DOCSLIB.ORG

Dress and Identity Among the Black Tai of Loei Province, Thailand

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Dress and Identity Among the Black Tai of Loei Province, Thailand DRESS AND IDENTITY AMONG THE BLACK TAI OF LOEI PROVINCE, THAILAND Franco Amantea Bachelor of Arts, Simon Fraser University 2003 THESIS SUBMITTED 1N PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS In the Department of Sociology and Anthropology O Franco Amantea 2007 SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY 2007 All rights reserved. This work may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or other means, without permission of the author. APPROVAL Name: Franco Amantea Degree: Master of Arts Title of Thesis: Dress and Identity Among the Black Tai of Loei Province, Thailand Examining Committee: Chair: Dr. Gerardo Otero Professor of Sociology Dr. Michael Howard Senior Supervisor Professor of Anthropology Dr. Marilyn Gates Supervisor Associate Professor of Anthropology Dr. Brian Hayden External Examiner Professor of Archaeology Date Defended: July 25,2007 Declaration of Partial Copyright Licence The author, whose copyright is declared on the title page of this work, has granted to Simon Fraser University the right to lend this thesis, project or extended essay to users of the Simon Fraser University Library, and to make partial or single copies only for such users or in response to a request from the library of any other university, or other educational institution, on its own behalf or for one of its users. The author has further granted permission to Simon Fraser University to keep or make a digital copy for use in its circulating collection (currently available to the public at the "Institutional Repository" link of the SFU Library website <www.lib.sfu.ca> at: <http://ir.lib.sfu.ca/handle/1892/112>) and, without changing the content, to translate the thesis/project or extended essays, if technically possible, to any medium or format for the purpose of preservation of the digital work. The author has further agreed that permission for multiple copying of this work for scholarly purposes may be granted by either the author or the Dean of Graduate Studies. It is understood that copying or publication of this work for financial gain shall not be allowed without the author's written permission. Permission for public performance, or limited permission for private scholarly use, of any multimedia materials forming part of this work, may have been granted by the author. This information may be found on the separately catalogued multimedia material and in the signed Partial Copyright Licence. While licensing SFU to permit the above uses, the author retains copyright in the thesis, project or extended essays, including the right to change the work for subsequent purposes, including editing and publishing the work in whole or in part, and licensing other parties, as the author may desire. The original Partial Copyright Licence attesting to these terms, and signed by this author, may be found in the original bound copy of this work, retained in the Simon Fraser University Archive. Simon Fraser University Library Burnaby, BC, Canada Revised: Summer 2007 STATEMENT OF ETHICS APPROVAL The author, whose name appears on the title page of this work, has obtained, for the research described in this work, either: (a)Human research ethics approval from the Simon Fraser University Office of Research Ethics, (b) Advance approval of the animal care protocol from the University Animal Care Committee of Simon Fraser University; or has conducted the research (c) as a co-investigator, in a research project approved in advance, (d) as a member of a course approved in advance for minimal risk human research, by the Office of Research Ethics. A copy of the approval letter has been filed at the Theses Office of the University Library at the time of submission of this thesis or project. The original application for approval and letter of approval are filed with the relevant offices. Inquiries may be directed to those authorities. Bennett Library Simon Fraser University Burnaby, BC, Canada Last revwon Summer 2007 ABSTRACT This thesis examines dress, textiles, and identity of the Tai Dam or Black Tai living in Loei Province, Northeastern Thailand. The thesis focuses on the contemporary role of traditional and tradition-based Black Tai textiles and dress as material and symbolic representations of Black Tai ethnic and socio-cultural identity. The ethnographic research utilizing participant observation, interviews, observation of behaviour and interactions provided a wealth of information for analysis. The interpretive analysis of textiles and ethnic dress reveals that dress and textiles serve a crucial role in ethnic and cultural continuity among the Black Tai peoples; however a number of types of traditional textiles have been lost due to acculturation and commercialization. Textiles continue to figure prominently in the religious beliefs and practices of the Tai Dam as well as serving as markers of status, functioning to promote cultural and social cohesion, and more recently serving as a means of economic development. Keywords: Dress, textiles, identity, participant observation, ethnography Subject Terms: Black Tai or Tai Dam, Thailand, cultural continuity, acculturation 5% my fami4 for their enhss support andencouragement. