4686 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE May 7

Brig. Gen. Geo!"ge Harris Cosby, Jr.. MESSAGE FROM ~ SENATE count of the leasing of lands acquired by the United States for flood control purposes; 0167827. A message from the Senate, by Mr. Brig. Gen. Clyde Emerson Do~gherty, S. 193. An act for the relief of Toni Anne Carrell, one of its clerks, announced that Simmons (Hitomi Urasaki); 0190855. Brig Gen. Charles :Merville Spofford, the Senate had passed without amend­ S. 207. An act for the relief of Jimy Okuda; ment bills of the House of the follow­ s. 226. An act for the relief of Keiko Ta­ 0919215. shiro; IN THE NAVY ing titles: s. 228. An act for the relief of Irene Rear Adm. John w. Roper, United States H. R. 688. An act for the relief of Takako Ezitis; Niina; · Navy, when retired, to be placed on the s. 252. An act to permit all civil actions retired list with the rank of vice admiral. H. R. 720. An act for the relief of Mrs. against the United States for recovery of The following-named officers of the Navy Muriel J. Shingler, doing business as Shing­ taxes erroneously or illegally assessed or col­ for permanent appointment to the grade of ler's Hatchery; lected to be brought in the district courts rear admiral: H. R. 748. An act for the relief of Anneliese with right of trial by jury; Else Hermine Ware (nee Neumann); S. 275. An .act to further define the na­ To be rear admirals, line H. R . 884. An act for the relief of Stephanie Bernard E. Manseau Burton Davis tional transportation policy; Marie Dorcey; S. 371. An act for the relief of Georgia Logan McKee Murr E. Arnold H . R. 886. An act for the relief of Aspasia Ralph Earle, Jr. John B. Moss Andrews; Vezertzi; S. 380. An act to authorize the sale or George A. Holderness, Irving T. Duke H. R. 955. An act for the relief of Paula Jr. Truman J. Hedding lease by the State of Kansas of certain lands Akiyama; situated near Garden City, Kans.; . Selden B. Spangler Chester C. Wood H. R. 1101. An act for the relief of Daniel Joseph N. Wenger Clarence E. Ekstrom S. 383. An act for the relief of Francisca Robert Leary; Egurrola; Neil K. Dietrich Rufus E. Rose H. R. 1186. An act for the relief of Astrid Frederick MoosbruggerCharles W. Wilkins Ingeborg Marquez; S. 448. An act for the relief of William Francis M. Hughes Junior Jami and Sachiko Suwa; H. R. 1193. An act for the relief of Mrs. S. 484. An act conferring jurisdiction upon To be rear admirals, Medical Corps Helga Josefa Wiley; H. R. 1451. An act for the relief f Mrs. the United States District Court for the Sterling S. Cook Winfred P. Dana District of Colorado to hear, determine, and Charles F. Behrens Robert M. Gillett James M. Tuten, Jr.; H. R . 1704. An act for the relief of Mrs. render judgment upon the claim of J. Don To be rear admirals, Supply Corps Suga Umezaki; Alexander against the United States; H. R. 1895. An act for the relief of Jack S. 607. An act for the relief of Thomas Walter W. Honaker Dale Fawcett (George Yamamoto); Frederick L. Retter Kamal Samhat; H. R. 1936. An act authorizing the accept­ S. 639. An act to provide for the abandon­ Frederic W. Hesser ment of a certain part of the Federal project To be rear admiral, Civi l Engineer Corps ance, for purposes of Colonial National His­ torical Park, of school board land in ex­ for the Broadkill. River in Delaware; Joseph F. Jelley, Jr. · change for park land, and for other purposes; s. 674. An act for the relief of Kikue Tsurukawa; IN THE MARINE CORPS H. R : 2353. An act for the relief of Ema Shelome Lawter; s. 712. An act for the relief of William R. The following-named officers for perma· Jackson; nent appointment to the grades indicated: · H. R. 2624. An act for the relief of Paola Boezi Langford; S. 1143. An act for the relief of Teresa To be major general H. R. 2936. An act authorizing the Secre­ Lee Tipton (Kinuko Sakai); Vernon E. Megee tary of the Interior to convey certain lands S. 1147. An act for the relief of Karen To be brigadier generaZ to the State of California for use as a fair­ Ruth Bauman; ground by the lo-A District Agricultural As· S. 1228. An act for the relief of Patrie Albert D. Co~ley sociation, California; and Dorian Patterson; H. R. 4004. An act to amend section 5210 Of S. 1292. An act providing for the recon­ the Revised Statutes. veyance to the town of Morristown of certain land included within· the Morristown Na· HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES· The message also announced that the tional Historical Park, in the State of New Senate had passed, with amendments in Jersey; THURSDAY, MAY 7, 1953 which the concurrence of the House is S. 1307. An act to amend the act of De· requested, bills and concurrent resolu­ cember 23, 1944, authorizing certain trans­ The House met at 12 o'clock noon. tions of the House of the following titles: actions by disbursing officers of the United The Chaplain, Rev. Bernard Braskamp, H. R. 731. An act for the relief of James States, and for other purposes; D. D., offered the following prayer: Rennick Moffett; S. 1334. An act for the relief of Rev. A. E. H. R. 4198. An act to confirm anc: establish Smith; Almighty God, we are again turning the titles of the States to lands beneath nav­ S. 1376. An act to amend section 503 of our thoughts toward Thee in supplica­ igable waters within State boundaries and the act entitled "An act to expedite the. tion and petition, for Thou alone ca~st to the natural resources within such lands provision of housing in connection with give wisdom to guide, strength to sus­ and waters, and to provide for the use and national defense, and for other purposes," tain, and hope to cheer us in these troub· control of said lands and resources and the approved October 14, 1940, as amended; lous days. · resources of the outer Continental Shelf; · S. 1389. An act for the relief of Ami Han- • H. Con. Res. 29. Concurrent resolution fa­ ada (Margaret Ami McClung); Grant that we may yield ourselves­ voring the granting of the status of perma­ S. 1390. An act for the reli~f of Ann Marie more completely to the sovereign will nent residence to certain aliens; and Longworth and John Francis Longworth; of Thy divine spirit in order that our H. Con. Res. 73. Concurrent resolution fa· S. 1418. An act for the relief of Linda own finite spirits may be taught by Thee voring the granting of the status of perma­ Marlene Kolachny (Mariko Furue); and touched to finer issues. nent residence to certain aliens. S. 1448. An act to amend the act of June 25, 1942, relating to the making of photo­ We pray that, in our desires to find The message also announced that the and fulfill the meaning and mission of graphs and sketches of properties of the Senate had passed bills, joint resolu­ Military Establishment, to continue in effect life and have a worthy place in the an­ tions, and concurrent resolutions of the the provisions thereof until 6 months after nals of history, we may be ambitious following titles, in which the concur­ the present emergency; without being unscrupulous, high­ rence of the House is requested: s. 1514. An act to establish a Commission minded without being supercilious, ven­ S.18. An act to amend the Administrative on Intergovernmental Relations; turesome without being foolhardy and Procedure Act, and eliminate certain exemp· S. 1524. An act to authorize the Secretary presumptuous. tions therefrom; of. the Navy to furnish certain supplies and Show us how we may help all man­ S. 30. An act to provide for jury trials in services to foreign naval vessels on a reim­ kind achieve a larger measure of happi· condemnation proceedings in United States bursable basis, and for other purposes; ness and relief from life's burdens and district courts; · S. 1525. An act to authorize the Secretary struggles and worries. S. 39. An act to further implement the of the Navy to convey to the Tarrant County full faith and credit clause of the Con­ Water Control and Improvement District No. Inspire us to hasten the fulfillment stitution; 1 certain parcels of land in exchange for of the day when peace and good will S. 52. An act for the relief of Anny Del other lands and interests therein at the for­ shall prevail among men .and nations. Curto; mer United States Marine Corps air station, Hear us in the name of the Prince of S. 106. An act for the establishment of a · Eagle Mountain Lake, Tex.; Peace. Amen. Commission on Governmental Operations; S. 1527. An act to amend section 40b of S. 117. An act to amend section 7 of the the National Defense Act, as amended ( 41 The Journal of the proceedings of yes­ Flood Control Act of 1941 relating to the Stat. 759, 777); to remove the limitation terday was read and approved. apportionment of moneys received on ac- upon the detail of officers upon the active 1953 CONGRESSIONAL -RECORD '~·~ROUSE ~ 4681. list for recruiting service and for duty with requested, a bill of the House of the fol­ Mr. HALLECK. I am quite sure that ROTC units; lowing title: our members on the Judiciary Commit­ S. 1528. An act to continue in effect cer­ H. R. 4664. An act making supplemental­ tee would be very insistent that the tain appointments as officers and as warrant appropriations for the fiscal year ending matters dealt with in title III should be officers of the Army and of the Air Force; June 30, 1953, and for other purposes. S. 1529. An act to amend the act of July 28, again dealt with. If the Senate bill is 1942 (ch. 528, 56 Stat. 722), relating to post­ The message also announced that the accepted, of course, that would be -ob­ humous appointments and commissions, and Senate insists upon its amendments to vious from the fact that our committee for oj;her purposes; the foregoing bill, requests a conference and the House itself did insist upon the S. 1530. An act to amend the Army-Navy with the House on the disagreeing votes inclusion of title III in the original bill. Nurses Act of 1947 to authorize the appoint­ of the two Houses thereon, and appoints Mr. RAYBURN. What I was intend­ ment in the grade of first lieutenant of Mr. BRIDGES, Mr. FERGUSON, Mr. CORDON, ing by a little speed, I think we are all nurses and medical specialists in the Regu­ it lar Army and Regular Air Force, and ap­ Mr. HAYDEN, and Mr. RUSSELL to be the tired of this thing and we want to get pointment with rank of lieutenant (junior conferees on the part of the Senate. out of the way as quickly as possible · grade) of nurses in the Regular Navy; both the Senate bill and the Continentai S. 1544. An act to repeal the authority to Shelf. purchase discharge from the Army, the LEGISLATIVE PROGRAM FOR NEXT Mr. HALLECK. I see the chairman of Navy, the Air Force, and the Marine Corps; WEEK tJ:e Judiciary Subcommittee here. I S. 1545. An act to authorize the Secretary Mr. RAYBURN. Mr. Speaker, I ask Yield to the gentleman from Pennsyl­ of the Army to convey certa.in Government­ vania [Mr. GRAHAM]. . . . . owned burial lots and other property in the unanimous consent to address the House Washington Parish Burial Ground, Wash­ for 1 minute. Mr. GRAHAM. With reference to the ington, D. C., and to exchange other_ burial The SPEAKER. Is .there objection to matter of speed, we put this bill through lots; the request of · the gentleman from the House in 2 Y2 days. · The delay was S. 1546. An act to ainend the act author­ Texas? occasioned by the other body. They took izing the Secretary of War to approve a There was no objection. 6 weeks to do what we did in two days standard design for a service flag and service and a half. lapel button; Mr. RAYBURN. Mr. Speaker, !notice the so-called tidelands bill has been mes­ Mr. RAYBURN. We can always do S. 1547. An act• to authorize payment for that, but what I was trying to inquire tbll transportation of household effects of saged over from the Senate. Many certain naval personnel; Members are interested in when this about is as to whether or not if the S. 1548. An act to provide for the exchange matter may come up for consideration Senate bill is accepted, which leaves out between the United States and the Common_. in the House. I was wondering if the the matter of the Continental Shelf will wealth of Puerto Rico of certain lands and · gentleman from Indiana had come to the Judiciary Committee of the House interests in lands in Puerto Rico; any conclusion about that matter. go ahead and deal with the problem as S. 1549. An act to retrocede to the State Mr. HALLECK. I may say I think I quickly as possible? of Virginia concurrent jurisdiction over cer­ Mr. GRAHAM. We will begin on tain highways within Fort Belvoir, Va.; can make a fairly definite statement about it at this time. At this moment Monday morning. S. 1550. An act to authorize the President Mr. HALLECK. Rules have been to prescribe the occasions upon which the it might be well to generally speak of uniform of any of the Armed Forces may be the program as I see it for next week, granted on two bills: H. R. 4605 to worn by persons honorably discharged there­ because I expect, upon the conclusion amend section 10 of the Federal Reserve from; of the matters scheduled for today, to Act, and H. R. 4495 to amend the Uni­ S. 1608. An act to prevent the indefinite adjourn over until Monday. versal Military Training and Service Act continuation of service of a United States First, Monday. is District of Columbia having to do with the induction of cer~ marshal following the expiration oi his term; day. I do not know whether there are tain medical, dental, and allied special­ S. 1641. An act to retrocede to the State of ized categories. Those two measures will Oklahoma concurrent jurisdiction over the · any bills ready to be considered at that time or not. If there are, we will try be on the calendar for next week either right-of-way for United States Highways 62 . Tuesday or Wednesday. and 277 within the Fort Sill Military Reserva­ to have them specified in the whip notice, tion, Okla.; so that Members will be aware of them. I am informed by the chairman of the S. 1739. An act to provide for continuation Mr. REED of New York. I have a Committee on Appropriations that they of authority for regulation of exports, and matter that will come to the floor any will file the Treasury-Post Office appro­ for other purposes; time you are ready for it. priation bill on Wednesday. If the in­ S. 1805. An act to promote the national Mr. HALLECK. I understand. That sistence is made that v.re wait 3 days be­ defense by authorizing the construction of is right. fore we take the bill up, we could not take aeronautical research facilities and the ac­ the measure up until Saturday. It must quisition of land by the National Advisory On Tuesday I am hoping we can dii­ bao disposed of next week, because we Committee for Aeronautics necessary to the pose of the so-called tidelands legis­ have two appropriation bills for the effective prosecution of aeronautical re­ lation. The Senate bill does not con­ following week which will probably oc­ search; tain a provision that was in the House S. J. Res. 42. Joint resolution to provide for cupy us during all of that week, so I am­ bill, . known as title III. The measure very hopeful that while I recognize the proper participation by the United States may be sent to conference, or action may Government in a national celebration of the validity of the 3-day rule and while I 50th anniversary year of controlled power be taken here which would accept the also recognize that in previous Con­ flight occurring during the year from Decem­ Senate bill. gresses consent has been given very often ber 17, 1952, to December 17, 1953; My present belief is that in all proba­ for the consideration of appropriation S. J. Res. n: Joint resolution to extend bility we shall try to get a rule on Mon­ Elertain authority of the Federal National day which would make in order for ac­ bills earlier than the expiration of the 3 Mortgage Association to Guam and to amend tion Tuesday the adoption of the Senate days, I am very hopeful that we can ar­ ·the National Housing Act with respect to bill. In the event that action is taken it range to take that measure up either · housing in Alaska; is based upon assurances from both sides. Thursday or Friday of next week. s. Con. Res. 20. Concurrent resolution fa­ As far as I know that is the program voring the suspension of deportation of cer­ of the aisle in the other body that the tain aliens; matters contained in title III which have for next week. S. Con. Res. 24. Concurrent resolution to to do with the Federal control of the revise and reprint the pamphlet entitled "Our Continental Shelf beyond the· historic DESIGNATION OF ACTING CLERK Amertcan Government"; boundaries of the State~legislation S. Con. Res. 25. Concurrent resolution fa­ dealing with that will be sent over here The SPEAKER laid before the House voring the granting of the status 'of perma­ within the next 2 or 3 weeks from the the following communication from the . nent residence to certain aliens; and · other body. Clerk which was read: S. Con. Res. 26. Concurrent resolution fa­ Mr. RAYBURN. I insist on that OFFICE OF THE CLERK, voring the suspension of deportation of cer­ point. I would like to know if the gentle­ HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, tain aliens. Washington, D. C., May 6, 1953. man has an agreement with the chair­ The honorable the SPEAKER, The message also announced that the man of the Committee on the Judiciary House of Representatives. Senate had passed, with amendments in of the House that they may do the same Sm: Desiring to be away from my omce whic~ the concurrence of the House is thing that the Senate is going to do. for a few days, I hereby designate Mr. Robert May 7 W. Malone, an official in my office, to sign . MOTHER'S DAY - Mr. Speaker, the sympathy and under-­ any and all papers and do all other acts for me which he would be authorized to do by Mrs. ST. GEORGE. Mr. Speaker, I standing embodied in Mother's Day virtue of this designation and of clause 4, ask unanimous consent to address the bridges the cracks and chasms between rule III of the House. House for 1 minute and to revise and differ-ing religious denominations. - Respectfully yours, extend my remarks. The universality of Mother's Day sur­ LYLE 0. SNADER, The SPEAKER. Is there objection to mounts the barrier of color. Clerk of the House of Representatives. the request of the gentlewoman from All languages are· intelligible when New York? raised in the praise of motherhood. There was no objection. The tenderness of Mother's Day knows AMENDING UNIVERSAL MILITARY Mrs. ST. GEORGE. Mr. Speaker, the no seas nor mountain ranges, no bounda­ TRAINING ACT respect and honor in which peoples and ries of community, county State and Mr. ALLEN of Illinois, from the Com­ civilizations have held their women has Nation. ' ' mittee on Rules, reported the following long been a yardstick of the height and Men and women alike look to their privileged resolution

