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Diplomsko Delo UNIVERZA V MARIBORU FILOZOFSKA FAKULTETA Oddelek za slovanske jezike in knjiţevnosti DIPLOMSKO DELO Tonja Jelen Maribor, 2012 UNIVERZA V MARIBORU FILOZOFSKA FAKULTETA Oddelek za slovanske jezike in knjiţevnosti Diplomsko delo LITERARNA ZGODOVINARKA MARJA BORŠNIK Mentorica: doc. dr. Urška Pereniĉ Kandidatka: Tonja Jelen Maribor, 2012 Lektorirala: doc. dr. Urška Pereniĉ, doktorica znanosti s podroĉja literarnih ved; prof. slovenšĉine in nemšĉine Prevedla: Monika Vengust, prof. anglešĉine in sociologije Za dva groša fantazije je zadosti bogatije, da resnica bo, kar sen je, če ZALJUBIŠ SE V ŢIVLJENJE. (Fran Milčinski-Jeţek) ZAHVALA: Zahvaljujem se doc. dr. Urški Perenič za strokovno pomoč, posredovano znanje, prijaznost, usmeritve in potrpeţljivost. Mami in ati – preprosto Vama hvala za brezpogojno zavetje, toplino, jasnino in oporo. Sestra Vanja – prisrčna hvala za razposajenosti, skupne dogodivščine in pozitivne misli. Zahvaljujem se še Ti za računalniško pomoč pri izdelavi diplome. IZJAVA Podpisana Tonja Jelen, rojena 12. 8. 1988, študentka Filozofske fakultete Univerze v Mariboru, smer slovenski jezik s knjiţevnostjo (E), izjavljam, da je diplomsko delo z naslovom Literarna zgodovinarka Marja Boršnik, pri mentorici, doc. dr. Urški Pereniĉ, avtorsko delo. V diplomskem delu so uporabljeni viri in literatura korektno navedeni; teksti niso prepisani brez navedbe avtorjev. ____________________________________ (podpis študenta-ke) Kraj, Maribor Datum, 22. 8. 2012 Povzetek Marja Boršnik je bila urednica, aktivna ĉlanica Slavistiĉnega društva, pisateljica, zasluţna profesorica ljubljanske univerze, predstojnica katedre za slovenski jezik, dopisna ĉlanica SAZU, predavateljica, inšpektorica za srednje in visoke šole, strokovna inšpektorica za slavistiko in literarna zgodovinarka, kar je tudi njena osrednja vloga. Svoje študije je najveĉ namenila Antonu Aškercu, Ivanu Tavĉarju, Franu Celestinu, Janku Glazerju, Alojzu Gradniku in Preţihovemu Vorancu. Posebno pozornost je kot literarna zgodovinarka usmerjala na ţenske ustvarjalke, in sicer na Vido Taufer, Vido Jeraj in Zofko Kveder. Njen raziskovalni pristop k literaturi je izhajal s pozitivistiĉnih podlag (njena profesorja sta bila France Kidriĉ in Ivan Prijatelj), vendar pa je zanj znaĉilno tudi veliko zelo subjektivistiĉnih vrednotenj. V diplomski nalogi so me zanimale njene monografske študije o Antonu Aškercu, in sicer sem pozornost namenila analizi njenega pristopa, pri ĉemer sem zlasti preverjala splošno utrjeno spoznanje o njeni pripadnosti pozitivistiĉni »šoli«. Pomemben je tudi teoretski del naloge, v katerem pa sem Marjo Boršnik na podlagi sistemskih modelov literature (Siegfried J. Schmidt; Urška Pereniĉ) umestila v literarni sistem, natanĉneje na raven literarne obdelave, s ĉimer sem skušala predvsem izostriti mesto literarnega obdelovalca/obdelovalke oz. literarnega znanstvenika/znanstvenice v kompleksnem literarnem procesu. Literarna obdelava namreĉ za razliko od produkcije, recepcije literarnega dela še zdaleĉ ni (bila) deleţna takšne pozornosti. Ključne besede: Marja Boršnik, literarni obdelovalec, literarni znanstvenik, literarni zgodovinar, Siegfried J. Schmidt, Urška Pereniĉ, pozitivizem Abstract Marja Boršnik was an editress, an active member of Slavistic association, a writer, a deserving professor of university in Ljubljana, the chair of Slovene language, a corresponding member of SAZU (SASA – Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts), a lecturer, an inspector for high schools and colleges, a professional inspector for Slavistics and a literary scholar, which is her main role. Her studies were mostly destined to Anton Aškerc, Ivan Tavĉar, Franc Celestin, Janko Glazer, Alojz Gradnik and Preţihov Voranc. As a literary scholar, she devoted special attention towards female creatresses like Vida Taufer, Vida Jeraj and Zofka Kveder. Her research accession to literature followed her positivistic grounding (her professors were France Kidriĉ and Ivan Prijatelj) but there are also a lot of very subjective evaluations. In diploma work I was interested in her monographic studies about Anton Aškerc. I focused my attention on the analysis of her approach. I was especially checking generally fortified knowledge about her affiliation to positivistic school. Another important section of diploma work is theoretical part. There I, based on systematic literature models (S. J. Schmidt; Urška Pereniĉ), installed Marja Boršnik in the literary system, precisely on the level of literary processing. That is how I tried to sharpen the place of literary worker or literary scholar in a complex literary process. Literary treatment has never, in contrast to production or reception of literary work, gained such attention. Key words: Marja Boršnik, literary worker, literary scholar, literary historian, Siegfried J. Schmidt, Urška Pereniĉ, positivism. Kazalo vsebine 1 UVOD ........................................................................................................................ 