Cognitive Adaptations of Social Bonding in Birds Nathan J
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DOLPHIN RESEARCH CENTER Legends & Myths & More!
DOLPHIN RESEARCH CENTER Legends & Myths & More! Grade Level: 3rd -5 th Objectives: Students will construct their own meaning from a variety of legends and myths about dolphins and then create their own dolphin legend or myth. Florida Sunshine State Standards: Language Arts LA.A.2.2.5 The student reads and organizes information for a variety of purposes, including making a report, conducting interviews, taking a test, and performing an authentic task. LA.B.1.2 The student uses the writing processes effectively. Social Studies SS.A.1.2.1: The student understands how individuals, ideas, decisions, and events can influence history. SS.B.2.2.4: The student understands how factors such as population growth, human migration, improved methods of transportation and communication, and economic development affect the use and conservation of natural resources. Science SC.G.1.2.2 The student knows that living things compete in a climatic region with other living things and that structural adaptations make them fit for an environment. National Science Education Standards: Content Standard C (K-4) - Characteristics of Organisms : Each plant or animal has different structures that serve different functions in growth, survival, and reproduction. For example, humans have distinct body structures for walking, holding, seeing, and talking. Content Standard C (5-8) - Diversity and adaptations of Organisms : Biological evolution accounts for the diversity of species developed through gradual processes over many generations. Species acquire many of their unique characteristics through biological adaptation, which involves the selection of naturally occurring variations in populations. Biological adaptations include changes in structures, behaviors, or physiology that enhance survival and reproductive success in a particular environment. -
Intelligence in Corvids and Apes: a Case of Convergent Evolution? Amanda Seed*, Nathan Emery & Nicola Claytonà
Ethology CURRENT ISSUES – PERSPECTIVES AND REVIEWS Intelligence in Corvids and Apes: A Case of Convergent Evolution? Amanda Seed*, Nathan Emery & Nicola Claytonà * Department of Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany School of Biological & Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK à Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (Invited Review) Correspondence Abstract Nicola Clayton, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Intelligence is suggested to have evolved in primates in response to com- Street, Cambridge CB23EB, UK. plexities in the environment faced by their ancestors. Corvids, a large- E-mail: [email protected] brained group of birds, have been suggested to have undergone a con- vergent evolution of intelligence [Emery & Clayton (2004) Science, Vol. Received: November 13, 2008 306, pp. 1903–1907]. Here we review evidence for the proposal from Initial acceptance: December 26, 2008 both ultimate and proximate perspectives. While we show that many of Final acceptance: February 15, 2009 (M. Taborsky) the proposed hypotheses for the evolutionary origin of great ape intelli- gence also apply to corvids, further study is needed to reveal the selec- doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0310.2009.01644.x tive pressures that resulted in the evolution of intelligent behaviour in both corvids and apes. For comparative proximate analyses we empha- size the need to be explicit about the level of analysis to reveal the type of convergence that has taken place. Although there is evidence that corvids and apes solve social and physical problems with similar speed and flexibility, there is a great deal more to be learned about the repre- sentations and algorithms underpinning these computations in both groups. -
THE CASE AGAINST Marine Mammals in Captivity Authors: Naomi A
s l a m m a y t T i M S N v I i A e G t A n i p E S r a A C a C E H n T M i THE CASE AGAINST Marine Mammals in Captivity The Humane Society of the United State s/ World Society for the Protection of Animals 2009 1 1 1 2 0 A M , n o t s o g B r o . 1 a 0 s 2 u - e a t i p s u S w , t e e r t S h t u o S 9 8 THE CASE AGAINST Marine Mammals in Captivity Authors: Naomi A. Rose, E.C.M. Parsons, and Richard Farinato, 4th edition Editors: Naomi A. Rose and Debra Firmani, 4th edition ©2009 The Humane Society of the United States and the World Society for the Protection of Animals. All rights reserved. ©2008 The HSUS. All rights reserved. Printed on recycled paper, acid free and elemental chlorine free, with soy-based ink. Cover: ©iStockphoto.com/Ying Ying Wong Overview n the debate over marine mammals in captivity, the of the natural environment. The truth is that marine mammals have evolved physically and behaviorally to survive these rigors. public display industry maintains that marine mammal For example, nearly every kind of marine mammal, from sea lion Iexhibits serve a valuable conservation function, people to dolphin, travels large distances daily in a search for food. In learn important information from seeing live animals, and captivity, natural feeding and foraging patterns are completely lost. -
Wild Dolphin Behaviors What Are Natural Behaviors?
