DOCSLIB.ORG

When USA Was Founded)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
When USA Was Founded) 222 YEARS OF WAR - US-wars since 1776 (when USA was founded) <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< Since their inception, the United States have been at war on 222 out of 239 years. Below you will find a chronology of all the wars waged by the United States since the year of their founding, 1776. Source: Info Wars <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< 1776: The United States revolutionary war, the wars of Chickamagua, Cherokee, the Pennamite-Yankee war war 1777: War of independence of the United States, the wars of Chickamagua, Cherokee, the Pennamite-Yankee war war 1778: War of independence of the United States, the wars of Chickamagua, Cherokee, the Pennamite-Yankee war war 1779: War of independence of the United States, the wars of Chickamagua, Cherokee, the Pennamite-Yankee war war 1780: War of independence of the United States, the wars of Chickamagua, Cherokee, the Pennamite-Yankee war war 1781: War of independence of the United States, the wars of Chickamagua, Cherokee, the Pennamite-Yankee war war 1782: War of independence of the United States, the wars of Chickamagua, Cherokee, the Pennamite-Yankee war war 1783: War of independence of the United States, the wars of Chickamagua, Cherokee, the Pennamite-Yankee war war 1784: Chickamauga wars, wars of Pennamite-Yankee War, war of Oconee 1785: Chickamauga wars, the Northwest Indian war 1786: Chickamauga wars, the Northwest Indian war 1787: Chickamauga wars, the Northwest Indian war 1788: Chickamauga wars, the Northwest Indian war 1 1789: Chickamauga wars, the Northwest Indian war 1790: Chickamauga wars, the Northwest Indian war 1791: Chickamauga wars, the Northwest Indian war 1792: Chickamauga wars, the Northwest Indian war 1793: Chickamauga wars, the Northwest Indian war 1794: Chickamauga wars, the Northwest Indian war 1795: Northwest Indian war 1796: no major war 1797: no major war 1798: virtual war (between the France and the United States) 1799: virtual war (between the France and the United States) 1800: virtual war (between the France and the United States) 1801: Tripoli war 1802: Tripoli war 1803: Tripoli war 1804: Tripoli war 1805: Tripoli war 1806: Sabine Expedition 1807: no major war 1808: no major war 1809: no major war 1810: the United States occupy the West Florida under Spanish control until then 1811: the war of Tecumseh 1812: the war of 1812, the war Tecumseh, wars Seminole Wars, the United States occupy the Amelia Island under Spanish control previously, as well as other portions of the East 2 Florida 1813: the war of 1812, the war Tecumseh, Peoria war, war Creek, the United States extend their territories in Western Florida 1814: the war of 1812, war Creek, the United States extend their territories in Florida, war against pirates in the West Indies 1815: the war of 1812, the second Barbary war, war against pirates in the West Indies 1816: first seminole war, war against hackers 1817: first seminole war, war against hackers 1818: first seminole war, war against hackers 1819: Yellowstone Expedition, war against hackers 1820: Yellowstone Expedition, war against hackers 1821: war against hackers 1822: war against hackers 1823: war against hackers, war Arikara 1824: war against hackers 1825: Yellowstone Expedition, war against hackers 1826: no major war 1827: war Winnebago 1828: no major war 1829: no major war 1830: no major war 1831: Sac and Fox Indian War 1832 – Black Hawk War 1833: Cherokee Indian War 1834: Cherokee Indian War, Pawnee Indian Territory Campaign 3 1835: Cherokee Indian War, Seminole Wars, second Creek war 1836: Cherokee Indian War, Seminole Wars, war Creek, Missouri-Iowa Border War 1837: Cherokee Indian War, Seminole Wars, war