DOCSLIB.ORG

Sexual Selection in the Ring-Tailed Lemur (Lemur Catta): Female

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Sexual Selection in the Ring-Tailed Lemur (Lemur Catta): Female Copyright by Joyce Ann Parga 2006 The Dissertation Committee for Joyce Ann Parga certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: Sexual Selection in the Ring-tailed Lemur (Lemur catta): Female Choice, Male Mating Strategies, and Male Mating Success in a Female Dominant Primate Committee: Deborah J. Overdorff, Supervisor Claud A. Bramblett Lisa Gould Rebecca J. Lewis Liza J. Shapiro Sexual Selection in the Ring-tailed Lemur (Lemur catta): Female Choice, Male Mating Strategies, and Male Mating Success in a Female Dominant Primate by Joyce Ann Parga, B.S.; M.A. Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Texas at Austin December, 2006 Dedication To my grandfather, Santiago Parga Acknowledgements I would first like to thank the St. Catherines Island Foundation, without whose cooperation this research would not have been possible. The SCI Foundation graciously provided housing and transportation throughout the course of this research. Their aid is gratefully acknowledged, as is the permission to conduct research on the island that I was granted by the late President Frank Larkin and the Foundation board. The Larkin and Smith families are also gratefully acknowledged. SCI Superintendent Royce Hayes is thanked for his facilitation of all aspects of the field research, for his hospitality, friendliness, and overall accessibility - whether I was on or off the island. The Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) is also an organization whose help is gratefully acknowledged. In particular, Colleen McCann and Jim Doherty of the WCS deserve thanks. The WCS employees of the Wildlife Survival Center on St. Catherines Island always treated me like family, even though my stays were always temporary. The help of Senior Zoologist Robert Lessnau was especially crucial to the completion of this project. Bob, your willingness to share your years of experience with the lemurs of St. Catherines (as well as your passenger seat for numerous car rides, not to mention attic space for cumbersome field gear!) will be forever remembered. Jeff Spratt, past Curator v of the Wildlife Survival Center is also thanked for his steadfast support of my research, as is Terry Norton, an excellent veterinarian who also understands and values research immensely. Jennifer Savage, primate keeper, also provided valuable information on the lemurs when I was away from particular groups, or was away from the island. Several WCS interns made life infinitely easier by occasionally aiding in my research and providing friendship during my stays on the island, and I thank them all, especially Kelly Guinn, Del Hurst, and Tyann Marsh. I thank my dissertation committee for their guidance: Deborah Overdorff (chair and my major advisor), Claud Bramblett, Lisa Gould, Becca Lewis, and Liza Shapiro. Throughout my graduate program and stages of writing, you all were a source of continued support, knowledge and insight. Claud, always a repository of wisdom, anecdotes and advice, I thank you for all of the stories (human and non-human primate alike!) that I will be able to share with my own students to enhance their understanding of this curious and unique mammalian order. Lisa, the first time we met, you said that I could ask you anything at all about ring-tailed lemurs, and you have been unselfishly sharing your knowledge ever since! Thank you for helping me to improve my work, and for providing me with a perspective from your years of research in Madagascar. Becca, it is a pleasure to share my work with you – your constructive criticism and positive attitude provides the perfect atmosphere for academic growth. Liza, I thank you for lending your outside perspective to my research and writing, which, without fail, has allowed me to strengthen my work. I also thank you for your indispensable advice about all things academic over the years. Finally, to my advisor Deborah, I thank you for vi giving me the opportunity to enter the world of primatology, and for being open-minded enough to let me do things my way while also solidly providing direction and a guiding hand at critical junctures. You always maintained a positive outlook that I found infectious, and your confidence in me has never flagged. Thank you. Also deserving of thanks are several professors who have played a role in shaping my academic development and that of my research. Two