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I offer my enduring gratitude and appreciation to the faculty, staff and my fellow students at SFU Department of Sociology and Anthropology. I owe particular thanks to Dr. Michael Howard my supervisor, mentor and friend. This project would not have been possible without his continual advice, guidance and knowledge. I would also like to thank Dr. Marilyn Gates for her commitment and support on my endeavour. I thank Dr. Michael Howard and Dr. Marilyn Gates for encouraging my aspirations for my fieldwork project. And Dr. Bryan Hayden for his critical insights and suggestions for the betterment of my thesis. Also, Dr. Gerardo Otero for chairing the defense and offering his suggestions. I also thank Kim Be Howard for her continual encouragement and advice for my project. Special thanks are owed to the villagers in Ban Napanad whose support in this project and hospitality towards me make me forever grateful. I thank the faculty at the Research Institute of Northeastern Art and Culture at Mahasarakham University for their sponsorship and support of my research project and a special thanks to Dr. Songkoon Chantachon, Director and Dr. Wannasakpliji Boonserm. I also thank Mr.Anon Uankham and Mrs. Wilasinee Uankham and family for their help during my fieldwork. TABLE OF CONTENTS .. Approval ............................................................................................................................11 ... Abstract .............................................................................................................................111 Dedication ......................................................................................................................... iv Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................... v Table of Contents ............................................................................................................. vi ... List of Figures ................................................................................................................. VIII .. List of Tables ...................................................................................................................XII .. List of Maps .....................................................................................................................xn Chapter 1: Introduction ...................................................................................................1 Textiles and ldentity ........................................................................................................4 Methodology and Fieldwork .........................................................................................11 Ethical Considerations ...............................................................................................14 Organization of the Thesis ............................................................................................15 Album One ....................................................................................................................16 Chapter 2: The Black Tai ............................................................................................... 18 Black Tai Society of Northwestern Vietnam ................................................................22 The Black Tai of Ban Napanad .................................................................................23 Album Two ....................................................................................................................33 Chapter 3: Textiles and Dress ........................................................................................ 37 Studies of Black Tai Textiles ........................................................................................37 Textiles in Ban Napanad ...........................................................................................43 Traditional Male Dress .........................................................................................47 Traditional Female Dress ......................................................................................50 Other Textiles .......................................................................................................56 Summary 60 Album Three ..................................................................................................................62
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Communities of Lottery Sellers: Socio-Economic and Cultural Changes in Isan, Thailand
    Asian Culture and History; Vol. 6, No. 2; 2014 ISSN 1916-9655 E-ISSN 1916-9663 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education The Communities of Lottery Sellers: Socio-economic and Cultural Changes in Isan, Thailand Weerasak Phuksatewet1, Songkoon Chantachon1 & Sastra Laoakka1 1 Faculty of Cultural Science, Mahasarakham University, Thailand Correspondence: Weerasak Phuksatewet, Faculty of Cultural Science Mahasarakham University, Muang District, Maha Sarakham 44000, Thailand. Tel: 66-43-742-27. E-mail: [email protected] Received: March 15, 2014 Accepted: April 10, 2014 Online Published: June 26, 2014 doi:10.5539/ach.v6n2p215 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ach.v6n2p215 Abstract The qualitative research was carried out in Amphoe Wang Saphung, Loei Province; Amphoe Kranuan, Khon Kaen Province; and Amphoe Kaedam, Maha Sarakham Province between October 2012-April 2013 using a survey, observation, interview, focus group discussion and workshop. The 110 sample were divided into groups of 30 key, 50 casual, and 30 general informants respectively. The analysis was based on the research objectives using a triangulation technique and done descriptively. Historically, the people who lived at Amphoe Wang Saphung began to sell lotteries in 1984. Twelve years later, such part-time job spread to Amphoe Kranuan, Khon Kaen Province and Amphoe Kaedam, Maha Sarakham Province. Currently, the lottery sellers at the three villages chose to sell lotteries in Bangkok, tourist areas, such as Rayong and Nakhon Ratchasima Provinces. Some decided to sell theirs in their own Province. Each month, they left their homes trice: the second and the fourth weeks. They often went in groups using pickup trucks, vans or buses.
