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Lessons in Conservation Issue No Center for Biodiversity and Conservation Network of Conservation Educators & Practitioners LESSONS IN CONSERVATION ISSUE NO. 6 MADAGASCAR JANUARY 2016 ISSUE 3 SYNTHÈSES EN FRANÇAIS 1 SYNTHESIS IN ENGLISH ISSN: 1938-7024 Network of Conservation Educators & Practitioners Lessons in Conservation is the official journal of the Network of Conservation Educators and Practitioners (NCEP) and is published as issues become available. Teaching and learning modules presented here in Lessons in Conservation are available in modifiable form for teachers on the NCEP website (ncep.amnh.org). All materials are distributed free of charge. Any opinions, findings and conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the American Museum of Natural History or the funders of this project. All components (Syntheses, Exercises, and Case Studies) have been peer–reviewed and approved for publication by NCEP. Editors: Production team: Domoina Rakotobe Ana Luz Porzecanski REPC–MD Vice–President CBC Director Georgina Cullman Eleanor Sterling CBC Postdoctoral Fellow CBC Chief Conservation Scientist Kimberley Landrigan CBC Assistant Director for Capacity Development Suzanne Macey NCEP Science Editorial and Postdoctoral Fellow Kristin Douglas NCEP Production Coordinator Nadav Gazit NCEP and CBC Research and Production Assistant Special thanks to Monique Lores Lessons in Conservation is available online at: ncep.amnh.org/linc All reproduction or distribution must provide full citation of the original work and provide a copyright notice as follows: “Copyright 2016, by the authors of the material and the Center for Biodiversity and Conservation of the American Museum of Natural History. All rights reserved.” Cover photo: Giant leaf–tail gecko (Uroplatus fimbriatus) By: Kevin Frey Illustrations obtained from the American Museum of Natural History’s library: images.library.amnh.org/digital/ LETTER FROM THE EDITORS Dear Reader, Welcome to Lessons in Conservation, the official journal of the Network of Conservation Educators and Practitioners (NCEP). NCEP is a collaborative project of the American Museum of Natural History’s Center for Biodiversity and Conservation (CBC) and a number of institutions and individuals around the world. This journal is designed to introduce NCEP teaching and learning resources (or “modules”) to a broad audience. NCEP modules are designed for undergraduate and professional level education. These modules—and many more on a variety of conservation topics—are available for free download at our website, ncep.amnh.org. For this issue, we present a selected group of resources that showcase conservation challenges and solutions in Madagascar, a widely recognized global hotspot for biodiversity. In 2003, the CBC and its partners initiated NCEP activities in Madagascar to strengthen long–term capacity for biodiversity conservation through the expansion and enhancement of training opportunities for universities and conservation professionals. Known as the Réseau des Educateurs et Professionnels de la Conservation à Madagascar (REPC–MD), we looked systemically at conservation capacity needs, convened key players to invest strategic long–term thought, and worked to implement solutions at the individual, organizational, and national levels. From the first workshop of 36 interested people, REPC–MD now connects over 1,300 members representing 215 conservation institutions. We are especially pleased to present here some of our materials in French, and hope that this will facilitate their use in the region and in other francophone countries. The topics range from local management of natural resources to endangered species, and can be used in a variety of academic or training courses as well as for independent learning. We welcome feedback on our resources and we especially welcome those wishing to become further involved in the Network! We are grateful to many people across the CBC and NCEP network for their contributions to the development of Lessons in Conservation. Please see the back cover for a full acknowledgement of the foundations and individuals that have supported this project. Enjoy this issue of Lessons in Conservation and please visit our site to start using NCEP resources in your classroom! Questions and feedback are welcome at [email protected]. Georgina Cullman Domoina Rakotobe Co–Editor Co–Editor NOTE DES ÉDITEURS Cher lecteur, Bienvenue à Lessons in Conservation, le journal officiel du Réseau des Educateurs et Professionnels de la conservation (REPC ou NCEP en anglais). REPC est un projet collaboratif Centre pour la Biodiversité et Conservation (CBC)de l’American Museum of Natural History et un certain nombre d’institutions et d’individus à travers le monde. Ce journal