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V. n d & n e w s 40/41 Kommunales Handeln s und grüne Netzwerke Local Activities and Green Networks o Project-Reports: • Urban SMS newsletter final • SONDAR INFORMATION N° 2 i Soil Strategy Network in the Danube Region l locallocal landland && soilsoil newsnews 40/41no.40/41 I/12 I/12 The Bulletin of the European Land and Soil Alliance (ELSA) e.V. c o n t e n t / i n h a l t e d i t o r i a l green network 3–5 • Central Scotland Green Network (CSGN) Was hat das mit Boden zu tun? – multifunctional landscape in national Geschätzte Mitglieder und Freunde des Boden-Bündnisses strategic planning Befragt man Städte und Gemeinden über ihr kommunales Handeln im Be- kommunales handeln 6–11 reich Bodenschutz, werden als konkrete Tätigkeiten vielfältige Beispiele • Kommunaler Bodenschutz in Ottensheim aufgeführt, die Böden einesteils direkt im engeren Sinne betreffen, etwa oder der Versuch Nachhaltigkeit mit zu durch Freihaltung von Grünflächen oder durch schonende Bodenbearbeitung, gestalten andernteils auch solche, welche Böden weit indirekter tangieren. Jene Bei- • Beispielhafte Kommunalplanung in der spiele betreffen insbesondere Aktivitäten im Bereich des Ortsbildschutzes, Berner Agglomerationsgemeinde Köniz des Liegenschaftenmarktes, der Verkehrsplanung, der Energie- und Wasser- soil quality assessment 12–14 versorgung, der Abfallentsorgung, der örtlichen Direktvermarktung und Ei- • Soil Quality Assessment for Spatial genversorgung. Antworten auf nachstehende Fragen können dazu beitragen, Planning in Urban and Peri-Urban Areas die Wirkungen kommunaler Vorhaben auf Böden besser einzuschätzen: – Municipalities of Gardanne and Rousset • Fördert das Vorhaben naturnahe Landschaftsräume und -elemente in der (southern France) Gemeinde (natürliche Biotope, naturnahe Grünflächen)? eu projekt circuse 15–18 • Trägt das Vorhaben zur Verringerung des Flächenverbrauchs, zur vermin- • Flächenkreislaufwirtschaft in der Region derten Bodenversiegelung und zu verdichtetem Bauen bei? Voitsberg • Verhindert das Vorhaben, dass Schadstoffe in die Luft und das Wasser und somit auch in die Böden gelangen? geodateninfrastruktur inspire 19–21 • Führt das Vorhaben dazu, dass weniger Energie (insbesondere aus nicht- • INSPIRE in Bayern – Ein Blick von unten erneuerbaren Energieträgern) verbraucht wird? nach oben; von der Gemeinde über den • Ermöglicht das Vorhaben eine sparsame Verwendung von (nicht erneuer- Landkreis zum Staat baren) Rohstoffen? intergovernmental panel on land and soils 22–23 • Steigert das Vorhaben die Wohn- und Lebensqualität, das Wohnumfeld und • Towards an Intergovernmental Panel on die Identifikationsmöglichkeiten in der Gemeinde? Land and Soils? – The debate is gaining Dieses Heft behandelt konkrete Beispiele aus Kommunen verschiedener new momentum Länder, die anhand solcher Fragen hinsichtlich ihrer Wirkung auf den Bo- news & communications 18, 32 denschutz beurteilt werden können. • Niedermoore – Boden des Jahres 2012 Ihr Redaktionsteam local land & soil news • Marktredwitzer Bodenschutztage 2012 • Agenda What does it have to do with soil? p r o j e c t r e p o r t s Dear Members and Friends of the European Land & Soil Alliance URBAN–SMS newsletter final 24–27 Project results and products When asking cities, towns and municipalities about their local activities in SONDAR INFORMATION No. 2 28–31 the field of soil protection, they mention various activities either directly Boden als Indikator für Hochwasserereignisse concerning soils, for example keeping green areas open or cultivating soils Soil as an Indicator of Flood Occurrences gently, or activities more indirectly referring to soils. Those especially concern Cover Photo: Agricultural green-belt surrounding of activities in the fields of heritage site protection, real estate market, transport Glarus, Switzerland. llsn Edition. planning, energy and water supply, waste disposal, local direct marketing and self-supply. Answers to the following questions may contribute to better preview local land & soil news no. 42 estimate the impacts of planned local measures on soils: Focus: • Does the measure promote semi-natural landscapes and landscape elements Grassland & Soil in municipalities (natural biotopes, semi-natural green areas)? The next issue will be published in November • Does the measure help to reduce land use, soil sealing and promote compact 2012. Closing date: October 10, 2012. building? • Does the measure prevent harmful substances from reaching air, water and Schwerpunkt: thus also soils? Grasland & Boden • Does the measure contribute to reducing the consumption of energy (es- Die nächste Ausgabe erscheint im November pecially based on non-renewable energy sources)? 