    [Show full text]
  • A New Method of Classification for Tai Textiles
    A New Method of Classification for Tai Textiles Patricia Cheesman Textiles, as part of Southeast Asian traditional clothing and material culture, feature as ethnic identification markers in anthropological studies. Textile scholars struggle with the extremely complex variety of textiles of the Tai peoples and presume that each Tai ethnic group has its own unique dress and textile style. This method of classification assumes what Leach calls “an academic fiction … that in a normal ethnographic situation one ordinarily finds distinct tribes distributed about the map in an orderly fashion with clear-cut boundaries between them” (Leach 1964: 290). Instead, we find different ethnic Tai groups living in the same region wearing the same clothing and the same ethnic group in different regions wearing different clothing. For example: the textiles of the Tai Phuan peoples in Vientiane are different to those of the Tai Phuan in Xiang Khoang or Nam Nguem or Sukhothai. At the same time, the Lao and Tai Lue living in the same region in northern Vietnam weave and wear the same textiles. Some may try to explain the phenomena by calling it “stylistic influence”, but the reality is much more profound. The complete repertoire of a people’s style of dress can be exchanged for another and the common element is geography, not ethnicity. The subject of this paper is to bring to light forty years of in-depth research on Tai textiles and clothing in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Laos), Thailand and Vietnam to demonstrate that clothing and the historical transformation of practices of social production of textiles are best classified not by ethnicity, but by geographical provenance.
    [Show full text]
  • THAILAND Submission to the CERD Committee Coalition on Racial
    Shadow Report on Eliminating Racial Discrimination: THAILAND Submission to the CERD Committee 1 Coalition on Racial Discrimination Watch Preamble: 1. “ We have a distinct way of life, settlement and cultivation practices that are intricately linked with nature, forests and wild life. Our ways of life are sustainable and nature friendly and these traditions and practices have been taught and passed on from one generation to the next. But now because of State policies and waves of modernisation we are struggling to preserve and maintain our traditional ways of life” Mr. Joni Odochao, Intellectual, Karen ethnic, Opening Speech at the Indigenous Peoples Day Festival in Chiangmai, Northern Thailand 2007 Introduction on Indigenous peoples and ethnic groups in Thailand 1 The coalition was established as a loose network at the Workshop Programme on 5th July 2012 on the Shadow Report on the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (CERD) organised by the Ethnic Studies and Development Center, Sociology Faculty, Chiangmai University in cooperation with Cross Cultural Foundation and the Highland Peoples Taskforce 1 2. The Network of Indigenous Peoples in Thailand2, in the International Working Group for Indigenous Affairs (IWGIA) yearbook on 2008, explained the background of indigenous peoples in Thailand. The indigenous people of Thailand are most commonly referred to as “hill tribes”, sometimes as “ethnic minorities”, and the ten officially recognised ethnic groups are usually called “chao khao” (meaning “hill/mountain people” or “highlanders”). These and other indigenous people live in the North and North-western parts of the country. A few other indigenous groups live in the North-east and indigenous fishing communities and a small population of hunter-gatherers inhabit the South of Thailand.
    [Show full text]
  • THE PHONOLOGY of PROTO-TAI a Dissertation Presented to The
    THE PHONOLOGY OF PROTO-TAI A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Cornell University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Pittayawat Pittayaporn August 2009 © 2009 Pittayawat Pittayaporn THE PHONOLOGY OF PROTO-TAI Pittayawat Pittayaporn, Ph. D. Cornell University 2009 Proto-Tai is the ancestor of the Tai languages of Mainland Southeast Asia. Modern Tai languages share many structural similarities and phonological innovations, but reconstructing the phonology requires a thorough understanding of the convergent trends of the Southeast Asian linguistic area, as well as a theoretical foundation in order to distinguish inherited traits from universal tendencies, chance, diffusion, or parallel development. This dissertation presents a new reconstruction of Proto-Tai phonology, based on a systematic application of the Comparative Method and an appreciation of the force of contact. It also incorporates a large amount of dialect data that have become available only recently. In contrast to the generally accepted assumption that Proto-Tai was monosyllabic, this thesis claims that Proto-Tai was a sesquisyllabic language that allowed both sesquisyllabic and monosyllabic prosodic words. In the proposed reconstruction, it is argued that Proto-Tai had three contrastive phonation types and six places of articulation. It had plain voiceless, implosive, and voiced stops, but lacked the aspirated stop series (central to previous reconstructions). As for place of articulation, Proto-Tai had a distinctive uvular series, in addition to the labial, alveolar, palatal, velar, and glottal series typically reconstructed. In the onset, these consonants can combine to form tautosyllabic clusters or sequisyllabic structures.