Creek, Osage Indian War, Buckshot War 1838: Cherokee Indian War, seminoles, Buckshot War, Heatherly Indian War wars 1839: Cherokee Indian War, Seminole Wars 1840: wars seminoles, forces naval U.S. invade Fiji Islands 1841: wars seminoles, forces naval U.S. invade McKean Island, Gilbert Islands, and Samoa 1842: Seminole Wars 1843: U.S. forces clash with Chinese forces, US troops invade the African coast 1844: Texas-Indian Wars 1845: Texas-Indian Wars 1846 – Mexican-American war, Texas-Indian Wars 1847 – Mexican-American war, Texas-Indian Wars 1848 – Mexican-American war, Texas-Indian Wars, Cayuse war 1849: Texas-Indian Wars, Cayuse war, wars of the Indian Southwest, Navajo, skirmish wars between the first cavalry and Indians 1850: Texas-Indian Wars, Cayuse war, wars of the Indian Southwest, Navajo wars, war Yuma, California Indian Wars, Pitt River Expedition 1851: Texas-Indian Wars, Cayuse war, Southwest Indian wars, wars Navajo, Apache wars, war Yuma, Utah Indian Wars, California Indian Wars 1852: Texas-Indian Wars, Cayuse war, wars of the Indian Southwest, Navajo wars, war Yuma, Utah Indian Wars, California Indian Wars 1853: Texas-Indian Wars, Cayuse war, wars of the Indian Southwest, Navajo wars, war Yuma, war Walker, Utah Indian Wars, California Indian Wars 1854: Texas-Indian Wars, Cayuse war, wars of the Indian Southwest, Navajo wars, wars Apache, California Indian Wars, skirmish between the first cavalry and Indians 1855: Seminole Wars, Texas-Indian Wars, Cayuse war, wars of the Indian Southwest, wars Navajo war Apache, California Indian Wars, Yakima War, Winnas Expedition, Klickitat War, 4 Puget Sound War, Rogue River Wars, forces us invade the Fiji Islands and the Uruguay 1856: Seminole Wars, Texas-Indian Wars, the Southwest Indian wars, wars Navajo, California Indian Wars, Puget Sound War, Rogue River Wars, Tintic War 1857: Seminole Wars, Texas-Indian Wars, Southwest Indian Wars, wars Navajo, California Indian Wars, Utah War, conflict in the Nicaragua 1858: Seminole Wars, Texas-Indian Wars, wars of the Indian Southwest, wars Navajo, Mohave War, California Indian Wars, of Spokane-Coeur d'Alene-Paloos War, Utah War, forces us invade the Fiji Islands and the Uruguay 1859: Texas-Indian Wars, the Southwest Indian wars, wars Navajo, California Indian Wars, Pecos Expedition, Antelope Hills Expedition, Bear River Expedition, John Brown's raid, forces us launch an attack against the Paraguay and invade the Mexico 1860: Texas-Indian Wars, wars of the Indian Southwest, Navajo wars, wars Apache, California Indian Wars, Paiute War, Kiowa-Comanche War 1861: American civil war, Texas-Indian Wars, Southwest Indian Wars, wars Navajo, Apache, California Indian Wars, Cheyenne Campaign wars 1862: war civil American, Texas-Indian Wars, Southwest Indian Wars, Navajo wars, wars Apache, California Indian Wars, Cheyenne Campaign, Dakota War of 1862 1863: war civil American, Texas-Indian Wars, Southwest Indian Wars, Navajo wars, wars Apache, California Indian Wars, Cheyenne Campaign, Colorado War, Goshute War 1864 – American civil war, Texas-Indian Wars, Navajo Wars, wars Apache, California Indian Wars, Cheyenne Campaign, Colorado War, Snake War 1865: American civil war, Texas-Indian Wars, Navajo wars, wars Apache, California Indian Wars, Colorado War, Snake War, Utah's Black Hawk War 1866: Texas-Indian Wars, wars Navajo, Apache, California Indian Wars wars, skirmish between the first cavalry and Indians, Snake War, Utah's Black Hawk War, Red Cloud's War, Franklin County War, the United States invaded the Mexico and come into conflict with China 1867: Texas-Indian Wars, Long Walk of the Navajo, Apache, Skirmish between wars 1 st Cavalry and Indians, Snake War, Utah's Black Hawk War, Red Cloud's War, Comanche Wars, Franklin County War, American troops occupy the Nicaragua and attack