mentors I had as an undergraduate at the University of California at Irvine, Nancy Burley and George Hunt, Jr., both helped to foster my interest in behavioral ecology, and provided me with my first glimpse into academia. Early on they provided me with a broad taxonomic perspective for which I will always be grateful. Throughout my years of graduate school, Anne Mertl-Milhollen, Michelle Sauther, Bob Sussman, and Linda Taylor were never too busy to talk to me about lemur behavior and related topics, and occasionally provided a sounding board for my ideas – for this I will always be grateful. I also thank my past and present fellow students at the University of Texas at Austin, a group of people whose academic talent is equally matched by their capacity for friendship and collegiality. To my fellow academic ‘sibs’ Laura Alport, Chris Grassi, Steig Johnson, and Stacey Tecot - you were always available to give advice, and lend an ear to the “catta” side of things. The friendship of Angela Palmer and Summer Bowman were integral in making me feel at home at UT-Austin, especially in my early years of graduate school when Texas didn’t yet feel like home. To my fellow cohort members Katherine Whitcome and Murat Maga: Kath, thank you for your candid and ultra- vii supportive nature, and for our dissertation support meetings. You were always there with a kind and encouraging word. My dissertation writing period would not have been quite the same without your mutual support. Murat, thanks for sharing your CT scanning skills, I enjoyed the collaboration immensely. To all other past and present UT students too numerous to name who I have had the pleasure of knowing - you have all helped to create fond memories of my time at UT. To my field assistants Layla Coleman, Amy Henry, Shawna Meyers, Kristen Parks, and Rachael Smith: thank you for your giving up a little of your lives to accompany me to “The Island”. I will always be grateful for your help and friendship in the field, and feel extraordinarily fortunate that I found such dependable assistants. I am glad that I was able to share with you the unique place that St. Catherines Island is, and give you a window into the lives of the ring-tailed lemurs who live there. Last but most certainly not least, I thank Serv J. Lozano for many things – especially for his steadfast determination to never let my confidence or productivity wane. I thank you for choosing to use your time and energies to help me to do what I love, and for repeatedly accompanying me in my yearly migratory trek to my field site. This road has been so much more enjoyable with you to share my ups and downs. No acknowledgement would be complete without a word of thanks to the subjects that make the research possible. The ring-tailed lemurs of St. Catherines Island have taught me more than I could have ever expected. I hope I have done my part to highlight some viii of the most intimate portions of their lives to help reveal the amazing but subtle complexity of their social relationships and reproductive behavior. Funding for this research was provided by two Graduate Research Fellowships from the College of Liberal Arts at the University of Texas at Austin. I was supported throughout its research and writing by a National Science Foundation Graduate Pre-Doctoral Fellowship, a Bruton Fellowship from the University of Texas at Austin, a University Continuing Tuition Fellowship from the University of Texas at Austin, and by a Ford Foundation Dissertation Fellowship. ix Sexual Selection in the Ring-tailed Lemur (Lemur catta): Female Choice, Male Mating Strategies, and Male Mating Success in a Female Dominant Primate Publication No._____________ Joyce Ann Parga, Ph.D. The University of Texas at Austin, 2006 Supervisor: Deborah J. Overdorff Where male-male mating competition is intense, males are frequently larger than females, or have weaponry (e.g. enlarged canines) that females lack. Male dominance over females is often thought to be a by-product of selection for superior size and aggression. Paradoxically, some Malagasy primates show aggressive male-male competition over access to mates, yet lack sexual dimorphism in body size and dentition, and exhibit female dominance over males. This study’s purpose was to investigate female choice and male mating strategies in one such species, the ring-tailed lemur (Lemur catta), to compare the success of physically combative male mating strategies versus alternative non-combative strategies (i.e. sneak copulations). Data were collected across five breeding seasons (2000-2004) on St. Catherines Island, USA, on a provisioned free-ranging L. catta population. Four distinct L. catta groups were studied, two per breeding season, each group having 4-8 females and 2-4 non-natal males. The most commonly used male mating tactics were those that depended on physical contest x competition among males. Alpha males often used their dominance status to gain first access to an estrus female, while non-alpha males frequently employed the use of dominance rank reversals as a mating strategy, which required aggressive challenges of more dominant males. Sneak and evasive copulations were also used, though much less often.