WILD DOLPHIN BEHAVIORS WHAT ARE NATURAL BEHAVIORS? Spinner dolphins exhibit a variety of natural behaviors, which are essential for survival and success in dolphin communities. The following behaviors are commonly seen in Hawaiian waters. Resting Traveling Socializing NMFS LOC15409 Resting is characterized by slow Travel is characterized by Social interactions involve swimming speed, synchronous dives persistent movement in a breeding, playing, and extended periods swimming in consistent direction. Dolphins aggression, and gentle body quiet formation along the shallow may travel alone or in groups. contact, such as rubbing. bottom Aerial Behaviors Aerial behaviors include those behaviors from which this dolphin received its name. Many of these behaviors bring the dolphin partially or completely out of the water with significant splash. Aerial behaviors include nose- outs, tail slaps, back slaps, side slaps, head slaps, arcuate leaps, tail-over-head leaps, and spins. Leap Side slap Arcuate leap Spin WHAT IS DISTURBANCE? Disturbance occurs when an animal’s natural behaviors are disrupted. Chronic disturbance may lead to long-term negative impacts, such as compromised health, stress, injury, reduced reproductive success, and displacement from, or avoidance of, important habitats. Some natural behaviors are more vulnerable to disturbance than others, such as feeding and resting. Maternal care is also particularly vulnerable to disturbance — extra care should be taken while viewing dolphin mothers and calves. WHAT CAUSES DISTURBANCE? Wild dolphins can be easily disturbed by the presence of people and watercraft, especially when approached too closely, quickly, or noisily for short or extended durations. Too many vessels approaching at the same time or in sequence can also cause disturbance. -
Effects of Hierarchical Steepness on Grooming Patterns in Female Tibetan Macaques (Macaca Thibetana)
fevo-09-631417 February 27, 2021 Time: 15:50 # 1 ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 04 March 2021 doi: 10.3389/fevo.2021.631417 Effects of Hierarchical Steepness on Grooming Patterns in Female Tibetan Macaques (Macaca thibetana) Dong-Po Xia1,2*†, Xi Wang2,3†, Paul A. Garber4,5, Bing-Hua Sun2,3, Lori K. Sheeran6, Lixing Sun7 and Jin-Hua Li2,3* 1 School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China, 2 International Collaborative Research Center for Huangshan Biodiversity and Tibetan Macaque Behavioral Ecology, Hefei, China, 3 School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, China, 4 Department of Anthropology and Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States, 5 International Centre of Biodiversity and Primate Conservation, Dali University, Dali, China, 6 Department of Anthropology and Museum Studies, Central Washington Edited by: University, Ellensburg, WA, United States, 7 Department of Biological Sciences, Central Washington University, Ellensburg, Lucja A. Fostowicz-Frelik, WA, United States Institute of Paleobiology (PAN), Poland Hierarchical steepness, defined as status asymmetries among conspecifics living in the Reviewed by: Małgorzata Arlet, same group, is not only used as a main characteristic of animal social relationships, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poland but also represents the degree of discrepancy between supply and demand within Jundong Tian, Zhengzhou University, China the framework of biological market theory. During September and December 2011, *Correspondence: we studied hierarchical steepness by comparing variation in grooming patterns in two Dong-Po Xia groups of Tibetan macaques (Macaca thibetana), a primate species characterized by [email protected] a linear dominance hierarchy. -
Healing and Caring in Dolphin-Assisted Therapy: Criticisms of Effectiveness and Ethical Issues
