no objection, the article sure that Madison’s legacy is sustained an alternative to the streets and, in its was ordered to be printed in the instructors, positive role models. We for future generations of the great na- RECORD, as follows: are grateful for this Japanese import tion he helped create. WORLD WAR II REVISITED: A RETROSPECT OF I urge my colleagues to support this and we hope that this positive ex- change between our two countries con- V–E DAY AND THE EVENTS LEADING UP TO IT important legislation. tinues for many years.∑ (By Cathy Lumsden) f f World War II (WW II) represents many HONORING SOUTHEAST GUILFORD WILMER JONES-HAM RECEIVES things to many people. It represents sac- HIGH SCHOOL rifice, freedom and hope for a better tomor- MAHALIA JACKSON AWARD ∑ Mr. FAIRCLOTH. Mr. President, it is row. The road to freedom was paved with ∑ Mr. LEVIN. Mr. President, I would death and destruction. Many of you are fa- a pleasure and a privilege for me to rise like to recognize the recent achieve- miliar with Jim Pennington’s stories of WW today on the floor of the Senate to ment of Wilmer Jones-Ham. On April 1, II at retiree recognition programs, chapter honor the accomplishments of South- 1995 she received the Mahalia Jackson events and in the USJ, some more than once. east Guilford High School. This group award for community service. Wilmer But these stories and memories that follow are more than just stories. In today’s cli- of young people and educator from Jones-Ham is a dedicated woman who Greensboro, NC, made it to the na- mate of historical revisionism and political commits great energy to develop a correctness, they remain as one of the few tional finals in the recent 1995, ‘‘We sense of hope in youth, the under or un- The People . . . The Citizen and the accurate eye-witness accounts of the making employed, and homeless in the Saginaw of American history in the Great War that Constitution’’ national competition community. She is the founder of the literally saved the world. We cannot forget held in Washington, DC, April 29–May Saginaw Soul Children’s Choir, the why we fought WWII, ‘‘the war to end all 1. These outstanding young people Saginaw Interdenominational Gospel wars’’ or the men and women who fought the competed against 49 other classes from Music Workshop, and the First Mayor’s war. The thoughts and feelings that follow throughout the Nation and dem- Scholarship Black and Gold Ball. She are real. Take the time to read and under- onstrated a remarkable understanding stand the contributions these Americans has been a teacher for more than 17 made in the fight for freedom. of the fundamental ideals and values of years and developed an after school American constitutional government. program at her home to help students SENATOR STROM THURMOND The accomplishments of Christine who need additional instruction in Sen. Thurmond was serving as a Circuit Youmans, educator, and students Lau- their subjects. It is my honor to con- Judge in his home state when war was de- rie Camp, Ivan Canada, Keith gratulate and thank her for all her ac- clared on Germany. On that day, he called Cockerham, Kamyra Crawford, Joshua complishments.∑ President Roosevelt and volunteered, even Curtiss, Crystal Delgado, Matthew Ful- though he was exempted from service. Ap- f ton, Terri Galinski, Kristin Gerner, Al- proximately a year later in 1943, LTC Thur- lison Gillus, Brent Gonet, Andrew APPOINTMENTS BY MAJORITY mond, USA was a member of the 82nd Air- Hamilton, Toby Kennedy, Jennifer Lee, AND MINORITY LEADERS borne Division assigned to First Army Head- quarters in Europe. He is the only Senator Sara Manning, Brandon McGinnis, Jen- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The still serving in Congress who participated in nifer Michael, Hope Moorman, Lanae Chair, on behalf of the Majority and the Normandy Invasion on D–Day. Muse, Daniele Neese, Megan Randall, Minority Leaders of the Senate and the He was one of three men who volunteered Aisha Rawlins, Christy Shaffer, Speaker and Minority Leader of the to land in Normandy aboard a glider. The Zachary Smith, and Mary Sullivan, are House of Representatives, pursuant to fire was so heavy that his glider was forced appreciated by myself and their home Public Law 104–1, announces the joint to go north to find a safer spot to land. In- State of North Carolina.∑ appointment of the following individ- stead of it getting safer, it got worse. The f uals as members of the Board of Direc- glider landed in an apple orchard nearby. He tors of the Office of Compliance: Glen was injured in the landing in the forehead, OKINAWAN KARATE-DO IN D. Nager, of Washington, D.C., for a hand and knee. However, LTC Thurmond MASSACHUSETTS term of 5 years and to serve as Chair; still joined the rest of the forces in the sub- ∑ Mr. KERRY. Mr. President, Massa- sequent battles of the Invasion. LTC Thur- Virginia A. Seitz, of Washington, D.C., mond would have preferred to have jumped chusetts is proud to be home to the for a term of 5 years; Jerry M. Hunter, but there wasn’t sufficient time to train for North American Okinawan Karate-Do of Missouri, for a term of 4 years; the jump. After the invasion, he returned to Association. Early in this century, James N. Adler, of California, for a Army Headquarters just as his unit got Kanbum Uechi studied this ancient art term of 4 years; and Lawrence Z. ready to go into St-Lo and into Paris. on the mainland of China where it was Lorber, of Washington, D.C., for a term On V–E Day, LTC Thurmond was in Leip- first developed. Returning to his home- of 3 years. zig, Germany when he learned of the end of

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00121 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7402 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 24, 1995 the war in Europe. He and his unit were dis- left, now had 11 capable of carrying a weap- sion. He chose to remember V–E Day like appointed that they were not allowed to take on—and that included me.’’ Lt. Inouye con- this: Berlin and had to let the Russians take it. sidered himself lucky thanks to two silver ‘‘V–E Day was a beautiful, sunny day. The LTC Thurmond was one of the men who un- dollars that he carried through every cam- weather was warm where I was in Paris and covered and helped liberate Buchenwald Con- paign. One was bent and the other cracked everyone was absolutely jubliant. I actually centration Camp. He paints a grim picture of almost in two from the impact of a German drove my jeep down the Champs-Elysees and what he saw. ‘‘I have never seen anything bullet in France. (Sen. Inouye served in both weaved in and out of people dancing there. I like it in my life. Bodies stacked up like cord France and Italy.) He carried them in his saw V–E Day at the best time, from the best wood, eight to ten feet high, those who had breast pocket but on the night of April 20, place.’’ died and those who were still living . . . 1945, lost them. Despite his better judgment, CONGRESSMAN ‘‘SONNY’’ MONTGOMERY (D-3RD- They killed them in one of three ways; by he could not shake the fear that something MS) starving them to death with one bowl of thin was about to happen. I served in the European Theatre during pea soup per day . . . inducing them to climb At first light (April 21, 1945), his unit (E WW II. I was a Second Lieutenant with the a fence to get out, where they were shot . . . Company) jumped. E Company’s objective 12th Armored Division which arrived in or they (the prisoners) were told to go into a was Colle Musatello, a high and heavily de- big booth like a telephone booth and wait fended ridge. Lt. Inouye’s Company managed France in November, 1944. We were assigned until the SS guards came in . . . they (pris- to make it within 40 yards of the German to the Seventh Army part of the time and oners) would go into the front of the booth bunkers then almost at once three machine with the Third Army part of the time as we and the SS Guards would go into the back of guns opened up at them. He took a hit in the drove through France and Germany. We were the booth and hit them with a mallet and stomach but still continued to fight. Finally in heavy combat during the fall and winter smash their heads and kill them . . . The he was close enough to pull the pin on the of 1944 and 1945. The toughest battle was wife of the Commander was particularly last grenade. ‘‘As I drew my arm back, a Ger- against well-entrenched German forces at cruel, she would take the skin from anyone man stood waist-high in the bunker. He was Herlisheim on January 9–10, 1945. We lost a who had tatoos to make lamp shades . . .’’ aiming a rifle grenade at me from a range of number of tanks in the fighting there, but Sen. Thurmond was selected to go on to the ten yards. And then as I cocked my arm to we held back a German counterattack and fi- Pacific. He went to Fort Jackson, SC for a throw, he fired, and the grenade smashed nally broke through enemy defenses. The month, then by train to California and then into my right elbow. It exploded and all but German resistance began to break up after on to the Philippines. LTC Thurmond was in tore my arm off . . . The German was reload- that and we then moved at a rapid pace to- the Philippines when the war ended. He cap- ing his rifle, but my grenade blew up in his ward the Rhine River. Another significant tured a number of Japanese troops. He re- face. I stumbled to my feet, closing on the event occurred in April when elements of the turned to Fort Bragg, NC and was called bunker, firing my tommy gun lefthanded, Twelfth Armored Division captured the back to the Supreme Court of South Caro- the useless right arm slapping red and wet bridge over the Danube River at Dillingen lina. Sen. Thurmond was awarded five Battle against my side . . . a bullet caught me in before German demolition men could wreck Stars with the 82nd Airborne Division. For the right leg. The German resistance in our it. Securing that bridge provided a vital ar- his military service, he earned 18 decora- sector ended April 23. Nine days later, the tery for Allied troops to flood into southern tions, and awards, including the Legion of war in Italy was over, and a week after that Germany and helped speed up our efforts to Merit with Oak Leaf Cluster, Purple Heart, the enemy surrendered unconditionally.’’ end the war. Bronze Star for Valor, Belgian Order of the Senator Inouye was awarded the Distin- We helped liberate a number of concentra- Crown and the French Croix de Guerre. guished Service Cross, the Purple Heart with tion camps in Germany as the war neared its end. We drove past hundreds of freed Jewish SENATOR BOB DOLE (R-KS) Oak Leaf Cluster and the Bronze Star. prisoners walking and sometimes stumbling, CONGRESSMAN TOM BEVILL (D-4TH-AL) Senator Dole shares his thoughts on WW II along the road. The sight of these and V–E Day, we should take a moment to Last year, I participated in the commemo- improverished people in their tattered remember America’s place in the world. ration of the 50th Anniversary of the D-Day clothes is something even the most hardened When I witnessed the emotion of those gath- Invasion on the coast of Normandy, France. soldiers can never forget. I was in southern ered on the beaches of France last summer, The men who participated in that invasion Germany when I heard the Armed Forces memories came flooding back—memories of will always be remembered for their her- Radio broadcast that the war in Europe had heroism, sacrifice and the pain men and oism. It brought back many memories for ended, but I had little time to celebrate. I women suffered. We must never be reluctant me, although I was not part of the initial in- got orders a week later to go to the Pacific about our greatness as a country—nor vasion. As a new Army Second Lieutenant, I theater and prepare for the invasion of ashamed of our national strength. There is was sent to England in late February of 1944, Japan. That invasion, of course, was averted one responsibility only the federal govern- less than four months before D-Day. I was in when we dropped the atomic bombs on Hiro- ment has, and that is to protect our freedom. a staging area with the 5th Armored Divi- shima and Nagasaki. We must stop placing the agenda of the sion, where I assisted in drilling the troops RADM EUGENE B. FLUCKEY (USN-RET.) United Nations before the interest of the who were in the first wave to storm the coast United States. Let us remember that Amer- of Normandy. At night we would load the Rear Admiral Fluckey, author of Thunder ica has been the greatest force for good the troops on ships with their rifles and ammu- Below was Commanding Officer of the sub- world has ever known. Before visiting France nition and send them out under cover of marine USS Barb. He received the Medal of last year, I was in Northern Italy where I darkness. They did not know where they Honor and four Navy Crosses and is a veteran served in the Tenth Mountain Division 50 were going. They would land somewhere of eleven war patrols during WW II. RADM years before. While revisiting the battle along the coast of Normandy. I remember Fluckey is credited with the most tonnage sites, I thought about why we had been sent how anxious the troops were. I realized it sunk by a U.S. skipper in WW II, seventeen there, about the America we were risking was no drill the day we issued emergency ra- ships including a carrier, raider-carrier and a our lives to protect and about the hopes for tions to the troops. Suddenly, they were pro- frigate. He is proudest of the fact that no one the generations to follow. As we open the vided kits with a several days’ supply of attached to the Barb received the Purple door to another century, we can celebrate chocolate bars, cigarettes and K-rations. We Heart and that the sub came back ready and the fact that the world is a safer, freer place had never done that before. And, that’s how eager to fight again. In the Atlantic, he because of American leadership. We must we knew it was the real thing. I will never chased German submarines but his biggest continue to do what we have always done think of myself as a war hero. I am not. That contributions were in the Pacific theatre. best—leading by example. honor goes to men like my colleague, Con- His contributions there will be highlighted Senator Dole was a Platoon Leader with gressman Sam Gibbons of Florida, who in the upcoming V–J issue of the USI. the legendary Tenth Mountain Division. Cpt. parachuted behind the German lines on D- CORPORAL CHASE FIELDING (USA), FORMER POW Dole was injured while serving in Northern Day. That honor goes to men like the late CPL Fielding arrived in Normandy on D+7 Italy on April 14, 1945. He was awarded two Congressman Bill Nichols of Alabama who as part of the 29th Division going in to re- Purple Hearts and one Bronze Star with Oak lost a leg in WW II. That honor goes to Trav- place the 13th Airborne Division. They made Leaf Cluster. is Alvis, my childhood friend from Townley, it up to St-Lo which was later leveled by the SENATOR DANIEL INOUYE (D-HI) who was killed in the D-Day Invasion. That Air Corps. Three days later, he was only one Sen Inouye was awarded a battlefield com- honor goes to many, many others who of three men remaining in his platoon, and mission in Italy as a Second Lieutenant in stormed the beaches of Normandy in the was taken prisoner on June 30, 1944. Under the United States Army. This occurred just name of freedom and democracy. American artillery fire, he along with two as his unit, the 442nd Regimental Combat CONGRESSMAN SAM GIBBONS (D-11TH-FL) others were taken to Stalag XII A on the Team left to rescue ‘‘The Lost Battalion’’ of Congressman Gibbons served in WWII as an outskirts of Limsburg. ‘‘We were fed bread the 141st Infantry. It had been surrounded Army Captain in the 501st Parachute Infan- and soup, bread and tea in the morning and and was desperately short of supplies and try of the 101st Airborne. Gibbons was a water soup the next two meals.... Our ammunition.Two days later he left to join member of the initial assault force which in- meat consisted of worms which somehow got his outfit. By the time he reached them, the vaded Normandy on D-Day. He is the only in the soup.’’ We traveled by train for five bloody battle of The Lost Battalion was Member of the House of Representatives days and five nights, forty to fifty men in a over. ‘‘My platoon, numbering 20 men when I serving today who participated in the Inva- small boxcar. We were let out only twice to

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00122 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7403 perform our toilets. Ate, slept and excreted his ship (APA) Joseph Dickman was part of consideration of S. Con. Res. 13, the in the same place. It was suffocatingly hot a secret U.S. Navy convoy ‘‘William Sail concurrent budget resolution. during the day, and with little ventilation 12X’’ approaching Cape Town South Africa. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without and sometimes without water for thirty-six His ship returned to the United States on objection, it is so ordered. hours, quite a few passed out. February 28, 1942 after having been diverted Upon arrival in Limsburg, we had our first to India. His ship then became involved in Mr. COCHRAN. I now ask unanimous bath since the middle of July. We left Stalag the Battle of the Atlantic, surviving a tor- consent that the first vote tomorrow XII A on August 24 and arrived at 4–B pedo attack May 15, 1942. Captain Walsh was morning at 9 a.m. be 20 minutes in (Muhlburg) on August 26 and were put into assigned to the staff of Commander, U.S. length, and the remaining votes in the barracks. ‘‘The camp was like heaven com- Naval Forces, Europe in the Planning and sequence be limited as under the terms pared to the others.... I met a member of Logistics Section. He was assigned to the of today’s sequence of votes on the Tito’s band, age 15, and (who had been) planning for Operation Overlord and Phase wounded twice. There was a kid there, a ma- budget. Neptune and the logistics requirement for The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without chine-gunner, who was only eleven years Cherbourg and LeHavre. He organized, old.... The Russians were treated horribly. trained and commanded U.S. Navy Task Unit objection, it is so ordered. In some Russian barracks cannibalism had 127.2.8 which landed over Beach Utah at- f occurred. They were like sticks, and when tached to the 7th Corps, U.S. Army. ‘‘My too weak to move were thrown in a lime Task Unit 127.2.8 (from June 26—June 29, PROGRAM pit.... One huge field there was fertilized 1944): with 10,000 bodies of Jews.’’ On September 1. Cleaned out the last resistance in the Mr. COCHRAN. Mr. President, for the 14th, CPL Fielding moved out as part of a Arsenal. information of all Senators, there will working party. He passed through Dresden 2. Plotted and delivered the mine fields in on the 15th and entered Sudatenland that be a rollcall vote at 9 a.m. on the re- the harbor to the British mine sweepers off scissions conference report. Imme- night. On the 16th, the working party was the port. housed at Falkensaw where it worked in coal 3. Established United States Navy Head- diately following that vote, the Senate mines. CPL Fielding went on his first sick quarters, Cherbourg. will resume consideration of the budget call on October 6th due to boils. He was We had to have Cherbourg to sustain the resolution and will begin a series of treated by a Serbian doctor in the Russian invasion (Normandy) and the Germans knew rollcall votes on or in relation to re- compound. A week and a half later, he devel- it.’’ Task Unit 127.2.8 entered Cherbourg by maining amendments to the budget. oped an abscess and underwent surgery. A going over the top of Fort duRoule with the hole the size of an egg was left by a French 79th Division on June 26, 1944. Subsequently, f surgeon purposely to keep him out of the he led a heavily-armed unit, equipped with mines for awhile. Mr. Fielding’s health wors- submachine guns, hand grenades and bazoo- RECESS UNTIL 9 A.M. TOMORROW ened in November because of another ab- kas the cleaned out the last resistance in the Mr. COCHRAN. Mr. President, if scess, swollen tonsils and diphtheria. Cherbourg Arsenal, established U.S. Navy Later an abscess was removed from the Headquarters in Cherbourg, and, by interro- there is no further business to come be- back of his head simply by cutting his head gating slave laborers, Free French and Ger- fore the Senate, I now ask unanimous open without any painkiller. About a month man prisoners, obtained and plotted the consent that the Senate stand in recess later, he was returned to the commando and mine fields in Cherbourg harbor. Captain under the previous order. also to work in the mines. Rumors that Walsh carried out the reconnaissance of There being no objection, the Senate, Americans were coming closer began in ports in Brittany from St. Malo to Brest at- April. Late in April, CPL Fielding and sev- at 8:42 p.m., recessed until Thursday, tached to Patton’s Third Army, 8th Corps, May 25, 1995, at 9 a.m. eral other prisoners escaped and hid in a until ordered to carry out the reconnais- bomb shelter. He headed due west. The woods sance of LeHavre with the First Canadian f were full of Germans. Picking up informa- Army on September 12, 1944. Captain Walsh tion of SS troop movements, the group was considers his three most important contribu- NOMINATIONS able to avoid the SS. On April 27th (officially tions to the Invasion of Normandy as; U.S. the 28th) they reached a Yank outpost. CPL Navy Task Unit 127.2.8, the capture of Ger- Executive nominations received by Fielding later learned that those prisoners man mine fields, Cherbourg and the capture the Senate May 24, 1995: who stayed behind were the last to be liber- of Fort duHomet. DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY ated in Europe and when found were in such These are just of few of the brave men who a state that many could hardly walk. A great LINDA LEE ROBERTSON, OF OKLAHOMA, TO BE A DEP- along with women saved the world. Without UTY UNDER SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY, VICE MI- many had died. them and others like them, democracy as we CHAEL B. LEVY, RESIGNED. CAPT FRANK X. RILEY (USCG-RET.) know it, would not exist. We thank them for IN THE MARINE CORPS Captain Riley graduated from the Coast their heroism and salute them one and all. THE FOLLOWING-NAMED AIR FORCE ACADEMY GRAD- Guard Academy on June 19, 1942. He was as- f UATES FOR PERMANENT APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADE signed as Executive Officer on LCI 323 which OF SECOND LIEUTENANT IN THE U.S. MARINE CORPS, was designated as Task Force Command Ship ORDERS FOR THURSDAY, MAY 25, PURSUANT TO TITLE 10, U.S. CODE, SECTION 541: (TFCS) and was the first LCI to leave the 1995 MARINE CORPS States. He served aboard the LCI off the Mr. COCHRAN. Mr. President, I ask To be second lieutenant North African, Italian and Sicilian coasts; as unanimous consent that when the Sen- CHRISTIAN R. FITZPATRICK, 000–00–0000 Commanding Officer of the vessel, he partici- DARREN M. HAMILTON, 000–00–0000 pated in the Normandy Invasion. During the ate completes its business today, it RUSSELL L. HICKS, 000–00–0000 Invasion at Normandy. Captain Riley re- stand in recess until the hour of 9 a.m. NATHAN M. MILLER, 000–00–0000 members that two hundred troops were load- on Thursday, May 25, 1995; that fol- THE FOLLOWING-NAMED U.S. MILITARY ACADEMY GRADUATE FOR PERMANENT APPOINTMENT TO THE ed in the troop compartment. His ship, a sal- lowing the prayer, the Journal of pro- GRADE OF SECOND LIEUTENANT IN THE U.S. MARINE vage vessel saved the lives of 1500 Army per- ceedings be deemed approved to date, CORPS, PURSUANT TO TITLE 10, U.S. CODE, SECTION 541 sonnel and salvaged 30 Landing Craft Per- the time for the two leaders be re- AND 5585: BRETT GREENE, 000–00–0000 sonnel Vehicles (LCPV) and 50 larger vessels served for their use later in the day, known as LCMs. Six New York City fire- and the Senate then immediately pro- THE JUDICIARY fighters were put onboard the Landing Craft- JOSEPH H. MCKINLEY, JR., OF KENTUCKY, TO BE U.S. Infantry (LCI) to control fires. General Omar ceed to a vote on the adoption of the DISTRICT JUDGE FOR THE WESTERN DISTRICT OF KEN- Bradley rode the LCI twice, with his second conference report to accompany H.R. TUCKY VICE RONALD E. MEREDITH, DECEASED. ROBERT H. WHALEY, OF WASHINGTON, TO BE U.S. DIS- ride being to Omaha Beach. 1158, the rescissions bill. TRICT JUDGE FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF WASH- CAPT QUENTIN R. WALSH (USCG-RET.) I further ask unanimous consent that INGTON VICE JUSTIN L. QUACKENBUSH, RETIRED. immediately following the vote on the B. LYNN WINMILL, OF IDAHO, TO BE U.S. DISTRICT Captain Walsh graduated from the Coast JUDGE FOR THE DISTRICT OF IDAHO VICE HAROLD L. Guard Academy in 1933. On December 7, 1941, conference report, the Senate resume RYAN, RETIRED.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00123 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 9801 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — Extensions of Remarks E 1103 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS