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Predator-Primate Occupation and Co-Occurrence in the Issa Valley, Katavi Region, Western Tanzania
    BSc. thesis: Predator-primate occupation and co-occurrence in the Issa Valley, Katavi Region, western Tanzania. Menno J. Breider Student Applied Biology, Aeres University of Applied Sciences, Almere, The Netherlands Aeres University graduation teacher: Quirine Hakkaart In association with the Ugalla Primate Project Edam, 2 June 2017 This page is intentionally left blank for double-sided printing BSc. thesis: Predator-primate occupation and co-occurrence in the Issa Valley, Katavi Region, western Tanzania. Menno J. Breider Student Applied Biology, Aeres University of Applied Sciences, Almere, The Netherlands Aeres University graduation teacher: Quirine Hakkaart In association with the Ugalla Primate Project Edam, 2 June 2017 Front page images, top to bottom: Top: Eastern chimpanzee and leopard at the same location, different occasions. Middle: Researcher and leopard at the same location, different occasions. Bottom: Red-tailed monkey and researchers at the same location, different occasions. All: Camera trap footage from the Issa Valley, provided by the Ugalla Primate Project. Edited: combined, gradient created and cropped. This page is intentionally left blank for double-sided printing - Acknowledgements I wish to thank, first and foremost, Alex Piel of the Ugalla Primate Project for enabling this subject and for patiently supporting me during this project. His quick responses (often within an hour, no matter what time of the day), feedback and insights have been indispensable. I am also grateful to my graduation teacher, Quirine Hakkaart from the Aeres University, for guiding me through this thesis project and for her feedback on multiple versions of this study and its proposal. I would also have been unable to complete this research without the support and feedback of my friends and family.
    [Show full text]
  • Cognitive Adaptations of Social Bonding in Birds Nathan J
    Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B (2007) 362, 489–505 doi:10.1098/rstb.2006.1991 Published online 24 January 2007 Cognitive adaptations of social bonding in birds Nathan J. Emery1,*, Amanda M. Seed2, Auguste M. P. von Bayern1 and Nicola S. Clayton2 1Sub-department of Animal Behaviour, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 8AA, UK 2Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK The ‘social intelligence hypothesis’ was originally conceived to explain how primates may have evolved their superior intellect and large brains when compared with other animals. Although some birds such as corvids may be intellectually comparable to apes, the same relationship between sociality and brain size seen in primates has not been found for birds, possibly suggesting a role for other non-social factors. But bird sociality is different from primate sociality. Most monkeys and apes form stable groups, whereas most birds are monogamous, and only form large flocks outside of the breeding season. Some birds form lifelong pair bonds and these species tend to have the largest brains relative to body size. Some of these species are known for their intellectual abilities (e.g. corvids and parrots), while others are not (e.g. geese and albatrosses). Although socio-ecological factors may explain some of the differences in brain size and intelligence between corvids/parrots and geese/albatrosses, we predict that the type and quality of the bonded relationship is also critical. Indeed, we present empirical evidence that rook and jackdaw partnerships resemble primate and dolphin alliances. Although social interactions within a pair may seem simple on the surface, we argue that cognition may play an important role in the maintenance of long-term relationships, something we name as ‘relationship intelligence’.
