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NOTRE DAME SEMINARY SCHOOL OF THEOLOGY

Professor: Dr. Daniel Burns Class: HT 503 Phone: 985-773-2827 Time: S 8:00AM-5:00PM Office: Dates: 1/24, 2/21, 3/14, 4/11, 4/25 e-mail: [email protected] Room: 7

HT 503 – The Medieval Period Syllabus

I. Course Description

3 credit hours This course covers the period from the crowning of Charlemagne as Holy Roman Emperor in 800 A.D. through the Great Schism, which lasted from 1378 to 1417. The purpose of this course is to enable the student to engage the Medieval Mind as it arrived at the synthesis of Faith and Reason as articulated in the proper relationship between philosophy and theology. Particular attention will be given to the development of scientific precision in the theological process through the use of the dialectic method. Emphasis will be given to the primary sources so that students can directly encounter the thought of such theologians as Anselm, , and .

II. Course Rationale

“For I do not seek to understand so that I may believe; but I believe so that I may understand. For I believe this also, that ‘unless I believe, I shall not understand’ [Isa. 7:9].”

Proslogion, I, St.

III. Envisioned Outcomes

1. Students will become familiar with the major writers and important texts of the Medieval Period.

2. They will be able to outline an understanding of the major historical and theological developments in the Medieval Period.

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3. Finally, students will be able to construct theological explanations using the writings and councils of the Medieval Period.

IV. Instructional Methods

This course will be conducted in the two-fold manner of the traditional lecture/discussion format, as well as the seminar style of classical liberal education.

V. Required Texts

The Holy Bible

Catechism of the Catholic Church

Augustine. On Christian Doctrine. Translated by D.W. Robertson. Macmillan/Library of Liberal Arts. Prentice Hall, New Jersey. 1997

St. Bonaventure. The Soul’s Journey To God. The Classics of Western Spirituality, Paulist Press. 1978

Dawson, Christopher. Religion and the Rise of Western Culture. Image Books, 1991.

Fairweather, Eugene, R., ed. A Scholastic Miscellany: Anselm to Ockham, The Library of Christian Classics. Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1956.

St. Gregory the Great. The Book of the Pastoral Rule. Popular Patristics Series, St. Vladamir Seminary Press, 2007

St. Thomas Aquinas. . Found online at www.newadvent.com

VI. Bibliography: Works with an asterisk (*) are useful for virtually every section of the course.

A. Reason: A Primer in Ancient Greek Philosophy

Barnes, Jonathan, ed. Early Greek Philosophy. London: Penguin, 2001. Cooper, John, ed. Complete Works. Indianapolis, IN: Hackett Publishing, 1997. McKeon, Richard, ed. The Basic Works of . New York: The Modern Library, 2001. Adler, Mortimer. Aristotle for Everybody. New York: Macmillan, 1978. Bloom, Allan. “The Interpretive Essay,” in The Republic of Plato. New York: Basic Books, 1988, 307-436.

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*Copleston, Frederick. A History of Philosophy, Vol. 1. New York: Image/Doubleday, 1993. Lear, Jonathan. Aristotle: The Desire to Understand. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988.

B. Faith: Augustine as the Father of Medieval Latin Theology

Augustine. Augustine: Earlier Writings, The Library of Christian Classics. Translated by J.H.S. Burleigh. Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1953. ______. City of God. Translated by Henry Bettenson. London: Penguin, 1984. ______. Confessions. Translated with an Introduction by Henry Chadwick. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008. ______. On Christian Doctrine. Translate by J.F. Shaw. Mineola, NY: Dover Publications, 2009. *Ayres, Lewis. Augustine and the Trinity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010. Brown, Peter, : A Biography, New Edition. Berkley, CA: University of California Press, 2000. Gilson, Etienne. The of St. Augustine. Translated by L.E.M. Lynch. London: Victor Gollancz, 1961.

C. Faith: Setting the Stage for Byzantine Theology

John of Damascus. Writings. Translated by Frederich Chase, Jr. The Fathers of the Church: A New Translation. Vol. 37. Washington, DC: CUA Press, 1958. Maximus the Confessor. The Ascetic Life, The Four Centuries on Charity. Translated by Polycarp Sherwood, O.S.B. Ancient Christian Writers. Vol. 21. New York: Newman Press, 1955. ______. Questions and Doubts. Translated by Despina D. Prassas. DeeKalb, IL: Northern Illinois University Press, 2010. ______. Maximus the Confessor. Translated by Andrew Louth. London: Routledge, 1996. Pseudo-Dionysius. The Complete Works. Translated by Colm Luibheid. Classics of Western Spirituality. New York: Paulist Press, 1987. *Meyendorff, John. Byzantine Theology: Historical Trends and Doctrinal Themes. New York: Fordham University Press, 1974.