AN AMENDMENT TO PROVIDE A gress erred in 1987 by limiting the grandfather as part of a list of acceptable revenue raisers PERMANENT EXTENSION OF THE to 10 years. Unless we reverse that decision that the proposal received any official en- TRANSITION RULE FOR CERTAIN before it takes effect in 1998, those PTP's still dorsement. By that time, most of the affected PUBLICLY TRADED PARTNER- in existence and their owners will face serious PTP's were already in existence. SHIPS hardships with no corresponding benefit to the This raises what I believe is the most impor- Government or the tax system. Our bill merely tant issue in this debate: fairness to the PTP's asks Congress to rethink its decision before HON. AMO HOUGHTON and, more importantly, their owners. The proc- OF NEW YORK any damage is done. ess of converting from a corporation to a PTP IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES I can foresee that some people might view is a costly and time-consuming one, easily Tuesday, May 23, 1995 this proposal as special interest legislation. I strongly disagree. Had we chosen in 1987 to taking over 1 year. The conversion process in- Mr. HOUGHTON. Mr. Speaker, I am joined provide a permanent grandfather for existing volved consultation with investment bankers, today by several of my colleagues, including PTP's, no one would have batted an eye. In- appraisals, planning by corporate finance, se- Mr. KLECZKA, Mr. JACOBS, Mr. CRANE, Mrs. stead, a permanent grandfather in 1987 would curities and tax lawyers, multiple filings with KENNELLY, Mr. SHAW, Mr. HERGER, Mr. have been an appropriate decision for Con- the SEC and State securities agencies, proxy BUNNING, Mr. MCCRERY, and Mr. NEAL, in in- gress to make based on the extent to which statements and shareholder votes, etc. This troducing legislation to permanently extend the existing PTP's relied on the law that was in ef- process would not have been started or com- 10-year grandfather for publicly traded partner- fect when they were created. The fact that the pleted had there been any reasonable pros- ships [PTP's]. This provision applies to those decision was initially made in 1987 should not pect that a change in the tax law would have PTP's that were in existence at the time the stop us from revisiting the issue so long as the applied retroactively or after a limited period of Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1987 original decision has not yet taken effect. time. was passed. We in Congress are called on to make deci- Publicly traded partnerships, sometimes To make matters worse, many of these sions about appropriate transition relief in vir- called master limited partnerships, were first same costs will be incurred once again if the created in the early 1980's. PTP's combined tually every tax bill. Indeed, these types of de- 10-year grandfather is not made permanent. the traditional limited partnership form with the cisions are ones that are particularly suited for Grandfathered PTP's will be forced to convert ability to have the partnership units freely trad- the Members of Congress to make, since they to corporate form on January 1998. To do so, ed on a stock exchange or over the counter. generally involve the balancing of competing however, will require lengthy planning, and the interests rather than technicalities of tax law. In the 1987 act, Congress enacted section same investment banking advice, appraisals, Our proposal is different only because it is 7704 of the Internal Revenue Code. Section and attorney fees. The need for extensive, ad- separate in time from the 1987 act. On the 7704 provides that PTP's generally will be vance planning makes it essential that the other hand, the proposal is generic in scope, taxed as corporations. Section 7704 does not matter be resolved this year. apply, however, to PTP's where 90 percent or applying to any PTP fitting the criteria. We be- more of their income is qualifying income, lieve that it is fair, before the 10-year grand- More important is the effect that loss of the such as from timber, oil and gas, and real es- father expires, to determine whether that deci- grandfather will have on PTP investors. It is a tate. In addition, other PTP's in existence sion was the proper one or whether a perma- virtual certainty that the value of PTP units will when section 7704 was enacted were grand- nent rule would be better. be affected adversely if the grandfather ex- fathered, but only for 10 years, through 1997. Generally, Congress does not place time pires. So it will be the investors that suffer Our bill would extend this grandfather provi- limits on grandfather provisions, other than most. And who are these investors? Most are sion permanently. what might be called project-specific provi- average, middle-class taxpayers who have in- APPROPRIATENESS OF THE 10-YEAR GRANDFATHER sions. The reasoning behind this policy is that vested in PTP units because of their high We believe the 10-year limit on the grand- if taxpayers were justified in relying on the law yield, many before the 1987 act was passed. in effect at the time the taxpayer took action, father for existing PTP's was inappropriate We do not achieve any tax policy goal by then the taxpayers deserve relief from the and unnecessary given the purpose for which retaining the 10-year grandfather. That goal change in the law, not just for a limited period section 7704 was enacted. According to the was fully achieved by making section 7704 but as long as the taxpayer's circumstances committee reports accompanying the 1987 apply prospectively. Instead, all we would ac- do not change. act, section 7704 was intended to stop the complish by retaining the 10-year grandfather REASONS FOR A PERMANENT GRANDFATHER ``long-term erosion of the corporate tax base.'' would be harm to these PTP's and their inves- Some may wonder why these PTP's should Generally, the concern was that much of cor- tors. There is no doubt what our decision be permanently grandfathered. After all, if they porate America would convert to PTP's, there- should be. by causing corporate tax revenues to decline. were taking advantage of so large a loophole There appears to have been no serious de- that Congress had to shut it down, why should In conclusion I want to note the diversity of bate in 1987 over whether limiting the duration they benefit merely because they got in under the PTP's that would benefit from permanent of the grandfather was necessary to address the wire? extension of the grandfather. The PTP's af- these concerns. The truth is that these PTP's did not take fected are involved in a wide variety of indus- There is no question that our purpose in en- advantage of an egregious loophole. PTP's tries, from motels and restaurants to chemi- acting section 7704 was fully achieved by pro- are structured no differently from other types cals, financial advising, and macadamia nuts. spective application of that section. The move- of limited partnerships. They merely combined Undoubtedly, these businesses operate in ment toward use of PTP's had barely begun that basic limited partnership structure with the many of our districts. Of course, our districts by 1987; there were only approximately 120 in ability for the units to be readily traded. The are the homes to the individual investors in existence at that time. It was the snowball ef- problem was thus not a loophole in the tax these PTP's. The most recent count indicates fect of future conversions that we sought to code that needed to be closed retroactively. that there are well over 300,000 individual in- prevent. Prospective application of section These PTP's relied on the law in effect be- vestors. 7704 stopped that snowball effect dead in its fore passage of the 1987 act, and that reli- The 10-year grandfather hangs like a sword tracks. Permanently grandfathering all existing ance was completely reasonable. The first of Damocles over each one of these PTP's. PTP's would have had no effect on this goal proposal directed toward PTP's surfaced in We in Congress have the ability to remove whatsoever. Conversely, limiting the duration 1984, but President Reagan chose not to for- that sword and there is no reason why we of the grandfather to 10 years was unneces- ward it to Congress in his tax reform rec- should not do so. We urge our colleagues to sary to achieve our purpose. ommendations and we did not independently Since prospective application of section take up the idea in 1986. It was only when join with us to support this bill. 7704 achieved our purpose, we believe Con- Treasury proposed section 7704 in mid-1987 Thank you, Mr. Speaker.

∑ This ‘‘bullet’’ symbol identifies statements or insertions which are not spoken by a Member of the Senate on the floor. Matter set in this typeface indicates words inserted or appended, rather than spoken, by a Member of the House on the floor.

VerDate 24-MAY-95 07:05 May 25, 1995 Jkt 099061 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 0626 Sfmt 9920 E:\CR\CRI\E24MY5.REC e24my1 E 1104 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — Extensions of Remarks May 24, 1995 ACADEMY NOMINATIONS FOR U.S. When she was only 18Ðsoon after her Emanuel Axelrod, who succeeded Army as CITIZENS IN THE CNMI 1924 graduation from Middletown High Orange-Ulster BOCES superintendent after SchoolÐshe was invited to try her hand at her retirement in 1974, said upon her passing: HON. ROBERT A. UNDERWOOD teaching. Weary of farm work on the family ``She never wavered when she felt she was OF GUAM estate, she eagerly grasped the opportunity to right. I will never forget her. She was one of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES teach and within the next 15 years, as she the most outstanding people I've known.'' Tuesday, May 23, 1995 taught in one-room schoolhouses, at Amy was chairman of the Orange County Goosetown School in Hamptonburgh and at museumsÐHill Hold and Brick HouseÐthe Mr. UNDERWOOD. Mr. Speaker, today I Cross Roads School in Montgomery, she be- original lands and buildings of her family. She am introducing legislation that will provide the came known county wide as one of the most was well known for presiding at the well-pub- U.S. citizens of the Commonwealth of the outstanding educators in the region. Amy licized Bull family summer reunions which Northern Mariana Islands with the same op- looked after her students like a doting parent, brought together her many relatives from portunity to attend the U.S. military academies arranging dental and eyeglass appointments throughout the United States and the world as is enjoyed by the people of Guam and for those students who needed it, and in many and which on occasion I had the pleasure of other non-State areas of our country. ways making her mark upon the lives whose attending. This bill authorizes the Northern Marianas education was entrusted to her expertise and Amy, the widow of the late Clarence H. Resident Representative, the official elected at compassion. Subsequently she served as prin- Crist, is survived by a large family including large to represent the Commonwealth before cipal at Goodwill School. By the time of her re- her sister, Molly B. Bazemore of Augusta, GA; the Federal Government, to nominate can- tirement in the mid-1970's, Amy had risen to two nieces, including Mary Ann Cohen of Go- didates to fill one vacancy at each of the three become our region's top education adminis- shen, NY; four nephews, including Michael K. military academies. trator, serving not only as district superintend- Brown of Campbell Hall, NY, and William Bull Currently, the people of the Northern Mari- ent of schools for Orange and Ulster County, Brown of Middletown; 19 great-nieces and anas face restricted access to West Point, An- but also as district superintendent and execu- great-nephews; and 13 great-great nieces and napolis, and Colorado Springs. As U.S. citi- tive officer for the Board of Cooperative Edu- great-great nephews. zens, they are eligible for nomination to the cational Services [BOCES]. I often relied upon Amy for advice and as- military academies. The Northern Marianas, sistance in many of my responsibilities in the however, is without representation here in Recognizing that our young people are our most valuable resource, Amy determined that Congress. She always had a patient ear, a Congress. Therefore, the normal route to keen insight, and a helping hand. academy appointmentsÐnomination by a education was the most worthwhile endeavor to which she could devote herself. Her lifelong Amy left us this past weekend; peacefully in MemberÐis barred to these Americans. her sleep at her home, Brick CastleÐthe The proposal to rectify this situation has re- career as an educator was a living testament to those who cherish this investment in our fu- same home in which she was born 89 years ceived considerable prior study. Extending the earlier! authority for nominations was recommended in ture. As a grade school teacher, a school su- perintendent, and as a trustee of our Orange Our county, our region, and our State will 1985 by the Commission on Federal Laws that long miss Orange County's First Lady, Amy Congress established to determine what Fed- County Community College which she was so instrumental in funding, Amy Bull Crist Bull Crist. eral statutes should apply to the Northern Mar- Mr. Speaker, I call upon all of my col- ianas. touched the lives of thousands of students. She served as founder and first superintended leagues to join with me in paying tribute to a There is also precedent for this authority to truly remarkable lady. be grated to elected officials who are not of Orange-Ulster BOCES for many years prior Members of Congress. Under present law, the to her 1974 retirement, and the affection and f respect in which the community held her is un- Governor of Puerto Rico can make nomina- A TRIBUTE TO JAMES SMITH tions, as could the Governor of the Canal derscored by the fact that the BOCES com- Zone before that area was returned to Pan- plex is named in her honor. ama. As was typical of Amy's style, she never HON. JERRY LEWIS Passage of the bill that I am introducing satisfied herself by resting on her laurels. She OF CALIFORNIA today will help ensure that the youth of the continued to teach evening and summer class- IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Northern Marianas have equal access to the es at New York University, the State Univer- Tuesday, May 23, 1995 important opportunity our military academies sity College at New Paltz, and at Orange Mr. LEWIS of California. Mr. Speaker, I provide for both higher education and service County Community College in Middletown. would like to bring to your attention the fine to our Nation. Amy was one of the last of her generation: work and outstanding public service of Mr. f a generation which saw Orange County James Smith of Ridgecrest, CA. Jim, a dedi- progress from the farming area which her fam- cated professional and longtime community THE PASSING OF MRS. AMY BULL ily helped to pioneer to the fastest-growing re- CRIST activist, is retiring as the manager of Adminis- gion of New York State. Throughout the many tration for North American Chemical Co. A changes which Amy witnessed in her lifetime, tribute dinner will be held in his honor on June HON. BENJAMIN A. GILMAN she remained constant in her beliefs that 2 to honor his more than 40 years of support OF NEW YORK those who are more fortunate have a moral to the chemical industry. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES responsibility to help neighbors enjoy more Jim Smith graduated from Loyola University Tuesday, May 23, 1995 productive lives and live up to their potential. in Los Angeles in 1954 and served 2 years in Mr. GILMAN. Mr. Speaker, it is with deep Amy's philanthropic and civic endeavors in the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Following regret that I inform our colleagues of the pass- so many important activities, including Occu- graduation, Jim went to work for American ing of a remarkable woman Orange County's pations, Inc., the Orange County Mental Potash and Chemical Corp. where he served first lady, Mrs. Amy Bull Crist of Orange Health Association, the Goshen Historic Track, in supervisory and management positions at Count, NY, this past weekend, at the age of the proposed Youth Facility for the Town of plants across the country. In 1967, Jim went 89. Wallkill, the American Heart Association, and to work for Kerr McGee Chemical Corp. of Amy Bull Crist born on March 9, 1906 in so many other worthwhile endeavors, helped Trona where for 23 years he fulfilled critical Brick Castle, her home in Stony Ford, NY, make a better life for all of us. functions relating to labor relations, environ- was a lifelong resident of Orange County. The Amy also remained active with the Arbore- mental relations, and community relations. In building in which she was born was built by tum Committee for Orange County Park; the 1990, Jim went to work at North American William Bull and Sarah Wells, her direct an- Montgomery Grange; the Presbyterian Church Chemical Co. where he has served as man- cestors, who in 1718 became the first Euro- in Hamptonburgh; and the Emeriti Association ager of Administration and Regulatory Affairs pean couple married in what is now Orange of Orange County Community College. She and most recently, as special assistant for County, NY. was an honorary member of the Order of the public affairs. As the daughter of Orange County's oldest Eastern Star in Walden. She organized the To say the least, Jim has played an extraor- and most illustrious family, Amy Bull Crist Amy Bull Crist Reading Association, the Amy dinary and active role in our community. He is could have opted for a life of leisure. Instead, Bull Crist Youth-in-Government Association, a board member of the Fire Mountain Founda- at an early age she determined to devote her and the Orange County Farmers Association tion, the Ridgecrest Chamber of Commerce, life to the service of others. and Museum. the Chemical Industry Council of California,

VerDate 24-MAY-95 07:05 May 25, 1995 Jkt 099061 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 0626 Sfmt 9920 E:\CR\CRI\E24MY5.REC e24my1 May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — Extensions of Remarks E 1105 the Desert Empire Fair, and the Maturango Since 1987, he managed the Army Corps named the 1995 Missouri Small Business Per- Museum. In addition, he has also served as Nashville District's public information, media son of the Year, and to wish him and the em- an elected trustee of the Trona Joint Unified relations and community relations program in ployees of R.C. Wilson Co. continued suc- School District, and as a board member for a 7-State area. I cannot think of anyone who cess. the Council on Substance Abuse Awareness knew how to promote an event better. f and the Searles Valley Community Service In Corps events and groundbreakings in my Council. Jim is also a past member of the San district, Stoney always amazed us with some- HONORING VICE ADM. THOMAS J. Bernardino County Air Pollution Control Advi- thing new, creative and exciting. His style KILCLINE, USN RETIRED sory Council and a member of the Kern Coun- blazed a trail for all to follow and his legacy ty Air Pollution Central District Hearing Board. will be long remembered. HON. JAMES P. MORAN Mr. Speaker, I ask that you join me, our col- Stoney was more than just a top-notch pub- OF VIRGINIA leagues, Jim's wife, Grace, and his family and lic relations man. He was a veteran newsman, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES many friends in recognizing his many fine and even more importantly, a war hero. Tuesday, May 23, 1995 achievements and selfless contributions. Over During his 23 years of service in the U.S. the years, Jim Smith has touched the lives of Marine Corps, he served two combat tours in Mr. MORAN. Mr. Speaker, today I rise to many people and it is only fitting that the Vietnam, where he served as a combat jour- pay tribute to Vice Adm. Thomas J. Kilcline, House of Representatives recognize him nalist. Among his awards were two Purple USN [Retired] on the eve of his retirement today. Hearts, Legion of Merit Medal, Meritorious from his position as president of The Retired f Service Medal, the Bronze Star with Combat Officers Association. Because of his many ac- ``V'' Medal and several other awards. complishments, I consider it appropriate to for- CONGRATULATIONS TO THE As a newsman, Stoney started in the mili- mally recognize him for his more than 50 PATCHOGUE FIRE DEPARTMENT tary, but carried on his tradition of excellence years of service to this Nation. at the ``The Smithville Review'' and then as Admiral Kilcline was born in Detroit, MI, on HON. MICHAEL P. FORBES publisher and editor of the ``Carthage, TN December 9, 1925. He enlisted in the U.S. OF NEW YORK Courier.'' Navy in 1943, graduated from the U.S. Naval IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES I am proud of Stoney Merriman. He was Academy in 1949, and was designated a committed, honest and hard working in every- Tuesday, May 23, 1995 naval aviator in November 1950 after which he thing he didÐwhether it was a Corps event flew with VR±5 until 1953. Admiral Kilcline at- Mr. FORBES. Mr. Speaker, I rise today to placing his life in harm's way to protect and tended the Naval Postgraduate School and congratulate the Patchogue Fire Department defend his country. He was a joy to be with, later Massachusetts Institute of Technology, on 115 years of excellent service to the resi- and his service must always be remembered. where he earned a masters degree in aero- dents of the village of Patchogue and the East f nautical engineering in 1956. Patchogue Fire Protection District. I would like He then joined Heavy Attack Squadron TRIBUTE TO JIM HENRY to extend my applause to the Southern New Nine, serving on the Saratoga and Ranger. In York Volunteer Firemen's Association on cele- 1959, he was assigned to the staff of the com- brating the 100th anniversary of their conven- HON. JAMES M. TALENT mander Sixth Fleet. He completed the com- tion. OF MISSOURI mand and staff course at the Naval War Col- The Patchogue Fire Department has estab- IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES lege and in 1962 completed test pilot school. lished a tradition as one of the oldest and fin- Tuesday, May 23, 1995 He was later assigned as coordinator of test est fire departments in New York. The firemen Mr. TALENT. Mr. Speaker, I rise today to programs for all attack aircraft at the Naval Air of Patchogue are among the best trained and offer my congratulations to Jim Henry, a con- Test Center. In January 1965, Kilcline reported bravest fire fighters in New York as well. stituent of mine who was recently awarded the to Heavy Attack Squadron Eleven [VAH±11] These firemen regularly risk their lives to pro- Small Business Administration's ``1995 Small aboard the Forestall. He commanded an tect and serve the people of Patchogue. Upon Business Person of the Year'' award for the RA5C squadron deployed to the Vietnam the- examining their impeccable service record, it State of Missouri. ater. He returned to the staff of the com- is no surprise that the Patchogue Fire Depart- Ten years ago Mr. Henry left his job with mander Naval Air Force, U.S. Atlantic Fleet in ment has been protecting the village of Emerson Electric and bought R.C. Wilson Co., August 1967, and a year later was assigned Patchogue so well for 115 years. a small collection agency in St. Louis, MO. At as operations officer and later executive officer On Friday, June 9, 1995, the men and the time Mr. Henry bought R.C. Wilson he had aboard the U.S.S. Ticonderoga [CVA±14] dur- women of the Patchogue Fire Department will no small business experience or background, ing operations off Vietnam. He then became celebrate at the 100th Annual Convention of but he did have a can-do philosophy, which program manager for acquisition and support the Southern New York Volunteer Firemen's has helped him build one of the most success- of the RA±5C aircraft, Naval Air Systems Association. This association, which rep- ful collection companies in our city. Over the Command. In October 1970, he was named resents the volunteer and exempt firemen of past 10 years, sales, employment, and clien- director of liaison with the House of Rep- the nine southern counties, stands as evi- tele at R.C. Wilson have grown significantly. resentatives under the Navy Office of Legisla- dence that New York does in fact have among Sales have increased by 200 percent, while tive Affairs. the best firemen in the Nation. employment at R.C. Wilson have grown from From August 1972 until May 1974, Kilcline f 25 to 118. At the same time, his company's was commanding officer, Naval Air Station, REMEMBERING A HERO, HUMBLE collection success rate is over 30 percentÐ Patuxent River, MD. He was then assigned as SERVANT higher than the 22 percent average for the in- director of aviation officer distribution, aviation dustry. captain detailer and later, assistant chief of HON. HAROLD ROGERS Mr. Henry explains his success this way: Naval Personnel, Officer Distribution and Edu- ``The way a business owner treats employees cation. In August 1975, he assumed command OF KENTUCKY makes or breaks a business. The key to long- of Naval Base Subic Bay with duties as com- IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES term success is to treat your employees with mander in chief Pacific representative in the Tuesday, May 23, 1995 dignity and always maintain the highest level Philippines and commander U.S. Naval Mr. ROGERS. Mr. Speaker, the Army Corps of integrity and honesty in all dealings.'' This Forces, Philippines. He became chief, Legisla- of Engineers, our southern region and the na- attitude is reflected in the companies em- tive Affairs in February 1978 and in July 1981, tion lost a humble servant, war hero and good ployee benefit policies. R.C. Wilson Co. has a was assigned as commander Naval Air friend when Mitchell ``Stoney'' Merriman died generous tuition reimbursement program Forces, U.S. Atlantic Fleet, He retired from the last week from complications of an inoperable which enables many employees to continue Navy in 1983. brain tumor. their education through post-graduate levels. His awards include the Distinguished Serv- Originally from White County, Tennessee, The company also provides an annual schol- ice Medal; the Legion of Merit with three gold Stoney wrote the book on public relationsÐlit- arship for Missouri Business Week to the child stars; the Bronze Star; the Air Medal; and erally. A published author, newsman and writ- of one employee. The company also shares awards from the governments of the Phil- er, Stoney had such a creative and innovative profits with its employees. ippines and the Republic of Vietnam. style that he wrote a how-to book for the Mr. Speaker, I want to close by again offer- Following retirement, Admiral Kilcline formed Corps that is used nationwide today. ing Mr. Henry my congratulations on being a military and congressional consulting firm