Taiwan 1868: Texas-Indian Wars, Long Walk of the Navajo, Apache wars, skirmish between the first cavalry and the Indians, Snake War, Utah's Black Hawk War, Red Cloud's War, Comanche Wars, Battle of Washita River, Franklin County War 1869: Texas-Indian Wars, wars Apache, skirmish between the first cavalry and the 5 Indians, Utah's Black Hawk War, Comanche Wars, Franklin County War 1870: Texas-Indian Wars, wars Apache, skirmish between the first cavalry and the Indians, Utah's Black Hawk War, Comanche Wars, Franklin County War 1871: Texas-Indian Wars, wars Apache, skirmish between the first cavalry and Indians, Utah's Black Hawk War, Comanche Wars, Franklin County War, Kingsley Cave Massacre, the United States invade the Korea 1872: Texas-Indian Wars, wars Apache, Utah's Black Hawk War, Comanche Wars, Modoc War, Franklin County War 1873: Texas-Indian Wars, Comanche Wars, Modoc War, wars Apache, Cypress Hills Massacre, the United States invaded the Mexico 1874: Texas-Indian Wars, Comanche Wars, Red River War, Mason County War, the United States invaded the Mexico 1875: conflict with the Mexico, Texas-Indian Wars, Comanche Wars, Eastern Nevada, Mason County War, Colfax County War, the United States invaded the Mexico 1876: Texas-Indian Wars, Black Hills War, Mason County War, the United States invaded the Mexico 1877: Texas-Indian Wars, skirmish between the first cavalry and Indians, Black Hills War, nose piercing War, Mason County War, Lincoln County War, San Elizario Salt War, the United States invaded the Mexico 1878: Paiute Indian conflict, Bannock War, Cheyenne War, Lincoln County War, the United States invaded the Mexico 1879: Cheyenne War, Sheepeater Indian War, White River War, the United States invaded the Mexico 1880: the United States invade the Mexico 1881: the United States invade the Mexico 1882: the United States invade the Mexico 1883: the United States invade the Mexico 1884: the United States invade the Mexico 1885: wars Apache, Eastern Nevada shipping, the United States invaded the Mexico 1886:
Load more

Recommended publications
  • "Mari Sandoz, Custer, and the Indian Wars"
    Summer 2016 Issue "Mari Sandoz, Custer, and the Indian Wars" “Mari Sandoz, Custer, and the Indian Wars” is the theme of the 2016 Pilster Lecture on October 13 at the Chadron State College Student Center. Paul Andrew Hutton, Distinguished Professor of History at the University of New Mexico is the guest speaker for this annual event sponsored by the Mari Sandoz Heritage Society and supported by the Esther and Raleigh Pilster Endowment. The mission of the lecture series is to bring speakers of national renown to the Chadron State College campus for the benefit of the college and residents of the high plains of Western Nebraska. The 7:30 pm MT lecture is free to the public. A reception and book signing will be held following the lecture at the CSC Student Center. Hutton has published widely in both scholarly and popular magazines, and is a five‐time winner of the Western Writers of America Spur Award and six‐time winner of the Western Heritage Award from the National Cowboy and Western Heritage Museum for his print and film writing. His Phil Sheridan and His Army (1985) received the Billington Prize from the Organization of American Historians, the Evans Biography Award, and the Spur Award from the Western Writers of America. He is also the editor of Western Heritage (2011), Roundup (2010), Frontier and Region (1997), The Custer Reader (1992), Soldiers West (1987), and the ten‐volume Eyewitness to the Civil War series from Bantam Books (1991‐1993). From 1977 to 1984 he was associate editor of the Western Historical Quarterly, from 1985 to 1991 was editor of the New Mexico Historical Review, and from 1990‐2006 served as Executive Director of the Western History Association.