    [Show full text]
  • Effects of Hierarchical Steepness on Grooming Patterns in Female Tibetan Macaques (Macaca Thibetana)
    fevo-09-631417 February 27, 2021 Time: 15:50 # 1 ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 04 March 2021 doi: 10.3389/fevo.2021.631417 Effects of Hierarchical Steepness on Grooming Patterns in Female Tibetan Macaques (Macaca thibetana) Dong-Po Xia1,2*†, Xi Wang2,3†, Paul A. Garber4,5, Bing-Hua Sun2,3, Lori K. Sheeran6, Lixing Sun7 and Jin-Hua Li2,3* 1 School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China, 2 International Collaborative Research Center for Huangshan Biodiversity and Tibetan Macaque Behavioral Ecology, Hefei, China, 3 School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, China, 4 Department of Anthropology and Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States, 5 International Centre of Biodiversity and Primate Conservation, Dali University, Dali, China, 6 Department of Anthropology and Museum Studies, Central Washington Edited by: University, Ellensburg, WA, United States, 7 Department of Biological Sciences, Central Washington University, Ellensburg, Lucja A. Fostowicz-Frelik, WA, United States Institute of Paleobiology (PAN), Poland Hierarchical steepness, defined as status asymmetries among conspecifics living in the Reviewed by: Małgorzata Arlet, same group, is not only used as a main characteristic of animal social relationships, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poland but also represents the degree of discrepancy between supply and demand within Jundong Tian, Zhengzhou University, China the framework of biological market theory. During September and December 2011, *Correspondence: we studied hierarchical steepness by comparing variation in grooming patterns in two Dong-Po Xia groups of Tibetan macaques (Macaca thibetana), a primate species characterized by [email protected] a linear dominance hierarchy.
    [Show full text]
  • Sleep and Nesting Behavior in Primates: a Review
    Received: 29 July 2017 | Revised: 30 November 2017 | Accepted: 2 December 2017 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23373 REVIEW ARTICLE Sleep and nesting behavior in primates: A review Barbara Fruth1,2,3,4 | Nikki Tagg1 | Fiona Stewart2 1Centre for Research and Conservation/ KMDA, Antwerp, Belgium Abstract 2Faculty of Science/School of Natural Sleep is a universal behavior in vertebrate and invertebrate animals, suggesting it originated in the Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John very first life forms. Given the vital function of sleep, sleeping patterns and sleep architecture fol- Moores University, United Kingdom low dynamic and adaptive processes reflecting trade-offs to different selective pressures. 3 Department of Developmental and Here, we review responses in sleep and sleep-related behavior to environmental constraints Comparative Psychology, Max-Planck- across primate species, focusing on the role of great ape nest building in hominid evolution. We Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany summarize and synthesize major hypotheses explaining the proximate and ultimate functions of 4Faculty of Biology/Department of great ape nest building across all species and subspecies; we draw on 46 original studies published Neurobiology, Ludwig Maximilians between 2000 and 2017. In addition, we integrate the most recent data brought together by University of Munich, Germany researchers from a complementary range of disciplines in the frame of the symposium “Burning the midnight oil” held at the 26th Congress of the International Primatological Society, Chicago, Correspondence Barbara Fruth, Liverpool John Moores August 2016, as well as some additional contributors, each of which is included as a “stand-alone” University, Faculty of Science/NSP, article in this “Primate Sleep” symposium set.
    [Show full text]
  • The Biogeography of Large Islands, Or How Does the Size of the Ecological Theater Affect the Evolutionary Play
    The biogeography of large islands, or how does the size of the ecological theater affect the evolutionary play Egbert Giles Leigh, Annette Hladik, Claude Marcel Hladik, Alison Jolly To cite this version: Egbert Giles Leigh, Annette Hladik, Claude Marcel Hladik, Alison Jolly. The biogeography of large islands, or how does the size of the ecological theater affect the evolutionary play. Revue d’Ecologie, Terre et Vie, Société nationale de protection de la nature, 2007, 62, pp.105-168. hal-00283373 HAL Id: hal-00283373 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00283373 Submitted on 14 Dec 2010 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. THE BIOGEOGRAPHY OF LARGE ISLANDS, OR HOW DOES THE SIZE OF THE ECOLOGICAL THEATER AFFECT THE EVOLUTIONARY PLAY? Egbert Giles LEIGH, Jr.1, Annette HLADIK2, Claude Marcel HLADIK2 & Alison JOLLY3 RÉSUMÉ. — La biogéographie des grandes îles, ou comment la taille de la scène écologique infl uence- t-elle le jeu de l’évolution ? — Nous présentons une approche comparative des particularités de l’évolution dans des milieux insulaires de différentes surfaces, allant de la taille de l’île de La Réunion à celle de l’Amé- rique du Sud au Pliocène.