VerDate 24-MAY-95 07:05 May 25, 1995 Jkt 099061 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 0626 Sfmt 9920 E:\CR\CRI\E24MY5.REC e24my1 E 1106 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — Extensions of Remarks May 24, 1995 which he disestablished when he became the Right Choice Program, which teaches chil- married Anton Otto Braden, Jr. in October TROA president in December 1986. Through dren that with everything there is a right and 1948, and has 5 children, 10 grandchildren, his stewardship, The Retired Officers Associa- a wrong choice. It is the only elementary and 1 great-grandchild. Mrs. Braden began tion played a pivotal role in convincing Con- school with a choir, orchestra, and band in the working with Pasadena Independent School gress to enact several legislative initiatives to Pasadena Independent School District. The District in 1971, and will be retiring from the maintain readiness and improve the quality of entire staff at Bailey Elementary School works cafeteria staff of Bailey this year. life for all members of the military commu- together with one goal in mind: To make every Mrs. Braden has lived in Pasadena since nityÐactive, reserve and retired, plus their child a winner. 1960. Currently three of her children and one families and survivors. I won't describe all of These three individuals, Patricia Ann Autrey grandchild live with her. Her daughter Cynthia his accomplishments, but will briefly focus on Hawkins, Rebecca Faye Dorsett Buck, and said, in a tribute to her mother, that: a few to illustrate the breadth of his concern Pauline Sophie Trojanowski Braden, have She would not hesitate to give anything for military people. demonstrated their commitment to this goal she has to anyone of her family with no Under his direction, TROA supported and to the students of Bailey Elementary. thought of asking for repayment. She comes strengthening the underpinning of the Mont- Mrs. Hawkins was born on July 22, 1938. from a large family and does not consider gomery GI Bill and thus provided a solid foun- Her parents devoted their lives to public edu- this living arrangement as cramped as some cation, spending over 75 years in the class- might think. I might even go as far to say dation for our Nation's future leaders by plac- she is happy because this is her family. Lit- ing the wherewithal for a college education on room or administration, so it was no surprise when Patricia attended Sam Houston State tle does mother know she is giving up some- the horizons of more than 1 million young men thing which is totally unknown to her, and and women who otherwise might have been Teachers College and the University of Hous- as of now it may never be known to her. denied that opportunity. He was ever mindful ton. She received her bachelor degree in edu- That is total peace mind. And even if she was of the adverse effects on morale and retention cation from Sam Houston in 1959. Her first aware of what she might be missing, she caused by broken commitments and inad- teaching experience began with the Houston would choose to give it up for her family equate compensation and forcefully cham- Independent School District, but she moved to anyway. pioned the causes of fairness and equity. His Pasadena Independent School District after Mrs. Braden will be sorely missed for her leadership efforts to preserve the long-stand- only one semester. She taught at Red Bluff El- warmth, dedication, and friendship to Bailey ing commitment to lifetime care in military ementary for 5 years, before she and her fam- Elementary, its staff, and its students. health care facilities, to fight perennial threats ily moved to Austin for her husband to com- I congratulate Mrs. Hawkins, Mrs. Buck, and to retiree cost of living adjustments and to pro- plete his graduate studies. Mrs. Hawkins re- Mrs. Braden on their combined 73 years of vide adequate military pay raises are some of turned to Pasadena in 1969 and began her service to the Pasadena School District and to his other significant contributions. Most re- career again at Bailey Elementary School as a the Pasadena community. I wish them the cently, he fought and won the battle for a tran- fourth grade teacher. She never left. very best as they enjoy their retirement, and I Mrs. Hawkins' dedication to education was sition plan that provides a comprehensive ben- am certain they all will be missed at Bailey El- not limited to the classroom, however. She re- efits package for those personnel and their ementary. mained active in the Texas State Teachers families who are forced out of active service Association, the Pasadena Junior Forum, f as a result of the force structure drawdown Delta Kappa Gamma, and First United Meth- ON THE OCCASION OF THE ALLI- that, hopefully, is in its final stages. odist Church. She served as a grade-level One of Tom's added strengths has been his ANCE FOR JUSTICE HONORING chairman and on numerous faculty committees TOM STODDARD lovely wife of 44 years, the former Dornell at Bailey, and she was also honored with a Thompson of Pensacola, FL. Dornell has Texas lifetime membership to the PTA. Mrs. stood steadfastly at his side, championing the Hawkins also found time to complete her own HON. HENRY A. WAXMAN cause of military people, particularly their fami- education, and she received her masters de- OF CALIFORNIA lies and survivors, everywhere. For these con- gree from Southwest Texas State Teachers IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tributions, we owe her a debt of gratitude, as College in 1965. Tuesday, May 23, 1995 well. Mrs. Hawkins and her husband Sam have Mr. WAXMAN. Mr. Speaker, on May 23, the Tom and Dornell live in McLean, VA. They remained in the Pasadena area for over 30 Alliance for JusticeÐa coalition of organiza- have had four children: Captain Tom, Jr., an years. Their children, Malcolm and Melissa, tions with a history of working for equal jus- F±14 pilot now in the Navy Chair at the Na- continue to live in Texas. Mrs. Hawkins will re- ticeÐhonored Tom Stoddard for his long ca- tional War College; Lieutenant Patrick, lost in tire from Pasadena Independent School Dis- reer. I want to take the opportunity to do so as an F±14 accident off the U.S.S. Constellation, trict and Bailey Elementary on May 29, 1995, well. Lieutenant Kathleen, a navy doctor killed in an after 31 years in public education. auto accident; and Mary, wife of Commander Rebecca Faye Dorsett Buck was born on Now is precisely the right time to honor Tom Bob Novak, a P±3 pilot assigned as a pro- September 4, 1938, and moved to Houston at Stoddard. gram manager in the Naval Air Systems Com- the age of 6. He graduated from Galena Park This Congress is dominated by politicians mand in Washington, DC. High School in 1956 and married her hus- who would have us march backward and have I wish to extend my heartfelt appreciation for band, Ronald Buck, in December 1957. Mrs. us repeal the progress of the last 25 years, his numerous contributions to military people Buck waited until her three children, Ronald, especially the ideals of equal justice. everywhere and my best wishes for continued Teresa, and Terrie, were in high school before But Tom embodies a different philosophy, success in all of his endeavors. she started to work in the Pasadena School one first said by Frederick Douglass: ``Those f District. She began in the visual handicap pro- who profess to favor freedom, and yet dep- gram in 1975, and after taking 1 year off, she recate agitation, are men who want crops IN RECOGNITION OF THREE BAI- returned to complete 19 years working at Bai- without plowing up the ground. If there is no LEY ELEMENTARY SCHOOL RE- ley Elementary School, her latest position as a struggle, there is no progress.'' TIREES member of the office staff. In that spirit, Tom has worked and strug- Mrs. Buck has also dedicated herself to ac- gled. For years after the Nation decided that HON. KEN BENTSEN tivities outside the school, including the race discrimination, sex discrimination, reli- OF TEXAS Central Baptist Church. She has a great talent gious discrimination, and finally disability dis- IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES for decorating and is very creative with arts, crimination were all wrongÐdiscrimination crafts, and floral arrangements. Mrs. Buck also against gay men and lesbians is not just al- Tuesday, May 23, 1995 spends a great deal of time entertaining her lowed, it is encouraged, it is joked about, it is Mr. BENTSEN. Mr. Speaker, I would like to six grandchildren. expected. recognize the longstanding service and dedi- According to her coworkers and friends, Tom has worked against that, working for cation of three employees of the William F. Mrs. Buck goes out of her way to help anyone what the opposition calls ``the special rights for Bailey Elementary School of Pasadena, TX, and treats everyone equally. She has main- gay people.'' He has worked for the ``special who will retire at the end of this month. tained the respect and admiration of the fac- right'' to work if you are qualified; the ``special Bailey Elementary has provided an excellent ulty, administration, and students during her right'' to live in the privacy of your home with education to the thousands of students that 19 years at Bailey. those you love; the ``special right'' to have have passed through its doors in its 37-year Pauline Sophie Trojanowski Braden was families; the ``special right'' to speak your history. Bailey was the first school to establish born on February 6, 1931, in Sealy, TX. She mind; the ``special right'' to serve your country;

VerDate 24-MAY-95 07:05 May 25, 1995 Jkt 099061 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 0626 Sfmt 9920 E:\CR\CRI\E24MY5.REC e24my1 May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — Extensions of Remarks E 1107 and the ``special right'' to have photographs on fied as being those of 2d Lt. Wayland E. Ben- protection of Catholics in the Serb stronghold. your desk, to have picnics in public places, nett. The board appointed to review the matter The senseless attacks in Banja Luka have and to care for your friends who are sick. He after all tests were completed acted with char- been roundly condemned by Pope John Paul has worked for the ``special right'' to be free acteristic military thoroughness and on August II. and equal and unafraid in America. 23, 1994, confirmed positive identification of Mr. Speaker, these tragic developments are Tom has done all this by speaking, teach- the remains as being those of 2d Lt. Wayland but the latest examples of the campaign of ing, advocating, organizing, and writing. He E. Bennett, USMC. Lt. Bennett's nearest survi- death and destruction directed against inno- has been a model for young people who care vors were so informed, and on September 16, cent civilians by the Bosnian Serb militants in about progress, and he has been a reminder 1994, 2d Lt. Wayland E. Bennett's remains Banja Luka and elsewhere in Bosnia and for older people that not all justice has yet were interred in the family plot in Texarkana, Herzegovina. been done. Tom is the kind of American who TX. Dr. Bookout continued to act as the Ben- f has made the Nation make the quantum leap nett family representative until the interment. TRIBUTE TO WILLIAM K. WATERS from thinking about gay civil rights as a fringe I know I speak for all Members of Congress issue to gay civil rights as a fundamental when I say the selflessness and dedication of issue. Mr. Bowden and Dr. Bookout deserves rec- HON. JACK REED The Alliance for Justice has made these ognition. I hope you will join me in extending OF RHODE ISLAND leaps before, leading the Nation closer to lib- best wishes to them, as well as to the families IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES erty and justice for all. I am pleased to join of Lieutenant Bennett. I am proud that their ef- Tuesday, May 23, 1995 with the Alliance in honoring Tom Stoddard as forts led to his return. Mr. REED. Mr. Speaker, I rise today to pay a pioneer in that fight, and as a man whose f tribute to a gentleman who has dedicated his work has changed politics for the better and life to one of our Nation's most honorable and forever. CATHOLICS UNDER ATTACK IN arduous professions: teaching. Mr. William K. f BANJA LUKA Waters has been a social studies teacher at Park View Junior High School in Cranston, RI, TRIBUTE TO 2D LT. WAYLAND E. HON. CHRISTOPHER H. SMITH for his entire 31 year tenure with the Cranston BENNETT, USMC OF NEW JERSEY public school system. At the end of this school IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES year, Mr. Waters will retire after his many HON. STEVE LARGENT Tuesday, May 23, 1995 years of teaching. OF OKLAHOMA Mr. Waters first went to Park View as a stu- IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. Mr. Speaker, dent teacher while studying at Rhode Island today I want to bring to the attention of my Tuesday, May 23, 1995 College in 1963. The following year, he re- colleagues the deteriorating conditions in the turned to Park View as a full-time social stud- Mr. LARGENT. Mr. Speaker, I rise today to region of Banja Luka in northern Bosnia. It ies teacher. He quickly became immersed in pay tribute to 2d Lt. Wayland E. Bennett, a seems the latest atrocities committed by this dynamic school, and soon his duties ex- Marine Corps pilot who perished on a training Bosnian Serb militants, who control the area, tended far beyond the classroom. mission during World War II, but was only re- are directed at Catholic Church leaders and Mr. Waters has worked tirelessly with stu- cently brought back to this country for burial. Catholic believers, who are primarily Croats. dents on Park View's award winning yearbook The story of his return is a remarkable tale of These attacks come on the heels of Croatia's for over 20 years. As the ninth grade class ad- friendship and dedication and deserving of efforts to regain control over some of its terri- visor for 28 years, Mr. Waters' encouragement special recognition. tory occupied by the Croatian Serb militants and guidance instilled qualities of responsibility Mr. Bennett was a young man of 18 when since 1991. Around 40,000 Croats still live in and leadership. However, Mr. Waters' legacy he left home to join the war effort in the South northern Bosnia despite significant ethnic to Park View will be most remembered as ad- Pacific. In 1943 he was commissioned a sec- cleansing by the Serbs. An estimated 50,000 visor to the student council, a position he has ond lieutenant in the Marine Corps and was Croats and hundreds of thousands of Mos- held for 29 years. sent to a small island 1,200 miles northeast of lems have been expelled from this region Park View's student council has long been Australia to complete his training and join the alone during the past 3 years. the envy of junior high schools throughout elite Black Sheep Squadron of fighter pilots. In one recent incident in Banja Luka, a Rhode Island. The council's many longstand- On October 22, 1943 his Corsair crashed into priest and nun were reportedly doused with ing traditions and services have benefited stu- a jungle area of the island too dense and too gasoline and set on fire in the parish rectory dents, teachers, and the community. Students dangerous to risk a patrol. The wreckage and as militants blew up the parish church building chosen by their peers to represent their class Mr. Bennett's remains were considered by the next door. This tragic act of barbarity is part of on the student council have managed school military to be unrecoverable. a larger campaign directed against the Catho- stores, a student handbook, all-school dances, But the story doesn't end there, thanks in lic community in the diocese of Banja Luka. the ninth grade dance, and fundraisers. Over- large measure to the devotion of Mr. Robert On May 4, militants forcibly expelled nuns seen by the always attentive and dedicated Bowden of Texarkana, TX. He refused to let from two convents in the region. Since that Mr. Waters, these were not merely student ac- his memories of his childhood friend end with time, a total of five churches and one mon- tivities, they fostered a cooperative and active a plane crash in the jungle. In 1988, he began astery have been destroyed. In all, since the student body within the Park View community. a friendship with Dr. Dan Bookout, and to- beginning of the war, 40 churches in the dio- And for the students fortunate enough to gether the two men decided to search for the cese have been completely destroyed and an- serve on the council, it served as a life-long wreckage. Enlisting family, friends, and strang- other 25 have sustained heavy damage. lesson. Someone believed that at their age ers alike, Mr. Bowden and Dr. Bookout began The bishop of Banja Luka, Franjo Komarcia, they could be trusted with money, to carry out to raise money and to organize an expedition has repeatedly called upon the Bosnian Serb responsibilities, and to deliver results. Leader- to the South Pacific to scour the jungle for the leadership to stop the attacks. These pleas ship and commitment are not easily learned, plane. have fallen on deaf ears. Bishop Komarica, in but Mr. Waters not only encouraged these, he Dr. Bookout led his teams of volunteer an open appeal, described the current situa- expected them. searchers on four trips to Vanuatu, the first in tion in his diocese: ``Fear and panic, for their The student council's organizational skills 1988. He made friends with and enlisted na- lives, has overcome the Catholics remaining in and resources also benefited the local com- tives to aid in the searches. The team endured the area because they are totally unprotected munity. The Meeting Street Center, the Heart many hardships and dangers in the jungles, from the local and newly arrived Serbian ex- Association, the R.I. Lung Association, and each trip bringing them nearer to their objec- tremists. They are virtually [sic] hostages and Rhode Island's senior citizens have all come tive as they eliminated improbable sites. Then are faced with the real threat of immediate ca- to recognize that Park View is not just another in March and April of 1994, local villagers as- tastrophe or widespread banishment.'' Bishop junior high school. At the same time, students sisting in excavating a crash site told the Komarica began a hunger strike recently to were able to learn about life beyond the con- CILHI team that they knew of another crash draw attention to the gravity of the situation fines of classes, teachers, and friends. site and led the CILHI team to this site. From faced by the Catholic community in Banja Of course, none of this would have been April 2 to 5, 1994, the CILHI team conducted Luka. Late last week, an urgent appeal was possible had someone not taken on the enor- an excavation of this newly revealed crash site sent to the head of the Serbian Orthodox mous responsibility of going beyond the after- and recovered the remains tentatively identi- Church urging his intervention to ensure the noon school bell. Junior high school teachers

VerDate 24-MAY-95 07:05 May 25, 1995 Jkt 099061 PO 00000 Frm 00005 Fmt 0626 Sfmt 9920 E:\CR\CRI\E24MY5.REC e24my1 E 1108 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — Extensions of Remarks May 24, 1995 are a rate commodity. They face challenges in when Marfa took center stage and dozens of life and from all economic strata, and they the classroom that go far beyond textbooks, people from Hollywood descended upon the range in age from elementary students to sen- homework, and grades, Mr. Waters is a dedi- town. ior citizens. However, these volunteers all cated professional who went beyond the call This reunion will be another historic moment have one attribute in common: they ask for no of duty and always bestowed any credit to his for Marfa. The citizens of Marfa have shown compensation other than the good feeling they students. faith and resolve in putting together what is got from helping their fellow citizens. Mr. Waters has gotten to know many gen- sure to be a grand event. Congratulations and One such volunteer is Joseph Peterson, of erations of young adults growing up in eastern good luck to the community of Marfa. Carlton, MN in my congressional district. Mr. Cranston. His guidance and devotion is dem- f Peterson is an amateur scholar in American onstrated by the caliber of students who have history, particularly in the history of the Presi- graduated. Prepared academically when they A TRIBUTE TO JOHN BUDD dency. He is an amateur in the root sense of graduated to high school, these young adults the word: he is a true lover of his chosen field were also prepared to be role models and HON. VIC FAZIO of study. Like all volunteers, Mr. Peterson does not leaders for other students. Mr. Waters is an in- OF CALIFORNIA hide his light under a bushel. He happily stitution, and will always be fondly recalled by IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES his students, their parents, and his colleagues. shares his knowledge of our Government and Tuesday, May 23, 1995 Mr. Speaker, I ask my colleagues to join me our Presidents with schools, churches, social in saluting Mr. Waters' service to Park View Mr. FAZIO of California. Mr. Speaker, I rise groups, and libraries in Carlton County and Junior High School and commend him as a to express my sincere condolences to the throughout Minnesota. A democratic society teacher, an advisor, and a person. Mr. Waters family of John Budd, the Regional Liaison for relies on an educated electorate, and Joseph is truly a role model for future teachers and the Bureau of Reclamation's Mid-Pacific Re- Peterson is one man in one American commu- students, and I would like to wish him contin- gional Office in Sacramento, CA. John passed nity who is doing what he can to inform, edu- ued success in retirement. away on April 18. His loss is a tremendous cate, and stimulate interest in our democratic process. f blow to the Bureau and to the Federal service. In many ways, John Budd was the Bureau Mr. Speaker, I would like at this time to A TRIBUTE TO MARFA ON THE of Reclamation in Sacramento. He was re- share with you and my colleagues a news- 40TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE sponsible for communicating the Bureau's poli- paper article about Mr. Peterson from the MOVIE ‘‘GIANT’’ cies, programs, and activities to congressional, Cloquet Journal and a sampling of the letters State and local decisionmakers. He was the I have received recognizing his activities in the HON. HENRY BONILLA face that went with the Bureau. community. I'm sure you will join me in rec- John was always very helpful to me and my ognizing the importance of this volunteer's OF TEXAS contribution to our society. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES staff. John had a tremendous instinct when it came to seeing issues developing on the hori- [From the Cloquet Minnesota Journal] Tuesday, May 23, 1995 zon. John was almost always the first person PRESIDENTIAL BUFF CONTINUES HOBBY Mr. BONILLA. Mr. Speaker, 40 years ago to give me a ``heads up'' on problems so we (By Wendy Rockvam) the town of Marfa, TX, joined with Hollywood could deal with them before they reached the February is the month the nation tradi- to bring to life ``Giant,'' the classic movie crisis stage. tionally honors its presidents. For one etched in the minds of so many Americans as John was a long-time Bureau employee. He Cloquet resident, however, Presidents’ Day is a year-round observance. a tale of trial and tribulation. This May 27, joined the Bureau in 1965 as part of the con- Joe Peterson, a presidential history buff Marfa will have the pleasure of hosting a re- struction crew for the San Luis Unit. Prior to whose pursuits have taken him to President turn engagement of this memorable classic his appointment as Regional Liaison, John Bush’s State of the Union Address and Presi- with some of the original cast and crew joining was a repayment specialist responsible for ne- dent Clinton’s Inauguration, has been inter- in the celebration. gotiating and administering water service and ested in the lives of the presidents since he Many of us recall the family saga which fea- repayment contracts for water deliveries from was in second grade. During that year, Presi- tures Hollywood greats Rock Hudson and Eliz- the Central Valley Project. John's fellow em- dent Kennedy was assassinated, and Peter- son put together a detailed report on it for abeth Taylor. We especially remember James ployees honored him many times during his his class at school. His teacher gave his ef- Dean, a young actor who was relatively un- years of service, perhaps most notably with forts high praise, and thus began a lifetime known back in the summer of 1955 and had the Department of Interior's prestigious Supe- interest in the presidential office and those just finished filming another movie ``Rebel rior Service Award. who have held it. Without a Cause.'' The formal accolades are important be- Peterson’s hobby has involved an extensive Five years ago, Presidio County Judge Jake cause they are the official markers of John's amount of reading and study as well as a Brisbin came up with the idea to host a distinguished career. The real touchstone of vast amount of correspondence. He has re- ``Giant'' reunion. Marfa Chamber of Commerce ceived Christmas cards, birthday cards, and John's career is the lasting impression he autographed photos of several presidents, manager, Sheila Lujan and many others in the made on the lives of the people who sur- and he is constantly on the lookout for presi- community have been very busy planning this rounded him. dential memorabilia of all sorts. exciting event. A few months ago, however, a Mr. Speaker, I am glad to have had the op- Peterson said he tries to view presidents as fire swept through the Marfa City Hall, damag- portunity to work with John Budd. We will all people rather than political figures and finds ing the theater and dampening hopes that the miss his professionalism, but more impor- them all fascinating in their own respect. reunion would take place. However, the peo- tantly, we will miss his friendship. His personal favorites are Pierce (‘‘He kept ple of Marfa didn't stop for a minute and now, the same cabinet for all four years of his f presidency’’) and Polk (‘‘He was the only their dream will become a reality. Speaker of the House to go on to become The reunion will include a barbecue and JOE PETERSON: TEACHER, President’’). look-alike contest at the Riata Ranch, a SCHOLAR, VOLUNTEER He is also a collector of presidential trivia. screening of ``Giant'' and a roundtable discus- ‘‘For example,’’ he asked ‘‘did you know sion on the famous movie. Robert Hinkle, who that there are only three states—Ohio, Ne- HON. JAMES L. OBERSTAR braska, and Hawaii—that actually recognize taught James Dean and actress Fran Bennett OF MINNESOTA how to rope for the movie, will serve as a pan- all the presidents on President’s Day? All IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the others honor only Washington and Lin- elist. Tuesday, May 23, 1995 coln.’’ Sponsored by the Marfa Chamber of Com- ‘‘Another thing I’ve uncovered that most merce, the Big Bend Quarterly, and the Cibolo Mr. OBERSTAR. Mr. Speaker, in these days people don’t know,’’ he said, ‘‘is the fact that Creek Ranch, the 40th anniversary ``Giant'' re- when we hear too many voices ask ``What's in no left-handed president has ever been re- union will truly be unforgettable. it for me?'' It is always refreshing to hear of elected to office. President Clinton, by the ``Giant'' brought the spotlight to west Texas those who freely donate their time and efforts way, is left handed. . . .’’ and showed America the culture and history of for the good of their fellow citizensÐin other BILLY GRAHAM this unique area. The movie's plot helped de- words, volunteers. EVANGELISTIC ASSOCIATION, fine what Americans today perceive as the Volunteers can be found in every commu- Minneapolis, MN. modern-day oilman. Many Marfans, too, still nity. They are both male and female, of all For many years Joe has researched and remember that long, hot summer 40 years ago races and faiths. They come from all walks of studied about our United States Presidents