succeeded in 1529 in laying the solid founda• ity. The. co~onization of Lithuania, espe- rible peril which dominates the world, which tion o~ your country. . cially with Mongolian elements that I have imposes upon us such terrible sacrifices and So Lithuania started on the road to a mentioned, loyal to the Soviet Union, is so great fears for the future." Christian nation, revealing her constructive under way. Everything points to an organ- This is the stand of a great statesman, the virtues in the fields of social progress, eco­ ized plan to destroy the Lithuanian national Secretary of State, the man whom President nomic development, and culture. But the entity. This is the established course of Eisenhower has entrusted to implement his apparition of the Muscovite imperialistic Soviet policy as regards all anti-Communist foreign policy. The policy of liberation is hordes at the gates of Europe put an end national groups. thus opening a new period in the history of to any hope of normal development. For The genocidal attack on your country is our times. Liberation is therefore becottling more than a century you Lithuanians fought monstrous and overwhelming. · the enemy No. 1 of the worldwide Commu- against oppression by the Russian czars, Bu.t this ruthless persecution without nist conspiracy. • That is why wherever Com­ against the attempt to destroy you as a na­ precedent in history has been unable to cte- munist multiform action is manifest from tion; but at last, after sufferings and hard­ stroy the roots of human dignity and spirit- Moscow to Washington, voices are raised ships, your·resistance and your faith brought ual strength. A few days ago as you know, against liberation. The great cry "liberation you to. the great day of liberation. the first secretary of the Communist Party means war" has been coined in Moscow and It was a glorious day when the Council in Lithuania, the Soviet agent Snechkus thrown on the American fellow traveler's of Lithuania, in consultation with American declared in Kaunas that every effort must market by no less an authority than the Lithuanians, formally declared the country be made in Lithuania to uproot and elim- Daily Worker. to be free and independent. It was a day inate "all secret. and masked enemies" of So they say that liberation means war which cannot be erased from the hearts_and the social state. It added of course, that precisely for the reason that the Jiberation . minds of mankind, a day, the inspiration this nationalist resistance in ·Lithuania is policy is gravely endangering their aggressive­ and the urge of which are not extinguished, the work of American and British intelli- military buildup. It is therefore natural a day on whos~ foundation the coming lib­ gence. This cry is now heard in every So- that liberation, which means primarily the eration of Lithuania will ultima~ly be built. viet .agency from the Communist hirelings ceasing of Soviet subjugation and brutal in­ Let us recall the position of Soviet Russia in Toiana to those in East Germany. terference in the life o{ other nations, be in regard to your country. This position There is no doubt whatsoever that these stigmatized by the Soviets, through their throws a crude light on the real meaning squeals are but the execution of a precise well-known upside down technique, as inter­ of Soviet international cvmmitments. On order from Moscow. A great staging has ference in their domestic affairs. Certainly, July 12, 1920, the Soviet Union concluded been under way this last year with trials, the liberation of the victims is interference with you a peace treaty in which it was purges, and killings, with the visible objec- in the affairs of the criminal, and the crim­ stated that Russia without any prejudice tives of branding any kind of resistance ina! is coming to the United Nations to dem­ recognizes the self rule and independence behind the Iron Curtain as a product of onstrate that we want to interfere with his of the State of Lithuania with all the jurid­ American interference. The Soviet leaders crimes. ical consequences-and for all times re­ are aware of the inextinguishable forces of Through the secret agreements made with nounces with good will all the sovereignty the human desire for liberty. Worried by the Soviets during the war, a tragic contin­ rights of Russia, which it has had in regard the tremendous unrest in the subjugated uation of the Molotov-Ribbentrop pacts to the Lithuanian Nation or territory. areas, they try to maintain their control of 1939, our leaders, without the knowledge What noble expressions; it is the same through the genocidal techniques of de- of the American people, ceded Eastern Eu­ language the Soviets are using today. What portations, forced labor, mass arrests, and a rope to Soviet rule. So we found ourselves a chasm between their words and deeds. discrimination which means condemnation in the situation of condemning aggression They have a remarkable propensity for every to death. and interference, ·while recognizing govern- piece of paper which could lull the intended But this is not enough. In order to dis- ments of Eastern Europe, imposed forcibly victim into a sense of security. credit the immense forces which are shak- by aggression, and interference. We found Thus on Septemb.er 28, 1926, a treaty of ing the Soviet tyranny on its borders they ourselves in the situation while preaching of nonaggression was signed in Moscow between use every effort to present them as merely free elections and self-dete_rmination we the Soviets and Lithuania. Article II of sporadic incidents engineered by American dealt with governments of rigged elections this treaty proclaimed in the same noble interference. They thus hope to cover up and Soviet determination. We even went so language that the two countries will re­ that devastating force of human beings far as to conclude peace treaties with those spect their respective sovereignty and also fighting for their existence as free men and soviet agents who~ we knew pertinently did their · integrity and territorial inviolability for their spiritual integrity, which always not represent the countries concerned. There in all circumstances. has been the greatest creative source of our is only one bright spot in this dark picture, The love of the Soviets for nonaggression civilization. • and that is the fact that we have never rec- is so great that on April 4, 1934, this non­ This liberation drive which 13 years of ognized, and never will, the enslavement of aggression pact was extended until December incredible horrors has not succeeded in · the Baltic countries. 31 , 1945. crushing is now becoming the 'most power- An historical moment has now been Your country and the world were loaded ful disruptive force within the boundaries of reached. President Eisenhower has pro­ under the weight of so many solemn Soviet Soviet tyranny. This force has penetrated claimed the' repudiation of all secret agree­ assurances and noble obligations. But be­ through all obstacles and has imposed itself ments, which means we have no longer the hind this screen of pacts and treaties Molo­ upon the conscience of the leaders of the free burden of being in such a false position to­ tov and Ribbenti:op were proceeqing on world. ward the enslaved countries and our own August 23, 1939, to the brutal partition of The year 1952 has been decisive in this consciences. The door is now open for re­ Eastern Europe. You know that the secret historical process. When General Eisen- deeming one of the most tragic mistakes of ·agreements concluded between the two at hower, in his speech to the American Legion history. Let us therefore ke~p faith with our that moment gave to the Soviet Union the proclaimed that the American conscience ideals and speak the truth in the proud tra­ Baltic States. will not be at rest until the enslaved peoples dition of us Americans; let this Nation, un­ Molotov, 2 months later, stated with his regain their liberty, he was not only stating der God, accuse the Soviet Union with un­ well-known sincerity: "We declare that all our long due moral position, if we are to be warranted and criminal interference in the nonsense about Sovietizing the Baltic coun­ faithful to ourselves and to our traditions, domestic affairs of the Baltic States, Lithu­ tries is only to the interest of our common but he was also recognizing, I believe, the a,nia, Estonia, and Latvia, , Czecho­ enemies and of all anti-Soviet provocateurs." immense potential of the liberation idea in , Rumania, Hungary, Bulgaria, and This is the perfect symbol of Soviet political the struggle for achieving international Albania, Eastern Germany, Austria, and ethics and of the value of their international order. China. Yes, of the peoples of the nations commitments. A constructive American policy has there· within the Soviet Union itself. So when the critical moment comes, when fore to take into consideration the converg- As you know, one of the great principles the Soviet respect for treaties is put to the ing interests of the enslaved peoples and of American foreign policy has been and test, the mask is brutally thrown aside and the free world. This cannot be done by the 1s the principle of noninterference. We are the ·genius of evil appears. containment policy which alienates this im- ·against interference in the life of other This happened in . June 1940 when the mense force. "A policy which only aims at peoples. We are solidly behind this princi­ Soviets invaded Lithuania. It was-estimated containing Russia where it now is, is, in it- pie, we believe 111 it and are decided to do that during the first Soviet occupation over self, an unsound policy," stated Mr. John everything in our power that it be respected, 10,000 Lithuanians were slain and over 40,000 Foster Dulles, Secretary of State, before the that it be true and real. We, therefore, banished to Siberia. Committee on Foreign Relations of the Sen- solemnly ask the Soviets and their agents In the last months of 1944 over 37,000 are ate on January 14. "But," added he, "it is to cease their flagrant, their brutal, open, estimated to have been slain or banished to a · policy which is bound to fail because a and tyranical interference in the countries remote p arts of Russia. · purely defensive policy never wins against an behind the Iron Curtain and in China. · we Altogether some 600,000 Lithuanians were aggressive policy. If our only policy 1s to ask that the juridical masquerade, whereby deported to slave-labor camps in Asiatic stay where we are, we will be driven back. the author of the most monstrous inter­ regions of the Soviet Union. Only 200 of It 1s only by keeping alive the hope of Iibera• ference in the life of free nations is ac­ the 2,000 priests in the Baltic countries stil_l tion, by taking advantage of that wherever cusing us of interference, be drastically de• survive Soviet persecution against Christian• opportunity arises, that we will end this ter• _ nounced in the United Nations. 4692 CONGRESSIONAL . RECORD ·- HOUSE May 7- It is for all free people, and us in particular, nity and brotherhood and if we look deep ton as a fashion fabric. Members of to accuse and call to account the Soviets. enough into this tragedy of our time, we see If we Americans really believe in the prin­ no more frontiers, we see no more different the House who attended an all-cotton ciple of noninterference we must work for groups. We see only those who are fighting fashion show held recently by the Na~ the ending of Soviet interference in the life for freedom and justice; on the other side tiona! Cotton Council can readily under­ of other nations. the infamous gang of those who are bound stand why this is so. Shown were cot­ What my amendment to the Mutual Se­ by their complicity in crime and terror to ton dresses of all types-from beach curity Act is doing, is just the beginning of fight for tyranny and oppression. This is wear to formal evening wear-made of an action in this direction. We want to the decisive, the global struggle of humanity, cotton fabrics. that defy description. It help people in their defense against inter­ the struggle of· faith against subhuman ma­ is no wonder that American women, the ference, against the most cruel and barbarous terialism, the struggle of freedom against interference history has ever seen. Inter­ jungle despotism. Blessed be those, who, most critical buyers in the world, are ference by Soviet military occupation, in­ like Lithuania, were from the beginning turning more and more to cotton to meet terference by imposing puppet governments soldiers of freedom and truth under God. their clothing needs. of Soviet agents, interference by annexa­ In connection with National Cotton tion, interference by exploitation and inter­ Week, the Department of Agriculture is ference by Sovietization, interference in every NATIONAL COTTON WEEK holding an exhibit in the patio of the step, every phase of human life, interference Administration Building depicting all even in the soul of inen, this is the inter­ Mr. GATHINGS. Mr. Speaker, I ask ference which we are fighting against, this phases of cotton production and market­ unanimous consent to address the House ing. All Members of Congress are in­ fs the Soviet interference which we demand for 1 minute and to revise and extend should cease. my remarks. vited to stop at the Department to see You know of the Soviet interference on this show. The exhibit will be formally June 14, 1940, at 11 p. m. when the ulti­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection to opened Friday, at 2:30 p. m. by Secre­ matum was given to Lithuania? You know the request of the gentleman from tary Benson and it will remain open that the reply was expected before 10:30 Arkansas? next week from 11 a. m. until 5 p. m., a. m. on June 15, but that even before the There was no objection. - Monday through_Thursday. expiration of this term, armored units of the Mr. GATHINGS. Mr. Speaker, it is In closing, Mr. Speaker, I wish to re­ Red Army and cavalry divisions, 300,000 men appropriate for me today to call the in all, poured into Lithuania. The legal mind Members of thiS House that cot­ government was dismissed and a new gov­ attention of the House to the fact that ton's secure place in the economy of our ernment composed of Moscow stooges was National Cotton Week will be observed country did not just happen. Behind 11 16. ins~alled, then so-called elections for the May to May This annual event, this success are years of intensive and people's diet was staged and the incorpora­ conceived and promoted by the National effective promotional, educational, and tion into the Soviet Union proclaimed on Cotton Council, typifies the efforts of research activities and on the eve of Na­ August 3, 1940, by the Supreme Soviet in this great industry to work out its own tional Cotton Week I wish to commend Moscow. You surely remember that on June salvation. Through the medium of Na­ 30, 1940, Mr. Molotov bluntly declared to leaders of the industry for their initia­ tional Cotton Week, the consuming pub­ tive and enterprise in solving many of Prof. Kreve-Mickevicius, vice premier of the lic is made aware of the great advan­ Lithuanian puppet government that "th~ their own problems. traditional Russian policy, practiced since tages of cotton, of the many new and the days of Ivan the Terrible, necessitated revolutionary develo:pments that have the incorporation of Lithuania into the occurred in the growing and processing B'NAI B'RITH Soviet Union." Was that not interference? of cotton in recent years. The consum­ Was that not aggression? What happened Mr. WALTER. Mr. Speaker, I ask ing public is reminded once again that unanimous consent to address the House simultaneously in Estonia and Latvia? Let cotton richly deserves the title of the each of us Americans look for one moment for 1 minute and to revise and extend into the greatest tragedy caused by Soviet world's most versatile fiber. my remarks. brutal interference and aggression of man­ The production, marketing, and proc­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection to kind. Let us follow on a map the heart­ essing of cotton is one of the country's the request of the gentleman from breaking forced migrations of millions to­ major industries. The cash value ·of Pennsylvania? ward the Kazakk Desert at Karaganda, to­ the crop ranges between three and four ward Lake Baikal in Siber.ia, to the concen­ billion dollars annually and several ad­ There was no objection. tration camps of Dalstroi in the Far East, ditional' billions are realized by the peo­ Mr. WALTER. Mr. Speaker, accord­ the Yagry group in the Archangel region and ing to the May 4 edition of the New York the groups in Lapland, Novaya, Zemlya, Sak­ ple who handle the lint, oil, and other products. About one third of the coun.:. Times, the national chairman of the halin, and Kamchatka, and farther on in the Antidefamation League of B'Nai B'rith Novosibirsk, Krasnoyarsk, and the Arctic re­ try's farms grow cotton and, roughly, gions. Let each of us bow ·down before this 13 milliort people are dependent wholly is quoted as saying that the new immi­ immense suffering and pray God to help and or to a great extent upon cotton for a gration law is "an area in American law guide us that we may be able to do our part livelihood. where the leaders of the lunatic fringe, in bringing it to an end. Thus, it is obvious that the prosperity the anti-Semite, the Fascist, and the Yes, my friends, it is in this way that _we of this great agricultur.al industry is of Communist can look with pleasure upon reach the core of th~ matter. If we brmg what he sees." hope to this empire of the dead, If we come vital concern to every persOn in the . with faith in their liberation we can call country. Prosperous cotton farmers Mr. Herman Edelsberg, who is the once more to life those tremendous spiritual provide a rich market for the products local representative, called on me.yester­ forces of the enslaved which we are on the of our mills and factories. Conversely day, on his own initiative, and assured verge of losing by abandoning them, our speaking, if cotton farmers suffer finan­ me that the chairman of his organiza­ brothers. This is the dramatic significance cial reverses and are unable to buy the· tion had been misquoted. of a message of liberation which will restore things they need and want, the effects I am sw·e the American people will be their confidence in us and so create that very happy to know that that is the fac·t, brotherhood so indispensable in the fight are felt through the entire American for human liberty. Ladies and gentlemen, economy. because otherwise there would be reper­ permit me before concluding, to pay once It is pertinent and significant that cussions which might be very unfortu­ more homage to your nation. I see in your through promotional activities such as nate. trials, .besides the glorious example of a National Cotton Week the industry it­ little and heroic people fighting for its sur­ self has succeeded in retaining its old LEGISLATIVE, PROGRAM vival, also a symbol-the symbol of the markets and winning new ones against decisive moments .in history, the symbol of Mr. HALLECK. Mr. Speaker, I ask the few and the faithful fighting against the competition of manmade fibers. unanimous consent to address the House terrific odds, for truth and justice, which The industry itself has developed an ag­ for 1 minute. are not yet seen by the numerous and the gressive program of these activities. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to lukewarm. I see in your fight the image of The industry is ever alert to the possi­ the request of the gentleman from Indi­ those who always led the human striving for bilities of expanding cotton's markets ana? right and freedom. I see those who were through promotion and research. One There was no objection. ignored and isolated in the beginning of of the most convincing examples of the Mr. HALLECK. Mr. Speaker, earlier their fight, but whose fight brought eventu­ success of the industry's promotion cam­ in announcing the program for next ally to humanity freedom and progress, dig- paigns is th~ growing acceptance of cot- week, I expressed the hope that the 195'3 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE' 4693 Treasury and Post Office appropriation Department granted to Army enlisted On April 27, 1898, Captain Cotton's bill, which would be filed on Wednesday, personnel who had served in the Span­ naval permit was hoisted, the crew of the could be taken up on Thursday and ish-American War a furlough of 30 days Harvard questioned, and personnel not Friday of next week. Since that time if their· service had been in the United accepted by the Navy sent ashore. The contact has been made with certain States, and 60 days if their service had others were lined up on the deck and Members who have heretofore objected been overseas. Such furlough was in informally sworn in by Lieutenant Beal, to such a request. I have been informed the nature of a "bounty," but this fur­ United States 'Navy, of Captain Cotton's in view of the fact that there is no con­ lough time later was credited toward staff. troversy about this bill, no objection will pension. On April 30, 1898, the Harvard sailed be made. Therefore, Mr. Speaker, I By virtue of General Order .No. 130 under sealed orders and played a con­ ask unanimous consent that it may be in overseas enlisted men of the Army who spicuous part in .the discovery and run­ order on Thursday and Friday of next actually served only 30 days are credited ning into Santiago Harbor of Cervera's week to consider the Treasury and Post with 90 days' service and are eligible for Spanish fleet. On June 22, 1898, the Office appropriation bill. · pensions. oath again was administered to the crew, The SPEAKER. Is there objection to There were sound reasons to justify this time formally, and it is this date the request of the gentleman from this extension by furlough of the period which is official in the records. Indiana? of actual service. It is unneces~ary to As the Harvard was decommissioned Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. Mr. go into them now. The present con­ on September 2, 1898, the crew members Speaker, reserving the right to object. cern is to remove the discrimination are credited with only 73 days service, Has the gentleman from Indiana any against naval personnel. I have intro­ ·17 days short of the requisite 90 days for information as to when the other body duced H. R. 4490 for that purpoEe. pension rights. · Actually they had will pass all these bills, if we get them The United States Government was served 128- days. through so that w.e may make some served by both branches of the armed U. S. S. "YALE" plans as to adjournment? service. Under General Order No. 130, After the surrender of Santiago the Mr. HALLECK. May I say to the service credit for furlough time has been 33d Michigan returned /to Montauk gentleman from Michigan, we are very given to the Ai·my. Similar credit has Point, N.Y., on the U. S. S. Yale. The anxious to get these bills over to the never been granted to the Navy. It is the Yale had been in commission since April .other body so there will be at least some .purpose of H. R. 4490 to correct an in­ 27, 1898, when her crew was informally pressure on that body to act on them. equity by placing individuals who served sworn in as in the case of the Harvard. I join with the gentleman in expressing in the temporary forces of the United In May of 1898 her capture of the Span­ hope that we can get through with our States Navy during the Spanish-Ameri­ ish ship Rita filled the ·front pages of business in the House and adjourn. · · can War in the same status as those who American newspapers. ·Because the Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, served in the Army. formal swearing in of her crew mem­ reserving the right to object, and I shall The Spanish-American War period bers was delayed until the job at hand not object because it is perfectly agree­ was one of confusion in records, infor­ had been done these veterans are cred­ able to me, there is only one observation mality in procedures, and a complete ited with only .73 days' service whereas I want to make for the RECORD-I do lack of coordination as it is known today. they actually served 126 days. not want to leave .the RECORD stand that This accounts for what amounted to a U. S. S. "ST. LOUIS" there may not be any controversy on the violation by inadvertence of the Ameri­ bill. There might be. can tradition that the Army and the With the U. S. S. St. Louis the facts Mr. HALLECK. At least there was no Navy hold equal place in our regard. were similar. The St. Louis, under heavy controversy in committee. After 55 years it should be corrected. fire, cut the cables around Cuba, cutting The SPEAKER. Is there objection to Sound public policy, no less than a sense Cuba off from the outside world. Then the request of the gentleman from of fair dealing with the Army arid the she captured the Spanish steamer Twick­ Indiana? Navy in a spirit of impartiality, com­ enham loaded with coal for the Spanish There was no objection. mands that General Order No. 130 fleet. She was kept so busy doing the should be made applicable to the men of job at hand/that the formality of swear­ the Navy as well as to the men.of the ing in the men was delayed until the SPECIAL ORDER GRANTED Army. That is all that is sought by emergency was over. The r:esult is that Mr. MADDEN asked and was given H. R. 4490. although the men on the St. Louis served permission to address the House for 20 · The bill, if enacted, would affect pos­ for 128 days they are officially credited minutes today, following the legislative sibly 20 veterans. All of these veterans with less than the requisite 90 days. business of the day and the conclusion of actually served in combat areas for at U. S . S. "ST. PAUL" special orders heretofore granted. least four months, but because of an in­ Of the four ships available for naval formality in swearing in-characteristic operations in the crisis existing-Cer­ of the period, but difficult for the present vera's Spanish fleet, it must be remem­ SPANISH WAR PENSIONS generation to understand-are credited bered, was at large on the open sea­ Mr. O'HARA of Illinois. Mr. Speaker, with some 17 days short of the requisite the U.S. S. St. Paul alone took time for I ask unanimous request to address the 90 days for pension rights. It was in the the formality of swearing in. On April Hou~e for 1 minute. course of my efforts in behalf of these 16, 1898, Captain Sigsbee, United States The SPEAKER. Is there objection to naval veterans that I learned of General Navy, took over command, formally en­ the request of the gentleman from Illi­ Order No. 130 and the discrimination by listed his crew, and sailed from New nois? inadvertence against the Navy of the York on May 15, 1898. The ship was de­ There was no objection. Spanish-American War, which wrote commissioned September 2, 1898. All Mr. O ' HA R.t~ of Illinois. Mr. Speaker, such a brilliant page iii American history. those on the St. Paul received the pen­ I think the war vet-erans in this body will U. S. S. "HARVARD" sion based upon a 90-day minimum be interested in H. R. 4490, and the rea­ My deep personal interest stems from service, and on their deaths their wid­ son for its introduction. It may come as the following: ows received the pension. It is interest­ a surpri ~ e to them, as it was to me, to On June 22, 1898, I embarked-with ing to note here that by May 15, 1898, learn that in the matter of Spanish War the 33d Michigan Volunteer Infantry the date of the sailing of the St. Paul, pensions there is a discrimination be­ the St. Louis had already been under fire, tween Navy veterans and Army veterans. and part of the 9th Massachusetts-at Old !'oint Comfort, Va., on the U. S. S. the Yale had engaged and captured a An Army veteran with 30 days' over­ Spanish pri.z.e, and the Harvard had dis­ seas service may obtain a pension. A Harvard, which after landing us on the Naval Veteran whose entire service may beach off Siboney, Cuba, joined Admiral covered the Spanish fleet at Martinique. have been in active operations at sea Sampson's fleet in the blockade of San­ The naval volunteers who served in must h ave a minimum service record of tiago. Prior to that time, and since April the temporary forces beyond the limits 90 days. 27, 1898, the U. S. S. Harvard had been of the United States, and who would be It happened this way: On August 28, in active naval duty under command of affected by H. R. 4490, has now dwindled 1898, General Order No. 130 of the War Capt. C. S. Cotton, United States Navy. to some 20. 4694 (:ONGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE May 7 PURPOSE OF H. ·a. 4490 We have asked the Committees on agencies, rural consumers and rural While the feeling in the Congress has Public Works of the House and the Sen­ electrification co-ops. been friendly, previous bills calculated ate to include consideration of this bill Our bill carries out these purposes by to correct a palpable injustice have been in any hearings scheduled on the subject providing for Federal construction of the objected to on the grounds that (a) they of power development at the Niagara. Niagara project and for turning over sought to legislate in the field wherein The only other bill now pending before this project to the State of New York the Congress had voted authority in the the committee is a measure which would under proper safeguards of the national Board for the Correction of Naval Rec­ authorize the turning over of the Niagara and consumer interests, upon repayment ords, and (b) they might establish a waterpower potential to private inter­ to the Federal Government of the cost precedent applicable to, and to a larger ests. It is inconceivable to us that the of construction. extent in, the care of veterans of later Congress would seriously contemplate In the 82d Congress there was a third wars. giving away to private interests the pre­ proposal supported by the New York I appreciate the validity of such 'objec­ cious resource of the Niagara River, the Power Authority, authorizing the con­ tions. H. R. 4490 I am assured is not development of which under public aus­ struction of the project by New York subject to either of said objections. I pices for the public benefit is so clearly State, but without safeguards of the na­ understand that it meets with the ap­ indicated as part of our traditional na-· tional and consumer interests. We felt proval of the Board for the Correction tiona! power policy. These waters were that this propqsal was a disguised at­ of Naval Records. It merely goes back made available for power development tempt to make the power available to to 1898 and puts the naval veterans and by the exercise of the sovereign treaty­ private utilities at the bus bar, thus Army veterans on exactly the same foot­ making powers of the United States robbing the public of the benefit of low ing, without favor to one group or dis­ Government. Under the terms of the cost hydroelectric power development crimination against another group. It treaty the Niagara development must and the protection of the safeguards al­ is, in substance, an amendment to Gen­ have a double purpose: (a) To preserve ready referred to. Now, this year the eral Order No. 130, making it apply alike and enhance the scenic beauties of disguise is thrown away. The New to Navy an~ to Army. Such doubtless . Niagara Falls, and l:- .-. ,_. • consideration of the bill

United States, including corporations, part• ~. WOLCO'IT. I yield to the gen­ . Mr. GROSS. If the gentleman will nerships, and associations organized and tleman from Iowa. yield further, the phrase in the bill is existing under the laws of the Uni~ed States Mr. GROSS. Is there any prohibi­ or any State, ' district, Territory, or posses­ "friendly foreign country.'' Would that sion thereof, against the risks of loss of tion in the bill that would stop indemnifi­ apply to Yugoslavia, for instance? or damage to tangible personal property of cation of machine tools located in a fac­ Mr. WOLCO'IT. . I do not know. I United States origin which is exported from tory that was shipped overseas, and think we must take into consideration the United States in commercial intercourse stored in a factory in some foreign coun­ that the National Advisory Council, and is in transit to or located in any friendly try? which is the umbrella over all the financ- · foreign country, to the extent that such loss Mr. .WOLCO'IT. Yes. The gentle­ or damage results from hostile or warlike ing agencies of the United States Gov­ man means not warehoused for resale? ernment, financing foreign loans, ship­ action in time of peace or war, including Mr. GROSS. That is right; not for civil war, revolution, rebellion, insurrection, ments, and insurance, is the advisory or civil strife arising therefrom, or from an resale, but used in a factory. council of the Export-Import Bank. The order of any government or public authority Mr. WOLCOTT. No. They would not. Secretary of State is a member of the confiscating, expropriating or requisitioning then be in commercial intercourse. National Advisory Council, so I presume such property and to the- extent that such Mr. GROSS. Where is the prohibi· that in determining whether a -foreign property is owned in whole or in part by the tion? country is a friendly country the ad­ assured or constitutes security for financial Mr. WOLCO'IT. In lines 4 and G on ministrators of this law, who will be obligations owed to the assured. page 2, which reads "which is exported "(2) Insurance may 'be provided pursuant the Board of the Export-Import Bank, from the United States in commercial would consult with the National Advisory to this subsection only· to the extent that intercourse." it cannot be obtained on reasonable terms Council and get the benefit, of course, of and conditions from companies authorized to The goods to which the gentleman re .. State Department thinking in respect to do an insurance business in any State of the fers would not be in commercial inter­ whether a country classifies as a friendly United States and to the extent that it can­ course. country. not be obtained from any agency of the Mr. GROSS. Suppose they were ma· Mr. GROSS. Who asked for this bill? United States Government providing marine chine tools shipped to Ford automobile or air war-risk insurance. Mr. WOLCOTT. Representatives of plants in Paris or somewhere in Eng­ the Department of Commerce testified, ''(3) In providing insurance pursuant to land? this subsection, the Bank may reinsure in and the Department of Agriculture. It whole or in part any company authorized to . Mr. WOLCOTT. They would not be in is cleared with Treasury, and cleared do an insurance business in any State of the commercial intercourse. Whenever title with the administration generally. I United States or may employ any such com­ passed to the Ford people at wherever personally cleared it with the Treasury pany or group of companies to act as its un­ the Ford plant is located this insurance Department. We had statements that derwriting agent in the issuance of such would no longer apply. the bill was advocated by the Depart­ insurance and the adjustment of claims Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. Mr. ment of Commerce, but I think primarily arising thereunder. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? .. ( 4) Subject to the limitations herein pro­ it was sponsored by the Department of Mr. WOLCO'IT. I yield to the gen­ Agriculture. vided, the Bank shall from time to tiJlle de­ tleman from Minnesota. termine the terms and conditions under Mr. GROSS. Has the gentleman which it will provide insurance pursuant to Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. I would stated why the private insurance com­ this subsection: Provided, however, That like to get the gentleman's answer to panies will not insure these goods? such insurance shall be based, insofar as this question: We will say t.hat Ander· - Mr. WOLCO'IT. Yes, because they practicable, upon consideration of the risk son Clayton Co. ships abroad $100 mil­ are not set up to do it, but they do in­ involved: And provided further, That the lion worth of cotton and stores it in sure shipments in transit. If you will term of coverage of any such insurance shall other countries of the world. Can that not exceed 1 year, subject to renewal or ex­ cotton be insured at full value up to the · read section 2 of the bill, you will find tension from time to time for periods of not $100 million; apd if so, for ·how long? the following language: exceeding 1 year as may be determined by · (2) Insurance may be provided pursuant the Bank." Mr. WOLCOTT. That is left to the to this subsection only to the extent that it discretion of the Export-Import Bank. cannot be obtained on reasonable terms and Mr. WOLCOTT. Mr. Speaker, I move I do not think I have made it clear that conditions from companies authorized to do to strike out the last word. these goods are insured against loss only an insurance business in any State of the Mr. Speaker, this bill very simply au~ from hostile or warlike action which oc· United States and to the extent that it can­ thorizes the Export-Import Bank to in- curs in time of peace or war, including­ not be obtained from any agency of the sure exports of goods which move in for- civil war, revolution, rebellion, insurrec­ United States Government providing marine eign trade. It does not insure the goods tion, or civil strife arising therefrom, or or air war-risk insurance. while in transit until they get to the for.. from an order of any Government ·or Mr. HUNTER. Mr. Speaker, will the eign country. Now private insurance public authority confiscating, expropri­ . gentleman yield? companies and Government under .wa~· ating, or requisitioning such property. Mr. WOLCOTT. I yield. risk insurance cover these goods while m The purpose of the bill is to insure Mr. HUNTER. I would like to say to transit on the ocean and for 15 days these exports against losses due to ex­ the gentleman from Iowa that this after they arrive at the port of destina- propriation, revolution, civil war, or acts particular bill has the full support of the tion. When they are unloaded at the of a hostile or warlike nature. So I pre-· sume there would be a limitation upon Department of Agriculture, and it is also port of destination they can apply for the. amount of cotton or the amount of· supported by producers of such crops as insurance under this act. any other commodity warehoused abroad. wheat, cotton, and tobacco, which are The purpose of this bill is to move I m-ight say also that we took into con- exported in large quantities. The domes­ American goods abroad which are now sideration the question of premiums. tic economy in those fields depends to a not moving: It applies particularly to The premiums may vary from country to very great extent on our success in ex­ cotton and tobacco and other agricul- country. This is no actuarial history. portip.g such crops. At the present time, tural commodities, but it is not limited They have had no experience in this type insurance is not available to the extent to agricultural commodities, so in prac.. of insurance. They cannot now put a that it is needed. "t understand that the tice and in effect all goods which are to present evaluation upon the probable only offer of this type of insurance was be warehoused abroad and are not sent losses. T.hey will have to feel their way from Lloyds of London, but the rates to a foreign consignee can be insured so along on h. So the premiums which are quoted make it prohibitive. . long as the title to the goods is in a citi- . to be paid are to be set under regulations Mr. WOLCOTT. Lloyds will insure zen of the United States abroad. by the Export-Import Bank, taking into anything, if you pay a high enough . . . . consideration the probable losses. Of I thmk It nnght be recogruzed that our . course, the premiums constitute a limi· premium. e?Cport. of cotton has fallen .dow~ mate.. tation upon the length of time the cotton Mr. GROSS. The gentleman from nally m recent years. This Will allow · or other commodity can be profitably California surely is not saying that this the cotton exporters to warehouse cot- warehoused abroad. . bill applies only to agricultural products ton abroad for the purpose of moving Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. Then, because there is no such statement in .into the foreign markets upon demand. as I understand, it does not cover spoil- the bill. Mr. GROSS. Mr. Speaker, will the ;· age, or deterioration, or loss by fire?. Mr. WOLCOTT. I do not think he gentleman yield? - , .. Mr. WO;LCOTT. No. , intended to make that statement, and 1 ~698 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD :-:HOUSE May 7 I made the statement most definitely from my reading of the bill and the re­ terests. This bill would, in my opinion, .that although the purposes of the bill port, that even if the Government does stimulate and facilitate exports of a primarily were .to move agricultural go in to the extent of 100 percent to number of our agricultural commodities. commodities, the bill is not limited to make this insurance if the private insur .. It could also be used for manufactured agricultural commodities, but applies to ance companies are willing to take part articles which are able to qualify. all exports. of the insurance, they may do so through The present administration and the Mr. GROSS. I know the gentleman the Export-Import Bank. business people of this country fully from Michigan made that statement. Mr. WOLCOTT. Yes. realize that something must be done to :But I gathered from the statement made Mr. COLMER. Mr. Speaker, will the regain our export trade. Thus, this bill by the gentleman from California that gentleman yield? is endorsed by the Directors of the Ex­ he was confining it to agricultural prod­ Mr. WOLCOTT. I yield. port-Import Bank, by the Secretary of ucts. There is no such definite state· Mr. COLMER. From my reading Of Commerce, by the Department of Agri .. ment in the bill. the bill and the report, which is very culture, by the American Farm Bureau Mr. HUNTER. What I said was that brief, I got the distinct impression that Federation, by the National Cotton the bill was supported by the Depart· the object of this whole legislation is to Council, by the National Council of ment of Agriculture and by the produ­ give our farmers and producers an op­ Farmer Cooperatives, by the banks, by cers of the crops which I enumerated. portunity to have their goods on the the Cotton Shippers Association, by the The SPEAKER. The time of the ground in these foreign ports so that United States Treasury, and by the State gentleman from Michigan [Mr. WoL· they will have a better opportunity to Department, and it was voted out of the coTT J has expired. compete with other countries in the dis­ Banking and Currency Committee by Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I position of our farm products and manu­ unanimous vote. ask unanimous consent that the gentle­ factured goods. The continued prosperity of American man from Michigan may be permitted Mr. WOLCOTT. That is correct. agriculture may depend to a large meas .. to proceed for 2 additional minutes. Mr. COLMER. I thank the gentle­ ure on our ability to maintain agricul.. The SPEAKER pro tempore. Without man. tur~l exports in the future. Since agri­ objection, it is so ordered. Mr. WOLCOTT. Instead of selling culture provides the largest single- mar .. There was no objection. f. a. s. New York or Baltimore, they ket outlet for the industries of this Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, will sell f. o. b. their warehouse in the for­ country, the prosperity of the entire the gentleman yield? eign country and thereby take advan· economy will be influenced by the level Mr. WOLCOTT. I yield. tage of the · market in the foreign of agricultural exports. Mr. McCORMACK. The gentleman country. The dependence of agriculture on ex.. from Iowa made a very sound and per­ Mr. BROWN of Georgia. Mr. Speaker, port markets is illustrated by the figures tinent inquiry to which the gentleman I move to strike out the last two words. 'for some of the principal crops. United from Michigan· replied that if private States ·has been exporting over half of insurance companies could not insure in Mr. SPENCE. Mr. Speaker, I ask its rice, over 40 percent of its wheat, connection with this business, then the unanimolJ_s consent that the gentleman better than a third of its cotton, at least Government would, is that correct? from Georgia [Mr. BRoWN] may proceed one-fourth of its tobacco, approximately Mr. WOLCOTT. That is right. for 5 additional minutes. one-fourtn of its fats and oils, and from Mr. McCORMACK. And even where The SPEAKER pro tempore USE-: May 1.- noted that no consideration is to -be the role that the Fraternal · Order of community in California, . and less di­ given as to whether or not the acting Eagles has played in the establishment of. rectly in every community in the Nation .. postmaster is doing a good job. Isn't this typically Amer~can observance. · I commend.the Fraternal Order of Eagles · it inconsistent for the Post Office De· The observance of Mother's Day by for its interest in furthering American- partment to state on one hand that its the American people is an apt com· . ism on this occasion of our last meeting aim is more efficient postal service at less mentary on the .Christian spiritual base prior to the observance of Mother's Day cost to the taxpayers and better em-· of our society. This magnificent Nation of 1953. ployee morale, and then remove from of ours is founded on the American Mr. RAINS. Mr. Speaker, I rise in office acting postmasters who are serving family and the keystone of the American opposition to the pro forma amendment .. their communities well, in order to re- family is the American mother. So · Mr. Speaker, the decline in the export place them with totally inexperienced long as we preserve this reverence for market for United States agricultural men for a period of only a few weeks the concept of home and family we are commodities is one of the most perplex­ until results of the new examinations in no danger of succumbing to any form · ing and serious problems facing our are known. of totalitarianism. farmers. The amount of cotton, wheat, I have also.been reliably informed that We in America are justifiably proud tobacco, and other farm products the administration has instructed local of our institutions of public education shipped abroad are down sharply from_ Republican committees that no employee and institutions of private education and last year and all indications point to a in the postal service will be promoted to . mass methods of communication and continued slackened demand on the part a supervisory position upon the recom- enlightenment which we have encour­ of our foreign consumers. And a conse­ mendation of a Democratic postmaster . aged by creating a climate wherein they quence of this contraction of a major. without approval of the Postmaster Gen- can prosper and expand; however, the· market has been a sharp decline in price. eral, who, in turn, will call on the local primary job of education 'and instruc­ Farmers are concerned, and rightfully Republican political committee for ap- tion remains with the family. This is so, over the outlook for the year ahead,. proval. This· is further indication that particularly true with respect to those particularly as the prices of the things political reward, and not merit, will be religious and ethical values which die­ they must buy to stay in business have the new standard in the Post Office De- tate the course of development of per· shown no decrease. partment. · sonality and idealism. The principal Improvement in the export market is The efficiency of the postal service can credit for the wide public observance of. imperative. It is the key to continued never be improved if political reward Mother's Day in this country and in prosperity for our farmers. From this rather than merit of the individual is other countries belongs to the Fraternal pressing need has sprung a great variety the criteria to be established for these Order- of Eagles, of which I am proud of proposals--some costly and utopian positions. Much could be done to im- to be a member. The Fraternal Order in their scope and others reminiscent of prove the Post Office Department and of Eagles is another of the great Ameri· Government-dominated trading which to cut down on the postal deficit. I have can institutions which carry on our tra­ we in this country are most anxious to cherished the hope that the new Post- dition of love of family and propagation escape. master General would recommend an of the moral and spiritualvalues which The bill under discussion today is not increase in second- and third-class are a part of the American tradition. the cure-all for the agricultural export postal rates covering special services per-· The program for national observance problem. The gentleman from Michigan formed by the Department, as recom- of Mother's Day was initiated in 1904 by [Mr. WoLCOTT] and the gentleman from mended by the Hoover Commission. Frank Hering, a member of the Fra_­ Georgia [Mr. BROWN] would be the last Because· of services rendered the gen- ternal Order of Eagles. In that year he to claim for this proposed legislation a eral public, the Post Office Department urged upon the membership and officers miraculous solution for the many prob­ will always operate with a so-called deft- of this order that they observe a day lems besetting the farmers. · But.they do cit, but certainly the Post Office Depart- each year in honor· of mothers. The assert, and I agree, as do the members of ment should not be used to subsidize Eagles as an organization eagerly the House Banking Committee who have certain select business operations. adopted the idea and sought to expand made a study of the problem, that this . If the Postmaster General is truly in- the observance outside the limits of their bill offers an intelligent _approach to one terested in efficiency and economy in his organization. As a result Congress rec­ facet of this overall problem, namely, Department, he will direct his efforts to- ognized Mother's Day as a national holi­ the granting of onshore war-risk insur­ ward correcting this faulty rate struc- day and the practice of special recogni­ ance on American-made commodities. ture, rather than to spend taxpayers' tion of a day for tribute to and remem­ shipped abroad for sale. To me, this bill. dollars in order to repay political obli- brance of mothers was unanimously offers an opportunity to private indus­ gations by discarding civil-service regis- adopted by the people of America. .try to help. itself increase exports and ters established on the basis of merit and The Fraternal Order of Eagles has thus strengthen generally the position qualification. often been· commended for its roll in of agriculture. The SPEAKER pro tempore. The establishing the observance of Mother's Briefly stated, the objective of the leg­ time of the gentleman from Florida has Day. In 1930, Senator C. C. Dill, of the islation is to set up a privately financed expired. State of Washington, in an address re­ insurance program against presently un­ Mr. SPRINGER. Mr. Speaker, I ask ferred to the activity of Mr. Hering and ~nsurable ~osses through war, seizure, unanimous consent that the gentleman stated: expropriation, and other unusual acts. may proceed for 1 additional minute. The Eagles throughout the country carried over which neither the farmers nor ex­ Mr. LANTAFF. I will n'ot object to out the suggestlon and it soon became ana- porters of this country have any con­ that, if I can have 5 minutes. tional institution. Americans owe M.r. Her- trol. The insurance would be written. Mr. Speaker, in view of the large num· ing and this great fraternity a debt of grati­ by priv~te firms with the Export-Im­ ber of Members standing I ask unani- tude which can only be repaid by a renewed port Bank given authority tO reinsure mous consent to proceed for an addi- reverence for mothers year by year. the risks up to $100 million. Experts· tiona! 5 minutes. By virtue of· worthwhile activity of are of the opinion that under nor-mal­ Mr. CURTIS of Missouri. Mr. Speak· this character the Fraternal Order of conditions the insurance program should er, I object. · Eagles has acquired a membership which not cost the Government one cent; the Mr. SPENCE. Mr; Speaker, I ask has permitted it not only to exist as a premiums charged should be sufficient to unanimous consent that the gentleman solvent fraternal order but to expand its cover all costs; from California [Mr. HAGEN] be per- membership throughout the most diffi­ How could an insurance program of mitted to extend his remarks at this cult and trying times through which our this type facilitate and stimulate exports point in the RECORD. great Nation has passed. In California of agricultural commodities? This can The SPEAKER. Is there objection to on May 22, 23, and 24 the California best be illustrated by using cotton as an the request of the gentleman from Ken· Aerie of the Eagles will celebrate 50 years example, because the peculiar circum­ tucky? _ • ~ of existence at a golden anniversary in stances surrounding world trade in cot­ There was no objection. · __ t ·. Fresno. That convention will be pro.:. ton are best adaptable to the terms of Mr. HAGEN of California. Mr. Speak• ductive of recognition for the great work the legislation. er, I would like to comment briefly on the of this order and will be the birthplace. First, it :would help _foreign mills re-­ observance of Mother's Day and the his·· of new activities in the American tradi­ build. their stocks of cotton to safe and tory of Mother's Day with recognition of _ tion which wiil be felt certainly in every efficient levels. . At the present time, the 1953. 47.05'