GESTALT THEORY, DOI 10.2478/gth-2018-0024 © 2018 (ISSN 2519-5808); Vol. 40, No.3, 323–336 Original Contributions - Originalbeiträge Irene Candelieri Healing and Caring in Dolphin-Assisted Therapy: Criticisms of Effectiveness and Ethical Issues Mit allen Augen sieht die Kreatur das Offene. Nur unsere Augen sind wie umgekehrt und ganz um sie gestellt als Fallen, rings um ihren freien Ausgang. […] das Offene, das im Tiergesicht so tief ist. Die achte Elegie, Die Duineser Elegien, Reiner Maria Rilke Human–Non-Human Interactions and Vulnerability in Animal-Assisted Therapies This report originates from research that I undertook years ago in Mongolia and Brazil about shamanism, which then led me to work for a period in Bali Island, in the field of dolphin-assisted therapies (DAT). The central topic of my research was the notion of care in ancient healing traditions, in unconventional treatments, as well as their contributions to present therapies, seen from a multidisciplinary approach involving psychology, anthropology and philosophy, which focuses in particular on the pivotal role played by transformational processes within the therapeutical dimension. Speaking about caring and healing, the study of shamanism (in particular, Siberian shamanic traditions) allowed me to closely observe how interaction be- tween humans and animals, in some cultures, seems essential in order to achieve complete recovery, at both the individual and the social levels. The shaman’s ini- tiatory transformation is manifested in her/his friendship with animals, in -
Sexual Selection in the Ring-Tailed Lemur (Lemur Catta): Female
Copyright by Joyce Ann Parga 2006 The Dissertation Committee for Joyce Ann Parga certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: Sexual Selection in the Ring-tailed Lemur (Lemur catta): Female Choice, Male Mating Strategies, and Male Mating Success in a Female Dominant Primate Committee: Deborah J. Overdorff, Supervisor Claud A. Bramblett Lisa Gould Rebecca J. Lewis Liza J. Shapiro Sexual Selection in the Ring-tailed Lemur (Lemur catta): Female Choice, Male Mating Strategies, and Male Mating Success in a Female Dominant Primate by Joyce Ann Parga, B.S.; M.A. Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Texas at Austin December, 2006 Dedication To my grandfather, Santiago Parga Acknowledgements I would first like to thank the St. Catherines Island Foundation, without whose cooperation this research would not have been possible. The SCI Foundation graciously provided housing and transportation throughout the course of this research. Their aid is gratefully acknowledged, as is the permission to conduct research on the island that I was granted by the late President Frank Larkin and the Foundation board. The Larkin and Smith families are also gratefully acknowledged. SCI Superintendent Royce Hayes is thanked for his facilitation of all aspects of the field research, for his hospitality, friendliness, and overall accessibility - whether I was on or off the island. The Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) is also an organization whose help is gratefully acknowledged. In particular, Colleen McCann and Jim Doherty of the WCS deserve thanks. -
Heraldry & the Parts of a Coat of Arms
Heraldry reference materials The tomb of Geoffrey V, Count of Anjou (died 1151) is the first recorded example of hereditary armory in Europe. The same shield shown here is found on the tomb effigy of his grandson, William Longespée, 3rd Earl of Salisbury. Heraldry & the Parts of a Coat of Arms From fleur-de-lis.com Here are some charts from Irish surnames.com, but you can look up more specific information for you by searching “charges” and the words that allude to your ancestors’ backgrounds and cultures, if you prefer. Also try: http://www.rarebooks.nd.edu/digital/heraldry/charges/crowns.html for a good reference source on charges. THE COLORS ON COATS OF ARMS Color Meaning Image Generosity Or (Gold) Argent (Silver or White) Sincerity, Peace Justice, Sovereignty, Purpure (Purple) Regal Warrior, Martyr, Military Gules (Red) Strength Azure (Blue) Strength, Loyalty Vert (Green) Hope, loyalty