VerDate 24-MAY-95 07:05 May 25, 1995 Jkt 099061 PO 00000 Frm 00006 Fmt 0626 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\CRI\E24MY5.REC e24my1 May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — Extensions of Remarks E 1109 and collected memorabilia which he has dis- He is a very smart young fellow and well United States, and to each member of the played at various functions. He prepared a liked by everyone. Tennessee delegation to the U.S. Congress. small display here for our employees one VIOLET I. LOMPREY. f President’s Day as well as another on the Duluth, Minnesota. July 4 Independence Day. f ‘‘CENTRAL PENNSYLVANIA He is an unusual man who has done a serv- BLASTS CLINTON’’ ice to others by reminding us of our govern- FAMILY DAY IN TENNESSEE ment, our freedom and our history in this special way. HON. BUD SHUSTER I hope you will be able to give him an op- HON. JOHN J. DUNCAN, JR. OF PENNSYLVANIA OF TENNESSEE portunity to again show his collection. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Sincerely, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES DORIS A. HORTON, Tuesday, May 23, 1995 Tuesday, May 23, 1995 Director, Human Resources. Mr. SHUSTER. Mr. Speaker, last week, Mr. DUNCAN. Mr. Speaker, recently the spokesmen from the Clinton administration WASHINGTON ELEMENTARY SCHOOL, Tennessee General Assembly sent me a reso- Cloquet, MN. took aim at the supposed pork in highway lution declaring the last Sunday in August as projects. But, as with other matters, they had I have known Joe Peterson for over ten Family Day in Tennessee. They asked for my years and during that time he has worked on a hard time with the truth. First, they confused a history of Washington Elementary School, support to make this a National day. the House rescissions bill with the historic The parent/child relationship is one of the talked in our Grade 4 classrooms on state 1991 Intermodal Surface Transportation Effi- most important in our society. Children learn symbols for Minnesota Day, and visited var- ciency Act of 1991 [ISTEA], a stunning error ious classrooms discussing our presidents. lessons at home which shape and guide their made by the former Budget Committee Chair- His drive and enthusiasm are self evident in future. No one would dispute that a loving, man, Leon Panetta. his thorough presentations. supportive homelife would benefit any child. Then, they criticized 10 projects in my dis- Respectfully, As the family deteriorates, so does Amer- trict as wasteful, claiming that the money T.M. WALSH, ican society. We can readily see that many of Principal, Washington Elementary School. would be better spent on building schools and the problems our Country now faces have co- training teachers. Wrong again. These projects incided with the breakdown of the family. As a OUR SAVIOR’S LUTHERAN CHURCH, are extremely worthwhile. Moreover, they are father of four, I appreciate the importance this Cloquet, MN. funded with transportation trust fund dollars, Joe has done extensive work in researching legislation places on the worth of the family. which by law cannot be spent on anything but the lives and accomplishments of our presi- Unfortunately, Congress no longer considers highway construction and improvements. dents. He deserves recognition. legislation for commemorative days. While this The largest newspaper from my Ninth Dis- Joe Peterson has also done much valuable rule will save hundreds of thousands of dollars work with the history of our congregation. trict of Pennsylvania, the Altoona Mirror, in- in operating and staff time, it does not allow He has articulate knowledge about each of stantly and eloquently spoke up on this matter, for the recognition of National days of impor- the pastors, significant congregational mem- with the following superb editorial: bers, and specific dates. He has also helped tance, such as Tennessee's proposed Na- ROUTE 220 IS NOT PORK considerably in this work in the history of tional Family Day. other congregations. He has put much time Therefore, I ask that the Tennessee General President Clinton is off-base in attacking highway projects in central Pennsylvania and effort into all of the above. Assembly's resolution be printed in the CON- Sincerely, and especially in trying to label the comple- GRESSIONAL RECORD so that my colleagues tion of new route 220 as a pork project. DENNIS C. MORREIM, may benefit from such an eloquent and worth- Senior Pastor. Few projects are as important to the eco- while memorial. nomic health of central Pennsylvania and CLOQUET CO-OP CREDIT UNION, SENATE JOINT RESOLUTION NO. 97 the safety of motorists than completing the Cloquet MN. A Resolution Memorializing the United limited-access highway link between Bald In our community, Joe has become quite a States Congress to establish a day of na- Eagle and interstate 80. Our region has al- historian and was recognized just one week tional observance in honor of the American ready seen some benefits from the new high- ago in our local newspaper for the historical family. way between Bedford and Tyrone. Now we work that he has done. Joe does outstanding Whereas, One of the most trustworthy in- need the rest of the link to the State college/ work and is highly committed to the endeav- dicators of the health, strength and progress I–80 area. or of becoming an expert on our past presi- of a nation is the esteem in which the family Companies are locating in the Bedford, dents. I write this letter to you on behalf of is held; and Blair, and Centre counties region because Joe Peterson and should you have any ques- Whereas, Family strength, unity and re- they know that new route 220 will give them tions as to his reputation or work ethic, spect cannot be purchased or fabricated, but easy access to the Pennsylvania turnpike please by all means feel free to be in touch comes to us instead when families are to- and points south and to interstate 80 and the with me. gether and realize that through interaction northern tier of States, including the metro- Sincerely, they know love, trust and hope; and politan New York market. DEL D. PREVOST, Whereas, Life is special when we realize It is unbelievable that our president could President. the worth of the family and its importance perceive such a vital link as a pork project. in all relationships; and He accused Republicans in Congress of ‘‘car- CARLTON COUNTY HISTORICAL SOCIETY, Whereas, The family is the center of our ing more about pork than people.’’ Cloquet, MN. affections and the foundation of our Amer- Well, Mr. President, the northern leg of Joe has been a member of our Society for ican society; and route 220 and the other road projects you at- a long time. He has done research on the Whereas, No institution can take the fami- tacked are being planned because they are presidents and other sources. ly’s place in giving meaning to human life about people, their safety, and their jobs. We have all gotten along very well with and stability in our society; and The other projects criticized by Clinton were Joe and he is always willing to pass on help Whereas, It is fitting that official recogni- the route 22 bypass of Hollidaysburg, the re- when he can. tion be given to the importance of strength- location of route 22 north of Lewistown and Sincerely, ening family life; now, therefore, a new turning lane on route 36 in Roaring FERN M. OLSON. Be it resolved by the Senate of the ninety- Spring. KATHLEEN MONSON. ninth general assembly of the State of Ten- We believe a legitimate need exists for all nessee, the House of Representatives concur- of these projects in terms of public safety, I have known Joe Peterson for about five ring, That this General Assembly hereby me- and we are glad that Representative Bud years. He is a very nice young fellow, ambi- morializes the U.S. Congress to enact legisla- Shuster is working to bring these road im- tious and always willing to give a helping tion establishing the last Sunday of August provements to fruition. hand. of each year as a day of national observance While we have seen disputes on the exact He gave several programs at the senior to be known as ‘‘Family Day’’ in order to routing, we believe area residents generally center about the presidents. It was very focus attention and to confer honor upon the agree that route 22 traffic creates hazards in moving to hear him talk about them. He importance of the American family as the the Hollidaysburg and Lewistown areas. And knows where and when they were born, about cornerstone of our society. anyone who ever has been caught in traffic their history and backgrounds. Then, a cou- Be it further resolved, That the Chief Clerk on route 36 doesn’t think that a turning lane ple of months later, he put on one about of the Senate is directed to transmit enrolled in Roaring Spring is pork. their wives, which was very interesting also. copies of this resolution to the Honorable Clinton said Thursday, ‘‘Special interest He’s put on programs at several other Bill Clinton, President of the United States, road projects—nine in one congressional dis- places, too. the Honorable Al Gore, Vice President of the trict—are not as important as giving our

VerDate 24-MAY-95 07:05 May 25, 1995 Jkt 099061 PO 00000 Frm 00007 Fmt 0626 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\CRI\E24MY5.REC e24my1 E 1110 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — Extensions of Remarks May 24, 1995 teachers the training they need to make sure Mr. Speaker, Mike Schenkler epitomizes a The Highlands are part of an ancient chain our students reach world-class standards in success story that stands as a shinning exam- of mountains formed of Pre-Cambrian rock. education.’’ ple of dedication and achievement for the citi- This area has been widely recognized for its Wasn’t this the president who came into office preaching about the need to repair zens of Queens County and its many commu- natural resources, especially water, wildlife America’s infrastructure? nities. A product of the New York City schools, and recreation, which are of great benefit to He apparently has forgotten about his Mike first became involved in community af- the dense populations of New Jersey and the promise. He also missed the boat on accu- fairs as a student at Queens College. Upon New York metropolitan area. racy. graduation, he began his professional career The Highlands Trail is a result of a project Money for the roads that Clinton attacked in the New York City school system, and initiated in 1993 by the New York-New Jersey will come from a trust fund that can only be quickly rose to the rank of principal. Trail Conference, with technical assistance used for highway construction projects. The In 1978, when I needed someone to take from the National Park Service's Rivers, Trails trust fund has about $18 billion from special over the day-to-day operations of the commu- taxes on fuel, tires, and certain weights of and Conservation Assistance Program. Assist- trucks. nity newspaper I had published, I was fortu- ing in the development of this exceptional trail The money cannot be used to train teach- nate enough to lure Michael away from a ca- were more than three dozen organizations, in- ers or build safe schools, as the administra- reer in education and introduce him to the cluding the State of New Jersey and the coun- tion alleges. If it isn’t spent building and re- world of journalism and small business. This ties of Passaic and Warren. All of these orga- pairing highways and bridges, it just sits was a move that would have a major impact nizations are to be commended by the Con- there doing nothing. not only on Mike's own career, but on the bor- gress for creation of this trail and their work to We urge area residents to tell Clinton that ough of Queens as well. make more accessible to the people of our re- he is wrong in attacking the highway Mike departed from the school system and gion a landscape of exceptional beauty and projects in central Pennsylvania and espe- became totally immersed in the operation of cially route 220, which will have a major im- wilderness. pact on our economic future. The Queens Tribune, which quickly became The Highlands area is a landscape of na- We need the highway link to I–80, and we the county's dominant weekly newspaper. In tional significance but has been described as should challenge anyone, including the presi- 1989, the Tribune merged with News Commu- a hidden jewel in the emerald necklace of the dent, who claims the road is just an nications, Inc., and Michael rapidly rose to the Appalachian mountain chain. unneeded and unwarranted ‘‘pork’’ project. rank of president and CEO of the newly The Highlands Trail is intended as the first f formed company. of many trails in the Highlands region that will From his start in the private sector in a eventually be interconnected. When finished, ANNIVERSARY CONGRATULATIONS small storefront operation in Flushing, Mike the overall trail will stretch 150 miles, from the Schenkler now runs a publishing empire that Hudson River at Storm King Mountain, NY, to HON. ROBERT G. TORRICELLI employs more than 300 people and publishes the Delaware River at Phillipsburg, NJ. OF NEW JERSEY 23 different newspapers and magazines Marked by rugged slopes, narrow valleys and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES throughout the New York metropolitan area scenic ridge lines, the trail will link more than and in Washington, DC. Tuesday, May 23, 1995 two dozen county, State and Federal parks, As the Queens Tribune grew, so did Mi- forests, historic sites and public open spaces. Mr. TORRICELLI. Mr. Speaker, I would like chael's love for community, politics, the arts, While the National Park Service will provide to take this opportunity to congratulate a spe- economics, local sports and the many areas technical assistance, volunteer trail clubs and cial couple from my district who will celebrate that join together to represent the dynamics of other community groups will conduct manage- a milestone wedding anniversary on June 19, the borough of Queens. ment and maintenance. 1995. Testimony for this dedication can be found The New Jersey section being opened this In these turbulent times, it is so wonderful to every week on the pages of his newspapers, weekend is 20 miles long. It offers breath- recognize Kay and Frank Purritano, a couple which cover all aspects of the Queens com- taking views of the Wanaque and Monksville who have honored their vows to each other for munity. The annual Guide to Queens and the reservoirs toward the Manhattan skyline 30 40 years. Family and friends will gather on historical anniversary editions have highlighted miles away. The route extends to the 35,000- June 3 in Albany, NY to wish them well. the paper's ability to cover all the news. acre Pequannock watershed wilderness, the The Queens Tribune is a living tribute to Mi- Frank worked for over 30 years at source of Newark's water supply and home to chael Schenkler, his borough and the dynamic Alleghany-Ludlum Steel before he retired. Kay numerous black bear. has been a wonderful wife, mother and grand- communities that thrive in Queens. The paper I congratulate everyone involved in the cre- mother. She is extremely creative, is a gour- has received numerous journalism awards, in- ation of this magnificent trail. I am certain it met cook and enjoys sewing and baby-sitting cluding the New York Press Association will play a major role in helping preserve New for her grandchildren. Award for Mike's column, QUIPS. In 1994, Mi- Jersey's scenic outdoor culture for generations The couple raised their five children, Debra, chael was named Businessman of the Year by to come. the Queens Chamber of Commerce. Francis, Jr., Joseph, Marie and Michael in f New York but, after Frank retired, they moved Mr. Speaker, Michael Schenkler is a true to my district in New Jersey to be closer to American success story: a successful busi- TRIBUTE TO CATHOLIC CHARITIES their children and grandchildren. They are de- nessman, a warm and caring individual, a per- voted parents and are the proud grandparents son dedicated to his family. I am truly honored HON. BRUCE F. VENTO of seven, Laura, David, Scott, Anthony, to consider him my friend. I ask all my colleagues in the House of Rep- OF MINNESOTA Anastasia, Joseph and Nicholas. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES It is an honor to commend this couple for resentatives to join with me and the Queens their life together and to offer my best wishes Council on the Arts in extending our best Tuesday, May 23, 1995 for the years to come. wishes to Mike, his lovely wife, Lillian, and Mr. VENTO. Mr. Speaker, I rise today to their two children, Lee and Allison, and in sa- f celebrate the success of a volunteer organiza- luting Michael Schenkler for his energy, vision tion that has served the Twin Cities commu- HONORING MICHAEL SCHENKLER and tireless efforts on behalf of the people and nity since 1869. This year the Catholic Char- the arts of the Borough of Queens. ities of the Archdiocese of St. Paul and Min- HON. GARY L. ACKERMAN f neapolis is celebrating its 125th year providing OF NEW YORK HIGHLANDS TRAIL DEDICATION social services to Twin Cities area residents in IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES need. Catholic Charities began with a commitment Tuesday, May 23, 1995 HON. MARGE ROUKEMA and desire to help the most vulnerable resi- OF NEW JERSEY Mr. ACKERMAN. Mr. Speaker, I rise today dents of the community, the children. In the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to join with my constituents of the Fifth Con- late 1800's, events such as the Civil War and gressional District and many other citizens of Tuesday, May 23, 1995 epidemics added to the already harsh pioneer New York as the Queens Council on the Arts Mrs. ROUKEMA. Mr. Speaker, I rise to call life leaving many children without parents. Try- celebrates its 29th anniversary by honoring attention to the dedication of the Highlands ing to do what they could to help, a group the long-time Publisher of The Queens Trib- Trail, which took place May 20 at Echo Lake from Assumption parish in St. Paul organized une, Michael Schenkler. in West Milford, NJ. a small orphanage to care for six Germanic

VerDate 24-MAY-95 07:05 May 25, 1995 Jkt 099061 PO 00000 Frm 00008 Fmt 0626 Sfmt 9920 E:\CR\CRI\E24MY5.REC e24my1 May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — Extensions of Remarks E 1111 children who met this fate. Soon after its es- [From St. Louis Dispatch, April 25, 1995] The last thing Congress and the adminis- tablishment, the facility was moved to accom- MAKING IT EASY TO HATE tration need to do is prove that the kooks modate more children, and it grew into what is Skepticism toward government—even a are right. now St. Joseph's Home for Children. measure of cynicism—is a healthy thing in a f Catholic Charities has retained its focus on democracy. It means people are on guard children throughout the years, yet at the same against an overreaching government. But THE SOUTHERN ILLINOIS time, it has expanded to include other resi- something has been at work in recent years CHILDREN’S CHOIR that goes beyond skepticism or mistrust. It dents of the community in need of assistance. comes down to hate, and in Oklahoma City, The organization runs emergency shelters and the nation has seen first hand what hate can HON. GLENN POSHARD temporary housing facilities for homeless indi- do. OF ILLINOIS viduals and families. They operate job training The various paramilitary groups that can programs to help people gain skills, find work, be found in so many states, including Mis- IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and become self-sufficient. They also help souri, are cauldrons of distrust and suspicion Tuesday, May 23, 1995 educate the broad community by distributing in which hate is easily brewed. Some groups call themselves survivalists, others say they Mr. POSHARD. Mr. Speaker, it is a distinct information and providing counseling on health are militias, and all are proud to proclaim pleasure for me to take this opportunity to wel- issues such as AIDS, mental illness, and sub- themselves patriots. Their credo is that the come the Southern Illinois Children's Choir to stance abuse. Catholic Charities acknowl- government is the enemy, and they must Washington, DC. In a time when children are edges the diversity of the Twin Cities area by arm themselves against it. Under this para- including programs to help immigrants and noid scenario, everything the government experiencing especially tumultuous times in an their families become and remain self-support- does is intended to enslave people—income all too violent world, the magnificent efforts ing. These and other programs help citizens in taxes, Social Security numbers and, above which have produced this wonderful choral all, gun control. group are very much appreciated. the Twin Cities community get back on their If men want to dress up in battle fatigues feet and enjoy a better quality of life. The 85 boys and girls from grades 4 and play soldier in the woods, that is harm- through 8 who have auditioned and been ac- Today, however, the fate of Catholic Char- less enough in itself. But things don’t always ities and other similar organizations is uncer- stop there. For the drilling and the target cepted as part of the choir represent the tain. In a time when budgets are being cut and practice to retain their allure, a threat must southern Illinois communities of Alto Pass, many social programs are on the chopping loom. It is, of course, the government, that Anna, Carbondale, Carterville, Cobden, block, volunteer organizations like Catholic large, impersonal force out there. However, DuQuoin, Elkville, Gorham, Harrisburg, Herrin, Charities will become an even more vital part until the attack comes, more immediate Jonesboro, Makanda, Marion, Murphysboro, of the Twin Cities community. Limiting both threats must be found so as to keep everyone and Sparta. I am proud that many of these alert and ready to hate. Jews or blacks, or young people are residents of the 19th Con- government and charitable organizations from both, usually suffice. helping the citizens of our community that are Self-appointed paramilitary groups that gressional District which I represent. in need is a disastrous formula for both the soon turn themselves into vigilantes are not The choir was organized only 5 years ago Twin Cities and the nation. new in American history. This surge, under the Southern Illinois University at For 125 years, the Catholic Charities of the though, may owe its growth to that rel- Carbondale Youth Music Program. Its purpose Archdiocese of St. Paul and Minneapolis has atively new phenomenon known as hate is twofold. First, and foremost, it has been as- supported the Twin Cities community, lending radio, which unrelievedly preaches contempt sembled for the musical enrichment of our a helping hand to those in need. They not only of government and ridicule of those in power. President Bill Clinton took note of this dis- children, and then for the enhancement of the give shelter, educational information, and turbing development in Minneapolis Mon- musical life for all southern Illinoisans. In the training to the people they help, they give day, reminding Americans that hate radio short span of time of its existence, the choir something even more powerful and important; hosts’ ‘‘bitter words can have bitter con- has remarkably amassed a very impressive they give them hope. Hope that they can build sequences.’’ portfolio of performances, including the South- a better life and a secure future for them- This is not to say there is a cause-and-ef- ern Illinois University Opera Theatre, the Sym- selves and their families. I am proud of the fect relationship between the anti-govern- phony Orchestra and Choral Union, as well as ment propaganda of hate radio and what work that all of Catholic Charities' staff and various conferences, education programs and volunteers do on a daily basis to make a dif- happened in Oklahoma City. Rather, hate radio provides the background music for ex- concerts throughout the southern Illinois area. ference in the lives of so many people. They tremists. Tell people often enough and long In addition, the Choir has sung in the State have made our Twin Cities, St. Paul-Min- enough that their government can do no Capitol at Springfield, and appeared at the neapolis, a strong foundation for families and right and that the people in it are incom- 1992 Illinois Music Educators All-State Con- especially people in need. petent or dishonest or sinister, and eventu- ference. In 1993, the choir toured the south- f ally some of them will conclude that the east, performing at the Piccolo Spoleto Fes- government is a force for evil. Moreover, it is tival in Charleston, SC, and in 1994, they ap- SKEPTICISM AND TERRORISM not difficult to find government excesses to cite as supporting evidence. In this way, a peared on the Shepley Music and Art Series HON. WILLIAM (BILL) CLAY small group of unstable people, susceptible at Christ Church Cathedral in St Louis where to the message of hate, decides to launch a they presented the premiere performance of OF MISSOURI pre-emptive strike, or take retaliatory ac- Gregg Smith's ``Four Sandburg Songs.'' IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tion, against a government facility. The choir continues to impress audiences Tuesday, May 23, 1995 The risk now is that the country will over- everywhere it performs. I am especially de- react. The first impulse is to see all para- lighted and pleased that the 1995 tour of Mr. CLAY. Mr. Speaker, this past weekend military groups that cavort in the woods as Pennsylvania Avenue was closed-off to protect terrorists in training. The second is to think Southern Illinois Children's Choir includes a the White House from terrorist bombs. Soon that constitutional rights must be jettisoned one week visit to the Nation's Capital June 9 this body will deliberate legislation designed to to combat the threat they pose. No one through 16. The children's performances while restrict domestic terrorism in the wake of the wants to make it easy for another Oklahoma in Washington will include singing a prelude to Oklahoma City bombing. In the aftermath of City atrocity, but Congress should not give the morning worship service at the National such historic and tragic events there have federal law-enforcement authorities the Cathedral, and performances on the west been some sensational proposals about how added powers Mr. Clinton has requested steps of the Capitol as well as at the Lincoln without careful thought. we might prevent future acts of domestic ter- Since the end of World War II, political Memorial. The tour will also include an excur- rorism. Mr. Speaker. I am concerned that dissenters, civil rights organizations, anti- sion to historic, Colonial Williamsburg, VA, some of the recommendations for deterring war groups and even Earth Day organizers with a performance at the Bruton Parrish terrorism threaten to trample civil liberties. I have been the target of government spying Church. believe it would be a serious mistake to jeop- and disruption, always in the name of pro- I heartily commend the choir and all who ardize the rights and freedoms of all citizens tecting society. Mr. Clinton wants to give have contributed to its successÐparents, di- in the name of preventing potential acts of law-enforcement agencies greater authority rectors and assistants. It is indeed gratifying to place people and groups under surveil- madness. Our freedom is our greatest lance on the basis of less evidence. If the that these children and their extraordinary mu- strength. I encourage my colleagues to re- tools the FBI and other agencies have now sical talents exemplify what is best in the member this and commend you to consider are inadequate, they should be strengthened, youth of today. They are certainly beacons of the points raised in this St. Louis Post Dis- of course, but the bombing in Oklahoma City light for their families, friends and commu- patch editorial. does not automatically mean they are. nities.

