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"TURKISH SOCIALISM" of the Yon GROUP and the SOCIETY of SOCIALIST CULTURE

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I CHAPTER FIVE "TURKISH SOCIALISM" OF THE Yon GROUP AND THE SOCIETY OF SOCIALIST CULTURE In December 1961 a group of leftist Turkish intellectuals began publication of a social and political daily newspaper called Yon (Direction). Its chief editor was Dogan Avc10glu, a well-known economist and journalist. A group of intellectuals formed around the paper composed of academics, journalists, people active in the arts, civil servants, teachers and doctors. For all the variety of ideological and political views represented by this group, all its members were of one accord: that Turkey could not overcome its social and economic backwardness by developing along the capitalist path. The founders of Yon held that only socialism could solve the problems before the country. The paper adhered to three tenets: that rapid economic development was possible only on the basis of social justice; that owing to the rapacious nature of development in the private sector and its thirst for superprofits, private enterprise could not guarantee rapid advance in the national economy; and that the power of foreign capital and the dependence of Turkey on the West had disastrous consequences for the country. In its first issue (20 December 1961) Yon published a Statement, endorsed by 150 Turkish intellectuals, presenting their outlook on the social and economic development of the country. In their opinion, Turkey's economic policy had to be based not on production by private capital but on 11 a new progressive type of statism" and planning, and on cooperatio� .1 between the state and the private sectors, the leading role being that of the ' state. Although the term "new progressive type of statism" was not defined, it was clear from the Statement that it meant a planned, socialist-oriented economy. The authors indicated that the state sector must become the dominant force in the economy, while the private sector would operate under the strict control of the state. They believed it necessary, for the sake of social justice, to carry out agrarian and tax reform. As their model they took the mixed economy with the predominance of the state and cooperative 86 CHAPTER FIVE TURKISH SOCIALISM I OF THE II Yon" GROUP , 87 o m to e sectors. s ciali th views he d e ad � l by th K ro group in the 1930s ore o as o ev e ed e eme s se e t a s or (123, p. 179). ,.F ign p licy w n t r i w in th Stat nt, but �n ub qu nt Wi hin_ h t time br es o e anch f th SSC ope ed s l a s e s ure a n in I tanbu , I art c s Yon, s s atories adopted an nti-We t rn po t ; they Diy· r baku a d ot er es zrnu, i le in it ign n h . citi . �_!965 mem e s e b r hip of th o e as a o t c ed r e s coo e a o a d e dema ded e ve t o sa d S ci ty w b u r Tu k y' p r ti n with NATO n th USA, n _th � h u n (by com ar so mem ers c iti iz 1 p i n, o e b hip f th TLP d d r ed e eed e in 1966-1970 emov o e m ar ases o s so a d x o sa d e o i not r al f for ign- ilit y b n Turki h il, n u g that Turk y join e t n th u n ). Th e s t e o a at � S ci ty e th pr p o ur s so a o re e s ts m g ion f T ki h t o ed moveme t o e a eme d o a o ed to ci lism he n n-align n . Alth ugh th St t nt di n t p s nt a ain g al nd h p e e t e o d � pr par h gr un t e es l s me o r demo ra a o soc .s a for h tab i h a ter o c ss es de t o e o e eed e iali t t a la m nt f in nal p li y i u in tail, i sp k f th n fo c tiz ti n in th t p r y wi h p tfor ased o s de b n thi i o e se e o a e deo o o ever as ol gy. Th SSC it o tr e ta e e o e as c i l h w , w ot o t art lf c un y. Th S t m nt f th 150 w in fa t th rigin of n w gical _ n a p li ical p a d eac mem er y n h b could e o o a so sm 11 o eve d d o ass e t e s b l ng t n; moveme c ed r s r; i n t um par y h wi ed e act v t es nt all "Tu ki h ciali , which, h w: h . T.li i i t e et er i of h Soci y w e co d o o s e s a o s e d ere d a t mes eve os a t o o nfine t th s t nt an , t i , n opp ing ' org niz i n ect es o v s di tinc utline . Th ign t rie h l diff � f l ur n ariou as e ts o e soc p c f th io-polit deo o ca a d o c v e s o e e t e s e s c st a o c develo me t o ical an: i l gi l n p liti al i w . T g th r wi h l fti t writ r , publi i s nd econ rru p n r e e o a f Tu k y, th pr p gatio o e dea o e evde d a m so sm n f th i f Turk' oe s as e r e a M h t ciali a o d e a es IS h p ts uch K mal Tahi , Q tin Alt n, M lih C t An ay, u ' , nd h 1 ing d b t re ese ta ves with pr n ti d e e ol t al e meclis o e e ces of iff r nt p i ic Makal and Fakir Baykurt, were members of th n th l ft of the for . e e eo es a r e d o e o e leade R publican P pl ' P rty (RPP) including Tu an Giin � an C �kun Kuca, S v ral f th TLP s e e a r , B hic Bor n a d r o a a a . e ato r .1cular o n E d gv n B Yr� a d rme mem ers omm ee r a o pa , osed e es a s me m n fo r b of the C itt fo N ti nal. Unity (CNU), S n r � pp th t bli h o t e e nt f h SSC. Th m ed t at e a s e oc1et o y aintain h a a am e s o t e e e e y d re e a s amo th S rni Kiic;iik, Suphi K r an, and V hbi Er ii. Am ng h int ll ctu l w r � w ul c at plit s c s s o ng o iali t , b th or a a o d s as e ad e a e l 1c. g niz ti nally an o sts o e o ar sm e sm 1d g ally e re om t v s ciali cl s t M xi -L nini uch Q tin Altan, S un Ar n nd 1 � . Th p d inan e t e eaders � i w in h TLP l hip as t a et a o r at reas ad o ed e s e s ose ose t a s o a at o w hat ny F hi N ci wh fo th on h j in th TLP, a w ll a th cl o sbci h t rg niz i n no a ed o e o t b s n th w rking a s o d ev ta . to cl s w ul in i t ester soc a emo ac s as o a v m a s a se ta a o bly urn W n i l-d cr y uch D g n A c10glu, Mii t z Soy al, �d m a c ri n group e le t s ose a f int l c ual wh v ould a o t o e cti ity w m un o o ev re a dem r ere ere so a omm st o r eo r e romo o o t n � ket Sii yy Ay i . Th w al nti-c uni b u g is � than th p ti n so st s o a s or f ciali l g n a e o e a rt leaders .
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