    [Show full text]
  • Logical Inferences from Visual and Auditory Information in Ruffed Lemurs and Sifakas
    Animal Behaviour xxx (xxxx) xxx Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Animal Behaviour journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/anbehav Logical inferences from visual and auditory information in ruffed lemurs and sifakas * Francesca De Petrillo a, b, , Alexandra G. Rosati b, c a Institute for Advance Study in Toulouse, 1, Esplanade de l'Universite, Toulouse, France b Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, U.S.A. c Department of Anthropology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, U.S.A. article info Inference by exclusion, or the ability to select a correct course of action by systematically excluding other Article history: potential alternatives, is a form of logical inference that allows individuals to solve problems without Received 17 October 2019 complete information. Current comparative research shows that several bird, mammal and primate Initial acceptance 24 December 2019 species can find hidden food through inference by exclusion. Yet there is also wide variation in how Final acceptance 31 January 2020 successful different species are as well as the kinds of sensory information they can use to do so. An Available online xxx important question is therefore why some species are better at engaging in logical inference than others. MS. number: A19-00797R Here, we investigate the evolution of logical reasoning abilities by comparing strepsirrhine primate species that vary in dietary ecology: frugivorous ruffed lemurs (Varecia spp.) and folivorous Coquerel's Keywords: sifakas, Propithecus coquereli. Across two studies, we examined their abilities to locate food using direct auditory information information versus inference from exclusion and using both visual and auditory information.
    [Show full text]
  • Intentional Gestures Predict Complex Sociality in Wild Chimpanzee
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/365858; this version posted July 10, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. Title page Intentional gestures predict complex sociality in wild chimpanzee Authors: Anna Ilona Roberts1*†, Sam George Bradley Roberts1, 2*† Affiliations: 1Department of Psychology, University of Chester, Chester; Parkgate Road, Chester CH1 4BJ, UK 2School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF *Correspondence to: [email protected], [email protected] †Equally contributing authors bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/365858; this version posted July 10, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 1 Abstract 2 A key challenge for primates is coordinating behavior with conspecifics in large, complex 3 social groups. Gestures play a key role in this process and chimpanzees show considerable 4 flexibility communicating through single gestures, sequences of gestures interspersed with 5 periods of response waiting (persistence) and rapid sequences where gestures are made in quick 6 succession, too rapid for the response waiting to have occurred. Previous studies examined 7 behavioral reactions to single gestures and sequences, but whether this complexity is associated 8 with more complex sociality at the level of the dyad partner and the group as a whole is not 9 well understood. We used social network analysis to examine how the production of single 10 gestures and sequences of gestures was related to the duration of time spent in proximity and 11 individual differences in proximity in wild East African chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes 12 schweinfurthii).
    [Show full text]
  • From Darkness to Daylight: Cathemeral Activity in Primates
    JASs Invited Reviews Journal of Anthropological Sciences Vol. 84 (2006), pp. 1-117-32 From darkness to daylight: cathemeral activity in primates Giuseppe Donati & Silvana M. Borgognini-Tarli Dipartimento di Biologia, Unità di Antropologia, Università di Pisa, Via S. Maria, 55, Pisa, Italy, e-mail: [email protected] Summary – Within the primate order, Haplorrhini and Strepsirrhini are adapted to diurnal or nocturnal lifestyle. However, Malagasy lemurs exhibit a wide range of activity patterns, from almost completely nocturnal to almost completely diurnal, while others are active over the 24-hours. Cathemerality, the term minted by Tattersall (1987) to define the latter activity style, has been recorded in Eulemur and Hapalemur, as well as in some populations of the New World monkey Aotus. As most animals specialize in a particular phase of the 24- hour cycle, the cathemeral strategy is expected to be the consequence of powerful pressures. We will review hypotheses and findings on ultimate reasons of primate cathemeral activity, present proximate factors shaping the activity cycle and discuss the possible roles of feeding competition, food shortage and dietary quality, thermoregulation, and predation in making this activity advantageous. Overall, we will see how unstable environments and various community characteristics would tend to select for a flexible activity phase. Most attempts to explain cathemerality have relied on adaptive explanations, which assume that this activity is stable and deep-rooted. In contrast, some researchers have suggested that cathemerality represents a non-adaptive transitional state between nocturnality and diurnality. Chronobiology studies indicate that cathemeral species should be considered as dark active primates, thus favouring a recent origin.