VerDate 24-MAY-95 07:05 May 25, 1995 Jkt 099061 PO 00000 Frm 00009 Fmt 0626 Sfmt 9920 E:\CR\CRI\E24MY5.REC e24my1 E 1112 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — Extensions of Remarks May 24, 1995 EATING DISORDERS INFORMATION four months from graduation and at a point was. Hiding it was actually pretty easy. AND EDUCATION ACT where I was scared about being an adult, Federico was working at least 15 hours a day, about being a woman and going out into the and after I started law school at the Univer- world. Until then, my life had been scripted sity of Colorado at Boulder in the fall of 1985 HON. PATRICIA SCHROEDER and safe. Now there were changes happening we couldn’t spend that much time together. OF COLORADO I couldn’t control. I was really hurt by the Several months later I found a therapist IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES coach’s remark and said to myself, ‘‘I’m never, ever going to be fat again.’’ who specialized in eating disorders, but I Tuesday, May 23, 1995 Almost immediately, I began eating very didn’t begin to make progress until I started Mrs. SCHROEDER. Mr. Speaker, today I little and spent all my free time running. with yet another therapist in 1987. She am introducing the Eating Disorders Informa- But then I’d have this uncontrollable, de- helped me see how my eating was connected to my perfectionism and my need for con- tion and Education Act, which provides out- monic urge to eat ice cream, cookies, dough- nuts—anything high-calorie. And I’d eat trol. I remember in grade school going into reach and education for the increasing number until I couldn’t eat anymore. Afterward, I the bathroom and crying whenever my team of peopleÐprimarily women and young girlsÐ couldn’t bear the thought that it would stay lost because I felt I hadn’t done enough to with eating disorders. in me and turn into fat, so I’d have to purge. make us win. As the second oldest of eight Eating disorders and self-induced vomiting, During the worst periods, I’d binge and purge children, I had been a caretaker growing up compulsive dieting, binge-eating and self-star- four or five times a day, from the moment I so I also didn’t know how to ask for help. I vation regimes afflicting 7 million women and woke up until I went to sleep. By April, I was felt like a failure acknowledging that I 1 million men, according to the National Asso- down to 110, and I looked like a cadaver. wasn’t all that strong or capable, and I had The purging was really painful, and it been trying to escape those negative feelings ciation of Anorexia Nervosa and Associated made me feel horrible, disgusting and by bingeing and purging. But as I began to Disorders [ANAD]. Their cause is complex, but wretched. I shared a campus dormitory suite deal with my fears, my confidence grew. I studies have looked at genetics, environ- with four other women, and when I went into really believed I could get better, so when ments, biochemistry and personalities. Cer- the bathroom I’d lock the door and turn the tainly, there is a strong link between these dis- water on to over the sound. But my room- Federico proposed in 1987, I said yes. orders and the pressure to be thin in our soci- mates knew. One of them brought me library We married in May 1988. I graduated law ety. books on anorexia and persuaded my coach school the same month and took a job with It is estimated that about 6 percent of those to make me see a counselor. It didn’t help. I a prestigious firm in Denver. Then the fol- just sat there until the session was over. My with serious cases die, and only 50 percent lowing October I learned I was pregnant. I mom found out that spring, and when I vis- never told Federico the full extent of my eat- report being cured. While 86 percent report ited her in Albuquerque in April she ar- ing disorder, and now I didn’t tell my obste- onset of the disorder by age 20, even those ranged for me to see a family friend who was trician. For a while I was good about my eat- 10 years and younger are known to suffer a psychiatrist. But in my family, people are ing, but before long I was bingeing and purg- from it. private. No one was going to hear of my ing. Then, six months into my pregnancy, I Eating disorders typically last one to 15 problem and say, ‘‘Enough is enough,’’ and began to have really significant contrac- years. Treatment is often expensive and long- plunk me in treatment. Nobody in my family tions. That was the moment when I said, terÐ$30,000 or more a month for inpatient had ever seen a therapist, and when I stopped ‘‘Stop. You have to take care of your body, treatment and $100,000 or more for outpatient going after one visit, my mom and one of my and your body is now carrying a baby.’’ I’m sisters, who were the only ones who knew of absolutely convinced that if I hadn’t been in care. Many find their insurance doesn't cover my problem, didn’t push me further. And I treatment. therapy for a long time, I wouldn’t have been was still in denial and didn’t think I needed able to turn the corner. Even though eating disorders are wide- a psychiatrist. spread, no State has an adequate program to When I graduated in June I was very de- It wasn’t easy. I would eat and feel so combat them, and few schools have programs pressed, and it was difficult to be with peo- bloated, and then the old feelings would kick to educate youth about them, according to ple. I took a job teaching English and coach- in—eating equals fat equals bad. Keeping in ANAD. ing soccer at a private boarding school in touch with my therapist in Boulder, I just My bill helps address this lack of public Colorado Springs but quit a year later when had to take a leap of faith that it was really Nike offered to sponsor me as a runner. For going to turn out okay. Amazingly I’m still knowledge. It amends the Public Health Serv- the next four years, I tried to make a go as okay. Through Nellia’s birth that July and ice Act to establish a program providing infor- an amateur athlete, first in Boston, then Cristina’s birth 19 months later and all the mation and education to the public on the pre- back in Colorado. My eating improved a bit stress of moving to Washington in 1993, my vention and treatment of eating disorders. when I was training because I was happy. eating problem has not resurfaced. Even That program would be carried out by the But whenever I got injured and couldn’t run, when I suffered a miscarriage that July, I Center for Mental Health Services, which I’d fall back into the bingeing and purging knew I was strong enough to withstand the would also provide a toll-free public hotline of- several times a day for weeks and months at pain. I don’t think the lost pregnancy was as fering information and referrals for prevention a time. I was dehydrated, I was cold all the real to Federico as it was to me, but when he time, my hands would shake, and I would get asked me if I wanted to go back into therapy and treatment. The bill authorizes $2 million headaches. And I had horrible nightmares for fiscal year 1996 and such sums as are to help work through my sadness, I told him that I would just eat and get bigger like this I had the tools now to deal with pain myself. necessary for fiscal years 1997 through 1998. huge blimp. I was particularly moved by the story of Most people didn’t know I had a problem. Although Federico had attended a few Ellen Hart Pena, wife of our Transportation In relationships, I would pick men who therapy sessions with me, we never had the Secretary Federico Pena, in the April 10 issue wouldn’t try to get too close to me. And I did 3-hour, tearful kind of talk about my illness you might expect because I was too afraid to of People magazine. She told of her more a good job of hiding things. No one noticed when I didn’t eat—I’d take just a couple of reveal the depths of my disease. In fact, I than 10-year struggle to break free of anorexia bites of what was on my plate and then don’t think he truly understood how bad it and bulimia. Only after long-term therapy did mound it up all together so it didn’t look was until last fall when I showed him an ar- she end the cycle of starvation diets and like much. The bingeing and purging I’d do ticle I’d written for the ‘‘Road Runners Club bingeing and purging. I would like to include behind closed doors. But I was trying every- of America’’ newsletter. I think he felt bad her story for the RECORD. thing to control my problem. I learned to that he hadn’t understood. My response was [Taken from People Magazine, April 10, 1995] meditate, I prayed, I went to group and indi- that he had done all I had allowed him to do, vidual therapy and Overeaters Anonymous HITTING HER STRIDE which was basically to stand by me. meetings. Either the techniques weren’t ˜ I’m running and even competing again, for (By Ellen Hart Pena) right for me or I wasn’t ready for them. I remembered exactly the moment it Sometimes I was actually sorry that the the first time I can run just for the enjoy- began. It was January 1980, during my senior eating disorder wouldn’t kill me, and I’d ment of it. I’ve also learned to manage my year at Harvard where I ran on the track think, ‘‘Please, just let me out of this.’’ weight, which is now 125, without getting to- team. My coach had suggested that I lose In February 1984, I met Federico at a race tally compulsive and weird. A couple of some weight over Christmas break to help in Denver. I placed first among the women months ago I gained four or five pounds, but me run faster, and I had worked out every and, as mayor, he presented me with the I just said, ‘‘Oh well, I’ll have to be more day and gone from 132 to 123 pounds. But award. I thought he was very down-to-earth thoughtful about food choices.’’ That felt when I came back from vacation I had a real- and genuine, and we seemed to hit it off. But great. There are still times when I’m tempt- ly crummy workout, and the coach said it I couldn’t imagine that anyone could like me ed to binge and purge, and I think, ‘‘Maybe looked as if I were gaining back the weight. if they knew about this horrible part of my just today . . .’’ But I’m strong enough to re- That was the click. If he’d made the same life. When we started dating, I told him I had sist it. I’m not walking near that cliff again comment to me a year earlier it probably an eating problem and was working on it, because going over the edge was my private wouldn’t have hand any effect. But I was just but I made sure he didn’t find out how bad it hell. I can’t go back.

VerDate 24-MAY-95 07:05 May 25, 1995 Jkt 099061 PO 00000 Frm 00010 Fmt 0626 Sfmt 9920 E:\CR\CRI\E24MY5.REC e24my1 May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — Extensions of Remarks E 1113 MEDICARE BENEFICIARY In addition, the inspector general's survey COMPARISON OF PREMIUMS OF ATTAINED-AGE MEDIGAP PROTECTION AMENDMENTS OF 1995 found that: PLAN VERSUS STANDARD MEDIGAP COMMUNITY-RATED 16% [of enrollees] either planned to leave PLAN—Continued or wanted to leave [their HMO], but felt they HON. FORTNEY PETE STARK Age of beneficiaries— OF CALIFORNIA could not, primarily for reasons of afford- ability. Insurer and type of plan IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 65–69 70–74 75–79 80+ yrs. The most troubling of the inspector gen- yrs. old yrs. old yrs. old old Wednesday, May 24, 1995 eral's findings is that: Blue Cross plan Mr. STARK. Mr. Speaker, I am pleased to 66% of disabled/ESRD enrollees wanted to Medicare Select type Limited network of providers introduce the Medicare Beneficiary Protection leave their HMOs. and restricted access to Amendments of 1995. I am joined by Mr. I have no illusions that the ``Medicare Bene- the limited network WAXMAN, Mr. ACKERMAN, Mr. COYNE, Mr. DEL- ficiary Protection Amendments of 1995'' will Cumulative difference in pre- LUMS, Mr. FOGLIETTA, Mr. GONZALEZ, Mr. KEN- completely alleviate all of these problems. In miums of attained-age sup- NEDY of Rhode Island, Mr. MCDERMOTT, Mr. plemental plan to commu- fact, I am hopeful that consumers, providers, nity rated plan ...... ¥$177 +$123 +$303 +423 OLVER, Mr. PALONE, Ms. PELOSI, Mr. RANGEL, and others will continue to offer suggestions X 5 yrs X 5 yrs X 5 yrs X 5 yrs and Ms. WOOLSEY. as to how we can continue to improve the ¥885 +615 +1,515 +2,115 This legislation is designed to achieve what quality of care received by Medicare bene- Additional cost for a person its title impliesÐto improve the protections living to the age of 85 who ficiaries. Nonetheless, the remedies I am pro- enrolls in an attained-age provided to Medicare beneficiaries. This legis- posing today will take us a long way toward plan ...... +3,360 lation is urgently and increasingly needed, for that goal. Source: Senior World Newsmagazine, San Diego Edition, May, 1994, anal- two chief reasons. In addition to providing specific responses to ysis conducted by the Office of Congressman Stark. First, proposals are appearing that have as managed care practices that have created their focus the movement of more and more Because this legislation would accomplish beneficiary access problems, this legislation the central goal of providing greater protec- Medicare beneficiaries into managed care in- provides a framework through which Medicare surance products. Some proposals would tions to Medicare beneficiaries, it has the en- beneficiaries can make informed choices dorsement of consumer and senior organiza- push beneficiaries into health maintenance or- about their Medicare coverage options. ganizations. I support a less coercive ap- tions. Two of the largest senior and consumer Too often today, while a beneficiary has the organizations made the following comments: proach, one that allows beneficiaries to deter- legal right to exit an HMO and return to tradi- mine the pace at which they move into Congressman Stark’s proposed Medicare tional Medicare coverage, the inability to se- Beneficiary Protection Amendments of 1995 HMO's. But either way, HMO's will continue to cure an affordable Medicare supplemental pol- will institute needed protections in the Med- play a growing role in Medicare. icyÐa medigap planÐmakes this a hollow op- icare Select program * * * it also strength- Second, an extensive survey of Medicare tion. As proposed in this legislation, the institu- ens protections for Medicare beneficiaries in HMO enrollees and former enrollees, recently tion of a coordinated open enrollment process other managed care options.—Testimony of completed by the inspector general of the De- for Medicare beneficiaries will guarantee that the National Committee to Preserve Social partment of Health and Human Services, doc- the options we claim to provide to bene- Security and Medicare before the Committee uments several problem areas with Medicare ficiaries are actually open to them. on Ways and Means Subcommittee on HMO's. The inspector general's findings sub- Central to the functioning of the coordinated Health, February 10, 1995. stantiate numerous complaints I have received Consumers Union strongly supports the open enrollment processÐand to guarantee- Medicare Beneficiary Protections Amend- from individual beneficiaries over the past few ing true choice for beneficiariesÐis the begin- ments of 1995. This Act would provide impor- years. ning of attained-age pricing of medigap pre- tant protections for the Medicare bene- It is clear that before Congress flings the miums. Attained-age pricing is the policy of ficiaries who enroll in managed care plans, Medicare doors wide open to managed care raising medigap premiums as an enrollee gets purchase Medicare Select policies, or pur- plans, we ought to act to prohibit managed older. In their report on medigap plans, chase a medigap policy * * * [T]he protec- care practices that are known to jeopardize Consumer Reports magazine described at- tions will benefit tens of millions of senior beneficiary care. And we ought to act swiftly, tained-age priced plans as hazardous to pol- citizens.—Consumers Union, May 8, 1995 because this is an area where an ounce of icyholders. I agree. I would like to complement my colleagues prevention is worth more than a pound of the A comparison of the least expensive at- who are joining me today in introducing this cure. tained-age rated medigap plan versus the only bill. They have responded to the needs of their The summary finding of the inspector gen- community-rated medigap plan in CaliforniaÐ senior and disabled constituentsÐthose who eral's report, I believe, captures very well the using plan E for the comparisonÐshowed that rely upon Medicare for their health insurance overall experience we are having with the a typical Medicare beneficiary will pay $3,360 coverage. They have responded to the chal- service delivery of Medicare HMO's: more for the attained-age plan than the com- lenge to balance the goals of providing a Generally, beneficiary responses indicated munity-rated plan over his or her life. On top broad range of coverage choices for Medicare Medicare risk HMOs provide adequate serv- of being more expensive, this attained-age beneficiaries while at the same time making ice access for most beneficiaries who have rated plan restricted access to a limited num- sure that these choices do not place Medicare joined. However, our survey results also indi- ber of health care providers. The reason for beneficiaries at risk. cated some problem areas: beneficiaries’ the higher lifetime premium is that while the I look forward to working with all my col- knowledge of appeal rights, access and serv- ice to [end stage renal disease]/disabled bene- attained-age plan starts with a lower premium, leagues to move the Medicare Beneficiary ficiaries, and inappropriate screening of the premium quickly rises as the beneficiary Protection Amendments of 1995 forward. Due beneficiaries health status at application. ages to well above the non-age-adjusted com- to the urgency of this issue, I hope we will not Overall, Medicare beneficiaries are receiving munity rate. delay in taking up consideration of this legisla- adequate services, but serious problems exist The premium comparison follows: tion. with a significant number of enrollees, particu- MEDICARE SUPPLEMENTAL PLAN E A summary of the bill follows. larly among those enrollees who have the (Premiums as of May, 1994 for the California MEDICARE BENEFICIARY PROTECTION greatest health care needs. Some of the spe- counties of San Diego, Orange, Los Angeles, AMENDMENTS OF 1995—SUMMARY (5/19/95) cific findings of the inspector general are: San Bernardino, Imperial, and Riverside) I. MEDICARE MANAGED CARE BENEFICIARY PROTECTION PROVISIONS [C]ompliance with Federal enrollment COMPARISON OF PREMIUMS OF ATTAINED-AGE MEDIGAP standards for health screening and informing A. Marketing standards beneficiaries of their rights appeared to be PLAN VERSUS STANDARD MEDIGAP COMMUNITY-RATED 1. Plans could not market to beneficiaries problematic. PLAN on a door-to-door basis. Most beneficiaries reported timely doctor 2. Plans could not require beneficiaries to appointments for primary and specialty care, Age of beneficiaries— attend an enrollment seminar and would be but some enrollees and disenrollees experi- Insurer and type of plan 65–69 70–74 75–79 80+ yrs. required to permit enrollment through the enced noteworthy delays. yrs. old yrs. old yrs. old old mail. Perceived, unmet service needs and lock-in 3. Commissions may not constitute the Community-Rated Plan ...... $957 $957 $957 $957 problems led 22% of disenrollees and 7% of AARP/Prudential plan predominant source of compensation for enrollees to seek out-of-plan care. Standard ‘‘Medigap’’ agents. Disabled/ESRD [end stage renal disease] No restrictions on accessing 4. To the extent an agent is compensated beneficiaries’ providers of disenrollees . . . reported access problems in choice based upon a commission, the plan would be several crucial areas of their HMO care. Attained-Age Plan ...... 780 1,080 1,260 1,380 required to recover the commission if the