in love Sable (Black) Constancy, Grief Tenne or Tawny (Orange) Worthwhile Ambition Sanguine or Murray Victorious, Patient in Battle (Maroon) LINES ON COATS OF ARMS Name Meaning Image Irish Example Clouds or Air Nebuly Line Wavy Line Sea or Water Gillespie Embattled Fire, Town-Wall Patterson Line Engrailed Earth, Land Feeney Line Invecked Earth, Land Rowe Line Indented Fire Power Line HERALDIC BEASTS Name Meaning Image Irish Example Fierce Courage. In Ireland the Lion represented the 'lion' season, Lawlor Lion prior to the full arrival of Dillon Summer. The symbol can Condon also represent a great Warrior or Chief. Tiger Fierceness and valour Of Regal origin, one of high nature. In Ireland the Fish is associated with the legend of Fionn who became the first to Roche Fish taste the 'salmon of knowledge'. -
Johannes Ulf Lange Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology [email protected], Johannesulf.Github.Io
Johannes Ulf Lange Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology [email protected], johannesulf.github.io RESEARCH INTERESTS Cosmology, Large-Scale Structure, Weak Gravitational Lensing, Galaxy-Halo Connection, Galaxy Formation Theory, Statistical Methods and Machine Learning EDUCATION Yale University 08/2014 – 08/2019 M.Sc., M.Phil, Ph.D. in Astronomy Thesis Advisor: Frank van den Bosch Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg 09/2012 – 08/2014 Master of Science in Physics Freie Universität Berlin 10/2009 – 08/2012 Bachelor of Science in Physics POSITIONS Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology 09/2021 – 08/2023 Stanford–Santa Cruz Cosmology Postdoctoral Fellow University of California, Santa Cruz 09/2019 – 08/2021 Stanford–Santa Cruz Cosmology Postdoctoral Fellow FIRST-AUTHOR PUBLICATIONS [10] J. U. Lange, A. P. Hearin, A. Leauthaud, F. C. van den Bosch, H. Guo, and J. DeRose. “Five-percent measurements of the growth rate from simulation-based mod- elling of redshift-space clustering in BOSS LOWZ”. arXiv e-prints, arXiv:2101.12261 (Jan. 2021), arXiv:2101.12261. [9] J. U. Lange, A. Leauthaud, S. Singh, H. Guo, R. Zhou, T. L. Smith, and F.-Y. Cyr- Racine. “On the halo-mass and radial scale dependence of the lensing is low effect”. MNRAS 502.2 (Apr. 2021), pp. 2074–2086. [8] J. U. Lange, F. C. van den Bosch, A. R. Zentner, K. Wang, A. P. Hearin, and H. Guo. “Cosmological Evidence Modelling: a new simulation-based approach to constrain cosmology on non-linear scales”. MNRAS 490.2 (Dec. 2019), pp. 1870–1878. [7] J. U. Lange, X. Yang, H. Guo, W. -
Rattlesnake Tales 127
Hamell and Fox Rattlesnake Tales 127 Rattlesnake Tales George Hamell and William A. Fox Archaeological evidence from the Northeast and from selected Mississippian sites is presented and combined with ethnographic, historic and linguistic data to investigate the symbolic significance of the rattlesnake to northeastern Native groups. The authors argue that the rattlesnake is, chief and foremost, the pre-eminent shaman with a (gourd) medicine rattle attached to his tail. A strong and pervasive association of serpents, including rattlesnakes, with lightning and rainfall is argued to have resulted in a drought-related ceremo- nial expression among Ontario Iroquoians from circa A.D. 1200 -1450. The Rattlesnake and Associates Personified (Crotalus admanteus) rattlesnake man-being held a special fascination for the Northern Iroquoians Few, if any of the other-than-human kinds of (Figure 2). people that populate the mythical realities of the This is unexpected because the historic range of North American Indians are held in greater the eastern diamondback rattlesnake did not esteem than the rattlesnake man-being,1 a grand- extend northward into the homeland of the father, and the proto-typical shaman and warrior Northern Iroquoians. However, by the later sev- (Hamell 1979:Figures 17, 19-21; 1998:258, enteenth century, the historic range of the 264-266, 270-271; cf. Klauber 1972, II:1116- Northern Iroquoians