    [Show full text]
  • Contemporary Phuthai Textiles
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Textile Society of America Symposium Proceedings Textile Society of America 2004 Contemporary Phuthai Textiles Linda S. McIntosh Simon Fraser University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/tsaconf Part of the Art and Design Commons McIntosh, Linda S., "Contemporary Phuthai Textiles" (2004). Textile Society of America Symposium Proceedings. 481. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/tsaconf/481 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Textile Society of America at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Textile Society of America Symposium Proceedings by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Contemporary Phuthai Textiles Linda S. McIntosh Simon Fraser University [email protected] © Linda S. McIntosh 2004 The hand-woven textiles of the Phuthai ethnic group continue to represent Phuthai identity but also reflect exposure to foreign elements such as through trade and changes in the regional political power. If one asks a Phuthai woman what is Phuthai dress, she will answer, sin mii lae suea lap lai, or a skirt decorated with weft ikat technique and a fitted blouse of indigo dyed cotton, decorated with hand-woven, patterned red silk. Despite the use of synthetic dyes readily available in the local markets, many women still grow indigo and cotton, and indigo-stained hands and the repetitious sounds of weaving are still found in Phuthai villages. This paper focuses on the Phuthai living in Savannakhet Province, Laos, but they are also found in Khammuan, Bolikhamsay, and Salavan provinces of Laos as well as in Thailand and Vietnam.1 Contemporary refers to textile production in the last thirty years but particularly in the last ten years after the liberalization of the Lao government policies and the return of private business and tourism after the 1980s.
    [Show full text]
  • Iron Man of Laos Prince Phetsarath Ratanavongsa the Cornell University Southeast Asia Program
    * fll!!I ''{f'':" ' J.,, .,.,Pc, IRON MAN OF LAOS PRINCE PHETSARATH RATANAVONGSA THE CORNELL UNIVERSITY SOUTHEAST ASIA PROGRAM The Southeast Asia Program was organized at Cornell University in the Department of Far Eastern Studies in 1950. It is a teaching and research program of interdisciplinary studies in the humanities, social sciences, and some natural sciences. It deals with Southeast Asia as a region, and with the individual countries of the area: Brunei, Burma, Indonesia, Kampuchea, Laos, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. The activities of the Program are carried on both at Cornell and in Southeast Asia. They include an undergraduate and graduate curriculum at Cornell which provides instruction by specialists in Southeast Asian cultural history and present-day affairs and offers intensive training in each of the major languages of the area. The Program sponsors group research projects on Thailand, on Indonesia, on the Philippines, and on linguistic studies of the languages of the area. At the same time, individual staff and students of the Program have done field research in every Southeast Asian country. A list of publications relating to Southeast Asia which may be obtained on prepaid order directly from the Program is given at the end of this volume. Information on Program staff, fellowships, requirements for degrees, and current course offerings is obtainable· from the Director, Southeast Asia Program, 120 Uris Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853. 11 IRON MAN OF LAOS PRINCE PHETSARATH RATANAVONGSA by "3349" Trc1nslated by .John B. �1urdoch F.di ted by · David K. \-vyatt Data Paper: Number 110 -Southeast Asia Program Department of Asian Studies Cornell University, Ithaca, New York .November 197·8 Price: $5.00 111 CORNELL UNIVERSITY SOUTHEAST ASIA PROGRAM 1978 International Standard Book Number 0-87727-110-0 iv C.ONTENTS FOREWORD • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • .
    [Show full text]
  • Notification of the Central Committee on the Price of Goods and Services No