VerDate 24-MAY-95 07:05 May 25, 1995 Jkt 099061 PO 00000 Frm 00011 Fmt 0626 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\CRI\E24MY5.REC e24my1 E 1114 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — Extensions of Remarks May 24, 1995 beneficiary disenrolled within 90 days after mate claims for payment for out-of-plan 4. A transition rule would be provided for initial enrollment. services. beneficiaries enrolled in HCPPs which would B. Due process requirements for providers in 3. Plans could not deny any claim for a not continue as a result of this provision. networks beneficiary using the ‘‘911’’ system to sum- K. Other beneficiary protections mon emergency care. 1. Public notice would be required as to 1. An enrollee of an HMO receiving unau- 4. Plans would be required to provide time- when applications by participating providers thorized out-of-plan treatment could not be ly authorization for coverage of emergency are to be accepted. charged more than what Medicare would services. 2. Descriptive information regarding the have paid under fee-for-service rules. 5. Plans would be required to reimburse plan standards for contracting with partici- 2. Plans would be required to make ar- fully emergency physicians for any services pating providers would be required to be dis- rangements for dialysis services for bene- provided to beneficiaries in order to fulfill closed. ficiaries traveling outside the plan’s service the requirements of the anti-dumping stat- 3. Notification of a participating provider area. ute. of a decision to terminate or not renew a L. Benefit package for section 1876 HMO plans contract would be required not later than 45 F. Deadline for responding to requests for cov- days before the decision would take effect, erage of services 1. In addition to regular Medicare benefits, plans would be required to provide hos- unless the failure to terminate the contract 1. Plans would be required to make a final pitalization and SNF coverage without the would adversely affect the health or safety of determination within 24 hours; three-day stay requirement. a patient. 2. Secretary would be required to establish 2. For Medicare covered services, plans 4. Notices would be required to include rea- an expedited process to review appeals of may not impose cost-sharing other than sons for termination or non-renewal. Car- plan denials. nominal co-payments. riers would be required to offer providers re- G. Nondiscriminatory service area requirements ceiving notification of termination or non- 3. Limits on additional benefits (if any) renewal an opportunity for review of the rea- 1. In general the service area of a plan must be fully explained and enrollees given sons, with a majority of those conducting serving an urban area would be an entire reasonable notice that benefits are expiring. the review to be peers of the provider that Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA). The 4. Requirements to provide additional ben- have contracts with the managed care plan. Secretary could waive this requirement if efits to the extent that the plan’s adjusted 5. The findings of such a review would be the plan demonstrated that it could not de- community rate is exceeded by the AAPCC advisory and non-binding. Federal or State velop capacity to expand to the entire MSA payment would not change. laws pertaining to the right of involved par- and that the plan’s proposed service area M. Plans would be required to provide informa- ties to appeal or seek recourse would not be boundaries to not result in favorable risk se- tion on provider credentials to enrollees and superseded. lection. The Secretary could not waive the patient enrollees requirement that the plan serve the central C. Standards for utilization review would be es- N. A demonstration project on competitive rate- county of an MSA. tablished by the Secretary setting for Medicare risk contractors would 2. The Secretary could require a plan to be conducted 1. Individuals performing utilization re- contract with Federally-qualified health cen- O. HMO outlier pool view could not receive financial compensa- ters (FQHCs), rural health clinics, migrant An outlier pool would be created for HMOs tion based upon the number of certification health centers, or other essential community with risk contracts to provide reinsurance denials made; providers located in the service area if the for high-cost cases. The pool would be cre- 2. Negative determinations about the medi- Secretary determined that such contracts ated by withholding a percentage of current cal necessity or appropriateness of services are needed in order to provide reasonable ac- payments. or the site of services would be required to be cess to enrollees throughout the service made by clinically-qualified personnel; area. P. PRO review 3. Utilization review procedures would be H. Contractors would be required to disclose in- All section 1876 and section 1833 plans required to be based on reasonable, current formation about physician payment would be subject to PRO review. medical evidence and applied consistently II. MEDICARE SELECT PROVISIONS across reviewers and developed in consulta- 1. Information would be provided under the tion with participating providers; terms of the contract with the Health Care The Medicare Select demonstration pro- 4. Plans would be required to provide to en- Financing Administration (HCFA). gram would be amended: rollees a written description of the utiliza- 2. Information would be made available to A. Establish Federal oversight of Medicare Se- tion review requirements of the plan. plan enrollees, or potential enrollees, upon lect D. Centers of excellence: Plans would be re- request. 1. Secretary would establish standards for quired to demonstrate that enrollees have I. Intermediate sanctions on HMOs Medicare Select in regulation. access to designated centers of excellence 1. Civil money penalties of up to $25,000 for To the extent practicable the standards 1. According to standards developed by the each violation that directly or indirectly ad- would be the same as the standards devel- Secretary, plans would demonstrate that en- versely affects an individual enrolled in the oped by the NAIC for Medicare Select plans. rollees with chronic diseases or who other- plan. Any additional standards would be developed wise require specialized services would have 2. Civil money penalties of up to $10,000 for in consultation with the NAIC. access to designated centers; each week after the Secretary begins pro- 2. Medicare Select plans would generally 2. The Secretary would designate centers ceeding to terminate a contract. be required to meet the same requirements that provide specialty care, deliver care for 3. A new formal process would be adopted in effect for Medicare risk contractors under individuals with chronic diseases or other through which HMOs could submit a correc- section 1876: Community rating; prior ap- complex cases requiring specialized treat- tive action plan for violations of the require- proval of marketing materials; intermediate ment. Such centers must meet standards es- ments. More severe penalties could be im- sanctions and civil money penalties; addi- tablished by the Secretary pertaining to spe- posed on HMOs with previous deficiencies. tional requirements added by this bill as de- cialized education and training, participa- 4. HMOs which fail to cooperate with PRO scribed below. tion in peer-reviewed research, and treat- quality review and which fail to meet stand- 3. If the Secretary has determined that a ment of patients from outside the facility’s ards for appeals would be subject to existing State has an effective program to enforce the geographic area. intermediate sanctions and civil money pen- standards for Medicare Select plans estab- 3. Recognition of trauma centers: The ex- alties. lished by the Secretary, the State would cer- isting requirements that plans provide for J. Amendments to Health Care Prepayment Plan tify Medicare Select plans. If the Secretary reimbursement of services outside the plan’s under section 1833 (HCPPs) does not make such a finding with respect to a State, the Secretary would certify Medi- provider network where medically necessary 1. The HCPP option would be restricted to care Select plans in that State. and immediately required because of an un- organizations that could not qualify under 4. Existing requirements for State-based foreseen illness, injury, or condition would section 1876 as an HMO such as the UMW and standards and fifteen-State restriction would be clarified to include services provided by other union plans. be repealed. designated trauma centers. 2. New requirements would be imposed on 4. Ob-Gyn Referral: Plans would be prohib- HCPPs: Solvency and marketing standards B. Benefit Requirements ited from requiring enrollees to obtain a would be imposed; HCPPs would be required 1. Fee-for-service Medicare Select plans physician referral for obstetric and to meet the section 1876 standards for griev- would offer either the MediGap ‘‘E’’ plan gynecologic services. ance procedures and physician incentive plan with payment for extra billing added or the E. Access to emergency medical care requirements, and would be subject to the MediGap ‘‘J’’ plan. Both have preventive 1. Plans could not require pre-authoriza- section 1876 intermediate sanctions and civil benefits and adding extra billing benefits to tion for emergency medical care. money penalties. ‘‘E’’ should not add cost given that network 2. A definition of emergency medical condi- 3. The provision of the Social Security doctors should all accept assignment. tion based upon a prudent layperson defini- Amendments of 1994 which subjects HCPPs 2. If an HMO or competitive medical plan tion would be established to protect bene- to the MediGap standards effective January (CMP) as defined under section 1876 offers ficiaries from retrospective denials of legiti- 1, 1996 would be repealed. Medicare Select, then the benefits would be

VerDate 24-MAY-95 07:05 May 25, 1995 Jkt 099061 PO 00000 Frm 00012 Fmt 0626 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\CRI\E24MY5.REC e24my1 May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — Extensions of Remarks E 1115 required to be offered under the same rules with treatment are very high: health care costs Senate documents and reports issued for as set forth in Title III below. Such plans for one child stricken with FAS total $44,000. each session of Congress. Dummy volumes would therefore have different benefits than FAS and FAE strike without regard to race establishing the format for each edition are traditional MediGap plans. or economic status, but the rate of incidence prepared and assigned a serial number follow- III. MEDIGAP PROVISIONS is higher among certain groups; for instance, ing each session of Congress. The actual A. All MediGap policies would be required the rate is 30 times higher among Native books are produced by GPO's binding divi- to be community rated. B. MediGap plans would be required to par- Americans. This disease threatens to destroy sion, often as many as 100 volumes per set ticipate in coordinated open enrollment. whole generations on some reservations if for each session of Congress. As a chronicle C. The loss ratio requirement for all plans stronger federal action is not initiated. of events of the U.S. Congress over the years, would be increased to 85 percent. Surprisingly, much of the public is still un- the Congressional Serial Set is rivaled only by IV. COORDINATED OPEN ENROLLMENT aware of the dangers of drinking during preg- the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. While the Serial A. The Secretary would conduct an annual nancy. The medical community does not uni- Set records behind-the-scenes legislative ac- open enrollment period during which Medi- formly caution against alcohol consumption for tivities for the United States, the CONGRES- care beneficiaries could enroll in any pregnant women, and most medical schools SIONAL RECORD reflects the ``in session'' pro- MediGap plan, Medicare Select, or an HMO do not provide curriculum on FAS prevention ceedings. Distributed to the House and Senate contracting with Medicare. and detection. libraries, the Archives, the Library of Con- 1. Each Medigap plan, Medicare Select This bill seeks to address each of these is- plan, and HMO contractor would be required gress, and depository libraries, the Congres- to participate in the open enrollment sys- sues comprehensively. It requires the Depart- sional Serial Set joins the CONGRESSIONAL tem. ment of Health and Human Services to close RECORD in offering students and historians a 2. The Secretary would make available to the gaps in our current efforts to prevent FAS rich insight into the American system of gov- beneficiaries information on Medigap and and FAE by establishing a coordinating com- ernment. Medicare-contracting HMO plans. mittee to streamline program development and In late 1989, Ms. Saunders drew upon her B. Generally, except for cause, an enrollee eliminate duplicative research programs. The indepth knowledge of depository library pro- could enroll, disenroll, or switch plans only committee will develop professional practice gram responsibilities in informing the Nation, during the annual open enrollment period, standards and curriculum for health care pro- with the following exceptions: and her then-43 years of GPO experience, to During the first year of enrollment with a viders, and will initiate a national public aware- submit an employee suggestion regarding the limited access plan (including HMOs and ness program to outline the dangers of alcohol appendix to the Iran Contra Report to Con- Medicare Select) the beneficiary could consumption during pregnancy. Finally, addi- gress. She suggested that this 40-volume pub- disenroll at the end of any calendar quarter tional research will be conducted to aid detec- lication, which was printed as both a Senate and return to fee-for-service. During the sec- tion and a cure for FAS so that future genera- and House report, be bound only once for the ond year, disenrollment could only occur tions will not suffer from this debilitating dis- serial set volumes of House and Senate re- mid-year at the end of the second calendar ease. ports that are sent to depository libraries. She quarter. After the first two years, This bill, as evidence by our bipartisan list of disenrollment could only occur during the further suggested that the Schedule of Vol- open enrollment period; cosponsors, deserves the support of all Mem- umes, which is a listing of the bound volumes, There would be an exception for HMOs bers, and I look forward to working toward its contain a notation explaining the mission serial which the Secretary determines has reached passage. number voluments. The implementation of this capacity; f suggestion resulted in a reduction of 13,740 There would be an exception to individuals book volumes to be bound, saving the Federal newly eligible for Medicare or who are new VIRGINIA R. SAUNDERS, 50 YEARS Government over $600,000. In recognition of residents of the service area of a plan who OF FEDERAL SERVICE could enroll on an open enrollment basis dur- these efforts, she received GPO's top mone- ing the sixty-day period that begins thirty tary Suggestion Award for that year. In cere- days before they become eligible or before HON. STENY H. HOYER monies held on January 9, 1991, Ms. Saun- they become a resident of the service area. OF MARYLAND ders was awarded a Presidential letter of com- f IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES mendation under the Presidential Quality and Wednesday, May 24, 1995 Management Improvement Award Program. In COMPREHENSIVE FETAL ALCOHOL his letter to Ms. Saunders, President Bush SYNDROME PREVENTION ACT Mr. HOYER. Mr. Speaker, I rise today to noted, ``You have demonstrated to an excep- recognize Ms. Virginia Saunders, congres- tional degree my belief that Federal employ- HON. BILL RICHARDSON sional document specialist at the Government ees have the knowledge, ability, and desire to Printing Office, for reaching 50 years of dedi- OF NEW MEXICO make a difference.'' cated and enthusiastic Federal service on Fri- IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES I know my colleagues and Ms. Saunders' day, May 26, 1995. family, friends, and coworkers join me in con- Wednesday, May 24, 1995 Ms. Saunders was born Virginia R. Frisbie gratulating her on 50 years of exemplary Fed- Mr. RICHARDSON. Mr. Speaker, I am in Darlington, MD, on October 11, 1926. After eral service. working briefly at the Federal Bureau of Inves- pleased to introduce the Comprehensive Fetal f Alcohol Syndrome Prevention Act. Fetal Alco- tigation, she came to the Government Printing hol Syndrome [FAS] is the leading cause of Office on February 4, 1946, as a war service CONGRATULATIONS TO THE SHEL- mental retardation in the United States and is junior clerk typist in the division of public docu- TER ISLAND HEIGHTS POST OF- one of the most common birth defects to occur ments, stock section. Two years later, she FICE in our country. Diagnosis is rare prior to birth was promoted to the division of public docu- and there is no cure for FAS or Fetal Alcohol ments reference section. In February 1951, HON. MICHAEL P. FORBES Effects [FAE], its less severe counterpart. Ms. Saunders was promoted to indexing clerk OF NEW YORK This disease is completely preventable, by and earned subsequent promotions in the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES simply avoiding alcohol during pregnancy, but same classification. In July 1958, she was pro- the number of affected children is rising sharp- moted to library technician. Becoming a con- Wednesday, May 24, 1995 ly. Recent studies indicate that the percentage gressional documents specialist in April 1970, Mr. FORBES. Mr. Speaker, I rise today to of babies stricken by FAS has increased six- she was then promoted to supervisor of the praise the exceptional service provided by the fold in the last 15 years. congressional documents section in July 1974. Shelter Island Heights Post Office. For the The statistics are appalling: the disease af- In October 1983, Ms. Saunders assumed her past 115 years, the Shelter Island Heights fects 1 in 250 live births; 5,000 infants are current position of congressional documents Post Office has served the community with ex- born each year with the recognizable facial, specialist in the congressional printing man- treme dedication. I would also like to com- physical and mental abnormalities caused by agement division, customer services. mend the Shelter Island ferry service which FAS; 50,000 babies are born annually with Although one may not yet recognize the has provided the vital link between the main- FAE, and suffer from learning disabilities, name of this outstanding GPO employee, the land and Shelter Island. This ferry service has central nervous system damage, and physical end product of her dedicated efforts is cer- been at the heart of the Postal Service for the disorders. tainly familiar. Ms. Saunders has primary re- Shelter Island Heights community. With the Not only are the emotional impacts of these sponsibility for the Congressional Serial Set, help of this ferry service, the Shelter Island diseases devastating, the costs associated which is a compilation of all the House and Post Office has been able to deliver over 1.5

VerDate 24-MAY-95 07:05 May 25, 1995 Jkt 099061 PO 00000 Frm 00013 Fmt 0626 Sfmt 9920 E:\CR\CRI\E24MY5.REC e24my1 E 1116 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — Extensions of Remarks May 24, 1995 million pieces of mail in 1989 alone. Excel- of civic involvement. Their time, talents, and families, and minorities. The FMIC's greater lence at the Shelter Island Heights Post Office energy are appreciated by all of us. I thank flexibility will allow an even greater portion of has become the norm, not the exception. Joe and Brenda for their efforts and commend this market to gain sorely needed access to If one looks at the leadership of the Shelter them for their good work. capital and credit. Island Heights Post Office it comes as no sur- I applaud the Clinton Township Goodfellows The Federal Mortgage Insurance Corpora- prise that they have been able to maintain for recognizing Joe. He has provided out- tion act of 1995 will continue the successful such high standards of service. The Shelter Is- standing leadership to the group and I know public-private partnership of FHA. More fami- land Heights Post Office is led by its Post- he is proud to be honored by the members. lies will be able to share in American dream master Heather L. Reylek, who has helped The devotion the Goodfellows and Joe have of homeownership and it does not involve a keep her post office unsurpassed by any other displayed to their community is an inspiration. subsidy from the government. This is exactly in the Nation. She exemplifies all of the quali- Their contributions are many and they deserve the kind of effective governance that the ties that one would hope and expect for in a our gratitude for their compassion and work. American people expect and deserve. community's postmaster which include her ex- On behalf of the Clinton Township Good- My legislation carries forward the message cellent understanding of community issues fellows, I urge my colleagues to join me in sa- of the November 8 election: calling on us all and how they affect her employees. Mr. luting Joe Slabbinck. to streamline and reduce bureaucracy and to Speaker, I ask that you join me in congratulat- f do a better more efficient job, in this case pro- ing Postmaster Reylek on the excellent job moting the basic American dream of home- she has done as postmaster of the Shelter Is- INTRODUCTION OF THE FEDERAL ownership. land Heights Post Office. With her as post- MORTGAGE INSURANCE COR- f master, the Shelter Island Heights community PORATION ACT OF 1995 can no doubt expect its high standards of CREDIT OPPORTUNITY service to be continued. HON. JERRY WELLER AMENDMENTS ACT OF 1995 On Saturday, June 3, 1995, the accomplish- OF ILLINOIS ments of the Shelter Island Heights Post Of- IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES HON. BILL McCOLLUM fice will be celebrated at the special pictorial Wednesday, May 24, 1995 OF FLORIDA cancellation ceremony. At this ceremony, a IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES commemorative stamp of the ferry boat used Mr. WELLER. Mr. Speaker, I stand here Wednesday, May 24, 1995 in the Shelter Island Heights community since today to introduce legislation that will allow 1904 will be revealed to help illustrate the his- many AmericansÐthe low and middle income, Mr. MCCOLLUM. Mr. Speaker, today I am tory of this community. I can think of no better first-time homebuyers and minoritiesÐto em- introducing legislation to fundamentally reform way to celebrate these accomplishments than bark on a venture that is inherently part of the the Community Reinvestment Act of 1977 and with the issuance of this ferry boat stamp. I American dream. The bill I am introducingÐ to strengthen and clarify the enforcement of ask the entire House of Representatives to the Federal Mortgage Insurance Corporation fair lending laws. CRA is one of the worst ex- join with me in congratulating the Shelter Is- Act of 1995Ðwill give a helping hand to those amples of runaway federal regulation on the land Heights Post Office for a job well done. who want to buy a home and make a better books today. It is the number one regulatory f life for themselves and their families. Owning burden for our depository institutions and com- a home instills a sense of pride and respon- pliance costs exceed one billion dollars a year. TRIBUTE TO JOE SLABBINCK sibility and this bill will ensure that anyone in When originally adopted, CRA was de- our societyÐnot just the wealthyÐcan afford signed to stop redlining. Redlining is the prac- HON. DAVID E. BONIOR to buy a home here in the United States of tice of lenders refusing to make loans because OF MICHIGAN America. of the racial composition of the neighborhood IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The purpose of this legislation is to establish surrounding the property securing the loan. a Government corporation to administer the The enforcement of CRA quickly left its origi- Wednesday, May 24, 1995 highly successful single-family mortgage insur- nal purpose and turned toward credit alloca- Mr. BONIOR. Mr. Speaker, I rise today to ance program currently under the manage- tion. pay tribute to my good friend Joe Slabbinck ment of the Federal Housing Administration at I strongly support efforts to eliminate redlin- who is being honored this evening by the Clin- the Department of Housing and Urban Devel- ing. The legislation I am introducing today in- ton Township Goodfellows. Joe is being opment. Under a corporate structure, the sin- cludes redlining in the list of prohibited activi- named as a Goodfellow of the Year at a rec- gle family program will be better equipped to ties under the Equal Credit Opportunity Act ognition dinner at the Fern Hill Country Club in respond more efficiently to the needs of Amer- and the Fair Housing Act. This makes it clear Clinton Township, MI. icans in pursuit of the dream of home owner- that we will not tolerate illegal discrimination in Joe is currently a Board member and has ship. lending. served in the past as president, vice-president, The Corporation will be run by a Board of In adopting CRA in 1977, Congress did not and secretary of the Clinton Township Good- Directors made up of experts in housing fi- anticipate there would be any additional bur- fellows. He is also currently the president of nance and leaders in community action whose den on the banking industry. The Senate re- the Tenth Congressional Democratic Commit- neighborhoods have been well served by FHA port accompanying CRA indicates that Con- tee. I have known Joe for many years and over many years. The board will appoint a gress believed that all the data needed to as- have had the fortunate opportunity to work President who will run the day to day oper- sure compliance was available and no new re- with him on numerous occasions. Joe is a ations like any other president. The act re- porting or other paperwork would be required. nuts and bolts kind of guy who always makes lieves the Corporation of burdensome civil The enforcement of CRA by the federal sure that projects stay on track. This is true in service restrictions and procurement require- banking regulators grew in complexity and his role as a Goodfellow and as a Democrat. ments and provides paperwork reductions that burden throughout the years. In 1989, CRA After 30 years at Chrysler, his success at can hamper the productivity and progress of was amended to add provisions requiring writ- helping build world class quality cars is only the noblest of objectives that we undertake. ten evaluations and specific grades for institu- surpassed by his success in building organiza- Also, like other corporations, the FMIC must tions. This added further burdens for the in- tions dedicated to meeting people's needs. In carry on the FHA single family program tradi- dustry and set us on the precipice of credit al- addition to the Goodfellows, Joe has devoted tion of being a self-sufficient enterprise. Con- location. time and energy to the Interfaith Center for gress can only appropriate funds for the FMIC Recently, the Clinton Administration com- Racial Justice as well as the Volunteer Serv- to the extent that the Corporation has net in- pleted a two year effort to rewrite CRA regula- ices Committee of the United Community come. Moreover, the Office of Federal Hous- tions. The new rules vastly expand the paper- Service. His helpful attitude and relentless ing Enterprise Oversight will oversee the cap- work burdens for most banks. In addition, they drive ensure that organizational goals are al- italization of the FMIC funds as well as the complete the transition of CRA from prohibit- ways achieved. safety and soundness of its products. ing redlining to credit allocation. The new rules Taking an active role in one's community is The FMIC will also continue the successful require regulators to measure bank perform- a responsibility we all share, but few fulfill. Joe mission of the FHA only more efficiently. The ance on the basis of the total dollar amount and his wife, Brenda, have dedicated much of act will expand homeownership opportunities and number of loans made to certain areas or their lives to this endeavor. I deeply admire for those segments of the market that need it groups. This is credit allocation, pure and sim- their strong values and outstanding example most: first time homebuyers, lower income ple.