    [Show full text]
  • Ranching Catalogue 
    Catalogue Ten –Part Four THE RANCHING CATALOGUE VOLUME TWO D-G Dorothy Sloan – Rare Books box 4825 ◆ austin, texas 78765-4825 Dorothy Sloan-Rare Books, Inc. Box 4825, Austin, Texas 78765-4825 Phone: (512) 477-8442 Fax: (512) 477-8602 Email: [email protected] www.sloanrarebooks.com All items are guaranteed to be in the described condition, authentic, and of clear title, and may be returned within two weeks for any reason. Purchases are shipped at custom- er’s expense. New customers are asked to provide payment with order, or to supply appropriate references. Institutions may receive deferred billing upon request. Residents of Texas will be charged appropriate state sales tax. Texas dealers must have a tax certificate on file. Catalogue edited by Dorothy Sloan and Jasmine Star Catalogue preparation assisted by Christine Gilbert, Manola de la Madrid (of the Autry Museum of Western Heritage), Peter L. Oliver, Aaron Russell, Anthony V. Sloan, Jason Star, Skye Thomsen & many others Typesetting by Aaron Russell Offset lithography by David Holman at Wind River Press Letterpress cover and book design by Bradley Hutchinson at Digital Letterpress Photography by Peter Oliver and Third Eye Photography INTRODUCTION here is a general belief that trail driving of cattle over long distances to market had its Tstart in Texas of post-Civil War days, when Tejanos were long on longhorns and short on cash, except for the worthless Confederate article. Like so many well-entrenched, traditional as- sumptions, this one is unwarranted. J. Evetts Haley, in editing one of the extremely rare accounts of the cattle drives to Califor- nia which preceded the Texas-to-Kansas experiment by a decade and a half, slapped the blame for this misunderstanding squarely on the writings of Emerson Hough.
    [Show full text]
  • The 239 Year Timeline of America's Involvement in Military Conflict
    The 239 Year Timeline Of America’s Involvement in Military Conflict By Isaac Davis Region: USA Global Research, December 20, 2015 Theme: History, US NATO War Agenda Activist Post 18 December 2015 I should welcome almost any war, for I think this country needs one. – President Theodore Roosevelt The American public and the world have long since been warned of the dangers of allowing the military industrial complex to become such an integral part of our economic survival. The United States is the self-proclaimed angel of democracy in the world, but just as George Orwell warned, war is the health of the state, and in the language of newspeak, democracy is the term we use to hide the reality of the nature of our warfare state. In truth, the United States of America has been engaged in some kind of war during 218 out of the nation’s total 239 years of existence. Put another way, in the entire span of US history, this country has only experienced 21 years without conflict. For a sense of perspective on this sobering statistic, consider these4 facts about the history of US involvement in military conflict: Pick any year since 1776 and there is about a 91% chance that America was involved in some war during that calendar year. No U.S. president truly qualifies as a peacetime president. Instead, all U.S. presidents can technically be considered “war presidents.” The U.S. has never gone a decade without war. The only time the U.S. went five years without war (1935-40) was during the isolationist period of the Great Depression.