pipeline of cotton is about 1 million ~he SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there tional law. It ' deprecates· any action by a bales below normal, a condition which objection to- the request of the gentleman member state to uphold the rights of its na­ our foreign customers are powerless, to from Iowa? · tionals against the confiscation of invest~ · ments made in good faith.· a great extent, to meet. Foreign spin~ There was no objection. If this resolution reflects prevailing views ners do not have the dollars with which The SPEAKER pro tempore. The of busines morality and the rights and needs to buy the American cotton, credit is gentleman from Iowa is recognized for of free peoples, the prospects for ·industrial difficult to obtain and when available 10 minutes. progress and higher standards of living in is too costly. Also, the spinners are Mr. GROSS. Mr. Speaker, now that underdeveloped nations through investment fearful of building up stocks on their all the political woes of the country have of private capital are dim. · own because they cannot hedge on the been settled, I think w'e should get back The [U. N.J resolution as drawn up by the future market against·possible price de~ to the bill before us and which author­ Economic .and Financial Committee de. clines and they cannot afford risking clared: izes the establishment of a fund of $100 "The General Assembly • • • remember­ large inventory losses. American cot~ miliion-no small amount-for the al~ ing that the right of peoples freely to use ton exporters are anxioUs to tak~ the leged purpose of indemnifying exporters and exploit their natural wealth and, re­ responsibility for rebuilding the depleted who in their dealings with so-called sources is inherent in their spv_ereignty and stocks; they are handicapped by tJ;le lack friendly foreign countries may suffer loss is in accordance with the purposes and of an adequate insurance against so­ or damage as a result of civil war, revo­ principles of the Charter of the United Na~ called political risks. Given the proper lution, rebellion, insurrection, civil strife, tions; recommends all member states, in the insurance for which they are willing tO · exercise of their right freely to use and ex­ or expropriation, which means nationali~ ploit their natural · wealth and resources pay reasonable and adequate premiums, zation. wherever deemed desirable by them for their the shippers, in cooperation with banks, Which are the friendly nations we are own progress and economic development, to can ship the needed cotton abroad, thus going to deal with under the terms of this have due regard, consistently with their sov­ relieving the foreign buyers of the ne­ bill? No one seems to have an answer. ereignty, to the need for the maintenance cessity of further depleting their supply Is it Argentina? Is it Yugoslavia.? Is of mutual confidence and economic coopera­ of dollars and the Mutual Security it Spain? In each of those countries tion among nations; recommends further all Agency of a share of its problems. member states to refrain from acts, direct or there is a dictator who on 15 minutes' indirect, designed to impede the exercise of · second, properly insured against po­ notice could confiscate or expropriate the the sovereignty of any state over its natural litical risks, cotton could be stored in property which you propose here to in~ resources." ports abroad for use by foreign spinners demnify to the extent of $100 million. as they need it. Also foreign spinners Why is this sort of bill necessary? Continuing, the Guaranty Trust Co. . could select the grade and quality they The gentleman from Georgia [Mr. says: desire, placing American cotton in a de­ BROWN], speaking a few .minutes ago, The resolution is objectionable for what cided competitive · advantage since said we suffer no loss in this bill unless it omits as much as for what it contains. growths of other countries are not af­ we have an all-out war. I do not think No one questions the right of a sovereign forded equal protection. The net effect he means that precisely-that the only state to take private property for public use. will be to increase consumption of Amer­ Capital flows to borrowers with acceptable occasion by which we can suffer a loss credit standing. Investors require a fair op­ ican cotton, particularly by mills oper~ under this bill would be from all-out .war. portunity to earn a profit, and the right to ating on a day-to-day basis. . I say again that any of these dictators bring the profit home. They must be able Third. The insurance program will could confiscate or expropriate anything to liquidate their investments in case such enable American cotton shippers to sell shipped to their countries. a course becomes necessary. They need a on deferred terms or cash on arrival. Why the need for this bill? We have politico-economic climate in which contracts This also will strengthen the competi­ are performed and private rights are re­ spent some $120 billion upon our so­ spected. tive position of American cotton- ov.er called friends since 1940, yet we have no other growths. Foreign mills will not favorable climate for private investment; There is no such climate despite all have to use their operating capital, or we have no favorable climate for foreign the billions of dollars extracted from arrange costly credit, to pay for cottqn trade among these so-called fri~ndly na­ American taxpayers for so-called foreign in advance of shipment as is now the tions. Let me cite· ·to you for just a aid. Let us read further in reference to case. This will, in effect, offset to some moment the February issue of what is American investors: degree the price advantage enjoyed ·by known as the Guaranty Survey, pub­ They are prepared to incur the ordinary foreign growths. lished by the Guaranty ·Trust Co. of New· risks of business enterprise, but not such The impressive fact about the com­ York-no small crossroads bank but a political hazards as confiscation, arbitrary mittee hearings on the bill is that it bank with assets of $3,149,000,000, and exchange ·rates and restrictions, and other attracted almost unanimous ·support. which has branch banks in London, ruinous measures completely beyond their The Administration strongly endorsed control and foresight. Lip service to "the Paris, Brussels, and perhaps other places need for maintaining the flow of capital in it as fitting perfectly into its efforts to in Europe. What 'does the Guaranty conditions of security, of mutual confidence promote free world trade and lessen the Trust Co., through the Guaranty Survey, and economic cooperation among nations" demand for economic aid. Cotton ship­ its publication, say about foreign invest~ is not enough. What is needed is explicit pers and the banks which finance the ments in its February issue? and unconditional assurance against govern­ shippers convincingly demonstrated that Listen to what it says: mental policies that contravene long-ac­ cepted standards of honesty and !air dealing. the lack of an adeq~ate onshore war The outlook for the economic development risk insurance program is limiting their of the free world has received a serious set­ That· is what we should insist on in efforts to step up sales abroad. The back at the hands of the United Nations, an connection with foreign trade. Please cotton farmer endorsed the bill as the organization that has not .only professed to a'tisorb this additional paragraph by the most logical plan advanced thus far to favor such development but in some ways has gone to considerable lengths to pro­ Guaranty '!:rust Co.: increase the foreign market for his It is an understatement to say that the product. Furthermore; I am convinced· mote it. By an overwhelming majority the U. N. United Nations resolution gives no such as­ this legislation would be fair to all General Assembly has adopted a resolution surance. On the contrary, its effect must be groups in the cotton export business. approving the nationalization of economic to make worse an international investment In fact, it would definitely . help the resources by member states. · The resolution· climate that is already bad. The chief vic­ smaller firms, because with the insur­ · does no·t contain a word in defense of private tims of this ill-advised action will be the . ance behind them, the smaller firms can enterprise. economically retarded countries that voted secure the necessary financing, now for it. These · are the countries that most · Remember, thil' resolution was passed need foreign capital but that seem ready, denied to them, to sell on a cash on ar~ by the U. N. only a few months ago. in some cases at least, to commit economic rival basis, or to store cotton abroad, The United States delegation voted suicide rather than admit it on fair terms. placing them in a better competitive against it, but it passed anyway, and so position with the larger firms. Mr. Speaker, I say that this bill is . . we are stuck with it. Now the Guaranty loosely worded; that we are embarking This is a bill which deserves speedy· Survey continues: passage by the Congress. · here upon something that can come back It does not mention the rights of private to haunt us in setting up a fund of $100 Mr. GROSS. Mr. Speaker, I move to investors who have risked their savings in strike out the last word ·and ask unani~ the development of such resources. It says million to in effect subsidize exporters. mous consent to speak for 5 additional nothing about the sanctity of contracts or Mr. WOLCOTT. Mr. Speaker, will the minutes. the long-established principles of interna- gentleman yield?. 4706 Mr. GROSS. I yield to the gentleman· There was no objection. recognize the fact that through some from Michigan. The Clerk read the bill, as follows: bootlegging process perhaps some rice Mr. WOLCOTT. I might call the at·. Be it enacted, etc., That section 12 of the and some other commodities get to our tention of the gentleman to the fact that Export Control Act of 1949 (63 Stat. 7), as enemies, but this is a program which pre· as I understand it he is reading from the amended by Public Law 33, 82d Congress vents the flow of goods to our unfriendly h G t T ust ( 65 Stat. 43) , is hereby amended by striking ·monthly le tter 0 f t e uaran Y r out "1953" and inserting in lieu thereof_ nations, we might put it that way. It Co.? ''1956." has been recognized as a very efficient Mr. GROSS. That is right. and very effective program to prevent Mr. WOLCOTT. In opposition to this Mr. WOLCOTT. Mr. Speaker, I move the movement of American ·goods into bill? to strike out the last word. unfriendly hands. The export control Mr. GROSS. No ~ . in opposition to a Mr. Speaker, this bill extends the Ex- program also permits us to channel resolution by the United Nations General port Control Act of 1949 for 3 years. I goods which are in short supply to our Assembly. think the report speaks pretty well for friends abroad. l\4r. WOLCOTT. I thought the gen- itself. We have had export controls Mr. BAILEY. I thank the gentleman tleman was speaking in opposition to since about 1940, and they have been from Michigan. I was asking for infor· the bill. used primarily to protect the domestic mation and I got it. Mr. GROSS. I am speaking in oppo- economy from excessive drains of scarce Mr. GROSS. Mr. Speaker, will the sition to this bill and citing the reasons commodities and safeguard the national gentleman yield? why apparently this legislation is security insofar as it might be adversely Mr. WOLCOTT. I yield to the gentle-· brought in. That is, because there is affected by exports of strategic commod­ man from Iowa.· an unfriendly climate abroad. I am try- . ities, and to further our foreign ·policy. Mr. GROSS. Does the gentleman feel ing to point out that there is no favor- I think this program is so well known under the present law the Secretary of able climate for foreign investments and that further explanation is not required. Commerce is compelled to go too often no favorable climate for the acceptance Mr. GROSS. Mr. Speaker, will the on too much of a bended knee to the of our goods in foreign trade. gentleman yield? Secretary of State to make the export Mr. WOLCOTT. I should like to call Mr. WOLCOTT. I yield to tne gentle- program of the United States conform attention to the fact that William A. Me- man from Iowa. to foreign policies? Gregor, vice president of the Guaranty Mr. GROSS. Congress has been ex­ Mr. WOLCOTT. Under a republic Trust Co. of New York, appearing in be- tending this act for 1 year. I believe there must be a coordination of thinking, half of H. R. 4465, said that he thought · this extends it for 3 years; is that right? there must be a coordination of action. it would stimulate the export of certain Mr. WOLCOTT. That is right. We Under our sytem of government as l American products, cotton being one of have extended it for 2 years on occasion. understand it, the President is the co­ the most important items. Mr. GROSS. Why the 3-year ~xten- ordinator over the different executive Mr. GROSS. I repeat to the gentle- sian, if I may ask? departments of the Government. Of man that I did not say that the Guar- Mr. WOLCOTT. I think that they course, we might expect that there will anty Trust Co. was opposed to this par- justified the 3-year extension, because be consultation among all of the depart­ ticular bill. It is opposed to the adoption it authorizes the exporters to plan fur­ ments of the Government in respect to of a resolution in the United Nations ther into the future. As a matter of policy, the President himself peing the General Assembly which says in effect, fact, they wanted a 5-year extension. coordinator of those policies. So if the that the foreign countries which voted It has been the impression that if we· President suggests to the Secretary of for this resolution in the General Assem- are going to take up the slack when and Commerce that the Secretary of Com­ bly have the right to confiscate or ex- if there is any cut-back in defense pro· merce consult with the State Depart· propriate property, which includes, per- duction, we will take up that slack ment, or the Department pf Agriculture, haps, plants that we build and finance through the production of ·heavy and that is up to him in the process of coordi· in those foreign countries, and an ap-. light consumer goods, many of which will nating the program. - parently unlimited variety of export be exported. Mr. GROSS. I think our export pro· goods. In view of the material which I In order to give industry an oppor­ gram ought to be based on what is good have quoted from the Guaranty Trust tunity to plan their marketing, to bring for Ame~ic~:qs and not what is good for Co., it seems inconceivable that the it into line with their proposed planning foreigners. company's vice president would testify of production, the 3-year period is sug­ in favor of such a bill as this, unless the gested. Also, the' authority contained in Mr. WOLCOTT. It surely is not good measure is looked upon as a program the bill should be continued for security for Americans to be channeling these to guarantee bank loans made to ex- purposes. American products into enemy hands and that is what this program seeks u;. po~~!s. SPEAKER pro tempore. The Mr. BAILEY. Mr. Speaker, will the prevent. gentleman yield? time of the gentleman from Iowa has Mr. WOLCOTT. I yield to the gentle- Mr. GROSS. I heartily agree with the expired. . · gentleman. Mr. WOLCOTT. Mr. Speaker, I move man from West Virginia. Mr. WOLCO'IT. Mr. Speaker, I move the previous question. Mr. BAILEY. I had the pleasure of the previous question. The previous question was ordered. li~tening to a part of the testimony of The previous question was ordered. The bill was ordered to be engrossed the president of the National Grange be­ and read a third time, was read the third fore the Committee on Ways and ·Means The bill was ordered to be engrossed time, and passed, and a motion to recon- this morning. He was complaining and read a third time, was read the third time, and passed, and a motion to recon­ sider was laid on the.table. there that the plight of agriculture that sider was laid on the table. House Resolution 222 was laid on the has developed over the past few months table. is to a certain extent attributable to the House.Resolution 224 was laid on the program of licensing of exports, and he table. Mr. WOLCOTT. Mr. Speaker, I ask EXTENSION OF THE EXPORT CON· mentioned as an illustration the fact that they had an opportunity to sell rice unanimous consent for the immediate TROL AC'f OF 1949 abroad but under this export licensing consideration of the bill (S. 1739) ·to pro­ Mr: WOLCOTT. Mr. Speaker, I ask plan they could not even sell it abroad. · vide for continuation of authority for unanimous consent for ·the immediate Will the gentleman explain that? regulation of exports, and for other pur­ poses. - consideration of the bill (H. R. 4882) to Mr. WOLCOTT. Yes. We all know provide for continuation of authority for the president of the National Grange, The Clerk read the title of the bill. regulation of exports, and for other pur­ Mr. Housmann, as a good American. He The SPEAKER PJ;O tempore out -~~ the~ day is $264,500,000,000 . . 