1 2 NAMEN IN RAZISKOVALNA IZHODIŠĈA.......................................................... 2 3 METODE LITERARNEGA RAZISKOVANJA ....................................................... 4 3.1 Empiriĉna literarna znanost (ELZ) .................................................................. 6 3.1.1 Siegfried J. Schmidt ......................................................................................... 6 3.1.2 Achim Barsch ................................................................................................... 8 3.1.3 Urška Pereniĉ ................................................................................................... 8 4 LITERARNA ZGODOVINARKA IN UREDNICA ............................................... 12 5 POZITIVIZEM ........................................................................................................ 24 6 ANALIZA – ANTON AŠKERC ............................................................................. 27 6.1 Anton Aškerc: Ţivljenje in delo .................................................................... 27 6.1.1 Mladost ......................................................................................................... 28 6.1.2. Dvojni poklic ............................................................................................ 34 6.1.3 V narodnem boju .......................................................................................... 36 6.1.4 Mahniĉ in realizem ....................................................................................... 37 6.1.5 Balade in romance ........................................................................................ 38 6.1.6 Od postaje do postaje ................................................................................... 40 6.1.7 Med liberalizmom in socializmom ............................................................... 44 6.1.8 »Fin de siecle« .............................................................................................. 48 6.1.9 Prva leta v Ljubljani ..................................................................................... 50 6.1.10 Urednik ......................................................................................................... 53 6.1.11 V borbi za prvenstvo .................................................................................... 55 6.1.12 Zaton............................................................................................................. 57 6.1.13 Aškerĉev pomen ........................................................................................... 58 6.2 Študije in fragmenti (1962)............................................................................ 58 6.3 Znameniti Slovenci; Anton Aškerc ............................................................... 59 6.3.1 Prvo Aškerĉevo ustvarjalno obdobje (1877–1884) ...................................... 60 6.3.2 Drugo Aškerĉevo ustvarjalno obdobje (1884–1891) ................................... 63 6.3.3 Tretje Aškerĉevo ustvarjalno obdobje (1891–1898) .................................... 67 6.3.4 Ĉetrto Aškerĉevo ustvarjalno obdobje (1898–1905) ................................... 72 6.3.5 Peto Aškerĉevo ustvarjalno obdobje (1905–1912) ...................................... 75 6.3.6 Pregled dogodkov ......................................................................................... 78 6.3.7 Bibliografija Aškerĉevih samostojnih del in publikacij o njem do njegove smrti 78 7 SINTEZA ................................................................................................................. 79 8 SKLEP ..................................................................................................................... 83 9 LITERATURA IN VIRI: ......................................................................................... 85 Kazalo tabel Tabela 1: Monografska dela Marje Boršnik. .................................................................. 13 Tabela 2: Monografije, izdane v srbskem jeziku. Veĉine podatkov o prevajalcih ni bilo mogoĉe dobiti. ................................................................................................................ 13 Tabela 3: Monografija, izdana v hrvaškem jeziku. ........................................................ 13 Tabela 4: Prikaz ĉlankov, objavljenih v strokovnih in znanstvenih revijam s podroĉja jezika in literature. .......................................................................................................... 15 Tabela 5: Ĉlanki, ki so bili objavljeni v zbornikih.
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