    [Show full text]
  • United States Army Scouts: the Southwestern
    3-/71 UNITED STATES ARMY SCOUTS: THE SOUTHWESTERN EXPERIENCE, 1866-1890 THESIS Presented to the Graduate Council of the North Texas State University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS By Carol Conley Nance, B. A. Denton, Texas May, 1975 Nance, Carol Conley, United States Army Scouts: The Southwestern Experience, 1866-1890. Master of Arts (History), May, 1975, 156 pp., 4 maps, bibliography, 107 titles. In the post-Civil War Southwest, the United States Army utilized civilians and Indians as scouts. As the mainstay of the reconnaissance force, enlisted Indians excelled as trackers, guides, and fighters. General George Crook became the foremost advocate of this service. A little-known aspect of the era was the international controversy created by the activities of native trackers under the 1882 recipro- cal hot pursuit agreement between Mexico and the United States. Providing valuable information on Army scouts are numerous government records which include the Annual Report of the Secretary of War from 1866 to 1896 and Foreign Relations of the United States for 1883 and 1886. Memoirs, biographies, and articles in regional and national histori- cal journals supplement government documents. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF MAPS . iv Chapter I. THE SOUTHWEST: CONVENTIONAL ARMY, UNCONVENTIONAL ENEMY 17 II. ARMY SCOUTS: CIVILIANS ON THE TRAIL . 2.17 III. ARMY SCOUTS: SET AN INDIAN TO CATCH AN INDIAN ..................... - - - - 28 IV. GENERAL GEORGE CROOK: UNCONVENTIONAL SOLDIER ........................ - -0 -0 -0 .0 68 V. INDIAN SCOUTS: AN INTERNATIONAL CONTROVERSY .......... *........ .100 VI. ARMY SCOUTS: SOME OBSERVATIONS .. o. 142 BIBLIOGRAPHY, . ...........-.-.-. .148 iii LIST OF MAPS Map Following Page 1.
    [Show full text]
  • In the Land of the Mountain Gods: Ethnotrauma and Exile Among the Apaches of the American Southwest
    Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal Volume 10 Issue 1 Article 6 6-3-2016 In the Land of the Mountain Gods: Ethnotrauma and Exile among the Apaches of the American Southwest M. Grace Hunt Watkinson Arizona State University at the Tempe Campus Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/gsp Recommended Citation Hunt Watkinson, M. Grace (2016) "In the Land of the Mountain Gods: Ethnotrauma and Exile among the Apaches of the American Southwest," Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal: Vol. 10: Iss. 1: 30-43. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5038/1911-9933.10.1.1279 Available at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/gsp/vol10/iss1/6 This Symposium: Genocide Studies, Colonization, and Indigenous Peoples is brought to you for free and open access by the Open Access Journals at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal by an authorized editor of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. In the Land of the Mountain Gods: Ethnotrauma and Exile Among the Apaches of the American Southwest M. Grace Hunt Watkinson Arizona State University Tempe, AZ, USA Abstract: In the mid to late nineteenth century, two Indigenous groups of New Mexico territory, the Mescalero and the Chiricahua Apaches, faced violence, imprisonment, and exile. During a century of settler influx, territorial changeovers, vigilante violence, and Indian removal, these two cousin tribes withstood an experience beyond individual pain best described as ethnotrauma. Rooted in racial persecution and mass violence, this ethnotrauma possessed layers of traumatic reaction that not only revolved around their ethnicity, but around their relationship with their home lands as well.
    [Show full text]
  • U.S. Army Military History Institute Indian Wars-Southwest 950 Soldiers Drive Carlisle Barracks, PA 17013-5021 16 Dec 2011
    U.S. Army Military History Institute Indian Wars-Southwest 950 Soldiers Drive Carlisle Barracks, PA 17013-5021 16 Dec 2011 APACHE WARS A Working Bibliography of MHI Sources CONTENTS General Sources.....p.1 Pre-1861.....p.3 Apache Pass (Feb 1861).....p.4 Mimbres Apaches.....p.4 1860s - (Cochise, Mangas).....p.5 1870-75 (Reservation Roundup).....p.5 1876-86 (Geronimo).....p.6 Prisoners in the East.....p.10 GENERAL/MISCELLANEOUS Altshuler, Constance W. Chains of Command: Arizona and the Army, 1856-1875. Tucson, AZ: AZ Historical Society, 1981. 280 p. UA26.A7.A45. Baldwin, Gordon C. The Warrior Apaches: A Story of the Chiricahua and Western Apache. Tucson, AZ: King, 1965. 144 p. E99.A6.B15. Barnes, William C. Apaches and Longhorns. Los Angeles: Ward Ritchie, 1941. F811.B27. Bell, William G. “Field Commander vs. Washington Negotiator in Apacheland.” Army (Feb 2001): pp. 68-70, 72 & 74. Per. Colwell-Chanthaphonh, Chip. (John S.). Massacre at Camp Grant: Forgetting and Remembering Apache History. Tucson, AZ: U AZ, 2007. 159 p. E99.A6.C66. Cornell, Charles T. "Apache, Past and Present." Tucson Citizen (May/Jul 1921). Order of the Indian Wars Coll-File-A-4-Arch. Cozzens, Peter, editor. Eyewitnesses to the Indian Wars, 1865-1890. Vol. 1: The Struggle for Apacheria. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole, 2001. E81.E94. Cruse, Thomas. Apache Days and After. Caldwell, ID: Caxton, 1941. E83.866.C95. Apache Wars p.2 Gaston, J.A. "Cavalry Officer on the Frontier." Typescript carbon, Wash, DC, Dec 1935. 19 p. Order of the Indian Wars Coll-File-G-10-Arch.