1953 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD~ HOUSE 4711 Mr. PATMAN. One percent of $264,- faith and credit in the city-something 3%,-percent rate, more than $2,000 a day. 500,000,000 would be $2,645,000,000. this Nation has not had in 120 years. The money to be appropriated is actually One-half of one percent would be $1,- The rates of interest today are what they public money-money belonging to the 325,000,000. This rate of 3 ~ percent are because of the pro:fiigate spending Government, although it is in the pos­ was three-fourths of one percent higher and an unbalanced budget, and because session of the 12 Federal Reserve banks. than most of the other outstanding of the criticism that has been heaped It occurs to me that the Board of Gov- United States Government bonds. So upon anybody by the administration of . ernors' sponsorship of this measure is there with one stroke of the pen, you · the past 20 years who even said that a sound evidence that the Board believes are setting an example to increase the balanced budget was .a decent or an that we are going into a de:fiationary sit­ interest rates on the national debt over honest thing. They said we were old uation, otherwise, the Board would not $2 billion a year. fashioned and came from the old school. have recommended expenditures. of Mr. ELLIOTT. Mr. Speaker, I thank I would just like to tell the gentleman money for this purpose, which involves the gentleman. from Texas that for the past 4 years in not only more in:fiation if we have an Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, will Canada, they have been selling their in:fiationary condition, but sca~ce mate­ the gentleman yield 1 bonds above par. Why? Because they rials, supplies, and labor if we have an Mr. PATMAN. I yield. have balanced their budget, Mr. Speaker, inflationary condition. · Mr. McCORMACK. As a result of and each year for the past 4 years they These branch bank buildings will not this 3~-percent interest rate on a bil­ have paid $500 million or more on their lion-dollar issue, why would not every­ national debt. be used by the public, but they will be body else who is holding long term Gov­ When the new administration puts the · used principally for clearing houses for ernment bonds be entitled to get it? finances of this Nation in the same good checks and bookkeeping operations. If they give it to one, why should not shape, we will not have to pay rates of They will not be buildings that the public everyone get it? interest that high. We are only paying will have access to or be permitted to use, Mr. PATMAN. That is a question we it because you have got a 52-cent dollar. but will be buildings only visited by Fed­ should pass on. Mr. PATMAN. I do not agree with the eral Reserve bank officials and officials Mr. McCORMACK. As a result of gentleman at all. It is a deliberate pol­ of member banks. In other words, they this, the value of Government bonds icy of forcing up interest rates. If bonds will not be buildings for general public went down so that the person buying were supported by the Federal Reserve use. the bonds now at 91 and 92 might get banks, as they were traditionally for There are a lot of places in the United the equivalent of 3~ percent on the more than 10 years, for at least 15 years; States where post-office buildings are outstanding bonds paying 2% percent, and no bonds allowed to go below par, badly needed. This money could be used for example, the 1967's. - we would not have to pay these outra­ for that purpose, if we are not going to Mr. PATMAN. That is exactly where geous interest rates. pay it on the national debt. they will go down to. One of the first acts passed by this The Members should not be deceived Mr. McCORMACK. They have sus­ Congress was to hurry through a bill to by the language of the report of the com­ tained a loss on their holdings. guarantee loans to banks, 9.7 percent in­ mittee, which says: Mr. PATMAN. That is right. They terest on FHA modernization loans. have sustained a capital loss. The bill would authorize the Federal Re­ That is bordering on usury. The whole serve banks to use from their own funds an Mr. McCORMACK. In other words, trend has been -higher interest rates, additional total of $20 million for the con­ any person who paid $1,000 for a bond,' higher interest rates. struction of branch bank buildings. conld only sell it for $910 or $920. If Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, will NO AUDIT IN 40 YEARS not only affected Government bonds, the gentleman yield? but it affected the bonds of private com­ Mr. PATMAN. I yield to the gentle­ I respectfully invite the Members of panies. I noticed in looking through man from Massachusetts. the House to consider the arguments pre­ the stock market reports that all of the ·Mr. McCORMACK. I am amazed to sented by me in minority views on the bonds went off correspondingly. listen to the remarks of the gentleman question of whose money is being used. Mr; PATMAN. They certainly will. from Michigan [Mr. OAKMANL In other It is as follows: Mr. McCORMACK. The result has words, he is saying to the millions of MINORITY VIEWS BY CONGRESSMAN PATMAN been a loss of hundreds of millions of bondholders throughout the United Since I will have only a very short time to dollars to the bond holders of this States who are entitled to the feeling prepare this minority report, I shall neces­ country. that their bond is worth 100 cents on the sarily be brief in my comments. Mr. PATMAN. There is no question dollar, on Government bonds at least, This bill .involves $20 million for the con­ about that. It has already broken one struction of new bank buildings. It is a that we have driven them down to 91 or small amount of money compared to the insurance company. . It will not hurt 92 cents, and then he tries to give the old the banks because they allow them-it earnings of the Federal Reserve ·banks annu­ orthodox Republican argument to cover ally or the volume of business that is done is not exactly honest bookkeeping-but up their own misdeeds. annually by the Federal Reserve System. In the banks are allowed to carry their Mr. PATMAN. Now, I want to say the hearings on the bill, I showed by ques­ bonds at 100 cents on a dollar although something myself. Bonds will seek their tioning the Chairman of the Board of Gov­ they are only worth 91 cents. Only the level. The 2%-percent lmig-term bonds ernors of the Federal Reserve System that a banks can do it. Individuals cannot. congressional committee has never been fur­ Mr. OAKMAN. Mr. Speaker, will the went down to 92; because, if they sell at nished a copy of an audit of the Federal Re­ gentleman yield? 92, it compares with a 3-percent return. serve Board or a Federal Reserve regional Mr. PATMAN. I yield. But by the time they got· down to 92 bank or of the Open Markets Committee dur­ they made the interest rate 3 ~ percent ing the 40 years of the existence of the Fed­ Mr. OAKMAN. In answer to the dis­ eral Reserve System. Up until less than 2 tinguished gentleman from Massachu­ on a new issue and now they will have to years ago, when I raised the question before setts who inquired, why if one bond­ go down to 88 in order for the 2%-percent the Joint Committee on the Economic· Re­ holder is given 3~ percent, why should bond to have a return equal to 3~ per­ port, there had never been an independent not all bondholders get it, there is a con­ cent. So that is where they are headed audit of the Federal Reserve Board. Since tract on each bond. If the interest rate for. They will not stop at 91 or 89. that time, I understand such an audit has been made by auditors selected by the Sys­ went down, you would not ask the bond­ They will have to go to 88 in order to tem's officials. holder to come in, would you, and ask compare favorably with the 3~:..percent The Federal Reserve banks have tremen­ him to take a lesser coupon? The dis­ bonds just issued. dous power. They have the power to issue tinguished gentleman from Illinois [Mr. NEW FEDERAL RESERVE BANK BUILDINGS BILL TO money on the credit of the Nation, which is O'HARA] asked, together with the distin-. COME UP SOON in e1Iect the power to use a blanket mort­ guished gentleman from Texas, what gage on all the property of all the people and effect the increased rate on Government The Committee on Banking and Cur­ a lien upon the incomes of all the people bonds has had on municipal borrowing. rency has reported favorably a bill to a5 a backing and as security for the issuances allow $20 million more to be spent for the of money on the credit of the Nation: The I am very happy to tell the distinguished Bureau of Engraving and Printing turns out. gentleman,. Mr. Speaker, that the city erection of branch bank buildings for the Federal Reserve notes by the billions of dol­ of Detroit today is borrowing money at Federal Reserve System. If this $20 lars every year. These notes are put into a lower interest rate than it did 12 years million were paid on the natio11al debt, ci_rculation; by the 12 Federal Reserve banks. ago. Why? Because. we have .. r.estofed it would save the taxpaxers, ba:,sed Qn ~ Each. :p.q_~e provi~es: "Tl_le United States of 4712 CONGRESSIONAL:.RECORD:.:..:..:::. ·H ·OUSE ' America will pay to the bearer on demand ' least \Jle have seen the most recent audits of interest are interrelated and neces­ $20" or whatever the denomination of the bill of the Board and the Federal Reserve banks. sarily . have the same effect upon our happens to be. In other words, the Federal ' Respectfully submitted. economy. Both actions are deflationary Reserve bank does not promise to pay this WRIGHT PATMAN, and the danger is that while bringing bill. It is not secured by any assets owned The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. about deflation and speeding the econ­ by the Federal Reserve banks-that is, such ARENDS). The time ·Of the gentleman assets are not depended upon for redemp- omy downhill into trouble it at the tion-but the credit of the entire Nation from Texas has expired. same time increases costs to the Govern- is relied upon to redeem this bill, which . ment and to the consumer alike. Before includes the taxing power. this action was taken by the Treasury The 12 Federal Reserve banks, acting BUNDLES FOR BILLIONAffiES AND Department and the. Federal Reserve through the Open Markets Committee, trade THE GIVEAWAY CONGRESS Board it was obvious. that we had non-interest-bearing United States cur­ Under previous order of the House, the reached the.top of the inflationary spiral rency, printed at the Bureau of Engraving and prices were on the way down and and Printing, for other United States obli­ gentleman from New York [Mr. MULTER] gations which are interest bearing, also is recognized for 30 minutes. the economy was beginning to stabilize printed at the Bureau of Engraving. In other Mr. MULTER. Mr. Speaker, I take and normalize itself. words, these banks trade non-interest-bear­ the floor at this time to sound a word of There can be no doubt but that those ing obligations, currency, greenbacks, or warning, knowing full well, however, responsible for this policy must well whatever you want to call them, issued by · that it will probably be ignored. I say remember the last three depressions the United States Government, for interest­ that because on three prior occasions I that hit this country. They had no right bearing obligations of the same Government. to overlook, and have had forcefully These 12 banks have about $23 billion of took the time and the trouble to take such interest-bearing obligations .Df our Gov­ the floor of this House and direct its called to their attention, the fact that ernment that they have secured this way. attention to the same subject. Not only this same course of conduct, to wit, the Over the years, these banks have done an were my warnings ignored, but the very increasing of Government interest rates annual business running into hundreds of course of conduct I was protesting and the -depressing of the Government billions of dollars. They have had unlimited against is now in full swing. bond market preceded and helped power through the Federal Reserve System The dire results I predicted are be­ hasten, if not bring about those to take currency and trade for bonds. The ginning to appear. depressions. Federal Reserve System has complete control In 1920, in 1929, in 1937 we saw the of the go!d certifi.c"ates that are used in the On February 28, 1951, I discussed at place of the actual metal that is stored at great length the necessity for the Fed­ economy of the country almost com­ Fort· Knox, Ky. The gold at Fort Knox was eral . Reserve System supporting the pletely destroyed following immediately recently checked and all found to be there. United States Government bond market. upon the stiffening of money rates re­ The Government has not checked the gold · My remarks appear in the CONGRESSIONAL sulting in scarce money and credit and certificates in charge of the Federal Reserve RECORD of that day, volume 97, part 2, higher interest rates. System; neither has it checked or audited page 1695. On March 14, 1951, I intro­ We are going through the same thing the books of the System to determine again now because the moneyed interests whether or not the trillions of dollars of duced my bill, H. R. 3239, calling for such money that has gone through the System support of Government securities at par, of the country would like to buy our during the past 40 years has actually been and the same day I took the floor of this bonds at less than a dollar and to sell properly accounted for. House and pointed out that for the first them for more than a dollar. The General Accounting pffice has never time in 10 years the Federal Reserve · , This administration contends that it audited a Federal Reserve bank or the Fed­ Board had failed to support the Gov­ was elected on a platform promising eral Reserve Board. I must confess my com­ ernment securities market. The excuse economy in Government and stabiliza­ plete ignorance in that I thought, until 2 given by the Federal Reserve Board for tion of the economy of the country. years ago, that the audits of the Federal Re­ serve banks and the Federal Reserve Board, its action then was that it was seeking Actually · it is pursuing the opposite required by law to be made, were filed with to control inflation by contracting bank course while pretending tQ_ be economy­ congressioJ?-al committees. I . discovered, to credit, which incidentally did not con­ minded. my amazement, that no audit of the System tract. I charged that that action would This $1 billion bond issue will cost or any part of it has -ever been filed with a give the billion-dollar boys an oppor­ the taxpayers $7% million a year more congressional committee. Naturally, over tunity to raid the United States Govern­ interest than they should be paying. the years, the law of averages applying to ment securities market. My remarks The increase of three-fourths of 1 per­ people working for the System that applies to all other groups, there have undoubtedly appear in the RECORD of March 14, 1951. cent in the interest payable on these been certain practices and possibly acts of On June 19, 1952, I pointed out how the bonds will cost the United States tax­ misconduct that have been engaged in. If big ·money . boys were cashing in on payers a total of $225 million. If it so, they have never been brought to the at­ Treasury bonds. Those remarks will be stopped there it would be bad enough, tention of Congress or any department of the found in the Appendix of the RECORD of but the policy announced by the ad­ Government. They have all been settled June 30, 1952. ministration is that it intends to simi­ within a sort of Kremlin of their own. On January 7, 1953, I introduced my larly refinance its so-called short-term Audits usually disclose criticisms that are bill, H. R. 1287, which was identical with bonds. By short-term bonds the admin­ constructive. Over the years, doubtless many. criticisms have been made by auditors, al­ my bill H. R. 3239 of the last Congress, istration means any bond that comes though they were auditors of the System, and the purpose of which was to require due within 12 years. that would be helpful to congressional com­ support of the Government bond market. The total Government debt as of today mittees. But these audits have never been Last month the Treasury Department is $264% billion. If the administration made available-not one of them-to a con­ announced that it was going to issue refinances only $100 billion of that debt gressional committee. The Board of Gov­ $1 billion worth of Government 30-year in· the same manner as the last issue ernors of the Federal Reserve System are bonds on which it would pay an interest of bonds, the American taxpayers will quick to admit that the System is an agency or servant of Congress for the ol;>vious rea­ rate of 3% percent per annum, an "in­ pay in additional interest alone another son that they want to remain just as far crea·se of three-fourth of a percent over $22% billion. away from the Executive as possible. the highest rate of interest paid on Gov­ If you want to know who will bene­ Consider the fact that this agency of Con­ ernment bonds in the last 30 years. fit by this, then look at the Federal Re­ gress has not only never filed an audit of On April 13, 1953, various Members of serve Board's statistics and you will find any part of its System with Congress or a the other body of the Congress joined in that 50 percent of these higher-interest congressional committee, the officials of the a statement read upon the floor of the securities are ·held and will be held by System object to filing any such audits with Senate by the distinguished ·senator the moneyed interests of the country. a congressional committee and strenuously from Minnesota, Mr. HUMPHREY, protest­ object to the Government's having an audit Bear in mind, too, that the interest rate of its own through the General Accol,lnting ing against such action, and pointing out on the savings-bonds held by individuals Office. the dire consequences that would follow is not, and will not be, increased by this In view of this situation, whiCh I have if it wer~ persisted in. The statement ~ction of the Treasury Department. hurriedly presented, I think the least the appears in the RECORD of April 13, 1953, The results of this bad financing are House of Representatives can do is to turn at page 2992. already. being felt. On May 5 bonds down this bill and all similar bills relating The selling of Government bonds un­ were selling at the lowest price in 20 to the conguct of the ;r{'ederal Reserve System der par on the open market ·and the years, and the cost to the Government E.!!til we know more ·about what tile systemfSStmnca of Government bonds b the for financing was at tpe hi~hest in 2o has done in the pas~ 40 years and until at ~Department at increased rates ars. ~- Tli1s business of increasing i~ 1953 - j I I I 4713 terest -rate-s on Government securities operat-ion of ·business and· tba~ cost 1s · the· nttle fellows who own the smaller does not stop with the single higher cost passed on to each purchaser all the way bonds, the so-called E bonds. This to Government;· it increases costs like down to the consumer. Every time the higher interest· rate is given the long.:. wildfire throughout the entire economy. interest rate is raised for private indus .. term bondholders, the big fellows, the dn April 13, 19&3, Walter G. Stack- try a consumer somewhere will pay for it,. big institutions that put their money ler, president of the Long Island Home The net result is that the taxpayer; into long-term bonds. Builders Institute, said: · who is the consumer, and the consumer, Mr. O'HARA of Illinois. I appreciate The recent· action of the United States who is the taxpayer, pays the bill both that the high interest rates are not go­ Treasury in issuing a 30-year bond bearing ways. ing to the little people. That is what 3~-percent interest has made mandatory an Every time a railroad borrows money concerns me. The little people have ·increase in interest