    Notification of the Central Committee on the Price of Goods and Services No. 6, B.E. 2560 (2017) Regarding Control of Transport of Animal Feed Corn ------------------------------------ Whereas the Central Committee on the Price of Goods and Services has repealed the Notification of the Central Committee on the Price of Goods and Services No. 1, B.E. 2559 (2016) regarding Determination of Goods and Services under Control dated 21 January B.E. 2559 ( 2016) , resulting in the end of enforcement of the Notification of the Central Committee on the Price of Goods and Services No. 6, B.E. 2559 (2016) regarding Control of Transport of Animal Feed dated 25 January B.E. 2559 (2016). In the meantime, the Central Committee on the Price of Goods and Services has already reconsidered the exercise of its power regarding the stipulation of the aforesaid measure, it is of the view that the measure of the control of transport of animal feed corn should be maintained in order to bring about the fairness of price, quantity and the maintenance of stability of the animal feed market system within the Kingdom. By virtue of Section 9 (2) and Section 25 (4), (7) of the Price of Goods and Services Act, B.E. 2542 ( 1999) , the Central Committee on the Price of Goods and Services has therefore issued this Notification, as follows. Article 1. This Notification shall come into force in all areas of the Kingdom for the period of one year as from the day following the date of its publication.1 Article 2. It is prohibited for a person to transport animal feed corn, whereby
    [Show full text]
  • Nong Khai Nong Khai Nong Khai 3 Mekong River
    Nong Khai Nong Khai Nong Khai 3 Mekong River 4 Nong Khai 4 CONTENTS HOW TO GET THERE 7 ATTRACTIONS 9 Amphoe Mueang Nong khai 9 Amphoe Tha Bo 16 Amphoe Si Chiang Mai 17 Amphoe Sangkhom 18 Amphoe Phon Phisai 22 Amphoe Rattanawapi 23 EVENTS AND FESTIVALS 25 LOCAL PRODUCTS 25 SOUVENIR SHOPS 26 SUGGESTED ITINERARY 26 FACILITIES 27 Accommodations 27 Restaurants 30 USEFUL CALLS 31 Nong Khai 5 5 Wat Aranyabanpot Nong Khai 6 Thai Term Glossary a rebellion. King Rama III appointed Chao Phraya Amphoe: District Ratchathewi to lead an army to attack Vientiane. Ban: Village The army won with the important forces Hat: Beach supported by Thao Suwothanma (Bunma), Khuean: Dam the ruler of Yasothon, and Phraya Chiangsa. Maenam: River The king, therefore, promoted Thao Suwo to Mueang: Town or City be the ruler of a large town to be established Phrathat: Pagoda, Stupa on the right bank of the Mekong River. The Prang: Corn-shaped tower or sanctuary location of Ban Phai was chosen for the town SAO: Subdistrict Administrative Organization called Nong Khai, which was named after a very Soi: Alley large pond to the west. Song Thaeo: Pick-up trucks but with a roof Nong Khai is 615 kilometres from Bangkok, over the back covering an area of around 7,332 square Talat: Market kilometres. This province has the longest Tambon: Subdistrict distance along the Mekong River; measuring Tham: Cave 320 kilometres. The area is suitable for Tuk-Tuks: Three-wheeled motorized taxis agriculture and freshwater fishery. It is also Ubosot or Bot: Ordination hall in a temple a major tourist attraction where visitors can Wihan: Image hall in a temple easily cross the border into Laos.
    [Show full text]
  • University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
    Stories from the Mekong, part 2. The Cryptocoryne (Araceae) of Chiang Khan District, Loei Province, Thailand Idei, Takashige; Bastmeijer, Jan D.; Jacobsen, Niels Published in: Thai Forest Bulletin (Botany) DOI: 10.20531/tfb.2017.45.1.10 Publication date: 2017 Document version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Document license: CC BY-NC-ND Citation for published version (APA): Idei, T., Bastmeijer, J. D., & Jacobsen, N. (2017). Stories from the Mekong, part 2. The Cryptocoryne (Araceae) of Chiang Khan District, Loei Province, Thailand. Thai Forest Bulletin (Botany), 45(1), 58-78. https://doi.org/10.20531/tfb.2017.45.1.10 Download date: 08. Apr. 2020 THAI FOREST BULL., BOT. 45(1): 58–78. 2017. DOI: 10.20531/TFB.2017.45.1.10 Stories from the Mekong, part 2. The Cryptocoryne (Araceae) of Chiang Khan District, Loei Province, Thailand TAKASHIGE IDEI1,*, JAN D. BASTMEIJER2 & NIELS JACOBSEN3 ABSTRACT Between March 2006 and February 2015, the occurrence and habitats of the aroid genus Cryptocoryne were investigated in Chiang Khan District, Loei Province, Thailand. In addition to the well-known Cryptocoryne crispatula Engl. var. crispatula and C. crispatula var. yunnanensis (H.Li) H.Li & N.Jacobsen, a recently described species was found: C. loeiensis Bastmeijer et al., as well as a number of plants considered to be hybrids. Although Cryptocoryne is presently abundant, decimation or extinction could occur in the future because of the dam constructions in the Mekong River. KEYWORDS: Cryptocoryne, Araceae, habitats, hybrids, floodplain, hydro-power dam. Published online: 26 September 2017 INTRODUCTION mentioned in this article may be found in Jacobsen (1980), Bastmeijer (2017) and in Jacobsen et al.