    [Show full text]
  • Evolutionary Ecology of Mammalian Placental Invasiveness
    EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY OF MAMMALIAN PLACENTAL INVASIVENESS Michael G. Elliot M.A., University of Oxford, 1998 THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE In the Department of Biological Sciences O Michael G. Elliot 2007 SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY Fa11 2007 All rights reserved. This work may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy OF other means, without permission of the author. APPROVAL Name: Michael G. Elliot Degree: Master of Science Title of Thesis: Evolutionary ecology of mammalian placental invasiveness Examining Committee: Chair: Dr. R. Ydenberg, Professor Dr. B. Crespi, Professor, Senior Supervisor Department of Biological Sciences, S.F.U. Dr. A. Mooers, Associate Professor Department of Biological Sciences, S.F.U. Dr. T. Williams, Professor Department of Biological Sciences, S.F.U. Dr. J. Reynolds, Professor Department of Biological Sciences, S.F.U. Public Examiner 4 December Date Approved Declaration of Partial Copyright Licence The author, whose copyright is declared on the title page of this work, has granted to Simon Fraser University the right to lend this thesis, project or extended essay to users of the Simon Fraser University ~ibrary,and to make partial or single copies only for such users or in response to a request from the library of any other university, or other educational institution, on its own behalf or for one of its users. The author has further granted permission to Simon Fraser University to keep or make a digital copy for use in its circulating collection (currently available to the public at the 'Institutional Repositoryn link of the SFU Library website <www.lib.sfu.ca> at: <http://ir.lib.sfu.ca/handle/l892/112>) and, without changing the content, to translate the thesislproject or extended essays, if technically possible, to any medium or format for the purpose of preservation of the digital work.
    [Show full text]
  • Edler Thesis
    A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF HIPPOCAMPUS SIZE AND ECOLOGICAL FACTORS IN PRIMATES A thesis submitted to Kent State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts by Melissa Edler August 2007 Thesis written by Melissa Edler B.A., Kent State University, 2000 M.A., Kent State University, 2007 Approved by Dr. Chet C. Sherwood, Advisor Dr. Richard S. Meindl, Chair, Department of Anthropology Dr. John R. D. Stalvey, Dean, College of Arts and Sciences ii TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES…………………………………………………………………… v LIST OF TABLES……………………………………………………………………. vii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS…………………………………………………………… ix Chapter I. INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………… 1 Overview…………………………………………………………………... 1 Role of the Hippocampus in Memory………………………………........... 2 Spatial Memory……………………………………………………………. 7 Place Cells…………………………………………………………………. 9 Spatial View Cells…………………………………………………………. 12 Use of Spatial Memory in Foraging…………………………………....….. 17 Cognitive Adaptations to the Environment………………………………... 21 II. METHODS………………………………………………………………... 26 Species Analyses…………………………………………………………... 31 Independent Contrast Analyses……………………………………………. 33 III. RESULTS………………………………………………………………….. 37 Percentage of Frugivorous Diet……………………………………………. 37 Percentage of Folivorous Diet……………………………………………... 39 Percentage of Insectivorous Diet…………………………………………... 42 iii Home Range……………………………………………………………….. 44 Diurnal Activity Pattern……………………………………………………. 47 Nocturnal Activity Pattern…………………………………………….….... 48 Arboreal Habitat……………………………………………………………. 49 Semi-Terrestrial
    [Show full text]
  • NUNN Department of Evolutionary Anthropology & the Duke Global Health Institute Duke University Durham, NC 27708