rates on mortgages in- at a higher rate it will have to seek a their savings in these small bonds that sured or guaranteed by Government agen- higher passenger and a higher freight the administration has permitted to drop cies. . · rate. Mr. Consumer pays the bill. from par to 00 and lower. The bite is on April 28, 1953, the National Sav- When loan rates go up for factories Mr. on them to make possible the gravy ings and Loan League letter said: · Consumer pays the bill when he buys the train for the favored purchasers of the Informed official circles continue to ad-· product of the factory. When mortgage big long-term securities with the boosted vise that the problem of adequate GI and rates go up on housing, the purchaser interest rate. It smacks at a raw deal FHA loan interest rates is still under active of the house, or the tenant of the house for the. little people. _ discussion and consideration, but no deci- pays for it. The biggest lenders of funds Mr. MULTER. To some people in sion has been reached at higher levels as to for installment buying have hiked their this administration the little fellow does whether the rates will be increased. rates one-half of 1 percent. That means not count today. . The administration Nevertheless, and attributable directly an increase of 9 percent in the cost of and those in control of this policy trust to the action· of the Treasury Depart- carrying a $2,000 loan for 2 years. that by the next presidential election ment, on May 2, carl R. Gray, Jr., Ad- As part of the price of every product they will have forgotten about that and miilistrator of Veterans' Affairs, issued that the taxpayer must have, whether will -have become accustomed· to losing , an announcement that as of May 5 the it be wearing apparel, or food, autos, tele­ money. interest rate on all GI loans would be in- visions or household appliances, wheth­ Mr. O'HARA of Illinois. Even though creased by one-half of 1 percent. That, er it comes from the farm or from the there is temporarily a Republican ad­ despite pretests -against such. proposed corner 'store, Mr. Consumer must pay ministration on earth, in heaven there action which have been. coming in from every increase in interest rates. is still a God. What is unfair to the all quarters. The dictionary definition of economy average decent and honest American, should be changed to this administra-- and makes him the victim to another's On April 30, 1953, the Dime Savings tion's new definition-"Bundles for bil­ ruthlessness, cannot continue very long, Bank of Brooklyn sent to me a copy of a lionaires." Mr. MULTER. That little fellow is telegram dated April 29 which its presi-_ I call these things to the attention of going to remember. In my travels dent, George C. Johnson, sent to the Sec- the Congre.ss so the American people will around the country since the election I retary of the Treasury, to .the Adminis- know that this "giveaway" Congress. found that the reaction has already set trator of Veterans' Affairs, and to the Di- condones .the new policy of bundles for in and those who pay no heed now will rector of the Loan Guaranty Servic~ of billionaires. suffer in the next elections. · the .Veterans'. Administration, protesting Mr. O'HARA of Illinois . . Mr. Speaker, Mr. O'HARA of Illinois. Certainly. the against the intent ... of_the Veterans' Ad- will the gentleman yield? little fellow is not going to be very happy miriistrator to allow a 3-percent discount Mr. MULTER. I gladly yield to the on GI loans. . In the same communica-· when he . finds his own Government ion he pointed · out th_at · the bank has, distinguished gentleman from Illinois. reaching down into his pocket and tak­ t Mr. O'HARA of Illinois. I would like ing a dime out of every dollar he has been one of the stanchest supporters of to get this straight in my own n;tind; saved. ·That ii what it amounts to. · the VA home loan · pro~ram, having As I understand the distinguished gen­ 18 000 Mr. MULTER. I would like to believe originated and holding · loans to tleman, what the new administration that that is the end, but I am afraid it veterans. He said the :Proposed action has done amounts to taking almost a is only the beginning. gives rise to' the possible necessity of that dime out of every dollar of savings Amer-· Mr. O'HARA of Illinois. I wonder if bank withdrawing its support of the pro- ican families have put into Government the gentleman could inform me if what gram. He closes his telegram·by saying: bonds. Does this mean that for every is being done today is exactly similar to We consider the proposal of VA nc;>t only $1,000 in bond savings only about $900 that which was done . in the Hoover unsound but reel that it would in fact per- now remains after the first 100 days­ administration? Is it the same fiscal petrate a fraud on the veterans the VA is .a loss of a dollar a day from every $1,000 policy? supposed to protect. . of savings? Mr. MULTER; Precisely the same Coincident with the action .by the Mr. MULTER. In practical effect, it thing. Take the Federal Reserve Board Treasury Department and the Veterans'. means just that. It also means that it· records, take the-records· of any of the Administration we find FHA raising destroys the confidence of every indi­ credit agencies of the country for 1928 interest rates and the Commodity Credit vidual who holds Government bonds in and 1929, and you will see that precisely Corporation raising its interest rates this country. It destroys the confidence the same thing was done then as is being by-one-half of 1 percent. -At the same of that individual in the Government's done now. time -Mr. I. W. Duggan, Governor of the fiscal policies. Mr. O'HARA of Illinois. What the. Farm Credit ~ Administration, tells.. a .Mr. O'HARA of. Dlinois. , I compliment" gentleman is trying to do is to save the.· House appropriations subco~mittee that the gentleman on the clarity of his pre ... country from the c-onsequences that his Administration may increase the in- sentment. He has made it perfectly came when the same policy was followed terest rate on farm mortgage loans. clear that the average good American, in the Hoover days? But the damage does not stop there. saving a little for family illness or emer­ Mr. MULTER. That is the warning· Every investor will now look for higher gency, and trusting it to his Government, I am trying to sou:hd.- interest rates from private industry.. is paying ·a pretty heavy price for a Mr. PATMAN. Mr. Speaker, will the Private industJ:y must compete -with the change. You might call it shortchang­ gentleman yield·?· · · Government in -the money market to ob- ing. His $1,000 of savings in bonds under Mr. MULTER. I am happy to yield tain funds with which to operate. Pri- a Democratic administration was worth' to my distinguished colleague from vate loans which do not carry Govern- $1,000. If family illness came and he Texas. ment guaranties also require a higher needed his ·money he could get every cent · Mr. PATMAN. Is-it not a fact that interest rate.- - of his $1,000. Now he can get about preceding the depression of the early When the interest rate on Government $900. It is so terribly disillusioning. He twenties, the- Federal Reserve Board bonds goes up the interest rate for pri- voted for a _change and he ·got short­ caused rediscount rates .to · be increased, vate funds climbs higher. When pri-· changed. which caused interest rates to be in­ vate industry, whether it be a manufac- Mr. MULTER. Yes. You must bear creased, and on every hand you could turer, a utility, a carrier, a producer, a · in mind, too, that these high interest very quj.~).y._se_e_i.Lgojng_ upward to. the.. wholesaler, or a retailer borrows money, . rates are nJltJ>.eing.,given_to...yo.ur friends­ point where there was a bust. In 1920, tne-1nterest 'itpay~(is'parfof -the cost of': -and my fiiends, the voters of the country, of course, the rediscount rates went 4714 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -- HOUSE May r down and those interest rates, then in a passed an appropriation bill here a .week equal of the average man of any -other few years after that they start up again ago and they said they reduced the country." . just before 1929 just exactly the same budget by about $368 million. What did Nourished by such ideals of Stefanik way as they are doing now. Then they they do? They did not save a nickel. as this, it is evident that the Slovaks not had a bust. Now then in 1937, preceding They postponed the payment of $368 only resent but also resist the superiority that, it started up this same way. All million that should be paid into the pen­ imposed upon them by both Communist right. Now then, that was so slight they sion fund now to keep it solvent. They Prague and Communist Moscow. Slo­ recovered from it. Now they are doing postponed its payment to a future date, vaks do not want· to be- governed by exactly the same thing, following in the and that is how they tell the public anyone but Slovak leaders. That is why same pattern. Do. you not think that if they saved money. Now they come for­ they oppose oppression and use any a person makes a mistake one·time that ward and spend $225 million of the tax­ means to destroy tyranny. Hence their can be tolerated and condoned, but the payers' money while yelling economy. underground. But General Stefanik second time you would certainly question That is what this amounts to. typifies the great Christian and demo­ his judgment? But how can any Con­ Mr. FRIEDEL. I cannot see that that cratic ideals of Slovaks against the gress permit the same mistake and the is economy for the taxpayers, only that soulless and mechanical statism of Com­ same identical pattern to be followed the it will put more money into the hands of munist perversion of government. third time and cause this country to go the real rich. To what extent the opposition of the into a devastating depression without Mr. MULTER. There is no doubt that average man in Slovakia goes against complaining? that is the effect of this new fiscal policy. communism-an opposition, as I said, Mr. MULTER. The gentleman is ab­ grown out of ideals symbolized by the solutely right. But the terribly fright­ legendary Stefanik. ening thing about that is this: The SLOVAK FREEDOM RESOLUTION Mr. Speaker, I think that the spirit ­ Chairman of the Federal Reserve Board The SPEAKER pro tetnpore. Under of independence is fully evidenced by the came before the House Committee on acts and deeds of the- Slovak under­ Banking and -Currency this very week previous order of the House, the gentle­ man from Indiana [Mr. MADDEN] is rec ... ground. I am also convinced that Amer­ and showed that he knew the history of icans of Slovak origin whose relatives . our economics as so clearly related here ognized for 20 minutes. Mr. MADDEN. Mr. Speaker, I ask still live in Slovakia, long to see them today. He told us the Federal Reserve liberated. Board had approved this policy of the unanimous consent to revise and extend my remarks, and include a resolution Therefore, on this Stefanik Day, it Treasury Department in hiking the in­ seems to me that we should not stop by terest rates, and they knew what had introduced by me today and also a state­ ment of John T. Kmetz, former Assist­ simply admiring and . applauding the happened in the depression years just heroic ·deeds of Slovakia's fighters for mentioned. As a matter of fact, only ant Secretary of Labor. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to freedom. _It is in the spirit and in the last night in Boston, the same Chairman name of the basic principles adopted by of the Federal Reserve Board said that the request of the gentleman from Indi-_ the fathers of our freedom that I appeal he knows that this raising of interest ana? to you to help the Slovaks in their fight rates and this selling of bonds under par There was no objection. for freedom. on the market is deflationary; it is bring­ Mr. MADDEN. Mr. Speaker, in the I have this day introduced the follow­ ing prices down. It was pointed out to - grim struggle which the world has been ing resolution for Slovak freedom to him in our committee that prices were witnessing for free self-government the already on the way down when they de­ Slovak nation emerges as a nation which whieh I hope the_ Congress will give veloped this new fiscal policy. So, they has played a conscious and proud part favorable action: are obviously doing this with their eyes in this drama of history. Resolved by the House of Representatives wide open. As the Wall Street Journal During my trip to England and Europe (the Senate- concurring), That the Congress hereby reaffirms the historic friendship of said this morning, the Secretary of the last year as chairman of the committee the American people and the Slovak peo.o Treasury and the Federal Reserve Board investigating the Katyn Forest massa- - ples, with whom we- share· innumerable ties are doing this with their eyes wide open, ere, I met many brave Slovak patriots of kinship as well as mutual aspirations for knowing that they are likely to slide us associated with the National Committee democracy, liberty, and justice deeply felt into a depression. for the Liberation of Slovakia. Many by the American people because of the fact Mr ..McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, will escaped from behind the Iron Curtain that the United States was founded and the gentleman yield? - . only a short time ago_ with the hope to largely built by oppressed peoples from all Mr. MULTER. I yield to the very able fight for democracy and thus for their countries. and distinguished gentleman from Mas­ own freedom and independence. I heard SEC. 2. (a) The Congress hereby expresses the firm conviction of the American peo­ sachusetts. many stirring stories of how the people . ple that the Slovak people have the right Mr. McCORMACK. When you see of Slovakia resist communism and how of self-determination and the right to be these things happening, I like to look for in that Slovak area of the Carpathian governed by their own consent based on, something underneath the surface. I Mountains, a powerful underground the free expression of popular will in free have a feeling that the overall attack is exists and maintains itself with great elections, and that no nation may deprive upon labor; to try and sap the strength courage and determination. This is an them of their territory by force or threat or the backbone of labor. underground whose confidence and of force or keep their territory by force. Mr. MULTER. It is certainly going friendship we must secure in order to (b) The Congress further expresses the to have that effect. Who is the man enhance the security of Western Europe_ firm conviction of the American people that the Slovak peoples have the r_ight to the basic that is hurt first? It is the little farmer and also the security of our United States freedoms for which they have long strug-· and the little worker. He is the fellow of America in that strategically impor­ gled and for which, together with other that is hurt·most and worst in any de­ tant central Europe. free peoples in World War II, they shed their pression or in any recession, and he is Today, the eyes of all underground blood. going to get it again. fighters in Slovakia are turned toward SEc. 3. To give meaning to our historic Mr. FRIEDEL. Mr. Speaker, will the the beloved figure of their legendary friendship for the Slovak peoples, the Con­ gentleman yield? Gen. Milan Rastislav Stefanik, who died gress of the United States hereby expresses Mr. MULTER. I yield to the distin­ May 4 under mysterious circumstances the strong hope of the American people for . guished gentleman from Maryland. the early liberation of the Slovak peoples 34 years ago. The deceased General from their Communist enslavement. To as­ Mr. FRIEDEL. I would like to know Stefanik, who in the First World War sist in· bringing about this liberation at whether I understood the gentleman cor­ led his people out of a 1,000-year enslave­ the earliest possible date, the President is rectly, and I thil}k I did, that this bil­ ment, became the symbol of the long requested- lion dollar loan will cost the taxpayers struggle for freedom and equality of (!) to demand that free election be held $7,500,000 more a year for 30 years? Slovaks. · for the Slovak peoples, under police super­ Mr. MULTER. Yes, sir. Neither arrogant nor regarding him­ vision of the United Nations, in order that Mr. FRIEDEL. And our present ad­ they may, wit}?.out pressure, organize their self as superior to other men, -whether own Government founded on such princi­ ministration claims that they are for of his own or of another nation, Stefanik ples as may seem to them most likely to economy? _ stood on his rights and on the rights of effect their safety and happiness and se­ Mr. MULTER. That is the claim: his people. One of his favorite expres­ cure for themselves th~ blessings of liberty; that is the way they economize. They sions was "The average Slovak is the and 1953 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE 4715 (2) to explore the methods w}?.ereby the It was obvious .even before we reached Later in Prague, where I talked with gov­ American people, through their Government Lopuchovo that this corner of Europe was at ernment officials as well as businessmen and and by private means with Government as­ war again-a kind of war of nerves between labor leaders, I was told--confidentially and sistance, and otherwise, may offer aid and the.native populace on one side and Russian secretly-that there were between 60,000 and moral support to active fighters now strug­ interlopers, · backed by the army and by a 70,000 organized guerillas in the Carpathian gling for the liberation of the Slovak peoples minority of Communist fifth columnists on Mountains of Slovakia, Poland, and Ukraine. and other Communist-dominated countries. the other. And this was at a time, remem­ I was further told that an uprising was (3) to recognize an effective government ber, when Czechoslovakia was nominally a planned last fall-that guerilla leaders, Slo­ tn· exile representing the anti-Communist free Republic presided over by President vak or Ukrainian-knew it would probably Slovak people as well as governments in Eduard Benes. Our car was stopped no less be then or never. Having seen Russian exile for the people of other nations now than 20 times between