D-E. The Beginnings of : Faith and Reason?

Anselm of Canterbury. Anselm of Canterbury: The Major Works. Edited with an introduction by Brian Davies and G.R. Evans. Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1998. Bernard of Clairvaux. Bernard of Clairvaux: Selected Works. Translated by G.R. Evans. San Francisco: Harper Collins, 2005. ______. Bernard of Clairvaux on the Song of Songs IV. Translated by Irene Edmonds. Kalamazoo, MI: Cistercian Publications, 1980.

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Hugh of St. Victor. The Didascalicon of Hugh of St. Victor. Translated with Introduction by Jerome Taylor, New York: Columbia University Press, 1991. . Periphyseon: The Division of . Translated by I.P. Sheldon- Williams. Washington: Dumbarton Oaks Publishing, 1987. *Brown, Peter. The Rise of Western Christendom. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1997. *Copleston, Frederick. A History of Philosophy, Vol. 2. New York: Image/Doubleday, 1993. *Dawson, Christopher. Religion and the Rise of Western Culture. New York: Image/Doubleday, 1991. *Knowles, David and Dimitri Obolensky. The Middle Ages, The Christian Centuries, Vol. 2. New York: Paulist Press, 1969. Gilson, Etienne. The Mystical Theology of Saint Bernard. Translated by A.H.C. Downes. New York: Sheed and Ward, 1940.

F-H. High Middle Ages and Bonaventure

Bonaventure. The Works of Bonaventure II: The Breviloquium. Translated by Jose de Vinck. Paterson, NJ: St. Anthony Guild Press, 1962. *Hyman, Arthur and James J. Walsh. Philosophy in the Middle Ages. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing, 1973. Gilson, Etienne. The Philosophy of St. Bonaventure. Translated by Dom Illtyd Trethowan and Frank Sheed. Paterson, NJ: St. Anthony Guild Press, 1965. *______. The Spirit of . Translated by A.H.C. Downes. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 1936.

I-L. Thomas Aquinas

Thomas Aquinas. , 5 Vols. Translated by Anton Pegis et al. South Bend, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 1956. ______. Summa Theologica. 5 Vols. Translated by Fathers of the English Dominican Province. Allen, TX: Christian Classics, 1981. Chenu, M.D. Toward Understanding St. Thomas. Translated by A.M. Landry and D. Hughes. Chicago: Henry Regency Co., 1964. Davies, Brian. The Thought of Thomas Aquinas. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1992. Gilson, Etienne. The Christian Philosophy of St. Thomas Aquinas. Translated by L.K. Shook. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 1956. Pieper, Josef. Guide to Thomas Aquinas. Translated by Richard and Clara Winston. San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 1986. Torrell, Jean-Pierre. St. Thomas Aquinas Vol. I: The Person and His Work. Translated by Robert Royal. Washington, D.C.: CUA Press, 1996.

M-N. Aftermath: 1277 and

*Copleston, Frederick. A History of Philosophy, Vol. 3. New York: Image/Doubleday, 1993.

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O. Byzantine Coda

Gregory Palamas. The One Hundred and Fifty Chapters: A Critical Edition, Translation and Study. Studies and Text 83. Edited and translated by Robert E. Sinkewicz. Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Medieval Studies, 1988. ______. The Triads. Translated by Nicholas Gendle. Classics of Western Spirituality. New York: Paulist Press, 1983. Meyendorff, John. Gregory Palamas and Orthodox Spirituality. Translated by Adele Fiske. Crestwood, NY: St. Vladimir’s Seminary Press, 1974. ______. A Study of St. Gregory Palamas. Translated by George Lawrence. Crestwood, NY: St. Vladimir’s Seminary Press, 1974.

VII. Glossary of Terms: Almost all of these terms will be defined as they appear in the course.

Abstraction Form Matter Nature Quiddity (Lt: quidditas) Substance Act Potency Idea (Gk: eidos) Cause (efficient, formal, final, material, instrumental, exemplary) Effect Appetite (rational, irrational, irascible, concupiscible) Intellect (active, passive) Will Mode of signification (Lt: modus significandi) Analogical, univocal, equivocal, metaphorical Genus, species, difference Real relation/relation of reason Ratio Anthropomorphism/anthropopathism Asceticism Atonement Satisfaction Disputatio Exitus-reditus Florilegia Imago dei Filioque

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Procession Generation Spiration Filiation Notion Relation Hypostasis Person Energy (Gk: energeia) Change (Gk: kinesis) Hypostatic union Grace of union Anhypostatic Enhypostatic Beatitude (Lt: visio beatifica) Deification Deiform Contemplation Habitus Natural/gnomic will Antecedent/consequent will Apopahtic/cataphatic theology Homo assumptus Illumination Economy (Gk: oikonomia) Participation Latin Averroism Mystery Nominalism Neo- Quodlibet Rectitudo Reprobate Counsel/precept Sacra doctrina Spiration Lex evangelica

VIII. Lecture, Presentation and Reading Schedule: Below is a list of all classes with topics to be covered, exam dates, as well as reading assignments to be completed. Required readings and assignment due dates are in boldface. Readings provided by the instructor or found online are marked with an asterisk (*).