VerDate 24-MAY-95 07:05 May 25, 1995 Jkt 099061 PO 00000 Frm 00014 Fmt 0626 Sfmt 9920 E:\CR\CRI\E24MY5.REC e24my1 May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — Extensions of Remarks E 1117 Another concern with CRA is the enforce- USN (Retired) on the eve of his retirement TROA president in December 1986. Through ment mechanism. Under current law, perform- from his position as President of the Retired his stewardship, The Retired Officers Associa- ance under CRA is taken into account when a Officers Association. Because of his many ac- tion played a pivotal role in convincing Con- bank regulator is considering an application complishments, I consider it appropriate to for- gress to enact several legislative initiatives to from an institution for a merger or other trans- mally recognize him for his more than 50 maintain readiness and improve the quality of action. Consumer groups have used protests years of service to this Nation. life for all members of the military commu- to pending applications to force institutions to Admiral Kilcline was born in Detroit, MI, on nityÐactive, reserve and retired, plus their December 9, 1925. He enlisted in the United commit credit to certain borrowers or areas. In families and survivors. I won't describe all of States Navy in 1943, graduated from the U.S. some cases the institutions have been forced his accomplishments, but will briefly focus on to make grants to the protesting groups. Naval Academy in 1949, and was designated Recently, the Clinton Administration has a naval aviator in November 1950 after which a few to illustrate the breadth of his concern linked the enforcement of CRA with other fair he flew with VR±5 until 1953. Admiral Kilcline for military people. lending statutes. This has placed the Justice attended the Naval Postgraduate School and Under his direction, TROA supported Department in the position as an additional later Massachusetts Institute of Technology, strengthening the underpinning of the Mont- bank regulator. It also has further confused where he earned a masters degree in aero- gomery GI. Bill and thus provided a solid foun- the question of what is required to comply with nautical engineering in 1956. dation for our Nation's future leaders by plac- CRA and the fair lending laws. In addition, the He then joined Heavy Attack Squadron ing the wherewithal for a college education on Justice Department has begun using disparate Nine, serving on the Saratoga and Ranger. In the horizons of more than 1,000,000 young impact analysis to attempt to prove lending 1959, he was assigned to the staff of the men and women who otherwise might have discrimination. Disparate impact analysis is im- Commander Sixth Fleet. He completed the been denied that opportunity. He was ever ported from employment law and relies solely Command and Staff Course at the Navel War mindful of the adverse effects on morale and on statistical data to prove discrimination. Im- College and in 1962 completed test pilot retention caused by broken commitments and porting this analysis into lending discrimination school. He was later assigned as coordinator inadequate compensation and forcefully cham- is inappropriate. First, we should not find dis- of test programs for all attack aircraft at the crimination without some element of intent. In Naval Air Test Center. In January 1965, pioned the causes of fairness and equity. His addition, the statistics available present an in- Kilcline reported to Heavy Attack Squadron leadership efforts to preserve the long-stand- complete picture of the lending decision. Eleven (VAH±11) aboard the Forestall. He ing commitment to lifetime care in military The bill I am introducing today addresses commanded an RA5C squadron deployed to health care facilities, to fight perennial threats these problems. It amends CRA to eliminate the Vietnam theater. He returned to the staff to retiree Cost of Living Adjustments and to the current enforcement provisions and the re- of the Commander Naval Air Force, U.S. At- provide adequate military pay raises are some quirements for written evaluations. It replaces lantic Fleet in August 1967, and a year later of his other significant contributions. Most re- these sections with a new requirement that in- was assigned as operations officer and later cently, he fought and won the battle for a tran- stitutions disclose their activities undertaken to executive officer aboard the USS Ticonderoga sition plan that provides a comprehensive ben- meet the needs of the communities they serve (CVA±14) during operations off Vietnam. He efits package for those personnel and their and to make these disclosures available to the then became program manager for acquisition families who are forced out of active service public. and support of the RA±5C aircraft, Naval Air as a result of the force structure drawdown The legislation amends the Equal Credit Op- Systems Command. In October 1970, he was that, hopefully, is in its final stages. portunity Act and the Fair Housing Act to pro- named Director of Liaison with the House of One of Tom's added strengths has been his hibit redlining. In addition, it limits the Attorney Representatives under the Navy Office of Leg- lovely wife of 44 years, the former Dornell General's authority under the Acts to bring islative Affairs. cases only on referral from the primary regu- From August 1972 until May 1974, Kilcline Thompson of Pensacola, Florida. Dornell has lator. Finally, it limits the use of statistical data was commanding officer, Naval Air Station, stood steadfastly at his side, championing the to prove discrimination to those cases where Patuxent River, Maryland. He was then as- cause of military people, particularly their fami- there is evidence of intentional discrimination. signed as director of aviation officer distribu- lies and survivors, everywhere. For these con- Mr. Speaker, this bill will eliminate credit al- tion, aviation captain detailer and later, Assist- tributions, we owe her a debt of gratitude, as location by the federal bank regulators. It is ant Chief of Naval Personnel, Officer Distribu- well. tough on lenders that redline neighborhoods. tion and Education. In August 1975, he as- Yet, it is fair by removing costly and unneces- Tom and Dornell live in McLean, Virginia. sumed command of Naval Base Subic Bay sary burdens from financial institutions. These They have had four children: Captain Tom Jr., with duties as Commander In Chief Pacific burdens currently result in limiting the amount an F±14 pilot now in the Navy Chair at the Representative in the Philippines and Com- of credit available to our citizens and busi- National War College; Lieutenant Patrick, lost mander U.S. Naval Forces, Philippines. He nesses. in an F±14 accident off the USS Constellation; became Chief, Legislative Affairs in February Lieutenant Kathleen, a navy doctor killed in an f 1978 and in July 1981, was assigned as Com- auto accident; and Mary, wife of Commander mander Naval Air Forces, U.S. Atlantic Fleet. HONORING VICE ADMIRAL THOMAS bob Novak, a P±3 pilot assigned as a program J. KILCLINE, USN RET. He retired from the Navy in 1983. His awards include the Distinguished Serv- manager in the Naval Air Systems Command HON. JAMES P. MORAN ice Medal; the Legion of Merit with three gold in Washington, D.C. OF VIRGINIA stars; the Bronze Star; the Air Medal; and I wish to extend my heartfelt appreciation for IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES awards from the governments of the Phil- his numerous contributions to military people ippines and the Republic of Vietnam. everywhere and my best wishes for continued Wednesday, May 24, 1995 Following retirement, Admiral Kilcline formed success in all of his endeavors. Mr. MORAN. Mr. Speaker, today I rise to a military and congressional consulting firm pay tribute to Vice Admiral Thomas J. Kilcline, which he disestablished when he became

VerDate 24-MAY-95 07:05 May 25, 1995 Jkt 099061 PO 00000 Frm 00015 Fmt 0626 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\CRI\E24MY5.REC e24my1 E 1118 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — Extensions of Remarks May 24, 1995 SENATE COMMITTEE MEETINGS Appropriations States agricultural programs, focusing Interior Subcommittee on commodity policy. Title IV of Senate Resolution 4, To hold hearings on proposed budget es- SR–328A agreed to by the Senate on February 4, timates for fiscal year 1996 for the De- Appropriations 1977, calls for establishment of a sys- partment of the Interior. Defense Subcommittee SD–138 To hold hearings on proposed budget es- tem for a computerized schedule of all Energy and Natural Resources meetings and hearings of Senate com- timates for fiscal year 1996 for the De- Energy Production and Regulation Sub- partment of Defense, focusing on mittees, subcommittees, joint commit- committee health programs. tees, and committees of conference. To hold hearings on S. 708, to repeal sec- SD–192 This title requires all such committees tion 210 of the Public Utility Regu- to notify the Office of the Senate Daily latory Policies Act of 1978. JUNE 15 SD–366 Digest—designated by the Rules Com- Finance 9:30 a.m. mittee—of the time, place, and purpose To hold hearings on the overstatement of Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the meetings, when scheduled, and the Consumer Price Index. Production and Price Competitiveness any cancellations or changes in the SD–215 Subcommittee meetings as they occur. 2:00 p.m. To resume hearings on proposed legisla- Foreign Relations tion to strengthen and improve United As an additional procedure along East Asian and Pacific Affairs Subcommit- States agricultural programs, focusing with the computerization of this infor- tee on commodity policy. mation, the Office of the Senate Daily To hold hearings on democracy and the SR–328A Digest will prepare this information for rule of law in Hong Kong. SD–419 JUNE 19 printing in the Extensions of Remarks Joint Printing 2:00 p.m. section of the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD To hold oversight hearings on the activi- Governmental Affairs on Monday and Wednesday of each ties of the Government Printing Office Post Office and Civil Service Subcommit- (GPO). week. tee 1310 Longworth Building Meetings scheduled for Thursday, To resume hearings on proposals to re- form the Federal pension system. May 25, 1995, may be found in the Daily JUNE 7 SD–342 Digest of today’s RECORD. 9:30 a.m. Appropriations JUNE 20 MEETINGS SCHEDULED VA, HUD, and Independent Agencies Sub- committee 9:30 a.m. Appropriations MAY 26 To hold hearings on proposed budget es- timates for fiscal year 1996 for the Na- Defense Subcommittee 9:00 a.m. tional Service and the Selective Serv- To hold hearings on proposed budget es- Labor and Human Resources ice System. timates for fiscal year 1996 for the De- Business meeting, to consider the nomi- SD–192 partment of Defense, focusing on nation of Henry W. Foster Jr., of Ten- 10:00 a.m. counternarcotic programs. nessee, to be Medical Director in the Foreign Relations SD–192 Regular Corps of the Public Health Western Hemisphere and Peace Corps Af- Service, subject to qualifications fairs Subcommittee JUNE 22 therefor as provided by law and regula- To resume hearings on S. 381, to 9:30 a.m. tions, and to be Surgeon General of the strengthen international sanctions Indian Affairs Public Health Service, Department of against the Castro government in To hold joint hearings with the House Health and Human Services; and the Cuba, and to develop a plan to support Committee on Resources Subcommit- proposed Child Care and Development a transition government leading to a tee on Native American and Insular Af- Block Grant Amendments. democratically elected government in fairs on S. 487, to amend the Indian Cuba. SD–430 Gaming Regulatory Act. SD–419 9:30 a.m. SR–485 Appropriations Judiciary Youth Violence Subcommittee Legislative Branch Subcommittee JUNE 27 To hold hearings on proposed budget es- To hold hearings to examine issues relat- 9:30 a.m. timates for fiscal year 1996 for the Gen- ing to welfare, illegitimacy and juve- Appropriations eral Accounting Office, and the Office nile violence. Defense Subcommittee of Technology Assessment. SD–226 To hold hearings on proposed budget es- SD–116 JUNE 8 timates for fiscal year 1996 for the De- 10:00 a.m. partment of Defense. Finance 9:30 a.m. SD–192 Taxation and IRS Oversight Subcommittee Indian Affairs To hold hearings to examine S-Corpora- To hold hearings on S. 436, to improve JUNE 28 tion reform and the home office deduc- the economic conditions and supply of tion. housing in Native American commu- 9:30 a.m. SD–215 nities by creating the Native American Indian Affairs Financial Services Organization. To hold hearings on S. 814, to provide for SR–485 JUNE 6 the reorganization of the Bureau of In- 2:00 p.m. dian Affairs. 9:30 a.m. Energy and Natural Resources SR–485 Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry Forests and Public Land Management Sub- Forestry, Conservation, and Rural Revital- committee ization Subcommittee To hold hearings to review the Forest POSTPONEMENTS To hold hearings on proposed legislation Service reinvention proposal and the to strengthen and improve United proposed National Forest planning reg- States agricultural programs, focusing ulations. MAY 25 on resource conservation. SD–366 10:00 a.m. SR–328A Finance Appropriations JUNE 13 Social Security and Family Policy Sub- Defense Subcommittee 9:30 a.m. committee To hold closed hearings on proposed Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry To hold hearings to examine the finan- budget estimates for fiscal year 1996 for Production and Price Competitiveness cial and business practices of the the Department of Defense, focusing on Subcommittee American Association of Retired Per- intelligence programs. To hold hearings on proposed legislation sons (AARP). S–407, Capitol to strengthen and improve United SD–215

VerDate 24-MAY-95 07:05 May 25, 1995 Jkt 099061 PO 00000 Frm 00016 Fmt 0626 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\CRI\E24MY5.REC e24my1 Wednesday, May 24, 1995 Daily Digest

HIGHLIGHTS House Committees ordered reported 9 sundry measures. Senate (7) By 56 yeas to 44 nays (Vote No. 194), Exon Chamber Action (for Kerry) Amendment No. 1153, to maintain pub- Routine Proceedings, pages S7281–S7403 lic funding for Presidential campaigns. Measures Introduced: Three bills were introduced, Pages S7346±50 (8) By a unanimous vote of 100 yeas (Vote No. as follows: S. 848–850. Page S7388 193), McConnell Amendment No. 1154 (to Amend- Congressional Budget: Senate continued consider- ment No. 1153), to express the sense of the Senate ation of S. Con. Res. 13, setting forth the congres- on use of the Presidential Election Campaign Fund sional budget for the United States Government for in regard to sexual harassment. Pages S7347±49 the fiscal years 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, (9) Domenici/Grassley Amendment No. 1156, to 2001, and 2002, taking action on amendments pro- retain the prohibition against off-budget funding for posed thereto, as follows: Pages S7281±S7371 the Internal Revenue Service and to express the sense Adopted: of the Senate that funding for tax compliance efforts (1) By 85 yeas to 14 nays (Vote No. 186), Hat- should be a top priority and that the assumptions field Amendment No. 1133, to restore funds cut underlying the functional totals in this resolution in- from the National Institutes of Health. clude the administration’s full request for the I.R.S. Pages S7293±S7304, S7307 Pages S7350±51 (2) Domenici Amendment No. 1145, to make cer- (10) Exon (for Boxer) Amendment No. 1158, to tain technical corrections. Page S7331 express the sense of the Congress that no member of (3) Domenici (for Bingaman) Amendment No. Congress may use campaign funds to defend against 1146, to express the sense of the Senate regarding sexual harassment lawsuits. (By 1 yea to 99 nays the establishment of a nonpartisan advisory commis- (Vote No. 196), Senate earlier failed to table the amendment.) Pages S7351±52 sion on budgeting and accounting. Pages S7331±32 (11) By 55 yeas to 45 nays (Vote No. 197), Dole (4) Domenici (for Dole) Amendment No. 1147, to Amendment No. 1159 (to Amendment No. 1158), express the sense of the Senate that the reforms and to express the sense of the Congress that no member proposals contained within the Independent Budget of Congress or the Executive Branch may use cam- for Veterans Affairs, fiscal year 1996, should be paign funds or privately donated funds to defend given careful consideration in an effort to ensure the against sexual harassment lawsuits. Page S7351 Nation’s commitment to its veterans. Page S7333 (12) Exon (for Murray) Amendment No. 1164, to (5) By 51 yeas to 49 nays (Vote No. 188), express the sense of the Senate that the Federal Gov- McConnell Amendment No. 1148, to provide for ernment has a financial responsibility to schools in continued funding for economic development in Ap- our Nation’s communities which are adversely af- palachian Region. Pages S7336±39 fected by Federal activities and that funding for such (6) By 51 yeas to 49 nays (Vote No. 192), responsibilities should not be reduced or eliminated. Coverdell Amendment No. 1152, to express the Page S7361 sense of the Senate regarding reimbursement to the (13) Exon (for Pell) Modified Amendment No. States for the costs of implementing the National 1165, to express the sense of the Senate regarding Voter Registration Act of 1993 under budget func- student loan cuts. Pages S7361±62, S7364 tion 800. Pages S7345±46 (14) Exon (for Lautenberg) Amendment No. 1166, to repeal the ex-patriot tax loophole and put the money into veterans programs. Pages S7362±64 D 656

VerDate 24-MAY-95 07:01 May 25, 1995 Jkt 099061 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 0627 Sfmt 0627 E:\CR\CRI\D24MY5.REC d24my1 May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — DAILY DIGEST D 657 (15) By 97 yeas to 3 nays (Vote No. 202), Do- of research, technology, and trade promotion and menici (for McCain) Amendment No. 1167 (to trade law enforcement programs. (By 53 yeas to 47 Amendment No. 1166), to repeal the ex-patriot tax nays (Vote No. 200), Senate tabled the amendment.) loophole and use the money to eliminate the social Pages S7353±60 security earnings penalty. Pages S7363±64 Withdrawn: Rejected: Hatfield/Jeffords Amendment No. 1132, to restore (1) By 28 yeas to 71 nays (Vote No. 181), Har- funds cut from the National Institutes of Health. kin/Bumpers Amendment No. 1126, to reduce un- Page S7293 necessary military spending, holding military spend- During consideration of this measure today, the ing to a freeze in overall spending over 7 years pro- Senate took the following action: tecting readiness and modernization activities, and By 46 yeas to 54 nays (Vote No. 187), three-fifths shifting the savings to education and job training, of those Senators duly chosen and sworn not having restoring a portion of the reductions proposed for voted in the affirmative, Senate rejected a motion to those programs in the resolution. Pages S7305±06 waive section 904 of the Congressional Budget Act (2) By 44 yeas to 55 nays (Vote No. 182), of 1974 with respect to consideration of Boxer Feingold/Hollings Amendment No. 1127, to strike Amendment No. 1134, to establish a prohibition of the budget surplus allowance provision (Section 204) legislation that would include a tax cut unless 90 from the resolution to eliminate the use of the fiscal percent of the benefits go to the middle class. Subse- dividend for further tax cuts. Page S7306 quently, a point of order that the amendment was (3) Bumpers Amendment No. 1130, to strike the in violation of Section 305(b)(2) of the Congressional proposed change in the budget process rules which Budget Act was sustained, and the amendment was would permit the scoring of revenue derived from ruled out of order. Pages S7307±08, S7316±17, S7334±35 the sale of federal assets. (By 52 yeas to 47 nays (Vote No. 183), Senate tabled the amendment.) By 31 yeas to 69 nays (Vote No. 191), three-fifths of those Senators duly chosen and sworn not having Pages S7304±06 (4) Dodd Amendment No. 1131 (to Amendment voted in the affirmative, Senate rejected a motion to No. 1128), to restore $28,000,000,000 in outlays waive section 904 of the Congressional Budget Act over seven years to reduce by $16,000,000,000 the of 1974 with respect to consideration of Exon discretionary cuts proposed in education and reduce Amendment No. 1151, to restore funding for agri- the reconciliation instruction to the Committee on culture and nutrition programs. Subsequently, a Labor and Human Resources by $12,000,000,000 by point of order that the amendment was in violation closing corporate tax loopholes. (By 51 yeas to 48 of Section 305(b)(2) was sustained, and the amend- nays (Vote No. 184), Senate tabled the amendment.) ment was ruled out of order. Pages S7344±45 Pages S7290±93, S7306 Exon (for Glenn) Amendment No. 1155, to re- (5) By 39 yeas to 60 nays (Vote No. 185), Snowe store the IRS compliance initiative, became moot Amendment No. 1128, to increase funding for man- upon adoption of Domenici/Grassley Amendment datory spending in function 500 (Education). No. 1156, listed above. Pages S7350±51 Pages S7281±93, S7307 By 40 yeas to 60 nays (Vote No. 198), three-fifths (6) By 50 yeas to 50 nays (Vote No. 189), Sar- of those Senators duly chosen and sworn not having banes Amendment No. 1149, to restore the cuts to voted in the affirmative, Senate rejected a motion to Federal retirement programs by providing that the waive section 904 of the Congressional Budget Act Federal retirement programs will continue to cal- of 1974 with respect to consideration of Exon culate retirement benefits from the average of an em- Amendment No. 1160, to limit increases in the ployee’s high 3 years of service. Pages S7339±40 public debt. Subsequently, a point of order that the (7) Roth Amendment No. 1150, to prohibit in- amendment was in violation of Section 305(b)(2) of cluding revenues in the budget resolution based on the Congressional Budget Act was sustained, and the oil and gas leasing within the Arctic National Wild- amendment was ruled out of order. Pages S7352±53 life Refuge. (By 56 yeas to 44 nays (Vote No. 190), By 41 yeas to 59 nays (Vote No. 199), three-fifths Senate tabled the amendment.) Pages S7340±43 of those Senators duly chosen and sworn not having (8) Glenn Amendment No. 1157 (to Amendment voted in the affirmative, Senate rejected a motion to No. 1156), to strike provisions providing for a repeal waive section 904 of the Congressional Budget Act of the IRS allowance. (By 58 yeas to 42 nays (Vote of 1974 with respect to consideration of Exon (for No. 195), Senate tabled the amendment.) Moynihan) Amendment No. 1161, to restore fund- Pages S7350±51 ing to the AFDC and JOBS programs by using (9) Exon (for Bingaman) Amendment No. 1162, amounts set aside for a tax cut. Subsequently, a to express the sense of the Senate on the importance point of order that the amendment was in violation

VerDate 24-MAY-95 07:01 May 25, 1995 Jkt 099061 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 0627 Sfmt 0627 E:\CR\CRI\D24MY5.REC d24my1 D 658 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — DAILY DIGEST May 24, 1995 of Section 305(b)(2) was sustained, and the amend- Robert H. Whaley, of Washington, to be United ment was ruled out of order. Page S7353 States District Judge for the Eastern District of By 45 yeas to 55 nays (Vote No. 201), three-fifths Washington. of those Senators duly chosen and sworn not having B. Lynn Winmill, of Idaho, to be United States voted in the affirmative, Senate rejected a motion to District Judge for the District of Idaho. waive section 904 of the Congressional Budget Act A routine list in the Marine Corps. Page S7403 of 1974 with respect to consideration of Exon (for Messages From the President: Pages S7387±88 Murray) Amendment No. 1163, to protect children Messages From the House: Page S7388 receiving health care insurance under Medicaid. Sub- sequently, a point of order that the amendment was Statements on Introduced Bills: Pages S7389±90 in violation of Section 305(b)(2) was sustained, and Additional Cosponsors: Pages S7390±91 the amendment was ruled out of order. Amendments Submitted: Pages S7391±99 Pages S7360±61 Senate will resume consideration of the resolution Authority for Committees: Pages S7399±S7400 on Thursday, May 25, 1995, with further votes to Additional Statements: Pages S7400±01 occur thereon. Record Votes: Twenty-two record votes were taken Supplemental Rescissions Conference Report: today. (Total—202) Pages S7305±07, S7334±35, Senate began consideration of the conference report S7339±40, S7343, S7345±46, S7349±51, S7353, S7360±61, on H.R. 1158, making emergency supplemental ap- S7363±64 propriations for additional disaster assistance and Recess: Senate convened at 8 a.m., and recessed at making rescissions for the fiscal year ending Septem- 8:42 p.m., until 9 a.m., on Thursday, May 25, ber 30, 1995. Pages S7371±85 1995. (For Senate’s program, see the remarks of the Senate will resume consideration of the conference Acting Majority Leader in today’s RECORD on page report on Thursday, May 25, 1995, with a vote to S7403.) occur thereon. Appointments: Committee Meetings Office of Compliance: The Chair, on behalf of the Ma- (Committees not listed did not meet) jority and Minority Leaders of the Senate and the Speaker and Minority Leader of the House of Rep- 1995 FARM BILL resentatives, pursuant to Public Law 104–1, an- Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry: Sub- nounced the joint appointment of the following in- committee on Research, Nutrition, and General Leg- dividuals as members of the Board of Directors of islation concluded hearings on proposed legislation the Office of Compliance: Glen D. Nager, of Wash- to strengthen and improve United States agricultural ington, D.C., for a term of 5 years and to serve as programs, focusing on research and the future of Chair; Virginia A. Seitz, of Washington, D.C., for a American agriculture, after receiving testimony from term of 5 years; Jerry M. Hunter, of Missouri, for Karl Stauber, Under Secretary Designate of Agri- a term of 4 years; James N. Adler, of California, for culture for Research, Education and Economics; a term of 4 years; and Lawrence Z. Lorber, of Wash- Susan E. Offutt, Executive Director of the Board on ington, D.C., for a term of 3 years. Page S7401 Agriculture, National Research Council; John Messages From the President: Senate received the Owens, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, on following messages from the President of the United behalf of the National Association of State Univer- States: sities and Land-Grant Colleges; Victor L. Transmitting the report on aeronautics and space Lechtenberg, Purdue University, West Lafayette, In- for fiscal year 1994; referred to the Committee on diana, on behalf of the Research and Education Commerce, Science, and Transportation. (PM–52). Working Group of the National Center for Food and Agricultural Policy; Frank F. Busta, University of Page S7388 Minnesota, St. Paul, on behalf of the Institute of Nominations Received: Senate received the follow- Food Technologists; William R. Sprague, Kentucky ing nominations: Farm Bureau, Louisville, on behalf of the American Linda Lee Robertson, of Oklahoma, to be a Dep- Farm Bureau Federation; Michael Wehler, Plain, uty Under Secretary of the Treasury. Wisconsin, on behalf of the Animal Agriculture Co- Joseph H. McKinley, Jr., of Kentucky, to be alition; Robert F. Barnes, American Society of United States District Judge for the Western Dis- Agronomy, Madison, Wisconsin, on behalf of the trict of Kentucky. Crop Science Society of America and the Soil Science