    [Show full text]
  • Txu-Oclc-50781938.Pdf (12.54Mb)
    Geology, Frontier History, andSelected Wineries ofthe HillCountry Appellation, Central Texas QE 168 by H55 R67 R. Rose Woodruff, 1999 Peter and CM. Jr. GEOL AGS Guidebook 25 Geology, Frontier History, and Selected Wineries of the Hill Country Appellation, Central Texas Peter R.Rose and Charles M. Woodruff, Jr. April 23, 2005 UNMERSrfYOFTEXAS "The sun, withall those planets revolving arounditanddependent on it,can still ripen a bunch ofgrapes as if it had nothing else in theuniverseto do." Galileo II Foreword This field trip has predecessors thatdate back to 1992. Atthattime a trip wasled for the Austin Chapterofthe Society of Independent ProfessionalEarth Scientists (SIPES), the first field trip to explore the common ground between geology and winein Central Texas. The accompanying guidebook (Rose and Woodruff, 1992) gave special attention to historical sites and events along the route. Similar trips were run for the 1994 meeting of the Gulf Coast Association of Geologic Societies, and in 1997 for the 34th Annual Meeting of SIPES; the guidebooks produced were variations of the 1992 version (Rose and Woodruff, 1994;1997). In 1998, Austin Geological Society sponsored another in this series of field trips, but this excursion visited a different set of wineries, and the guidebook gave greater emphasis to geology and less on history while retaining key papers from the previous volumes (Woodruff andothers, 1998). A similartrip for GCAGS in 2002reverted to the 1997 route. Today's trip, and the accompanying guidebook represents a combination of these various previous works, and the wineriesvisitedinclude aselection from thesitesvisited during the previous field trips. The guidebook is arranged in the following way: After a series of short topical papers, a road log presents the route taken and various geologic, geographic, and historicalnotes along the way.
    [Show full text]
  • Ezrasarchives2015 Article2.Pdf (514.9Kb)
    Ezra’s Archives | 27 From Warfare to World Fair: The Ideological Commodification of Geronimo in the Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth-Century United States Kai Parmenter A Brief History: Geronimo and the Chiricahua Apaches Of all the Native American groups caught in the physical and ideological appropriations of expansionist-minded Anglo-Americans in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, the Apache are often framed by historiographical and visual sources as distinct from their neighboring bands and tribes.1 Unlike their Arizona contemporaries the Navajo and the Hopi, who were ultimately relegated to mythical status as domesticated savage and artistic curiosity, the Apache have been primarily defined by their resistance to Anglo-American subjugation in what came to be known as the Apache Wars. This conflict between the Apache bands of southeastern Arizona and northern Mexico—notably the Chiricahua, the primary focus of this study—and the United States Army is loosely defined as the period between the conclusion of the Mexican-American War in 1848 and the final surrender of Geronimo and Naiche to General Nelson A. Miles in September 1886. Historian Frederick W. Turner, who published a revised and annotated edition of Geronimo’s 1906 oral autobiography, 1 The terms “Anglo-American,” “Euro-American” and “white American” are used interchangeably throughout the piece as a means of avoiding the monotony of repetitious diction. The same may be applied to Geronimo, herein occasionally referred to as “infamous Chiricahua,” “Bedonkohe leader,” etc. 28 | The Ideological Commodification of Geronimo in the Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth-Century United States notes that early contact between the Chiricahua and white Americans was at that point friendly, “probably because neither represented a threat to the other.”2 Yet the United States’ sizable land acquisitions following the Mexican-American War, coupled with President James K.
