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Social Cohesion, Reconciliation Policies and Public Budgeting 1 Social Cohesion, Reconciliation Policies and Public Budgeting 2 Social Cohesion, Reconciliation Policies and Public Budgeting SOCIAL COHESION, RECONCILIATION POLICIES AND PUBLIC BUDGETING A Gender Approach International Experts Meeting October 24-26, 2005 Mexico City COORDINATION Luis Mora Regional Adviser in Gender and Masculinities Country Support Team for Latin America and the Caribbean (CST) UNFPA Maria Jose Moreno Ruiz Coordinator Project Fiscal Policy with Focus on Gender in Latin America and the Caribbean GTZ Tania Rohrer Project Adviser Project Fiscal Policy with Focus on Gender in Latin America and the Caribbean GTZ United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) Country Support Team for Latin America and the Caribbean German Technical Cooperation (GTZ) Project Pro-Gender Equity Fiscal Policy in Latin America and the Caribbean 3 Social Cohesion, Reconciliation Policies and Public Budgeting 4 Social Cohesion, Reconciliation Policies and Public Budgeting CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 7 PRESENTATION 11 Patricia Espinosa 11 President National Women’s Institute (INMUJERES) Mexico Marisela Padron Director 15 Latin America and Caribbean Division United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) Edgar von Knebel Regional Director for Central America, Mexico and the Caribbean 19 German Technical Cooperation (GTZ) Rebeca Grynspan Regional Director for Mexico and Central America 23 Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) SESSION 1:THE CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK REGARDING THE RECONCILIATION OF THE PRODUCTIVE AND REPRODUCTIVE SPHERES 27 Reconciliation Policies: Conceptualization and Trends Judith Astelarra 29 The Future of Work in Europe: Dependent Care María-Ángeles Durán 39 Productive/Reproductive work, Poverty and Reconciliation Policies in Latin America: Conceptual and Practical Considerations Lourdes Benería 73 The impact of Fiscal Policy on Gender Equality, the Tax Structure, Expenditure and Income in Europe Paloma de Villota 87 Childcare and Gender Budgets: Public Policies and Outcomes in Canada and Beyond Susan Prentice 107 SESSION 2: GENDER, FAMILY AND THE LABOR MARKET IN LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN 115 Domestic Structures, Family Cycles and Informal Networks for the Reconciliation of the Productive and Reproductive Spheres Mercedes González de la Rocha 117 Gender and Family-Work Reconciliation: Labor Legislation and Male Subjectivities in Latin America Eleonor Faur 127 5 Social Cohesion, Reconciliation Policies and Public Budgeting Politics, Reproduction and the Family: Some Elements of the Feminist Debate Marta Lamas 151 The Demographic Transition in Latin America: Impact and Challenges from Work and Reproduction Cristina Gomes 159 SESSION 3: RECONCILIATION POLICIES: GLOBAL PERSPECTIVES 175 Work-Life Balance Policies in OECD countries Willem Adema 177 Reconciliation between Productive and Reproductive Works. ILO Best Practices Naomi Cassirer 185 Health Sector Reform, Care and Reconciliation Pat Armstrong 191 ¿How can we make the feminization of poverty more policy-relevant? Towards a “feminization of responsibility and obligation”? Sylvia Chant 197 SESSION 4: RECONCILIATION POLICIES: SECTORAL PERSPECTIVES 229 Sexual and Reproductive Rights and Care in the Framework of Reconciliation Policies María Cristina Grela 231 Unpaid Care Work and Social Protection Systems in Latin America Flavia Marco 237 Reconciliation, Public Budgets and Reproductive Health: The Case of Maternal Mortality Daniela Díaz Echeverría 245 SESSION 5: GENDER, RECONCILIATION POLICIES AND PUBLIC BUDGETING 255 Gender, Reconciliation Policies and Public Budget: An Approach to Latin America and the Caribbean Rosalía Camacho y Juliana Martínez 257 6 Social Cohesion, Reconciliation Policies and Public Budgeting ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The International Experts Meeting on Social Cohesion, Reconciliation Policies and Public Budgeting: A Gender Approach, held in Mexico City from October 24 to 26, 2005, was a fruitful event as a result of a series of factors, such as the participation and involvement of professionals from different spheres of social, economic and gender policies, the coordination and collaboration of national institutions and international organizations, and the economic and logistic effort required to gather experienced experts in this field. We wish to thank to the panelists and guests, who shared their valuable knowledge and experiences during this event, particularly those traveling to Mexico from other countries. We also wish to thank the representatives of ECLAC, ILO, UNIFEM, INSTRAW, the European Commission in Mexico, AECI, the Kellogg Foundation and INMUJERES for their participation and support to this initiative. Finally, we would like to give special recognition to a group of individuals from the two organizing institutions, who devoted their efforts to the organization of this event: UNFPA Country Support Team for Latin America and the Caribbean (CST) and UNFPA Klatin America and Caribbean Division (LACD), as well as the German Technical Cooperation Team (GTZ) in Mexico, particularly the project Pro-Gender Equity Fiscal Policy in Latin America and the Caribbean. 