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Society of America; Alan Goldhammer, Bio- WELFARE REFORM technology Industry Organization, Washington, Committee on Finance: Committee began markup of D.C.; Larry Jefferies, New Castle, Kentucky, on be- H.R. 4, to control welfare spending and reduce wel- half of the Campaign for Sustainable Agriculture; fare dependence by requiring States to encourage job and David Morris, Institute for Local Self-Reliance, placement measures, to provide for a job voucher Minneapolis, Minnesota. program through the use of private profit and non- profit organizations, to eliminate certain Federal re- APPROPRIATIONS—FISH AND WILDLIFE quirements to give States additional flexibility in op- erating their Job Opportunities and Basic Skill SERVICE Training Program (JOBS), and to establish a tem- Committee on Appropriations: Subcommittee on the In- porary family assistance grant under which States can terior and Related Agencies held hearings on pro- provide assistance to needy families with minor chil- posed budget estimates for fiscal year 1996 for the dren, but did not complete action thereon, and will Fish and Wildlife Service, receiving testimony from continue tomorrow. George T. Frampton, Jr., Assistant Secretary for Fish AVIATION SAFETY and Wildlife and Parks, Mollie H. Beattie, Director, Committee on Governmental Affairs: Subcommittee on United States Fish and Wildlife Service, and Mary Oversight of Government Management and the Dis- Ann Lawler, Director of Budget, all of the Depart- trict of Columbia held hearings to examine the safe- ment of the Interior ty implications of unapproved aviation parts used in Subcommittee will meet again on Tuesday, June the rebuilding of aircraft, receiving testimony from 6. David R. Hinson, Administrator, Federal Aviation Administration, A. Mary Schiavo, Inspector General, MEXICAN BANKING SYSTEM and Harry Schaefer, Assistant Special Agent-in- Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs: Charge, Office of the Inspector General, all of the Committee concluded hearings to examine the im- Department of Transportation; Thomas T. Kubic, pact of the peso devaluation and the Administration Chief, Financial Crimes Section, Federal Bureau of aid package on the banking system and economy of Investigation, Department of Justice; Chester Paul Mexico, after receiving testimony from Jerome I. Beach, Jr., United Technologies Corporation, East Levinson, Economic Policy Institute, and Christopher Hartford, Connecticut, on behalf of the Aerospace Whalen, Legal Research International, Inc., both of Industries Association; Michael F. Rioux, Air Trans- Washington, D.C.; Bernard L. Weinstein, University port Association of America, Walter S. Coleman, Re- of North Texas, Denton; Alberto Sanchez, Deutsche gional Airline Association, and Edward J. Glueckler, Bank Securities Corp., New York, New York; Juan Airline Suppliers Association, all of Washington, Auping, Iberian American University, Raymundo D.C.; Gabor Kish, New York, New York; and James Artiz, National Association of Manufacturers, and M. Frisbee, Apple Valley, Minnesota. Javier Livas, all of Mexico City, Mexico; Sra. Liliana Hearings were recessed subject to call. Flores, Monterrey, Mexico; and Gabriel Hinojosa, COUNTER-TERRORISM Puebla, Mexico. Committee on the Judiciary: Committee held hearings on the Administration’s counter-terrorism intel- INTERNATIONAL AVIATION POLICY ligence gathering proposals, focusing on whether Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation: Sub- there is a need for increased wiretap and infiltration committee on Aviation concluded hearings to exam- authority for Federal law enforcement, receiving ine issues relating to international aviation policy, written testimony from Jamie S. Gorelick, Deputy after receiving testimony from Federico Pena, Sec- Attorney General, Department of Justice; James E. retary, and Stephen H. Kaplan, General Counsel, Moody, Acting Deputy Assistant Director, Federal both of the Department of Transportation; Kenneth Bureau of Investigation; and James X. Dempsey, M. Mead, Director, Transportation Issues, Resources, Center for National Security Studies, and Donald M. Community, and Economic Development Division, Haines, American Civil Liberties Union, both of General Accounting Office; Ronald Allen, Delta Air- Washington, D.C. lines, and Thomas H. Weidemeyer, United Parcel Hearings were recessed subject to call. Service Airlines, both of Atlanta, Georgia; Gerald Greenwald, United Airlines, Chicago, Illinois; Jeffrey INTELLIGENCE Erickson, Trans World Airlines, Inc., St. Louis, Mis- Select Committee on Intelligence: Committee held closed souri; Robert L. Crandall, AMR Corporation, Dallas, hearings on intelligence matters, receiving testimony Texas; and George F. Doughty, Lehigh Northampton from officials of the intelligence community. Airport Authority, Allentown, Pennsylvania. Committee recessed subject to call.

VerDate 24-MAY-95 07:01 May 25, 1995 Jkt 099061 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 0627 Sfmt 0627 E:\CR\CRI\D24MY5.REC d24my1 D 660 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — DAILY DIGEST May 24, 1995 House of Representatives The Hastings amendment that sought to increase Chamber Action the authorization for the Development Fund for Af- Bills Introduced: Nineteen public bills, H.R. rica by $173 million (rejected by a recorded vote of 1690–1708; and one resolution, H.J. Res. 92, were 141 ayes to 278 noes with 1 voting ‘‘present’’, Roll introduced. Pages H5570±71 No. 354). Pages H5544±52 Committees To Sit: The following committees and Presidential Message—Aeronautics and Space: their subcommittees were authorized to sit today Message wherein he transmits a report on the Na- during proceedings of the House under the 5-minute tion’s achievements in aeronautics and space during rule: Committees on Agriculture, Banking and Fi- fiscal year 1994—referred to the Committee on nancial Services, Commerce, Economic and Edu- Science. Page H5553 cational Opportunities, Government Reform and Office of Compliance: The Speaker and Minority Oversight, Judiciary, National Security, Resources, Leader of the House and the Majority and Minority and Select Intelligence. Page H5490 Leaders of the Senate jointly appointed the following Agreed To: persons from private life to the Board of Directors The Smith of New Jersey amendment that pro- of the Office of Compliance: Mr. Glen D. Nager of hibits the availability of funds authorized for popu- Washington, D.C., Chairman, to a 5-year term; Ms. lation assistance to any private, nongovernmental, or Virginia A. Seitz of Washington, D.C. to a 5-year multilateral organization that directly or indirectly term; Mr. Jerry M. Hunter of Missouri, to a 4-year performs abortions in a foreign country, except in in- term; Mr. James N. Adler of California, to a 4-year stances of rape, incest, or when the life of the moth- term; and Mr. Lawrence Z. Lorber of Washington, er is in danger (agreed to by a recorded vote of 240 D.C. to a 3-year term. Page H5553 ayes to 181 noes, Roll No. 350); Amendments Ordered Printed: Amendments or- Pages H5490±92, H5502 dered printed pursuant to the rule appear on pages The Bereuter amendment, as amended by the H5572–75. Brownback amendment, that increases the authoriza- tion for the Food for Peace program by $25 million Quorum Calls—Votes: Six recorded votes devel- by reducing authorizations in other categories; and oped during the proceedings of the House today and Pages H5528±30 appear on pages H5501, H5502, H5527–28, The Bereuter amendment, as amended by the H5521–32, H5544, and H5551–52. There were no Smith of New Jersey amendment (agreed to by a re- quorum calls. corded vote of 266 ayes to 156 noes, Roll No. 353), Adjournment: Met at 10 a.m. and adjourned at that strikes the earmark for the resettlement of 8:51 p.m. South Asian boat people. Pages H5533±44 Rejected: Committee Meetings The Morella amendment to the Smith of New Jer- sey amendment that sought to provide that the abor- FARM BILL—CONSERVATION ISSUES tion prohibitions contained in the amendment would Committee on Agriculture: Subcommittee on Resource not be applicable to the medical treatment of inju- Conservation, Research, and Forestry held a hearing ries or illnesses caused by unsafe abortions (rejected on Conservation issues in the 1995 Farm bill. Testi- by a recorded vote of 198 ayes to 227 noes, Roll No. mony was heard from Representatives Bereuter, 349); Pages H5492±H5501 Furse and Pete Geren of Texas; the following offi- The McKinney amendment that sought to pro- cials of the USDA: Jim Lyons, Under Secretary, Nat- hibit military assistance or arms transfers to a for- ural Resources and the Environment; and Paul John- eign government unless the President certified that son, Chief, Natural Resource Conservation Service; the foreign government adheres to a national code of and public witnesses. conduct (rejected by a recorded vote of 157 ayes to 262 noes, Roll No. 351); Pages H5502±28 FARM BILL—SUGAR The Wynn amendment that sought to authorize Committee on Agriculture: Subcommittee on Risk Man- $12 million in fiscal years 1996 and 1997 for debt agement and Specialty Crops held a hearing on 1995 relief for Latin America and the Caribbean (rejected Farm Bill—Sugar Title. Testimony was heard from by a recorded vote of 125 ayes to 297 noes, Roll No. Representatives Crapo, Miller of Florida, Schumer, 352); and Pages H5530±32 Mink, and English; Gene Moos, Under Secretary,

VerDate 24-MAY-95 07:01 May 25, 1995 Jkt 099061 PO 00000 Frm 00005 Fmt 0627 Sfmt 0627 E:\CR\CRI\D24MY5.REC d24my1 May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — DAILY DIGEST D 661 Farm and Foreign Agriculture Service, USDA; Wil- Ramspeck: Reform, Repeal, or Retention. Testimony liam Slyne, Chief, Import Operations, U.S. Customs was heard from Representative Goss; Timothy Bowl- Service, Department of the Treasury; and public wit- ing, Associate Director, Federal Human Resource nesses. Management Issues, GAO; James B. King, Director, OPM; Theresa Trujeque, Deputy Assistant Secretary, COMMERCE, JUSTICE, STATE, AND House Resources, Department of the Interior; W. JUDICIARY APPROPRIATIONS Scott Gould, Deputy Assistant Secretary, Finance Committee on Appropriations: Subcommittee on Com- and Management, Department of the Treasury; Eu- merce, Justice, State, and Judiciary continued appro- gene Kinlow, Deputy Assistant Secretary, Personnel, priations hearings. Testimony was heard from Mem- Department of Health and Human Services; and a bers of Congress. public witness. The Subcommittee also held a hearing on the Legal Services Corporation. Testimony was heard FLAG DESECRATION from the following officials of the Legal Services Committee on the Judiciary: Subcommittee on the Con- Corporation: Douglas S. Eakeley, Chairman; Alexan- stitution held a hearing on H.J. Res. 79, proposing der D. Forger, President; and Thomas F. Smegal, Jr., an amendment to the Constitution of the United member of the Board. States authorizing the Congress and the States to VA, HUD, AND INDEPENDENT AGENCIES prohibit the physical desecration of the flag of the APPROPRIATIONS United States. Testimony was heard from Represent- Committee on Appropriations: Subcommittee on VA, atives Solomon and Montgomery; and public wit- HUD, and Independent Agencies concluded hearings nesses. on the EPA. Testimony was heard from Carol M. IMMIGRATION ISSUES Browner, Administrator, EPA. Committee on the Judiciary: Subcommittee on Immi- FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS REGULATORY gration and Claims held a hearing on immigration RELIEF ACT issues. Testimony was heard from Representatives Committee on Banking and Financial Services: Sub- Packard, Lofgren, Bilbray, Rohrabacher, Martini, committee on Financial Institutions and Consumer Foley, Goss, Kim, Pickett, Underwood, Molinari, Credit continued hearings on the broad issue of reg- Mink, Beilenson, Seastrand, Torres, Filner, Hutchin- ulatory burden relief as well as those matters ad- son, and Coleman. dressed in H.R. 1362, Financial Institutions Regu- latory Relief Act of 1995. Testimony was heard from MISCELLANEOUS MEASURES Representative Waters; and public witnesses. Committee on National Security: Ordered reported Hearings continue June 8. amended the following bills: H.R. 1141, Sikes Act MISCELLANEOUS MEASURES Improvement Amendments of 1994; H.R. 1347, Maritime Administration Authorization Act for fiscal Committee on Commerce: Ordered reported the follow- year 1996; H.R. 1350, Maritime Security Act of ing bills: H.R. 558, Texas Low-Level Radioactive 1995. Waste Disposal Compact Consent Act; and H.R. The Committee also began markup of H.R. 1530, 1323, amended, Pipeline Safety Act of 1995. National Defense Authorization for fiscal year 1996. The Committee also began markup of H.R. 1555, Communications Act of 1995. MISCELLANEOUS MEASURES Will continue tomorrow. Committee on Resources: Ordered reported the following CONSOLIDATED AND REFORMED bills: H.R. 1332, amended, Rongelap Recovery and EDUCATION, EMPLOYMENT AND Community Self-Reliance Act; S. 523, to amend the REHABILITATION SYSTEMS Colorado River Basin Salinity Control Act to author- Committee on Economic and Educational Opportunities: ize additional measures to carry out the control of Ordered reported amended H.R. 1617, Consolidated salinity upstream of Imperial Dam in a cost-effective and Reformed Education, Employment and Rehabili- manner; and H.R. 1070, to designate the reservoir tation Systems. created by Trinity Dam in Central Valley project, CA as ‘‘Trinity Lake.’’ RAMSPECK: REFORM, REPEAL, OR RETENTION COMMITTEE BUSINESS Committee on Government Reform and Oversight: Sub- Committee on Standards of Official Conduct: Met in ex- committee on Civil Service held a hearing on ecutive session to consider pending business.

VerDate 24-MAY-95 07:01 May 25, 1995 Jkt 099061 PO 00000 Frm 00006 Fmt 0627 Sfmt 0627 E:\CR\CRI\D24MY5.REC d24my1 D 662 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — DAILY DIGEST May 24, 1995 EXPLORE INCREASING AND IMPROVING with Respect to Taxes on Income and Capital, 10 a.m., OPTIONS FOR MEDICARE BENEFICIARIES SD–419. Full Committee, business meeting, to continue to mark Committee on Ways and Means: Subcommittee on up proposed legislation authorizing funds for foreign as- Health continued hearings to explore increasing and sistance programs, 2 p.m., SD–419. improving options for Medicare Beneficiaries, with Full Committee, to hold hearings on the nominations emphasis on Medicare HMO Enrollment Growth of Timothy Michael Carney, of Washington, to be Am- and Payment Policies. Testimony was heard from bassador to the Republic of Sudan, Donald K. Steinberg, Gail Wilensky. Chair, Physician Payment Review of California, to be Ambassador to the Republic of An- Commission; Stuart H. Altman, Chairman, Prospec- gola, Mosina H. Jordan, of New York, to be Ambassador tive Payment Assessment Commission; Jonathan to the Central African Republic, and Lannon Walker, of Ratner, Associate Director, Health Financing Issues, Maryland, to be Ambassador to the Republic of Cote GAO; and public witnesses. D’Ivoire, 3 p.m., S–116, Capitol. Hearings continue tomorrow. Committee on Governmental Affairs, business meeting, to consider pending nominations, 10 a.m., SD–342. SOCIAL SECURITY DISABILITY INSURANCE Committee on the Judiciary, Subcommittee on Terrorism, PROGRAM Technology, and Government Information, to hold hear- Committee on Ways and Means: Subcommittee on So- ings to examine the impact of the militia movement in the United States, 9:30 a.m., SD–226. cial Security concluded hearings on the Social Secu- Committee on Labor and Human Resources, Subcommittee rity Disability Insurance Program. Testimony was on Education, Arts and Humanities, to hold hearings to heard from Representatives McCrery, Gekas, Kan- examine the business role in vocational education, 9:30 jorski, Costello, and Bass. a.m., SD–430. f Subcommittee on Children and Families, to hold hear- ings to examine child protection issues, 2:30 p.m., COMMITTEE MEETINGS FOR THURSDAY, SD–430. MAY 25, 1995 Committee on Rules and Administration, to hold hearings (Committee meetings are open unless otherwise indicated) on proposed legislation authorizing funds for the Federal Election Commission, 9:30 a.m., SR–301. Senate Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry, Sub- NOTICE committee on Marketing, Inspection, and Product Pro- For a listing of Senate Committee Meetings sched- motion, to hold hearings on proposed legislation to strengthen and improve United States agricultural pro- uled ahead, see page E1118 in today’s RECORD. grams, focusing on Federal farm export programs, 10 House a.m., S–116, Capitol. Committee on Appropriations, Subcommittee on Military Committee on Agriculture, Subcommittee on General Construction, to hold hearings on proposed budget esti- Farm Commodities, hearing on the 1995 Farm Bill— mates for fiscal year 1996 for military construction pro- Cotton and Feed Grains Titles, 10 a.m., 1302 Longworth. grams of the Department of Defense, focusing on Army Subcommittee on Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry, hear- and certain Defense agencies, 10 a.m., SD–192. ing on the classified pricing for milk, the appropriate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, busi- number of classes within the pricing system, replacement ness meeting, to mark up proposed securities litigation of the Minnesota-Wisconsin (‘‘M–W’’) series, formulae to reform legislation, and to consider the nominations of determine future prices for manufacturing and Class I Bruce A. Morrison, of Connecticut, and J. Thimothy milk, the continuation of state make allowances, the con- O’Neill, of Virginia, each to be a Director of the Federal tinuation or elimination of Class III–A pricing, and mul- Housing Finance Board, 10 a.m., S–207, Capitol. tiple component pricing, 9 a.m., 1300 Longworth. Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, to hold hear- Committee on Banking and Financial Services, Subcommit- ings on S. 638, to authorize funds for United States insu- tee on Domestic and International Monetary Policy, to lar areas, 9:30 a.m., SD–366. markup legislation authorizing appropriations for the Subcommittee on Forests and Public Land Manage- International Financial Institutions, 9:30 a.m., 2172 Ray- ment, to hold hearings on property line disputes within burn. the Nez Perce Indian Reservation in Idaho, 2 p.m., Subcommittee on Housing and Community Oppor- SD–366. tunity, hearing on innovative approaches to homeowner- Committee on Finance, business meeting, to resume ship opportunities, focusing on the efforts of Habitat for markup of H.R. 4, to restore the American family, reduce Humanity International; to be followed by a markup of illegitimacy, control welfare spending and reduce welfare the Homesteading and Neighborhood Restoration Act, dependence, 9:30 a.m., SD–215. 9:30 a.m., 2128 Rayburn. Committee on Foreign Relations, to hold hearings on var- Committee on Commerce, to continue markup of H.R. ious treaties on Conventions and Protocols on Avoidance 1555, Communications Act of 1995, time to be an- of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion nounced, 2123 Rayburn.

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Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, hearing Committee on Resources, Subcommittee on Fisheries, on A Consumer’s Perspective on Drugs and Biologics, 9 Wildlife and Oceans, hearing on H.R. 1675, National a.m., 2322 Rayburn. Wildlife Refuge Improvement Act of 1995, 10 a.m., Committee on Economic and Educational Opportunities, Sub- 1334 Longworth. committee on Workforce Protections, hearing on Adams Endangered Species Act Task Force, to continue over- Fruit, 1 p.m., 2175 Rayburn. sight hearings on the Endangered Species Act, 12 p.m., Committee on Government Reform and Oversight, and the 1324 Rayburn. Committee on National Security, joint hearing on H.R. Committee on Small Business, Subcommittee on Govern- 1670, The Federal Acquisition Reform Act of 1995, 10 ment Programs, hearing on the SBA’s Disaster Assistance a.m., 2154 Rayburn. Loan Program, 2 p.m., 2359 Rayburn. Committee on the Judiciary, Subcommittee on the Con- Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, Sub- stitution, to mark up H.J. Res. 79, proposing an amend- committee on Railroads, to mark up AMTRAK reauthor- ment to the Constitution of the United States authorizing the Congress and the States to prohibit the physical dese- ization, 10 a.m., 2167 Rayburn. cration of the flag of the United States, 10:30 a.m., 2237 Committee on Ways and Means, Subcommittee on Health, Rayburn. to continue hearings to explore increasing and improving Subcommittee on the Constitution, hearing on the au- options for Medicare Beneficiaries, 10 a.m., 1100 Long- thorization and oversight of the Civil Rights Division of worth. the Department of Justice, 1 p.m., 2237 Rayburn.

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Next Meeting of the SENATE Next Meeting of the HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 9 a.m., Thursday, May 25 10 a.m., Thursday, May 25

Senate Chamber House Chamber Program for Thursday: Senate will resume consideration Program for Thursday: Continue consideration of H.R. of the conference report on H.R. 1158, Supplemental Re- 1561, American Overseas Interests Act. scissions, with a vote to occur thereon, following which Senate will resume consideration of S. Con. Res. 13, Con- gressional Budget, with further votes to occur thereon. Senate is also expected to consider S. 735, Comprehen- sive Terrorism Prevention Act.

Extensions of Remarks, as inserted in this issue

HOUSE Houghton, Amo, N.Y., E1103 Roukema, Marge, N.J., E1110 Hoyer, Steny H., Md., E1115 Schroeder, Patricia, Colo., E1112 Ackerman, Gary L., N.Y., E1110 Largent, Steve, Okla., E1107 Shuster, Bud, Pa., E1109 Bentsen, Ken, Tex., E1106 Lewis, Jerry, Calif., E1104 Smith, Christopher H., N.J., E1107 Bonilla, Henry, Tex., E1108 McCollum, Bill, Fla., E1116 Stark, Fortney Pete, Calif., E1113 Bonior, David E., Mich., E1116 Moran, James P., Va., E1105, E1117 Talent, James M., Mo., E1105 Clay, William (Bill), Mo., E1111 Oberstar, James L., Minn., E1108 Torricelli, Robert G., N.J., E1110 Duncan, John J., Jr., Tenn., E1109 Poshard, Glenn, Ill., E1111 Underwood, Robert A., Guam, E1104 Fazio, Vic, Calif., E1108 Reed, Jack, R.I., E1107 Vento, Bruce F., Minn., E1110 Forbes, Michael P., N.Y., E1105, E1115 Richardson, Bill, N. Mex., E1115 Waxman, Henry A., Calif., E1106 Gilman, Benjamin A., N.Y., E1104 Rogers, Harold, Ky., E1105 Weller, Jerry, Ill., E1116

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