    CHARLES L. NUNN Department of Evolutionary Anthropology & The Duke Global Health Institute Duke University Durham, NC 27708 (919) 660-7281 [email protected] CURRENT POSITION Professor, Department of Evolutionary Anthropology and The Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University. July 2013 to present. Director, Triangle Center for Evolutionary Medicine (TriCEM), November 2014 to present. PREVIOUS ACADEMIC APPOINTMENTS Associate Professor, Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University. July 2008 to June 2013. Research Scientist (C3 “Group Leader”), Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany, 2005-2008. Assistant Adjunct Professor, Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, 2004-2008. Postdoctoral Researcher, Section of Evolution and Ecology, University of California Davis, 2001- 2004. Mentors: Michael Sanderson and Monique Borgerhoff Mulder Postdoctoral Research Associate, Department of Biology, University of Virginia, 1999-2001. Mentors: Janis Antonovics and John Gittleman EDUCATION Ph.D., Duke University, Department of Biological Anthropology and Anatomy, 1993-1999 Advisor: Carel van Schaik Postbaccalaureate Student, Biology and Anthropology, University of Washington, 1992 B.A., Dartmouth College, 1987-1991 HONORS David and Janet Vaughan Brooks Award (2019-20 academic year, Duke University). Gosnell Family Professorship in Global Health (Duke Global Health, 2019 to present). Duke Global Health Undergraduate Professor of the Year (2018-19, student-nominated). Nunn - p. 1 Langford Lectureship, Duke University (Provost’s Office and Committee on Appointments and Promotions). Burke Fellowship, Harvard Initiative in Global Health, 2010-2012. Funding to develop an undergraduate course in “Primate Disease Ecology and Evolution” (HEB 1333). Finalist for a Levenson Prize for Teaching (Student Nominated), Harvard University, 2010-2011. J.H.
    [Show full text]
  • AT the DUKE LEMUR CENTER by Kathleen Marie Mcguire B
    i THE SOCIAL BEHAVIOR AND DYNAMICS OF OLD RING-TAILED LEMURS (LEMUR CATTA) AT THE DUKE LEMUR CENTER By Kathleen Marie McGuire B.S., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014 A thesis submitted to the faculty of the University of Colorado in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Arts. Department of Anthropology 2017 ii This thesis entitled: The Social Behavior and Dynamics of Old Ring-tailed Lemurs (Lemur catta) at the Duke Lemur Center written by Kathleen Marie McGuire has been approved for the Department of Anthropology _____________________________________________________ Dr. Michelle L. Sauther (Committee Chair) _____________________________________________________ Dr. Herbert H. Covert _____________________________________________________ Dr. Joanna E. Lambert Date The final copy of this thesis has been examined by the signatories, and we find that both the content and the form meet acceptable presentation standards of scholarly work in the above mentioned discipline. IACUC protocol # A168-14-07 iii Abstract McGuire, Kathleen Marie (M.A. Anthropology) The Social Behavior and Dynamics of Old Ring-tailed Lemurs (Lemur catta) at the Duke Lemur Center Thesis directed by Professor Michelle L. Sauther There has been little emphasis within primatology on the social and behavioral strategies old primates might use to meet the challenges of senescence while maintaining social engagement, such as assuming a group role like navigator. Understanding how old primates maintain sociality can reveal how behavioral flexibility might have facilitated an increase in longevity within the order. Using focal sampling of old (N = 9, 10+ years) and adult (N = 6, <10 years) Lemur catta at the Duke Lemur Center, activity budgets, social interactions, and group traveling information were recorded and compared from May to August of 2016.
    [Show full text]