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1/24/15: The Philosophical and Theological Background of the Medieval Period

A. Reason: A Primer in Ancient Greek Philosophy a. Lecture: Plato, Aristotle and Neo-Platonism B. Faith: Augustine as the Father of Medieval Latin Theology. St. Augustine: On Christian Doctrine. a. Lecture: Augustine of Hippo I: biography, anthropology, grace-free will and original sin. b. Lecture: Augustine of Hippo II: Trinity and sacraments. c. Lecture: History of the Transition from Late Antique to Early Medieval Church. C. Seminar on On Christian doctrine.

2/21/15: Early Medieval Period

D. Seminar: Gregory the Great: Pastoral Rule E. Charlemagne and the Prelude to Scholasticism. Dawson pg 11-119 a. Lecture: The Conversion of the Barbarians b. Lecture: Carolingian Theology and Church Reform. c. Lecture: History Lesson d. Iconoclasm and the Photian Schism. John of Damascus, “Apologia Against Those Who Decry Holy Images”* http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/basis/johndamascus-images.asp F. The Beginnings of Scholasticism: Faith and Reason? a. Lecture: The turn of the first millennium b. Lecture: Anselm of Canterbury: biography. c. Seminar: Anselm of Canterbury II. Proslogion and Cur Deus Homo in Fairweather.

3/14/15: The High Middle Ages

G. Masters, Monks, Reading, and the Birth of the University. Dawson pg. 120-198 a. Lecture: History of monastic reading and the rise of the University. b. , Bernard of Clairvaux and the Victorines. Fairweather, pp. 276-331. c. . Fairweather, pp. 334-351. H. Bonaventure. a. Life and Works. Fairweather, 363-401. b. Seminar: Mystical Theology. Bonaventure, The Soul’s Journey to God.

4/11/14: The High Middles Ages Continued: (All sections of the Summa are available at newadvent.org)

I. High Middle Ages: Dawson pg 199-230 J. Thomas Aquinas I: Faith and Reason. a. Some biography b. The relation between philosophy and theology. ST, Ia, q.1, aa. 1-10.*

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K. Thomas Aquinas III: God a. Philosophical Arguments. ST, Ia, q. 2, aa.1-3.* b. What God is like. TBA c. The Trinity. TBA L. Thomas Aquinas IV: The Structure of created being and the virtues a. What makes us human? TBA b. What makes us holy? TBA M. Seminar on Thomas Aquinas TBA

4/24/14: The High Middle Ages to the End

N. Thomas Aquinas V: The God-Man a. The logic of the incarnation. TBA* b. The grace and knowledge of Christ. TBA O. Aftermath: 1277 and Nominalism a. Lecture: History Lesson V. b. and . c. Seminar: Fairweather 428-442

IX . Course Requirements

1. Every student is required to complete each reading assignment in full. Many of the readings can be very difficult to comprehend, and therefore very difficult to actually finish—not many people would describe the Summa format of much of medieval writing as a recipe for “a real page-turner.” Nonetheless, it is very important that, no matter how difficult or impenetrable the reading may seem, to do the yeoman’s work of reading any given text attentively and critically. Do not be afraid to underline, mark up and otherwise mutilate a text if it enhances your own engagement with the material.

2. In line with the requirement above, every student is required to participate in seminar discussions on texts designated in Part VIII above. The purpose of the seminar is to give the student the tools necessary to become a close, attentive and critical reader of theological texts. Each seminar will be approximately an hour and a half in length. The specifics of the format are provided in the syllabus below.

3. Every student is required to take a mid-term and final exam. Both exams will be take- home and will consist of essays and short answer. The mid-term will encompass material from sections A-F. The mid-term questions will be given to students on 2/21 and the completed exam is due, by email, on 3/1. The final will encompass all the material from sections G-N. The final questions will be given to the students on 4/24 and the completed exam is due, by email, on 5/2.