7 Social Cohesion, Reconciliation Policies and Public Budgeting 8 Social Cohesion, Reconciliation Policies and Public Budgeting INTRODUCTION Within the framework of the Cooperation Agreement between the Technical Support Team (EAT, initials in Spanish) of the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) and the German Technical Cooperation’s (GTZ) Regional Project “Fiscal Policy with Focus on Gender in Latin America and the Caribbean”, different activities have been developed in the last two years focused on promoting a greater understanding of the relationships between democratic governability, gender equality, reproductive rights and public budgets, placing special emphasis on providing visibility to the discussions between social cohesion, gender equality and public budgets, both in relation to the construction of a theoretical-conceptual framework and to the identification of its implications for the public policies of the region. Among the main results of these joint actions, the creation of a web page about Gender Equality Budgets in Latin America and the Caribbean (www.presupuestoygenero.net) stands out, the objective of which is to create a platform of regional knowledge that allows the exchange of experiences between the different players involved in this issue, particularly governments, civil and women's organizations, academia and international cooperation agencies. Without a doubt, this systematization and dissemination of the various public budget and gender initiatives constitutes an important contribution to the political discussion processes and the influence on public policy. Within the specific sphere of rights and sexual and reproductive health, this platform of knowledge developed jointly by GTZ and UNFPA brings together projects that have alrea dy had an impact on budgetary assignment by national parliaments, health ministries and local authorities for the acquisition of reproductive health supplies, the creation of emergency obstetric services and the exemption of taxes from reproductive medical health examinations of teenage women. Another area of collaboration that has been developed with the framework of the GTZ/UNFPA agreement is centered on the interrelationships between demographic transition, changes in families and the productive and reproductive work of women in the Latin American and Caribbean context. The preparation of a regional study on gender, reconciliation policies between the productive and reproductive sphere and public budgets, with particular emphasis on poverty, together wit h national studies of this subject in nine countries in the region (Colombia, Costa Rica, Chile, Ecuador, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru and the Dominican Republic), constitutes a contribution to the debate on social cohesion, gender equality and public policy, progressing in a new direction about the discussion between the reproductive rights and the economic and social rights of women. In a regional context characterized by advanced demographic transition, significant changes in family structures, an unstoppable increase of female participation in the labor market, reform processes in the health sector and a persistent feminization of migration, the issue of care and co-responsibility between productive and reproductive work is undoubtedly an emerging challenge for women, families and public policies. In this sense, in September 2005, at the Regional Conferencia on Latin American and Caribbean Women, a subsidiary body of CEPAL, which brings together the high-level authorities entrusted with the issues related to the situation of women and the policies aimed a achiveing gneder equlaity in the countries in the region, the meeting of the Board of Directors discussed the issue of social protection, including the ecomonics of care and the reconiliation of productuve and reproductive work, as areas of considerable concern of the Mexico Concensus adopted by the Ninth Regional Conference on Latin American and Caribbean Women, held in June 2004 and by the 49th Session of the Commission for Women’s Legal and Socia l Conditions, held from February 28 through March 11, 2005. 9 Social Cohesion, Reconciliation Policies and Public Budgeting In response to the demands of governments, women’s and civil organizations and academia for progress in the visibilization and the debate on the future of productive and reproductive work

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