and the Iroquois proper 1219) (Figure 1). Real humans and the other- extended southward into the homeland of the than-human kinds of people around them con- eastern diamondback rattlesnake. By this time the stitute a social world, a three-dimensional net- Seneca and other Iroquois had also incorporated work of kinsmen, governed by the rule of reci- and assimilated into their identities individuals procity and with the intensity of the reciprocity and families from throughout the Great Lakes correlated with the social, geographical, and region and southward into Virginia and the sometimes mythical distance between them Carolinas. -
Tursiops Truncatus)
Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) Image from UNCW Marine Mammal Program Image from UNCW Marine Mammal Program Taken under NOAA scientific permit #948-1692-00 Taken under NOAA scientific permit #948-1692-00 Species Description: - Body coloration ranges from light grey to black dorsally - Robust body and moderately falcate dorsal fin and laterally, with a lighter colored belly - Sharp demarcation between melon and short rostrum - Body size and appendage shape varies across - Pectoral flipper’s leading edge convex, pointed tips geographic regions - Flukes concavely curved along trailing margin and - Average adult length is 6-12 ft (2-3.8 m) notched in center - Average adult weight is 300-1400 lbs (135-635 kg) Behavior: Reproduction: - Fast, efficient swimmers - Lifespan for males - 40-45 yrs, females - over 50 yrs - Cruise at speeds of 1.4 to 3.1 meters per second (3.1-6.9 - Sexual maturity for males - 9-14 yrs, females - 5-13 yrs miles per hour) - Gestation period approximately 12 months - Coastal form found in groups of 2-15 individuals - Calving season usually occurs in warmer months - Groups types include: female bands/nursery, subadult, and male pairs Diet: - Fish Threats / Conservation: Conservation/ Threats: - Benthic invertebrates - Not endangered - Pelagic fish and squids - Protected under the Marine Mammal Protection Act in - Feeding strategies include “fish whacking”, “kerplunking”, United States “crater” feeding, and herding - Bycatch from gillnets, seines, trawls and fishing gear - In 2013-14 experienced a Morbillivirus -
Intentional Gestures Predict Complex Sociality in Wild Chimpanzee
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/365858; this version posted July 10, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. Title page Intentional gestures predict complex sociality in wild chimpanzee Authors: Anna Ilona Roberts1*†, Sam George Bradley Roberts1, 2*† Affiliations: 1Department of Psychology, University of Chester, Chester; Parkgate Road, Chester CH1 4BJ, UK 2School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF *Correspondence to: [email protected], [email protected] †Equally contributing authors bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/365858; this version posted July 10, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 1 Abstract 2 A key challenge for primates is coordinating behavior with conspecifics in large, complex 3 social groups. Gestures play a key role in this process and chimpanzees show considerable 4 flexibility communicating through single gestures, sequences of gestures interspersed with 5 periods of response waiting (persistence) and rapid sequences where gestures are made in quick 6 succession, too rapid for the response waiting to have occurred. Previous studies examined 7 behavioral reactions to single gestures and sequences, but whether this complexity is associated 8 with more complex sociality at the level of the dyad partner and the group as a whole is not 9 well understood. We used social network analysis to examine how the production of single 10 gestures and sequences of gestures was related to the duration of time spent in proximity and 11 individual differences in proximity in wild East African chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes 12 schweinfurthii).