Presov and Lopu­ fighter planes in the airports at Bratislava subjugated and enslaved behind the Iron chovo. The driver was questioned about the ~osice and ~resov on my way to Lopuchovo, Curtain. identity of his passengers, about his license I was skept1cal about the possibility of a to drive the cab, and about his ownership of successful revolutlon against the incoming :Mr. Speaker, I wish to incorporate in the cab. I developed a technique of pretend­ Communists for that simple reason that my remarks the following account writ­ ing not, to understand what was going on these anti-Communist guerillas were not ten by John T. Kmetz, former Assistant and then startling patrol leaders by pro­ even backed by the weak democratic parties Secretary of Labor, concerning his visit testing to them in Slovak and making 1t in Czechoslovakia. But my informants told to his boyhood home, entitled "Commu­ clear that I had understood their insulting me that many of the filers would change sides nism Comes to Lopuchovo:" references to the American passengers. if a revolution were started. In the village, when we finally got there, Some of the young underground fighters, During the next few days we found out my curiosity was aroused about the only veterans of the Second World War already how things were in Lopuchovo in the sum­ new dwelling-a prefabricated bungalow­ had been captured by patrols from Presov. mer of 1947, a few months before the Iron type house, looking oddly out cf place among Leading politicians also disappeared wllen curtain descended on Czechoslovakia. Also the ancient dwellings. It developed that Communist candid~tes were badly beaten in in Abrahamovce and Raslavice, two neigh­ this had been UNRRA headquarters for the a post-war election. Once arrested, they boring vHlage~ in the northeastern corner Lopuchovo area after the war and, to judge were marched off and nobody ever' heard of of Slovakia, near the Polish border. We · from reports, the seat of many present evils. them again. It was taken for granted t.hat found the people poor and hungry, even UNRRA supplies from the United States had they had been shipped off to Russia as slave poorer and hungrier than they were almost a been handled by two Russians. The people laborers, just as their predecessors had been half century earlier when my father decided needed these supplies desperately after the driven away to labor camps in Germany and to take his family to a more premising land. German occupation and rejoiced when the Austria while the war was still on. But those But we found something far worse than distribution point was set up in their .vil­ who remained vowed that this would not hunger and poverty. We found people afraid lage. But they soon learned that UNRRA stop them from training and fighting in the of rule by Russian Communis~ in the way goods were high priced-that the Russians und,erground. that children are afraid of storybook ghosts. demanded chickens, eggs, and produce for I asked one of those young men what had At first they were cautious. about their soap, sugar, tobacco, and textiles. Only the happened to the Russians who had formerly fears to me. But they talked very freely favored few who embraced communism been UNRRA's administrators in Lopuchovo. once they were sure that this man who came found means of buying UNRRA goods in sat­ "The devils got them," he said. "Anybody in an automobile, wearing good clothes, isfactory quantity. When one saw well­ will tell you so. We of the hills are the really belonged to the Kmetz fat.1ily and to dressed men or women in this country one devils in these parts." Lopuchovo. I had brought scores of messages knew, without asking questions, that they to these people from their American rela­ had adopted the· Russian faith. tions. There has always been a close bond Lopuchovo found this hard to under­ SP~CIAL ORDER TRANSFERRED between those of us who came to the Penn­ stand-supplies from their friends and rela­ sylvania mines and those who remained be­ tions in the fabulously rich U.nited States Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts asked hind in Slovakia. Once I was identified as used to buy up support for the Russian Com­ and was given permission to transfer one of the Kmetz boys who went to Nanti­ munists in Czechoslovakia. I did not have the special order of 5 minutes granted coke, Pa., the people took us in. As we much success trying to explain it. Even in her for today to Monday next. listened to their stories of what was happen­ America, I said, mistakes are made and this ing to them and what they expected. to hap­ was one of them. At least that satisfied mama pen, we knew we were listening to the over­ who didn't pretend to understand very KOREAN VETERANS ture for another historic tragedy. much about this strange new postwar world They knew that the republic founded by in which one was as poor as ever but in Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. Mr. the elder Masaryk with the help of Wood­ which men seemed to have heads as empty Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to row Wilson was about to be taken over by as their bellies. In the old days, under Franz address the House for 1 minute. the Soviet Union-that the advance agents Joseph and the Austro-Hungarian empire, The SPEAKER. Is there objection to of occupation were, in fact, already among they had been relatively free and happy; the request of the gentlewoman from them. They spoke in low tones but with the adventurous could go to America and Massachusetts? bitter scorn of the few families from the the contented could make a decent living There was no objection. east which had moved into their towns in from their small fields outside the village recent months. Those families, whether in­ and the bounty of the forests. After the Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. Mr. nocent or not, were suspected of being for­ First World War, too, men had been hopeful Speaker, I rise t.o express my deep re­ eign spies. Some -of them doubtless were. of improvement under the republic and had gret that the Korean veterans who have They seemed to be natives of Russia. Why plunged into the process of self-government been returned to Valley Forge are sup­ they had come to this poor valley, if not to seriously and with understanding. Now men posed to be there for what they call spy and eventually to rule, nobody could were afraid to speak out loud. Even the "brain washing." This makes them feel have guessed. One new family in Lopuchovo priest dared not deliver a sermon on Sun­ there is a stigma upon them. It is very was always referred to as the "bad ones." day unless he spoke well of the Russian Nobody spolte his mind before the members Communists-something he couldn't do in · unfortunate that any such expression of this family and everyone feared that the good conscience-and therefore there were · wa:s used. If the national defense offi­ bad ones might be paying weak but other­ no sermons. cials felt that the boys should be hos­ wise good ones to report the doings anq say­ It was at night, after the people liad led pitalized for any reason, I wish they had ings of other people. their cows in from the woods and brought just said they would be hospitalized. I In Lopuchovo and in other eastern Slo­ their fiddles out into the streets, that I got understand now those boys feel that they vakian villages the people fully expected most of my information. Young men, who are being taken good care of and do what was only feared in Prague-that the didn't seem so fearful of expressing them­ not feel as bitter as they did, but it would Communists, backed by Russian power, selves, and who hadn't been in evidence by be terribly unfortunate if there should would shortly gobble up Cz-echoslovakia. day, filtered into the villages. They came The simple villagers had read the signs more in groups of three or four to mingle with be any unjust. stigma cast on the boys accurately than the better-informed towns­ the fiddlers and the singers. These, I soon who fought and suffered so horribly for people. They knew that the police and the learned, were the cadres of the anti-Com­ us. They deserve the best we have to army already were in the hands of the Com­ munist Slovak underground. They did not give them. munists. They thought of all men in uni­ spend much time in the homes of their par­ form as their enemies. When they saw ents but they helped, when needed, in the planes from the military airfield at Presov fields. At other times they were off in t:qe EXTENSION OF REMARKS and Kosice circling low over the forests, they mountains training to fight the Russians as By unanimous consent permission to nodded their heads knowingly; it meant, they they and their brothers had fought the Nazis extend remarks in the Appendix of the said, that guerrillas had come out of the through the war years. · hills the previous night to harass the police "There are many of us in these moun­ RECORD, or to revise and extend remarks, and that they were now being hunted. The tains," they told me. "We are well trained was granted to: sympathies of the people were with the and we are armed. We shall give them no Mr. CUNNINGHAM and to include a hunted, not with t'he hunters. peace.' ~ · newspaper article. May 7 4716" CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE SENATE BILLS, JOINT . RESOLU­ tiona! Historical Park, in the State of New Mr. STRINGFELLOW and to include an ~Tersey; to the Committee on Interior and In­ article. . TIONS, AND CONCURRENT RESO­ sular Affairs. Mr. scoTT in two instances and to m- LUTIONS REFERRED S. 1307. An act to amend the act of Decem­ ber 23, 1944, authorizing certain transactions clude extraneous matter. · Bills, joint resolutions, and concur- - by disbursing officers of the United States, Mr. LECOMPTE and to include a concur­ rent resolutions of the Senate of the and for other purposes; to the Committee rent resolution adopted by the 55th Gen­ following titles were taken from the on Government Operations. eral Assembly of Iowa. Speaker's table and, under the rule, S. 1334. An act for the relief of Rev. A. E. Mr. CooN and to Include extraneous referred as follows: Smith; to the Committee on the Judiciary. matter. · b s. 18. An act to amend the Administrative S. 1376. An act to amend section 503 of the Mr. OAKMAN and inc~ude a talk Y . Procedure Act, and eliminate certain exemp­ act entitled."An act to expedite the provision James . Cope, vice president, Chrysler tions therefrom; to the Committee on the of housing in connection with national de­ Judiciary. fense, and for other purposes," approved Oc­ corp. . t tober 14, 1940, as amended; to the Commit­ Mr. SHEEHAN and to include ex raneous S. 30. An act to provide for jury trials in condemnation proceedings in United, States tee on Banking and Currency. mat ter. . d t . district courts; to the Committee on the S. 1389. An act for the relief of Ami Han­ Mr. JONAS qf North Carolma an om- Judiciary. ada (Margaret Ami McClung); to the Com­ clude extraneous matter. . . S. 39. An act to further implement the mittee on the Judiciary. Mr. BEAMER and to -include. an ed1tor~al. _ full faith and credit clause of the Constitu­ S. 1390. An act for the relief of Ann Marie Mr. REED of New York 1~ three m­ tion; to the Committee on the Judiciary. Longworth and John Francis Longworth; to stances and in each case to mclude ex- S. 52. An act for the relief of Anny Del · the Committee on the Judiciary. Curto; to the Committee on the Judiciary. S. 1418. An act for the relief of Linda traneous matter. . S. 106. An act for the establishment of a Marlene Kolachny (Mariko Furue); to the Mr. KERSTEN of Wisconsin in thre.e m- Commission on Governmental Operations; Committee on the Judiciary. stances and to include ~xtraneous mat- to the Committee on Government Opera­ - S . 1448. An act to amend the act of June ter. d"t · 1 tions. 25, 1942, relating to the making of photo- Mr. BoNIN and to include an e .1 ona. S. 117. An act to amend section 7 of the . graphs and sketches of properties of the Mr. SEELY-BROWN and to mclude Flood Control Act of 1941 relating to the ap­ Military Establishment, to continue in effect extraneous matter. portionment of moneys received on account the provisions thereof until 6 months after Mr. WIGGLESWORTH and to include an, of "j;he leasing of lands acquired by the United the present emergency; to the Committee on address by the Under Secretary of De- States for flood-control purposes; to the Armed Services. Committee on Public Works. S. 1514. An act to establish a Commission · fense. S. i93. An act for the relief of Toni Anne on Intergovernmental Relations; to the Com­ Mr. CEDE-RBERG. Simmons (liitomi Urasaki); to the Commit­ mittee on Government Operations. Mr. LoNG and to include a sta_te~ent tee on the Judiciary. . S. 1527. An act to amend section 4::lb of · tefore the Committee on Appropnatw~s. S. 207. An act for the relief of Jimy Okuda; the National Defense Act, as amended (41 Mr. HAND in two instances and to m- to the Committee on the Judiciary. stat. 759, 777}, to remove the limitation upon clude extraneous matter. . s. 226. An act for the relief of Keiko the detail of officers upon the active list for Mr. YoRTY in five instances and tom- Tashiro; to the Committee on the Judiciary. recruiting service and for duty with ROTC . s. 228. An act for the relief of Irene Ezitis; units; to the· Committee on Armed Services. clude extraneous matter. to the Committee on the Judiciary. S. 1528. An act to continue in effect cer­ Mr. BENTSEN. . s. 252. An act to permit all civil actions tain appointments as officers and as warrant Mr. HELLER urial lots and other property in the render judgment upon the claim of J. Don Washington Parish Burial Ground, Washing­ Mr. O'HARA of Illinois in two instances. Alexander against the United States; to the ton, D. C., and to exchange other burial lots; · Mr. BROOKS in three instances and to Committee on the Judiciary. to the Committee on Interior and Insular . include extraneous matter. S. 607. An act for the relief of Thomas Dale Affairs. Mr. RoosEVELT and to include extra­ Fawcett (George Yamamoto); to the Com­ S. 1546. An act to amend the act author- . neous material. mittee on the Judiciary. izing the Secretary of War to approve a Mr. McCoRMACK and to include ex­ S. 639. An act to provide for the abandon­ standard design for a service flag and service ment of a certain part of the Federal project· lapel button; to the. Committee on Armed traneous matter. for the Broadkill River in Delaware; to the Services. Mr. RADWAN and to include extraneous Committee on Public Works. . S. 1547. An act to authorize payment for matter. S. 674. An act for the relief of Kikue the transportation of household effects of Mr. LANTAFF and to include two news­ Tsurukawa; to the Committee on the Judi­ certain naval personnel; to the Committee paper articles. ciary. on Armed Services: Mrs. RoGERS of Massachusetts and to S. 712. An act for the relief of William R. S. 1548. An act to provide for the exchange ~ Jackson; to the Committee on the Judiciary. between the United States and the Common­ include extraneous matter. S. 1143. An act for the relief of Teresa Lee · wealth of Puerto Rico of certain lands and Mr. VAN ZANDT and to include extraneous matter. land included :Within the Morristown Na.- to tlie Committee on the Judiciary. 1953 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE. 4717 S. J. Res. 42. Joint resolution to provide · S. 255. An act for the relief of·stster Odilia, poses; without amendment (Rept. No. 351). for proper participation by the United States , also ktiown as Maria Hutter; Referred to the House Calendar. Government in a national celebration of .S. 306. An act for the relief of Waltraut Mr. ALLEN of Illinois: Committee on the 50th anniversary year of controlled power Mies van der Rohe; Rules. Hou!)e Resolution 230. Resolution fiight occurring during the year from Decem- · .s. 365. An act for the relief of Alambert E. for consideration of H. R. 4605. A bill to ber 17, 1952, to December 17, 1953; to the Robinson; amend section 10 of the Federal Reserve Act, Committee on the Judiciary. S. 522. An act for the relief of Gaorge F. and for other purposes; without amend­ s. J. Res. 71. Joint resolution to extend Ruckman; ment (Rept. No. 352). Referred to the certain authority of the Federal National · S. 720. An act for the relief of Commander House Calendar. Mor gage Association to Guam and to amend John J. O'Donnell, United States Naval Mr. MILLER of Nebraska: Committee on the . National Housing Act with respect to Reserve; Interior and Insular Affairs. H. R. 1815. A housing in Alaska; to the Committee on S. 811. An act for the relief of George bill to amend the Recreation Act of June 14, Banking and Currency. Mauner; 1926, to include other public purposes and s. con. Res. 20. Concurrent resolution fa- S. 846. An act for the relief of Charles to permit nonprofit organizations to lease voring the suspension of deportation of cer- Anthony Desotell; public lands for certain purposes; with tain aliens; to the Committee on the Judi- S. 851. An act for the relief of the estate amendment (Rept. No. 353). Referred to ciary. of Mary M. Mendenhall; and the Committee of the Whole House on the s. con. Res. 24. Concurrent resolution to . S. 1041. An act to abolish the United States State of the Union. revise and reprint the pamphlet entitled Commission for the construction of a Wash­ Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts: Commit­ ..Our American Government"; to the Com- ington-Lincoln Memorial Gettysburg Boule- tee on Veterans' Affairs. H. R. 4976. A bill mlttee on House Administration~ vard. to extend to June 30, 1954, the direct home S. Con. Res. 25. Concurrent resolution fa- . and farmhouse loan authority of the Ad­ voring the granting of the. status of perma..­ LEAVE OF ABSENCE ministrator of Veterans' Affairs under title nent residence to certain aliens; to the Com- · III of the Servicemen's Readjustment Act of mlttee on the Judiciary. ·By unanimous consent, leave of ab­ 1944, as amended, to make additional funds S. Con. Res. 26. ·concurrent resolution fa­ sence was granted to Mr. KRUEGER, for available · therefor, and for other purposes; voring the suspension of deportation of cer­ May 13, 14, 15, and 16, on account of with amendment (Rept. No. 354). Referred tain aliens; to the Committee on the Judi- official business