The High Polyphenol Content of Grapevine Cultivar Tannat Berries Is Conferred Primarily by Genes That Are Not Shared with the Reference Genome W
The Plant Cell, Vol. 25: 4777–4788, December 2013, www.plantcell.org ã 2013 American Society of Plant Biologists. All rights reserved. LARGE-SCALE BIOLOGY ARTICLE The High Polyphenol Content of Grapevine Cultivar Tannat Berries Is Conferred Primarily by Genes That Are Not Shared with the Reference Genome W Cecilia Da Silva,a,1 Gianpiero Zamperin,b,1 Alberto Ferrarini,b Andrea Minio,b Alessandra Dal Molin,b Luca Venturini,b Genny Buson,b Paola Tononi,b Carla Avanzato,b Elisa Zago,b,2 Eduardo Boido,c Eduardo Dellacassa,c Carina Gaggero,a Mario Pezzotti,b Francisco Carrau,c and Massimo Delledonneb,3 a Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, 11600 Montevideo, Uruguay b Centro di Genomica Funzionale, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Universitá degli Studi di Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy c Sección Enología, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República,11800 Montevideo, Uruguay ORCID IDs: 0000-0002-7100-4581 (M.D.); 0000-0002-8452-3380 (A.F.); 0000-0003-0600-5163 (G.Z.). The grapevine (Vitis vinifera) cultivar Tannat is cultivated mainly in Uruguay for the production of high-quality red wines. Tannat berries have unusually high levels of polyphenolic compounds, producing wines with an intense purple color and remarkable antioxidant properties. We investigated the genetic basis of these important characteristics by sequencing the genome of the Uruguayan Tannat clone UY11 using Illumina technology, followed by a mixture of de novo assembly and iterative mapping onto the PN40024 reference genome. RNA sequencing data for genome reannotation were processed using a combination of reference-guided annotation and de novo transcript assembly, allowing 5901 previously unannotated or unassembled genes to be defined and resulting in the discovery of 1873 genes that were not shared with PN40024.
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