4. Finally, every student is required to write and submit a 12-15 page term paper on a topic germane to the theme and content of the course that has been approved by the instructor. By “germane” I mean topics such as a medieval theologian, some particular

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facet of said theologian’s thought, a theological controversy of the medieval period, etc. This paper is meant to be an exercise in historical theology, not history per se. Therefore the paper must have theological content and a theological argument as part of it main thesis and argument. History is indeed a concern, but only insofar as it is a history of theology. N.B. Initial topic proposals are due by e-mail 3/14. Final topic proposals are due, by email, in the form of a one paragraph abstract on 4/11. The completed term paper is due, by e-mail, no later than 12:00 am on 5/9. The paper must be written in Microsoft Word format.

PREPARING THE TERM PAPER

ARRANGEMENT OF PAGES

Each paper should be arranged as follows:

Title Page Text, with Footnotes Bibliography

PAPER: 8 ½ by 11 inch paper.

MANUAL: Kate Turabian’s A Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses and Dissertations, fifth edition.

FONT: Times New Roman, 12 point font, double-spaced. The same type must be used for the entire text

MARGINS: One inch left side; one inch top, bottom, and right side including pagination. These margins should be conformed to throughout the thesis.

SPACING: The text of the manuscript is to be double-spaced.

PAGINATION: No page number should appear on the title page or on the first page. Beginning with the second page of the text, all pages should be numbered in Arabic numerals for the rest of the pages (starting with “2”). All page numbers should be centered at the bottom of the page.

NOTES: Single-spaces footnotes must be used.

BIBLIOGRAPHY: Full bibliographical description, including publishers. Use the Turabian Handbook.

LENGTH: 12 pages, minimum; 15 pages, maximum.

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SOURCES: At least 8.

CHECKLIST: 1. Is every page numbered correctly? 2. Have you checked the paper to be sure that there are not any missing pages and that all pages are arranged properly? 3. Will you meet the specified deadline?

GRADING: The paper will be worth 30 percent of your grade. It will be evaluated and graded by the instructor in regard to all applicable categories, including grammar and spelling. The major points of evaluation will be: a) the student’s mastery and use of resources; b) the depth of comprehension of the topic; c) the student’s ability to present his/her research and thesis in a clear manner.

DEADLINE: 5/9/15. eight points will be subtracted from the final grade of the paper for every 24 hours that the paper is overdue.

XI. Evaluation Criteria

The Student will be graded as follows: Seminar Participation 20% Midterm Exam 25% Final Exam 25% Research Paper 30%

Grades are distributed and converted into letter grades as follows: 93 to 100 percentage points = A (4.0) 90 to 92 percentage points = B+ (3.5) 86 to 89 percentage points = B (3.0) 80 to 85 percentage points = C+ (2.5) 75 to 79 percentage points = C (2.0) 71 to 74 percentage points = D+ (1.5) 68 to 70 percentage points = D (1.0) 0 to 67 percentage points = F (0.0)

XII. Attendance, Late Papers and Assignment Submissions Policy

Unexcused absences and tardiness will adversely affect the student’s grade. A late assignment will lose 8 points for every day it is late after the assigned due date. ASSIGNMENTS WILL NOT BE ACCEPTED UNLESS THEY ARE E-MAILED TO THE INSTRUCTOR.

XIII. Seminar Guidelines

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I. Due to the nature of the course as a graduate-level academic undertaking, class participation is an irreplaceable part of the course, and counts for a full 20% of the grade. The form of spoken participation which will make up most of the graded class participation is seminar discussion of several works. This requires that students attempt to grasp as much of the readings as possible outside of class, and then come to class prepared to discuss the readings. a. The various sources that will be read all have a depth and richness that can only be uncovered fully when each student, on the basis of attentive and dedicated reading, comes up with observant and helpful insights. In particular, analogies, comparisons and contrasts made by the students help the entire class understand the material more clearly, as does relating the work to the course lectures. “I don’t know,” “I’m confused,” and “I didn’t read it” are entirely unacceptable responses to the material and will be graded accordingly. The key is to interpret the reading and draw out its most significant elements in dialogue with your classmates and the instructor. A good seminar participation will have the following characteristics: 1. Clarity: The student must not generalize or be vague 2. Cogency: The student’s contribution must have good logical consistency; it must be reasonable; it must “make sense.” 3. Concision: The student’s contribution must be “to the point,” and not needlessly multiply words. 4. Textual: Your comment must reference the text. You are free, encouraged even, to bring in insights from other areas, but the main point must be to illuminate some area of the text in question.

XIV. Academic Integrity

Students of Notre Dame Seminary must commit themselves to responsible scholarship in every aspect of academic formation. This means working and studying to the best of their ability for every course. They also accept responsibilities and obligations as students, which include commitments to honesty, disciplined study, and integrity in their academic work. They will be expected to respect academic scholarship by giving proper credit to other people’s work, while at the same time preparing well for assigned materials and examinations in such a way that their academic integrity will never be questioned.

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