    [Show full text]
  • Indian Wars in Arizona Territory
    Indian Wars in Arizona Territory The stage line brought many more whites through the Pima villages, but the Civil War had an even greater effect. Far from the center stage, the major impact of the war in Arizona slowed the pace of white settlement. When the army abandoned their posts throughout the state in order to send soldiers east, Apaches raids increased. Although Arizona’s contributions to the national conflict were minimal, the Pimas and Maricopas played a key role in the western war. While the Pimas and Maricopas continued to augment their economic alliance with the whites, they also expanded the other valuable service they had provided since the days of the Spaniards— protection from the Apaches. One of the first accounts of an American/Indian military alliance is recounted in the Pima calendar sticks which relate that the Pimas and Maricopas joined with white soldiers in a campaign against the Apaches under White Hat, in 1856 or 1857. As long as whites were just passing through, the protection Gileños (Pimas and Maricopas) provided for their supply trains was sufficient. Pimas and Maricopas fulfilled this need with regular punitive raids against the Apaches several times a year, keeping them away from Pima lands but stopping short of attacking their enemies' mountain rancherías (farm/camps). As the white population increased, so did Apache raids. When gold was discovered in the Weaver and Walker diggings near Prescott, miners flocking to the area found themselves much closer to Apache homelands than was prudent. By the spring of 1863, the Apaches had attacked and murdered several small parties of prospectors and miners.
    [Show full text]
  • Fort Yuma Coordinates: 32.7317135°N 114.6155078°W from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
    Page 1 of 3 Fort Yuma Coordinates: 32.7317135°N 114.6155078°W From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Fort Yuma is a fort in California that is located in Imperial County, across the Colorado River from Yuma, Arizona. It Fort Yuma was on the Butterfield Overland Mail route from 1858 until Part of Department of the West 1861 and was abandoned May 16, 1883, and transferred to the Department of the Interior. The Fort Yuma Indian Imperial County, California, USA School and a mission now occupy the site. It is one of the "associated sites" listed as Yuma Crossing and Associated Sites on the National Register of Historic Places in the Yuma Crossing National Heritage Area. Contents ■ 1 History ■ 1.1 Pre-Civil War ■ 1.2 Civil War ■ 1.3 Post-Civil War Fort Yuma in 1875. ■ 2 Present day Type Outpost ■ 3 References Coordinates 32.7317135°N 114.6155078°W Built 1851 History Built by United States Army Construction Adobe, Wood Pre-Civil War materials In use 1851-1883 First established after the end of the Mexican-American War (1848), the fort was originally located in the bottoms near Current Restored the Colorado River, less than a mile below the mouth of the condition Gila River. It was constructed to defend the newly settled Current Federal government of the United community of Yuma, New Mexico Territory, located on the owner States other side of the Colorado River, and the nearby Mexican border. Open to Yes the public In March 1851 the post was moved to a small elevation on Controlled by Bureau of Indian Affairs the Colorado's west bank.