est conçu pour présenter des ressources d’enseignement et d’apprentissage (ou « modulesREPC ») à un large public. Les modules REPC sont conçus pour l’enseignement du premier cycle et au niveau professionnel. Les modules ci–après–et beaucoup d’autres sur une variété de sujets sur la conservation – sont disponibles en téléchargement gratuit sur notre site Web, ncep.amnh.org. Pour ce numéro, nous présentons un choix de ressources qui mettent en valeur des problèmes et des solutions de la conservation à Madagascar, un hotspot mondial largement reconnu pour la biodiversité. En 2003, CBC et ses partenaires ont lancé les activités de REPC à Madagascar pour renforcer à long terme les capacités pour la conservation de la biodiversité par l’expansion et l’amélioration des possibilités de formation pour les universités et les professionnels de la conservation. A Madagascar, REPC a examiné de façon systémique les besoins en capacité dans la conservation, mobilisé les acteurs clés à investir dans des réflexions stratégiques à long terme et à mettre en œuvre des solutions aux niveaux individuel, organisationnel et national. Dès le premier atelier regroupant 36 personnes intéressées, REPC–MD relie désormais plus de 1300 membres représentant 215 institutions de conservation. Nous sommes particulièrement heureux de présenter ici certains de nos modules en français, et nous espérons que cela facilitera leur utilisation dans la région et dans d’autres pays francophones. Les sujets vont de la gestion communautaire des ressources naturelles aux espèces menacées, et peuvent être utilisés dans différents cours universitaires ou de formation ainsi que pour un apprentissage indépendant. Nous apprécions les commentaires sur nos ressources et nous invitons ceux qui le souhaitent à être plus impliqués dans le réseau! Nous sommes reconnaissants aux nombreuses personnes à travers le CBC et le REPC pour leurs contributions au développement de Lessons in Conservation. Veuillez voir la dernière page pour une pleine reconnaissance des institutions et des individus qui ont soutenu ce projet. Profitez de cette édition de Lessons in Conservation et s’il vous plaît visitez notre site pour commencer à utiliser les ressources du REPC dans votre salle de classe! Questions et rétroactions : [email protected]. Georgina Cullman Domoina Rakotobe Co–Éditeur Co–Éditeur TABLE An Introduction to the Ecological and Political Context of OF Biodiversity Conservation in Madagascar 6 CONTENTS Georgina Cullman and Domoina Rakotobe Une Introduction à la Situation Écologique et Politique de la Conservation de la Biodiversité à Madagascar 9 Georgina Cullman et Domoina Rakotobe La Gestion Communautaire des Ressources Naturelles 12 André Houssein, Lala Jean Rakotoniaina, Jamie Copsey, et Domoina Rakotobe Conservation de la Biodiversité et Réduction de la Pauvreté à Madagascar 30 Jean–Solo Ratsisompatrarivo et Vanessa Aliniaina Rasoamampianina Révisée par Georgina Cullman et Domoina Rakotobe Gestion des Éspèces Menacées: Cas des Vertébrés 62 Jonah Ratsimbazafy, Christopher Clark, Joanna Durbin, Herilala Randriama- hazo, Jamie Copsey, Daniel Rakotondravony, et Olga Ramilijaona The Bats of Madagascar: A Conservation Challenge 80 Scott Cardiff and Richard Jenkins Note: Pour accéder aux notes d’enseignement de ces modules, visitez notre site web: ncep.amnh.org et inscrivez–vous en tant qu’éducateur. Une fois enregistré, cherchez le module par titre pour trouver les ressources d’enseignement et d’apprentissage Note: To access teaching notes for these modules, visit our website: ncep.amnh.org and register as an educator. Once registered, search for the module by title to find its associated teaching and learning resources. LESSONS IN CONSERVATION ISSUE NO. 6 JANUARY 2016 6 EDITORIAL An Introduction to the Ecological and Political Context of Biodiversity Conservation in Madagascar Georgina Cullman1 and Domoina Rakotobe2 1Center for Biodiversity and Conservation, American Museum of Natural History, 2Réseau des Educateurs et Professionnels de la Conservation– Madagascar, Madagascar Madagascar is iconic in international conservation through dramatic shifts, from maintenance of colonial circles because of its unique and threatened wildlife. administrative institutions (1960–1972) to Soviet– Madagascar is larger than France and is sometimes style socialism (1973–1993) to liberalization (1993– referred to as the eighth continent because of its size present). For decades, environmental conservation and the thirteen diverse ecosystems it supports (de Wit has been a major priority of the country’s politicians 2003; CEPF 2014). Running like a spine down the island’s and of international donors operating in Madagascar eastern side are Madagascar’s rainforests, which cover
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