2012. Redaktionsschluss: 10. Oktober 2012. • Does the measure promote an economical use of (non-renewable) resources? • Does the measure improve the quality of housing and life, the residential environment and increase opportunities for people to identify with their municipality? The issue on hand will deal with concrete examples of municipalities in dif- ferent countries, which, based on these questions, can be assessed in terms of their impacts on the protection of soils. Editorial staff local land & soil news 2 local land & soil news no.40/41 I/12 g r e e n n e t w o r k Central Scotland Green Network (CSGN) – multifunctional landscape in national strategic planning Green space has a role in planning since the early 20th century, originally as a barrier it has developed into areas with multiple functions including conservation of biodiversity, recreation as well as more traditional economic activities like agriculture and forestry. The development of ecological and green networks in spatial planning is a recogni- tion of interconnectedness of natural and human processes in our landscapes and their ability to deliver a range of ecosystem services. These complex interactions lead to multifunctional landscapes with unique characteristics and cultural values. Dr. Inge Aalders & Jane Morrice, James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen (UK) Since the 1980s the drive for sustainability (United Green networks and their historical context Nations, 1987) has meant a change in the appreciation In planning early examples of green space, defined as of natural systems and our role within those systems. open green spaces without specific economic or ecolo- In the decades following the introduction of concept of gical importance, include London’s greenbelt (Kühn, sustainability, science and policy have gradually made 2003; Gant et al., 2011), and the Dutch Green Heart (van the transition from an emphasis on separate human and der Valk & Faludi, 1997). These were later followed by natural systems towards integrated and complex human- ecological networks (Jongman, 2004). In this historical ecological systems. This culminated in the introduction context, these types of green space illustrate the changing of ecosystem services as a concept by the Millennium role of green space in land use and land use planning, Ecosystem Assessment (2005) reflecting the change as well as our changing perception and values of these toward a holistic and systems perspective on the world green spaces. They have made an important contribution and the advances made in understanding of complex to advancing our understanding of the value of urban and human-ecological systems. peri-urban green space for human health and well-being, The Scottish Government has embraced this concept of biodiversity and economic activities. ecosystem services. It has adopted the model ecosystem At the end of the 19th century, traditional city walls were framework (Aspinall et al., 2009) as a means to address replaced by greener areas (Kühn, 2003), to control further the complex challenges it faces in relation to sustainable urban expansion and retain a separation between urban development in particular in Central Scotland, which is and rural areas. In the Netherlands in the 1930s, the use dominated by the two largest cities, Glasgow and Edin- of green space to separate different urban centres resulted burgh. The landscapes in this area are heavily marked in the Green Heart, an open area surrounded by towns physically, economically and socially by its industrial and cities (Van der Valk & Faludi, 1997). Originally the past. Once the main economic driver, heavy industry, objective was the same as that of greenbelts, but from the such as ship building, textiles, manufacturing and coal 1970s the planning priority of the Green Heart evolved mining, has largely disappeared leaving many areas in to include nature conservation, environmental protection, this region ranked bottom in the Multiple Deprivation recreation as well as agriculture and intrinsic values (Van Index. This provides a pressing demand for government der Valk and Faludi, 1997). A much debated planning to focus on sustainable development and particularly concept, the Green Heart has evolved into a multifunctio- economic growth and well-being for this area. nal open peri-urban space which, since 1998, is referred The Central Scotland Green Network (CSGN) is an re- to as a ‘National Landscape’ (Kühn, 2003), where invest- cent example of a planning instrument which, building ment in green and blue networks is used to counter the on past experience with green space, incorporates the demand for urban development. concept of ecosystem services as a means to achieve Kühn (2003) argues that both the ‘Green-Belt’ and the sustainable development for the densely populated mul- ‘Green-Heart’