    [Show full text]
  • غhistorical Presentations in the Lao Textbooks
    Historical Presentations in the Lao Textbooks: From the Independent to the Early Socialism Period (1949-1986)1 Dararat Mattariganond Û Yaowalak Apichatvullop This paper presents the presentations of Lao history in the Lao textbooks from the Independent period, starting in 1949 to the Early Socialism period, starting in 1975. We designate the year 1949 as the starting point of our study as it was this year that the Royal Lao Government (RLG) proclaimed independence from France on 19 July. It was also this year that Lao gained international recognition as an independent state, although it was still within the French Union. At the other end, we take the year 1986, as it was the year that the Lao Government declared the new policy çJintanakarn Mai,é which involved a number of changes in Lao 1 Paper presented in First International Conference on Lao Studies, organized by Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, May 20-22, 2005. 88 «“√ “√ —ߧ¡≈ÿà¡πÈ”‚¢ß social structures. Our purpose is to show that history was manipulated by the Lao governments of both periods as a mechanism to transfer the national social values to the younger generations through textbooks used in school education. Our analysis is based on the Lao textbooks used during the Independent and the Socialism periods (1949- 1986). Presentations of this paper are in two parts: 1) the Lao history in the Lao textbooks of the Independent period (1949-1975), and 2) the Lao history in the Lao textbooks of the Early Socialism period (1975-1986). 1. Lao History Before 1975 Based on Lao historical documents, the Lan Xang kingdom used to be a well united state during King Fa Ngumûs regime.
    [Show full text]
  • The Truong Son, Loei-Phetchabun, and Kontum Terranes in Indochina: Provenance, Rifting, and Collisions
    REVIEW published: 28 May 2021 doi: 10.3389/feart.2021.603565 The Truong Son, Loei-Phetchabun, and Kontum Terranes in Indochina: Provenance, Rifting, and Collisions Clive Burrett 1, Mongkol Udchachon 1,2* and Hathaithip Thassanapak 2 1 Palaeontological Research and Education Centre, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham, Thailand, 2 Applied Palaeontology and Biostratigraphy Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham, Thailand The three main regions of Indochina are defined as the Truong Son, Loei-Phetchabun, and Kontum terranes. The aim of this review is to integrate numerous petrological studies with sedimentary, palaeontological, and provenance studies in order to construct a preliminary tectonic model which shows the terranes docked in the earliest Carboniferous (Truong Son with Loei-Phetchabun) and in the Permian (Kontum). The Kontum Terrane is characterized by Proterozoic magmatism, mid-Ordovician to Early Devonian granites, and Permian charnockites. Major carbonate platforms developed in the Givetian to earliest Tournaisian on Truong Son and from the Visean to mid-Permian across Truong Edited by: Son and Loei-Phetchabun terranes. The Truong Son has Silurian granites and a Basilios Tsikouras, Late Ordovician to Silurian magmatic arc along its southern and western borders Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Brunei caused by subduction of oceanic lithosphere, the remnants of which are now partially Reviewed by: Antonio Pedrera, preserved in the Loei and Tamky sutures. A region to the east of the Loei Suture in Instituto Geológico y Minero de the Loei Foldbelt has a similar-age volcanic arc extending northwards into Laos and España (IGME), Spain Sergio Llana-Fúnez, is included in Truong Son.
    [Show full text]
  • I Politics and Practices of Conservation Governance and Livelihood Change in Two Ethnic Hmong Villages and a Protected Area In
    Politics and practices of conservation governance and livelihood change in two ethnic Hmong villages and a protected area in Yên Bái province, Vietnam. Bernhard Huber Department of Geography McGill University, Montreal A thesis submitted to McGill University in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy © Bernhard Huber 2019 i Abstract What happens in a remote village of traditional shifting cultivators and hunters when, in the course of twenty years, traditional livelihood practices are banned, alternative income opportunities emerge, a protected area is established, and selected villagers are paid to patrol fellow villagers’ forest use? In this thesis, I aim to investigate how ethnic Hmong villagers in Mù Cang Chải district, Yên Bái Province, Vietnam, and their livelihood practices have intersected with outside interventions for rural development and forest conservation since 1954. Addressing five research questions, I examine historical livelihood changes, contemporary patterns of wealth and poverty, the institutionalisation of forest conservation, the village politics of forest patrolling and hunting, as well as the local outcomes of Vietnam’s nascent Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) program. I find that these aspects vary significantly within and between two Hmong villages, in which I collected most of my data. The forced transition in the 1990s from shifting cultivation to paddy cultivation increased food security, but has also resulted in new patterns of socio-economic differentiation, as some households had limited access to paddy land. More recently, socio-economic differentiation has further increased, as households have differently benefited from PES, government career opportunities and bank loans. These sources of financial capital are increasingly relevant to peasant livelihoods elsewhere in Vietnam, but remain largely under-studied.
    [Show full text]