    [Show full text]
  • Bibliographies of Northern and Central California Indians. Volume 3--General Bibliography
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 370 605 IR 055 088 AUTHOR Brandt, Randal S.; Davis-Kimball, Jeannine TITLE Bibliographies of Northern and Central California Indians. Volume 3--General Bibliography. INSTITUTION California State Library, Sacramento.; California Univ., Berkeley. California Indian Library Collections. St'ONS AGENCY Office of Educational Research and Improvement (ED), Washington, DC. Office of Library Programs. REPORT NO ISBN-0-929722-78-7 PUB DATE 94 NOTE 251p.; For related documents, see ED 368 353-355 and IR 055 086-087. AVAILABLE FROMCalifornia State Library Foundation, 1225 8th Street, Suite 345, Sacramento, CA 95814 (softcover, ISBN-0-929722-79-5: $35 per volume, $95 for set of 3 volumes; hardcover, ISBN-0-929722-78-7: $140 for set of 3 volumes). PUB TYPE Reference Materials Bibliographies (131) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC11 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS American Indian History; *American Indians; Annotated Bibliographies; Films; *Library Collections; Maps; Photographs; Public Libraries; *Resource Materials; State Libraries; State Programs IDENTIFIERS *California; Unpublished Materials ABSTRACT This document is the third of a three-volume set made up of bibliographic citations to published texts, unpublished manuscripts, photographs, sound recordings, motion pictures, and maps concerning Native American tribal groups that inhabit, or have traditionally inhabited, northern and central California. This volume comprises the general bibliography, which contains over 3,600 entries encompassing all materials in the tribal bibliographies which make up the first two volumes, materials not specific to any one tribal group, and supplemental materials concerning southern California native peoples. (MES) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Tombstone: Bawdy and Rowdy, Tender and Tough
    PART I Tombstone: Bawdy and Rowdy, Tender and Tough tat1e01.indd 45 1/2/2015 3:26:07 PM tat1e01.indd 46 1/2/2015 3:26:07 PM Principal Tombstone Characters The Miners Charles DeBrille Poston Edward “Ed” Schieffelen The Cattleman Henry C. Hooker The Cowboys (Rustlers) William “Billy the Kid” Claiborne Newman H. “Old Man” Clanton Phineas “Phin” Clanton Joseph Isaac “Ike” Clanton William “Billy” Clanton “Old Man” Hughes Jim Hughes Robert Findley “Frank” McLaury Thomas Clark “Tom” McLaury William R. “Will” McLaury John Ringo Curly Bill Brocius The Earp “Gang” Wyatt Earp Virgil Earp Morgan Earp John Henry “Doc” Holliday 47 tat1e01.indd 47 1/2/2015 3:26:07 PM 48 ARIZONA GUNFIGHTERS The Earp Partisans John Clum, mayor, editor, Tombstone Epitaph Fred Dodge, Wells Fargo undercover agent Marshall Williams, Wells Fargo resident agent George Parsons, gentleman miner The Gamblers James, Virgil, Warren, Wyatt, and Morgan Earp Doc Holliday Bat Masterson Luke Short Charlie Storms Buckskin Frank Leslie The Earp Wives and Courtesans Alvira Packingham Sullivan “Allie” Earp, wife of Virgil Earp Nellie Bartlett Ketcham “Bessie” Earp, wife of James Earp Celia Ann Blaylock “Mattie” Earp, wife of Wyatt Earp Josephine Sarah Marcus “Josie” (“Sadie”) Behan Earp, paramour of John Behan and Wyatt Earp Louisa Houston Earp, wife of Morgan Earp Mary Katherine Harony “Big-Nosed Kate Elder,” paramour of Doc Holliday The Suspected Stage Robbers Frank Stilwell Jim Crane Billy Grounds Curly Bill Brocius Doc Holliday Zwing Hunt The “County Ring” John Behan, sheriff of Cochise County John Dunbar, stable keeper tat1e01.indd 48 1/2/2015 3:26:07 PM Principal Tombstone Characters 49 Milton Joyce, saloon keeper Harry Woods, publisher, Tombstone Nugget The Townsmen George Goodfellow, surgeon Milton Joyce, saloon keeper William M.
    [Show full text]